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Carrillo P, González-Olalla JM, J Cabrerizo M, Villar-Argaiz M, Medina-Sánchez JM. Uneven response of phytoplankton-bacteria coupling under Saharan dust pulse and ultraviolet radiation in the south-western Mediterranean Sea. Sci Total Environ 2024; 927:172220. [PMID: 38588733 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The microbial carbon (C) flux in the ocean is a key functional process governed by the excretion of organic carbon by phytoplankton (EOC) and heterotrophic bacterial carbon demand (BCD). Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) levels in upper mixed layers and increasing atmospheric dust deposition from arid regions may alter the degree of coupling in the phytoplankton-bacteria relationship (measured as BCD:EOC ratio) with consequences for the C-flux through these compartments in marine oligotrophic ecosystem. Firstly, we performed a field study across the south-western (SW) Mediterranean Sea to assess the degree of coupling (BCD:EOC) and how it may be related to metabolic balance (total primary production: community respiration; PPT:CR). Secondly, we conducted a microcosm experiment in two contrasting areas (heterotrophic nearshore and autotrophic open sea) to test the impact of UVR and dust interaction on microbial C flux. In the field study, we found that BCD was not satisfied by EOC (i.e., BCD:EOC >1; uncoupled phytoplankton-bacteria relationship). BCD:EOC ratio was negatively related to PPT:CR ratio across the SW Mediterranean Sea. A spatial pattern emerged, i.e. in autotrophic open sea stations uncoupling was less severe (BCD:EOC ranged 1-2), whereas heterotrophic nearshore stations uncoupling was more severe (BCD:EOC > 2). In the experimental study, in the seawater both enriched with dust and under UVR, BCD:EOC ratio decreased by stimulating autotrophic processes (particulate primary production (PPP) and EOC) in the heterotrophic nearshore area, whereas BCD:EOC increased by stimulating heterotrophic processes [heterotrophic bacterial production (HBP), bacterial growth efficiency (BGE), bacterial respiration (BR)] in the autotrophic open sea. Our results show that this spatial pattern could be reversed under future UVR × Dust scenario. Overall, the impact of greater dust deposition and higher UVR levels will alter the phytoplankton-bacteria C-flux with consequences for the productivity of both communities, their standing stocks, and ultimately, the ecosystem's metabolic balance at the sea surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Presentación Carrillo
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación del Agua, Universidad de Granada, C/ Ramón y Cajal, nº4, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Juan Manuel González-Olalla
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación del Agua, Universidad de Granada, C/ Ramón y Cajal, nº4, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Marco J Cabrerizo
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación del Agua, Universidad de Granada, C/ Ramón y Cajal, nº4, 18071, Granada, Spain; Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Manuel Villar-Argaiz
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación del Agua, Universidad de Granada, C/ Ramón y Cajal, nº4, 18071, Granada, Spain; Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Juan Manuel Medina-Sánchez
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación del Agua, Universidad de Granada, C/ Ramón y Cajal, nº4, 18071, Granada, Spain; Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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Madureira KH, Ferreira V, Callisto M. Rehabilitation of tropical urban streams improves their structure and functioning. Sci Total Environ 2024; 926:171935. [PMID: 38527547 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Urban streams are affected by a complex combination of stressors, which modify physical habitat structure, flow regime, water quality, biological community composition, and ecosystem processes and services, thereby altering ecosystem structure and functioning. Rehabilitation projects have been undertaken in several countries to rehabilitate urban streams. However, stream rehabilitation is still rarely reported for neotropical regions. In addition, most studies focus on structural aspects, such as water quality, sediment control, and flood events, without considering ecosystem function indicators. Here, we evaluated the structure and functioning of three 15-y old rehabilitated urban stream sites in comparison with three stream sites in the best available ecological condition (reference), three sites with moderate habitat alteration, and three severely degraded sites. Compared to degraded streams, rehabilitated streams had higher habitat diversity, sensitive macroinvertebrate taxa richness, and biotic index scores, and lower biochemical oxygen demand, primary production, sediment deposition, and siltation. However, rehabilitated streams had higher primary production than moderate and reference streams, and lower canopy cover, habitat diversity, sensitive macroinvertebrate taxa richness, and biotic index scores than reference streams. These results indicate that rehabilitated streams have better structural and functional condition than degraded streams, but do not strongly differ from moderately altered streams, nor have they reached reference stream condition. Nonetheless, we conclude that rehabilitation is effective in removing streams from a degraded state by improving ecosystem structure and functioning. Furthermore, the combined use of functional and structural indicators facilitated an integrative assessment of stream ecological condition and distinguished stream conditions beyond those based on water quality indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline H Madureira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Laboratório de Ecologia de Bentos, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CP 486, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Verónica Ferreira
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Marcos Callisto
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Laboratório de Ecologia de Bentos, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CP 486, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Madge Pimentel I, Baikova D, Buchner D, Burfeid Castellanos A, David GM, Deep A, Doliwa A, Hadžiomerović U, Mayombo NAS, Prati S, Spyra MA, Vermiert AM, Beisser D, Dunthorn M, Piggott JJ, Sures B, Tiegs SD, Leese F, Beermann AJ. Assessing the response of an urban stream ecosystem to salinization under different flow regimes. Sci Total Environ 2024; 926:171849. [PMID: 38537828 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Urban streams are exposed to a variety of anthropogenic stressors. Freshwater salinization is a key stressor in these ecosystems that is predicted to be further exacerbated by climate change, which causes simultaneous changes in flow parameters, potentially resulting in non-additive effects on aquatic ecosystems. However, the effects of salinization and flow velocity on urban streams are still poorly understood as multiple-stressor experiments are often conducted at pristine rather than urban sites. Therefore, we conducted a mesocosm experiment at the Boye River, a recently restored stream located in a highly urbanized area in Western Germany, and applied recurrent pulses of salinity along a gradient (NaCl, 9 h daily of +0 to +2.5 mS/cm) in combination with normal and reduced current velocities (20 cm/s vs. 10 cm/s). Using a comprehensive assessment across multiple organism groups (macroinvertebrates, eukaryotic algae, fungi, parasites) and ecosystem functions (primary production, organic-matter decomposition), we show that flow velocity reduction has a pervasive impact, causing community shifts for almost all assessed organism groups (except fungi) and inhibiting organic-matter decomposition. Salinization affected only dynamic components of community assembly by enhancing invertebrate emigration via drift and reducing fungal reproduction. We caution that the comparatively small impact of salt in our study can be due to legacy effects from past salt pollution by coal mining activities >30 years ago. Nevertheless, our results suggest that urban stream management should prioritize the continuity of a minimum discharge to maintain ecosystem integrity. Our study exemplifies a holistic approach for the assessment of multiple-stressor impacts on streams, which is needed to inform the establishment of a salinity threshold above which mitigation actions must be taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Madge Pimentel
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Daria Baikova
- Aquatic Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dominik Buchner
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Gwendoline M David
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Stechlin, Germany
| | - Aman Deep
- Biodiversity, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Annemie Doliwa
- Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Una Hadžiomerović
- Aquatic Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Prati
- Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Anna-Maria Vermiert
- Ruhr University Bochum, Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniela Beisser
- Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Westphalian University of Applied Sciences, Recklinghausen, Germany
| | - Micah Dunthorn
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeremy J Piggott
- Zoology and Trinity Centre for the Environment, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Bernd Sures
- Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Research Center One Health Ruhr of the University Alliance Ruhr, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Scott D Tiegs
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Florian Leese
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Arne J Beermann
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Siems A, Zimmermann T, Sanders T, Pröfrock D. Dissolved trace elements and nutrients in the North Sea-a current baseline. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:539. [PMID: 38733446 PMCID: PMC11088546 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Primary production is an important driver of marine carbon storage. Besides the major nutrient elements nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicon, primary production also depends on the availability of nutrient-type metals (e.g., Cu, Fe, Mo) and the absence of toxicologically relevant metals (e.g., Ni, Pb). Especially in coastal oceans, carbon storage and export to the open ocean is highly variable and influenced by anthropogenic eutrophication and pollution. To model future changes in coastal carbon storage processes, a solid baseline of nutrient and metal concentrations is crucial. The North Sea is an important shelf sea, influenced by riverine, atmospheric, Baltic Sea, and North Atlantic inputs. We measured the concentrations of dissolved nutrients (NH4+, NO3-, PO43-, and SiO44-) and 26 metals in 337 water samples from various depths within the entire North Sea and Skagerrak. A principal component analysis enabled us to categorize the analytes into three groups according to their predominant behavior: tracers for seawater (e.g., Mo, U, V), recycling (e.g., NO3-, PO43-, SiO44-), and riverine or anthropogenic input (e.g., Ni, Cu, Gd). The results further indicate an increasing P-limitation and increasing anthropogenic gadolinium input into the German Bight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Siems
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany
- Institute of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tristan Zimmermann
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Tina Sanders
- Institute of Carbon Cycles, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Daniel Pröfrock
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany.
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Han X, Xun F, Zhu X, Zhao C, Luo W, Liu Y, Wang M, Xu D, Wan S, Wu QL, Xing P. Mechanism of organic phosphorus transformation and its impact on the primary production in a deep oligotrophic plateau lake during stratification. Water Res 2024; 254:121420. [PMID: 38492478 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Global warming is leading to extended stratification in deep lakes, which may exacerbate phosphorus (P) limitation in the upper waters. Conversion of labile dissolved organic P (DOP) is a possible adaptive strategy to maintain primary production. To test this, the spatiotemporal distributions of various soluble P fractions and phosphomonesterase (PME)/phosphodiesterase (PDE) activities were investigated in Lake Fuxian during the stratification period and the transition capacity of organic P and its impact on primary productivity were evaluated. The results indicated that the DOP concentration (mean 0.20 ± 0.05 μmol L-1) was significantly higher than that of dissolved inorganic P (DIP) (mean 0.08 ± 0.03 μmol L-1) in the epilimnion and metalimnion, which were predominantly composed of orthophosphate monoester (monoester-P) and orthophosphate diesters (diester-P). The low ratio of diester-P / monoester-P and high activities of PME and PDE indicate DOP mineralization in the epilimnion and metalimnion. We detected a DIP threshold of approximately 0.19 μmol L-1, corresponding to the highest total PME activity in the lake. Meta-analysis further demonstrated that DIP thresholds of PME activities were prevalent in oligotrophic (0.19 μmol L-1) and mesotrophic (0.74 μmol L-1) inland waters. In contrast to the phosphate-sensitive phosphatase PME, dissolved PDE was expressed independent of phosphate availability and its activity invariably correlated with chlorophyll a, suggesting the involvement of phytoplankton in DOP utilization. This study provides important field evidence for the DOP transformation processes and the strategy for maintaining primary productivity in P-deficient scenarios, which contributes to the understanding of P cycles and the mechanisms of system adaptation to future long-term P limitations in stratified waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Fan Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Xianlong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Wenlei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; The Fuxianhu Station of Deep Lake Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengjiang 652500, China
| | - Yanru Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Man Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Di Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Shiqiang Wan
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Qinglong L Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; The Fuxianhu Station of Deep Lake Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengjiang 652500, China; Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Peng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Rubin-Blum M, Makovsky Y, Rahav E, Belkin N, Antler G, Sisma-Ventura G, Herut B. Active microbial communities facilitate carbon turnover in brine pools found in the deep Southeastern Mediterranean Sea. Mar Environ Res 2024; 198:106497. [PMID: 38631226 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Discharge of gas-rich brines fuels productive chemosynthetic ecosystems in the deep sea. In these salty, methanic and sulfidic brines, microbial communities adapt to specific niches along the physicochemical gradients. However, the molecular mechanisms that underpin these adaptations are not fully known. Using metagenomics, we investigated the dense (∼106 cell ml-1) microbial communities that occupy small deep-sea brine pools found in the Southeastern Mediterranean Sea (1150 m water depth, ∼22 °C, ∼60 PSU salinity, sulfide, methane, ammonia reaching millimolar levels, and oxygen usually depleted), reaching high productivity rates of 685 μg C L-1 d-1 ex-situ. We curated 266 metagenome-assembled genomes of bacteria and archaea from the several pools and adjacent sediment-water interface, highlighting the dominance of a single Sulfurimonas, which likely fuels its autotrophy using sulfide oxidation or inorganic sulfur disproportionation. This lineage may be dominant in its niche due to genome streamlining, limiting its metabolic repertoire, particularly by using a single variant of sulfide: quinone oxidoreductase. These primary producers co-exist with ANME-2c archaea that catalyze the anaerobic oxidation of methane. Other lineages can degrade the necromass aerobically (Halomonas and Alcanivorax), or anaerobically through fermentation of macromolecules (e.g., Caldatribacteriota, Bipolaricaulia, Chloroflexota, etc). These low-abundance organisms likely support the autotrophs, providing energy-rich H2, and vital organics such as vitamin B12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Rubin-Blum
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel; The Department of Marine Biology, Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Yizhaq Makovsky
- The Dr. Moses Strauss Department of Marine Geosciences, Charney School of Marine Sciences , University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; The Hatter Department of Marine Technologies, Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eyal Rahav
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel
| | - Natalia Belkin
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gilad Antler
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel; The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences, Eilat, Israel
| | - Guy Sisma-Ventura
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel
| | - Barak Herut
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel; The Dr. Moses Strauss Department of Marine Geosciences, Charney School of Marine Sciences , University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Papantoniou G, Zervoudaki S, Assimakopoulou G, Stoumboudi MT, Tsagarakis K. Ecosystem-level responses to multiple stressors using a time-dynamic food-web model: The case of a re-oligotrophicated coastal embayment (Saronikos Gulf, E Mediterranean). Sci Total Environ 2023; 903:165882. [PMID: 37574071 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiple stressors may combine in unexpected ways to alter the structure of ecological systems, however, our current ability to evaluate their ecological impact is limited due to the lack of information concerning historic trophic interactions and ecosystem dynamics. Saronikos Gulf is a heavily exploited embayment in the E Mediterranean that has undergone significant ecological alterations during the last 20 years including a shift from long-standing eutrophic to oligotrophic conditions in the mid-2000's. Here we used a historical Ecopath food-web model of Saronikos Gulf (1998-2000) and fitted the time-dynamic module Ecosim to biomass and catch time series for the period 2001-2020. We then projected the model forward in time from 2021 to 2050 under 8 scenarios to simulate ecosystem responses to the individual and combined effect of sea surface temperature increase, primary productivity shifts and fishing effort release. Incorporating trophic interactions, climate warming, fishing and primary production improved model fit, depicting that both fishing and the environment have historically influenced ecosystem dynamics. Retrospective simulations of the model captured historical biomass and catch trends of commercially important stocks and reproduced successfully the marked recovery of marine resources 10 years after re-oligotrophication. In future scenarios increasing temperature had a detrimental impact on most functional groups, increasing and decreasing productivity had a positive and negative effect on all respectively, while fishing reductions principally benefited top predators. Combined stressors produced synergistic or antagonistic effects depending on the direction and magnitude of change of each stressor in isolation while their overall impact seemed to be strongly mediated via food-web interactions. Such holistic approaches advance of our mechanistic understanding of ecosystems enabling us to develop more effective management strategies in the face of a rapidly changing marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Papantoniou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7 km Athinon-Souniou Ave, P.O. BOX 712, Anavyssos, GR19013, Greece.
