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Bern EM, Milliren CE, Tsang KK, Mancini LA, Carmody JK, Gearhart MG, Eldredge O, Samsel C, Crowley M, Richmond TK. Variation in care for inpatients with avoidant restrictive food intake disorder leads to development of a novel inpatient clinical pathway to standardize care. J Eat Disord 2024; 12:66. [PMID: 38783304 PMCID: PMC11112782 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-024-01018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is limited evidence to guide management of patients with avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) admitted for medical stabilization. We describe variations in inpatient care which led to the development of a multidisciplinary inpatient clinical pathway (ICP) to provide standardized management and examine differences after the ICP was implemented. METHODS A retrospective review of patients with ARFID admitted to Adolescent Medicine, Gastroenterology, and General Pediatrics at a single academic center was conducted. We compare hospital utilization and use of consulting services during the pre-ICP (2015-2017) and post-ICP (2018-2020) periods. RESULTS 110 patients were admitted with ARFID (n = 57 pre- vs. n = 53 post-ICP). Most presented with moderate/severe malnutrition (63% pre vs. 81% post; p = 0.11) and co-morbid anxiety and/or depression (74% pre vs. 92% post; p = 0.01). There was some variation in use of enteral tube feeding by service in both periods (p = 0.76 and p = 0.38, respectively), although overall use was consistent between periods (46% pre vs. 58% post; p = 0.18). Pre-ICP, use of the restrictive eating disorder protocol differed across services (p < 0.001), with only AM using it. Overall, utilization of the restrictive eating disorder protocol decreased from 16% pre-ICP to 2% post-ICP (p = 0.02). There was variation by service in psychiatry/psychology (range 82-100% by service; p = 0.09) and social work consultations (range 17-71% by service; p = 0.001) during the pre-ICP period, though variation was reduced in the post-ICP period (p = 0.99 and p = 0.05, respectively). Implementation of the ICP led to improvements in these consultative services, with all patients in the post-ICP period receiving psychiatry/psychology consultation (p = 0.05) and an increase in social work consults from 44 to 64% (p = 0.03). Nutrition consults were consistently utilized in both periods (98% pre vs. 100% post; p = 0.33). CONCLUSION The ICP was developed to standardize inpatient medical stabilization for patients with ARFID. In this single center study, implementation of the ICP increased standardized care for inpatients with ARFID with variation in care reduced: there were improvements in the use of consulting services and a reduction in the use of the restrictive eating disorder protocol. The ICP demonstrates the potential to further standardize and improve care over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elana M Bern
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, 333 Longwood Avenue, 5th Floor, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Carly E Milliren
- Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin K Tsang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa A Mancini
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, 333 Longwood Avenue, 5th Floor, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Julia K Carmody
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, 333 Longwood Avenue, 5th Floor, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marina G Gearhart
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, 333 Longwood Avenue, 5th Floor, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Olivia Eldredge
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, 333 Longwood Avenue, 5th Floor, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Chase Samsel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - McGreggor Crowley
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, 333 Longwood Avenue, 5th Floor, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tracy K Richmond
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Scherbaum R, Tönges L. [Multidisciplinary Complex Treatment of Parkinson's disease : Cornerstone of an individualized treatment]. Nervenarzt 2024:10.1007/s00115-024-01666-w. [PMID: 38755423 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-024-01666-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inpatient Parkinson's disease multimodal complex treatment (PD-MCT) was applied more than 15,000 times in 2022, in Germany. This number is increasing as is Parkinson's disease (PD), which affects more than 400,000 people in Germany and leads to 100,000 disability-adjusted life years. In recent years, several observational studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of this kind of multidisciplinary care. OBJECTIVE To summarize and discuss the evidence on the nature, benefits and potential of PD-MCT. METHODS A narrative review of selected empirical findings was carried out. RESULTS The PD-MCT frequently lasts for 2-3 weeks and aims to maintain the quality of life of people with PD. Disease symptoms and activities of daily living are jointly improved by pharmacological strategies and activating therapies (physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech and language therapy, physical training, art therapy). The PD-MCT is a useful measure to avoid or mitigate crisis situations in the course of the disease. A total of eight observational studies (n = 1246) have shown good effectiveness with a total mean improvement of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society unified Parkinson's disease rating scale III (MDS-UPDRS III) by 7.8 points. The transfer of effects into everyday life through intensive and specialized community-based care must be ensured in order to achieve sustained effects on the quality of life. Ideally, this transfer can be supported by integrated PD networks and digital technologies in the future. CONCLUSION There is potential for development in the standardization, patient selection and quality assurance of PD-MCT as well as in the embedding in care structures such as PD networks. Open research questions include a precise definition of the target group and higher quality evidence of short-term and long-term effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Scherbaum
- Klinik für Neurologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, St. Josef-Hospital Bochum, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791, Bochum, Deutschland
| | - Lars Tönges
- Klinik für Neurologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, St. Josef-Hospital Bochum, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791, Bochum, Deutschland.
- Zentrum für Proteindiagnostik (PRODI), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Deutschland.
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3
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Quigley DD, Elliott MN, Slaughter ME, Lerner C, Hays RD. Narrative comments about pediatric inpatient experiences yield substantial information beyond answers to closed-ended CAHPS survey questions. J Pediatr Nurs 2024; 76:e126-e131. [PMID: 38431461 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adults' comments on patient experience surveys explain variation in provider ratings, with negative comments providing more actionable information than positive comments. We investigate if narrative comments on the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS®) survey of inpatient pediatric care (Child HCAHPS) account for global perceptions of the hospital beyond that explained by reports about specific aspects of care. METHODS We analyzed 545 comments from 927 Child HCAHPS surveys completed by parents and guardians of hospitalized children with at least a 24-h hospital stay from July 2017 to December 2020 at an urban children's hospital. Comments were coded for valence (positive/negative/mixed) and actionability and used to predict Overall Hospital Rating and Willingness to Recommend the Hospital along with Child HCAHPS composite scores. RESULTS Comments were provided more often by White and more educated respondents. Negative comments and greater actionability of comments were significantly associated with Child HCAHPS global rating measures, controlling for responses to closed-ended questions, and child and respondent characteristics. Each explained an additional 8% of the variance in respondents' overall hospital ratings and an additional 5% in their willingness to recommend the hospital. CONCLUSIONS Child HCAHPS narrative comment data provide significant additional information about what is important to parents and guardians during inpatient pediatric care beyond closed-ended composites. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Quality improvement efforts should include a review of narrative comments alongside closed-ended responses to help identify ways to improve inpatient care experiences. To promote health equity, comments should be encouraged for racial-and-ethnic minority patients and those with less educational attainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise D Quigley
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90407, United States of America.
| | - Marc N Elliott
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90407, United States of America.
| | - Mary E Slaughter
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90407, United States of America.
| | - Carlos Lerner
- UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, 1100 Glendon Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1736, United States of America; UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, 757 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America.
| | - Ron D Hays
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90407, United States of America; UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, 1100 Glendon Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1736, United States of America.
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4
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Zhu Y, Zhang H, Xi Y, Zhu H, Lu Y, Luo X, Tang Z, Lei H. The Implication of Diabetes-Specialized Nurses in Aiming for the Better Treatment and Management of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Brief Narrative Review. Diabetes Ther 2024; 15:917-927. [PMID: 38472627 PMCID: PMC11043239 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-024-01558-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is regarded as one of the most critical public health challenges of the 21st century. It has evolved into a burgeoning epidemic since the last century, and today ranks among the major causes of mortality worldwide. Diabetes specialist nurses (DSNs) are central to good patient care and outcomes including confident self-care management. Evidence shows that DSNs are cost-effective, improve clinical outcomes, and reduce length of stay in hospital. In this brief narrative review, we aim to describe the roles of DSNs and their contribution in the treatment and management of patients with DM. This narrative review describes the importance of DSNs in healthcare practice, in the inpatient and outpatient departments, in the pediatrics department, in managing diabetic foot ulcers, in the treatment and management of gestational diabetes, in prescribing medications for DM and in diabetes self-management education on glycosylated hemoglobin, and cardiovascular risk factors. To conclude, DSNs have a crucial role in the treatment and management of patients with DM and its complications. DSNs have a great impact on diabetes therapy, and hence implementation of DSNs and nurse-led diabetic clinics might be beneficial for the health care system. Finally, having DSNs might significantly contribute to good healthcare practice and support. Even though DSNs are not available in several regions around the globe, and even though this post is still new to several health care institutions, the presence of DSNs recognized and certified by the various healthcare systems would be very useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yefang Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huzhou Shushan Geriatric Hospital First Ward, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Ezhou Central Hospital, Hubei, 436000, Ezhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xi
- The Outpatient Department, The First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, West China Longquan Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, 610100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Zhu
- Department of Health Management, The First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, West China Longquan Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, 610100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lu
- The Outpatient Department, The First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, West China Longquan Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, 610100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, West China Longquan Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, 610100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangui Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Lei
- Department of Health Management, The First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, West China Longquan Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, 610100, People's Republic of China.
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Wang T, Sun R, Sindelar JL, Chen X. Occupational differences in the effects of retirement on hospitalizations for mental illness among female workers: Evidence from administrative data in China. Econ Hum Biol 2024; 53:101367. [PMID: 38340649 PMCID: PMC11060846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Retirement, a major transition in the life course, may affect many aspects of retirees' well-being, including health and health care utilization. Leveraging differential statutory retirement age (SRA) by occupation for China's urban female workers, we provide some of the first evidence on the causal effect of retirement on hospitalizations attributable to mental illness and its heterogeneity. To address endogeneity in retirement decisions, we take advantage of exogeneity of the differing SRA cut-offs for blue-collar (age 50) and white-collar (age 55) female urban employees. We apply a Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD) around the SRA cut-offs using nationally representative hospital inpatient claims data that cover these workers. We show that blue-collar females incur more hospitalizations for mental illness after retirement, while no similar change is found for white-collar females. Conditional on blue-collar females being hospitalized, probabilities of overall and ER admissions due to mental illness increase by 2.3 and 1.2 percentage points upon retirement, respectively. The effects are primarily driven by patients within the categories of schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders; and neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders. Moreover, the 'Donut' RDD estimates suggest that pent-up demand at retirement unlikely dominates our findings for blue-collar females. Rather, our results lend support to their worsening mental health at retirement. These findings suggest that occupational differences in mental illness and related health care utilization at retirement should be considered when optimizing retirement policy schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Wang
- School of Labor and Human Resources, Renmin University of China, China
| | - Ruochen Sun
- Wharton School of Business, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Xi Chen
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, USA.
