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Mansilla-Polo M, Morgado-Carrasco D, Toll A. Review on the Role of Paraffin-embedded Margin-controlled Mohs Micrographic Surgery to Treat Skin Tumors. Actas Dermosifiliogr 2024:S0001-7310(24)00362-4. [PMID: 38648936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2024.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Paraffin-embedded margin-controlled Mohs micrographic surgery (PMMS) includes various procedures such as slow Mohs or deferred Mohs technique, the Muffin and Tübingen techniques, and staged margin excision, or the spaghetti technique. PMMS is a variation of conventional Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) that allows histopathological examination with delayed margin control. PMMS requires minimum training and may be adopted by any hospital. The setback is that PMMS can require procedures across multiple days. PMMS lowers the rate of recurrence of basal cell carcinoma vs wide local excision in high-risk basal cell carcinoma, and improves the rates of recurrence and survival in lentigo maligna. PMMS can be very useful in high-risk squamous cell carcinoma treatment. Finally, it is a promising technique to treat infrequent skin neoplasms, such as dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, or extramammary Paget's disease, among others. In this article, we present a literature narrative review on PMMS, describing techniques and indications, and highlighting long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mansilla-Polo
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España; Health Research Institute (IIS) La Fe, Valencia, España
| | - D Morgado-Carrasco
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Department of Dermatology, Hospital de Figueres, Fundació Alt Empordà, España
| | - A Toll
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
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Punyanitya S, Thiansem S, Raksanti A, Chankachang P, Koonawoot R. Preparation and characterization of glyceryl stearate/cassava starch composite for wax therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129681. [PMID: 38272417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Glyceryl stearate and cassava starch (CS) composites were prepared by an esterification process. Formulations containing starch at various concentrations were prepared, being 1, 1.5, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 % by weight, respectively. The characteristics of pH, moisture content, FTIR, melting point, latent heat, thermal energy storage, and specific heat capacity of composites were elucidated. The optimal formulation contained 1 % w/w CS, this indicated that the composite was able to maintain its temperature for 9.4 ± 0.5 min, with a melting temperature of 51.9 ± 0.3 °C, solidification temperature of 36.1 ± 1.6 °C, latent heat of fusion of 120 ± 10 J/g, and latent heat of solidification of 126 ± 3 J/g, and specific heat capacity of 2.6 ± 0.2 J/g.K. New bonds were formed in the composite structure of glyceryl stearate and CS at these levels. The composite had a pH that was safe for contact with human skin and a moisture content that could be kept stable for a prolonged time. The innovation and the advantages of a composite materials: 1. The main components are derived from natural materials. 2. Costs effective 3. Sustainability 4. Safety, and 5. Efficacy. Therefore, composites have a high potential as are replacement for paraffin wax bath therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sakdiphon Thiansem
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Anucha Raksanti
- Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Phanlob Chankachang
- Faculty of Management Science, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand.
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3
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Mansilla-Polo M, Morgado-Carrasco D, Toll A. Review on the Role of Paraffin-embedded Margin-controlled Mohs Micrographic Surgery to Treat Skin Tumors. Actas Dermosifiliogr 2024:S0001-7310(24)00159-5. [PMID: 38395222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2024.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Paraffin-embedded margin-controlled Mohs micrographic surgery (PMMS) includes various procedures such as slow Mohs or deferred Mohs technique, the Muffin and Tübingen techniques, and staged margin excision, or the spaghetti technique. PMMS is a variation of conventional Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) that allows histopathological examination with delayed margin control. PMMS requires minimum training and may be adopted by any hospital. The setback is that PMMS can require procedures across multiple days. PMMS lowers the rate of recurrence of basal cell carcinoma vs wide local excision in high-risk basal cell carcinoma, and improves the rates of recurrence and survival in lentigo maligna. PMMS can be very useful in high-risk squamous cell carcinoma treatment. Finally, it is a promising technique to treat infrequent skin neoplasms, such as dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, or extramammary Paget's disease, among others. In this article, we present a literature narrative review on PMMS, describing techniques and indications, and highlighting long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mansilla-Polo
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Health Research Institute (IIS) La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - D Morgado-Carrasco
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Dermatology, Hospital de Figueres, Fundació Alt Empordà, Spain
| | - A Toll
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Nachalon Y, Cates DJ, Nativ-Zeltzer N, Belafsky PC. Medialisation laryngoplasty with bone wax in a sheep model. J Laryngol Otol 2023; 137:101-4. [PMID: 35510501 DOI: 10.1017/S0022215122001086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and biocompatibility of bone wax as an implant material for medialisation laryngoplasty in a large animal model. METHODS Three Dorper-cross ewes underwent type I thyroplasty of the right vocal fold with bone wax. The animals were monitored for four weeks for general wellbeing. The animals were euthanised and the larynges harvested. Histological evaluation was performed to assess for adverse tissue reaction and biocompatibility. RESULTS The mean (± standard deviation) amount of bone wax implanted was 0.49 g (± 0.12 g). No adverse events were reported. Ex vivo vibration was present on high-speed imaging for all medialised vocal folds. Histology demonstrated implanted paraffin embedded within the thyroarytenoid muscle with no evidence of resorption, a minimal inflammatory infiltrate, and a thin fibrotic capsule. CONCLUSION The results of this investigation suggest that bone wax may be a safe and efficacious implant material for medialisation laryngoplasty. Further studies are necessary to assess its long-term safety and efficacy.
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Zaare Nahandi M, Banagozar Mohammadi A. Problems with the effectiveness of L-carnitine and paraffin oil in acute aluminum phosphide poisoning. Hum Exp Toxicol 2023; 42:9603271231210974. [PMID: 37878463 DOI: 10.1177/09603271231210974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Banagozar Mohammadi
- Toxicology Wards, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Klebermass EM, Dengler A, Weissenböck V, Ricken G, Wadsak W, Viernstein H, Hacker M, Mitterhauser M, Philippe C. Autoradiography on de paraffinized tissue sections - A feasibility study with 68Ga-labeled PET-tracers. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 189:110425. [PMID: 36030760 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tissue available for retrospective research questions is often already paraffin-embedded for better preservation. However, in vitro autoradiography (AURA) is normally performed on cryopreserved tissue sections. We hypothesized a) that it would also be feasible with deparaffinized tissue sections, enabling the use of human paraffin-embedded tissue for in vitro AURA and b) that the results would be comparable to those obtained with corresponding cryosections. For that purpose, the clinically relevant oncological targets CXCR4, SSTR and PSMA were evaluated. In vitro AURA on deparaffinized tissue sections was feasible, but only with the two receptor ligands [68Ga]Ga-PentixaFor and [68Ga]Ga-DOTANOC. [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 did not show any binding on deparaffinized tissue sections, suggesting that native tissue is required for an interaction between this inhibitor and the enzyme.
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Otsuka ACVG, Bertolli E, de Macedo MP, Pinto CAL, Duprat Neto JPD. Intraoperative assessment of surgical margins using "en face" frozen sections in the management of cutaneous carcinomas. An Bras Dermatol 2022; 97:583-591. [PMID: 35803765 PMCID: PMC9453531 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas (BCC and SCC) are the most common types of cancer worldwide. Intraoperative assessment of surgical margins by frozen section has been widely used to ensure disease-free margins. The intraoperative “en face” freezing technique evaluates all peripheral and deep margins. Objective To report the results of the “en face” freezing technique in relation to tumor recurrence and agreement with paraffin-embedded tissue examination. Methods Retrospective analysis of patients undergoing surgical excision of BCC and SCC at the A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, Brazil. Results This study included 542 skin carcinomas, which were excised from 397 patients. A total of 201 male patients (50.6%), and 196 female patients (49.4%) were assessed, whose mean age was 64 years. The tumors were mostly located on the head and neck region (87.8%). BCC corresponded to 79.7% of the cases. The mean follow-up was 38 months. Tumor relapse occurred in 0.86% of the primary tumors and 3.7% of recurrent tumors. The result of the intraoperative “en face” frozen section evaluation was in agreement with the final result of the anatomopathological examination (paraffin test) in 98% of the lesions. Study limitations Not having a minimum follow-up time of 5 years for all patients. Conclusion The “en face” freezing technique shows low tumor relapse, being reliable and safe to guarantee negative surgical margins of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Bertolli
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Mishra DK, Bhowmik C, Bhowmik S, Pandey KM. Property-enhanced paraffin-based composite phase change material for thermal energy storage: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:43556-43587. [PMID: 35397031 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19929-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Research on phase change material (PCM) for thermal energy storage is playing a significant role in energy management industry. However, some hurdles during the storage of energy have been perceived such as less thermal conductivity, leakage of PCM during phase transition, flammability, and insufficient mechanical properties. For overcoming such obstacle, researchers have been concentrating on composite PCM, where PCM is combined with metal or non-metal particles, fibrous materials, expanded or porous materials, and flame retardants. The main purpose of the current paper is to review the properties enhanced paraffin-based composite PCM. In the literature review, paraffin is selected as a thermal energy storage material, which is mixed with property-enhancing material to prepare composite. Structural and thermal properties of composite have been explored with the help of scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, transmission electron microscope, polarizing optical microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. Mechanical properties of the material are also portrayed using different testing techniques. Nevertheless, numerical methods have also been adopted for characterization of composite. It is found from the literature review that with incorporation of property-enhancing material, thermal conductivity, phase transition rate, and shape stability of PCM increased at the same time flammability, heat storage capacity, and mechanical properties reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durgesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Silchar, Assam, 788010, India
| | - Chiranjib Bhowmik
- Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India
| | - Sumit Bhowmik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Silchar, Assam, 788010, India.
