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Rockel JS, Potla P, Kapoor M. Transcriptomics and metabolomics: Challenges of studying obesity in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthr Cartil Open 2024; 6:100479. [PMID: 38774038 PMCID: PMC11103424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2024.100479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Obesity is a leading risk factor for both the incidence and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Omic technologies, including transcriptomics and metabolomics are capable of identifying RNA and metabolite profiles in tissues and biofluids of OA patients. The objective of this review is to highlight studies using transcriptomics and metabolomics that contribute to our understanding of OA pathology in relation to obesity. Design We conducted a targeted search of PUBMED for articles, and GEO for datasets, published up to February 13, 2024, screening for those using high-throughput transcriptomic and metabolomic techniques to study human or pre-clinical animal model tissues or biofluids related to obesity-associated OA. We describe relevant studies and discuss challenges studying obesity as a disease-related factor in OA. Results Of the 107 publications identified by our search criteria, only 15 specifically used transcriptomics or metabolomics to study joint tissues or biofluids in obesity-related OA. Specific transcriptomic and metabolomic signatures associated with obesity-related OA have been defined in select local joint tissues, biofluids and other biological material. However, considerable challenges exist in understanding contributions of obesity-associated modifications of transcriptomes and metabolomes related to OA, including sociodemographic, anthropometric, dietary and molecular redundancy-related factors. Conclusions A number of additional transcriptomic and metabolomic studies are needed to comprehensively understand how obesity affects OA incidence, progression and outcomes. Integration of transcriptome and metabolome signatures from multiple tissues and biofluids, using network-based approaches will likely help to better define putative therapeutic targets that could enable precision medicine approaches to obese OA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S. Rockel
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pratibha Potla
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohit Kapoor
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Kontsiotis VJ, Emmanouilidou F, Liordos V. Economic valuation of a mesocarnivore's impact management. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33398-4. [PMID: 38649604 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) have interacted with humans during their common history. We used a contingent valuation method to assess the economic value of the management of this mesocarnivore's negative impacts. We carried out face-to-face interviews with 746 Greek residents, using a multiple-bounded discrete choice approach to estimate willingness to pay (WTP) for red fox management under three impact situations: attack domestic animals, reduce game, carry disease. About 51.9%, 33.0%, and 81.1% of the respondents stated a mean WTP of €34.1, €44.9, and €72.1 for each situation, respectively. The total annual amounts of €18.7 million, €15.7 million, and €61.7 million could be collected from the target population for red fox management when they attack domestic animals, reduce game, and carry disease, respectively. Attitudes and likeability toward foxes were negatively associated while knowledge about foxes and fear of them were positively associated with WTP. The younger, richer, less educated, rural, farmers, hunters, and pet owners were generally more willing to pay for red fox management across situations. Females were more willing to pay for managing predation on domestic animals, while males were more willing to pay for managing predation on game. Our findings showed that the Greek residents highly value the management of red foxes in all impact situations and would be valuable for further advising the management process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios J Kontsiotis
- Department of Forest and Natural Environment Sciences, International Hellenic University, P.O. Box 172, 66100, Drama, Greece
| | - Foteini Emmanouilidou
- Department of Forest and Natural Environment Sciences, International Hellenic University, P.O. Box 172, 66100, Drama, Greece
| | - Vasilios Liordos
- Department of Forest and Natural Environment Sciences, International Hellenic University, P.O. Box 172, 66100, Drama, Greece.