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Penzias RE, Bohne C, Gicheha E, Molyneux EM, Gathara D, Ngwala SK, Zimba E, Rashid E, Odedere O, Dosunmu O, Tillya R, Shabani J, Cross JH, Ochieng C, Webster HH, Chiume M, Dube Q, Wainaina J, Kassim I, Irimu G, Adudans S, James F, Tongo O, Ezeaka VC, Salim N, Masanja H, Oden M, Richards-Kortum R, Hailegabriel T, Gupta G, Cousens S, Lawn JE, Ohuma EO. Quantifying health facility service readiness for small and sick newborn care: comparing standards-based and WHO level-2 + scoring for 64 hospitals implementing with NEST360 in Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, and Tanzania. BMC Pediatr 2024; 23:656. [PMID: 38475761 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04578-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Service readiness tools are important for assessing hospital capacity to provide quality small and sick newborn care (SSNC). Lack of summary scoring approaches for SSNC service readiness means we are unable to track national targets such as the Every Newborn Action Plan targets. METHODS A health facility assessment (HFA) tool was co-designed by Newborn Essential Solutions and Technologies (NEST360) and UNICEF with four African governments. Data were collected in 68 NEST360-implementing neonatal units in Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, and Tanzania (September 2019-March 2021). Two summary scoring approaches were developed: a) standards-based, including items for SSNC service readiness by health system building block (HSBB), and scored on availability and functionality, and b) level-2 + , scoring items on readiness to provide WHO level-2 + clinical interventions. For each scoring approach, scores were aggregated and summarised as a percentage and equally weighted to obtain an overall score by hospital, HSBB, and clinical intervention. RESULTS Of 1508 HFA items, 1043 (69%) were included in standards-based and 309 (20%) in level-2 + scoring. Sixty-eight neonatal units across four countries had median standards-based scores of 51% [IQR 48-57%] at baseline, with variation by country: 62% [IQR 59-66%] in Kenya, 49% [IQR 46-51%] in Malawi, 50% [IQR 42-58%] in Nigeria, and 55% [IQR 53-62%] in Tanzania. The lowest scoring was family-centred care [27%, IQR 18-40%] with governance highest scoring [76%, IQR 71-82%]. For level-2 + scores, the overall median score was 41% [IQR 35-51%] with variation by country: 50% [IQR 44-53%] in Kenya, 41% [IQR 35-50%] in Malawi, 33% [IQR 27-37%] in Nigeria, and 41% [IQR 32-52%] in Tanzania. Readiness to provide antibiotics by culture report was the highest-scoring intervention [58%, IQR 50-75%] and neonatal encephalopathy management was the lowest-scoring [21%, IQR 8-42%]. In both methods, overall scores were low (< 50%) for 27 neonatal units in standards-based scoring and 48 neonatal units in level-2 + scoring. No neonatal unit achieved high scores of > 75%. DISCUSSION Two scoring approaches reveal gaps in SSNC readiness with no neonatal units achieving high scores (> 75%). Government-led quality improvement teams can use these summary scores to identify areas for health systems change. Future analyses could determine which items are most directly linked with quality SSNC and newborn outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Penzias
- Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive, & Child Health Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Christine Bohne
- Rice360 Institute for Global Health Technologies, Rice University, Texas, USA
- Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - Edith Gicheha
- Rice360 Institute for Global Health Technologies, Rice University, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Molyneux
- Kamuzu University of Health Sciences (Formerly College of Medicine, University of Malawi), Blantyre, Malawi
| | - David Gathara
- Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive, & Child Health Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Samuel K Ngwala
- Kamuzu University of Health Sciences (Formerly College of Medicine, University of Malawi), Blantyre, Malawi
- School of Global and Public Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Evelyn Zimba
- Rice360 Institute for Global Health Technologies, Rice University, Texas, USA
| | - Ekran Rashid
- Rice360 Institute for Global Health Technologies, Rice University, Texas, USA
- Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Opeyemi Odedere
- Rice360 Institute for Global Health Technologies, Rice University, Texas, USA
- APIN Public Health Initiatives, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - James H Cross
- Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive, & Child Health Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Christian Ochieng
- Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive, & Child Health Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Harriet H Webster
- Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive, & Child Health Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Msandeni Chiume
- Kamuzu University of Health Sciences (Formerly College of Medicine, University of Malawi), Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Paediatrics, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | | | - John Wainaina
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Wellcome Trust, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Grace Irimu
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Steve Adudans
- Academy for Novel Channels in Health and Operations Research (ACANOVA) Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Femi James
- Newborn Branch, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Olukemi Tongo
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Nahya Salim
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Maria Oden
- Rice360 Institute for Global Health Technologies, Rice University, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Gagan Gupta
- Program Group, Health Programme UNICEF Headquarters, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simon Cousens
- Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive, & Child Health Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Joy E Lawn
- Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive, & Child Health Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Eric O Ohuma
- Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive, & Child Health Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Rehman M, Chapman L, Liu L, Calvert S, Sukhera J. Structural stigma within inpatient care for people who inject drugs: implications for harm reduction. Harm Reduct J 2024; 21:53. [PMID: 38413991 PMCID: PMC10900608 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-024-00971-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals suffering with addiction have historically experienced disproportionally high levels of stigma. The process of inpatient care for those with substance abuse disorder (SUD) is multifaceted, shaped by the interplay of human interactions within the healthcare team and overarching structural factors like policy. While existing literature predominantly addresses personal and interpersonal stigma, the influence of structural stigma on care delivery practices remains understudied. Our research aims to investigate the impact of structural stigma on care processes for individuals with SUD admitted to acute medicine units. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of observation notes and interview transcripts utilizing an analytic framework related to structural stigma adapted from previous research. Data was collected from June 2019 to January 2020 in 2 hospitals. 81 participants consented to observation and 25 to interviews. Interviews were conducted with patients (n = 8), healthcare staff (n = 16), and caregivers (n = 1). RESULTS Each aspect of care for people with SUD is adversely influenced by structural forms of stigma. There was evidence of a gap in accessing care and time pressures which deteriorated care processes. Structural stigma also manifested in the physical spaces designed for care and the lack of adequate resources available for mental health and addictions care. We found that structural stigma perpetuated other forms of implicit and explicit stigma. CONCLUSIONS Structural stigma and other forms of stigma are interconnected. Improving care for people with SUD in hospital settings may require addressing structural forms of stigma such as how physical spaces are designed and how mental healthcare is integrated with physical healthcare within inpatient settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maham Rehman
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
- Institute of Living Terry Building, Institute of LivingHartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, Hartford, CT, 06106, USA
| | | | - Lisa Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Sara Calvert
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Javeed Sukhera
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada.
- Institute of Living Terry Building, Institute of LivingHartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, Hartford, CT, 06106, USA.
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Thaventhiran T, Wong BHC, Pilecka I, Masood S, Atanda O, Clacey J, Tolmac J, Wehncke L, Romaniuk L, Heslin M, Tassie E, Chu P, Bevan-Jones R, Woolhouse R, Mahdi T, Dobler VB, Wait M, Reavey P, Landau S, Byford S, Zundel T, Ougrin D. Evaluation of intensive community care services for young people with psychiatric emergencies: study protocol for a multi-centre parallel-group, single-blinded randomized controlled trial with an internal pilot phase. Trials 2024; 25:141. [PMID: 38389089 PMCID: PMC10885519 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-07974-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 3000 young people under the age of 18 are admitted to Tier 4 Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) inpatient units across the UK each year. The average length of hospital stay for young people across all psychiatric units in the UK is 120 days. Research is needed to identify the most effective and efficient ways to care for young people (YP) with psychiatric emergencies. This study aims to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of intensive community care service (ICCS) compared to treatment as usual (TAU) for young people with psychiatric emergencies. METHODS This is a multicentre two-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) with an internal pilot phase. Young people aged 12 to < 18 considered for admission at participating NHS organizations across the UK will be randomized 1:1 to either TAU or ICCS. The primary outcome is the time to return to or start education, employment, or training (EET) at 6 months post-randomization. Secondary outcomes will include evaluations of mental health and overall well-being and patient satisfaction. Service use and costs and cost-effectiveness will also be explored. Intention-to-treat analysis will be adopted. The trial is expected to be completed within 42 months, with an internal pilot phase in the first 12 months to assess the recruitment feasibility. A process evaluation using visual semi-structured interviews will be conducted with 42 young people and 42 healthcare workers. DISCUSSION This trial is the first well-powered randomized controlled trial evaluating the clinical and cost-effectiveness of ICCS compared to TAU for young people with psychiatric emergencies in Great Britain. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN ISRCTN42999542, Registration on April 29, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Joe Clacey
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Jovanka Tolmac
- Central and North-West London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Leon Wehncke
- North-East London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Rhys Bevan-Jones
- Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Wales, UK
- Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | | | - Tauseef Mahdi
- Berkshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Bracknell, UK
| | | | - Mandy Wait
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Beckenham, UK
| | | | | | | | - Toby Zundel
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Beckenham, UK
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Jabeen N, Ullah W, Khalid J, Samad Z. Estimating antibiotics consumption in a tertiary care hospital in Islamabad using a WHO's defined daily dose methodology. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2023; 12:132. [PMID: 37996947 PMCID: PMC10666294 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-023-01311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotics have helped to reduce the incidence of common infectious diseases in all modern healthcare systems, but improper use of antibiotics including their overuse and misuse can change the bacteria so much that antibiotics don't work against them. In case of developing imposable selective pressure with regard to the proportion of hospitalized patients who receive antibiotics, the quantity of antibiotics that are prescribed to them, and the proportion of patients who receive antibiotic treatment is one of the major contributors to the rising global health issue of antimicrobial resistance. Concerning the levels of antibiotic consumption in Pakistani hospitals, there is negligible research data available. AIM This study aimed to evaluate five-year inpatient antibiotic use in a tertiary care hospital in Islamabad using the World Health Organization (WHO) Recommended Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification / Defined Daily Dose (DDD) methodology. METHOD It was a descriptive study involving a retrospective record review of pharmacy records of antibiotics dispensed (amount in grams) to patients across different specialties of the hospital from January 2017 to December 2021 (i.e., 60 consecutive months). The antibiotic consumption was calculated by using the DDD/100-Bed Days (BDs) formula, and then relative percent change was estimated using Microsoft Excel 2021 edition. RESULT A total of 148,483 (77%) patients who received antibiotics were included in the study out of 193,436 patients admitted in the hospital. Antibiotic consumption trends showed considerable fluctuations over a five-year period. It kept on declining irregularly from 2017 to 2019, inclined vigorously in 2020, and then suddenly dropped to the lowest DDD/100 BDs value (96.02) in the last year of the study. The overall percentage of encounters in which antibiotics were prescribed at tertiary care hospital was 77% which is very high compared to the WHO standard reference value (< 30%). WATCH group antibiotics were prescribed (76%) and consumed more within inpatient settings than Access (12%) and Reserve (12%) antibiotics. CONCLUSION The hospital antibiotic consumption data is well maintained across different inpatient specialties but it is largely non-aligned with WHO AWaRe (Access-Watch-Reserve) antibiotics use and optimization during 2017-2021. Compared to the WHO standard reference figure, the overall percentage of antibiotics encountered was higher by about 47%. Antibiotic consumption trends vary with a slight increase in hospital occupancy rate, with positive relative changes being lower in number but higher in proportion than negative changes. Although the hospital antibiotics policy is in place but seems not to be followed with a high degree of adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Jabeen
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | | | - Zia Samad
- National Tuberculosis Control Program, Islamabad Capital Territory, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Murless-Collins S, Kawaza K, Salim N, Molyneux EM, Chiume M, Aluvaala J, Macharia WM, Ezeaka VC, Odedere O, Shamba D, Tillya R, Penzias RE, Ezenwa BN, Ohuma EO, Cross JH, Lawn JE. Blood culture versus antibiotic use for neonatal inpatients in 61 hospitals implementing with the NEST360 Alliance in Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, and Tanzania: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:568. [PMID: 37968606 PMCID: PMC10652421 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04343-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thirty million small and sick newborns worldwide require inpatient care each year. Many receive antibiotics for clinically diagnosed infections without blood cultures, the current 'gold standard' for neonatal infection detection. Low neonatal blood culture use hampers appropriate antibiotic use, fuelling antimicrobial resistance (AMR) which threatens newborn survival. This study analysed the gap between blood culture use and antibiotic prescribing in hospitals implementing with Newborn Essential Solutions and Technologies (NEST360) in Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, and Tanzania. METHODS Inpatient data from every newborn admission record (July 2019-August 2022) were included to describe hospital-level blood culture use and antibiotic prescription. Health Facility Assessment data informed performance categorisation of hospitals into four tiers: (Tier 1) no laboratory, (Tier 2) laboratory but no microbiology, (Tier 3) neonatal blood culture use < 50% of newborns receiving antibiotics, and (Tier 4) neonatal blood culture use > 50%. RESULTS A total of 144,146 newborn records from 61 hospitals were analysed. Mean hospital antibiotic prescription was 70% (range = 25-100%), with 6% mean blood culture use (range = 0-56%). Of the 10,575 blood cultures performed, only 24% (95%CI 23-25) had results, with 10% (10-11) positivity. Overall, 40% (24/61) of hospitals performed no blood cultures for newborns. No hospitals were categorised as Tier 1 because all had laboratories. Of Tier 2 hospitals, 87% (20/23) were District hospitals. Most hospitals could do blood cultures (38/61), yet the majority were categorised as Tier 3 (36/61). Only two hospitals performed > 50% blood cultures for newborns on antibiotics (Tier 4). CONCLUSIONS The two Tier 4 hospitals, with higher use of blood cultures for newborns, underline potential for higher blood culture coverage in other similar hospitals. Understanding why these hospitals are positive outliers requires more research into local barriers and enablers to performing blood cultures. Tier 3 facilities are missing opportunities for infection detection, and quality improvement strategies in neonatal units could increase coverage rapidly. Tier 2 facilities could close coverage gaps, but further laboratory strengthening is required. Closing this culture gap is doable and a priority for advancing locally-driven antibiotic stewardship programmes, preventing AMR, and reducing infection-related newborn deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Murless-Collins
- Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive, & Child Health (MARCH) Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Kondwani Kawaza
- Department of Paediatrics, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Nahya Salim
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Elizabeth M Molyneux
- Department of Paediatrics, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Msandeni Chiume
- Department of Paediatrics, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Jalemba Aluvaala
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | - Opeyemi Odedere
- Rice360 Institute for Global Health Technologies, Rice University, Texas, USA
| | - Donat Shamba
- Department of Health Systems, Impact Evaluation and Policy, Ifakara Health Institute, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Robert Tillya
- Department of Health Systems, Impact Evaluation and Policy, Ifakara Health Institute, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Rebecca E Penzias
- Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive, & Child Health (MARCH) Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Eric O Ohuma
- Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive, & Child Health (MARCH) Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - James H Cross
- Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive, & Child Health (MARCH) Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Joy E Lawn
- Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive, & Child Health (MARCH) Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Katz DE, Leibner G, Esayag Y, Kaufman N, Brammli-Greenberg S, Rose AJ. Using the Elixhauser risk adjustment model to predict outcomes among patients hospitalized in internal medicine at a large, tertiary-care hospital in Israel. Isr J Health Policy Res 2023; 12:32. [PMID: 37915059 PMCID: PMC10619247 DOI: 10.1186/s13584-023-00580-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Israel, internal medicine admissions are currently reimbursed without accounting for patient complexity. This is at odds with most other developed countries and has the potential to lead to market distortions such as avoiding sicker patients. Our objective was to apply a well-known, freely available risk adjustment model, the Elixhauser model, to predict relevant outcomes among patients hospitalized on the internal medicine service of a large, Israeli tertiary-care hospital. METHODS We used data from the Shaare Zedek Medical Center, a large tertiary referral hospital in Jerusalem. The study included 55,946 hospitalizations between 01.01.2016 and 31.12.2019. We modeled four patient outcomes: in-hospital mortality, escalation of care (intensive care unit (ICU) transfer, mechanical ventilation, daytime bi-level positive pressure ventilation, or vasopressors), 30-day readmission, and length of stay (LOS). We log-transformed LOS to address right skew. As is usual with the Elixhauser model, we identified 29 comorbid conditions using international classification of diseases codes, clinical modification, version 9. We derived and validated the coefficients for these 29 variables using split-sample derivation and validation. We checked model fit using c-statistics and R2, and model calibration using a Hosmer-Lemeshow test. RESULTS The Elixhauser model achieved acceptable prediction of the three binary outcomes, with c-statistics of 0.712, 0.681, and 0.605 to predict in-hospital mortality, escalation of care, and 30-day readmission respectively. The c-statistic did not decrease in the validation set (0.707, 0.687, and 0.603, respectively), suggesting that the models are not overfitted. The model to predict log length of stay achieved an R2 of 0.102 in the derivation set and 0.101 in the validation set. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test did not suggest issues with model calibration. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that a freely-available risk adjustment model can achieve acceptable prediction of important clinical outcomes in a dataset of patients admitted to a large, Israeli tertiary-care hospital. This model could potentially be used as a basis for differential payment by patient complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Katz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B. 3235, 9103102, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Gideon Leibner
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Nechama Kaufman
- Department of Quality and Patient Safety, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shuli Brammli-Greenberg
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adam J Rose
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Schoffer O, Schriefer D, Werblow A, Gottschalk A, Peschel P, Liang LA, Karmann A, Klug SJ. Modelling the effect of demographic change and healthcare infrastructure on the patient structure in German hospitals - a longitudinal national study based on official hospital statistics. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:1081. [PMID: 37821860 PMCID: PMC10566170 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10056-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effects of demographic change, such as declining birth rates and increasing individual life expectancy, require health system adjustments offering age- and needs-based care. In addition, healthcare factors can also influence health services demand. METHODS The official German hospital statistics database with odd-numbered years between 1995 and 2011 was analysed. This is a national comprehensive database of all general hospital inpatient services delivered. Official data from hospital statistics were linked at the district level with demographic and socio-economic data as well as population figures from the official regional statistics. Panel data regression, modelling case numbers per hospital, was performed for 13 diagnosis groups that characterised the patient structure. Socio-demographic variables included age, sex, household income, and healthcare factors included bed capacity, personnel and hospital characteristics. RESULTS The median number of annual treatments per hospital increased from 6 015 (5th and 95th percentile [670; 24 812]) in 1995 to 7 817 in 2011 (5th and 95th percentile [301; 33 651]). We developed models characterising the patient structure of health care in Germany, considering both socio-demographic and hospital factors. Demographic factors influenced case numbers across all major diagnosis groups. For example, the age groups 65-74 and 75 + influenced cerebrovascular disease case numbers (p < 0.001). Other important factors included human and material resources of hospitals or the household income of patients. Distinct differences between the models for the individual diagnosis groups were observed. CONCLUSIONS Hospital planning should not only consider demographic change but also hospital infrastructure and socio-economic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Schoffer
- Center for Evidence-based Healthcare, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, Dresden, 01307, Germany.