| | - Krishna Murari Pandey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Silchar, Assam, 788010, India
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da Silveira SR, Koehler AD, Mendes Gomes ACM, Cabral GB, de Campos Carneiro VT, de Alencar Dusi DM, Martinelli AP. Somatic Embryogenesis of Brachiaria brizantha (Syn. Urochloa brizantha) Analyzed by In Situ Hybridization. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2527:247-263. [PMID: 35951196 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2485-2_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In situ hybridization with mRNA probes enables the detection and localization of gene expression in plant somatic embryogenesis samples. BbrizSERK is a gene that is expressed in embryogenic cells and tissues of Brachiaria. Here we describe methods used for in situ hybridization to localize BbrizSERK transcripts during somatic embryogenesis of Brachiaria brizantha according to the plant material and observations intended, using paraffin or butyl methyl methacrylate resin-embedded samples, as well as a method for whole-mount preparation applicable for the analysis of other genes involved in embryogenic processes, along with other in vitro processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Rodrigues da Silveira
- Plant Biotechnology Lab, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Andréa Dias Koehler
- Plant Biotechnology Lab, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina M Mendes Gomes
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Barbosa Cabral
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Diva Maria de Alencar Dusi
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Pinheiro Martinelli
- Plant Biotechnology Lab, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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Abstract
In the era of molecular biology, identification of cells and even tissues mostly relies on the presence of fluorescent tags, or of "marker gene" expression. We list a number of caveats and present a protocol for embedding, sectioning, and staining semithin plastic sections. The method is neither new nor innovative, but is meant to revive skills that tend to get lost.This easy-to-use and inexpensive protocol (1) yields high-resolution images in transmitted and polarized light, (2) can be utilized simultaneously for transmission electron microscopy, and (3) is applicable to any type of material (wild type, morphants, mutants, transgenic, or pharmacologically treated animals as well as all of their controls), provided the sample size is kept under a limit. Thus, we hope to encourage researchers to use microanatomy and histology to complement molecular studies investigating, e.g., gene function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Huysseune
- Biology Department, Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - M Soenens
- Biology Department, Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J-Y Sire
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR 7138-Evolution Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - P E Witten
- Biology Department, Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Shen Z, Kwon S, Lee HL, Toivakka M, Oh K. Cellulose nanofibril/carbon nanotube composite foam-stabilized paraffin phase change material for thermal energy storage and conversion. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 273:118585. [PMID: 34560986 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The leakage and low thermal conductivity of paraffin phase change material (PCM) must be addressed to achieve a more efficient energy storage process. In this study, cellulose nanofibril (CNF) foams were prepared as the porous support of paraffin to prevent its leakage, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were incorporated in the foams to improve heat transfer performance. Treatment of CNF with methyltrimethoxysilane improved compatibility between the foams and paraffin. The prepared highly porous (porosity >96%) foams had paraffin absorption capacities exceeding 90%. The form-stable PCM composites displayed negligible paraffin leakage and had a compact structure. The prepared PCM composites had enhanced heat transfer performance, reasonable phase change properties and thermal stabilities. The enthalpy of the SCNF/CNT50-Pw PCM composite decreased by 6% after 100 melting/freezing cycles. Compared with pristine paraffin, the PCM composites exhibited superior form-stabilities and improved thermal properties, which suggested application in a solar-thermal-electricity energy harvesting and conversion system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Shen
- Program in Environmental Materials Science, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Kwon
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Hak Lae Lee
- Program in Environmental Materials Science, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Martti Toivakka
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20500, Finland
| | - Kyudeok Oh
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20500, Finland.
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Carrillo JC, Shen H, Momin F, Kral O, Schnieder H, Kühn S. GTL synthetic paraffin oil shows low liver and tissue retention compared to mineral oil. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 159:112701. [PMID: 34838897 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Oral exposure to mineral oil may result in a narrow fraction of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbon (MOSH) being retained in tissues. Excess of MOSH hepatic retention may lead to the formation of lipogranuloma caused by predominantly multiring cycloalkanes (naphthenics) in a critical range of C25-C35. Although hepatic lipogranuloma is of low pathological concern, MOSH tissue deposition could be minimized by using an oil of similar quality but devoid of naphthenic structures to decrease hepatic retention. Synthetic Gas to liquid (GTL) oils offer an alternative to petroleum derived mineral oils, because they do not contain naphthenic structures. To demonstrate this point, SD rats were fed either GTL oil (99% iso-alkanes) or naphthenic mineral oil (84% cycloalkanes) at 200 mg/kg bw/day for 90 or 134 days with a recovery group. Liver, fat and mesenteric lymph nodes were analyzed for alkane sub-type levels using Online-HPLC-GC-FID and GCxGC-TOF-MS. Results indicate that at equal external dose, GTL hydrocarbons result in lower tissue levels and more rapid excretion than MOSH. GTL retained hepatic fractions were also qualitatively different than MOSH constituents. Because chemical composition differences, GTL oil show low absorption and tissue retention potential and thus an advantageous alternative to conventional mineral oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Carlos Carrillo
- Shell International B.V., Shell Projects & Technology, Carel van Bylandlaan 16, 2596, HR, The Hague, the Netherlands.
| | - Hua Shen
- Shell Oil Company, Shell Projects & Technology, Shell Woodcreek Complex, 150 N. Dairy Ashford, Houston, TX, 77079, USA
| | - Fayaz Momin
- Shell Oil Company, Shell Projects & Technology, Shell Woodcreek Complex, 150 N. Dairy Ashford, Houston, TX, 77079, USA
| | - Olaf Kral
- Shell Deutschland GmbH, Shell Projects & Technology, Suhrenkamp 71-77, 22284, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Holger Schnieder
- Sustainable Chemistry Consult, Paul-Klee-Str. 27, 47877, Willich, Germany
| | - Susanne Kühn
- Institut Kirchhoff Berlin GmbH Part of Mérieux Nutrisciences, Oudenarder Straße 16, 13347, Berlin, Germany
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Song M, Jiang J, Zhu J, Zheng Y, Yu Z, Ren X, Jiang F. Lightweight, strong, and form-stable cellulose nanofibrils phase change aerogel with high latent heat. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 272:118460. [PMID: 34420720 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Phase change material (PCM) is promising for energy storage and release. However, the deformation and leaking during phase change generally limit its application. Herein, a lightweight, strong, and form-stable PCM aerogel was fabricated using Pickering emulsion templating technique. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were used to stabilize PCM into Pickering emulsion, which was further integrated into a 3D interconnected CNF network forming CNF/PCM composite aerogel. The composite aerogel is strong that can support over 5000 times of its own weight, and demonstrates exceptional form stability at 80 °C, showing no leakage after 20 heating/cooling cycles. The latent heat of CNF/PCM composite aerogel could reach 173.59 J·g-1, approximately 84.4% of the paraffin. The CNF/PCM composite aerogel showed relatively low thermal conductivity of 32.0-37.7 mW·m-1·K-1. The sustainability and impressive thermal regulating properties of the CNF/PCM composite aerogel make it an ideal candidate for applications in smart textile, smart building, batteries, and electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyao Song
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jungang Jiang
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jiaying Zhu
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yi Zheng
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Zhengyang Yu
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xueyong Ren
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Feng Jiang
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Abstract
Immunohistochemistry, or immunolabeling, is a key method for the identification of protein expression and localization. Successful detection relies on a low signal-to-noise ratio, which is affected greatly by antibody specificity as well as the staining protocol. Immunohistochemistry in the mouse is challenging, particularly in adult skeletal tissue, due to the need for long decalcification, high autofluorescence and high levels of endogenous peroxidase. Here, we describe a highly sensitive protocol for protein detection in decalcified paraffin-embedded sections from adult mouse skeletal tissue. By using four levels of amplification, this method allows for the identification of even low-abundance proteins.