| | - Soultana Zervoudaki
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, 46.7 km Athinon-Souniou Ave, P.O. BOX 712, Anavyssos, GR19013, Greece
| | - Georgia Assimakopoulou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, 46.7 km Athinon-Souniou Ave, P.O. BOX 712, Anavyssos, GR19013, Greece
| | - Maria Th Stoumboudi
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7 km Athinon-Souniou Ave, P.O. BOX 712, Anavyssos, GR19013, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsagarakis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7 km Athinon-Souniou Ave, P.O. BOX 712, Anavyssos, GR19013, Greece
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Herzberg R, Schneider F, Banse M. Policy instruments to reduce food loss prior to retail - Perspectives of fruit and vegetable supply chain actors in Europe. Waste Manag 2023; 170:354-365. [PMID: 37769434 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Food loss and waste burdens the food system with an unnecessary use of natural resources such as soil, land and water as well as with the avoidable generation of further climate-relevant emissions. These negative externalities may provide a rationale for public sector intervention where feasible and efficient. Semi-structured interviews with 22 experts (farmers, producer organisations and retailers) in Germany and a questionnaire survey with 215 suppliers of a retailing company from Germany, Spain and Italy were conducted. The material reveals the perspectives and claims of relevant actors in upstream fruit and vegetable supply chains on political intervention. Stakeholders identified policy instruments from four overarching thematic categories: (I) communicative and cooperative policies, (II) subsidisation and food prices, (III) regulation and political framework conditions and (IV) questioning of necessity and effectiveness of food loss interventions. Four further categories of private sector measures were identified: (I) mechanisation, innovation and process optimisation, (II) communication and cooperation, (III) reconditioning and repackaging and (IV) processing, alternative marketing and redistribution. Issues that should be addressed by policy include consumer education and awareness, supply chain cooperation and power relations, food prices, marketing standards, alternative marketing and processing and promotion of technologies, infrastructure and agronomic practices to reduce food loss. The study shows that additional leverage points for policy action are still unrecognised and that stakeholders should be more involved in tackling the root causes of food loss. These policies should be holistically embedded in the sustainability transformation of the food system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Herzberg
- Thünen Institute of Market Analysis, Bundesallee 63, Braunschweig, 38116, Germany.
| | - Felicitas Schneider
- Thünen Institute of Market Analysis, Bundesallee 63, Braunschweig, 38116, Germany.
| | - Martin Banse
- Thünen Institute of Market Analysis, Bundesallee 63, Braunschweig, 38116, Germany.
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9
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Egea LG, Pérez-Estrada CJ, Jiménez-Ramos R, Hernández I, López-López S, Brun FG. Changes in carbon metabolism and dissolved organic carbon fluxes on seagrass patches (Halodule wrightii) with different ages in Southern Gulf of California. Mar Environ Res 2023; 191:106136. [PMID: 37591164 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Seagrass meadows are highly dynamic, particularly in sites where extreme climatological events may produce a mosaic of patches with different ages. This study evaluates the community carbon metabolism, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fluxes and associated fauna in patches of Halodule wrightii with different ages since establishment. Net community production declined as patch age increased, probably due to the increase in non-photosynthetic tissues, higher respiration rates of the community assemblage and a likely increase in self-shading of the canopy. The export of DOC was significantly higher in the youngest patches, mainly as a consequence of the lower seagrass net production recorded in older meadows. We concluded that 'colonizers' seagrass species may show higher production rates and DOC release during the first stages of colonization, which suggest that, the production, organic carbon exportation and their role as relevant blue carbon communities may be higher than expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis G Egea
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEIMAR), 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain.
| | - Claudia J Pérez-Estrada
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEIMAR), 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C., Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, 23096 La Paz, BCS, Mexico
| | - Rocío Jiménez-Ramos
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEIMAR), 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain
| | - Ignacio Hernández
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEIMAR), 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain
| | - Silverio López-López
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional s/n, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, C. P. 23096, La Paz, BCS, Mexico
| | - Fernando G Brun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEIMAR), 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain
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10
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Lozano IL, González-Olalla JM, Medina-Sánchez JM. New Insights for the Renewed Phytoplankton-Bacteria Coupling Concept: the Role of the Trophic Web. Microb Ecol 2023; 86:810-824. [PMID: 36574041 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02159-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that in many aquatic ecosystems bacterioplankton is dependent on and regulated by organic carbon supplied by phytoplankton, leading to coupled algae-bacteria relationship. In this study, an in-depth analysis of this relationship has been carried out by combining two approaches: (i) a correlation analyses between heterotrophic bacterial production (BP) vs. primary production (PP) or algal excretion of organic carbon (EOC), (ii) the balance between bacterial carbon demands (BCD) and the supply of C as EOC, measured as BCD:EOC ratio. During the study period (2013-2016), the algae-bacteria relationship was constantly changing from a coupling in 2013, uncoupling in 2014 and 2015, and an incipient return to coupling (in 2016). Our results show that top-down control (bacterivory) by algal mixotrophy acts as a decoupling force since it provides a fresh C source different to algal EOC to satisfy bacterial carbon demands. Notably, a relationship between the BCD:EOC ratio and the ecosystem metabolic balance (Primary production (PP): respiration (R)) was found, suggesting that PP:R may be a good predictor of the algae-bacteria coupling. This analysis, including the comparison between basal and potential ecosystem metabolic balance, can be a tool to improve knowledge on the interaction between both biotics compartments, which the traditional analyses on coupling may not capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- I L Lozano
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J M González-Olalla
- Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University, Utah, 84322, USA.
- University Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - J M Medina-Sánchez
- University Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
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11
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Akada H, Kodama T, Yamaguchi T. Eutrophication trends in the coastal region of the Great Tokyo area based on long-term trends of Secchi depth. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15764. [PMID: 37529211 PMCID: PMC10389074 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The coastal ocean's environment has changed owing to human activity, with eutrophication becoming a global concern. However, oligotrophication occurs locally and decreases fish production. Historically, the Secchi depth has been used as an index of primary productivity. We analyzed the results of over-a-half-century routine observations conducted in Sagami Bay and Tokyo Bay to verify the eutrophication/oligotrophication trend based on Secchi depth observations in a temperate coastal region near the Greater Tokyo area, which is highly affected by human activities. Methods Data recorded in the Kanagawa Prefecture from 1963 to 2018 were used in this study. After quality control, the observation area was divided into Tokyo Bay, the Uraga Channel (outer part of Tokyo Bay), Sagami Bay (northern part), and Sagami Nada (southern part of Sagami Bay) based on temperature and salinity at a depth of 10 m. Because the environmental parameters showed autocorrelation, time-series and correlation analyses were conducted using generalized least squares (GLS) models with a Prais-Winsten estimator. Results The Secchi depth was the shallowest in Tokyo Bay, followed by the Uraga Channel, Sagami Bay, and Sagami Nada, and was deep in winter (December and January), and shallow in summer (July) in all regions. The correlated analyses using the GLS model indicated that the shallowing of Secchi depth was significantly associated with decreases in temperature, salinity, and phosphate concentration. However, time-series analyses using GLS models indicated that the Secchi depth was significantly shallower, except in Tokyo Bay, where the surface temperature was significantly warming and the surface phosphate and nitrite concentrations decreased everywhere. A significant shallowing trend of the Secchi depth was mostly observed during the light-limiting season (January-March). Discussion Correlation analyses suggested the importance of horizontal advective transport, particularly from Tokyo Bay, which has cold and less saline eutrophic water. However, long-term shallowing of the Secchi depth was associated with warming, and changes in salinity were not significant in most months when the Secchi depth trend was significant. Thus, horizontal advection is not the primary cause of long-term eutrophication. Because the eutrophication trend was primarily observed in winter, when light is the major limiting factor of primary production, we concluded that warming provides a better photoenvironment for phytoplankton growth and induces eutrophication. As a decline in anthropogenic nutrient input after 1990s was reported in the investigated area, the long-term eutrophication trend was most likely caused due to global warming, which is another alarming impact resulting from human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Akada
- Kanagawa Prefectural Fisheries Technology Center, Miura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Kodama
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tamaha Yamaguchi
- Fisheries Resources Institute, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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12
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Jarvis BM, Hagy JD, Melendez W, Simmons CW, Wan Y. Measuring and modeling diel oxygen dynamics in a shallow hypereutrophic estuary: Implications of low oxygen exposure on aquatic life. Sci Total Environ 2023; 882:163474. [PMID: 37068685 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia, or low dissolved oxygen (DO) is a common outcome of excess nitrogen and phosphorus delivered to coastal waterbodies. Shallow and highly productive estuaries are particularly susceptible to diel-cycling hypoxia, which can exhibit DO excursions between anoxia (DO ≤1 mg L-1) and supersaturated concentrations within a day. Shallow estuaries exhibiting diel-cycling hypoxia are understudied relative to larger and deeper estuaries, with very few mechanistic models that can predict diel oxygen dynamics. We utilized continuous monitoring data and the Coastal Generalized Ecosystem Model (CGEM) coupled with an Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) hydrodynamic model to simulate diel DO dynamics in Weeks Bay, AL. Low oxygen conditions ranging from anoxia to DO ≤4 mg L-1 were consistently observed and simulated in the lower water column for periods of minutes to >11 h. High frequency observations and model simulations also identified significant vertical gradients in near bottom DO that varied as much as 0.8 to 3.1 mg L-1 within 0.4 m from the bottom. This spatiotemporal variability presents unique challenges to adequately quantify DO dynamics and the potential exposure of aquatic life to low oxygen conditions. Our results demonstrate the need for detailed measurements to adequately quantify the complex DO dynamics in shallow estuaries. We also demonstrate that simulation models can be successfully applied to evaluate diel oxygen dynamics in complex estuarine environments when calibrated with fine time scale data and effective parameterization of water column and benthic metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Jarvis
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA.