- Chair of Epidemiology, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Dirk Schriefer
- Chair of Epidemiology, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Werblow
- Health Economics Centre and Faculty of Business and Economics, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrea Gottschalk
- Institute For Medical informatics and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Peschel
- Health Sciences and Public Health, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Linda A Liang
- Chair of Epidemiology, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Karmann
- Health Economics Centre and Faculty of Business and Economics, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefanie J Klug
- Chair of Epidemiology, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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13
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Clark CA, Turner K, Kuntz J, Perri A, Deegan A, Marriott B, Graham S, Rahman A, McMorris CA. COVID-19 and Neurodevelopmental Disabilities: Examining the Impact of the First 2 Years of the Pandemic on the Demand for Pediatric Inpatient Care. J Autism Dev Disord 2023:10.1007/s10803-023-06136-x. [PMID: 37794177 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-06136-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has strained the resources of the world's healthcare systems. Most individuals with neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDDs) experience significant mental health issues and face substantial barriers in accessing appropriate supports which have been exacerbated during the pandemic. It is unknown the extent to which COVID-19 impacted the demand for and effectiveness of inpatient care for those with NDDs. The impact of COVID-19 on the number of admissions of youth with NDDs to pediatric inpatient psychiatry units, as well as their functioning and length of stay during the first two years of the pandemic was analyzed using Bayesian structural time series models. Admission data of youth with NDDs from four pediatric inpatient units in Alberta, Canada (n = 2144) was examined. Inpatient admissions of youth with NDDs significantly increased following the onset of the pandemic. Compared to the period prior to the pandemic, patients with NDDs had significantly worse overall functioning and received fewer days of treatment. These findings highlight the need for increased resources to support the mental health needs of this vulnerable population and are consistent with other studies in the general population examining the utilization of inpatient psychiatric units during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris A Clark
- Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Owerko Centre, ACHRI, Third Floor-CDC Building, #355, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N, Canada.
| | - Kailyn Turner
- Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Owerko Centre, ACHRI, Third Floor-CDC Building, #355, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N, Canada
- Owerko Centre at the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jennifer Kuntz
- Child and Adolescent Addition, Mental Health and Psychiatry Program, Alberta Health Services (AHS), Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Andrea Perri
- Child and Adolescent Addition, Mental Health and Psychiatry Program, Alberta Health Services (AHS), Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Avril Deegan
- Child and Adolescent Addition, Mental Health and Psychiatry Program, Alberta Health Services (AHS), Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Brian Marriott
- Child and Adolescent Addition, Mental Health and Psychiatry Program, Alberta Health Services (AHS), Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Susan Graham
- Owerko Centre at the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Abdul Rahman
- Child and Adolescent Addition, Mental Health and Psychiatry Program, Alberta Health Services (AHS), Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Carly A McMorris
- Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Owerko Centre, ACHRI, Third Floor-CDC Building, #355, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N, Canada
- Owerko Centre at the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Keiller E, Masood S, Wong BHC, Avent C, Bediako K, Bird RM, Boege I, Casanovas M, Dobler VB, James M, Kiernan J, Martinez-Herves M, Ngo TVT, Pascual-Sanchez A, Pilecka I, Plener PL, Prillinger K, Lim IS, Saour T, Singh N, Skouta E, Steffen M, Tolmac J, Velani H, Woolhouse R, Zundel T, Ougrin D. Intensive community care services for children and young people in psychiatric crisis: an expert opinion. BMC Med 2023; 21:303. [PMID: 37563713 PMCID: PMC10413710 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02986-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and young people's (CYP) mental health is worsening, and an increasing number are seeking psychiatric and mental health care. Whilst many CYPs with low-to-medium levels of psychiatric distress can be treated in outpatient services, CYPs in crisis often require inpatient hospital treatment. Although necessary in many cases, inpatient care can be distressing for CYPs and their families. Amongst other things, inpatient stays often isolate CYPs from their support networks and disrupt their education. In response to such limitations, and in order to effectively support CYPs with complex mental health needs, intensive community-based treatment models, which are known in this paper as intensive community care services (ICCS), have been developed. Although ICCS have been developed in a number of settings, there is, at present, little to no consensus of what ICCS entails. METHODS A group of child and adolescent mental health clinicians, researchers and academics convened in London in January 2023. They met to discuss and agree upon the minimum requirements of ICCS. The discussion was semi-structured and used the Dartmouth Assertive Community Treatment Fidelity Scale as a framework. Following the meeting, the agreed features of ICCS, as described in this paper, were written up. RESULTS ICCS was defined as a service which provides treatment primarily outside of hospital in community settings such as the school or home. Alongside this, ICCS should provide at least some out-of-hours support, and a minimum of 90% of CYPs should be supported at least twice per week. The maximum caseload should be approximately 5 clients per full time equivalent (FTE), and the minimum number of staff for an ICCS team should be 4 FTE. The group also confirmed the importance of supporting CYPs engagement with their communities and the need to remain flexible in treatment provision. Finally, the importance of robust evaluation utilising tools including the Children's Global Assessment Scale were agreed. CONCLUSIONS This paper presents the agreed minimum requirements of intensive community-based psychiatric care. Using the parameters laid out herein, clinicians, academics, and related colleagues working in ICCS should seek to further develop the evidence base for this treatment model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cerian Avent
- Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Isabel Boege
- Medical University Graz & ZfP Südwürttemberg, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Maya James
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Beckenham, UK
| | - Jane Kiernan
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Beckenham, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nidhita Singh
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Beckenham, UK
| | - Eirini Skouta
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Beckenham, UK
| | | | - Jovanka Tolmac
- Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Hemma Velani
- Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Toby Zundel
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Beckenham, UK
| | - Dennis Ougrin
- East London NHS Foundation Trust & Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Khodakarami N, Akinlotan MA, Callaghan T, Primm KM, Vadali M, Bolin J, Ferdinand AO. Factors associated with hospitalizations for co-occurring HIV and opioid-related diagnoses: Evidence from the national inpatient sample, 2009-2017. Prev Med Rep 2023; 34:102225. [PMID: 37214165 PMCID: PMC10199244 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been evidence of rising HIV incidence attributable to opioid misuse within some areas of the U.S. The purpose of our study was to explore national trends in co-occurring HIV and opioid-related hospitalizations and to identify their risk factors. We used the 2009-2017 National Inpatient Sample to indicate hospitalizations with co-occurring HIV and opioid misuse diagnoses. We estimated the frequency of such hospitalizations per year. We fitted a linear regression to the annual HIV-opioid co-occurrences with year as a predictor. The resulting regression did not reveal any significant temporal changes. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine the adjusted odds (AOR) of hospitalization for co-occurring HIV and opioid-related diagnoses. The odds of hospitalization were lower for rural residents (AOR = 0.28; CI = 0.24-0.32) than urban. Females (AOR = 0.95, CI = 0.89-0.99) had lower odds of hospitalization than males. Patients identifying as White (AOR = 1.23, CI = 1.00-1.50) and Black (AOR = 1.27, CI = 1.02-1.57) had higher odds of hospitalization than other races. When compared to co-occuring hospitalizations in the Midwest, the odds were higher in the Northeast. (AOR = 2.56, CI = 2.07-3.17) Future research should explore the extent to which similar findings occur in the context of mortality and targeted interventions should intesify for subpopulations at highest risk of co-occuring HIV and opioid misuse diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Khodakarami
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Health Policy & Administration, United States
| | - Marvellous A. Akinlotan
- Texas A&M University College of Nursing, United States
- Southwest Rural Health Research Center, Texas A&M University School of Public Health, United States
| | - Timothy Callaghan
- Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, United States
| | - Kristin M. Primm
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, United States
| | - Meera Vadali
- Southwest Rural Health Research Center, Texas A&M University School of Public Health, United States
| | - Jane Bolin
- Texas A&M University College of Nursing, United States
- Southwest Rural Health Research Center, Texas A&M University School of Public Health, United States
- Department of Health Policy & Management, Texas A&M School of Public Health, United States
| | - Alva O. Ferdinand
- Southwest Rural Health Research Center, Texas A&M University School of Public Health, United States
- Department of Health Policy & Management, Texas A&M School of Public Health, United States
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Ohneberg C, Stöbich N, Warmbein A, Rathgeber I, Mehler-Klamt AC, Fischer U, Eberl I. Assistive robotic systems in nursing care: a scoping review. BMC Nurs 2023; 22:72. [PMID: 36934280 PMCID: PMC10024291 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01230-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of assistive robotic systems in care is intended to relieve nursing staff. Differentiated and literature-based findings on current application possibilities, technological developments and empirical findings are necessary to enable a goal-oriented and participatory development of assistive robotic systems of care. The aim of this review was to identify assistive robotic systems and their areas of application in nursing settings. Furthermore, an overview of existing social and nursing science findings from the research field of assistive robotic systems will be described. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed based on the JBI scoping review methodology. During the period from May to August 2020, the databases MEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore Digital Library were searched. In order to reflect current developments and evidence in the present literature work, a supplementary search with these same requirements was conducted in January 2022. RESULTS The 47 included publications are divided into 15 studies, 23 technical articles and nine opinion-based articles (text-opinion). A total of 39 different assistive robotic systems were identified. There were 55% in the testing phase and 29% of the systems in the development phase. Assistive robotic systems can be divided into six fields of application: Information and patient data processing, assistance with activities of daily living, fetch and bring activities, telepresence and communication, monitoring, safety and navigation, and complex assistance systems. The description of the study findings is divided into "integration of technology and impact on practice" and "attitude and acceptance of elderly people towards assistive robotic systems". CONCLUSION The results of the research show that the use of assistive robotic systems in care mainly take place in the context of development and testing phases. In addition to usability and acceptance issues, implementation factors must be integrated into theory-driven research projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Ohneberg
- Professorship of Nursing Science, Faculty of Social Work, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Kapuzinergasse 2, 85072, Eichstätt, Germany.