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Shi X, Yazdani MR, Ajdary R, Rojas OJ. Leakage-proof microencapsulation of phase change materials by emulsification with acetylated cellulose nanofibrils. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 254:117279. [PMID: 33357855 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We use acetylated cellulose nanofibrils (AcCNF) to stabilize transient emulsions with paraffin that becomes shape-stable and encapsulated phase change material (PCM) upon cooling. Rheology measurements confirm the gel behavior and colloidal stability of the solid suspensions. We study the effect of nanofiber content on PCM leakage upon melting and compare the results to those from unmodified CNF. The nanostructured cellulose promotes paraffin phase transition, which improves the efficiency of thermal energy exchange. The leakage-proof microcapsules display high energy absorption capacity (ΔHm = 173 J/g) at high PCM loading (up to 80 wt%), while effectively controlling the extent of supercooling. An excellent thermal stability is observed during at least 100 heating/cooling cycles. Degradation takes place at 291 °C, indicating good thermal stability. The high energy density and the effective shape and thermal stabilization of the AcCNF-encapsulated paraffin points to a sustainable solution for thermal energy storage and conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetong Shi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Maryam R Yazdani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland.
| | - Rubina Ajdary
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland; Bioproducts Institute, Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Chemistry, and Wood Science, 2360 East Mall, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Diehn S, Zimmermann B, Tafintseva V, Bağcıoğlu M, Kohler A, Ohlson M, Fjellheim S, Kneipp J. Discrimination of grass pollen of different species by FTIR spectroscopy of individual pollen grains. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:6459-6474. [PMID: 32350580 PMCID: PMC7442581 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02628-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy enables the chemical characterization and identification of pollen samples, leading to a wide range of applications, such as paleoecology and allergology. This is of particular interest in the identification of grass (Poaceae) species since they have pollen grains of very similar morphology. Unfortunately, the correct identification of FTIR microspectroscopy spectra of single pollen grains is hindered by strong spectral contributions from Mie scattering. Embedding of pollen samples in paraffin helps to retrieve infrared spectra without scattering artifacts. In this study, pollen samples from 10 different populations of five grass species (Anthoxanthum odoratum, Bromus inermis, Hordeum bulbosum, Lolium perenne, and Poa alpina) were embedded in paraffin, and their single grain spectra were obtained by FTIR microspectroscopy. Spectra were subjected to different preprocessing in order to suppress paraffin influence on spectral classification. It is shown that decomposition by non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) and extended multiplicative signal correction (EMSC) that utilizes a paraffin constituent spectrum, respectively, leads to good success rates for the classification of spectra with respect to species by a partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model in full cross-validation for several species. PLS-DA, artificial neural network, and random forest classifiers were applied on the EMSC-corrected spectra using an independent validation to assign spectra from unknown populations to the species. Variation within and between species, together with the differences in classification results, is in agreement with the systematics within the Poaceae family. The results illustrate the great potential of FTIR microspectroscopy for automated classification and identification of grass pollen, possibly together with other, complementary methods for single pollen chemical characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Diehn
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Boris Zimmermann
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Valeria Tafintseva
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Murat Bağcıoğlu
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Achim Kohler
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Mikael Ohlson
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Siri Fjellheim
- Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Janina Kneipp
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
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Murat P, Ferret PJ, Coslédan S, Simon V. Development of a HS-SPME-GC-MS method for the analysis of phthalates in glycerin and liquid paraffin: application to safety evaluation of cosmetic packagings. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:5157-5168. [PMID: 32221658 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02519-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Migration of molecules from packaging into products is a well-known phenomenon of which the studies in the food and medical industries are regulated in Europe by several legislations. However, for cosmetic packagings, there is no protocol nor specific migration limits available. The objective of this work was to use glycerin and liquid paraffin as cosmetic product simulants to perform a safety assessment on phthalates in 11 plastic packagings used in the cosmetic industry. To study these compounds in the matrices, 2 extraction techniques were compared: liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The optimization of the 2 processes of extraction showed that SPME was more adapted to the study. Finally, samples of glycerin and liquid paraffin were analyzed by a SPME-GC-MS method to quantitate 10 regulated phthalates. In glycerin, only DEP was quantitated above the LOQ in 3 packagings, but the concentrations measured were under the set concentration threshold of 0.5 ppm. In liquid paraffin, DEP was quantitated above this concentration threshold. A safety evaluation was so performed by calculating the systemic exposure damage, and the results were finally considered to be safe for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Murat
- Chimie analytique et Compatibilité, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, 17 allée Camille Soula, 31320, Vigoulet-Auzil, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-Industrielle (LCA), INRA, INPT, Université de Toulouse, 31030, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre-Jacques Ferret
- Safety Assessment Department, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, 3 avenue Hubert Curien, 31035, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Sylvie Coslédan
- Chimie analytique et Compatibilité, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, 17 allée Camille Soula, 31320, Vigoulet-Auzil, France.
| | - Valérie Simon
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-Industrielle (LCA), INRA, INPT, Université de Toulouse, 31030, Toulouse, France
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18
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Abstract
There are various preparatory techniques for light microscopy permitting access to the inner structure of plant body and its development. Minute objects might be processed as whole-mount preparations, while voluminous ones should be separated into smaller pieces. Here we summarize some of the "classical" techniques to cut more voluminous objects into slices and access their inner structure either for simple anatomical analysis or for further processing (e.g., histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, enzyme histochemistry).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleš Soukup
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Edita Tylová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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19
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Mansiz Kaplan B, Akyuz G, Kokar S, Yagci I. Comparison of the effectiveness of orthotic intervention, kinesiotaping, and paraffin treatments in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome: A single-blind and randomized controlled study. J Hand Ther 2020; 32:297-304. [PMID: 29463420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to compare different conservative treatments in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). STUDY DESIGN A single-blind randomized controlled study. METHODS Patients (n = 169) diagnosed with mild or moderate CTS were screened; 110 met study requirements. The patients were randomized into 3 groups. The control (CON) comparison provided to all patients was a fabricated night orthotic which held the wrist in a neutral position. The second group received adjunctive kinesiotaping (KIN) and the third group received paraffin (PARA). All patients were evaluated clinically, electrophysiologically, and ultrasonographically before treatment and at 3 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months. RESULTS There were 36 patients in CON, 37 in KIN, and 37 in PARA. Pain reduction in KIN was better than the other groups at 3 weeks (mean difference [MD] in CON 2.4 ± 2.5, KIN 3.7 ± 2.0, PARA 2.7 ± 2.3; P < .01) and 6 months (MD in CON 3.4 ± 3.0, KIN 4.9 ± 3.1, PARA 3.7 ± 2.9; P < .05). KIN pain reduction was better than CON at 3 months (MD in CON 3.8 ± 2.8, KIN 5.0 ± 2.5; P < .05). Reduction of the cross-sectional area of median nerve at the level of radioulnar joint was greater for KIN than CON at 3 weeks (MD in CON 0.0 ± 0.5, KIN 0.3 ± 0.7; P < .01) than PARA at 3 months (MD in KIN 0.3 ± 0.8, PARA 0.0 ± 0.8; P < .05) and both groups at 6 months (MD in CON 0.1 ± 0.8, KIN 0.5 ± 0.9, PARA 0.0 ± 1.0 P < .05). CONCLUSION Adding KIN to night use of an orthotic was more effective in achieving symptomatic and structural improvements than either the orthotic alone or adjunctive use of paraffin in patients with mild and moderate CTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basak Mansiz Kaplan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Gulseren Akyuz
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Kokar
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilker Yagci
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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20
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Livingston DP, Tuong TD. Using Pixel-Based Microscope Images to Generate 3D Reconstructions of Frozen and Thawed Plant Tissue. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2156:119-139. [PMID: 32607979 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0660-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Histological analysis of frozen and thawed plants has been conducted for many years but the observation of individual sections only provides a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional phenomenon. Currently available optical sectioning techniques for viewing internal structures in three dimensions are either low in resolution or the instrument cannot penetrate deep enough into the tissue to visualize the whole plant. Methods using higher resolution equipment are expensive and often require time-consuming training. In addition, conventional stains cannot be used for optical sectioning techniques. We present a relatively simple and less expensive technique using pixel-based (JPEG) images of conventionally stained histological sections of an Arabidopsis thaliana plant. The technique uses commercially available software to generate a 3D representation of internal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tan D Tuong
- USDA-ARS and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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21
