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Rubin-Blum M, Makovsky Y, Rahav E, Belkin N, Antler G, Sisma-Ventura G, Herut B. Active microbial communities facilitate carbon turnover in brine pools found in the deep Southeastern Mediterranean Sea. Mar Environ Res 2024; 198:106497. [PMID: 38631226 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Discharge of gas-rich brines fuels productive chemosynthetic ecosystems in the deep sea. In these salty, methanic and sulfidic brines, microbial communities adapt to specific niches along the physicochemical gradients. However, the molecular mechanisms that underpin these adaptations are not fully known. Using metagenomics, we investigated the dense (∼106 cell ml-1) microbial communities that occupy small deep-sea brine pools found in the Southeastern Mediterranean Sea (1150 m water depth, ∼22 °C, ∼60 PSU salinity, sulfide, methane, ammonia reaching millimolar levels, and oxygen usually depleted), reaching high productivity rates of 685 μg C L-1 d-1 ex-situ. We curated 266 metagenome-assembled genomes of bacteria and archaea from the several pools and adjacent sediment-water interface, highlighting the dominance of a single Sulfurimonas, which likely fuels its autotrophy using sulfide oxidation or inorganic sulfur disproportionation. This lineage may be dominant in its niche due to genome streamlining, limiting its metabolic repertoire, particularly by using a single variant of sulfide: quinone oxidoreductase. These primary producers co-exist with ANME-2c archaea that catalyze the anaerobic oxidation of methane. Other lineages can degrade the necromass aerobically (Halomonas and Alcanivorax), or anaerobically through fermentation of macromolecules (e.g., Caldatribacteriota, Bipolaricaulia, Chloroflexota, etc). These low-abundance organisms likely support the autotrophs, providing energy-rich H2, and vital organics such as vitamin B12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Rubin-Blum
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel; The Department of Marine Biology, Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Yizhaq Makovsky
- The Dr. Moses Strauss Department of Marine Geosciences, Charney School of Marine Sciences , University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; The Hatter Department of Marine Technologies, Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eyal Rahav
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel
| | - Natalia Belkin
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gilad Antler
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel; The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences, Eilat, Israel
| | - Guy Sisma-Ventura
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel
| | - Barak Herut
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel; The Dr. Moses Strauss Department of Marine Geosciences, Charney School of Marine Sciences , University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Sirota R, Winters G, Levy O, Marques J, Paytan A, Silverman J, Sisma-Ventura G, Rahav E, Antler G, Bar-Zeev E. Impacts of Desalination Brine Discharge on Benthic Ecosystems. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:5631-5645. [PMID: 38516811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination facilities produce freshwater and, at the same time, discharge hypersaline brine that often includes various chemical additives such as antiscalants and coagulants. This dense brine can sink to the sea bottom and creep over the seabed, reaching up to 5 km from the discharge point. Previous reviews have discussed the effects of SWRO desalination brine on various marine ecosystems, yet little attention has been paid to the impacts on benthic habitats. This review comprehensibly discusses the effects of SWRO brine discharge on marine benthic fauna and flora. We review previous studies that indicated a suite of impacts by SWRO brine on benthic organisms, including bacteria, seagrasses, polychaetes, and corals. The effects within the discharge mixing zones range from impaired activities and morphological deformations to changes in the community composition. Recent modeling work demonstrated that brine could spread over the seabed, beyond the mixing zone, for up to several tens of kilometers and impair nutrient fluxes from the sediment to the water column. We also provide a possible perspective on brine's impact on the biogeochemical process within the mixing zone subsurface. Desalination brine can infiltrate into the sandy bottom around the discharge area due to gravity currents. Accumulation of brine and associated chemical additives, such as polyphosphonate-based antiscalants and ferric-based coagulants in the porewater, may change the redox zones and, hence, impact biogeochemical processes in sediments. With the demand for drinking water escalating worldwide, the volumes of brine discharge are predicted to triple during the current century. Future efforts should focus on the development and operation of viable technologies to minimize the volumes of brine discharged into marine environments, along with a change to environmentally friendly additives. However, the application of these technologies should be partly subsidized by governmental stakeholders to safeguard coastal ecosystems around desalination facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Sirota
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer 84990, Israel
- The Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Masada National Park, Mount Masada 869100, Israel
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 31080, Israel
- The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat (IUI), Eilat 8810302, Israel
| | - Gidon Winters
- The Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Masada National Park, Mount Masada 869100, Israel
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Eilat Campus, Eilat 881000, Israel
| | - Oren Levy
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Joseane Marques
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer 84990, Israel
- The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat (IUI), Eilat 8810302, Israel
| | - Adina Paytan
- Earth and Planetary Science, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Jack Silverman
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 31080, Israel
| | - Guy Sisma-Ventura
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 31080, Israel
| | - Eyal Rahav
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 31080, Israel
| | - Gilad Antler
- The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat (IUI), Eilat 8810302, Israel
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Edo Bar-Zeev
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer 84990, Israel
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Schroeder K, Kovačević V, Civitarese G, Velaoras D, Álvarez M, Tanhua T, Jullion L, Coppola L, Bensi M, Ursella L, Santinelli C, Giani M, Chiggiato J, Aly-Eldeen M, Assimakopoulou G, Bachi G, Bogner B, Borghini M, Cardin V, Cornec M, Giannakourou A, Giannoudi L, Gogou A, Golbol M, Hazan O, Karthäuser C, Kralj M, Krasakopoulou E, Matić F, Mihanović H, Muslim S, Papadopoulos VP, Parinos C, Paulitschke A, Pavlidou A, Pitta E, Protopapa M, Rahav E, Raveh O, Renieris P, Reyes-Suarez NC, Rousselaki E, Silverman J, Souvermezoglou E, Urbini L, Zeri C, Zervoudaki S. Seawater physics and chemistry along the Med-SHIP transects in the Mediterranean Sea in 2016. Sci Data 2024; 11:52. [PMID: 38195581 PMCID: PMC10776779 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02835-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean Sea has been sampled irregularly by research vessels in the past, mostly by national expeditions in regional waters. To monitor the hydrographic, biogeochemical and circulation changes in the Mediterranean Sea, a systematic repeat oceanographic survey programme called Med-SHIP was recommended by the Mediterranean Science Commission (CIESM) in 2011, as part of the Global Ocean Ship-based Hydrographic Investigations Program (GO-SHIP). Med-SHIP consists of zonal and meridional surveys with different frequencies, where comprehensive physical and biogeochemical properties are measured with the highest international standards. The first zonal survey was done in 2011 and repeated in 2018. In addition, a network of meridional (and other key) hydrographic sections were designed: the first cycle of these sections was completed in 2016, with three cruises funded by the EU project EUROFLEETS2. This paper presents the physical and chemical data of the meridional and key transects in the Western and Eastern Mediterranean Sea collected during those cruises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Schroeder
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze Marine (CNR-ISMAR), Venice and La Spezia, Italy.
| | - Vedrana Kovačević
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Civitarese
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Trieste, Italy
| | - Dimitris Velaoras
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, HCMR, Institute of Oceanography, Anavyssos, Greece
| | - Marta Álvarez
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, IEO-CSIC, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Toste Tanhua
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Laurent Coppola
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, OSU STAMAR, UAR2017, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252, Paris, cedex, 05, France
| | - Manuel Bensi
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Ursella
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Santinelli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Biofisica (CNR-IBF), Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Giani
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Trieste, Italy
| | - Jacopo Chiggiato
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze Marine (CNR-ISMAR), Venice and La Spezia, Italy
| | | | | | - Giancarlo Bachi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Biofisica (CNR-IBF), Pisa, Italy
| | - Boie Bogner
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mireno Borghini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze Marine (CNR-ISMAR), Venice and La Spezia, Italy
| | - Vanessa Cardin
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marin Cornec
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Antonia Giannakourou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, HCMR, Institute of Oceanography, Anavyssos, Greece
| | - Louisa Giannoudi
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, HCMR, Institute of Oceanography, Anavyssos, Greece
| | - Alexandra Gogou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, HCMR, Institute of Oceanography, Anavyssos, Greece
| | - Melek Golbol
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Or Hazan
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, IOLR, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Martina Kralj
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Frano Matić
- University Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | | | - Stipe Muslim
- University Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | | | - Constantine Parinos
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, HCMR, Institute of Oceanography, Anavyssos, Greece
| | | | - Alexandra Pavlidou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, HCMR, Institute of Oceanography, Anavyssos, Greece
| | - Elli Pitta
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, HCMR, Institute of Oceanography, Anavyssos, Greece
| | - Maria Protopapa
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, HCMR, Institute of Oceanography, Anavyssos, Greece
| | - Eyal Rahav
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, IOLR, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ofrat Raveh
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, IOLR, Haifa, Israel
| | - Panagiotis Renieris
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, HCMR, Institute of Oceanography, Anavyssos, Greece
| | | | - Eleni Rousselaki
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, HCMR, Institute of Oceanography, Anavyssos, Greece
| | - Jacop Silverman
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, IOLR, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Lidia Urbini
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Trieste, Italy
| | - Christina Zeri
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, HCMR, Institute of Oceanography, Anavyssos, Greece
| | - Soultana Zervoudaki
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, HCMR, Institute of Oceanography, Anavyssos, Greece
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Herut B, Goldman R, Ozer T, Lazar A, Biton E, Gertman I, Silverman J, Segal Y, Sisma-Ventura G, Gertner Y, Rubin-Blum M, Belkin N, Rahav E. Tar pollution event (2021) at the Southeastern Levantine oligotrophic basin, short-term impacts and operational oceanography perspectives. Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 198:115892. [PMID: 38086105 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The Levantine basin (LB) in the Southeastern Mediterranean Sea is a high-risk oil pollution hot spot owing to its dense maritime traffic and intense oil and gas exploration and exploitation activities. In February 2021 the Israeli LB shorelines were impacted by an exceptional tar pollution event (~550 tons; average distribution: ~3 kg tar m-1 front beach) of an unknown oil spill source. Here we report on the immediate numerical modelling assessment of the oil spill propagation and tar distribution; operational use of underwater gliders for tracking water column anomalies of dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and turbidity signals; the beached tar composition and amounts and the short-term response of the microbial population along the ~180 km shoreline. This pollution event emphasizes the need for improving the early warning systems for oil spills and implementing continuous operational monitoring at high-risk, ecologically sensitive and valuable resource areas like the Israeli LB waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Herut
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 310800, Israel.