| | - Nicole Stöbich
- Professorship of Nursing Science, Faculty of Social Work, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Kapuzinergasse 2, 85072, Eichstätt, Germany
| | - Angelika Warmbein
- Clinical Nursing Research and Quality Management Unit, University Hospital LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Ivanka Rathgeber
- Clinical Nursing Research and Quality Management Unit, University Hospital LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Amrei Christin Mehler-Klamt
- Professorship of Nursing Science, Faculty of Social Work, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Kapuzinergasse 2, 85072, Eichstätt, Germany
| | - Uli Fischer
- Clinical Nursing Research and Quality Management Unit, University Hospital LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Inge Eberl
- Professorship of Nursing Science, Faculty of Social Work, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Kapuzinergasse 2, 85072, Eichstätt, Germany
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Altwicker-Hámori S, Stucki M. Factors associated with the choice of supplementary hospital insurance in Switzerland - an analysis of the Swiss Health Survey. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:264. [PMID: 36927575 PMCID: PMC10018950 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09221-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Switzerland has universal coverage via mandatory health insurance that covers a generous basket of health services. In addition to the basic coverage, the insured can buy supplementary insurance for the inpatient sector. Supplementary hospital insurance in Switzerland provides additional services during inpatient stays. Little is known about which factors are associated with the choice of semi-private and private hospital insurances. However, this is of importance to policy makers and the insured population, who might be concerned about a "two-class" inpatient care system. Therefore, the aim of the paper was to explore the factors associated with supplementary hospital insurance enrolment in Switzerland. METHODS We used the five most recent waves of the representative Swiss Health Survey (1997, 2002, 2007, 2012, 2017) to explore which factors are associated with supplementary hospital insurance enrolment in adults aged 25 or older. We estimated the same probit model for all five surveys waves and computed average marginal effects. RESULTS Our study shows that in all cross-sections the likelihood of enrolling in supplementary hospital insurance increased with higher age, education, household income and was higher for people with a strong preference for unrestricted choice of a specialist and with a higher-than-default deductible choice. The likelihood of supplementary hospital insurance enrolment was lower for the unemployed relative to their inactive counterparts and those living in rural areas relative to comparable urban residents. Ever-smoker status was not statistically significantly associated with supplementary hospital insurance choice. However, our findings indicated differences in estimates over the years regarding demographic as well as insurance-related variables. For example, women were more likely to choose supplementary hospital insurance than comparable men in earlier years. CONCLUSION Most importantly, our results indicate that factors related to socioeconomic status - such as education, labour market status, and income - consistently show significant associations with the probability of having supplementary hospital insurance for the entire study period, as opposed to demographic variables - such as nationality and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Altwicker-Hámori
- Institute of Public Health, School of Health Sciences, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Katharina-Sulzer-Platz 9, Winterthur, 8400, Switzerland
| | - Michael Stucki
- Winterthur Institute of Health Economics, School of Management and Law, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Gertrudstrasse 15, Winterthur, 8401, Switzerland.
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Lützerath J, Bleier H, Stassen G, Schaller A. Influencing factors on the health of nurses-a regression analysis considering individual and organizational determinants in Germany. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:100. [PMID: 36717808 PMCID: PMC9887838 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09106-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The care sector is characterized by high absenteeism of nursing care employees due to illness. Organizational determinants that can affect the mental health of nurses are known. Although nurses are confronted with different framework conditions in different care settings, there is a lack of comparative data in Germany. METHODS The purpose of this study was to examined the relationship between work demands and employee health in different care settings. This cross-sectional survey was conducted between June and October 2021 in four acute care hospitals, seven inpatient care facilities, and five outpatient care services in Germany. 528 nursing care employees (acute care hospitals n = 234; inpatient care facilities n = 152; outpatient care services n = 142) participated in the survey (participation rate: 22.6%-27.9%). For each care setting, data was collected via questionnaire on individual determinants (gender, age, profession, working time), organizational work demands (quantitative workload, qualitative workload, organization of work, social work climate, after work situation, verbal violence, threats, physical violence) and employee health (subjective health status and work ability). Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regressions were performed. RESULTS Increasing age (OR = 0.650, 95% CI = 0.424-0.996) as an individual determinant and organization of work (OR = 0.595, CI = 0.362-0.978) as an organizational determinant were negatively associated with subjective health. Furthermore, age (OR = 0.555, 95% CI = 0.353-0.875), a demanding organization of work (OR = 0.520, CI = 0.315-0.858), increasing quantitative workloads (OR = 0.565, CI = 0.343-0.930) and a poorer perceived social work climate (OR = 0.610, CI = 0.376-0.991) were associated with lower work ability. CONCLUSIONS Based on the study results, health programs should target both individual and organizational factors. The findings seem to support the importance to include nursing care employees in the planning process, as it can have an impact on their health. TRIAL REGISTRATION The project was registered in the German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS00024961, 09/04/2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Lützerath
- grid.27593.3a0000 0001 2244 5164Working Group Physical Activity-Related Prevention Research, Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement-Oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany ,Institute for Workplace Health Promotion, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hannah Bleier
- grid.27593.3a0000 0001 2244 5164Working Group Physical Activity-Related Prevention Research, Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement-Oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Gerrit Stassen
- grid.27593.3a0000 0001 2244 5164Working Group Physical Activity-Related Prevention Research, Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement-Oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Schaller
- grid.27593.3a0000 0001 2244 5164Working Group Physical Activity-Related Prevention Research, Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement-Oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
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Thomas AR, Dash U, Sahu SK. Illnesses and hardship financing in India: an evaluation of inpatient and outpatient cases, 2014-18. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:204. [PMID: 36717824 PMCID: PMC9887799 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progress towards universal health coverage requires strengthening the country's health system. In developing countries, the increasing disease burden puts a lot of stress on scarce household finances. However, this burden is not the same for everyone. The economic burden varies across the disease groups and care levels. Government intervention is vital in formulating policies in addressing financial distress at the household level. In India, even when outpatient care forms a significant proportion of out-of-pocket expenditure, government schemes focus on reducing household expenditure on inpatient care alone. Thus, people resort to hardship financing practices like informal borrowing or selling of assets in the event of health shocks. In this context, the present study aims to identify the disease(s) that correlates with maximum hardship financing for outpatients and inpatients and to understand the change in hardship financing over time. METHODS We used two waves of National Sample Survey Organisation's data on social consumption on health- the 71st and the 75th rounds. Descriptive statistics are reported, and logistic regression is carried out to explain the adjusted impact of illness on hardship financing. Pooled logistic regression of the two rounds is estimated for inpatients and outpatients. Marginal effects are reported to study the changes in hardship financing over time. RESULTS The results suggest that cancer had the maximum likelihood of causing hardship financing in India for both inpatients (Odds ratio 2.41; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 2.03 - 2.86 (71st round), 2.54; 95% CI: 2.21 - 2.93 (75th round)) and outpatients (Odds ratio 6.11; 95% CI: 2.95 - 12.64 (71st round), 3.07; 95% CI: 2.14 - 4.40 (75th round)). In 2018, for outpatients, the hardship financing for health care needs was higher at public health facilities, compared to private health facilities (Odds ratio 0.72; 95% CI: 0.62 - 0.83 (75th round). The marginal effects model of pooled cross-section analysis reveals that from 2014 to 2018, the hardship financing had decreased for inpatients (Odds ratio 0.747; 95% CI:0.80 - -0.70), whereas it had increased for outpatients (Odds ratio 0.0126; 95% CI: 0.01 - 0.02). Our results also show that the likelihood of resorting to hardship financing for illness among women was lesser than that of men. CONCLUSION Government intervention is quintessential to decrease the hardship financing caused by cancer. The intra-household inequalities play an important role in explaining their hardship financing strategies. We suggest the need for more financial risk protection for outpatient care to address hardship financing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Rachel Thomas
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.
| | - Umakant Dash
- grid.462428.e0000 0004 0500 1504Institute of Rural Management Anand (IRMA), Anand, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Sahu
- grid.417969.40000 0001 2315 1926Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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Ohneberg C, Warmbein A, Stöbich N, Rathgeber I, Kruppa A, Nast-Kolb J, Träger MF, Bahou A, Stahl O, Eberl I, Fischer U. Study protocol for the implementation and evaluation of a digital-robotic-based intervention for nurses and patients in a hospital: a quantitative and qualitative triangulation based on the Medical Research Council (MRC) framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions. BMC Nurs 2022; 21:349. [PMID: 36494679 PMCID: PMC9733387 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-022-01088-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses spend part of their working time on non-nursing tasks. Unnecessary walking distances and the assumption of service activities and other non-care-related tasks take up a lot of space, which reduces the time for direct patient care and demonstrably increases the dissatisfaction of the persons involved. The REsPonSe project aims to relieve nursing staff by using a smartphone app for communication in combination with an autonomous service robot to reduce walking distances and service activities. The technical systems are tested on a nuclear medicine ward and are intended to reduce the radiation exposure of the staff. The aim of this study is to test and evaluate the use and intervention of the technical systems, the acceptance of the users and the change in the utilisation of the nursing service. In addition to findings on usability and manageability, effects on nursing practice, as well as facilitating and inhibiting contextual factors for implementation, will be identified. METHODS The Medical Research Council (MRC) Framework for Developing and Evaluating for Complex Interventions was chosen as the theoretical basis. The data collection in the Feasibility and Evaluation phase is a triangulation of quantitative and qualitative methods. Standardised observations are planned to collect data on non-care activities and walking distances, and a survey of utilisation by use of a questionnaire based on the NASA TLX. Qualitative individual interviews with patients and group discussions with nursing staff will be conducted. Statements on the subjective experiences, as well as the evaluation of the use of the digital-robotic system in the clinical setting, will be collected. The descriptive evaluation of the usage and retrieval data will provide information on duration, time, requests, and reduced contact times, as well as error and fault messages. DISCUSSION The evaluation study will make it possible to represent a variety of perspectives from different interest groups. The results should contribute to the definition of implementation and evaluation criteria and facilitate the integration of digital-robotic assistance systems in nursing acute inpatient settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered with the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) on 16.02.2022: DRKS00028127.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Ohneberg
- grid.440923.80000 0001 1245 5350Professorship of Nursing Science, Faculty of Social Work, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Kapuzinergasse 2, 85072 Eichstätt, Germany
| | - Angelika Warmbein
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Clinical Nursing Research and Quality Management Unit, University Hospital LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Stöbich
- grid.440923.80000 0001 1245 5350Professorship of Nursing Science, Faculty of Social Work, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Kapuzinergasse 2, 85072 Eichstätt, Germany
| | - Ivanka Rathgeber
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Clinical Nursing Research and Quality Management Unit, University Hospital LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Astrid Kruppa
- Cliniserve GmbH, Balanstr. 73/10, 81541 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Aissam Bahou
- Robotise AG, Otto-Hahn-Ring 6, Building 60, 81739 Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Stahl
- Robotise AG, Otto-Hahn-Ring 6, Building 60, 81739 Munich, Germany
| | - Inge Eberl
- grid.440923.80000 0001 1245 5350Professorship of Nursing Science, Faculty of Social Work, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Kapuzinergasse 2, 85072 Eichstätt, Germany
| | - Uli Fischer
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Clinical Nursing Research and Quality Management Unit, University Hospital LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Dreger M. Exploring determinants and regional variation of diagnostic imaging utilization rates in German inpatient care. Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes 2022; 175:76-80. [PMID: 36335010 DOI: 10.1016/j.zefq.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Germany ranks high concerning the per capita supply of computer tomographs (CT) and positron emission tomographs (PET) which may incentivize supply-induced use. Beyond that, international comparison shows high per capita examinations. However, misuse of diagnostic imaging may cause harm to patients and the health care system. The use of diagnostic imaging in Germany has been insufficiently studied so far. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the extent of regional differences as well as supply and demand side factors of per capita CT and PET examinations in German inpatient care. METHODS Cartographic visualizations and a random intercept model controlling for the regional disease burden, ambulatory provided supply and demand, and population deprivation between 2010 and 2017 for CT and between 2016 and 2017 for PET were applied. For this purpose, the Nationwide hospital discharge data (DRG statistics), hospital structured quality reports, the National Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians, the Central Research Institute of Ambulatory Health Care in Germany, and the German Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation were used. RESULTS We found a substantial regional variation of examination rates (-63 to +108% for CT and from -94 up to +847% for PET). Regarding PET, the supply structures have a significant impact on examinations per 1,000 inhabitants (28.46, p < .000). Both devices were used in correlation with the regional disease burden. Ambulatory and inpatient CT examination rates were positively associated. DISCUSSION The regional differences identified are to some extent attributable to the regional burden of disease and thus warranted. Although the inpatient PET supply influences utilization rates, the direction of the effect should be investigated more closely for valid statements. The findings in terms of CT should be treated with caution. The cartographic distribution and examination rates indicate global overuse. The clear separation of inpatient and ambulatory sectors leads to misallocation of scarce resources, medically unnecessary multiple examinations, and capacity utilization problems. CONCLUSION The results obtained have great potential for assessing and analyzing the adoption and rapid expansion of imaging technologies. Capacity utilization figures should be the focus of further research to assess utilization rates both economically and medically. Policy makers should address ongoing issues of operational and organizational separation of inpatient and ambulatory sectors in the German health care system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Dreger
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Health Care Management, Berlin, Germany.