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Gracia AU, López-Morató M, Mijares J, Sánchez-Mateos S, Sánchez-Margallo FM, Álvarez IS, Hernández N. Histological cut of a paraffin-embedded blastocyst: Optimized protocol for murine blastocysts. MethodsX 2019; 7:100767. [PMID: 33457212 PMCID: PMC7794613 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraffin-embedded tissues have been used for research and therapeutic applications for decades, as they represent a valuable tool in histology and for molecular analysis, as well as being a way to preserve tissue samples for long periods at a low cost. For tissues such as the liver, lungs, kidney, heart or brain, there are many protocols available, already optimized. The purpose of this work is to optimize and simplify the protocols already available to take a single blastocyst from a mouse, fix it and embed it into a paraffin block without using gelatin, to then perform histological cuts using a microtome, with no need of sophisticated equipment or trained personnel. •The protocol presented here preserves well the morphology of the blastocyst.•Paraffin-embedded sections of the sample can be used for studies such as in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, enzyme histochemistry, DNA, RNA or protein extractions, analysis of biomarkers, characterization of surface markers of stem cells integrated into the embryo, to prepare histological material for educational purposes, etc.•Some of these studies could represent a valuable source of new information for the field of reproductive biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José Mijares
- Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Nuria Hernández
- Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres, Spain
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22
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Huang F, Prokeš L, Němec P, Nazabal V, Havel J. Comparison of Clusters Produced from Sb 2Se 3 Homemade Polycrystalline Material, Thin Films, and Commercial Polycrystalline Bulk Using Laser Desorption Ionization with Time of Flight Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2019; 30:2756-2761. [PMID: 31650464 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02346-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study compared Sb2Se3 material in the form of commercial polycrystalline bulk, sputtered thin film, and homemade polycrystalline material using laser desorption ionization (LDI) time of flight mass spectrometry with quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry. It also analyzed the stoichiometry of the SbmSen clusters formed. The results showed that homemade Sb2Se3 bulk was more stable compared to thin film; its mass spectra showed the expected cluster formation. The use of materials for surface-assisted LDI (SALDI), i.e., graphene, graphene oxide, and C60, significantly increased the mass spectra intensity. In total, 19 SbmSen clusters were observed. Six novel, high-mass clusters-Sb4Se4+, Sb5Se3-6+, and Sb7Se4+-were observed for the first time when using paraffin as a protective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A14, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Prokeš
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A14, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Němec
- Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Virginie Nazabal
- Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR-CNRS 6226, Equipe Verres et Céramiques, Université de Rennes 1, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Josef Havel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A14, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
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23
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Verma TR, Painuly NK, Tyagi M, Johny D, Gupta R, Bhatt MLB. Validation of the Gel & Wax Boluses and Comparison of their Dosimetric Performance with Virtual Bolus. J Biomed Phys Eng 2019; 9:629-636. [PMID: 32039093 PMCID: PMC6943845 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.1177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background In general, radiotherapy treatment planning is performed using the virtual bolus. It is necessary to investigate physical bolus in comparison to virtual one. Objectives In the present study, first, radiological properties of superflab Gel bolus and Paraffin wax bolus was investigated in terms of their relative electron density. Then, dosimetric performance of both the bolus (i.e. Gel and Parafin wax) was compared with Virtual bolus. Material and Methods In This experimental study, the radiological property of Wax and Gel boluses was investigated using two methods. In one, the relative electron density of both the Gel and Wax boluses was calculated by measuring their linear attenuation coefficient where in another method relative electron density was calculated by recording their CT No directly from their CT scan. Later CT scan of solid water slab phantom (dimension 30x30x15 cm3), with physical boluses (i.e. Gel and Wax bolus) of appropriate thicknesses required to deliver a dose of 200 cGy at Dmax using 4 MV, 6 MV and 15 MV photon beams, was taken. These CT data sets were retrieved to TPS. A plan was done to deliver a dose of 200 cGy at Dmax using Single 4 MV, 6 MV and 15 MV photon beams. Dose at depths Dmax, 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm, 4 cm and 5 cm was recorded. Using this similar method, doses at depths viz Dmax, 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm, 4 cm and 5 cm was recorded for the Gel and Wax boluses. The differences in dose of gel and wax bolus from virtual bolus were recorded for comparison of their dosimetric performance. Results The measured (calculated) relative electron density of wax and Gel bolus was found to be 0.958 (0.926) and 0.923 (0.907), respectively. Variation in dosimetric performance of Gel and Wax with reference to Virtual bolus was studied. However, on average, Gel bolus was more consistent with virtual bolus. Conclusion To avoid any dose difference between, delivered (using physical bolus) and planned (using virtual bolus), the physical boluses should be investigated for their dosimetric performance in comparison to virtual bolus. The results obtained and methodology used in this study can be applied in routine radiotherapy practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Verma
- PhD, Department of Radiotherapy, King George's Medical University, UP, Lucknow, India
| | - N K Painuly
- PhD, Department of Radiotherapy, King George's Medical University, UP, Lucknow, India
| | - M Tyagi
- MSc, Department of Radiology &
| | - D Johny
- MSc, Department of Radiotherapy, King George's Medical University, UP, Lucknow, India
| | - R Gupta
- MD, Department of Radiotherapy, King George's Medical University, UP, Lucknow, India
| | - M L B Bhatt
- MD, Department of Radiotherapy, King George's Medical University, UP, Lucknow, India
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24
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Joseph S, Werner HB, Stegmüller J. Gallyas Silver Impregnation of Myelinated Nerve Fibers. Bio Protoc 2019; 9:e3436. [PMID: 33654932 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the nervous system of vertebrates, nerve impulse propagation is accelerated by the ensheathment of neuronal axons with myelin. Myelin sheaths are molecularly specialized, lipid-rich plasma membrane extensions of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS). To visualize myelinated nerve fibers and to allow for the morphological analyses of myelin in the brain and the spinal cord, an efficient method for silver impregnation of myelin has originally been developed by Ferenc Gallyas in 1979, referred to as Gallyas silver impregnation. Gallyas' method is based on the agyrophilic characteristic of myelin to form and bind silver particles, while this process is suppressed in tissues other than myelin. The silver particles are finally enhanced in a developing step ("physical developer"). The main advantage of this method is that it efficiently visualizes both large myelinated fiber tracts and individual myelinated axons. Here we provide our laboratory protocol that is suitable for paraffin embedded sections and the use of light microscopy based on Gallyas' original protocol and subsequent modifications by Pistorio and colleagues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabitha Joseph
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Hauke B Werner
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann Rein Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen
| | - Judith Stegmüller
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Research Training Group 2416 MultiSenses-MultiScales, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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25
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Kurokawa R, Amemiya S, Akashi K, Abe O. Persistent collection of antibiotic ointment masquerading as a lipoma arising at a surgical site. Radiol Case Rep 2019; 14:1423-1426. [PMID: 31695830 PMCID: PMC6823761 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2019.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic ointments are often used to treat or prevent infections in surgical wounds. However, due to a dearth of reports on adverse effects, the complications of the use of such ointments, especially possible long-term effects, are largely unknown. We experienced a unique case of a cystic lesion that developed after surgical site infection treated with gentamicin ointment in a 62-year-old man who underwent subtotal glossectomy for tongue cancer. The antibiotic ointment that was applied following abscess drainage remained there, replacing the abscess cavity and forming an oval mass. The lesion was found incidentally on follow-up MR examination to monitor cancer recurrence. On both T1- and T2-weighted images, it showed high-intensity reflecting oily base material, constituting the ointment, which appeared to be a fat-containing tumor such as a lipoma that had arisen at the surgical site. Echo-guided drainage extracted the ointment, which was seemingly unaltered from the time it was applied 11 months before. We describe the clinical course and imaging findings to acknowledge this potential adverse effect associated with topical antibiotic treatment for surgical site infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kurokawa
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
- Correspondence author.
| | - Shiori Amemiya
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ken Akashi
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Osamu Abe
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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26
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Holavanahalli RK, Helm PA, Kowalske KJ, Hynan LS. Effectiveness of Paraffin and Sustained Stretch in Treatment of Shoulder Contractures Following a Burn Injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2020; 101:S42-9. [PMID: 31562875 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2019.08.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine if range of motion of the shoulder treated with paraffin will be better than that of the shoulder treated with sustained stretch alone. DESIGN Pilot randomized controlled trial. SETTING Regional burn center. PARTICIPANTS Patients (N=23) who sustained a burn injury, with a shoulder active abduction and/or flexion in the +70° to +150° degree range, who were 14 years or older, were receiving follow-up physical therapy after discharge from hospital, and provided a signed consent to participate. INTERVENTIONS Group A received sustained stretch and paraffin, and group B received sustained stretch only. Both groups had 6 sessions of treatment over 2 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Active range of motion (AROM) and active-assisted range of motion (AAROM) for shoulder flexion (SF) and shoulder abduction (SA) were measured before and after each treatment session. RESULTS For pretreatment measurements, only the results for SF AAROM had significant time effects. For posttreatment measurements, SF AROM and SF AAROM had significant effects for time. Session 1 was significantly lower than sessions 2, 3, 4, and 6 for both measures, and additionally, session 1 was significantly lower than session 5 for SF AAROM. For SA AROM, a group-by-time interaction effect was significant, with scores for the paraffin group relatively stable across sessions, and the nonparaffin group had peaks at sessions 3 and 6. There were no significant effects for (1) within-session changes to examine improvement during a session or (2) presession scores across the 6 sessions showing maintenance of motion. Total change from the first session presession measurement to the sixth session postsession measurement for the 2 treatment groups were nonsignificantly different. CONCLUSIONS As shown in this study, sustained stretching with paraffin may be a valuable adjunct to range of motion intervention for the shoulder after burn injury.