| | - James D Hagy
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - Wilson Melendez
- General Dynamics Information Technology, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Cody W Simmons
- General Dynamics Information Technology, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Yongshan Wan
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA
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13
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Chinfak N, Sompongchaiyakul P, Charoenpong C, Wu Y, Du J, Jiang S, Zhang J. Riverine and submarine groundwater nutrients fuel high primary production in a tropical bay. Sci Total Environ 2023; 877:162896. [PMID: 36933731 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
River discharge has long been recognized as a major source of nutrients supporting high primary production (PP) in Bandon Bay, while submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and atmospheric deposition have largely been overlooked. In this study, we evaluated contributions of nutrients via river, SGD and atmospheric deposition, and their roles on PP in the bay. Contribution of nutrients from the three sources during different time of the year was estimated. Nutrients supply from Tapi-Phumduang River accounted for two-fold the amount from SGD while very little supply was from atmospheric deposition. Significant seasonal difference in silicate and dissolved inorganic nitrogen were observed in river water. Dissolved phosphorous in river water was mainly (80 % to 90 %) of DOP in both seasons. For the bay water, DIP in wet season was two-fold higher than in dry season while dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) was only one half of those measured in dry season. In SGD, dissolved nitrogen was mostly inorganic (with 99 % as NH4+), while dissolved phosphorous was predominantly (DOP). In general, Tapi River is the most important source of nitrogen (NO3-, NO2-, and DON), contributing >70 % of all considered sources, especially in wet season, while SGD is a major source for DSi, NH4+ and phosphorus, contributing 50 % to 90 % of all considered sources. To this end, Tapi River and SGD deliver a large quantity of nutrients and support high PP in the bay (337 to 553 mg-C m-2 day-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Narainrit Chinfak
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Penjai Sompongchaiyakul
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chawalit Charoenpong
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Ying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jinzhou Du
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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14
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Zhao H, Jia G, Xu X, Zhang A, Wang H. Divergent effects of intensified precipitation on primary production in global drylands. Sci Total Environ 2023:164736. [PMID: 37295516 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Amplification of hydrological cycle under warming climate is anticipated to result in intensified precipitation characterized by fewer, more intense events and correspondingly longer dry intervals between events, even without major changes in annual total precipitation. Vegetation gross primary production (GPP) in drylands is highly responsive to intensified precipitation, however, how intensified precipitation influences GPP in global drylands is not well understood. Based on multiple satellite datasets from 2001 to 2020 and in-situ measurements, we investigated the effects of intensified precipitation on global drylands GPP under diverse annual total precipitation along the bioclimate gradient. Dry, normal, and wet years were identified as years with annual precipitation anomalies below, within, and above the range of one standard deviation. Intensified precipitation led to increases or decreases of GPP during dry or normal years, respectively. However, such effects were largely weakened during wet years. The responses of GPP to intensified precipitation were mirrored by soil water availability, as intensified precipitation enhanced root zone soil moisture, and thus vegetation transpiration and precipitation use efficiency during dry years. During wet years, root zone soil moisture showed less response to changed precipitation intensity. Land cover types and soil texture regulated the magnitude of the effects along the bioclimate gradient. Under intensified precipitation, shrubland and grassland distributed in drier region with coarse soil texture showed greater increases of GPP during dry years. As global precipitation will likely further intensify, the impacts of intensified precipitation on dryland carbon uptake capacity will be highly diverse along the bioclimate gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichen Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Gensuo Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiyan Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Anzhi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hesong Wang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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15
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Levallois A, Vivier B, Caplat C, Goux D, Orvain F, Lebel JM, Claquin P, Chasselin L, Basuyaux O, Serpentini A. Aluminium-based galvanic anode impacts the photosynthesis of microphytobenthos and supports the bioaccumulation of metals released. Aquat Toxicol 2023; 258:106501. [PMID: 36989926 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Very few studies have looked at the potential biological effects of degradation products of galvanic anodes particularly on primary producers which are central to food webs in marine ecosystems. The galvanic anode cathodic protection system (GACP) is widely used to protect submerged metallic structures from corrosion. Aluminium (Al) and zinc (Zn) are the main constituents of galvanic anodes and are therefore released in the marine environment by oxidation process to form ions or oxy-hydroxides. The main objective of our study was to evaluate the effects of the metals released from an aluminium-based galvanic anode on microphytobenthos performance in term of biofilm growing through the analysis of photosynthetic parameters, the determination of chlorophyll and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The bioaccumulation of Al and Zn were measured in the microphytobenthic compartment collected at the surface of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plates exposed during 13 days to seawaters enriched in different concentrations of metals released from dissolution of one anode. Determination of bioconcentration factors confirmed that the microphytobenthos has incorporated Al. A significative effect was observed on the Chl a concentration for the higher tested concentration ([Al] = 210.1 ± 60.2 µg L - 1; [Zn] = 20.2 ± 1.4 µg L - 1). The seawater exposed to the anode affected the MPB productivity (ETRIImax) with consequences on acclimatation light (Ek), absorption cross section of PSII (σPII), Fv/Fm and NPQ. Regarding the EPS production, the anode degradation presented an impact on high and low molecular weight of both carbohydrates and protein fractions of microphytobenthos suggesting that EPS play an essential role in sequestering metal contaminants to maintain the integrity of the biological membranes and the functionality of the cellular organelles. The accumulation of Al released by GACP in microphytobenthos cells could lead to physiologic problems in photosynthetic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Levallois
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) Université de Caen Normandie UNICAEN, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UA, CNRS 8067, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Baptiste Vivier
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) Université de Caen Normandie UNICAEN, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UA, CNRS 8067, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Christelle Caplat
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) Université de Caen Normandie UNICAEN, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UA, CNRS 8067, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Didier Goux
- Centre de Microscopie Appliquée à la Biologie (CMABio3), Normandie Univ, US EMerode, Esplanade de la Paix, Université de Caen Normandie, 14032 Caen Cedex, France; CRISMAT, Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, CRISMAT, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Francis Orvain
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) Université de Caen Normandie UNICAEN, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UA, CNRS 8067, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Jean-Marc Lebel
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) Université de Caen Normandie UNICAEN, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UA, CNRS 8067, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Pascal Claquin
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) Université de Caen Normandie UNICAEN, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UA, CNRS 8067, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Léo Chasselin
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) Université de Caen Normandie UNICAEN, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UA, CNRS 8067, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Olivier Basuyaux
- Synergie Mer et littoral (SMEL), Zac de Blainville, F-50560 Blainville-sur-Mer
| | - Antoine Serpentini
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) Université de Caen Normandie UNICAEN, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UA, CNRS 8067, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, F-14032 Caen, France.
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16
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Hee YY, Weston K, Suratman S, Akhir MF, Latif MT, Valliyodan S. Biogeochemical and physical drivers of hypoxia in a tropical embayment (Brunei Bay). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:65351-65363. [PMID: 37081368 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26948-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved oxygen is an ecologically critical variable with the prevalence of hypoxia one of the key global anthropogenic issues. A study was carried out to understand the causes of low dissolved oxygen in Brunei Bay, northwest Borneo. Hypoxia was widespread in bottom waters in the monsoonal dry season with dissolved oxygen < 2 mg/L throughout the coastal zone. This was a result of riverine nutrient input primarily from the Padas river driving excess primary production and its subsequent sinking into stratified bottom water where its decomposition consumed oxygen. Despite higher riverine nutrient input in the wet season hypoxia was less extensive due to the combination of turbidity reducing coastal primary production, the intrusion of oxygen-rich water from the South China Sea into offshore bottom layer waters and horizontal flushing increase advection of phytoplankton biomass out of the bay. Future investigation of hypoxia in shallow tropical regions therefore needs to consider the role of monsoonal season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yet Yin Hee
- Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Keith Weston
- Independent Environmental Consultant, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Suhaimi Suratman
- Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fadzil Akhir
- Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Talib Latif
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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17
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Griffin-Nolan RJ, Felton AJ, Slette IJ, Smith MD, Knapp AK. Traits that distinguish dominant species across aridity gradients differ from those that respond to soil moisture. Oecologia 2023; 201:311-322. [PMID: 36640197 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05315-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Many plant traits respond to changes in water availability and might be useful for understanding ecosystem properties such as net primary production (NPP). This is especially evident in grasslands where NPP is water-limited and primarily determined by the traits of dominant species. We measured root and shoot morphology, leaf hydraulic traits, and NPP of four dominant North American prairie grasses in response to four levels of soil moisture in a greenhouse experiment. We expected that traits of species from drier regions would be more responsive to reduced water availability and that this would make these species more resistant to low soil moisture than species from wetter regions. All four species grew taller, produced more biomass, and increased total root length in wetter treatments. Each species reduced its leaf turgor loss point (TLP) in drier conditions, but only two species (one xeric, one mesic) maintained leaf water potential above TLP. We identified a suite of traits that clearly distinguished species from one another, but, surprisingly, these traits were relatively unresponsive to reduced soil moisture. Specifically, more xeric species produced thinner roots with higher specific root length and had a lower root mass fraction. This suggest that root traits are critical for distinguishing species from one another but might not respond strongly to changing water availability, though this warrants further investigation in the field. Overall, we found that NPP of these dominant grass species responded similarly to varying levels of soil moisture despite differences in species morphology, physiology, and habitat of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Griffin-Nolan
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA. .,Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA. .,Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, 95053, USA.
| | - Andrew J Felton
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.,Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.,Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, 92866, USA.,Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Ingrid J Slette
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.,Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.,Long Term Ecological Research Network Office, National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93101, USA
| | - Melinda D Smith
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.,Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Alan K Knapp
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.,Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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18
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Kwon YS, La HS, Kang HW, Park J. A regional-scale approach for modeling primary production and biogenic silica export in the Southern Ocean. Environ Res 2023; 217:114811. [PMID: 36414105 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Persistent uncertainties in the representations of net primary production (NPP) and silicate in the Southern Ocean have been noted in recent assessments ofthe ocean biogeochemical components of Earth system models (ESMs). Consequently, more mechanistic studies at the regional scale are required. To reduce these uncertainties, we applied a one-dimensional (1D) marine ecosystem model to different bioregions in the Southern Ocean: the Polar Frontal Zone in the Pacific sector, the seasonal sea ice zone in the northwestern Ross Sea, and the inner shelf of Terra Nova Bay. To make the existing ecosystem model applicable to the Southern Ocean, we modified the phytoplankton physiology (stoichiometry depending on species) and the silicate cycle (dissolution rate of biogenic silica (BSi) depending on latitude) in the model. We quantified and compared seasonal variations in several limitation factors of NPP, namely, iron, irradiance, silicate and temperature, in the three regions. The simulation results showed that dissolved iron plays the most significant role in determining the magnitude of NPP and the phytoplankton community structure during summer. Additionally, the modified model successfully reproduced the vertical flux of BSi and particulate organic carbon (POC). The POC export efficiency was high in the inner shelf zone, which had high levels of iron concentration, NPP, and Phaeocystis biomass. In contrast, BSi export occurred most efficiently in the Polar Frontal Zone, where diatoms are dominant, the BSi dissolution rate is low, and NPP is extremely low. Our results from the integrated mechanistic framework at the regional scale demonstrate which specific processes should be urgently included in ESMs for better representation of the biogeochemical dynamics in the Southern Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Shin Kwon
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, Republic of Korea; Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Sul La
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyoun-Woo Kang
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Park
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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19
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Tilstone GH, Land PE, Pardo S, Kerimoglu O, Van der Zande D. Threshold indicators of primary production in the north-east Atlantic for assessing environmental disturbances using 21 years of satellite ocean colour. Sci Total Environ 2023; 854:158757. [PMID: 36108866 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Primary production (PP) is highly sensitive to changes in the ecosystem and can be used as an early warning indicator for disturbance in the marine environment. Historic indicators of good environmental status of the north-east (NE) Atlantic and north-west (NW) European Seas suggested that daily PP should not exceed 2-3 g C m-2 d-1 during phytoplankton blooms and that annual rates should be <300 g C m-2 yr-1. We use 21 years of Copernicus Marine Service (CMEMS) Ocean Colour data from September 1997 to December 2018 to assess areas in the NE Atlantic with similar peak, climatology, phenology and annual PP values. Daily and annual thresholds of the 90th percentile (P90) of PP are defined for these areas and PP values above these thresholds indicate disturbances, both natural and anthropogenic, in the marine environment. Two case studies are used to test the validity and accuracy of these thresholds. The first is the eruption of the volcano Eyjafjallajökull, which deposited large volumes of volcanic dust (and therefore iron) into the NE Atlantic during April and May 2010. A clear signature in both PP and chlorophyll-a (Chl a) was evident from 28th April to 6th May and from 18th to 27th May 2010, when PP exceeded the PP P90 threshold for the region, which was comparatively more sensitive than Chl a P90 as an indicator of this disturbance. The second case study was for the riverine input of total nitrogen and phosphorus, along the Wadden Sea coast in the North Sea. During years when total nitrogen and phosphorus were above the climatology maximum, there was a lag signature in both PP and Chl a when PP exceeded the PP P90 threshold defined for the study area which was slightly more sensitive than Chl a P90. This technique represents an accurate means of determining disturbances in the environment both in the coastal and offshore waters in the NE Atlantic using remotely sensed ocean colour data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin H Tilstone
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, West Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK.