| | - R Goldman
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 310800, Israel
| | - T Ozer
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 310800, Israel
| | - A Lazar
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 310800, Israel
| | - E Biton
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 310800, Israel
| | - I Gertman
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 310800, Israel
| | - J Silverman
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 310800, Israel
| | - Y Segal
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 310800, Israel
| | - G Sisma-Ventura
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 310800, Israel
| | - Y Gertner
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 310800, Israel
| | - M Rubin-Blum
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 310800, Israel
| | - N Belkin
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 310800, Israel
| | - E Rahav
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 310800, Israel
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Rubin-Blum M, Yudkovsky Y, Marmen S, Raveh O, Amrani A, Kutuzov I, Guy-Haim T, Rahav E. Tar patties are hotspots of hydrocarbon turnover and nitrogen fixation during a nearshore pollution event in the oligotrophic southeastern Mediterranean Sea. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 197:115747. [PMID: 37995430 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Weathered oil, that is, tar, forms hotspots of hydrocarbon degradation by complex biota in marine environment. Here, we used marker gene sequencing and metagenomics to characterize the communities of bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes that colonized tar patties and control samples (wood, plastic), collected in the littoral following an offshore spill in the warm, oligotrophic southeastern Mediterranean Sea (SEMS). We show potential aerobic and anaerobic hydrocarbon catabolism niches on tar interior and exterior, linking carbon, sulfur and nitrogen cycles. Alongside aromatics and larger alkanes, short-chain alkanes appear to fuel dominant populations, both the aerobic clade UBA5335 (Macondimonas), anaerobic Syntropharchaeales, and facultative Mycobacteriales. Most key organisms, including the hydrocarbon degraders and cyanobacteria, have the potential to fix dinitrogen, potentially alleviating the nitrogen limitation of hydrocarbon degradation in the SEMS. We highlight the complexity of these tar-associated communities, where bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes co-exist, likely exchanging metabolites and competing for resources and space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Rubin-Blum
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Yana Yudkovsky
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sophi Marmen
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ofrat Raveh
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alon Amrani
- Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ilya Kutuzov
- Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamar Guy-Haim
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eyal Rahav
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel
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Rahav E, Herut B. Impact of combined seawater warming and triazine-type herbicide pollution on the physiology and potential toxicity of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 196:115612. [PMID: 37837785 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Coastal phytoplankton communities are often exposed to multiple anthropogenic stressors simultaneously. Here, we experimentally examined how temperature increase (20-26 °C) and triazine-type herbicides pollution (500 ng terbutryn L-1), both recognized as emerging stressors, affect the abundance, physiology and selected saxitoxin gene expression in the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum. The results show that A. minutum is more susceptible to terbutryn pollution with increasing temperatures, resulting in a significant decline in its abundance (∼80 %) and photosynthetic activity (∼40 %), while saxitoxin gene expression increased (1.5-2.5-fold). This suggests that in warming polluted coastal areas where A. minutum is often found, saxitoxin poisoning may occur even in the absence of a massive bloom. Our results recommend the development of science-based monitoring practices for algal dissolved toxins in coastal waters and estuaries, supporting environmental policies under warming and contaminated coastal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Rahav
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel 310800.
| | - Barak Herut
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel 310800
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7
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Pinko D, Abramovich S, Rahav E, Belkin N, Rubin-Blum M, Kucera M, Morard R, Holzmann M, Abdu U. Shared ancestry of algal symbiosis and chloroplast sequestration in foraminifera. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadi3401. [PMID: 37824622 PMCID: PMC10569721 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi3401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Foraminifera are unicellular organisms that established the most diverse algal symbioses in the marine realm. Endosymbiosis repeatedly evolved in several lineages, while some engaged in the sequestration of chloroplasts, known as kleptoplasty. So far, kleptoplasty has been documented exclusively in the rotaliid clade. Here, we report the discovery of kleptoplasty in the species Hauerina diversa that belongs to the miliolid clade. The existence of kleptoplasty in the two main clades suggests that it is more widespread than previously documented. We observed chloroplasts in clustered structures within the foraminiferal cytoplasm and confirmed their functionality. Phylogenetic analysis of 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequences showed that H. diversa branches next to symbiont-bearing Alveolinidae. This finding represents evidence of of a relationship between kleptoplastic and symbiotic foraminifera.. Analysis of ribosomal genes and metagenomics revealed that alveolinid symbionts and kleptoplasts belong to the same clade, which suggests a common ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doron Pinko
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Sigal Abramovich
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Eyal Rahav
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel
| | - Natalia Belkin
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel
| | - Maxim Rubin-Blum
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michal Kucera
- MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Raphaël Morard
- MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Maria Holzmann
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, Geneva 4 1211, Switzerland
| | - Uri Abdu
- Department of Life Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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Rahav E, Belkin N, Velasquez X, Sisma-Ventura G, Guy-Haim T, Paytan A, Rubin-Blum M. Downwind gas condensate volatiles affect phytoplankton communities. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 195:115561. [PMID: 37734224 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of volatile organic carbons (VOCs) evaporated from gas condensate on the cyanobacteria Synechococcus sp. WH8103, the diatom Asterionellopsis glacialis, and the dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum. We used custom algal incubation chambers enabling only the gas condensate-derived VOCs to interact with the cell cultures via an atmospheric bridge, without direct contact with the hydrocarbon oil. The exposure to gas condensate VOCs reduced the abundance, growth rate, and photosynthetic efficiency of Synechococcus sp. WH8103. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assays hint at oxidative damage to the chloroplasts and/or the thylakoid membranes in this organism. A.glacialis abundance, physiological state and growth rates remained unchanged, whereas A.minutum abundance and photosynthetic efficiency increased relative to their respective controls. Our results demonstrate that the effects of a gas condensate formed due to an oil spill will not be restricted to the polluted area, but may be prominent in downwind locations through atmospheric transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rahav
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 3108001, Israel.
| | - N Belkin
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 3108001, Israel
| | - X Velasquez
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 3108001, Israel
| | - G Sisma-Ventura
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 3108001, Israel
| | - T Guy-Haim
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 3108001, Israel
| | - A Paytan
- Institute of Marine Science, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - M Rubin-Blum
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 3108001, Israel
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Eigemann F, Rahav E, Grossart HP, Aharonovich D, Voss M, Sher D. Phytoplankton Producer Species and Transformation of Released Compounds over Time Define Bacterial Communities following Phytoplankton Dissolved Organic Matter Pulses. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0053923. [PMID: 37409944 PMCID: PMC10370336 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00539-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoplankton-bacterium interactions are mediated, in part, by phytoplankton-released dissolved organic matter (DOMp). Two factors that shape the bacterial community accompanying phytoplankton are (i) the phytoplankton producer species, defining the initial composition of released DOMp, and (ii) the DOMp transformation over time. We added phytoplankton DOMp from the diatom Skeletonema marinoi and the cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus marinus MIT9312 to natural bacterial communities from the eastern Mediterranean and determined the bacterial responses over a time course of 72 h in terms of cell numbers, bacterial production, alkaline phosphatase activity, and changes in active bacterial community composition based on rRNA amplicon sequencing. Both DOMp types were demonstrated to serve the bacterial community as carbon and, potentially, phosphorus sources. Bacterial communities in diatom-derived DOM treatments maintained higher Shannon diversities throughout the experiment and yielded higher bacterial production and lower alkaline phosphatase activity compared to cyanobacterium-derived DOM after 24 h of incubation (but not after 48 and 72 h), indicating greater bacterial usability of diatom-derived DOM. Bacterial communities significantly differed between DOMp types as well as between different incubation times, pointing to a certain bacterial specificity for the DOMp producer as well as a successive utilization of phytoplankton DOM by different bacterial taxa over time. The highest differences in bacterial community composition with DOMp types occurred shortly after DOMp additions, suggesting a high specificity toward highly bioavailable DOMp compounds. We conclude that phytoplankton-associated bacterial communities are strongly shaped by the phytoplankton producer as well as the transformation of its released DOMp over time. IMPORTANCE Phytoplankton-bacterium interactions influence biogeochemical cycles of global importance. Phytoplankton photosynthetically fix carbon dioxide and subsequently release the synthesized compounds as dissolved organic matter (DOMp), which becomes processed and recycled by heterotrophic bacteria. Yet the importance of phytoplankton producers in combination with the time-dependent transformation of DOMp compounds on the accompanying bacterial community has not been explored in detail. The diatom Skeletonema marinoi and the cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus marinus MIT9312 belong to globally important phytoplankton genera, and our study revealed that DOMp of both species was selectively incorporated by the bacterial community. The producer species had the highest impact shortly after DOMp appropriation, and its effect diminished over time. Our results improve the understanding of the dynamics of organic matter produced by phytoplankton in the oceans as it is utilized and modified by cooccurring bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Eigemann
- Water Quality Engineering, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemuende, Germany
| | - Eyal Rahav
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hans-Peter Grossart
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
- Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Maren Voss
- Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemuende, Germany
| | - Daniel Sher
- Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University Haifa, Israel
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10
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Givati S, Yang X, Sher D, Rahav E. Testing the growth rate and translation compensation hypotheses in marine bacterioplankton. Environ Microbiol 2023. [PMID: 36747465 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Two different hypotheses have been raised as to how temperature affects resource allocation in microorganisms. The translation-compensation hypothesis (TCH) predicts that the increase in enzymatic efficiency with temperature results in fewer required ribosomes per cell and lower RNA:protein ratio. In contrast, the growth rate hypothesis (GRH) predicts that increasing the growth rate with temperature requires more ribosomes and hence a higher cellular RNA:protein. We tested these two hypotheses in laboratory cultures of Prochlorococcus and Alteromonas as well as over an annual cycle in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. The RNA:protein of Alteromonas mostly decreased with temperature in accordance with the TCH, while that of Prochlorococcus increased with temperature, as predicted by the GRH. No support was found for either hypothesis in surface waters from the Eastern Mediterranean, whereas the fraction of phosphorus in RNA was positively correlated with per-cell bacterial production in the deep chlorophyll maximum, supporting the GRH in this niche. A considerable part of the cellular phosphorus was not allocated to RNA, DNA, phospholipids or polyphosphate, raising the question which cellular molecules contain these P reserves. While macromolecular quotas differed significantly between laboratory cultures and field samples, these were connected through a power law, suggesting common rules of resource allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Givati
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel.,Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel
| | - Xingyu Yang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.,Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Daniel Sher
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Eyal Rahav
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel