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Liu Z, Zhang S, Hu D, Zhang Y, Lv H, Liu C, Chen Y, Sun J. Paraffin/red mud phase change energy storage composite incorporated gypsum-based and cement-based materials: Microstructures, thermal and mechanical properties. J Hazard Mater 2019; 364:608-620. [PMID: 30391851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, paraffin/red mud phase change energy storage composites were fabricated at 4 mix proportions with paraffin to red mud ratios of 0.4:0.6, 0.45:0.55, 0.5:0.5, and 0.55:0.45 by a mixed mill-heating method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) results reveal that paraffin flows well into red mud pores and has good compatibility. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results reveal that the melting temperatures of the paraffin/red mud phase change energy storage composite vary from 75℃ to 85℃, and the latent heat value is approximately 25-40J/g. High thermal stability is observed by the thermogravimetric analysis (TG) method. The Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) isotherms, laser particle sizer, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and laser Raman spectrograph (LRS) show that the phase change energy storage composite does not produce a new material from the raw materials and that the material has a stable performance. Furthermore, the paraffin/red mud phase change energy storage composite was incorporated into the cement-based and gypsum-based materials at 10%, 20%, and 30% weight. The heat storage performance can be improved remarkably with an increase in the addition of phase change energy storage composite replacement. The compressive strength change is minimal with the addition of 10% and 20%, and the compressive strength decreases by nearly 40% with the addition of 30%. The paraffin/red mud phase change energy storage composite has a large influence on the flexural strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Impact and Structural Safety in Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China; JiangSu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Building Energy Saving and Construct Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Construction Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Shu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Impact and Structural Safety in Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Dan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Yunsheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Construction Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Henglin Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Impact and Structural Safety in Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China; JiangSu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Building Energy Saving and Construct Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Yidong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Juan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
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28
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Abstract
Paraffin embedding is a standard technique used in clinical and research laboratories to create a formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) block of tissue. Formalin-fixed tissue undergoes tissue processing and then is embedded in paraffin (wax) to create a FFPE block or paraffin block. The paraffin block can be cut using a microtome to generate thin sections of tissue contained in paraffin to be stained or paraffin tissue ribbons suitable for nucleic acid extraction. In addition, the FFPE blocks can be stored at room temperature for years. Herein, we provide a basic knowledge, and introduce common methods of the paraffin embedding process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Sadeghipour
- Department of Pathology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran Province, Iran.
| | - Pegah Babaheidarian
- Department of Pathology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran Province, Iran
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Merolli A, Louro P, Kohn J. Reciprocal nerve staining (RNS) for the concurrent detection of choline acetyltransferase and myelin basic protein on paraffin-embedded sections. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 311:235-238. [PMID: 30391262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Objective of our work was to develop a sequential double nonfluorescent immunostaining method which allows the selective identification of myelinated motor fibers in paraffin-embedded samples of peripheral nerves. Motor recovery after a nerve gap-lesion repaired by artificial nerve-guides ("conduits") is often less complete and slower than sensory recovery. The mechanism for this is not fully understood. NEW METHOD Incubation in sheep polyclonal choline acetyltransferase antibody (Abcam 18,736) at dilution of 1:150 was followed by incubation in mouse monoclonal anti-myelin basic protein antibody (Abcam 62,631) at a dilution of 1:5000. Counterstaining was performed with hematoxylin QS (Vector Labs H-3404). RESULTS Immunostaining of choline acetyltransferase and myelin basic protein can be combined together and results show a good contrast between the light brown of the choline acetyltransferase reaction product and the green of myelin basic protein reaction product. Cell nuclei are stained blue. This new protocol retains the advantages of paraffin embedded sections such as (i) having a relatively simple methodology, (ii) years-long storage life, and (iii) easy sharing among laboratories. Comparison with existing method. This specific combinatorial protocol has never been used before on paraffin embedded sections. It has been named "reciprocal nerve staining" (RNS). CONCLUSIONS Routine combination of choline acetyltransferase and myelin basic protein immunostaining provides a highly specific, highly contrasted paraffin-embedded sections where optical differentiation of myelinated motor fibers is easy and straightforward. This method will likely simplify and speed-up the routine histological study of nerve regeneration and will contribute a better identification of the nerve motor component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Merolli
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers- The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States
| | - Pedro Louro
- Research Pathology Services, Rutgers -The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States
| | - Joachim Kohn
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers- The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States
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Liu P, Tseng G, Wang Z, Huang Y, Randhawa P. Diagnosis of T-cell-mediated kidney rejection in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues using RNA-Seq-based machine learning algorithms. Hum Pathol 2018; 84:283-290. [PMID: 30296518 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Molecular diagnosis is being increasingly used in transplant pathology to render more objective and quantitative determinations that also provide mechanistic and prognostic insights. This study performed RNA-Seq on biopsies from kidneys with stable function (STA) and biopsies with classical findings of T-cell-mediated rejection (TCMR). Machine learning tools were used to develop prediction models for distinguishing TCMR and STA samples using the top genes identified by DSeq2. The prediction models were tested on 703 biopsies with Affymetrix chip gene expression profiles available in the public domain. Linear discriminant analysis predicted TCMR in 55 of 67 biopsies labeled TCMR, and 65 of 105 biopsies designated as antibody-mediated rejection. The random forest and support vector machine models showed comparable performance. These data illustrate the feasibility of using RNA-Seq for molecular diagnosis of TCMR in formalin-fixed tissue. Application of the derived diagnostic algorithms to publicly available data sets demonstrates frequent coexistence of TCMR in biopsies designated as antibody-mediated rejection. This underrecognition of TCMR in renal allograft biopsies has significant implications with respect to patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - George Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Zijie Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yuchen Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Parmjeet Randhawa
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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31
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Yeware A, Sarkar D. Novel red fluorescence protein based microplate assay for drug screening against dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis by using paraffin. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 110:15-19. [PMID: 29779767 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The hypoxia model of dormancy is widely used in drug screening programs to identify novel inhibitors against latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis disease. In earlier reported microplate assays, hypoxia was maintained by either sealing the microplate or shifting in an anaerobic chamber to develop dormant phenotype. In these assays, inhibitors were added during inoculation, which mainly represents the active stage inhibitors instead of the dormant ones. Herein, the culture was covered with paraffin to develop hypoxia condition and consequently providing the advantage of adding compounds at any stage during incubation of 96-well plate. The stable expression of the red fluorescent protein in the bacilli under both actively growing as well as dormant conditions also facilitate the reliable estimation of growth and inhibition kinetics of bacilli in medium. Furthermore, S/N ratio and Z' factor of this assay were found to be > 27 and 0.91-0.94 respectively, which confirm the robustness of the protocol. This newly developed drug-screening assay offers an easy, inexpensive, safe and high throughput-screening tool to search novel antitubercular inhibitors against both active and dormant bacilli. The red fluorescent H37Ra strain is a suitable surrogate for the more virulent H37Rv strain, and thus this effort will help in combating latent tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Yeware
- Academy of Sciences and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NCL Pune, India; Combi Chem Bio Resource Center, Organic Chemistry Division, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Dhiman Sarkar
- Academy of Sciences and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NCL Pune, India; Combi Chem Bio Resource Center, Organic Chemistry Division, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India.