| | - Peter E Land
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, West Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK
| | - Silvia Pardo
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, West Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK
| | - Onur Kerimoglu
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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20
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Gooding DC. Social anhedonia and other indicators of risk for schizophrenia: Theory and inquiry. Psychiatry Res 2023; 319:114966. [PMID: 36436399 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this commentary, the author traces theoretical contributions that fueled her interest in the role of social/interpersonal striving, relating, and enjoyment in terms of schizophrenia. Social anhedonia is discussed in the context of schizophrenia. The author reviews selective empirical evidence indicating that social anhedonia has a unique role in terms of risk for schizophrenia as well as schizophrenia outcome. Other risk indicators for adult schizophrenia-spectrum outcomes are briefly considered. The author discusses the measurement of social anhedonia across the lifespan and transdiagnostically. Finally, this commentary offers a critique of current strategies for risk calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Carol Gooding
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States of America.
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21
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Conan P, Philip L, Ortega-Retuerta E, Odobel C, Duran C, Pandin C, Giraud C, Meistertzheim AL, Barbe V, Ter Hall A, Pujo-Pay M, Ghiglione JF. Evidence of coupled autotrophy and heterotrophy on plastic biofilms and its influence on surrounding seawater. Environ Pollut 2022; 315:120463. [PMID: 36272613 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We measured phytoplankton primary production and heterotrophic bacterial activities on microplastics and seawater in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea during two 3-month spring periods over 2 consecutive years. Microorganisms growing on a 5 mm diameter low density polyethylene films (LDPE; 200 μm thick) faced two contrasting conditions depending on the year. Spring 2018 was characterized by consistent nutrient inputs and bloom development. In spring 2019, nutrient inputs and bloom were low. For the first time, we observed a clear coupling between primary production and heterotrophic prokaryote production on microplastics during both years, but with different intensity between years that reflected the crucial role of the trophic environmental conditions (nutrient supply) in shaping microbial activities on plastics. We found that high primary production on plastics could support the whole (net autotrophy) or the majority of the bacterial carbon demand needed for heterotrophic activities, supplemented by other carbon sources if surrounding waters are highly productive. We propose that microbial activity on plastics influences the microbial community in the surrounding seawater, especially when the environmental conditions are less favorable. An illustrative image of the role of plastics in the environment could be that of an inverter in an electrical circuit that mitigates both positive and negative variations. Our results highlight the potential role of the plastisphere in shaping biogeochemical cycles in the context of increasing amounts of plastic particles in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Conan
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS LOMIC - UMR 7621, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, 1 Avenue Pierre Fabre, 66650, Banyuls sur Mer, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS OSU STAMAR - UAR2017, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252, Paris cedex 05, France.
| | - Léna Philip
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS LOMIC - UMR 7621, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, 1 Avenue Pierre Fabre, 66650, Banyuls sur Mer, France; SAS Plastic@Sea, Sorbonne Université (UPMC), CNRS LOMIC - UMR 7621, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, 1 Avenue Pierre Fabre, 66650, Banyuls sur Mer, France
| | - Eva Ortega-Retuerta
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS LOMIC - UMR 7621, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, 1 Avenue Pierre Fabre, 66650, Banyuls sur Mer, France
| | - Charlène Odobel
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS LOMIC - UMR 7621, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, 1 Avenue Pierre Fabre, 66650, Banyuls sur Mer, France
| | - Clélia Duran
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS LOMIC - UMR 7621, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, 1 Avenue Pierre Fabre, 66650, Banyuls sur Mer, France
| | - Caroline Pandin
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS LOMIC - UMR 7621, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, 1 Avenue Pierre Fabre, 66650, Banyuls sur Mer, France
| | - Carolane Giraud
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS LOMIC - UMR 7621, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, 1 Avenue Pierre Fabre, 66650, Banyuls sur Mer, France; CNRS, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, Ifremer (LEAD-NC), IRD, Univ Nouvelle-Calédonie, Univ La Réunion, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Anne-Leila Meistertzheim
- SAS Plastic@Sea, Sorbonne Université (UPMC), CNRS LOMIC - UMR 7621, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, 1 Avenue Pierre Fabre, 66650, Banyuls sur Mer, France
| | - Valérie Barbe
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057, Evry, France
| | - Alexandra Ter Hall
- CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Laboratoire des Interactions Moléculaires et Réactivité Chimique et Photochimique (IMRCP), UMR, 5623, Toulouse, France
| | - Mireille Pujo-Pay
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS LOMIC - UMR 7621, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, 1 Avenue Pierre Fabre, 66650, Banyuls sur Mer, France
| | - Jean-François Ghiglione
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS LOMIC - UMR 7621, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, 1 Avenue Pierre Fabre, 66650, Banyuls sur Mer, France
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22
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Sakamaki T, Morita A, Touyama S, Watanabe Y, Suzuki S, Kawai T. Effects of watershed land use on coastal marine environments: A multiscale exploratory analysis with multiple biogeochemical indicators in fringing coral reefs of Okinawa Island. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 183:114054. [PMID: 36007269 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The analytical spatial scale and selection of biogeochemical indicators affect interpretations of land-use impacts on coastal marine environments. In this study, nine biogeochemical indicators were sampled from 36 locations of coral reefs fringing a subtropical island, and their relationships with watershed land use were assessed by spatial autoregressive models with spatial weight matrixes based on distance thresholds of a few to 30 km. POM-relevant indicators were associated with agricultural and urban lands of watersheds within relatively small ranges (6-14 km), while the concentrations of inorganic nutrients were associated with watersheds within 20 km or more. The macroalgal δ15N showed a strong relationship with agricultural lands of watersheds within 7 km and urban/forest lands of watersheds within 24 km. These results demonstrate significant effects of land use on the coral reef ecosystems of the island, and the importance of appropriate combinations of analytical scales and biogeochemical indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sakamaki
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan; Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.
| | - Akiko Morita
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan; Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan; Oriental Consultants Co., Ltd., Tokyo 151-0071, Japan
| | - Shouji Touyama
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan; Stargate Entertainment, Okinawa 905-0005, Japan
| | | | - Shouhei Suzuki
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawai
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan; Tokyo Kyuei Co., Ltd., Tokyo 101-0032, Japan
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23
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Schenone L, Balseiro E, Modenutti B. Light dependence in the phototrophy-phagotrophy balance of constitutive and non-constitutive mixotrophic protists. Oecologia 2022; 200:295-306. [PMID: 35962828 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05226-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mixotrophic protists display contrasting nutritional strategies and are key groups connecting planktonic food webs. They comprise constitutive mixotrophs (CMs) that have an innate photosynthetic ability and non-constitutive mixotrophs (NCMs) that acquire it from their prey. We modelled phototrophy and phagotrophy of two mixotrophic protists as a function of irradiance and prey abundance. We hypothesised that differences in their physiology (constitutive versus non-constitutive mixotrophy) can result in different responses to light gradients. We fitted the models with primary production and bacterivory data from laboratory and field experiments with the nanoflagellate Chrysochromulina parva (CM) and the ciliate Ophrydium naumanni (NCM) from north Andean Patagonian lakes. We found a non-monotonic response of phototrophy and phagotrophy to irradiance in both mixotrophs, which was successfully represented by our models. Maximum values for phototrophy and phagotrophy were found at intermediate irradiance coinciding with the light at the deep chlorophyll maxima in these lakes. At lower and higher irradiances, we found a decoupling between phototrophy and phagotrophy in the NCM while these functions were more coupled in the CM. Our modelling approach revealed the difference between both mixotrophic functional types on the balance between their nutritional strategies under different light scenarios. Thus, our proposed models can be applied to account how changing environmental conditions affect both primary and secondary production within the planktonic microbial food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Schenone
- Laboratorio de Limnología, INIBIOMA-CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Quintral 1250, 8400, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.