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11
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Sisma-Ventura G, Belkin N, Rubin-Blum M, Jacobson Y, Hauzer H, Bar-Zeev E, Rahav E. Discharge of Polyphosphonate-Based Antiscalants via Desalination Brine: Impact on Seabed Nutrient Flux and Microbial Activity. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:13142-13151. [PMID: 36044758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Desalination brine is a hypersaline byproduct that contains various operational chemicals such as polyphosphonate-based antiscalants. Brine often sinks and flows over the seabed by density currents; therefore, it may affect sediment-water nutrient fluxes and thus microbial activity. We quantified these parameters in brine plumes around two large-scale desalination facilities located in the P-limited Southeastern Mediterranean Sea. The benthic nutrient fluxes and microbial activity were determined using ex-situ core benthocosms, to which we added brine from the dispersion area in excess salinities of ∼3% and 5% above natural levels. A higher influx of dissolved organic phosphorus (∼6-fold) and an efflux of dissolved organic carbon (∼1.7-fold) were measured in the brine-amended cores relative to the controls. This was accompanied by increased oxygen consumption (15%) and increased microbial activity (∼1.5-6.5-fold). Field observations support the results from experimental manipulations, yielding ∼4.5-fold higher microbial activity rates around the brine plume compared to uninfluenced locations. Our results imply that desalination brine can alter sedimentary processes affecting benthic nutrients inventories. Moreover, we show that brine acts as a vector of anthropogenic P, stimulating microbial activity in the sediment-water interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Sisma-Ventura
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, 8030, Israel 310800
| | - Natalia Belkin
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, 8030, Israel 310800
| | - Maxim Rubin-Blum
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, 8030, Israel 310800
| | - Yitzhak Jacobson
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, 8030, Israel 310800
| | - Hagar Hauzer
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, 8030, Israel 310800
| | - Edo Bar-Zeev
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990, Israel
| | - Eyal Rahav
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, 8030, Israel 310800
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12
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Rahav E, Belkin N, Nnebuo O, Sisma-Ventura G, Guy-Haim T, Sharon-Gojman R, Geisler E, Bar-Zeev E. Jellyfish swarm impair the pretreatment efficiency and membrane performance of seawater reverse osmosis desalination. Water Res 2022; 215:118231. [PMID: 35247603 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Circumstantial evidence has suggested that jellyfish swarms impair the operation of seawater reverse osmosis desalination facilities. However, only limited information is currently available on the pretreatment efficiency of jellyfish and their effects on reverse osmosis (RO) membrane performance. Here, we have comprehensively tested the pretreatment efficiency of a dual-media gravity filter and cartridge micro-filtration following the addition of jellyfish into the feedwater. Concurrently, the fouling propensity and performance of the RO membranes were examined. We show that jellyfish demise resulted in seawater eutrophication that triggered a significant increase in bacterial biomass (∼50-fold), activity (∼7-fold), and release of transparent exopolymer particles (∼5-fold), peaking three days after the addition of jellyfish into the feedwater. In parallel, a significant reduction in permeate water flux was recorded (∼10%) while trans-membrane pressure sharply increased (15%), reaching the operation pressure limit of our system (75 bar) after five days. At the conclusion of the experiments, the membrane surface was heavily covered by large chunks of organic-rich material and multilayered biofilms. Our results provide a holistic view on the operational challenges of seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination triggered by jellyfish swarms in coastal areas. Following the above, it can be inferred that freshwater production will likely be halted three days after drawing the jellyfish into the pretreatment system. Outcomes from these results may lead to the development of science-based operational protocols to cope with growing occurrence of jellyfish swarms around the intake of SWRO desalination facilities worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Rahav
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 31080, Israel.
| | - Natalia Belkin
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 31080, Israel
| | - Oluebube Nnebuo
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 84990, Israel
| | - Guy Sisma-Ventura
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 31080, Israel
| | - Tamar Guy-Haim
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 31080, Israel
| | - Revital Sharon-Gojman
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 84990, Israel
| | - Eyal Geisler
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 31080, Israel; Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 84990, Israel
| | - Edo Bar-Zeev
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 84990, Israel.
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13
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Riemann L, Rahav E, Passow U, Grossart HP, de Beer D, Klawonn I, Eichner M, Benavides M, Bar-Zeev E. Planktonic Aggregates as Hotspots for Heterotrophic Diazotrophy: The Plot Thickens. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:875050. [PMID: 35464923 PMCID: PMC9019601 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.875050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological dinitrogen (N2) fixation is performed solely by specialized bacteria and archaea termed diazotrophs, introducing new reactive nitrogen into aquatic environments. Conventionally, phototrophic cyanobacteria are considered the major diazotrophs in aquatic environments. However, accumulating evidence indicates that diverse non-cyanobacterial diazotrophs (NCDs) inhabit a wide range of aquatic ecosystems, including temperate and polar latitudes, coastal environments and the deep ocean. NCDs are thus suspected to impact global nitrogen cycling decisively, yet their ecological and quantitative importance remain unknown. Here we review recent molecular and biogeochemical evidence demonstrating that pelagic NCDs inhabit and thrive especially on aggregates in diverse aquatic ecosystems. Aggregates are characterized by reduced-oxygen microzones, high C:N ratio (above Redfield) and high availability of labile carbon as compared to the ambient water. We argue that planktonic aggregates are important loci for energetically-expensive N2 fixation by NCDs and propose a conceptual framework for aggregate-associated N2 fixation. Future studies on aggregate-associated diazotrophy, using novel methodological approaches, are encouraged to address the ecological relevance of NCDs for nitrogen cycling in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Riemann
- Marine Biology Section, University of Copenhagen, Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Eyal Rahav
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel
| | - Uta Passow
- Ocean Science Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Hans-Peter Grossart
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Stechlin, Germany
| | - Dirk de Beer
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Isabell Klawonn
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Rostock, Germany
| | - Meri Eichner
- Institute of Microbiology CAS, Centre ALGATECH, Třeboň, Czechia
| | - Mar Benavides
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France.,Turing Center for Living Systems, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Edo Bar-Zeev
- The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research (ZIWR), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
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14
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Geisler E, Rahav E, Bar-Zeev E. Contribution of Heterotrophic Diazotrophs to N2 Fixation in a Eutrophic River: Free-Living vs. Aggregate-Associated. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:779820. [PMID: 35237246 PMCID: PMC8882987 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.779820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that heterotrophic diazotrophs are highly diverse and fix N2 in aquatic environments with potentially adverse conditions for diazotrophy, such as oxic and rich in total nitrogen. In this study, we compared the activity and diversity of heterotrophic diazotrophs associated with aggregates (>12 μm) to free-living cells in the eutrophic Qishon River during the winter and summer seasons. Overall, measured heterotrophic N2 fixation rates in the Qishon River ranged between 2.6–3.5 nmol N L–1 d–1. Heterotrophic N2 fixation was mainly associated with aggregates in the summer samples (74 ± 24%), whereas during the winter the bulk diazotrophic activity was mostly ascribed to the free-living fraction (90 ± 6%). In addition, immunolabeled micrographs indicated the presence of aggregate-associated heterotrophic diazotrophs in both seasons, while phototrophic diazotrophs were also captured during the winter. The richness of free-living and aggregate-associated heterotrophic diazotrophs were overall similar, yet the evenness of the later was significantly smaller, suggesting that few of the species gained advantage from particle lifestyle. The differences in the activity, micro-localization and diversity of the diazotrophic community were mostly attributed to spatiotemporal changes in the ambient C:N ratios (total organic carbon, TOC: total nitrogen) and the TOC concentrations. Taken together, our results shed new light on the contribution of heterotrophic diazotroph associated with aggregates to total heterotrophic N2 fixation in oxic, highly eutrophic aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Geisler
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker, Israel
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eyal Rahav
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel
- *Correspondence: Eyal Rahav,
| | - Edo Bar-Zeev
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker, Israel
- Edo Bar-Zeev,
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15
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Eigemann F, Rahav E, Grossart HP, Aharonovich D, Sher D, Vogts A, Voss M. Phytoplankton exudates provide full nutrition to a subset of accompanying heterotrophic bacteria via carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus allocation. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:2467-2483. [PMID: 35146867 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Marine bacteria rely on phytoplankton exudates as carbon sources (DOCp). Yet, it is unclear to what extent phytoplankton exudates also provide nutrients such as phytoplankton-derived N and P (DONp, DOPp). We address these questions by mesocosm exudate addition experiments with spent media from the ubiquitous pico-cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus to bacterial communities in contrasting ecosystems in the Eastern Mediterranean - a coastal and an open-ocean, oligotrophic station with and without on-top additions of inorganic nutrients. Inorganic nutrient addition did not lower the incorporation of exudate DONp, nor did it reduce alkaline phosphatase activity, suggesting that bacterial communities are able to exclusively cover their nitrogen and phosphorus demands with organic forms provided by phytoplankton exudates. Approximately half of the cells in each ecosystem took up detectable amounts of Prochlorococcus-derived C and N, yet based on 16S rRNA sequencing different bacterial genera were responsible for the observed exudate utilization patterns. In the coastal community, several phylotypes of Aureimarina, Psychrosphaera and Glaciecola responded positively to the addition of phytoplankton exudates, whereas phylotypes of Pseudoalteromonas increased and dominated the open-ocean communities. Together, our results strongly indicate that phytoplankton exudates provide coastal and open-ocean bacterial communities with organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, and that phytoplankton exudate serve a full-fledged meal for the accompanying bacterial community in the nutrient-poor eastern Mediterranean. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Eigemann
- Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde.,Water quality engineering, Technical University of Berlin
| | - Eyal Rahav
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa
| | | | | | - Daniel Sher
- Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University Haifa
| | - Angela Vogts
- Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde
| | - Maren Voss
- Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde
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16
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Bar-Zeev E, Belkin N, Speter A, Reich T, Geisler E, Rahav E. Impacts of sewage outbursts on seawater reverse osmosis desalination. Water Res 2021; 204:117631. [PMID: 34536688 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sewage outbursts affect coastal environments as seawater is enriched with nutrients, organic matter and microbes, thus can potentially impair seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination. In this study, we evaluated how municipal sewage outbursts affect SWRO desalination in a pilot-scale system. To this end, feedwater characteristics (i.e., coastal water), the removal efficiency of organic foulants by a dual-media gravity filter, and cartridge micro-filtration were determined daily for 12 days. Permeate water flux was maintained constant during the study, while trans-membrane pressure (TMP) was automatically adjusted and continuously monitored. The results indicate that sewage outbursts caused an immediate (∼1 d) buildup of phyto/bacterioplankton biomass (up to 10-fold), and enhanced activity (maximal 30-fold) followed by an increase in transparent exopolymer particle (TEP) concentrations. After sewage addition, algal biomass was significantly removed by the pretreatment system (72-90%), while a considerable fraction of the bacterial biomass (42-65%) and TEP (53-65%) passed these procedures. The result was a negative impact on the desalination performance reflected by a significant increase (> 10%) in RO-TMP 7.5 d after the sewage addition. Our results indicate on a direct link between sewage outbursts, pretreatment efficiency, and SWRO desalination. Nevertheless, these findings can lead to new avenues for the development of science-based operational protocols to minimize the deleterious effects of abrupt sewage outbursts on SWRO desalination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edo Bar-Zeev
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990, Israel.