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Segarra A, Romero K, Agraz I, Ramos N, Madrid A, Carnicer C, Jatem E, Vilalta R, Lara LE, Ostos E, Valtierra N, Jaramillo J, Arredondo KV, Ariceta G, Martinez C. Mesangial C4d Deposits in Early IgA Nephropathy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 13:258-264. [PMID: 29146701 PMCID: PMC5967419 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.02530317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The prognostic value of mesangial C4d deposits in IgA nephropathy has been analyzed in patients with reduced GFR but has not been analyzed in those with normal kidney function. The main objective of the study was to analyze the prognostic value of C4d deposits and association with response to treatment in patients with IgA nephropathy and normal GFR. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS This retrospective cohort study included 190 patients with idiopathic IgA nephropathy diagnosed by kidney biopsy between 1988 and 2005. The patients had GFR≥80 ml/min per 1.73 m2 at the time of diagnosis, and they had a paraffin-embedded kidney biopsy with eight glomeruli available. RESULTS In total, 170 (89%) and 20 (11%) patients were >18 and <18 years old, respectively; median (interquartile range) follow-up was 15 (12-22) years. Mesangial C4d deposit prevalence was 20% (38 of 190). At diagnosis, C4d-positive versus -negative patients had higher protein-to-creatinine ratio (median [interquartile range]: 1.94 g/g [0.9-3.1] versus 1.45 g/g [0.9-2.2]; P=0.04). During follow-up, C4d-positive patients showed a higher number of nephritic flares (median [range]: 1.4 [0-5] versus 0.9 [0-2]; P=0.04), had a higher protein-to-creatinine ratio (median [interquartile range]: 1.32 g/g [0.7-1.7] versus 0.89 g/g [0.1-1.3]; P<0.01), were more prone to receive repeated treatment with corticosteroids (45% versus 24%; P<0.01), and showed a larger reduction in eGFR (-1.6 versus -0.8 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year; P=0.04). Furthermore, the presence of mesangial C4d deposits was an independent predictor of long-term kidney survival. CONCLUSIONS C4d deposits may be one of the earliest poor prognostic variables available for patients with idiopathic IgA nephropathy and normal kidney function at the time of diagnosis. However, Cd4 deposits alone are not associated with the response to angiotensin blockers or corticosteroid treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elias Jatem
- Unidad de Investigación de Nefrologia Clínica, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | | | | | - Elena Ostos
- Unidad de Investigación de Nefrologia Clínica, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Naiara Valtierra
- Unidad de Investigación de Nefrologia Clínica, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; and
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Li M, Guo Q, Nutt S. Carbon nanotube/ paraffin/montmorillonite composite phase change material for thermal energy storage. Sol Energy 2017; 146:1-7. [PMID: 28579647 PMCID: PMC5437839 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A composite phase change material (PCM) comprised of organic montmorillonite (OMMT)/paraffin/grafted multi-walled nanotube (MWNT) is synthesized via ultrasonic dispersion and liquid intercalation. The microstructure of the composite PCM has been characterized to determine the phase distribution, and thermal properties (latent heat and thermal conductivity) have been measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and a thermal constant analyzer. The results show that paraffin molecules are intercalated in the montmorillonite layers and the grafted MWNTs are dispersed in the montmorillonite layers. The latent heat is 47.1 J/g, and the thermal conductivity of the OMMT/paraffin/grafted MWNT composites is 34% higher than that of the OMMT/paraffin composites and 65% higher than that of paraffin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Construction Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- International Institute for Urban System Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Qiangang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Construction Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Steven Nutt
- Dept of Chemical Eng & Materials Sci, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90089, USA
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Esiukova E. Plastic pollution on the Baltic beaches of Kaliningrad region, Russia. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 114:1072-1080. [PMID: 27726936 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of sandy beaches of the Baltic Sea in Kaliningrad region is evaluated on the base of surveys carried out from June 2015 to January 2016. Quantity of macro/meso/microplastic objects in the upper 2cm of the sandy sediments of the wrack zone at 13 sampling sites all along the Russian coast is reported. Occurrence of paraffin and amber pieces at the same sites is pointed out. Special attention is paid to microplastics (range 0.5-5mm): its content ranges between 1.3 and 36.3 items per kg dry sediment. The prevailing found type is foamed plastic. No sound differences in contamination are discovered between beaches with high and low anthropogenic load. Mean level of contamination is of the same order of magnitude as has been reported by other authors for the Baltic Sea beaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Esiukova
- Atlantic Branch of P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Mira, 1, Kaliningrad 236022, Russia.
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Abstract
The Sudan-Black-B (SBB) histochemical stain is well known to specifically react against lipofuscin, an aggregate of oxidized proteins, lipids, and metals. Lipofuscin is related to many ageing processes. It is also known to accumulate in senescent cells. We recently proved that lipofuscin detection, when applying the SBB staining, is highly specific for the visualization of senescent cells. Here, we present in detail this SBB method that can detect senescent cells in any material, irrespective of its preparation. This provides unique advantages not only in understanding physiological processes and the pathophysiology of various diseases but also in estimating the response to therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Evangelou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Athens, 11527, Greece.
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Chon W, Koo JY, Park MJ, Choi KU, Park HJ, Park NC. Paraffin Granuloma Associated with Buried Glans Penis-Induced Sexual and Voiding Dysfunction. World J Mens Health 2017; 35:129-132. [PMID: 28868821 PMCID: PMC5583370 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.2017.35.2.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A paraffinoma is a type of inflammatory lipogranuloma that develops after the injection of an artificial mineral oil, such as paraffin or silicon, into the foreskin or the subcutaneous tissue of the penis for the purpose of penis enlargement, cosmetics, or prosthesis. The authors experienced a case of macro-paraffinoma associated with sexual dysfunction, voiding dysfunction, and pain caused by a buried glans penis after a paraffin injection for penis enlargement that had been performed 35 years previously. Herein, this case is presented with a literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonhee Chon
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ja Yun Koo
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Min Jung Park
- The Korea Institute for Public Sperm Bank, Busan, Korea
| | - Kyung Un Choi
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyun Jun Park
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.,The Korea Institute for Public Sperm Bank, Busan, Korea
| | - Nam Cheol Park
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.,The Korea Institute for Public Sperm Bank, Busan, Korea.
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Santacreu ES, Cabezas NV, Graupera AB. Combined treatment with paraffin, manual therapy, pegboard and splinting in a patient with post-traumatic stiff hand. Arch Physiother 2016; 6:14. [PMID: 29340195 PMCID: PMC5759923 DOI: 10.1186/s40945-016-0028-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The stiff hand is a still common, severe complication of hand injuries. Case presentation We report here the case of a 56 year-old woman, professional goldsmith, who suffered a distal radius fracture of her right hand. The patient was treated with surgery followed by four weeks of immobilization, and developed a stiff hand. Physical examination showed mild inflammatory signs, pain and a major limitation in the extension and supination of the wrist, and in the mobility of the II, III, IV and V metacarpophalangeal (-5° and 32° of average passive extension and flexion, respectively) and interphalangeal (-35° and 73° of average passive extension and flexion, respectively) joints. There was a lack of slip of the flexor tendons. The diagnosis of complex regional pain syndrome was considered although it could not be definitely established. After five months of adverse evolution the patient was referred to our center where a combined intervention with paraffin, manual therapy, prolonged active and passive stretch on a pegboard, and splinting was applied. After initiation of this therapy, a marked change in the evolution of the pain, the mobility and functionality of the hand was observed. At the end of the rehabilitation program the patient was able to fully resume her job. Conclusion The present case illustrates the need of intensive treatment for post-traumatic hand stiffness, and describes, as an original contribution, a combined intervention therapy including paraffin, manual therapy, pegboard and splinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Santacreu Santacreu
- Rehabilitation Service, Area of Traumatology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Pg Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Barcelona, 08035 Spain
| | - Núria Villanueva Cabezas
- Rehabilitation Service, Area of Traumatology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Pg Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Barcelona, 08035 Spain
| | - Asunción Bosch Graupera
- Rehabilitation Service, Area of Traumatology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Pg Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Barcelona, 08035 Spain
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Katsumi H, Tominaga M, Tajiri M, Shimizu S, Sakazaki Y, Kinoshita T, Okamoto M, Kawayama T, Hoshino T. A case of lipoid pneumonia caused by inhalation of vaporized paraffin from burning candles. Respir Med Case Rep 2016; 19:166-168. [PMID: 27766199 PMCID: PMC5065644 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A 66-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for investigation of interstitial lung disease. She had spent most of her time in a shrine, and had always been exposed to vaporized paraffin from burning candles. Chest High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT)showed ground-glass attenuation with thickening of septal lines, wh create the so-called "crazy-paving appearance". Although bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL) and transbronchial biopsy were performed to aid in diagnosis, the findings did not reveal any conclusive information. Improvements on chest radiographs and in the patient's symptoms were observed without any therapeutic intervention; however, one year later, her chest X-ray showed deteriorative changes. Surgical lung biopsy was performed, and the pathological findings were consistent with those of lipoid pneumonia. The patient showed spontaneous remission of the disease. The cause of exogenous lipoid pneumonia was attributed to inhalation of vaporized paraffin from burning candles in the shrine. This is the first case of lipoid pneumonia that was found to develop from exposure to vaporized paraffin.
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Lopez IA, Ishiyama G, Hosokawa S, Hosokawa K, Acuna D, Linthicum FH, Ishiyama A. Immunohistochemical techniques for the human inner ear. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 146:367-87. [PMID: 27480257 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1471-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we provide a description of the recent methods used for immunohistochemical staining of the human inner ear using formalin-fixed frozen, paraffin and celloidin-embedded sections. We also show the application of these immunohistochemical methods in auditory and vestibular endorgans microdissected from the human temporal bone. We compare the advantages and disadvantages of immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the different types of embedding media. IHC in frozen and paraffin-embedded sections yields a robust immunoreactive signal. Both frozen and paraffin sections would be the best alternative in the case where celloidin-embedding technique is not available. IHC in whole endorgans yields excellent results and can be used when desiring to detect regional variations of protein expression in the sensory epithelia. One advantage of microdissection is that the tissue is processed immediately and IHC can be made within 1 week of temporal bone collection. A second advantage of microdissection is the excellent preservation of both morphology and antigenicity. Using celloidin-embedded inner ear sections, we were able to detect several antigens by IHC and immunofluorescence using antigen retrieval methods. These techniques, previously applied only in animal models, allow for the study of numerous important proteins expressed in the human temporal bone potentially opening up a new field for future human inner ear research.