| | - Esteban Balseiro
- Laboratorio de Limnología, INIBIOMA-CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Quintral 1250, 8400, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Beatriz Modenutti
- Laboratorio de Limnología, INIBIOMA-CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Quintral 1250, 8400, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
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24
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Abdou M, Tercier-Waeber ML. New insights into trace metal speciation and interaction with phytoplankton in estuarine coastal waters. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 181:113845. [PMID: 35780629 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In coastal productive zones, phytoplankton activity may influence trace metal speciation and partitioning at short temporal scale. We coupled hourly in situ voltammetry quantification of the lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and copper (Cu) potentially bioavailable fractions, using an innovative submersible sensing probe (the TracMetal), to surface water sampling for the quantification of the targeted trace metals in the dissolved <0.2 μm and <0.02 μm fractions, suspended particles, and phytoplankton nets in the Gironde Estuary mouth. The in situ TracMetal monitoring reflected real-time dynamic Cd and Cu regeneration related to algal cells under post-bloom conditions as well as Pb remobilization due to photoreduction of colloids. The potentially bioavailable fraction consisted in 30, 30-50 and <10 % of the total dissolved fraction for Pb, Cd, and Cu, respectively, representing crucial ecotoxicological information. Metal bioconcentration factors using the dynamic fraction concentrations showed levels up to 107 for Cu in phytoplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Abdou
- Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Dept. of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Sciences II, 30 Quai E.-Ansermet, 1221 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Mary-Lou Tercier-Waeber
- Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Dept. of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Sciences II, 30 Quai E.-Ansermet, 1221 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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25
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Lips S, Larras F, Schmitt-Jansen M. Community metabolomics provides insights into mechanisms of pollution-induced community tolerance of periphyton. Sci Total Environ 2022; 824:153777. [PMID: 35150676 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemical pollution is a major concern for freshwater ecosystems, but the impact and mechanisms of chemical stressors on communities are barely understood. Pollution stress beyond natural homeostatic capacities can trigger succession of tolerant species within a community, enhancing the overall community tolerance. This process was operationalized in the Pollution-Induced Community Tolerance (PICT) concept and applied in many case studies, however, the molecular mechanisms of community tolerance and implications for ecological functions remain largely unexplored. Our study aimed to demonstrate that 1) community metabolomics can unravel potential mechanisms of PICT in periphyton and 2) induced tolerance helps to maintain primary production under re-occuring pollution. To this end, we grew periphyton for 5 weeks with and without the model herbicide diuron in microcosms, quantified PICT, and determined the related metabolic fingerprint of periphyton by GC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics. Further, we explored the autotrophic community based on pigment composition and functional parameters including photosynthesis and gross primary production. Chronic diuron exposure resulted in a shift in pigment composition, higher community tolerance and an individual metabolic fingerprint in the contaminated communities. Opposing responses of selected metabolites during a short-term exposure indicated differences in diuron pre-adaptation in the different communities. Metabolites (threonic acid and two sugar acid lactones) were found to be related to tolerance development, suggesting that ascorbate metabolism was induced in contaminated communities. Despite these compensating mechanism, contaminated communities were compromised in production-to-respiration ratio and biomass. A ranking of sensitivity thresholds of different biological endpoints revealed that metabolites were less sensitive than photosynthetic parameters, which reflects the mode-of-action of the herbicide. In conclusion, we could demonstrate that community metabolomics is able to unravel complex biochemical changes and allows mechanistic insights into community tolerance. Moreover, we were able to show that induced community tolerance was insufficient to safeguard functions like primary production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Lips
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Floriane Larras
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; INRAE, Directorate for Collective Scientific Assessment, Foresight and Advanced Studies, Paris, 75338, France
| | - Mechthild Schmitt-Jansen
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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26
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Castellani G, Veyssière G, Karcher M, Stroeve J, Banas SN, Bouman AH, Brierley SA, Connan S, Cottier F, Große F, Hobbs L, Katlein C, Light B, McKee D, Orkney A, Proud R, Schourup-Kristensen V. Shine a light: Under-ice light and its ecological implications in a changing Arctic Ocean. Ambio 2022; 51:307-317. [PMID: 34822117 PMCID: PMC8692516 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01662-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The Arctic marine ecosystem is shaped by the seasonality of the solar cycle, spanning from 24-h light at the sea surface in summer to 24-h darkness in winter. The amount of light available for under-ice ecosystems is the result of different physical and biological processes that affect its path through atmosphere, snow, sea ice and water. In this article, we review the present state of knowledge of the abiotic (clouds, sea ice, snow, suspended matter) and biotic (sea ice algae and phytoplankton) controls on the underwater light field. We focus on how the available light affects the seasonal cycle of primary production (sympagic and pelagic) and discuss the sensitivity of ecosystems to changes in the light field based on model simulations. Lastly, we discuss predicted future changes in under-ice light as a consequence of climate change and their potential ecological implications, with the aim of providing a guide for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Castellani
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Gaëlle Veyssière
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET UK
| | - Michael Karcher
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
- Ocean Atmosphere Systems GmbH, Tewessteg 4, 20249 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julienne Stroeve
- University College London, Gower St, London, WC1E 6BT UK
- University of Manitoba, 66 Chancellors Cir, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2 Canada
- National Snow and Ice Data Center CIRES, 449 UCB University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0449 USA
| | - S. Neil Banas
- University of Strathclyde, Livingstone Tower, 26 Richmond Street, Glasgow, G1 1XH UK
| | | | - S. Andrew Brierley
- Pelagic Ecology Research Group, Scottish Oceans Institute, Gatty Marine Laboratory, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB Scotland, UK
| | - Stacey Connan
- University of Strathclyde, Livingstone Tower, 26 Richmond Street, Glasgow, G1 1XH UK
| | - Finlo Cottier
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, Argyll and Bute, PA37 1QA Scotland, UK
| | - Fabian Große
- University of Strathclyde, Livingstone Tower, 26 Richmond Street, Glasgow, G1 1XH UK
- German Federal Institute of Hydrology, Department for Microbilogy, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Laura Hobbs
- University of Strathclyde, Livingstone Tower, 26 Richmond Street, Glasgow, G1 1XH UK
| | - Christian Katlein
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | | | - David McKee
- University of Strathclyde, Livingstone Tower, 26 Richmond Street, Glasgow, G1 1XH UK
| | - Andrew Orkney
- University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3AN UK
| | - Roland Proud
- Pelagic Ecology Research Group, Scottish Oceans Institute, Gatty Marine Laboratory, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB Scotland, UK
| | - Vibe Schourup-Kristensen
- Department of Applied Marine Ecology and Modeling, Aarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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27
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Buchanan PJ, Tagliabue A, de la Vega C, Mahaffey C. Oceanographic and biogeochemical drivers cause divergent trends in the nitrogen isoscape in a changing Arctic Ocean. Ambio 2022; 51:383-397. [PMID: 34628601 PMCID: PMC8692545 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01635-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen stable isotopes (δ15N) are used to study food web and foraging dynamics due to the step-wise enrichment of tissues with increasing trophic level, but they rely on the isoscape baseline that varies markedly in the Arctic due to the interplay between Atlantic- and Pacific-origin waters. Using a hierarchy of simulations with a state-of-the-art ocean-biogeochemical model, we demonstrate that the canonical isotopic gradient of 2-3‰ between the Pacific and Atlantic sectors of the Arctic Ocean has grown to 3-4‰ and will continue to expand under a high emissions climate change scenario by the end of the twenty-first century. δ15N increases in the Pacific-influenced high Arctic due to increased primary production, while Atlantic sector decreases result from the integrated effects of Atlantic inflow and anthropogenic inputs. While these trends will complicate longitudinal food web studies using δ15N, they may aid those focussed on movement as the Arctic isoscape becomes more regionally distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearse James Buchanan
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 4 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L693GP UK
| | - Alessandro Tagliabue
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 4 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L693GP UK
| | - Camille de la Vega
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 4 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L693GP UK
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemünde, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Claire Mahaffey
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 4 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L693GP UK
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28
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Naselli-Flores L, Padisák J. Ecosystem services provided by marine and freshwater phytoplankton. Hydrobiologia 2022; 850:2691-2706. [PMID: 35106010 PMCID: PMC8795964 DOI: 10.1007/s10750-022-04795-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton, the ecological group of microalgae adapted to live in apparent suspension in water masses, is much more than an ecosystem's engineer. In this opinion paper, we use our experience as phytoplankton ecologists to list and highlight the services provided by phytoplankton, trying to demonstrate how their activity is fundamental to regulate and sustain Life on our Planet. Although the number of services produced by phytoplankton can be considered less numerous than that produced by other photosynthetic organisms, the ubiquity of this group of organisms, and their thriving across oceanic ecosystems make it one of the biological engines moving our biosphere. Supporting services provided by phytoplankton include almost half of the global primary and oxygen production. In addition, phytoplankton greatly pushes biogeochemical cycles and nutrient (re)cycling, not only in aquatic ecosystems but also in terrestrial ones. In addition, it significantly contributes to climate regulation (regulating services), supplies food, fuels, active ingredients and drugs, and genetic resources (provisioning services), has inspired artistic and craft works, mythology, and, of course, science (cultural services), and much more. Therefore, phytoplankton should be considered in all respects a true biosphere's engineer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Naselli-Flores
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi, 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Judit Padisák
- Research Group of Limnology, Centre for Natural Sciences, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, Veszprém, 8200 Hungary
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29
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Herzberg R, Schmidt T, Keck M. Market power and food loss at the producer-retailer interface of fruit and vegetable supply chains in Germany. Sustain Sci 2022; 17:2253-2267. [PMID: 35069917 PMCID: PMC8760580 DOI: 10.1007/s11625-021-01083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Food loss and waste are associated with an unnecessary consumption of natural resources and avoidable greenhouse gas emissions. The United Nations have thus set the reduction of food loss and waste on the political agenda by means of the Sustainable Development Goal Target 12.3. The German Federal Government committed itself to this goal by implementing the National Strategy for Food Waste Reduction in 2019. However, this policy approach relies heavily on voluntary action by involved actors and neglects the possible role of power imbalances along the food supply chain. While current research on food loss and waste in industrialised countries predominantly focuses on the consumer level, this study puts emphasis on the under-researched early stages of the food supply chain from the field to retailers' warehouses. Based on 22 expert interviews with producers, producer organisations and retailers, this article identifies major inter-stage drivers of food loss in the supply chains for fresh fruit and vegetables in Germany. Its main novelty is to demonstrate how market power imbalances and risk shifting between powerful and subordinate actors can reinforce the tendency of food loss on the part of producers further up the supply chain. Results indicate that prevalent institutional settings, such as contractual terms and conditions, trading practices, ordering processes, product specifications, and communication privilege retailers and encourage food loss. The mechanisms in which these imbalances manifest, go beyond the European Commission's current legislation on Unfair Trading Practices. This study suggests a research agenda that might help to formulate adjusted policy instruments for re-structuring the German fruit and vegetable markets so that less food is wasted. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11625-021-01083-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Herzberg
- Thünen Institute of Market Analysis, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Thünen Institute of Market Analysis, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Markus Keck
- Chair for Urban Climate Resilience, Center for Climate Resilience, University of Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
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Silva CJM, Machado AL, Campos D, Rodrigues ACM, Patrício Silva AL, Soares AMVM, Pestana JLT. Microplastics in freshwater sediments: Effects on benthic invertebrate communities and ecosystem functioning assessed in artificial streams. Sci Total Environ 2022; 804:150118. [PMID: 34798725 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The high levels of microplastics (MPs) found in freshwaters, particularly in riverine sediments, may impose a threat to the macroinvertebrate communities with possible consequences at ecosystem-level. The present study aimed to assess the effects of a mixture of different sizes of polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) on the composition and structure of macroinvertebrate communities and key-functions, such as primary production and leaf litter decomposition. MPs were mixed in the sediment at three different concentrations (0.1, 1, and 10 g kg-1) already found in freshwater sediments to enhance the relevance of the work. After eight days of exposure to PE-MPs, the observed changes in macroinvertebrate community structure were mostly due to the reduction in the abundance of deposit-feeders and grazers that were reduced by ca 31-50% and 34-39%, in the two highest MPs concentrations respectively, in comparison with the control treatment after 8 days of exposure. MPs internal concentrations were detected only in organisms exposed to plastic particles within artificial streams with chironomids and mayflies presenting higher MPs internal levels (average of 115 particles/individual found in chironomids, 166/individual for Baetis sp. and 415 particles/individual for Ephemerella sp.) suggesting higher ingestion of plastic microparticles. Nevertheless, the alterations in the community structure did not translate into impairments in the functional endpoints analysed, leaf litter decomposition and primary production, that were expected due to possible sub-lethal effects (e.g., feeding inhibition) on detritivores and grazers. This study represents one of the few assessments of MPs effects on freshwater benthic macroinvertebrate community structure and the first that simultaneously considered ecosystem-level functional endpoints. Further research combining different microplastics and longer exposure periods are needed to raise knowledge on potential ecological consequences of MPs to freshwaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J M Silva
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Machado
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Diana Campos
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Andreia C M Rodrigues
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana L Patrício Silva
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João L T Pestana
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
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Fonseca BM, Levi EE, Jensen LW, Graeber D, Søndergaard M, Lauridsen TL, Jeppesen E, Davidson TA. Effects of DOC addition from different sources on phytoplankton community in a temperate eutrophic lake: An experimental study exploring lake compartments. Sci Total Environ 2022; 803:150049. [PMID: 34500271 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A mesocosm experiment was conducted in a temperate eutrophic lake with the hypotheses: 1) the addition of a labile form of DOC would trigger a more pronounced response in phytoplankton biomass and composition compared with a non-labile form; 2) DOC addition would increase phytoplankton biomass by co-inserting organic nutrients for phytoplankton growth; 3) DOC addition would change phytoplankton composition, in particular towards mixotrophic taxa due to higher DOC availability; and that 4) there would be differences in phytoplankton responses to DOC addition, depending on whether sediment was included or not. We used two types of mesocosms: pelagic mesocosms with closed bottom, and benthic mesocosms open to the sediment. The experiment ran for 29 days in total. The DOC addition occurred once, at Day 1. Besides the control, there were two treatments: HuminFeed® (non-labile DOC) at a concentration of 2 mg L-1, and a combination of 2 mg L-1 HuminFeed® and 2 mg L-1 DOC from alder leaf leachate (labile). Responses were detected only in the treatment with alder leaf extract. Ecosystem processes responded immediately to DOC addition, with the fall in dissolved oxygen and pH indicating an increase in respiration, relative to primary production (Day 2). In contrast, there was a delay of a few days in structural responses in the phytoplankton community (Day 6). Phytoplankton biomass increased after DOC addition, probably boosted by the phosphorus released from alder leaf extract. Changes in phytoplankton composition towards mixotrophic taxa were not as strong as changes in biomass, and happened only in the pelagic mesocosms. With the DOC addition, diatoms prevailed in benthic mesocosms, while the contribution of colonial buoyant cyanobacteria increased in the pelagic ones. This study points towards the necessity to look in greater detail at specific responses of phytoplankton to DOC concentration increases considering lake-habitat and sediment influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Medeiros Fonseca
- Lake Ecology Section, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark.
| | - Eti Ester Levi
- Lake Ecology Section, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark; WATEC Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark.
| | - Lea Westphalen Jensen
- Lake Ecology Section, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Daniel Graeber
- Dep. Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Brückstraße 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Martin Søndergaard
- Lake Ecology Section, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark; WATEC Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research (SDC), Beijing, China.
| | - Torben Linding Lauridsen
- Lake Ecology Section, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark; WATEC Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research (SDC), Beijing, China.