| | - Natalia Belkin
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 31080, Israel
| | - Adva Speter
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990, Israel
| | - Tom Reich
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 31080, Israel
| | - Eyal Geisler
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990, Israel; Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 31080, Israel
| | - Eyal Rahav
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 31080, Israel.
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17
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Krupnik N, Asis DT, Belkin N, Rubin-Blum M, Israel Á, Paytan A, Meiri D, Herut B, Rahav E. Dust-borne microbes affect Ulva ohnoi's growth and physiological state. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:6129349. [PMID: 33544820 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine macroalgae Ulva sp. is considered an ecosystem engineer in rocky shores of temperate waters worldwide. Ulva sp. harbors a rich diversity of associated microbial epibionts, which are known to affect the algae's typical morphological development and 'health'. We examined the interaction between airborne microbes derived from atmospheric aerosols and Ulva ohnoi growth and physiological state. Specifically, we measured U. ohnoi growth rates and photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm), alongside its microbial epibionts abundance, activity and diversity following dust (containing nutrients and airborne microorganisms) or UV-treated dust (only nutrients) amendments to filtered seawater. Parallel incubations with epibionts-free U. ohnoi (treated with antibiotics that removed the algae epibionts) were also tested to specifically examine if dust-borne microbes can replenish the epibiont community of U. ohnoi. We show that viable airborne microbes can restore U. ohnoi natural microbial epibionts communities, thereby keeping the seaweed alive and 'healthy'. These results suggest that microbes delivered through atmospheric aerosols can affect epiphyte biodiversity in marine flora, especially in areas subjected to high annual atmospheric dust deposition such as the Mediterranean Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimrod Krupnik
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Tel-Shikmona 8030, Haifa, 310800, Israel.,Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Dorin Theodora Asis
- Department of Evolutionary and Human Biology, University of Haifa, Abba Khoushy Ave 199, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Natalia Belkin
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Tel-Shikmona 8030, Haifa, 310800, Israel
| | - Maxim Rubin-Blum
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Tel-Shikmona 8030, Haifa, 310800, Israel
| | - Álvaro Israel
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Tel-Shikmona 8030, Haifa, 310800, Israel
| | - Adina Paytan
- Institute of Marine Science, University of California, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - David Meiri
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Barak Herut
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Tel-Shikmona 8030, Haifa, 310800, Israel
| | - Eyal Rahav
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Tel-Shikmona 8030, Haifa, 310800, Israel
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18
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Geisler E, Bogler A, Bar-Zeev E, Rahav E. Heterotrophic Nitrogen Fixation at the Hyper-Eutrophic Qishon River and Estuary System. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1370. [PMID: 32670236 PMCID: PMC7326945 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Planktonic heterotrophic diazotrophs (N2-fixers) are widely distributed in marine and freshwater systems, yet limited information is available on their activity, especially in environments with adverse conditions for diazotrophy (e.g., N-rich and oxygenated). Here, we followed the localization and activity of heterotrophic diazotrophs in the hyper-eutrophic N-rich Qishon River—an environment previously considered to be unfavorable for diazotrophy. Our results indicate high heterotrophic N2 fixation rates (up to 6.9 nmol N L–1 d–1), which were approximately three fold higher at an upstream location (freshwater) compared to an estuary (brackish) site. Further, active heterotrophic diazotrophs were capture associated with free-floating aggregates by a newly developed immunolocalization approach. These findings provide new insights on the activity of heterotrophic diazotrophs on aggregates in environments previously considered with adverse conditions for diazotrophy. Moreover, these new insights may be applicable to other aquatic regimes worldwide with similar N-rich/oxygenated conditions that should potentially inhibit N2 fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Geisler
- The Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research (ZIWR), The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research (BIDR), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel
| | - Anne Bogler
- The Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research (ZIWR), The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research (BIDR), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Edo Bar-Zeev
- The Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research (ZIWR), The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research (BIDR), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Eyal Rahav
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel
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19
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Ben-Eliahu N, Herut B, Rahav E, Abramovich S. Shell Growth of Large Benthic Foraminifera under Heavy Metals Pollution: Implications for Geochemical Monitoring of Coastal Environments. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17103741. [PMID: 32466246 PMCID: PMC7277671 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was promoted by the recent efforts using larger benthic foraminiferal (LBF) shells geochemistry for the monitoring of heavy metals (HMs) pollution in the marine environment. The shell itself acts as a recorder of the ambient water chemistry in low to extreme HMs-polluted environments, allowing the monitoring of recent-past pollution events. This concept, known as sclerochronology, requires the addition of new parts (i.e., new shell) even in extreme pollution events. We evaluated the physiological resilience of three LBF species with different shell types and symbionts to enriched concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Pb at levels several folds higher than the ecological criteria maximum concentration (CMC) (165-166, 33-43, 1001-1206 µg L-1, respectively), which is derived from aquatic organisms' toxicity tests. The physiological response of the holobiont was expressed by growth rates quantified by the addition of new chambers (new shell parts), and by the chlorophyll a of the algal symbionts. The growth rate decrease varied between 0% and 30% compared to the unamended control for all HMs tested, whereas the algal symbionts exhibited a general non-fatal but significant response to Pb and Cu. Our results highlight that shell growth inhibition of LBF is predicted in extreme concentrations of 57 × CMC of Cu and 523 × CMC of Cd, providing a proof of concept for shell geochemistry monitoring, which is currently not used in the regulatory sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Ben-Eliahu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel;
| | - Barak Herut
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa 31080, Israel; (B.H.); (E.R.)
| | - Eyal Rahav
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa 31080, Israel; (B.H.); (E.R.)
| | - Sigal Abramovich
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel;
- Correspondence:
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20
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Sisma-Ventura G, Rahav E. DOP Stimulates Heterotrophic Bacterial Production in the Oligotrophic Southeastern Mediterranean Coastal Waters. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1913. [PMID: 31474972 PMCID: PMC6706821 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria rely on a suite of inorganic and organic macronutrients to satisfy their cellular needs. Here, we explored the effect of dissolved inorganic phosphate (PO4) and several dissolved organic molecules containing phosphorus [ATP, glucose-6-phosphate, 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid, collectively referred to as dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP)], on the activity and biomass of autotrophic and heterotrophic microbial populations in the coastal water of the southeastern Mediterranean Sea (SEMS) during summertime. To this end, surface waters were supplemented with PO4, one of the different organic molecules, or PO4 + ATP, and measured the PO4 turnover time (Tt), alkaline phosphatase activity (APA), heterotrophic bacterial production (BP), primary production (PP), and the abundance of the different microbial components. Our results show that PO4 alone does not stimulate any significant change in most of the autotrophic or heterotrophic bacterial variables tested. ATP addition (alone or with PO4) triggers the strongest increase in primary and bacterial productivity or biomass. Heterotrophic bacterial abundance and BP respond faster than phytoplankton (24 h post addition) to the various additions of DOP or PO4 + ATP, followed by a recovery of primary productivity (48 h post addition). These observations suggest that both autotrophic and heterotrophic microbial communities compete for labile organic molecules containing P, such as ATP, to satisfy their cellular needs. It also suggests that SEMS coastal water heterotrophic bacteria are likely C and P co-limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Sisma-Ventura
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eyal Rahav
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel
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21
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Raveh O, Angel DL, Astrahan P, Belkin N, Bar-Zeev E, Rahav E. Phytoplankton response to N-rich well amelioration brines: A mesocosm study from the southeastern Mediterranean Sea. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 146:355-365. [PMID: 31426168 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Human-induced eutrophication of coastal water may be a major threat to aquatic life. Here, we investigated the effects of N-rich well amelioration brines (WAB) on coastal phytoplankton population's habitat in the surface oligotrophic waters of the southeastern Mediterranean Sea (SEM). To this end, we added WAB (2 concentrations) to mesocosms (1-m3 bags) to surface SEM water during summer and winter, where changes in phytoplankton biomass, activity and diversity was monitored daily for 8 days. Our results demonstrate that WAB addition triggered a phytoplankton bloom, resulting in elevated algal biomass (maximal +780%), increased primary production rates (maximal +675%) and a decrease in eukaryotic algal α-diversity (ca. -20%). Among the species that bloomed following WAB amendments, we found the potentially toxic dinoflagellate Karlodinium venificum. This study adds valuable perspective to the effect of nutrients discharged into nutrient limited SEM coastal waters, and in particular of N-derived WAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofrat Raveh
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute on Oceanography, Haifa, Israel; Department of Maritime Civilizations, The Charney School for Marine Science, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Dror L Angel
- Department of Maritime Civilizations, The Charney School for Marine Science, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Peleg Astrahan
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, The Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Migdal 14950, Israel
| | - Natalia Belkin
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute on Oceanography, Haifa, Israel
| | - Edo Bar-Zeev
- The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research (ZIWR), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990, Israel
| | - Eyal Rahav
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute on Oceanography, Haifa, Israel.