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Willaert W, De Somer F, Grabherr S, D'Herde K, Pattyn P. Post-mortem Reperfusion of a Pig: a First Step to a New Surgical Training Model? Indian J Surg 2015; 77:712-5. [PMID: 26730095 DOI: 10.1007/s12262-013-0961-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this experimental study was to establish a short-term post-mortem circulation in a pig model using liquid paraffin. This study also investigated the quality of vascular perfusion in the peripheral tissues. This is the first step in the development of a new revascularized human surgical training model. This first experience was performed on the hind leg of a pig. Initial cannulation of the external iliac artery and vein was followed by connection of the arterial inflow to a heart-lung machine and using the venous outflow to flush post-mortem clots and blood. Subsequently, after connecting the venous outflow to the heart-lung machine, circulation was initiated. Circulation was established during 27 min, during which the flow was constantly 130 mL/min. A steady increase in inlet pressure was observed during the experiment, which finally reached a minimum value of 124 mmHg. Perfusion was interrupted early due to an uncontrollable fluid leak. Afterwards, the distal hind leg was incised showing an equal distribution of paraffin. A short-term revascularization was successfully re-established under excellent conditions. Although the results are promising, further experiments are necessary to eventually perform a wide range of surgical procedures on revascularized human cadavers.
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Kim H, Lee JA, Sim HJ, Lima MD, Baughman RH, Kim SJ. Temperature-Responsive Tensile Actuator Based on Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube Yarn. Nanomicro Lett 2016; 8:254-259. [PMID: 30460285 PMCID: PMC6223678 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-016-0084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Many temperature indicators or sensors show color changes for materials used in food and medical fields. However, they are not helpful for a color-blind person or children who lack judgment. In this paper, we introduce simply fabricated and more useful low-temperature indicator (~30 °C) for devices that actuates using paraffin-infiltrated multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) coiled yarn. The density difference of MWCNT yarn provides large strain (~330 %) when heat causes the melted polymer to move. Furthermore, the MWCNT yarn decreases the melting point of paraffin. These properties allow control of the actuating temperature. In addition, mechanical strength was enhanced by MWCNT than previously reported temperature-responsive actuators based on shape memory polymers. This simply fabricated temperature indicator can be applied in latching devices for medical and biological fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsoo Kim
- Center for Self-powered Actuation and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 South Korea
| | - Jae Ah Lee
- Center for Self-powered Actuation and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 South Korea
- The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA
| | - Hyeon Jun Sim
- Center for Self-powered Actuation and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 South Korea
| | - Márcio D. Lima
- The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA
| | - Ray H. Baughman
- The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA
| | - Seon Jeong Kim
- Center for Self-powered Actuation and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 South Korea
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Romão W, Tose LV, Vaz BG, Sama SG, Lobinski R, Giusti P, Carrier H, Bouyssiere B. Petroleomics by Direct Analysis in Real Time-Mass Spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2016; 27:182-185. [PMID: 26432579 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1266-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of crude oil and its fractions by applying ambient ionization techniques remains underexplored in mass spectrometry (MS). Direct analysis in real time (DART) in the positive-ion mode was coupled to a linear quadrupole ion trap Orbitrap mass spectrometer (LTQ Orbitrap) to analyze crude oil, paraffin samples, and porphyrin standard compounds. The ionization parameters of DART-MS were optimized for crude oil analysis. DART-MS rendered the optimum conditions of the operation using paper as the substrate, T = 400°C, helium as the carrier gas, and a sample concentration ≥6 mg mL(-1). In the crude oils analysis, the DART(+)-Orbitrap mass spectra detected the typical N, NO, and O-containing compounds. In the paraffin samples, oxidized hydrocarbon species (Ox classes, where x = 1-4) with double-bond equivalent of 1-4 were detected, and their structures and connectivity were confirmed by collision-induced dissociation (CID) experiments. DART(+)-MS has identified the porphyrin standard compounds as [M + H](+) ions of m/z 615.2502 and 680.1763, where M = C44H30N4 and C44H28N4OV, respectively, based on the formula assignment and by phenyl losses observed on CID experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanderson Romão
- Laboratório de Petroleômica e Forense, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29075-910, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo, 29106-010, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil.
| | - Lilian V Tose
- Laboratório de Petroleômica e Forense, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29075-910, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Boniek G Vaz
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Sara G Sama
- LCABIE-IPREM, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Hélioparc, 2 Av. Pr. Angot, 64053, Pau CEDEX, France
- TOTAL Raffinage Chimie, TRTG, BP 27, 76700, Harfleur, France
| | - Ryszard Lobinski
- LCABIE-IPREM, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Hélioparc, 2 Av. Pr. Angot, 64053, Pau CEDEX, France
| | - Pierre Giusti
- TOTAL Raffinage Chimie, TRTG, BP 27, 76700, Harfleur, France
| | - Hervé Carrier
- LFR-R, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Av. de l'Université, BP 576, 64012, Pau CEDEX, France
| | - Brice Bouyssiere
- LCABIE-IPREM, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Hélioparc, 2 Av. Pr. Angot, 64053, Pau CEDEX, France.
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Abstract
Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that specializes in lipid metabolism and is distributed throughout the body in distinct white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) depots. These tissues have opposing roles in lipid metabolism with WAT storing excessive caloric intake in the form of lipid, and BAT burning lipid through nonshivering thermogenesis. As accumulation of lipid in mature adipocytes of WAT leads to obesity and increased risk of comorbidity (Pi-Sunyer et al., 1998), detailed understanding of the mechanisms of BAT activation and WAT accumulation could produce therapeutic strategies for combatting metabolic pathologies. As morphological changes accompany alterations in adipose function, imaging of adipose tissue is one of the most important tools for understanding how adipose tissue mass fluctuates in response to various physiological contexts. Therefore, this chapter details several methods of processing and imaging adipose tissue, including bright-field colorimetric imaging of paraffin-sectioned adipose tissue with a detailed protocol for automated adipocyte size analysis; fluorescent imaging of paraffin and frozen-sectioned adipose tissue; and confocal fluorescent microscopy of whole mounted adipose tissue. We have also provided many example images showing results produced using each protocol, as well as commentary on the strengths and limitations of each approach.
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Oh J, Park SH, Lee TS, Oh HK, Choi JH, Choi YS. High expression of epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 is correlated with poor differentiation and poor prognosis in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. J Gynecol Oncol 2014; 25:334-41. [PMID: 25142627 PMCID: PMC4195305 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2014.25.4.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 (EGFL7) in epithelial ovarian cancer, and to assess its relevance to clinicopathological characteristics and patients' survival. Methods A total of 177 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer were enrolled in the current study. For each patient, a retrospective review of medical records was conducted. Immunohistochemical staining for EGFL7 was performed using tissue microarrays made with paraffin-embedded tissue block. EGFL7 expression levels were graded on a grade of 0 to 3 based on the percentage of positive cancer cells. We analyzed the correlations between the expression of EGFL7 and various clinical parameters, and also analyzed the survival outcome according to the EGFL7 expression. Results The expression of EGFL7 in ovarian cancer tissues was observed in 98 patients (55.4%). High expression of EGFL7 (grade 2 or 3) was significantly correlated with pathologic type, differentiation, stage, residual tumor after debulking surgery, lymphovascular space involvement, lymph node metastasis, high cancer antigen 125, peritoneal cytology, and ascites. Among these clinicopathologic factors, differentiation was significantly correlated with EGFL7 expression in multivariate analysis (p<0.05). Survival analysis showed that the patients with high EGFL7 expression had a poorer disease free survival than those with low EGFL7 expression (p=0.002). Conclusion Our data suggest that EGFL7 expression is a novel predictive factor for the clinical progression of epithelial ovarian cancer, and may constitute a therapeutic target for antiangiogenesis therapy in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinju Oh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of Daegu, School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sung Hae Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of Daegu, School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Tae Sung Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of Daegu, School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hoon Kyu Oh
- Department of Pathology, Catholic University of Daegu, School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung Hye Choi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Kyung Hee University College of Pharmacy, Seoul, Korea.; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youn Seok Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of Daegu, School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
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Cawich SO, Harnarayan P, Islam S, Nahmorah J. B, Budhooram S, Ramsewak S, Ramdass MJ, Naraynsingh V. Topical "soft candle" applications for infected diabetic foot wounds: a cause for concern? Int J Biomed Sci 2014; 10:111-7. [PMID: 25018679 PMCID: PMC4092078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS There is a cultural barrier to early medical intervention for diabetic foot infections in Trinidad & Tobago, stemming from the strong cultural belief in "soft candle" as effective treatment. We carried out a case-control study to evaluate the outcomes of "soft candle" to treat diabetic foot infections. METHODS ALL CONSECUTIVE PATIENTS ADMITTED WITH DIABETIC FOOT INFECTIONS WERE INTERVIEWED TO COLLECT DATA ON: demographics, medical history, unhealthy lifestyle markers (exposure to risk factors for chronic diseases), chosen treatment and details of "soft candle" use. The hospital records were accessed on discharge to records the main outcome measures: HbA1c readings, duration of hospitalization, amputation and in-hospital mortality. Two groups were defined: The control group included patients who sought medical attention after detecting a foot infection. The study group included patients who recognized their infection but voluntarily chose to utilize "soft candle" regimens. We excluded patients who voluntarily chose to use other forms of non-traditional treatment or sought no treatment at all. Outcomes were compared using SPSS ver 19. A two-tailed P value was calculated for variables of interest in each group using Fisher's exact test. The duration of hospitalization between the groups was compared using paired T-Test. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS There were 442 patients who met inclusion criteria: There were 60 patients in the study group at an average age of 55.2 years (SD ± 11.4; range 43-88): 63% had HBA1c readings >7.0% at presentation and 95% had unhealthy lifestyle habits. There were 382 patients in the control group at an average age of 59.1 years (SD ± 12.6, Range 37-89): 74% with HBA1c readings >7.0% at presentation and 48% with unhealthy lifestyle habits. Patients who used "soft candle" had significantly longer duration of hospitalization (15.5 ± 10.2 vs 9.2 ± 3.9 days; P<0.001) and major amputations (13.3% vs 5.6%; P=0.048) that was considered clinically significant. There was no difference in minor amputations (31.7% vs 34.3%; P=0.770) or in-hospital mortality (1.7% vs 0.52%; P=0.355) between the groups. CONCLUSION In its current form, the traditional practice of topical "soft candle" application to diabetic foot wounds may be potentially harmful. Persons with diabetes should be warned about these effects. We have identified the target population for educational campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamir O. Cawich
- Department of Clinical Surgical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
| | - Patrick Harnarayan
- Department of Surgery, San Fernando General Hospital, Trinidad & Tobago, West Indies
| | - Shariful Islam
- Department of Surgery, San Fernando General Hospital, Trinidad & Tobago, West Indies
| | - Bobb Nahmorah J.