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Lake Ecology Section, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark; WATEC Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research (SDC), Beijing, China; Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey; Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Thomas Alexander Davidson
- Lake Ecology Section, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark; WATEC Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark.
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Somogyi B, Felföldi T, Tóth LG, Bernát G, Vörös L. Photoautotrophic picoplankton - a review on their occurrence, role and diversity in Lake Balaton. Biol Futur 2021; 71:371-382. [PMID: 34554456 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-020-00030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Occurrence of the smallest phototrophic microorganisms (photoautotrophic picoplankton, APP) in Lake Balaton was discovered in the early 1980s. This triggered a series of systematic studies on APP and resulted in the setting of a unique long-term picoplankton dataset. In this review, we intend to summarize the obtained results and to give a new insight on APP ecology and diversity in Lake Balaton. According to the results, APP dynamics depends on trophic state, temperature, nutrient, and light availability, as well as grazing pressure. APP abundance in Lake Balaton decreased to a low level (1-2 × 105 cells mL-1) as a consequence of decreasing nutrient supply (oligotrophication) during the past more than two decades, and followed a characteristic seasonal dynamics with higher abundance values from spring to autumn than in winter. Concomitantly, however, the APP contribution to both phytoplankton biomass and primary production increased (up to 70% and 40-50%, respectively) during oligotrophication. Regarding annual pattern, picocyanobacteria are dominant from spring to autumn, while in winter, picoeukaryotes are the most abundant, most likely due to the different light and temperature optima of these groups. Within picocyanobacteria, single cells and microcolonies were both observed with mid-summer dominance of the latter which correlated well with the density of cladocerans. Community-level chromatic adaptation (i.e., dominance of phycoerythrin- or phycocyanin-rich forms) of planktonic picocyanobacteria was also found as a function of underwater light quality. Sequence analysis studies of APP in Lake Balaton revealed that both picocyanobacteria and picoeukaryotes represent a diverse and dynamic community consisting several freshwater genotypes (picocyanobacteria: Synechococcus, Cyanobium; picoeukaryotes: Choricystis, Stichococcus, Mychonastes, Nannochloris, and Nannochloropsis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Boglárka Somogyi
- Centre for Ecological Research, Balaton Limnological Institute, Klebelsberg Kunó u. 3, Tihany, 8237, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Felföldi
- Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - László G Tóth
- Centre for Ecological Research, Balaton Limnological Institute, Klebelsberg Kunó u. 3, Tihany, 8237, Hungary
| | - Gábor Bernát
- Centre for Ecological Research, Balaton Limnological Institute, Klebelsberg Kunó u. 3, Tihany, 8237, Hungary
| | - Lajos Vörös
- Centre for Ecological Research, Balaton Limnological Institute, Klebelsberg Kunó u. 3, Tihany, 8237, Hungary
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Kaijser W, Lorenz AW, Birk S, Hering D. The interplay of nutrients, dissolved inorganic carbon and algae in determining macrophyte occurrences in rivers. Sci Total Environ 2021; 781:146728. [PMID: 33812100 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations are widely considered to drive macrophyte assemblages in rivers. However, Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) - available for plants as CO2 and HCO3- - is also of major relevance. Based on literature, we present a conceptual model on the interaction between algae, macrophytes, DIC, pH, light, N, P and the surface water and sedimental compartment. Analysing two separate datasets (i) on river physico-chemistry and chlorophyll-a, and (ii) on river physico-chemistry and macrophytes we quantify three connections within this concept: (1) the correlation of chlorophyll-a versus pH, (2) the correlation of TP versus chlorophyll-a and (3) the occurrence of HCO3-users and CO2-only-users among macrophytes along the DIC gradient. Chlorophyll-a correlated positively with pH (R-squared = 77%, p < .001) due to increased carbon dioxide uptake of phytoplankton. Surface water TP did not linearly correlate with chlorophyll-a concentrations. Obligate and optionally submerged macrophyte species that utilise HCO3- were separated from CO2-only-users by HCO3- concentrations, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 68% and 70% (both p < .001) between groups. Obligate and optionally submerged macrophyte assemblages only composed of HCO3-users and those exclusively composed of CO2-only-users showed an even stronger separation based on the HCO3- concentration, with both an AUC of 82% and 78% (both p < .001). Our results underline that DIC can greatly affect riverine macrophytes. However, absolute concentrations of HCO3- are less relevant, while the connection to pH is more important, reflecting CO2 concentrations. River monitoring and management should consider the interaction between nutrients DIC, surface water and sedimental compartment as important factors affecting macrophyte occurrence, rather than solely focussing on surface water nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Kaijser
- University Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Universitätsstraße 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany.
| | - Armin W Lorenz
- University Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Universitätsstraße 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany; University Duisburg-Essen, Centre for Water and Environmental Research, Universitätsstraße 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Birk
- University Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Universitätsstraße 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany; University Duisburg-Essen, Centre for Water and Environmental Research, Universitätsstraße 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Daniel Hering
- University Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Universitätsstraße 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany; University Duisburg-Essen, Centre for Water and Environmental Research, Universitätsstraße 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany
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Burford MA, Faggotter SJ. Comparing the importance of freshwater flows driving primary production in three tropical estuaries. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 169:112565. [PMID: 34119963 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Estuaries in the tropical Gulf of Carpentaria (GOC) in Australia are under increasing pressure from catchment water development, potentially affecting productivity. We examined the potential effect of changes in freshwater inputs on the primary productivity of three estuaries (Flinders, Gilbert and Mitchell Rivers). The addition of nutrients stimulated mudflat primary production in all estuaries at multiple sampling times, suggesting chronic nutrient limitation. All three estuaries were productive with the Flinders estuary being the most productive of the three estuaries, compared to the Gilbert and Mitchell estuaries. This is despite the fact that the Flinders estuary has the shortest period of freshwater flow and more variable flows from year-to-year compared with the other estuaries. This makes the Flinders highly vulnerable to excessive water development. This study suggests that water extraction which significantly reduces freshwater inputs and associated nutrients has the potential to impact on productivity within these estuaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele A Burford
- Australian Rivers Institute and School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Stephen J Faggotter
- Australian Rivers Institute and School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
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Bordalo MD, Machado AL, Campos D, Coelho SD, Rodrigues ACM, Lopes I, Pestana JLT. Responses of benthic macroinvertebrate communities to a Bti-based insecticide in artificial microcosm streams. Environ Pollut 2021; 282:117030. [PMID: 33831627 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bioinsecticides based on the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) are increasingly being applied directly into aquatic compartments to control nuisance mosquitoes and blackflies and are generally considered environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic insecticides. Bti-based insecticides are considered highly selective, being Diptera-specific, and supposedly decompose rapidly in the environment. Nevertheless, their safety to non-target species and freshwater ecosystems has been questioned by recent studies, which in fact document possible indirect effects in aquatic food webs such as the decrease of prey availability to predators. This work aimed to evaluate the potential effects of a Bti-based insecticide (VectoBac® 12AS) on a freshwater macroinvertebrate community and on stream ecological functions by using artificial microcosm streams. Artificial microcosm streams were colonized with a macroinvertebrate community plus periphyton collected in a stream together with Alnus glutinosa leaf packs. They were exposed for 7 days to different Bti treatments (0, 12, 120, 1200 μg/L), which are within the recommended concentrations of application in aquatic compartments for blackfly and mosquito control. Besides invertebrate community structure and abundance, effects were evaluated regarding leaf decomposition and primary production as measures of ecosystem functioning. Community structure was significantly altered in all Bti treatments after 7 days of exposure, mostly due to a decline in chironomids, followed by oligochaetes, which both belong to the deposit-feeders' functional group. Direct effects on oligochaetes are surprising and require further research. Also, reductions of leaf decomposition due to Bti-induced sublethal effects on shredders (reduced feeding) or mortality of chironomids (that can also feed on coarse organic matter) observed in our study, represent potential indirect effects of Bti in aquatic ecosystems. Our short-exposure experiment evidenced some negative effects on stream benthic invertebrate communities and on ecosystem functioning that must be considered whenever Bti is used in water bodies for blackfly or mosquito control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Bordalo
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ana L Machado
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana Campos
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia D Coelho
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Andreia C M Rodrigues
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Lopes
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João L T Pestana
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
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Parsons ML, Brandt AL, Turner RE, Morrison WL, Ralabais NN. Characterization of common phytoplankton on the Louisiana shelf. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 168:112458. [PMID: 33993041 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton and accompanying environmental data (temperature, salinity, secchi depth, stratification, and inorganic nutrients) were analyzed from 672 surface water samples (0 to 1.5 m depth) collected from 95 stations located on the Louisiana shelf between April 1990 and August 2011. Phytoplankton were identified to the lowest practical taxonomic unit from glutaraldehyde-preserved samples using epifluorescent microscopy and reported as cells L-1. Twenty-six phytoplankton taxa (primarily diatoms) that were > 8 μm in size, identified to genus-level resolution and ranked in the top 20 in at least one of three separate categories (average abundance; frequency of occurrence; and bloom frequency) were used in subsequent analyses. Temperature, stratification, and secchi depth constituted the environmental variable combination best related to the phytoplankton community composition patterns across the 672 samples (r = 0.288; p < 0.01) according to BEST analysis (PRIMER 7). The environmental optima of the 26 taxa were calculated using the weighted-averaging algorithm in the C2 program and then used to group the taxa into common phytoplankton clusters (i.e., niches) using PRIMER 7 CLUSTER. The phytoplankton clustered into three groups: Group A (summer assemblage), Group B (winter assemblage), and Group C (spring bloom assemblage). The results demonstrate that the composition of the phytoplankton community is most related to seasonality and physical variables, whereas nutrients appear to play a larger role in driving overall phytoplankton biomass. This study provides a platform to examine phytoplankton responses to future environmental perturbations in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Parsons
- Coastal Watershed Institute, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU Blvd South, Fort Myers, FL 33965, United States of America.
| | - Ashley L Brandt
- Coastal Watershed Institute, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU Blvd South, Fort Myers, FL 33965, United States of America
| | - R Eugene Turner
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States of America
| | - Wendy L Morrison
- Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, 8124 Hwy 56, Cocodrie, LA 70344, United States of America
| | - Nancy N Ralabais
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States of America; Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, 8124 Hwy 56, Cocodrie, LA 70344, United States of America
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Rodier M, Pinazo C, Seceh C, Varillon D. Pelagic stocks and carbon and nitrogen uptake in a pearl farming atoll (Ahe, French Polynesia). Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 167:112352. [PMID: 33873043 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the first measurements of nitrogen uptake and new data on carbon fixation (15N/13C incorporation) for two size-fractionated phytoplankton (<2 μm and >2 μm), on organic matter, and phytoplankton stocks in Ahe lagoon. Data were collected between November and December 2017, during the hot season with prevailing trade winds. Ammonium and nitrate uptake data (7.58 to 39.81 and 1.80 to 21.43 μmol N m-3 h-1, respectively) suggest a rapid turn-over of N-nutrients in the water column and show that primary production was largely sustained by recycled nitrogen providing 68% of the pelagic N demand. These results highlight the spatial heterogeneity of the measured processes linked to the local hydrodynamics, exhibiting higher regenerated production in the more exploited southwestern part of the lagoon and a higher proportion of new production in the north. Intense nutrient recycling appears to promote nanophytoplankton production which is critical for pearl oyster growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Rodier
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, IRD, CNRS, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR 241 EIO (Université de la Polynésie française, IRD, ILM, Ifremer), B.P. 6570, 98702 Faa'a, Tahiti, French Polynesia.
| | - Christel Pinazo
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, IRD, CNRS, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Claire Seceh
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, IRD, CNRS, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - David Varillon
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, US 191 IMAGO, BP A5, 98848 Nouméa cedex, New-Caledonia, France.