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22
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Kress N, Rahav E, Silverman J, Herut B. Environmental status of Israel's Mediterranean coastal waters: Setting reference conditions and thresholds for nutrients, chlorophyll-a and suspended particulate matter. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 141:612-620. [PMID: 30955776 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Criteria for eutrophication related parameters to achieve and preserve good environmental status (GES) of the oligotrophic Israeli Mediterranean coast were proposed for nutrients, chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentrations. The criteria were derived from current conditions, the best choice for the area that has undergone large and irreversible ecological changes compared to the pristine background. A five-year data set (2010-2014, ca. 800 data points) was analyzed using statistical methods and best professional judgement. The coastal waters were divided into four provinces, data gaps were identified, and seasonal reference and threshold values for each province determined as the median and 1.5 times the median, respectively. Application of the derived criteria to data up to 2016 showed the coastal waters to be mainly in GES, with a few exceptions. Simplification of the proposed criteria for environmental management was addressed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurit Kress
- Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, The National Institute of Oceanography, Israel.
| | - Eyal Rahav
- Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, The National Institute of Oceanography, Israel
| | - Jacob Silverman
- Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, The National Institute of Oceanography, Israel
| | - Barak Herut
- Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, The National Institute of Oceanography, Israel
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Frank H, Fussmann KE, Rahav E, Bar Zeev E. Chronic effects of brine discharge form large-scale seawater reverse osmosis desalination facilities on benthic bacteria. Water Res 2019; 151:478-487. [PMID: 30641463 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Seawater desalination facilities continuously discharge hyper-saline brine into the coastal environment which often flows as a concentrated plume over the seafloor, hence possibly impacting benthic microorganisms. Yet, the effects of brine discharge from desalination plants on benthic bacteria, key players in biodegradation of organic material and nutrient recycling is unknown. In this study, we tested the chronic (years) effects of brine discharge from three large-scale desalination facilities on the abundance, metabolic activity and community composition of benthic bacteria. To this end, four sampling campaigns were carried at the outfall areas of the Ashkelon, Sorek and Hadera desalination facilities. The effects of the brine were compared to corresponding reference stations which were not influenced by the brine (i.e., water temperature and salinity). Our sampling data indicate that bacterial abundance and activity that includes bacterial growth efficiency were 1.3-2.6-fold higher at the outfall area than the reference station. Concomitant analysis pointed out that the bacterial community structure at the brine discharge area was also different than the reference station, yet varied between each desalination facility. Our results demonstrate that the impact of brine effluent from desalination facilities on benthic bacteria are site-specific and localized (<1.4 Km2) around the discharge point. Namely, that the effects on benthic bacteria are prominent at the brine mixing zone and change according to the discharge method used to disperse the brine as well as local stressors (e.g., eutrophication and elevated water temperature). Our results contribute new insights on the effects of desalination-brine to benthic microbes, while providing scientifically-based aspects on the ecological impacts of brine dispersion for decision makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Frank
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research (ZIWR), The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research (BIDR) Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990, Israel; Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, 8030, Israel
| | - Katarina E Fussmann
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research (ZIWR), The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research (BIDR) Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990, Israel; Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, 8030, Israel
| | - Eyal Rahav
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, 8030, Israel.
| | - Edo Bar Zeev
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research (ZIWR), The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research (BIDR) Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990, Israel.
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Rosenfeld S, Porretta D, Rahav E, Mastrantonio V, Duchet C, Blaustein L. Molecular identification of Aedes phoeniciae (Diptera: Culicidae) in rockpools along the northern Israeli coast. J Vector Ecol 2018; 43:344-346. [PMID: 30408289 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Rosenfeld
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, 3498838 Haifa, Israel
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, 3108000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Daniele Porretta
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Eyal Rahav
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, 3108000 Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Claire Duchet
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6382, U.S.A
| | - Leon Blaustein
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, 3498838 Haifa, Israel
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Petersen KL, Paytan A, Rahav E, Levy O, Silverman J, Barzel O, Potts D, Bar-Zeev E. Impact of brine and antiscalants on reef-building corals in the Gulf of Aqaba - Potential effects from desalination plants. Water Res 2018; 144:183-191. [PMID: 30029077 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) is becoming an increasingly important source of potable water in arid and semi-arid regions worldwide. Discharge of brine-effluent from desalination facilities has been shown to significantly impact coastal marine ecosystems ranging from seagrass meadows to microbial communities. In this study, we examined the impacts of increased salinity (10% above ambient) and presence of antiscalants (0.2 mg L-1, polyphosphonate-based) on three reef-building coral species; Stylophora pistillata, Acropora tenuis and Pocillopora verrucosa, from the Gulf of Aqaba (northern Red-Sea). Our results indicate that the corals, as well as associated bacteria and algae, were significantly impaired by the elevated salinity and antiscalants, leading to partial bleaching. Specifically, the abundance of bacteria and symbiotic algae as well as calcification rates were typically lower (20-85%, 50-90% and 40-50%, respectively) following incubations with both amendments. However, the impact of desalination brine was often species-specific. Thus, we propose that the ecotoxicological criteria used for hard corals should be determined based on the sensitivity of key species in the community dominating the area affected by desalination discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Lykkebo Petersen
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Adina Paytan
- Institute of Marine Science, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Eyal Rahav
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, 31080, Israel
| | - Oren Levy
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Jacob Silverman
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, 31080, Israel
| | - Oriya Barzel
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, 31080, Israel; Institute of Earth Sciences, Edmond Safra Campus of Natural Sciences, Givat-Ram, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Donald Potts
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Edo Bar-Zeev
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990, Israel.
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26
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Rahav E, Raveh O, Hazan O, Gordon N, Kress N, Silverman J, Herut B. Impact of nutrient enrichment on productivity of coastal water along the SE Mediterranean shore of Israel - A bioassay approach. Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 127:559-567. [PMID: 29475698 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The coastal waters of the southeastern Mediterranean-Sea (SEMS) are routinely enriched with naturally-occurring and anthropogenic land-based nutrient loads. These external inputs may affect autotrophic and heterotrophic microbial biomass and activity. Here, we conducted 13 microcosm bioassays with different additions of inorganic NO3-(N), PO4-(P) and Si(OH)4-(Si) in different seasons along the Mediterranean coast of Israel. Our results indicate that cyanobacteria are mainly N-limited, whereas N or Si (or both) limit pico-eukaryotes. Furthermore, the degree to which N affects phytoplankton depends on the ambient seawater's inorganic N and N:P characteristics. Heterotrophic bacteria displayed no response in all treatments, except when all nutrients were added simultaneously, suggesting a possible co-limitation by nutrients. These results contrast the N+P co-limitation of phytoplankton and the P-limitation of bacteria in the open waters of the SEMS. These observations enable the application for a better science-based environmental monitoring and policy implementation along the SEMS coast of Israel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Rahav
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 31080, Israel.
| | - Ofrat Raveh
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 31080, Israel
| | - Or Hazan
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 31080, Israel
| | - Nurit Gordon
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 31080, Israel
| | - Nurit Kress
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 31080, Israel
| | - Jacob Silverman
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 31080, Israel
| | - Barak Herut
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 31080, Israel
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Hazan O, Silverman J, Sisma-Ventura G, Ozer T, Gertman I, Shoham-Frider E, Kress N, Rahav E. Mesopelagic Prokaryotes Alter Surface Phytoplankton Production during Simulated Deep Mixing Experiments in Eastern Mediterranean Sea Waters. Front Mar Sci 2018. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2018.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
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28
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Belkin N, Rahav E, Elifantz H, Kress N, Berman-Frank I. The effect of coagulants and antiscalants discharged with seawater desalination brines on coastal microbial communities: A laboratory and in situ study from the southeastern Mediterranean. Water Res 2017; 110:321-331. [PMID: 28063294 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Desalination outflows frequently discharge brine containing coagulants and antiscalants (e.g. Iron-hydroxides and polyphosphonates) to the coastal environment. Here we examined changes in composition and productivity of natural microbial coastal communities in experimental mesocosms treated with either iron-hydroxide (Fe), polyphosphonate (Pn), or a combination of high salinities with both chemicals (All). Within 2 h of addition Fe already altered the microbial community composition, enhanced the bacterial production (BP) and cell specific production (BP/BA), and decreased primary production. Addition of Pn, relieved phosphorus stress as demonstrated by the immediate (within 2 h) and significant reduction in the ecto-enzyme alkaline phosphatase activity (APA). Synergistic effects were observed in the All treatment, reflected by increased production of both primary and bacterial producers as P-stress was relieved. After 10 days of incubation, the microbial community composition changed significantly only in the All treatment. The Fe-only treatment caused a significant decline in autotrophic biomass and in the assimilation number (AN), while in both the Pn and the All treatments the BP/BA increased with the added P. We also examined the microbial community responses in a natural impacted environment at the Ashkelon seawater desalination plant brine discharge site during summer and winter. The community composition differed in elevated-salinity compared with non-impacted stations with higher AN and bacterial efficiencies (BP/BA) measured in summer in the elevated-salinity stations. The seasonal differences in responses may reflect both biotic (i.e. initial community composition) and abiotic factors (currents and residence time of salinity gradients). Our results emphasize that desalination brine discharges that include chemicals such as iron-hydroxide and polyphosphonates can induce physiological and compositional changes in the microbial community. With the expansion of desalination facilities worldwide such shifts in composition and function of the microbial communities may destabilize and change local aquatic food webs and should thus be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Belkin
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Eyal Rahav
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 31080, Israel
| | - Hila Elifantz
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Nurit Kress
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 31080, Israel
| | - Ilana Berman-Frank
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel.