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22
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND RESEARCH QUESTION This article presents and analyses the landscape for inpatient child and adolescent psychiatric care in Austria and examines current data from June 2022. METHOD In June 2022, the authors surveyed the current status of child and adolescent psychiatric primary care in Austria. Both systemised beds and day hospital beds as well as the number of specialists and assistant doctors were taken into account. RESULTS A bed index of 0.05 beds/1000 inhabitants (as of 6/2022) was calculated, which is below the guideline for beds needed and does not correspond with the need depicted for sufficient provision of care ("Österreichischer Strukturplan Gesundheit"). Moreover, in June 2022, 40 beds had to be closed due to staff shortages and 26.5 training positions were vacant across Austria. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Even though the training ratio was raised to 1:2 as of 07.02.2022 within the framework of the "Mangelfachverordnung" for a limited period of time until 31.05.2027, it is hardly possible to guarantee sufficient mental health care according to the increased demand for child and adolescent psychiatry, especially in times of the pandemic. Measures need to be urgently taken to improve child and adolescent psychiatric treatment options. In order to ensure adequate care for the increasing number of mentally ill children and adolescents (a) the number of beds must be increased, (b) structural deficits have to improve, and (c) innovative treatment options in the sense of inpatient-equivalent treatment (home treatment) has to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Sevecke
- Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Christoph-Probst-Platz, Innrain 52, 6020, Innsbruck, Österreich.
- Abteilung für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Tirol Kliniken, Milser Straße 10, 6060, Hall i. T., Österreich.
| | - Anna Wenter
- Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Christoph-Probst-Platz, Innrain 52, 6020, Innsbruck, Österreich
- Institut für Psychologie, Fakultät für Psychologie und Sportwissenschaft, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 6020, Innsbruck, Österreich
| | - Isabel Böge
- Universitätsklinikum Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 1, 8036, Graz, Österreich
- Abteilung für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, LKH II, Wagner-Jauregg Platz 1, 8053, Graz, Österreich
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Beckett M, Hering R, Urbanoski K. Inpatient care provider perspectives on the development and implementation of an addiction medicine consultation service in a small urban setting. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2022; 17:70. [PMID: 36303182 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-022-00497-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate provider perspectives on the development and implementation of an inpatient Addiction Medicine Consult Service, including their awareness of the service, its perceived role in the continuum of care, and changes over time in their perceptions of care quality for inpatients with substance use disorders. METHODS Repeated cross-sectional survey of hospital-based physicians, nurses and social workers performed at service launch (April-June, 2017) and 4 years later (March-June, 2021). RESULTS Providers had generally positive perceptions of the service and its impact on care quality, but encountered significant barriers at both time points in meeting patient needs (related to high patient complexity and difficulty connecting patients with community services post-discharge). Relative to physicians and social workers, nurses were less likely to be familiar with the service or see it as beneficial. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that the service fills a gap that existed previously in the local system of care; however, numerous opportunities exist to further strengthen the system beyond the hospital setting to promote longer-term health among people who use substances. For nurses in particular, outreach, education, and other resources (e.g., dedicated nursing role support, nurse liaison) are warranted to ensure that nurses feel supported and confident caring for this patient population.
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Siddique SM, Mehta SJ, Parsikia A, Neuman MD, Lewis JD. Hospital Performance for Gastrointestinal Bleeding Mortality, Length of Stay, and Complication Rates in the USA. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:4678-4686. [PMID: 35031875 PMCID: PMC10045790 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07345-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospitals are held accountable for quality metrics, through public reporting programs and by payers. However, little is known about hospital performance in GIB nationally. METHODS A retrospective longitudinal analysis utilizing Vizient's database was performed to identify GIB hospitalizations across 349 hospitals from 2016 to 2018. The primary outcome was risk-adjusted mortality; secondary outcomes included risk-adjusted length of stay and complication rate. Trends in performance were characterized using quintiles, with analysis of concordance within hospitals and across hospitals over time. Pearson's correlation coefficients were performed to assess the relationship among metrics. RESULTS 28.1% of hospitals had a steadily improving risk-adjusted mortality index from 2016 to 2018, while 15.5% were steadily worsening in mortality. For LOS, 25.2% of hospitals were improving, while 22.4% deteriorated. For complication rate, 22.9% of hospitals steadily improved, while 19.2% of hospitals deteriorated. Although many hospitals improved substantially in one outcome, they did not necessarily improve in all outcomes. Of the 98 hospitals that steadily improved in mortality from 2016 to 2018, only 8 out of 98 steadily improved in all three outcomes (8.3%). Across all 3 years, mortality was weakly correlated with LOS (r = 0.22, p < 0.001), but not with the rate of complications (r = 0.08, p = 0.12). CONCLUSION Hospital performance metrics for GIB, such as mortality, length of stay, and complication rate, are weakly correlated and thus likely measure different aspects of care. While many hospitals improved over time, few hospitals improved in all three metrics. Additionally, many hospitals are deteriorating over time, and further research is needed to determine which care processes are associated with better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Mehmood Siddique
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, 7th floor Gastroenterology, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
| | - Shivan J Mehta
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, 7th floor Gastroenterology, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Afshin Parsikia
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, 7th floor Gastroenterology, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mark D Neuman
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - James D Lewis
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, 7th floor Gastroenterology, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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Pokorná A, Dolanová D, Benešová K, Búřilová P, Mužík J, Jarkovský J, Krupová L, Baťalík L, Klugarová J, Klugar M. How the COVID-19 pandemic influences the prevalence of pressure injuries in the Czech Republic: A nationwide analysis of a health registry in 2020. J Tissue Viability 2022; 31:424-430. [PMID: 35725785 PMCID: PMC9197563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 significantly influences the overall patient status and, in severe symptomatology, the ability to move and the low oxygenation of the tissue for the ventilated patient in Intensive Care Units (ICU). There is a higher risk for Pressure injuries (PIs) development. OBJECTIVES The nationwide analyses of the National health register aimed to compare the prevalence of PIs reported before the pandemic COVID-19 started and during the pandemic in 2020. METHOD A retrospective, nationwide cross-sectional analysis of data regarding the STROBE checklist collected by the National Health Information System (NHIS), focusing on the PIs reporting based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) diagnoses L89.0-L89.9 for PIs in 2020. The data from the pandemic period of COVID-19 in 2020 were compared to the prevalence of PI cases in the period 2010-2019 in the Czech Republic in all hospitalized patients. RESULTS The total number of admissions for L89 in 2020 was 14,441, of which 1509 (10.4%) also had COVID-19. In the ICU were 4386 admissions, 12.1% of which also had COVID-19. A higher proportion of PIs is observed in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 than in patients without COVID-19 (2.62% vs 0.81%, respectively 1.05% vs 0.46% when standardized to the 2013 ESP = European Standard Population). In patients hospitalized in ICU, 3.68% with COVID-19 had PIs vs 1.42% without COVID-19 had PIs (1.97% vs 0.81% using the 2013 ESP). CONCLUSION The national health registers analyses have proven that the prevalence of PIs was higher among patients hospitalized with the SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pokorná
- Department of Health Sciences, Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Kamenice 3, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic; Institute of Health Information and Statistics, Palackého Náměstí 4, Prague, 128 01, Czech Republic; Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 3, Brno, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Dana Dolanová
- Department of Health Sciences, Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Kamenice 3, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic,Institute of Health Information and Statistics, Palackého Náměstí 4, Prague, 128 01, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Benešová
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics, Palackého Náměstí 4, Prague, 128 01, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Búřilová
- Department of Health Sciences, Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Kamenice 3, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic,Institute of Health Information and Statistics, Palackého Náměstí 4, Prague, 128 01, Czech Republic,Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 3, Brno, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic,Department of Public Health, Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Kamenice 3, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mužík
- Department of Health Sciences, Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Kamenice 3, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic,Institute of Health Information and Statistics, Palackého Náměstí 4, Prague, 128 01, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Jarkovský
- Department of Health Sciences, Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Kamenice 3, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic,Institute of Health Information and Statistics, Palackého Náměstí 4, Prague, 128 01, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Krupová
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 1790/5, Ostrava, 708 00, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Baťalík
- Department of Public Health, Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Kamenice 3, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic,Department of Rehabilitation, University Hospital Brno, Jihlavska 20, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Klugarová
- Department of Health Sciences, Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Kamenice 3, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic,Institute of Health Information and Statistics, Palackého Náměstí 4, Prague, 128 01, Czech Republic,Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 3, Brno, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Klugar
- Department of Health Sciences, Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Kamenice 3, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic,Institute of Health Information and Statistics, Palackého Náměstí 4, Prague, 128 01, Czech Republic,Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 3, Brno, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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Carrier SL, Ponsford J, Phyland RK, Hicks AJ, McKay A. Effectiveness of Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Agitation during Post-Traumatic Amnesia following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review. Neuropsychol Rev 2022; 33:374-392. [PMID: 35687261 PMCID: PMC10148768 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-022-09544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Agitation is common in the early recovery period following traumatic brain injury (TBI), known as post-traumatic amnesia (PTA). Non-pharmacological interventions are frequently used to manage agitation, yet their efficacy is largely unknown. This systematic review aims to synthesize current evidence on the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for agitation during PTA in adults with TBI. Key databases searched included MEDLINE Ovid SP interface, PubMed, CINAHL, Excerpta Medica Database, PsycINFO and CENTRAL, with additional online reviewing of key journals and clinical trial registries to identify published or unpublished studies up to May 2020. Eligible studies included participants aged 16 years and older, showing agitated behaviours during PTA. Any non-pharmacological interventions for reducing agitation were considered, with any comparator accepted. Eligible studies were critically appraised for methodological quality using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Instruments and findings were reported in narrative form. Twelve studies were included in the review: two randomized cross-over trials, three quasi-experimental studies, four cases series and three case reports. Non-pharmacological interventions were music therapy, behavioural strategies and environmental modifications, physical restraints and electroconvulsive therapy. Key methodological concerns included absence of a control group, a lack of formalised agitation measurement and inconsistent concomitant use of pharmacology. Interventions involving music therapy had the highest level of evidence, although study quality was generally low to moderate. Further research is needed to evaluate non-pharmacological interventions for reducing agitation during PTA after TBI.Systematic review registration number: PROSPERO (CRD42020186802), registered May 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Carrier
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. .,Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Jennie Ponsford
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Australia.,Rehabilitation and Mental Health Division, Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ruby K Phyland
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amelia J Hicks
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adam McKay
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Australia.,Rehabilitation and Mental Health Division, Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Australia
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Neerukonda T, Richter KP, Hutcheson T, Cox LS, Ellerbeck EF, Mussulman L. Hospital-based tobacco treatment for inpatients with a history of cancer. Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 78:102123. [PMID: 35290905 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2022.102123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe treatment engagement and outcomes of patients who smoke with cancer and received tobacco cessation treatment during hospitalization. METHOD We analyzed treatment engagement and cessation outcomes for hospitalized patients who smoke with a current or former history of cancer receiving treatment from an inpatient tobacco treatment service between July, 2018 to October, 2019. RESULTS The service treated 407 inpatients. Patients had an overall high level of interest in quitting (7.6, 0-10 scale). One in three accepted cessation pharmacotherapies during hospitalization or at discharge (35%) and/or referral to the state tobacco quitline (37%). Of 189 patients reached at one-month post-discharge, 73 (39%) reported tobacco abstinence (18% intent to treat-ITT-quit rate); 35.5% had used cessation pharmacotherapy and 6.5% had engaged in quitline counseling. Of 151 patients reached at 6 months post-discharge, 29% reported abstinence (11%, ITT). CONCLUSION Inpatients with a history of cancer are interested in quitting. Post-discharge quit rates and pharmacotherapy use were high but quitline use was low. Hospitalization is an under-utilized, prime treatment opportunity and teachable moment for people with a history of cancer who continue to use tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanuja Neerukonda
- HCA Florida Brandon Hospital Department of Internal Medicine, 119 Oakfield Drive, Brandon, FL 33511, USA; University of Kansas School of Medicine Department of Population Health, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Kimber P Richter
- University of Kansas School of Medicine Department of Population Health, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; University of Kansas Cancer Center, 4000 Cambridge Street, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Tresza Hutcheson
- University of Kansas School of Medicine Department of Population Health, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Lisa Sanderson Cox
- University of Kansas School of Medicine Department of Population Health, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; University of Kansas Cancer Center, 4000 Cambridge Street, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Edward F Ellerbeck
- University of Kansas School of Medicine Department of Population Health, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; University of Kansas Cancer Center, 4000 Cambridge Street, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Laura Mussulman
- University of Kansas School of Medicine Department of Population Health, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Shishkin S, Sheiman I, Vlassov V, Potapchik E, Sazhina S. Structural changes in the Russian health care system: do they match European trends? Health Econ Rev 2022; 12:29. [PMID: 35616784 PMCID: PMC9133312 DOI: 10.1186/s13561-022-00373-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ВACKGROUND: In the last two decades, health care systems (HCS) in the European countries have faced global challenges and have undergone structural changes with the focus on early disease prevention, strengthening primary care, changing the role of hospitals, etc. Russia has inherited the Semashko model from the USSR with dominance of inpatient care, and has been looking for the ways to improve the structure of service delivery. This paper compares the complex of structural changes in the Russian and the European HCS. METHODS We address major developments in four main areas of medical care delivery: preventive activities, primary care, inpatient care, long-term care. Our focus is on the changes in the organizational structure and activities of health care providers, and in their interaction to improve service delivery. To describe the ongoing changes, we use both qualitative characteristics and quantitative indicators. We extracted the relevant data from the national and international databases and reports and calculated secondary estimates. We also used data from our survey of physicians and interviews with top managers in medical care system. RESULTS The main trends of structural changes in Russia HCS are similar to the changes in most EU countries. The prevention and the early detection of diseases have developed intensively. The reduction in hospital bed capacity and inpatient care utilization has been accompanied by a decrease in the average length of hospital stay. Russia has followed the European trend of service delivery concentration in hospital-physician complexes, while the increase in the average size of hospitals is even more substantial. However, distinctions in health care delivery organization in Russia are still significant. Changes in primary care are much less pronounced, the system remains hospital centered. Russia lags behind the European leaders in terms of horizontal ties between providers. The reasons for inadequate structural changes are rooted in the governance of service delivery. CONCLUSION The structural transformations must be intensified with the focus on strengthening primary care, further integration of care, and development of new organizational structures that mitigate the dependence on inpatient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Shishkin
- Centre for Health Policy, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 4 Slavyanskaya Ploshchad, Building 2, Moscow, Russia, 109074.