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Chia MA, Lorenzi AS, Ameh I, Dauda S, Cordeiro-Araújo MK, Agee JT, Okpanachi IY, Adesalu AT. Susceptibility of phytoplankton to the increasing presence of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in the aquatic environment: A review. Aquat Toxicol 2021; 234:105809. [PMID: 33780670 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Human and veterinary pharmaceuticals either in the form of un-metabolized, incompletely metabolized, and metabolized drugs are increasingly present in aquatic ecosystems. These active pharmaceutical ingredients from pharmaceutical industries, hospitals, agricultural, and domestic discharges find their way into water systems - where they adversely affect non-target organisms like phytoplankton. Different aspects of phytoplankton life; ranging from growth, reproduction, morphology, physiology, biochemical composition, oxidative response, proteomics, and transcriptomics are altered by pharmaceuticals. This review discusses the currently available information on the susceptibility of phytoplankton to the ever-increasing presence of pharmaceutical products in the aquatic environment by focusing on the effect of APIs on the physiology, metabolome, and proteome profiles of phytoplankton. We also highlight gaps in literature concerning the salient underlining biochemical interactions between phytoplankton communities and pharmaceuticals that require an in-depth investigation. This is all in a bid to understand the imminent dangers of the contamination of water bodies with pharmaceutical products and how this process unfavorably affects aquatic food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana Sturion Lorenzi
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Ilu Ameh
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Africa Centre of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Suleiman Dauda
- Department of Botany, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Botany, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis km 235. Zip Code 13.565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Micheline Kézia Cordeiro-Araújo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, São Dimas, Zip Code 13.418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Jerry Tersoo Agee
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Africa Centre of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Back DY, Ha SY, Else B, Hanson M, Jones SF, Shin KH, Tatarek A, Wiktor JM, Cicek N, Alam S, Mundy CJ. On the impact of wastewater effluent on phytoplankton in the Arctic coastal zone: A case study in the Kitikmeot Sea of the Canadian Arctic. Sci Total Environ 2021; 764:143861. [PMID: 33383224 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a case study on the impact of effluent from a wastewater lagoon-wetland system on phytoplankton and local primary production near a coastal Arctic community (Cambridge Bay) over spring to fall 2018. Results are also placed within an interannual and regional context for the surrounding Kitikmeot Sea. We find the shallow, relatively fresh Kitikmeot Sea is one of the most nutrient-deplete regions of the Arctic Ocean with NO3- + NO2- concentrations below the surface mixed layer rarely exceeding 2 μmol L-1 and a N:Si:P ratio of 1:6:1. The fjordal-type bathymetry of the main study site and a persistent pycnocline below the bay's exit sill led to slightly elevated N:Si:P of 3:11:1 through trapping of wastewater-sourced N at depth via sinking and remineralization of primary production. Total production in Cambridge Bay over the 3-month open water period was 12.1 g C m-2 with 70% of this production occurring during the 1-month discharge of wastewater into the system. Local primary production responded rapidly to high NO3- + NO2-, NH4+ and PON concentrations provided by wastewater effluent, comprising up to 20% of the production during the discharge period. Remaining production was mostly explained by the deep nutrient pool in the bay, which was only accessed towards the end of the discharge period as the diatom-dominated deep chlorophyll maximum settled below the pycnocline. Although not yet eutrophic, caution is raised at the rapid response of the marine system to wastewater release with a strong recommendation to develop a research and monitoring plan for the bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Young Back
- Centre for Earth Observation Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Sun-Yong Ha
- Division of Polar Ocean Science, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Brent Else
- Department of Geography, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Mark Hanson
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Samantha F Jones
- Department of Geography, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Agnieszka Tatarek
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Józef M Wiktor
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Nazim Cicek
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6, Canada
| | - Shah Alam
- Department of Community and Government Services, Government of Nunavut, Cambridge Bay, NU X0B 0C0, Canada
| | - C J Mundy
- Centre for Earth Observation Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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Kim SU, Kim KY. Impact of climate change on the primary production and related biogeochemical cycles in the coastal and sea ice zone of the Southern Ocean. Sci Total Environ 2021; 751:141678. [PMID: 33182005 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Climate change in the Southern Hemisphere has exerted impact on the primary production in the Southern Ocean (SO). Using a recently released reanalysis dataset on global biogeochemistry, a comprehensive analysis was conducted on the complex biogeochemical seasonal cycle and the impact of climate change with a focus in areas within the meridional excursion of the sea ice boundary-coastal and continental shelf zone (CCSZ) and seasonal sea ice zone (SIZ). The seasonal cycles of primary production and related nutrients are closely linked with the seasonal changes in sea ice and sea surface temperatures. As sea ice retreats and allows energy and gas exchange across the sea surface, phytoplankton growth is initiated, consuming accumulated nutrients within the shallow depth of ~40 m. The seasonal evolutions of physical, biological and chemical variables show both spatial and temporal consistency with each other. Climate change has altered the timing and amplitude of the seasonal cycle. While primary production has generally increased along with an intensified uptake of CO2, some areas show a reduction in production (e.g., Prydz Bay, eastern Indian Ocean). In the CCSZ, increased iron utilization and light availability allowed production to be increased. However, the mechanism by which these factors are altered varies from one location to another, including changes in sea ice cover, surface stratification, and downwelling/upwelling. In the SIZ, where iron is generally a limiting factor, iron supply is a key driver of changes in primary production regardless of other nutrients. There is a clear influence of climatic change on the biogeochemical cycle although the signal is still weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Uk Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Yul Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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41
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Chen C, Huang L, Shi J, Zhou Y, Wang J, Yao X, Gao H, Liu Y, Xing J, Liu X. Atmospheric outflow of anthropogenic iron and its deposition to China adjacent seas. Sci Total Environ 2021; 750:141302. [PMID: 32858287 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric deposition of iron (Fe) can increase marine primary productivity, consequently affect ocean biogeochemical cycles and climate change. In this study, we develop an adaptor to generate anthropogenic Fe emission inventories for China in 2012 and 2016 via anthropogenic PM2.5 emissions from Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC) using local source-specific mass fractions of Fe in PM2.5. Using the generated emission inventories, we simulated Fe concentrations as well as dry deposition fluxes to China marginal seas using a WRF-CMAQ model during four campaign periods. The simulated Fe concentrations are in good agreement with observations except for those in presence of severe dust-intrusion events (NMB -13% ~ -27%), indicating a reasonably good performance of the generated Fe emissions and leaving the large underestimation of Fe concentrations mainly due to nature dust emissions. Simulated Fe concentrations over China marginal seas are in the range of 62-6.5 × 102 ng m-3, providing 2.0-12.5 μg m-2 d-1 to the seas during the study periods. We also found that inputs of total Fe in PM2.5 to the seas in presence of dust-intrusion events are 3 and 13 times larger than those in presence of haze events or on less polluted days. Due to lower Fe solubility in nature mineral aerosols than in anthropogenic aerosols, dry deposition fluxes of bioavailable Fe on haze days almost double that in dust days. The total anthropogenic emissions of Fe over China in 2012 and 2016 are estimated as 5.5 × 102 Gg and 3.3 × 102 Gg, respectively. Iron and steel industry are the dominant sources of Fe, accounting for 59-63% of the total anthropogenic Fe emissions. Geotropically, stronger emissions per area were distributed in eastern China, e.g., 2.3 to 15.4 ng m-2 s-1 in eastern China versus <0.4 ng m-2 s-1 in western China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jinhui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environment Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environment Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Huiwang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environment Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yayong Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jia Xing
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xiaohuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environment Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Avolio ML, Wilcox KR, Komatsu KJ, Lemoine N, Bowman WD, Collins SL, Knapp AK, Koerner SE, Smith MD, Baer SG, Gross KL, Isbell F, McLaren J, Reich PB, Suding KN, Suttle KB, Tilman D, Xu Z, Yu Q. Temporal variability in production is not consistently affected by global change drivers across herbaceous-dominated ecosystems. Oecologia 2020; 194:735-744. [PMID: 33130915 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04787-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how global change drivers (GCDs) affect aboveground net primary production (ANPP) through time is essential to predicting the reliability and maintenance of ecosystem function and services in the future. While GCDs, such as drought, warming and elevated nutrients, are known to affect mean ANPP, less is known about how they affect inter-annual variability in ANPP. We examined 27 global change experiments located in 11 different herbaceous ecosystems that varied in both abiotic and biotic conditions, to investigate changes in the mean and temporal variability of ANPP (measured as the coefficient of variation) in response to different GCD manipulations, including resource additions, warming, and irrigation. From this comprehensive data synthesis, we found that GCD treatments increased mean ANPP. However, GCD manipulations both increased and decreased temporal variability of ANPP (24% of comparisons), with no net effect overall. These inconsistent effects on temporal variation in ANPP can, in part, be attributed to site characteristics, such as mean annual precipitation and temperature as well as plant community evenness. For example, decreases in temporal variability in ANPP with the GCD treatments occurred in wetter and warmer sites with lower plant community evenness. Further, the addition of several nutrients simultaneously increased the sensitivity of ANPP to interannual variation in precipitation. Based on this analysis, we expect that GCDs will likely affect the magnitude more than the reliability over time of ecosystem production in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan L Avolio
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
| | - Kevin R Wilcox
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Kimberly J Komatsu
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD, 21037, USA
| | - Nathan Lemoine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA.,Department of Zoology, Milwaukee Public Museum, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
| | - William D Bowman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Scott L Collins
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Alan K Knapp
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.,Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Sally E Koerner
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - Melinda D Smith
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.,Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Sara G Baer
- Kansas Biological Survey and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Katherine L Gross
- WK Kellogg Biological Station and Graduate Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, 49060, USA
| | - Forest Isbell
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Jennie McLaren
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Tx, 79968, USA
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA.,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Katharine N Suding
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | | | - David Tilman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Zhuwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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43
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Pringault O, Bouvy M, Carre C, Fouilland E, Meddeb M, Mejri K, Leboulanger C, Sakka Hlaili A. Impacts of chemical contamination on bacterio-phytoplankton coupling. Chemosphere 2020; 257:127165. [PMID: 32480088 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton and bacterioplankton are the key components of the organic matter cycle in aquatic ecosystems, and their interactions can impact the transfer of carbon and ecosystem functioning. The aim of this work was to assess the consequences of chemical contamination on the coupling between phytoplankton and bacterioplankton in two contrasting marine coastal ecosystems: lagoon waters and offshore waters. Bacterial carbon demand was sustained by primary carbon production in the offshore situation, suggesting a tight coupling between both compartments. In contrast, in lagoon waters, due to a higher nutrient and organic matter availability, bacteria could rely on allochthonous carbon sources to sustain their carbon requirements, decreasing so the coupling between both compartments. Exposure to chemical contaminants, pesticides and metal trace elements, resulted in a significant inhibition of the metabolic activities (primary production and bacterial carbon demand) involved in the carbon cycle, especially in offshore waters during spring and fall, inducing a significant decrease of the coupling between primary producers and heterotrophs. This coupling loss was even more evident upon sediment resuspension for both ecosystems due to the important release of nutrients and organic matter. Resulting enrichment alleviated the toxic effects of contaminants as indicated by the stimulation of phytoplankton biomass and carbon production, and modified the composition of the phytoplankton community, impacting so the interactions between phytoplankton and bacterioplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Pringault
- Aix Marseille Univ, Universite de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France; MARBEC Univ Montpellier, IRD, Ifremer, Montpellier, France; Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Tunisia.