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Rahav E, Giannetto MJ, Bar-Zeev E. Contribution of mono and polysaccharides to heterotrophic N2 fixation at the eastern Mediterranean coastline. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27858. [PMID: 27306501 PMCID: PMC4910064 DOI: 10.1038/srep27858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
N2 fixation should be a critical process in the nitrogen-poor surface water of the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Despite favorable conditions, diazotroph abundance and N2 fixation rates remains low for reasons yet explained. The main goal of this study was to investigate the limiting nutrients for diazotrophy in this oligotrophic environment. Hence, we conducted dedicated bottle-microcosms with eastern Mediterranean Sea water that were supplemented with mono and polysaccharides as well as inorganic nitrogen and phosphorous. Our results indicate that the diazotrophic community expressing nifH was primarily represented by heterotrophic Proteobacteria. N2 fixation and heterotrophic bacterial activity increased up-to tenfold following two days of dark incubations, once seawater was supplemented with organic carbon substrate in the form of glucose (monosaccharides) or gum-xanthan (polysaccharide surrogate). Furthermore, our results point that carbon-rich polysaccharides, such as transparent exopolymer particles, enhance heterotrophic N2 fixation, by forming microenvironments of intense metabolic activity, high carbon: nitrogen ratio, and possibly low O2 levels. The conclusions of this study indicate that diazotrophs in the eastern Mediterranean coast are primarily limited by organic carbon substrates, as possibly in many other marine regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Rahav
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, 8030, Israel
| | - M. J. Giannetto
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - E. Bar-Zeev
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
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Stein S, Russak A, Sivan O, Yechieli Y, Rahav E, Oren Y, Kasher R. Saline Groundwater from Coastal Aquifers As a Source for Desalination. Environ Sci Technol 2016; 50:1955-1963. [PMID: 26810309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Reverse osmosis (RO) seawater desalination is currently a widespread means of closing the gap between supply and demand for potable water in arid regions. Currently, one of the main setbacks of RO operation is fouling, which hinders membrane performance and induces pressure loss, thereby reducing system efficiency. An alternative water source is saline groundwater with salinity close to seawater, pumped from beach wells in coastal aquifers which penetrate beneath the freshwater-seawater interface. In this research, we studied the potential use of saline groundwater of the coastal aquifer as feedwater for desalination in comparison to seawater using fieldwork and laboratory approaches. The chemistry, microbiology and physical properties of saline groundwater were characterized and compared with seawater. Additionally, reverse osmosis desalination experiments in a cross-flow system were performed, evaluating the permeate flux, salt rejection and fouling propensities of the different water types. Our results indicated that saline groundwater was significantly favored over seawater as a feed source in terms of chemical composition, microorganism content, silt density, and fouling potential, and exhibited better desalination performance with less flux decline. Saline groundwater may be a better water source for desalination by RO due to lower fouling potential, and reduced pretreatment costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaked Stein
- Department of Desalination and Water Treatment, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 84990, Israel
| | - Amos Russak
- Department of Geology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Orit Sivan
- Department of Geology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Yoseph Yechieli
- Department of Desalination and Water Treatment, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 84990, Israel
- Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhei Israel Street, Jerusalem 95501, Israel
| | - Eyal Rahav
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography , Tel-Shikmona 8030, Haifa 31080, Israel
| | - Yoram Oren
- Department of Desalination and Water Treatment, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 84990, Israel
| | - Roni Kasher
- Department of Desalination and Water Treatment, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 84990, Israel
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31
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Raveh O, David N, Rilov G, Rahav E. The Temporal Dynamics of Coastal Phytoplankton and Bacterioplankton in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140690. [PMID: 26474399 PMCID: PMC4608699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study considers variability in phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacterial abundances and production rates, in one of the most oligotrophic marine regions in the world–the Levantine Basin. The temporal dynamics of these planktonic groups were studied in the coastal waters of the southeastern Mediterranean Sea approximately every two weeks for a total of two years. Heterotrophic bacteria were abundant mostly during late summer and midwinter, and were positively correlated with bacterial production and with N2 fixation. Based on size fractionating, picophytoplankton was abundant during the summer, whereas nano-microphytoplankton predominated during the winter and early spring, which were also evident in the size-fractionated primary production rates. Autotrophic abundance and production correlated negatively with temperature, but did not correlate with inorganic nutrients. Furthermore, a comparison of our results with results from the open Levantine Basin demonstrates that autotrophic and heterotrophic production, as well as N2 fixation rates, are considerably higher in the coastal habitat than in the open sea, while nutrient levels or cell abundance are not different. These findings have important ecological implications for food web dynamics and for biological carbon sequestration in this understudied region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofrat Raveh
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel
| | - Niv David
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gil Rilov
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eyal Rahav
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel
- * E-mail:
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Belkin N, Rahav E, Elifantz H, Kress N, Berman-Frank I. Enhanced salinities, as a proxy of seawater desalination discharges, impact coastal microbial communities of the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Environ Microbiol 2015; 17:4105-20. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Belkin
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences; Bar-Ilan University; Ramat Gan 52900 Israel
| | - Eyal Rahav
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research; National Institute of Oceanography; Haifa 31080 Israel
| | - Hila Elifantz
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences; Bar-Ilan University; Ramat Gan 52900 Israel
| | - Nurit Kress
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research; National Institute of Oceanography; Haifa 31080 Israel
| | - Ilana Berman-Frank
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences; Bar-Ilan University; Ramat Gan 52900 Israel
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Keuter S, Rahav E, Herut B, Rinkevich B. Distribution patterns of bacterioplankton in the oligotrophic south-eastern Mediterranean Sea. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2015; 91:fiv070. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiv070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kopf A, Bicak M, Kottmann R, Schnetzer J, Kostadinov I, Lehmann K, Fernandez-Guerra A, Jeanthon C, Rahav E, Ullrich M, Wichels A, Gerdts G, Polymenakou P, Kotoulas G, Siam R, Abdallah RZ, Sonnenschein EC, Cariou T, O'Gara F, Jackson S, Orlic S, Steinke M, Busch J, Duarte B, Caçador I, Canning-Clode J, Bobrova O, Marteinsson V, Reynisson E, Loureiro CM, Luna GM, Quero GM, Löscher CR, Kremp A, DeLorenzo ME, Øvreås L, Tolman J, LaRoche J, Penna A, Frischer M, Davis T, Katherine B, Meyer CP, Ramos S, Magalhães C, Jude-Lemeilleur F, Aguirre-Macedo ML, Wang S, Poulton N, Jones S, Collin R, Fuhrman JA, Conan P, Alonso C, Stambler N, Goodwin K, Yakimov MM, Baltar F, Bodrossy L, Van De Kamp J, Frampton DM, Ostrowski M, Van Ruth P, Malthouse P, Claus S, Deneudt K, Mortelmans J, Pitois S, Wallom D, Salter I, Costa R, Schroeder DC, Kandil MM, Amaral V, Biancalana F, Santana R, Pedrotti ML, Yoshida T, Ogata H, Ingleton T, Munnik K, Rodriguez-Ezpeleta N, Berteaux-Lecellier V, Wecker P, Cancio I, Vaulot D, Bienhold C, Ghazal H, Chaouni B, Essayeh S, Ettamimi S, Zaid EH, Boukhatem N, Bouali A, Chahboune R, Barrijal S, Timinouni M, El Otmani F, Bennani M, Mea M, Todorova N, Karamfilov V, Ten Hoopen P, Cochrane G, L'Haridon S, Bizsel KC, Vezzi A, Lauro FM, Martin P, Jensen RM, Hinks J, Gebbels S, Rosselli R, De Pascale F, Schiavon R, Dos Santos A, Villar E, Pesant S, Cataletto B, Malfatti F, Edirisinghe R, Silveira JAH, Barbier M, Turk V, Tinta T, Fuller WJ, Salihoglu I, Serakinci N, Ergoren MC, Bresnan E, Iriberri J, Nyhus PAF, Bente E, Karlsen HE, Golyshin PN, Gasol JM, Moncheva S, Dzhembekova N, Johnson Z, Sinigalliano CD, Gidley ML, Zingone A, Danovaro R, Tsiamis G, Clark MS, Costa AC, El Bour M, Martins AM, Collins RE, Ducluzeau AL, Martinez J, Costello MJ, Amaral-Zettler LA, Gilbert JA, Davies N, Field D, Glöckner FO. The ocean sampling day consortium. Gigascience 2015; 4:27. [PMID: 26097697 PMCID: PMC4473829 DOI: 10.1186/s13742-015-0066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean Sampling Day was initiated by the EU-funded Micro B3 (Marine Microbial Biodiversity, Bioinformatics, Biotechnology) project to obtain a snapshot of the marine microbial biodiversity and function of the world’s oceans. It is a simultaneous global mega-sequencing campaign aiming to generate the largest standardized microbial data set in a single day. This will be achievable only through the coordinated efforts of an Ocean Sampling Day Consortium, supportive partnerships and networks between sites. This commentary outlines the establishment, function and aims of the Consortium and describes our vision for a sustainable study of marine microbial communities and their embedded functional traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kopf
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstrasse 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany ; Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH, Campus Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Mesude Bicak
- University of Oxford, 7 Keble Road, OX1 3QG Oxford, Oxfordshire UK
| | - Renzo Kottmann
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstrasse 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Julia Schnetzer
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstrasse 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany ; Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH, Campus Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Ivaylo Kostadinov
- Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH, Campus Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Katja Lehmann
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, MacLean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, OX10 8BB Wallingford, Oxfordshire UK
| | - Antonio Fernandez-Guerra
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstrasse 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany ; University of Oxford, 7 Keble Road, OX1 3QG Oxford, Oxfordshire UK
| | - Christian Jeanthon
- CNRS & Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, F-29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Eyal Rahav
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Tel- Shikmona, POB 8030, 31080 Haifa, Israel
| | - Matthias Ullrich
- Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH, Campus Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Antje Wichels
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Kurpromenade 201, 27498 Helgoland, Germany
| | - Gunnar Gerdts
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Kurpromenade 201, 27498 Helgoland, Germany
| | - Paraskevi Polymenakou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Gournes Pediados, 71500 Heraklion, Crete Greece
| | - Giorgos Kotoulas
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Gournes Pediados, 71500 Heraklion, Crete Greece
| | - Rania Siam