| | - Igor Sheiman
- Department of Health Care Administration and Economics, School of Politics and Governance, Faculty of Social Sciences, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20 Myasnitskaya Ulitsa, Moscow, Russia, 101000
| | - Vasily Vlassov
- Department of Health Care Administration and Economics, School of Politics and Governance, Faculty of Social Sciences, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20 Myasnitskaya Ulitsa, Moscow, Russia, 101000
| | - Elena Potapchik
- Centre for Health Policy, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 4 Slavyanskaya Ploshchad, Building 2, Moscow, Russia, 109074
| | - Svetlana Sazhina
- Centre for Health Policy, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 4 Slavyanskaya Ploshchad, Building 2, Moscow, Russia, 109074
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Ferreira EF, Portugal D, Silva N, Peixoto C, Matos C, Prates L. Physical and rehabilitation medicine intervention in stroke in the acute hospital setting: A cross-sectional study. Rehabilitacion (Madr) 2022; 56:302-311. [PMID: 35523618 DOI: 10.1016/j.rh.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stroke represents the main cause of death and disability in Portugal. Resulting functional deficits are widely recognized. This work aims to evaluate the variation in functionality of stroke patients in the acute hospital setting under a rehabilitation program. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cross-sectional study of patients admitted to the Neurology department, from January to June 2019, with acute stroke. The variation in functionality was assessed using the Barthel index. Statistical analysis used Student's t-test and Spearman's correlation coefficient, with a p-value≤0.05 as significant. RESULTS 106 patients with mean age of 63.7±14.2 years and a male predominance (60.4%) were included. Patients started rehabilitation program at 1.37±1.19 days after admission. A gain in functionality between admission and discharge was identified (50.18±32.37 versus 68.73±28.94, p<0.001). A significantly greater increase was observed in patients diagnosed under code stroke protocol (CSP) (p=0.021) and undergoing some type of acute phase treatment (p=0.017). From 90.5% of the patients that pursued rehabilitation after discharge, 40.6% were referred to an inpatient unit on average 12.7±7.0 days after admission. DISCUSSION In this study, Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (PRM) provided early rehabilitation care to stroke patients. According to international evidence this is associated with greater functional gains. The variation in functionality verified during hospitalization demonstrates the importance of PRM in the acute hospital, assessing the rehabilitation needs after hospital discharge and maximizing outpatient rehabilitation. Diagnosis under CSP and undergoing acute treatment were determinants of greater functional improvement. CONCLUSION PRM plays a central role in the early management of functional impairment resulting from stroke and in the post-discharge guidance of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Freitas Ferreira
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal.
| | - D Portugal
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal
| | - N Silva
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal
| | - C Peixoto
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal
| | - C Matos
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal
| | - L Prates
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal
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Allerby K, Goulding A, Ali L, Waern M. Increasing person-centeredness in psychosis inpatient care: staff experiences from the Person-Centered Psychosis Care (PCPC) project. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:596. [PMID: 35505358 PMCID: PMC9066767 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interventions to increase person-centeredness in hospital care for persons with psychotic illness are needed. Changing care delivery is however a complex venture, requiring staff to reconsider their mindsets and ways of working. A multidisciplinary educational intervention for hospital staff at four wards was launched to increase person-centeredness in the care of patients with schizophrenia and similar psychoses. This study aims to explore staff experiences of working to increase person-centeredness. Methods A heterogenic sample of staff (n = 23) from all participating wards were recruited for six focus group interviews. Semi-structured questions covered staff perceptions of person-centered care and the process of increasing person-centeredness. Transcribed data was analyzed using thematic analysis according to Braun and Clarke. Results Staff viewed person-centered care as an approach rather than a method. They described central aspects of person-centered care, such as recognizing the patient as a capable person who can participate in her/his care. Statements further showed how these core features were put into practice. Changes related to the intervention were presented in terms of evolving patient and staff roles, improved contact with patients, more flexible care routines, and a more positive ward climate. Neither psychotic symptoms nor involuntary status were considered barriers for person-centered care, but organizational factors beyond staff control seemed to impact on implementation. Conclusions After implementation, participants displayed good understanding of the core concepts of person-centered care in both thinking and action. They attributed several improvements in the care milieu to an increased level of person-centeredness. Psychotic behavior and involuntary treatment did not present major barriers to person-centered care. Findings suggest person-centered care is feasible in the psychosis inpatient setting and could improve quality of care. Trial registration The study is part of a larger study evaluating the intervention Person-Centered Psychosis Care (PCPC). It was registered retrospectively at clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT03182283.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Allerby
- Section of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Blå Stråket 15, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Region Västra Götaland, Psychosis Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Institute of Health Care Sciences, Centre for Person-Centered Care, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 100, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - A Goulding
- Region Västra Götaland, Psychosis Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - L Ali
- Institute of Health Care Sciences, Centre for Person-Centered Care, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 100, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Region Västra Götaland, Psychiatry Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Waern
- Section of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Blå Stråket 15, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Region Västra Götaland, Psychosis Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Institute of Health Care Sciences, Centre for Person-Centered Care, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 100, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Rinne H, Laaksonen M, Blomgren J. Use of outpatient and inpatient health care services by occupation-a register study of employees in Oulu, Finland. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:597. [PMID: 35505398 PMCID: PMC9066753 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-07970-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to examine how the use of outpatient and inpatient health services differs by occupational groups, and whether the differences are explained by sociodemographic factors and health status. Methods We used register-based data on 25–64-year-old employees living in the city of Oulu, Finland, in 2018 (N = 61,848). Use of outpatient health care services (public, private and occupational health care) among men and women was analysed with negative binomial regression models, and use of inpatient health care with logistic regression models, using two occupational classifications: occupational group (1-digit level) and more detailed occupation (2-digit level). Adjusted covariates were age, education, income, marital status, special reimbursement entitlements for medicines, and sickness absence. Results Examined at the level of larger occupational groups, the use of outpatient and inpatient health care was less common than average among managers, professionals and skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers; in women also among craft and related trades workers. Controlling for covariates explained only part of the differences, more among women than among men. Analysed at the level of more detailed occupations, the adjusted use of outpatient and inpatient care was more common among health associate professionals and stationary plant and machine operators, both among men and women. Furthermore, the use of outpatient care was common among male personal care workers, protective service workers and metal, machinery and related trades workers as well as among labourers in mining, construction, manufacturing and transport, and female customer services clerks and sales workers. Conclusion The use of health care services differs by occupation, and the differences are not fully explained by sociodemographic factors and health status. High occupational risks, attitudes and knowledge may explain the more frequent use of health services. Furthermore, explanations may be sought from lack of access to occupational health care or healthier working conditions and behavior. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-022-07970-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Rinne
- The Social Insurance Institution of Finland, P.O. Box 450, 00056 KELA, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Mikko Laaksonen
- The Finnish Centre for Pensions, 00065 ELÄKETURVAKESKUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni Blomgren
- The Social Insurance Institution of Finland, P.O. Box 450, 00056 KELA, Helsinki, Finland
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Choi SJ, Park SW, Lee E. Effectiveness of Regdanvimab at Preventing the Need for Oxygen Therapy in Patients with Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Infect Chemother 2022; 54:91-101. [PMID: 35384421 PMCID: PMC8987185 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2021.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monoclonal antibodies are a treatment option for patients with mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease (COVID-19). We investigated the effectiveness of regdanvimab, an anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 monoclonal antibody approved in Korea, in the treatment of patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records of patients who were admitted to a COVID-19 designated hospital during the study period of February 1 to June 31 and met the indications for administration of regdanvimab were reviewed to assess baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes such as supplemental oxygen requirements, mortality, and length of hospitalization. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with requiring supplemental oxygen. Subgroup analysis was performed according to the presence of pneumonia confirmed on a chest X-ray. RESULTS Three hundred ninety-eight COVID-19 patients were included in the study, and 65 (16.3%) of them were administered regdanvimab. The proportion of patients requiring supplemental oxygen was significantly lower in the regdanvimab group than in the control group (6.2% vs. 20.1%, P = 0.007). There was no significant difference in mortality (0% vs. 1.5%, P >0.999) and the length of hospitalization (median: 10 days vs. 10 days, P = 0.267) between two groups. The multivariable analysis demonstrated that administration of regdanvimab was independently associated with lower oxygen supplement [odds ratio (OR): 0.20, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.06 - 0.55, P = 0.004] after adjustment of potential risk factors related to supplemental oxygen including age, sex, chest X-ray abnormality, and underlying chronic kidney disease. Among the patients with pneumonia radiologically, administration of regdanvimab was also associated with lower risk of oxygen supplement (OR: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.02 - 0.46, P = 0.007). CONCLUSION Regdanvimab use was related to lower need for supplemental oxygen in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 for the indications for administration of regdanvimab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Jin Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Won Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunyoung Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Sorter M, Chua J, Lamy M, Barzman D, Ryes L, Shekhtman JA. Management of Emotion Dysregulation and Outbursts in Children and Adolescents. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2022; 24:213-226. [PMID: 35316849 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-022-01325-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Emotion dysregulation and outbursts are very common reasons for referral to child and adolescent mental health services and a frequent cause of admission to hospitals and residential programs. Symptoms of emotion dysregulation and outburst are transdiagnostic, associated with many disorders, have the potential to cause severe impairment and their management presents a major challenge in clinical practice. RECENT FINDINGS There are an increasing number of psychosocial interventions that demonstrate promise in improving emotion dysregulation and outbursts. Acute care systems to manage the most severely ill patients have limited best practice guidelines but program advancements indicate opportunities to improve care models. Pharmacotherapy may be of assistance to psychosocial interventions but must be used with caution due to potential adverse effects. Much remains to be discovered however evidence informed, targeted treatments for specific populations show potential for future improvements in outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sorter
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA. .,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, USA.
| | - Jaclyn Chua
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Martine Lamy
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Drew Barzman
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Louis Ryes
- Xavier University, Cincinnati, USA.,University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA
| | - Joshua Abraham Shekhtman
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA.,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, USA
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Pelto-Piri V, Kjellin L. Social inclusion and violence prevention in psychiatric inpatient care. A qualitative interview study with service users, staff members and ward managers. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:1255. [PMID: 34801020 PMCID: PMC8605501 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-07178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many psychiatric services include social inclusion as a policy with the aim to offer users the opportunity to participate in care and to form reciprocal relationships. The aim of this study was to explore opportunities and problems with regard to participation, reciprocity and social justice that different stakeholders experience when it comes to social inclusion for service users and minimizing violence in psychiatric inpatient care. Methods Qualitative interviews were performed with 12 service users, 15 staff members, and six ward managers in three different kinds of psychiatric wards in Sweden. The data were analyzed using the framework method and qualitative content analysis, which was based on the three following social inclusion values: participation, reciprocity, and social justice. Results Themes and subthemes were inductively constructed within the three social inclusion values. For participation, staff and ward managers reported difficulties in involving service users in their care, while service users did not feel that they participated and worried about what would happen after discharge. Staff gave more positive descriptions of their relationships with service users and the possibility for reciprocity. Service users described a lack of social justice, such as disruptive care, a lack of support from services, not having access to care, or negative experiences of coercive measures. Despite this, service users often saw the ward as being safer than outside the hospital. Staff and managers reported worries about staffing, staff competence, minimizing coercion and violence, and a lack of support from the management. Conclusions By applying the tentative model on empirical data we identified factors that can support or disrupt the process to create a safe ward where service users can feel socially included. Our results indicate that that staff and service users may have different views on the reciprocity of their relationships, and that users may experience a lack of social justice. The users may, due to harsh living conditions, be more concerned about the risk of violence in the community than as inpatients. Staff and ward managers need support from the management to foster a sense of community in the ward and to implement evidence-based prevention programs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-021-07178-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veikko Pelto-Piri
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University Health Care Research Center, Örebro University, 70182, Örebro, SE, Sweden.
| | - Lars Kjellin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University Health Care Research Center, Örebro University, 70182, Örebro, SE, Sweden
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Dreger M, Eckhardt H, Felgner S, Errmann H, Lantzsch H, Rombey T, Busse R, Henschke C, Panteli D. Implementation of innovative medical technologies in German inpatient care: patterns of utilization and evidence development. Implement Sci 2021; 16:94. [PMID: 34717677 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-021-01159-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Innovative medical technologies are commonly associated with positive expectations. At the time of their introduction into care, there is often little evidence available regarding their benefits and harms. Accordingly, some innovative medical technologies with a lack of evidence are used widely until or even though findings of adverse events emerge, while others with study results supporting their safety and effectiveness remain underused. This study aims at examining the diffusion patterns of innovative medical technologies in German inpatient care between 2005 and 2017 while simultaneously considering evidence development. Methods Based on a qualitatively derived typology and a quantitative clustering of the adoption curves, a representative sample of 21 technologies was selected for further evaluation. Published scientific evidence on efficacy/effectiveness and safety of the technologies was identified and extracted in a systematic approach. Derived from a two-dimensional classification according to the degree of utilization and availability of supportive evidence, the diffusion patterns were then assigned to the categories “Success” (widespread/positive), “Hazard” (widespread/negative), “Overadoption” (widespread/limited or none), “Underadoption” (cautious/positive), “Vigilance” (cautious/negative), and “Prudence” (cautious/limited or none). Results Overall, we found limited evidence on the examined technologies regarding both the quantity and quality of published randomized controlled trials. Thus, the categories “Prudence” and “Overadoption” together account for nearly three-quarters of the years evaluated, followed by “Success” with 17%. Even when evidence is available, the transfer of knowledge into practice appears to be inhibited. Conclusions The successful implementation of safe and effective innovative medical technologies into practice requires substantial further efforts by policymakers to strengthen systematic knowledge generation and translation. Creating an environment that encourages the conduct of rigorous studies, promotes knowledge translation, and rewards innovative medical technologies according to their added value is a prerequisite for the diffusion of valuable health care. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13012-021-01159-3.