- Department of Clinical Surgical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
| | - Steve Budhooram
- Department of Surgery, San Fernando General Hospital, Trinidad & Tobago, West Indies
| | - Shivaa Ramsewak
- Department of Clinical Surgical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
| | - Michael J. Ramdass
- Department of Clinical Surgical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
| | - Vijay Naraynsingh
- Department of Clinical Surgical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
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Chibishev A, Simonovska N. Acute unintentional intoxication with paraffin in a 25-year old patient - clinical case report. J Forensic Leg Med 2014; 26:1-4. [PMID: 25066163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2014.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
"Fire-breathing" or "fire-eating" is a special kind of street art where the acts are always stunning, spectacular and amazing. People exhibiting this kind of show are professionals, not rare amateurs, who use different kind of fuels, usually hydrocarbons, in order to produce a pillar of fire. Intoxications caused by ingestion or inhalation of liquid paraffin, used as a fuel while performing, are numerous and various. We present a clinical case report of a 25-year old, previously healthy, amateur "fire-breather". During October, 2010 this young men arrived at the Emergency Unit of the University Clinic for toxicology and Urgent Internal Medicine in a severe clinical condition, after his unsuccessful attempt to perform real "fire-breathing". He had fever, strong headaches, mild abdominal and chest pain and he also had difficulties breathing and persistent dry cough. The patient was extremely dyspneic with peripheral cyanosis and shortness of breath. "Fire-breathers" must be viewed as a population at risk of paraffin-induced pneumonia, which has low mortality rate, but still is related with numerous and various chronic complications. Our patient was first in a life threatening, extremely serious clinical condition which was urgently treated with appropriate vigorous and effective therapy. This therapeutic protocol led to successful full recovery of these young men, who luckily didn't exhibit any chronic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andon Chibishev
- University Clinic for Toxicology and Urgent Internal Medicine, Ul. Vodnjanska 17, Skopje, Former Yugolav Republic of Macedonia, The.
| | - Natasa Simonovska
- University Clinic for Toxicology and Urgent Internal Medicine, Ul. Vodnjanska 17, Skopje, Former Yugolav Republic of Macedonia, The.
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Gevaart-Durkin A, Swart D, Chowdhury Z. A study of energy-related injuries from hospital admissions among children and adults in South Africa. Burns 2014; 40:1209-18. [PMID: 24480370 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Burn and ingestion injuries are common in developing countries because of poor access to safe energy sources, crowded living conditions, and insufficient knowledge of potential risks. The purpose of this study is to understand the scope of burn and ingestion injuries due to various energy source usages in South Africa. METHODS Patients at 16 regional hospitals throughout South Africa presenting with an energy-related injury between 2006 and 2012 were interviewed to obtain demographics and injury characteristics. RESULTS A total of 12,443 patients were included in this study. Children aged 1-2 years predominantly experienced burn and ingestion injuries (21%). Liquid burns (30%) were more common than flame burns (14%). Chi-squared tests show that age was significantly related to degree of burn, type of burn, and severity of burn (p<0.001). Non-intentional injuries (45%) were more frequent than self-inflicted or assault injuries. Temporal and seasonal injury trends reflect usage patterns. Burn injuries result in longer hospital length of stay than ingestion injuries. CONCLUSION Non-intentional liquid burns and ingestions to infants and babies were most common in this study, with many injuries also occurring among young adults. It is advised that interventions targeting low-income communities be conducted to increase awareness of burn and ingestion injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gevaart-Durkin
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States.
| | - D Swart
- Research and Education, Paraffin Safety Association of Southern Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Z Chowdhury
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
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Liu JH, Jia YP, Chen YT, Xu RD. Microbial treatment for prevention and removal of paraffin deposition on the walls of crude pipelines. Indian J Microbiol 2014; 53:482-4. [PMID: 24426154 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-013-0402-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Two bacterial strains, paraffin removal strain and biosurfactant-producing strain, named BHJ-1 and QFL-1, were isolated from oil production wells in Daqing oilfield of China. They were subsequently identified as Bacillus cereus QAU68 and Bacillus subtilis XCCX, respectively. As an indicator of the degradation paraffin, the inoculum concentration of BHJ-1 and QFL-1 were added in different proportions, the optimum proportion was 5:2. In this proportion the degradation rate of paraffin could reach 64 %, the prevention rate of paraffin could reach 55 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Hong Liu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Chemical Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, 163318 Heilongjiang China
| | - Yun Peng Jia
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Chemical Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, 163318 Heilongjiang China
| | - Yi Tong Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Chemical Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, 163318 Heilongjiang China
| | - Rui Dan Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 Fujian China
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Wu CJ, Chen YP, Wang HC, Su IJ, Ko WC, Chen JS, Cheng CN, Lee NY, Sun HS, Chi CY, Chen TY. Identification of fungal pathogens from clinical specimens using multi-locus PCR coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 78:141-3. [PMID: 24268535 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS) was successfully used to identify a variety of fungi, including mixed fungal species, from 10 of 12 clinical specimens (10 culture-negative) of biopsy tissues or body fluids from patients with fungal infections. The application of PCR/ESI-MS for identifying fungal pathogens is discussed.
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50
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Kim KH, Choi SJ, Choi YI, Kim L, Park IS, Han JY, Kim JM, Chu YC. In-house Manual Construction of High-Density and High-Quality Tissue Microarrays by Using Homemade Recipient Agarose- Paraffin Blocks. Korean J Pathol 2013; 47:238-44. [PMID: 23837016 PMCID: PMC3701819 DOI: 10.4132/koreanjpathol.2013.47.3.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Self-made tissue punches can be effectively used to punch holes in blank recipient paraffin blocks and extract tissue cores from the donor paraffin blocks for the low-cost construction of tissue microarrays (TMAs). However, variable degrees of section distortion and loss of the tissue cores can occurs during cutting of the TMAs, posing technical problems for in-house manual construction of high-density TMAs. We aimed to update the method for in-house manual TMA construction to improve the quality of high-density TMAs. Methods Blocks of agarose gel were subjected to the standard tissue processing and embedding procedure to prepare recipient agarose-paraffin blocks. The self-made tissue punches and recipient agarose-paraffin blocks were used to construct TMAs, which were completely melted and re-embedded in paraffin to make finished TMA blocks. Results The donor tissue cores were completely integrated into the surrounding paraffin of the recipient blocks. This method enabled us to construct high-density TMAs with significantly less section distortion or loss of tissue cores during microtomy. Conclusions Simple and inexpensive construction of high-density and high-quality TMAs can be warranted by using paraffinized agarose gels as recipient blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Inha University Hospital, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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