- Biology Department and YJ-Science and Technology Research Center, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835 Cairo Governorate Egypt
| | - Rehab Z Abdallah
- Biology Department and YJ-Science and Technology Research Center, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835 Cairo Governorate Egypt
| | - Eva C Sonnenschein
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Matematiktorvet 301, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thierry Cariou
- CNRS & Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, F-29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Fergal O'Gara
- National University of Ireland-University College Cork, Cork, Ireland ; Curtin University, Biomedical Sciences, Perth, Western Australia Australia
| | - Stephen Jackson
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Matematiktorvet 301, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sandi Orlic
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Michael Steinke
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, CO4 3SQ Colchester, Essex UK
| | - Julia Busch
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26383 Wilhemshaven, Germany
| | - Bernardo Duarte
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Campo Grande 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Caçador
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Campo Grande 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Canning-Clode
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Campo Grande 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal ; Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 21037 Edgewater, Maryland USA
| | - Oleksandra Bobrova
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Biotechnology, Odessa National II Mechnikov University, Dvoryanskaya str.2, 65082 Odessa, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Clara Magalhães Loureiro
- InBio/CIBIO, Departamento de Biologia da Universidade dos Açores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Gian Marco Luna
- National Research Council, Institute of Marine Sciences (CNR-ISMAR), Castello 2737/f, Arsenale Tesa 104, 30122 Venezia, Italy
| | - Grazia Marina Quero
- National Research Council, Institute of Marine Sciences (CNR-ISMAR), Castello 2737/f, Arsenale Tesa 104, 30122 Venezia, Italy
| | - Carolin R Löscher
- Institute of Microbiology/ GEOMAR, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Anke Kremp
- Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Erik Palmenin aukio 1, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marie E DeLorenzo
- NOAA/National Ocean Service/NCCOS/Center for Coastal Environmental Health & Biomolecular Research Charleston, 29412 South Carolina, USA
| | - Lise Øvreås
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 53B, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Jennifer Tolman
- LaRoche Research Group, Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, B3H 4R2 Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Julie LaRoche
- LaRoche Research Group, Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, B3H 4R2 Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Antonella Penna
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Viale Trieste 296, 61121 Pesaro, Italy
| | - Marc Frischer
- University of Georgia's Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, 10 Ocean Science Circle, 31411 Savannah, Georgia USA
| | - Timothy Davis
- NOAA-Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, 4840 S State Road, 48108 Ann Arbor, Michigan USA
| | - Barker Katherine
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10th and Constitution Avenue NW, 20013 Washington, DC USA
| | - Christopher P Meyer
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10th and Constitution Avenue NW, 20013 Washington, DC USA
| | - Sandra Ramos
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Center of Environmental and Marine Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Magalhães
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Center of Environmental and Marine Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Florence Jude-Lemeilleur
- Station Marine d'Arcachon, CNRS & Univ Bordeaux, 2 rue Professeur Jolyet, F-33120 Arcachon, France
| | - Ma Leopoldina Aguirre-Macedo
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Unidad Mérida, Carretera Antigua a Progreso Km 6 Cordemex, C.P., 97310 Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Shiao Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, 39406 Hattiesburg, Mississippi USA
| | - Nicole Poulton
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Drive, 04544 East Boothbay, Maine USA
| | - Scott Jones
- Smithsonian Marine Station, 701 Seaway Drive, 34949 Fort Pierce, Florida USA
| | - Rachel Collin
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa Ancon, Panama
| | - Jed A Fuhrman
- Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 90089-0371 Los Angeles, California USA
| | - Pascal Conan
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR7621, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, Observatoire Océanologique, F-66651 Banyuls sur Mer, France
| | - Cecilia Alonso
- Microbial Ecology of Aquatic Transitional Systems Research Group, Centro Universitario de la Región Este, Universidad de la República, Ruta 15, km 28.500, Rocha, Uruguay
| | - Noga Stambler
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002 Ramat-Gan, Israel ; Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat, 88103 Eilat, Israel
| | - Kelly Goodwin
- NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, 33149 Miami, Florida USA
| | - Michael M Yakimov
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, IAMC-CNR, Spianata S Raineri, 86 - 98122, Messina, Sicily Italy
| | - Federico Baltar
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, 9054 Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Levente Bodrossy
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, 7000 Hobart, Tasmania Australia
| | - Jodie Van De Kamp
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, 7000 Hobart, Tasmania Australia
| | - Dion Mf Frampton
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, 7000 Hobart, Tasmania Australia
| | - Martin Ostrowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Macquarie University, 2109 Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul Van Ruth
- South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI) - Aquatic Sciences, PO Box 120, 5022 Henley Beach, South Australia Australia
| | - Paul Malthouse
- South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI) - Aquatic Sciences, PO Box 120, 5022 Henley Beach, South Australia Australia
| | - Simon Claus
- Flanders Marine Institute, InnovOcean site, Wandelaarkaai 7, 8400 Oostende, Belgium
| | - Klaas Deneudt
- Flanders Marine Institute, InnovOcean site, Wandelaarkaai 7, 8400 Oostende, Belgium
| | - Jonas Mortelmans
- Flanders Marine Institute, InnovOcean site, Wandelaarkaai 7, 8400 Oostende, Belgium
| | - Sophie Pitois
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Pakefield Road, NR33 0HT Lowestoft, Suffolk UK
| | - David Wallom
- University of Oxford, 7 Keble Road, OX1 3QG Oxford, Oxfordshire UK
| | - Ian Salter
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR7621, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, Observatoire Océanologique, F-66651 Banyuls sur Mer, France ; Alfred-Wegener-Institut-Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Costa
- Microbial Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Centre of Marine Sciences, Algarve University, Gambelas Campus, Building 7, Room 2.77, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Declan C Schroeder
- Marine Biological Association of the UK, Citadel Hill, PL1 2PB Plymouth, Devon UK
| | - Mahrous M Kandil
- Soil and Water Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, El-Shatbi, 21545 Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Valentina Amaral
- Microbial Ecology of Aquatic Transitional Systems Research Group, Centro Universitario de la Región Este, Universidad de la República, Ruta 15, km 28.500, Rocha, Uruguay
| | - Florencia Biancalana
- Marine Biogeochemistry - Argentine Institute of Oceanography, Camino La Carrindanga Km 7,5, 8000 Florida, Bahia Blanca Argentina
| | - Rafael Santana
- Microbial Ecology of Aquatic Transitional Systems Research Group, Centro Universitario de la Región Este, Universidad de la República, Ruta 15, km 28.500, Rocha, Uruguay
| | - Maria Luiza Pedrotti
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire océanologique, F-Villefranche-sur-Mer, Paris, France
| | - Takashi Yoshida
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ogata
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Japan
| | - Tim Ingleton
- Waters, Wetlands and Coasts, New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage, Sydney South 1232, 59-61 Goulburn Street, 2001 PO Box A290, Sydney, New South Wales Australia ; Antarctic and Southern Ocean Studies, University of Tasmania, 7004 Hobart, Tasmania Australia
| | - Kate Munnik
- Lwandle Technologies, Black River Park, Fir Road, 7925 Observatory, Cape Town South Africa
| | | | | | - Patricia Wecker
- CRIOBE, USR3278 CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, LabEx Corail, BP 1013-98729 Papetoai Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Ibon Cancio
- University of the Basque Country, PO Box 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country Spain
| | - Daniel Vaulot
- CNRS & Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, F-29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Christina Bienhold
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstrasse 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany ; Alfred-Wegener-Institut-Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Hassan Ghazal
- Polydisciplinary Faculty of Nador, University Mohammed Premier, Selouane, Nador Morocco ; Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Bouchra Chaouni
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco ; Faculty of Sciences of Rabat, University Mohammed Fifth Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Soumya Essayeh
- Polydisciplinary Faculty of Nador, University Mohammed Premier, Selouane, Nador Morocco
| | - Sara Ettamimi
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco ; Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taza, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah, Fes, Morocco
| | - El Houcine Zaid
- Faculty of Sciences of Rabat, University Mohammed Fifth Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Noureddine Boukhatem
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Abderrahim Bouali
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Rajaa Chahboune
- Polydisciplinary Faculty of Nador, University Mohammed Premier, Selouane, Nador Morocco ; Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Tanger, Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tanger, Morocco
| | - Said Barrijal
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Tanger, Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tanger, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Timinouni
- Pasteur Institute of Morocco, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 20100 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Fatima El Otmani
- Microbiology, Health and Environment Team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, Rte Ben Maachou, BP 20 Avenue des Facultés, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Bennani
- Pasteur Institute of Morocco, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 20100 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Marianna Mea
- Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH, Campus Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Nadezhda Todorova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research (IBER), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Street, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ventzislav Karamfilov
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research (IBER), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Street, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Petra Ten Hoopen
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD Cambridge, Cambridgeshire UK
| | - Guy Cochrane
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD Cambridge, Cambridgeshire UK
| | - Stephane L'Haridon
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO, UEB), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Place Nicolas Copernic, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Kemal Can Bizsel
- Dokuz Eylul University (DEU), Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology (IMST), Baku Bulvard, No: 100, Inciralti, 35340 Izmir, Balcova Turkey
| | - Alessandro Vezzi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Federico M Lauro
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, 60 Nanyang Drive, SBS 01N-27, 637551 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Patrick Martin