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Shaqura II, Jaafaripooyan E, Hosseini M, Shagora AERS, Sari AA. Nurses' Perspectives on Inpatient Care Responsiveness at the Gazan Public Hospitals. Ethiop J Health Sci 2021; 31:847-856. [PMID: 34703185 PMCID: PMC8512949 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v31i4.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Responsiveness is one of the intrinsic goals of health systems. This study aimed at assessing the responsiveness of inpatient care in accordance to nurses' perspectives, particularly in internal medicine ‘medical’ and surgical departments, at the Gazan public general hospitals in 2020. Methods This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at 5 public general hospitals in Gaza. Data were collected from 277 nurses using an interview-based questionnaire composed mainly of 36 items to measure responsiveness on a 4-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS 22.0. Results The overall responsiveness was about 77.5%. Access to social support was the highest-performing domain but it was the less important. Dignity was the second-highest in performance but the most important domain. Choice of provider and quality of basic amenities were almost the lowest in both performance and importance. Hospital, marital status, educational level, position at work, income, department, and the experience in the current ward have led to significant differences in the level of responsiveness. Conclusion Supply-side should be considered to delineate the status quo of responsiveness accurately. There is a room for further improvement in the interpersonal domains of responsiveness without extravagant expenditures. Policymakers need to emphasize on better allocation of budget for client-orientation domains of responsiveness as well. Hospital characteristics had a pivotal role in creating significant differences among respondents. Likewise, socioeconomic status and cultural diversity of nurses led to significant variations in their responses, hence, this calls for robust and well-designed researches, including non-public hospitals, to determine the most influential factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyad Ibrahim Shaqura
- Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Jaafaripooyan
- Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Hosseini
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Akbari Sari
- Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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de Oliveira C, Mason J, Jacobs R. Examining equity in the utilisation of psychiatric inpatient care among patients with severe mental illness (SMI) in Ontario, Canada. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:420. [PMID: 34425787 PMCID: PMC8381537 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03419-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe mental illness (SMI) comprises a range of chronic and disabling conditions, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and other psychoses. Despite affecting a small percentage of the population, these disorders are associated with poor outcomes, further compounded by disparities in access, utilisation, and quality of care. Previous research indicates there is pro-poor inequality in the utilisation of SMI-related psychiatric inpatient care in England (in other words, individuals in more deprived areas have higher utilisation of inpatient care than those in less deprived areas). Our objective was to determine whether there is pro-poor inequality in SMI-related psychiatric admissions in Ontario, and understand whether these inequalities have changed over time. METHODS We selected all adult psychiatric admissions from April 2006 to March 2011. We identified changes in socio-economic equity over time across deprivation groups and geographic units by modeling, through ordinary least squares, annual need-expected standardised utilisation as a function of material deprivation and other relevant variables. We also tested for changes in socio-economic equity of utilisation over years, where the number of SMI-related psychiatric admissions for each geographic unit was modeled using a negative binomial model. RESULTS We found pro-poor inequality in SMI-related psychiatric admissions in Ontario. For every one unit increase in deprivation, psychiatric admissions increased by about 8.1%. Pro-poor inequality was particularly present in very urban areas, where many patients with SMI reside, and very rural areas, where access to care is problematic. Our main findings did not change with our sensitivity analyses. Furthermore, this inequality did not change over time. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with SMI living in more deprived areas of Ontario had higher psychiatric admissions than those living in less deprived areas. Moreover, our findings suggest this inequality has remained unchanged over time. Despite the debate around whether to make more or less use of inpatient versus other care, policy makers should seek to address suboptimal supply of primary, community or social care for SMI patients. This may potentially be achieved through the elimination of barriers to access psychiatrist care and the implementation of universal coverage of psychotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire de Oliveira
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, Alcuin A Block, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK. .,Hull York Medical School, University of York, Alcuin A Block, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK. .,Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2S1, Canada. .,Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3M6, Canada. .,ICES, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5, Canada.
| | - Joyce Mason
- grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S1 Canada ,grid.418647.80000 0000 8849 1617ICES, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5 Canada
| | - Rowena Jacobs
- grid.5685.e0000 0004 1936 9668Centre for Health Economics, University of York, Alcuin A Block, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD UK
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Carrier SL, Hicks AJ, Ponsford J, McKay A. Managing agitation during early recovery in adults with traumatic brain injury: An international survey. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2021; 64:101532. [PMID: 33933690 DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2021.101532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Managing agitation is a significant challenge in the early stages of recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI), and research investigating current practice during this period is lacking. OBJECTIVES This study examined how clinicians worldwide conceptualise, measure and manage agitation during early TBI recovery. METHODS A cross-sectional anonymous online survey was distributed via email, newsletters, conferences and social media to clinicians involved in early TBI care worldwide. Respondents were 331 clinicians (66% female) from 34 countries worldwide who worked in inpatient and outpatient settings in disciplines including medicine, nursing and allied health. Participants had an average of 13 years' clinical experience working specifically with an adult TBI population. RESULTS Agitated behaviour was commonly defined as aggression and restlessness. Three quarters of clinicians reported that their services measure agitation, and clinicians in North America more frequently use standardised assessment tools. Common non-pharmacological approaches used across all regions surveyed included providing familiarising information (85%) and environmental cues (82%), managing patients in single rooms (81%) and reducing noise levels (80%). Most clinicians (90%) reported pharmacology use, particularly atypical antipsychotic agents. Clinicians' mean rating of confidence in managing agitation was 7 out of 10 (10 being excellent) and was higher for services that provided staff with written guidelines for agitation management. Only half of clinicians reported sufficient training for managing agitation and 52% were satisfied with current agitation management practices. CONCLUSIONS Despite high rates of agitation measurement and management, many clinicians reported dissatisfaction with current agitation management and insufficient training. This study supports the development of international guidelines and training to ensure consistent and effective agitation management in early TBI care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Carrier
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Amelia J Hicks
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jennie Ponsford
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Australia; Rehabilitation and Mental Health Division, Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adam McKay
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Australia; Rehabilitation and Mental Health Division, Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Australia
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Spies HF. [The benefits of self-employment]. Urologe A 2021; 60:1023-1024. [PMID: 34241640 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-021-01581-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Trenaman L, Bryan S, Cuthbertson L, Sawatzky R, Stacey D, Bansback N. An economic valuation technique identified different inpatient care experience as priorities for older Canadians than a traditional approach. J Clin Epidemiol 2021; 139:1-11. [PMID: 34182147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To (1) estimate the relative value of older adults' healthcare experiences based on the Canadian Patient Experience Survey for Inpatient Care (CPES-IC) using an economic valuation technique, and (2) compare the results with those of a conventional key-driver analysis of healthcare experiences based on bivariate correlations. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING An online survey of 1,074 Canadians aged 60 and older who had been hospitalized within five years. Participants completed the CPES-IC and a best-worst scaling (BWS) valuation task. BWS data were analyzed using a conditional logit model. These results were compared to a conventional key-driver analysis that estimates importance through Spearman's correlations between experiences and a global rating of overall experience. RESULTS The valuation approach found that the three experiences most valued by patients were: that staff seemed informed and up-to-date about their hospital care, doctors explained things in a way that they could understand, and that they got all the information they needed about their care and treatment. Three of the top five most valued experiences from the valuation approach were among the top five in the key driver analysis. However, there were noteworthy differences in rank order. CONCLUSION The results of the valuation exercise can inform local and/or system level quality improvement efforts by identifying priorities from an economic evaluation point of view, which are different than those based on a conventional key-driver analysis. Given the degree of uncertainty in estimates both the rank order and confidence intervals should be used to guide decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Trenaman
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluation, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stirling Bryan
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluation, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lena Cuthbertson
- British Columbia Office of Patient-Centred Measurement, Ministry of Health/Providence Health Care, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rick Sawatzky
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; School of Nursing, Trinity Western University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dawn Stacey
- School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Practice Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nick Bansback
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluation, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Skott M, Durbeej N, Smitmanis-Lyle M, Hellner C, Allenius E, Salomonsson S, Lundgren T, Jayaram-Lindström N, Rozental A. Patient-controlled admissions to inpatient care: A twelve-month naturalistic study of patients with schizophrenia spectrum diagnoses and the effects on admissions to and days in inpatient care. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:598. [PMID: 34162390 PMCID: PMC8223388 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-06617-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with schizophrenia spectrum diagnoses have a poor prognostic outlook and rates of recovery. Inpatient care is common, but the decision to initiate such care is not solely up to the patient but also influenced by the healthcare providers. Recent ideas about shared decision-making however challenges this idea. Patient-Controlled Admissions (PCA) refers to a care model where a patient signs a contract that allows the decision for admission into inpatient care to be transferred onto the patient. METHODS In Region Stockholm's public healthcare PCA was introduced to patients with schizophrenia spectrum diagnoses deemed to have the greatest care needs. Outcomes of a 12-month naturalistic within-group follow-up was analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS In total, 56 patients fulfilled the study's inclusion criteria, with between 20 to 42 patients having complete data and being able to analyze statistically, depending on the variable. Number of admissions, inpatient days, number of involuntary admissions, and involuntary admission days decreased, but only significantly so for inpatient days, p < .01 (a mean reduction of 11.5 days). Neither self-rated well-being, as assessed using the EQ5D-3L, or a clinician-administered rating of overall health status, the Clinical Global Impression Scale, demonstrated a significant change. CONCLUSIONS The use of PCA points towards a trend in decreased hospitalization for patients with schizophrenia spectrum diagnoses, although this needs to be explored further in larger samples and over a longer follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Skott
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 117 63, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm County Council, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalie Durbeej
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 117 63, Stockholm, Sweden
- Child Health and Parenting, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Smitmanis-Lyle
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 117 63, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm County Council, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Clara Hellner
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 117 63, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm County Council, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emelie Allenius
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 117 63, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm County Council, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sigrid Salomonsson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 117 63, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm County Council, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Lundgren
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 117 63, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm County Council, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nitya Jayaram-Lindström
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 117 63, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm County Council, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Rozental
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 117 63, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Stockholm County Council, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
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Hattenbach LO, Heinz P, Feltgen N, Hoerauf H, Kohnen T, Priglinger S, Bachmann W, Rieks J, Eter N, Reinhard T. Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on ophthalmic care in Germany. Ophthalmologe 2021; 118:166-75. [PMID: 34086070 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-021-01411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Survey by the commission for cross-sectoral ophthalmology, as a joint commission of the German Ophthalmological Society (DOG) and the Professional Association of German Ophthalmologists (BVA) on the effects of the SARS-CoV‑2 pandemic on ophthalmological patient care in Germany. Methods Online-based survey. Results A total of 1190 questionnaires were (partly) answered. With respect to outpatient care and consultations from 15 March to 15 April 2020, a total of 69 (5.8%) participants indicated unlimited, 756 (63.5%) reduced and 330 (27.7%) emergency care only, independent of the type of institution. Outpatient surgery was restricted to emergency surgery in 68% of clinics, 42.0% of inpatient wards, 45.0% of surgical medical care centers and group practices and 33.0% of private practices. Inpatient procedures were limited to emergency care in 75.0% of inpatient wards and in 71.0% of clinics. With the exception of endophthalmitis (+8.2%), the number of urgent indications and emergencies declined: retinal detachment (−34.8%), perforating eyeball injuries (−7.3%), acute glaucoma (−17.8%), central retinal artery occlusion and anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (−31.0%), others (−30.9%), penetrating keratoplasty and amniotic membrane transplantation (−59.1%). Institutional or professional policy requirements (76.0%) and appointment cancellation by patients (84.0%) were the most common reasons for limitations in ophthalmic patient care. Conclusion The initial phase of the pandemic was characterized by a massive reduction in non-urgent conservative and surgical treatment that affected all areas of ophthalmology. Due to intensive care capacities required for COVID-19 patients, inpatient treatment was largely restricted to emergencies. Treatment of ophthalmological patients, including ocular emergencies and urgent treatment, was maintained across all sectors with a (considerable) decrease in the number of cases even in these groups.