| | - Marc Bouvy
- MARBEC Univ Montpellier, IRD, Ifremer, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Carre
- MARBEC Univ Montpellier, IRD, Ifremer, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Fouilland
- MARBEC Univ Montpellier, IRD, Ifremer, Montpellier, France
| | - Marouan Meddeb
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Kaouther Mejri
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | | | - Asma Sakka Hlaili
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Tunisia; Laboratory of Environmental Sciences, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms LR18ES41, University El Manar of Tunis, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
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Morison F, Pierson JJ, Oikonomou A, Menden-Deuer S. Mesozooplankton grazing minimally impacts phytoplankton abundance during spring in the western North Atlantic. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9430. [PMID: 32742776 PMCID: PMC7370934 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The impacts of grazing by meso- and microzooplankton on phytoplankton primary production (PP) was investigated in the surface layer of the western North Atlantic during spring. Shipboard experiments were performed on a latitudinal transect at three stations that differed in mixed layer depth, temperature, and mesozooplankton taxonomic composition. The mesozooplankton community was numerically dominated by Calanus finmarchicus at the northern and central station, with Calanus hyperboreus also present at the northern station. The southern station was >10 °C warmer than the other stations and had the most diverse mesozooplankton assemblage, dominated by small copepods including Paracalanus spp. Microzooplankton grazing was detected only at the northern station, where it removed 97% of PP. Estimated clearance rates by C. hyperboreus and C. finmarchicus suggested that at in-situ abundance these mesozooplankton were not likely to have a major impact on phytoplankton abundance, unless locally aggregated. Although mesozooplankton grazing impact on total phytoplankton was minimal, these grazers completely removed the numerically scarce > 10 µm particles, altering the particle-size spectrum. At the southern station, grazing by the whole mesozooplankton assemblage resulted in a removal of 14% of PP, and its effect on net phytoplankton growth rate was similar irrespective of ambient light. In contrast, reduction in light availability had an approximately 3-fold greater impact on net phytoplankton growth rate than mesozooplankton grazing pressure. The low mesozooplankton grazing impact across stations suggests limited mesozooplankton-mediated vertical export of phytoplankton production. The constraints provided here on trophic transfer, as well as quantitative estimates of the relative contribution of light and grazer controls of PP and of grazer-induced shifts in particle size spectra, illuminate food web dynamics and aid in parameterizing modeling-frameworks assessing global elemental fluxes and carbon export.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francoise Morison
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, United States of America
| | | | - Andreas Oikonomou
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, United States of America.,Institute of Balances of internal water, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Athens, Greece
| | - Susanne Menden-Deuer
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, United States of America
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45
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Das I, Lauria V, Kay S, Cazcarro I, Arto I, Fernandes JA, Hazra S. Effects of climate change and management policies on marine fisheries productivity in the north-east coast of India. Sci Total Environ 2020; 724:138082. [PMID: 32268283 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study covers two important deltaic systems of the north-east coast of India, viz. the Bengal and Mahanadi delta that support about 1.25 million people. The changes in potential marine fish production and socio-economic conditions were modelled for these two deltas under long-term changes in environmental conditions (sea surface temperature and primary production) to the end of the 21st century. Our results show that an increased temperature (by 4 °C) has a negative impact on fisheries productivity, which was projected to decrease by 5%. At the species level, Bombay duck, Indian mackerel and threadfin bream showed an increasing trend in the biomass of potential catches under the sustainable fishing scenario. However, under the business as usual and overfishing scenarios, our results suggest reduced catch for both states. On the other hand, mackerel tuna, Indian oil sardine, and hilsa fisheries showed a projected reduction in potential catch also for the sustainable fishing scenario. The socio-economic models projected an increase of up to 0.67% (involving 0.8 billion USD) in consumption by 2050 even under the best management scenario. The GDP per capita was projected to face a loss of 1.7 billion USD by 2050. The loss of low-cost fisheries would negatively impact the poorer coastal population since they strongly depend upon these fisheries as a source of protein. Nevertheless, adaptation strategies tend to have a negative correlation with poverty and food insecurity which needs to be addressed separately to make the sector-specific efforts effective. This work can be considered as the baseline model for future researchers and the policymakers to explore potential sustainable management options for the studied regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Das
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S. C. Mallik Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Valentina Lauria
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Via L. Vaccara n 61, Mazara del Vallo, TP 91026, Italy
| | - Susan Kay
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL13 DH, UK
| | | | - Iñaki Arto
- BC3-Basque Centre for Climate Change, Spain
| | - Jose A Fernandes
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL13 DH, UK; AZTI, Herrera Kaia, Portualdea, z/g, Pasaia, Gipuzkoa 20110, Spain
| | - Sugata Hazra
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S. C. Mallik Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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Gimenes LLS, Freschi GPG, Bianchini Júnior I, Cunha Santino MBD. Growth of the aquatic macrophyte Ricciocarpos natans (L.) Corda in different temperatures and in distinct concentrations of aluminum and manganese. Aquat Toxicol 2020; 224:105484. [PMID: 32380302 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
One of the consequences of global mining is the exposure of metals into the environment, caused by the rupture of tailings dams. Excess of metals, such as aluminum (Al) and manganese (Mn) can cause serious damage to fauna and flora. The presence of these metals, associated with the temperature increase that occurs nowadays can potentially increase biochemical and metabolic rates in plant tissues and may affect growth. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the toxicity of the metals Al and Mn into the biomass' growth of the macrophyte Ricciocarpos natans, under two temperatures (25 and 27 °C). R. natans individuals (n = 10 ± 0.5 cm wide) were exposed during 30 days to Al (1.5; 2.5 and 5.0 mg L-1) and Mn (0.7; 1.5 and 3.0 mg L-1) at temperatures and photoperiod-controlled germination chambers. Fresh macrophyte masses were determined gravimetrically to determine the kinetic growth using a logistic model. With that, it was noticed that the presence of Al interfered negatively in the increase of the R. natans biomass, mainly in the highest concentrations and at 27 °C. Mn, on the other hand, affected the increase in biomass, mainly in the highest concentration. As a result, the growth coefficients (μ) changed, being up to 4 times lower in the Al bioassays and up to 2 times higher than the control in the Mn bioassays. However, the dry R. natans biomass individuals that were exposed to the treatments was reduced when compared to the control, except for the lower concentration of Mn. These results contribute to the understanding of the environmental changes that can occur due to metals contained in mining tailings in aquatic ecosystems and the influence of global warming on the metabolic processes of the growth of aquatic macrophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Lorca Sartoris Gimenes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturias, Laboratório de Bioensaios e Modelagem Matemática, Departamento de Hidrobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCAR, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Gian Paulo Giovanni Freschi
- Laboratório de Fotólise, Fotocatálise e Especiação Química - LAFFEQ, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia - ICT, Universidade Federal de Alfenas - UNIFAL, Poços de Caldas, MG, Brazil
| | - Irineu Bianchini Júnior
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturias, Laboratório de Bioensaios e Modelagem Matemática, Departamento de Hidrobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCAR, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcela Bianchessi da Cunha Santino
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturias, Laboratório de Bioensaios e Modelagem Matemática, Departamento de Hidrobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCAR, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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47
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Moriarty JM, Friedrichs MAM, Harris CK. Seabed Resuspension in the Chesapeake Bay: Implications for Biogeochemical Cycling and Hypoxia. Estuaries Coast 2020; 44:103-122. [PMID: 33380995 PMCID: PMC7752872 DOI: 10.1007/s12237-020-00763-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sediment processes, including resuspension and transport, affect water quality in estuaries by altering light attenuation, primary productivity, and organic matter remineralization, which then influence oxygen and nitrogen dynamics. The relative importance of these processes on oxygen and nitrogen dynamics varies in space and time due to multiple factors and is difficult to measure, however, motivating a modeling approach to quantify how sediment resuspension and transport affect estuarine biogeochemistry. Results from a coupled hydrodynamic-sediment transport-biogeochemical model of the Chesapeake Bay for the summers of 2002 and 2003 showed that resuspension increased light attenuation, especially in the northernmost portion of the Bay, shifting primary production downstream. Resuspension also increased remineralization in the central Bay, which experienced larger organic matter concentrations due to the downstream shift in primary productivity and estuarine circulation. As a result, oxygen decreased and ammonium increased throughout the Bay in the bottom portion of the water column, due to reduced photosynthesis in the northernmost portion of the Bay and increased remineralization in the central Bay. Averaged over the channel, resuspension decreased oxygen by ~ 25% and increased ammonium by ~ 50% for the bottom water column. Changes due to resuspension were of the same order of magnitude as, and generally exceeded, short-term variations within individual summers, as well as interannual variability between 2002 and 2003, which were wet and dry years, respectively. Our results quantify the degree to which sediment resuspension and transport affect biogeochemistry, and provide insight into how coastal systems may respond to management efforts and environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M. Moriarty
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research and Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303 USA
| | | | - Courtney K. Harris
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA
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48
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Foets J, Wetzel CE, Teuling AJ, Pfister L. Temporal and spatial variability of terrestrial diatoms at the catchment scale: controls on productivity and comparison with other soil algae. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9198. [PMID: 32551194 PMCID: PMC7289147 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Terrestrial diatoms are an integral component of the soil microbial community. However, their productivity and how it compares to other algal groups remains poorly known. This lack of knowledge hampers their potential use as environmental markers in various applications. As a way forward, we investigated the seasonal and spatial patterns of diatom assemblages and the role of environmental factors on the soil diatom productivity. We collected soil algal samples in 16 sites across the Attert River basin (Luxembourg) every 4 weeks for a period of 12 months. The algal abundances were then derived from pigment analysis using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Our results indicate that diatom productivity is mainly controlled by factors related to soil moisture availability leading to seasonal patterns, whereas the concentration of green algae remained stable over the course of the study period. Generally, anthropic disturbed habitats contained less living diatom cells than undisturbed habitats. Also, we learned that diatoms can be the dominant algal group at periods of the year with high soil moisture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Foets
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg.,Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Carlos E Wetzel
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Adriaan J Teuling
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Laurent Pfister
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg.,Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg
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49
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Campos D, Machado AL, Cardoso DN, Silva ARR, Silva PV, Rodrigues ACM, Simão FCP, Loureiro S, Grabicová K, Nováková P, Soares AMVM, Pestana JLT. Effects of the organic UV-filter, 3-(4-methylbenzylidene) camphor, on benthic invertebrates and ecosystem function in artificial streams. Environ Pollut 2020; 260:113981. [PMID: 32041008 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.113981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, the use of organic ultraviolet-filters (UV-filters) has increased worldwide, and these compounds are now considered emerging contaminants of many freshwater ecosystems. The present study aimed to assess the effects of 3-(4-methylbenzylidene) camphor (4-MBC) on a freshwater invertebrate community and on associated ecological functions. For that, artificial streams were used, and a natural invertebrate benthic community was exposed to sediments contaminated with two concentrations of 4-MBC. Effects were evaluated regarding macroinvertebrate abundance and community structure, as well as leaf decomposition and primary production. Results showed that the macroinvertebrate community parameters and leaf decomposition rates were not affected by 4-MBC exposure. On the other hand, primary production was strongly reduced. This study highlights the importance of higher tier ecotoxicity experiments for the assessment of the effects of low concentrations of organic UV-filters on freshwater invertebrate community structure and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Campos
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ana L Machado
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diogo N Cardoso
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita R Silva
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Patrícia V Silva
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Andreia C M Rodrigues
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fátima C P Simão
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susana Loureiro
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Kateřina Grabicová
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 725/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Nováková
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 725/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João L T Pestana
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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50
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Paczkowska J, Rowe OF, Figueroa D, Andersson A. Drivers of phytoplankton production and community structure in nutrient-poor estuaries receiving terrestrial organic inflow. Mar Environ Res 2019; 151:104778. [PMID: 31488340 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The influence of nutrient availability and light conditions on phytoplankton size-structure, nutritional strategy and production was studied in a phosphorus-poor estuary in the northern Baltic Sea receiving humic-rich river water. The relative biomass of mixotrophic nanophytoplankton peaked in spring when heterotrophic bacterial production was high, while autotrophic microphytoplankton had their maximum in summer when primary production displayed highest values. Limiting substance (phosphorus) only showed small temporal variations, and the day light was at saturating levels all through the study period. We also investigated if the phytoplankton taxonomic richness influences the production. Structural equation modelling indicated that an increase of the taxonomic richness during the warm summer combined with slightly higher phosphorus concentration lead to increased resource use efficiency, which in turn caused higher phytoplankton biomass and primary production. Our results suggest that climate warming would lead to higher primary production in northerly shallow coastal areas, which are influenced by humic-rich river run-off from un-disturbed terrestrial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Paczkowska
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Marine Sciences Centre, SE-905 71, Hörnefors, Sweden; Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos CESIMAR-CONICET, Blvd. Brown 2915, U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Owen F Rowe
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Marine Sciences Centre, SE-905 71, Hörnefors, Sweden; Guest researcher: Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter 1, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Commission, HELCOM Secretariat, Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daniela Figueroa
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Marine Sciences Centre, SE-905 71, Hörnefors, Sweden; Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, SMHI, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Agneta Andersson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Marine Sciences Centre, SE-905 71, Hörnefors, Sweden.
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