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Khoo CMJ, Dea EZQ, Law LY, Wong SST, Ng KY, Bakhtiar A. Acceptability of COVID-19 booster vaccine in malaysia: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8421. [PMID: 38600166 PMCID: PMC11006945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the high efficacy and safety demonstrated in clinical trials, COVID-19 booster vaccination rates in Malaysia remain below 50% among the general public. This study explores the factors influencing public acceptance of the COVID-19 booster vaccine among the Malaysian population. The questionnaire included variables on sociodemographics, knowledge, and the Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs. Based on the Chi-squared test of contingencies, a t-test and multivariate logistic regression analysis on 411 collected responses, the findings revealed that older participants, individuals of Chinese ethnicity, and those with higher education levels and incomes were more willing to accept booster vaccinations. The analysis further identified perceived susceptibility, perceived severity and perceived barriers as significant predictors influencing booster vaccination acceptance rates. Healthcare policymakers may consider targeting interventions to diminish the obstacles associated with booster vaccinations. These intervention strategies include implementing health intervention programmes, such as public health awareness initiatives, to raise awareness of the risks and severity of COVID-19, ultimately encouraging higher uptake of booster vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Minn Jee Khoo
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Eve Zhi Qing Dea
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Li Yeow Law
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharon Siew Tong Wong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khuen Yen Ng
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Athirah Bakhtiar
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Driezen P, Gravely S, Kasza KA, Thompson ME, Cummings KM, Hyland A, Fong GT. Prevalence of menthol cigarette use among adults who smoke from the United States by census division and demographic subgroup, 2002-2020: findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) project. Popul Health Metr 2024; 22:6. [PMID: 38594706 PMCID: PMC11005135 DOI: 10.1186/s12963-024-00326-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted marketing of menthol cigarettes in the US influences disparities in the prevalence of menthol smoking. There has been no analysis of sub-national data documenting differences in use across demographic subgroups. This study estimated trends in the prevalence of menthol use among adults who smoke in the nine US census divisions by sex, age, and race/ethnicity from 2002 to 2020. METHODS Data from 12 waves of the US ITC Survey were used to estimate the prevalence of menthol cigarette use across census divisions and demographic subgroups using multilevel regression and post-stratification (n = 12,020). Multilevel logistic regression was used to predict the prevalence of menthol cigarette use in 72 cross-classified groups of adults who smoke defined by sex, age, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status; division-level effects were fit with a random intercept. Predicted prevalence was weighted by the total number of adults who smoke in each cross-classified group and aggregated to divisions within demographic subgroup. Estimates were validated against the Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey (TUS-CPS). RESULTS Overall modeled prevalence of menthol cigarette use was similar to TUS-CPS estimates. Prevalence among adults who smoke increased in each division from 2002 to 2020. By 2020, prevalence was highest in the Middle (46.3%) and South Atlantic (42.7%) and lowest in the Pacific (25.9%) and Mountain (24.2%) divisions. Prevalence was higher among adults aged 18-29 (vs. 50+) and females (vs. males). Prevalence among non-Hispanic Black people exceeded 80% in the Middle Atlantic, East North Central, West North Central, and South Atlantic in all years and varied most among Hispanic people in 2020 (Pacific: 26.5%, New England: 55.1%). CONCLUSIONS Significant geographic variation in the prevalence of menthol cigarette use among adults who smoke suggests the proposed US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) menthol cigarette ban will exert differential public health benefits and challenges across geographic and demographic subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pete Driezen
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
| | - Shannon Gravely
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Karin A Kasza
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Mary E Thompson
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - K Michael Cummings
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Andrew Hyland
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Geoffrey T Fong