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rachelle M Jensen
- Indigo V Expeditions, ONE°15 Marina, #01-01, 11 Cove Drive, Sentosa Cove, 098497 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jamie Hinks
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, 60 Nanyang Drive, SBS 01N-27, 637551 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Susan Gebbels
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Newcastle University, Dove Marine Laboratory, Cullercoats, NE30 4PZ Tyne and Wear UK
| | - Riccardo Rosselli
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Fabio De Pascale
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Riccardo Schiavon
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Antonina Dos Santos
- IPMA, Department of Sea and Marine Resources, Avenida de Brasília, s/n, 1449-006 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Emilie Villar
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IGS UMR 7256, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Pesant
- PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science, MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University Bremen, Hochschulring 18, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Bruno Cataletto
- OGS, National Institute of Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics, Via Auguste Piccard, 54, 34151, Santa Croce, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Malfatti
- OGS, National Institute of Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics, Via Auguste Piccard, 54, 34151, Santa Croce, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ranjith Edirisinghe
- Department of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale, Sri Lanka
| | - Jorge A Herrera Silveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, 39406 Hattiesburg, Mississippi USA
| | - Michele Barbier
- Mediterranean Science Commission, 16 Bd de Suisse, 98 000 Monaco, Monaco
| | - Valentina Turk
- Marine Biology Station, National Institute of Biology, Fornače 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia
| | - Tinkara Tinta
- Marine Biology Station, National Institute of Biology, Fornače 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia
| | - Wayne J Fuller
- Near East University, TRNC Mersin 10, 99138 Nicosia, Northern Cyprus
| | - Ilkay Salihoglu
- Near East University, TRNC Mersin 10, 99138 Nicosia, Northern Cyprus
| | - Nedime Serakinci
- Near East University, TRNC Mersin 10, 99138 Nicosia, Northern Cyprus
| | | | - Eileen Bresnan
- Phytoplankton Ecology, Marine Scotland Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, AB11 9DB Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire UK
| | - Juan Iriberri
- University of the Basque Country, PO Box 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country Spain
| | | | - Edvardsen Bente
- Section for Aquatic Biology and Toxicology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, 0316 Blindern, Oslo Norway
| | - Hans Erik Karlsen
- Drøbak Field Station, Marine Biology Research station, Biologiveien 2, 1440 Drøbak, Norway
| | - Peter N Golyshin
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, LL57 2UW Gwynedd, Bangor UK
| | - Josep M Gasol
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar-CSIC, Pg Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, E08003 Barcelona, Catalunya Spain
| | - Snejana Moncheva
- Fridtjof Nansen Institute of Oceanology, First May Street 40, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Nina Dzhembekova
- Fridtjof Nansen Institute of Oceanology, First May Street 40, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Zackary Johnson
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Biology Department, Duke University, 135 Marine Lab Road, 28516 Beaufort, North Carolina USA
| | - Christopher David Sinigalliano
- NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, 33149 Miami, Florida USA
| | - Maribeth Louise Gidley
- NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, 33149 Miami, Florida USA ; Cooperative Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, 33149 Miami, Florida USA
| | - Adriana Zingone
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberto Danovaro
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy ; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - George Tsiamis
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, 2 Seferi Street, 301 00 Agrinio, Greece
| | - Melody S Clark
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, CB3 0ET Cambridge, Cambridgeshire UK
| | - Ana Cristina Costa
- InBio/CIBIO, Departamento de Biologia da Universidade dos Açores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Monia El Bour
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), 28 rue du 2 mars 1934, 2025 Salammbô, Tunisia
| | - Ana M Martins
- InBio/CIBIO, Departamento de Biologia da Universidade dos Açores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal ; Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores, PT-9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - R Eric Collins
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Box 757220, 99775 Fairbanks, Alaska USA
| | | | - Jonathan Martinez
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, Kewalo Marine Laboratory, 41 Ahui St., Honolulu, 96813 Hawaii, USA
| | - Mark J Costello
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - Linda A Amaral-Zettler
- Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, 02543 Massachusetts, USA ; Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, 02912 Providence, Rhode Island USA
| | - Jack A Gilbert
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China ; Institute for Genomic and Systems Biology, Bioscience Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, 60439 Argonne, Illinois USA ; University of Chicago, 1101 E 57th Street, 60637 Chicago, Illinois USA ; Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, 02543 Massachusetts, USA
| | - Neil Davies
- Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH, Campus Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen, Germany ; Gump South Pacific Research Station, University of California Berkeley, BP 244 98728 Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Dawn Field
- Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH, Campus Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen, Germany ; University of Oxford, 7 Keble Road, OX1 3QG Oxford, Oxfordshire UK
| | - Frank Oliver Glöckner
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstrasse 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany ; Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH, Campus Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen, Germany
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Bar-Zeev E, Rahav E. Microbial metabolism of transparent exopolymer particles during the summer months along a eutrophic estuary system. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:403. [PMID: 26042092 PMCID: PMC4436900 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explores the role of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) as an additional carbon source for heterotrophic microbial activity in the eutrophic Qishon estuary. From the coastal station and upstream the estuary; TEP concentrations, β-glucosidase activity, bacterial production and abundance have gradually increased. TEP were often found as bio-aggregates, scaffolding algae, detritus matter and bacteria that likely formed “hotspots” for enhance microbial activity. To further demonstrate the link between TEP and heterotrophic bacterial activity, confined incubations with ambient and polysaccharide-enriched estuary water were carried out. Following polysaccharide addition, elevated (~50%) β-glucosidase activity rates were observed, leading to TEP hydrolysis. This newly formed bioavailable carbon resulted in significantly higher growth rates, with up to a 5-fold increase in heterotrophic bacterial biomass, comprising mostly high nucleic acid content bacteria. Taking together the findings from this research, we conclude that even in highly eutrophic environments heterotrophic bacteria may still be carbon limited. Further, TEP as a polysaccharide matrix can act as a metabolic surrogate, adding fresh bioavailable carbon through tight associations with bacteria in eutrophic ecosystems such as the Qishon estuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edo Bar-Zeev
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Eyal Rahav
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography Haifa, Israel
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Rahav E, Bar-Zeev E, Ohayon S, Elifantz H, Belkin N, Herut B, Mulholland MR, Berman-Frank I. Dinitrogen fixation in aphotic oxygenated marine environments. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:227. [PMID: 23986748 PMCID: PMC3753716 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We measured N2 fixation rates from oceanic zones that have traditionally been ignored as sources of biological N2 fixation; the aphotic, fully oxygenated, nitrate (NO−3)-rich, waters of the oligotrophic Levantine Basin (LB) and the Gulf of Aqaba (GA). N2 fixation rates measured from pelagic aphotic waters to depths up to 720 m, during the mixed and stratified periods, ranged from 0.01 nmol N L−1 d−1 to 0.38 nmol N L−1 d−1. N2 fixation rates correlated significantly with bacterial productivity and heterotrophic diazotrophs were identified from aphotic as well as photic depths. Dissolved free amino acid amendments to whole water from the GA enhanced bacterial productivity by 2–3.5 fold and N2 fixation rates by ~2-fold in samples collected from aphotic depths while in amendments to water from photic depths bacterial productivity increased 2–6 fold while N2 fixation rates increased by a factor of 2 to 4 illustrating that both BP and heterotrophic N2 fixation were carbon limited. Experimental manipulations of aphotic waters from the LB demonstrated a significant positive correlation between transparent exopolymeric particle (TEP) concentrations and N2 fixation rates. This suggests that sinking organic material and high carbon (C): nitrogen (N) micro-environments (such as TEP-based aggregates or marine snow) could support high heterotrophic N2 fixation rates in oxygenated surface waters and in the aphotic zones. Indeed, our calculations show that aphotic N2 fixation accounted for 37 to 75% of the total daily integrated N2 fixation rates at both locations in the Mediterranean and Red Seas with rates equal or greater to those measured from the photic layers. Moreover, our results indicate that that while N2 fixation may be limited in the surface waters, aphotic, pelagic N2 fixation may contribute significantly to new N inputs in other oligotrophic basins, yet it is currently not included in regional or global N budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Rahav
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University Ramat Gan, Israel ; Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography Haifa, Israel
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Yogev T, Rahav E, Bar-Zeev E, Man-Aharonovich D, Stambler N, Kress N, Béjà O, Mulholland MR, Herut B, Berman-Frank I. Is dinitrogen fixation significant in the Levantine Basin, East Mediterranean Sea? Environ Microbiol 2011; 13:854-71. [PMID: 21244595 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02402.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report N(2) fixation rates measured from two stations monitored monthly off the Mediterranean coast of Israel during 2006 and 2007, and along a transect from Israel to Crete in September 2008. Analyses of time-series data revealed expression of nifH genes from diazotrophs in nifH clusters I and II, including cyanobacterial bloom-formers Trichodesmium and diatom-Richelia intracellularis associations. However, nifH gene abundance and rates of N(2) fixation were very low in all size fractions measured (> 0.7 µm). Volumetric (15) N uptake ranged from below detection (∼ 36% of > 300 samples) to a high of 0.3 nmol N l(-1) d(-1) and did not vary distinctly with depth or season. Areal N(2) fixation averaged ∼ 1 to 4 µmol N m(-2) d(-1) and contributed only ∼ 1% and 2% of new production and ∼ 0.25% and 0.5% of primary production for the mixed (winter) and stratified (spring-fall) periods respectively. N(2) fixation rates along the 2008 east-west transect were also extremely low (0-0.04 nmol N l(-1) d(-1), integrated average 2.6 µmol N m(-2) d(-1) ) with 37% of samples below detection and no discernable difference between stations. We demonstrate that diazotrophy and N(2) fixation contribute only a minor amount of new N to the P impoverished eastern Mediterranean Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Yogev
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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