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Schwarzkopf D, Nimptsch U, Graf R, Schmitt J, Zacher J, Kuhlen R. [Opportunities and limitations of risk adjustment of quality indicators based on inpatient administrative health data - a workshop report]. Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes 2021; 163:1-12. [PMID: 34023246 DOI: 10.1016/j.zefq.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The quality indicators of the Initiative Qualitätsmedizin e. V. (IQM) have been developed as triggers to examine treatment processes for opportunities for improvement. Published quality results have partly been used for external quality comparisons in the media. Therefore, member hospitals of IQM demanded to investigate if methods of risk adjustment should be applied in the calculation of the quality indicators. After a hearing of experts had been held, a task force was founded to conduct test calculations on risk adjustment methods. METHODS Specific risk adjustment models for mortality in myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, pneumonia, and colectomy in colorectal cancer were developed in the database of national German DRG data of the year 2016. These models were used to calculate standardized mortality ratios (SMR) per indicator in a sample of 172 member hospitals of IQM based on the data of the year 2018. Median SMR per indicator were compared to median SMR based on a standardization by age and gender, which is the standard procedure in IQM. Correlations between the different SMR were calculated. Quality of care was judged by two different approaches: a) a descriptive discrepancy of |0.1| from the SMR value of 1, and b) a significant discrepancy from 1 using the 95% confidence limits. The effect of using the specific risk adjustment in relation to the standard procedure was investigated for both approaches (a and b). RESULTS The specific risk adjustment methods showed an area under the curve between 0.72 and 0.84. The median differences between the SMR based on standardization by age and gender and the SMR based on specific risk adjustment were small (between 0 and 0.4); Spearman's correlations were between 0.90 and 0.99. Changes in the judgement of quality of care in comparison to the national average occurred in 3.9% (mortality from pneumonia) to 20.6% of the hospitals (mortality from heart failure) in descriptive comparisons. When the judgement was based on confidence limits changes were observed in 1.6% (mortality after colectomy) to 17.4% of the hospitals (mortality from heart failure). DISCUSSION Implementing specific risk adjustment models had only minor effects on the distribution of risk-adjusted mortality compared to the standard procedure, but the judgement of quality of care could change for a fifth of the hospitals in individual indicators. Concerning methodological and practical reasons, the task force recommends further development of risk adjustment methods for selected indicators. This should be accompanied by studies on the validity of inpatient administrative data for quality management as well as by efforts to improve the usefulness of these data for such purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schwarzkopf
- Institut für Infektionsmedizin und Krankenhaushygiene, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Deutschland; Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Deutschland.
| | - Ulrike Nimptsch
- Technische Universität Berlin, Fachgebiet Management im Gesundheitswesen, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Raphael Graf
- 3M Health Information Systems, Neuss, Deutschland
| | - Jochen Schmitt
- Zentrum für Evidenzbasierte Gesundheitsversorgung (ZEGV), Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Josef Zacher
- Wissenschaftlicher Beirat der Initiative Qualitätsmedizin, Berlin, Deutschland; Helios Health, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Ralf Kuhlen
- Wissenschaftlicher Beirat der Initiative Qualitätsmedizin, Berlin, Deutschland; Helios Health, Berlin, Deutschland
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Stucki M. Factors related to the change in Swiss inpatient costs by disease: a 6-factor decomposition. Eur J Health Econ 2021; 22:195-221. [PMID: 33433763 PMCID: PMC7881977 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-020-01243-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There is currently little systematic knowledge about the contribution of different factors to the increase in health care spending in high-income countries such as Switzerland. The aim of this paper is to decompose inpatient care costs in the Swiss canton of Zurich by 100 diseases and 42 age/sex groups and to assess the contribution of six factors to the change in aggregate costs between 2013 and 2017. These six factors are population size, age and sex structure, inpatient treated prevalence, utilization in terms of stays per patient, length of stay per case, and costs per treatment day. Using detailed inpatient cost data at the case level, we find that the most important contributor to the change in disease-specific costs was a rise in costs per treatment day. For most conditions, this effect was partly offset by a reduction in the average length of stay. Changes in population size accounted for one third of the total increase, but population structure had only a small positive association with costs. The most expensive cases accounted for the largest part of the increase in costs, but the magnitude of this effect differed across diseases. A better understanding of the factors related to cost changes at the disease level over time is essential for the design of targeted health policies aiming at an affordable health care system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Stucki
- Winterthur Institute of Health Economics, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Gertrudstrasse 15, 8401, Winterthur, Switzerland.
- Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Frohburgstrasse 3, 6002, Lucerne, Switzerland.
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Carregaro RL. Management of non-serious low back pain in the context of emergency care. Is it worth the cost? Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2021; 7:100105. [PMID: 34327422 PMCID: PMC8315429 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Luiz Carregaro
- School of Physical Therapy and Master Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Campus UnB Ceilândia, Brasília, Brazil.,Núcleo de Evidências e Tecnologias em Saúde (NETeCS), Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Campus UnB Ceilândia, Brasília, Brazil
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Wallström R, Lindgren E, Gabrielsson S. 'Don't abandon me': Young people's experiences of child and adolescent psychiatric inpatient care supporting recovery described in blogs. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2021; 30:117-125. [PMID: 33098232 PMCID: PMC7894162 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Child and adolescent psychiatric (CAP) inpatient care has the potential to support or hinder young people's mental-health recovery. Research describing inpatient care from the perspective of young people is rare. Personal blogs provide an opportunity to further understand how inpatient care relates to young people's recovery processes. This study aimed to explore young people's experiences of CAP inpatient care supporting mental-health recovery. The study is reported in accordance with the COREQ guidelines. Data were created during 2018 from twenty-seven personal blogs describing first-hand experiences of being a patient in a CAP inpatient care facility in Sweden and analysed using a method for interpretive description. Information in blogs suggests they were written by women, a majority of which had experienced eating disorders. Findings describe young people's experiences of CAP inpatient care supporting mental-health recovery in an interpretive explanation with one theme, 'Don't abandon me', and three sub-themes: 'Listen to me', 'Believe in me', and 'Allow me to feel safe'. This study adds to the growing body of empirical work suggesting the importance of the concept of recovery in young people's mental health. To support recovery, CAP inpatient care needs to focus on developing the content of care rather than minimizing the length of the stay. User experience should be at the heart of efforts aimed at improving services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Wallström
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Care, Bollnäs Hospital, Bollnäs, Sweden
| | - Eva Lindgren
- Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
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Nyttingnes O, Šaltytė Benth J, Ruud T. Patient-controlled admission contracts: a longitudinal study of patient evaluations. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:36. [PMID: 33413337 PMCID: PMC7791868 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-06033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health professionals usually decide patients' access to inpatient care to ensure care based on need and potential benefit. The purpose of the current study is to investigate how patients evaluate admissions under a contract of Patient-Controlled Admissions (PCA), where the patient could initiate 5 day stays at a community mental health center at their own discretion. METHODS Patients with a PCA contract in 2011 and 2012 were invited to participate in the study. Staff first recorded clinical baseline values for patients. Towards the end of each PCA stay, staff conducted a structured discharge interview of the admission with the patient. A structured follow-up interview evaluating the PCA arrangement 2 years after inclusion was also performed. We report frequencies from data on PCA requests, PCA admissions and the 2 year evaluation interview, and we used multiple regression models to explore predictors of perceived helpfulness and improvement from the PCA admissions. RESULTS The included patients (n = 74) made 628 requests for PCAs during the 2 years after inclusion, and 507 PCAs took place. The five-day limit could not be upheld in 7.5% of PCAs. Patients rated PCAs as helping considerably (33.1%), a good deal (30.4%) or somewhat (21.1%), and reported feeling considerably (15.2%), a good deal (26.2%) or somewhat (36.3%) better during the admission. Significant predictors of helpfulness and feeling better were socializing more during the stay and reporting higher motivation to get away from a difficult situation or getting to the ward safety and calmness. A diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum or bipolar disorder and more services from mental health specialist care also predicted feeling better during the PCA. In the two-year follow-up interview, 90% rated themselves as very or quite satisfied, and more than 90% would recommend PCAs to others. CONCLUSIONS The PCA arrangement was feasible and was frequently utilized by patients. Patients were satisfied with PCAs and the PCA arrangement. These short stays seemed particularly helpful for patients with a more severe diagnosis. Strong patient satisfaction gives reasons for testing and implementing increased patient influence on the mental health admission procedures in the form of PCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olav Nyttingnes
- Division of Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, PB 1000, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway. .,Health Services Research Unit, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.
| | - Jūratė Šaltytė Benth
- Health Services Research Unit, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torleif Ruud
- Division of Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, PB 1000, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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48
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Guo J, Kong D, Fang L, Zhu Y, Zhang B. Depressive symptoms and health service utilization among Chinese middle-aged and older adults: a national population-based longitudinal survey. Int J Ment Health Syst 2021; 15:2. [PMID: 33407726 PMCID: PMC7788883 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-020-00421-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to (1) examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between depressive symptoms and health services utilization among Chinese middle-aged and older adults; and (2) evaluate whether there exists a rural–urban difference in such relationships. Methods Data was obtained from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2013 and 2015, a nationally representative survey of 13,551 adults aged 45 years and above in China. Results Depressive symptoms were positively associated with a greater likelihood of outpatient and inpatient health services utilization. This association was consistent across rural and urban settings, indicating the robustness of such findings across geographic areas. Conclusions Findings indicate that depressive symptoms are significantly associated with both in-patient and out-patient health service utilization among Chinese adults. Screening for depressive symptoms needs to be incorporated in these care settings in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Center for Health Policy and Technology Evaluation, Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Dexia Kong
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - Liming Fang
- School of Insurance and Economics, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yingxue Zhu
- School of Sociology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurology and ICCTR Biostatistics and Research Design Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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49
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Serfaty DR, Cherniak AD, Strous RD. How are psychotic symptoms and treatment factors affected by religion? A cross-sectional study about religious coping among ultra-Orthodox Jews. Psychiatry Res 2020; 293:113349. [PMID: 32798928 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Religious coping is prevalent among individuals diagnosed with psychotic disorders, however its clinical relevance has been insufficiently studied. Thirty ultra-Orthodox Jewish patients experiencing current psychotic symptoms and receiving treatment in the inpatient and day-care units were administered measures assessing severity of psychotic symptoms, psychological distress/well-being, beliefs about treatment credibility/expectancy, and aspects of religious belief and coping. Among men, negative religious coping was associated with lower treatment credibility. Among women, positive religious coping was associated with increased treatment expectancy and greater quality of life; and trust in God was associated with reduced psychiatric symptoms and greater treatment expectancy. Study findings indicate that religious factors may promote treatment motivation and engagement, crucial factors for subpopulations facing culturally-based barriers to treatment, as well as boost more favorable outcomes. Sensitivity to religious factors in treatment appears to play an important role in the management of psychotic disorders and should be engaged when culturally appropriate in order to maximize treatment potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron D Cherniak
- Mayanei Hayeshua Medical Center, Bnei Brak, Israel; Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rael D Strous
- Mayanei Hayeshua Medical Center, Bnei Brak, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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50
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Mukherjee T, Robbins T, Lim Choi Keung SN, Sankar S, Randeva H, Arvanitis TN. A systematic review considering risk factors for mortality of patients discharged from hospital with a diagnosis of diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2020; 34:107705. [PMID: 32861561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To identify known risk factors for mortality for adult patients, discharged from hospital with diabetes. METHOD The systematic review was based on the PRISMA protocol. Studies were identified through EMBASE & MEDLINE databases. The inclusion criteria were papers that were published over the last 6 years, in English language, and focused on risk factors of mortality in adult patients with diabetes, after they were discharged from hospitals. This was followed by data extraction "with quality assessment and semi-quantitative synthesis according to PRISMA guidelines". RESULTS There were 35 studies identified, considering risk factors relating to mortality for patients, discharged from hospital with diabetes. These studies are distributed internationally. 48 distinct statistically significant risk factors for mortality can be identified. Risk factors can be grouped into the following categories; demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, patient medical, inpatient stay, medication related, laboratory results, and gylcaemic status. These risk factors can be further divided into risk factors identified in generalized populations of patients with diabetes, compared to specific sub-populations of people with diabetes. CONCLUSION A relatively small number of studies have considered risk factors relating to mortality for patients, discharged from hospital with a diagnosis of diabetes. Mortality is an important outcome, when considering discharge from hospital with diabetes. However, there has only been limited consideration within the research literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teesta Mukherjee
- Institute of Digital Healthcare, WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Robbins
- Institute of Digital Healthcare, WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah N Lim Choi Keung
- Institute of Digital Healthcare, WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Sailesh Sankar
- University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Harpal Randeva
- University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Theodoros N Arvanitis
- University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, United Kingdom.
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