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Luo X, Chaves J, Dhamane AD, Dai F, Latremouille-Viau D, Wang A. Delayed treatment initiation of oral anticoagulants among Medicare patients with atrial fibrillation. Am Heart J Plus 2024; 39:100369. [PMID: 38510996 PMCID: PMC10945966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahjo.2024.100369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Study objective This study aimed to identify factors associated with delayed oral anticoagulant (OAC) treatment initiation among atrial fibrillation (AF) patients in United States (US) clinical practice. Participants Medicare beneficiaries newly diagnosed with AF without moderate-to-severe mitral stenosis or a mechanical heart valve, were aged ≥65 years and prescribed OAC on or after 10/1/2015 through 2019 were included. Delayed and early OAC initiation were defined as >3 months and 0-3 months initiation from first AF diagnosis, respectively. Main outcome measures Association between delayed OAC initiation and patient demographics, clinical and index OAC coverage and formulary characteristics was examined using multivariable logistic regression. Results A total of 446,441 patients met the inclusion criteria; 30.0 % (N = 131,969) were identified as delayed and 70.0 % (N = 314,472) as early OAC initiation. Median age for both cohorts was 78 years. In the early and delayed OAC cohorts, 47.1 % and 47.6 % were male and 88.8 % and 86.6 %, were White, respectively. Factors associated with delayed OAC initiation (odds ratio; 95 % confidence interval) included Black race (1.29; 1.25 to 1.33), west region (1.29; 1.26 to 1.32), comorbidities such as dementia (1.27; 1.23 to 1.30), recent bleeding hospitalization (1.22; 1.18 to 1.27), prior authorization (1.69; 1.66 to 1.71), tier 4 formulary for index OAC at AF diagnosis (1.26; 1.22 to 1.30). Conclusion Our study revealed that nearly one-third of Medicare patients with AF experienced delayed OAC initiation. Key patient characteristics found to be associated with delayed OAC initiation included race and ethnicity, comorbidities, and formulary restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Luo
- Pfizer, Inc., Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Jose Chaves
- Pfizer SLU, Internal Medicine, Global Medical Affairs, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Feng Dai
- Pfizer, Inc., Global Product Development, Groton, CT, USA
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Pamidimukkala A, Kermanshachi S, Rosenberger JM, Hladik G. Barriers to adoption of electric vehicles in Texas. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:16735-16745. [PMID: 38326682 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32337-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Sustainable mobility options such as electric vehicles (EVs) have the potential to improve the quality of life for Americans as well as those in other countries, as they can enhance the quality of the air we breathe, while reducing greenhouse gas emissions, fossil fuel consumption, and the adverse impacts of global warming. Despite their many benefits, however, the demand for EVs remains low. Therefore, this study aims to identify the barriers that affect the widespread EV adoption in the United States. Seventeen barriers were identified from the literature, and a questionnaire survey was designed and distributed to potential consumers of EVs. The survey yielded 733 responses, and various statistical tests like cluster analysis and chi-squared tests were performed. The results revealed that the high purchase price of the vehicle, high battery replacement cost, and the lack of public infrastructures for charging them were the primary concerns. The results also revealed that middle-aged men with high education and income are more enthusiastic about adopting EVs. The results presented in this study indicate a range of developments that different stakeholders could implement. To surmount the economic barriers to EV adoption, policymakers should strengthen incentives countrywide, and automakers should introduce more affordable EVs to the market. To overcome the challenges associated with charging, it is necessary to make investments in rapid charging infrastructure along the primary toll routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Pamidimukkala
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Sharareh Kermanshachi
- Industrial Manufacturing and Systems Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington (UTA), Arlington, TX, 76019, USA.
| | - Jay Michael Rosenberger
- Industrial Manufacturing and Systems Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington (UTA), Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Greg Hladik
- Auxiliary Services, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
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Moss SJ, Stelfox M, McArthur E, Sriskandarajah C, Ahmed SB, Birnie K, Halperin DM, Halperin SA, Harley M, Hu J, Kamstra JN, Leppan L, Nickel A, Racine N, Russell K, Smith S, Solis M, Tutelman PR, Stelfox HT, Fiest KM, Parsons Leigh J. Social factors associated with self-reported changes in mental health symptoms among youth in the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:631. [PMID: 38413913 PMCID: PMC10900679 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18087-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and youth experienced marked impacts on day-to-day life in the COVID-19 pandemic that were associated with poorer familial and friend relationships, and greater mental health challenges. Few studies provide self-report data on mental health symptoms from children and youth themselves. We sought to examine the associations between social factors and child and youth self-reported symptoms of worsened mood, anxiety, and irritability during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A nationally representative cross-sectional survey was administered online to collect self-report data across 10 Canadian provinces among children (11-14 years) and youth (15-18 years), April-May 2022. Age-appropriate questions were based on The Partnership for Maternal, Newborn & Child Health and the World Health Organization of the United Nations H6 + Technical Working Group on Adolescent Health and Well-Being consensus framework and the Coronavirus Health and Impact Survey. Associations between a priori defined social factors (e.g., relationship quality) and respondent self-reported mental health were evaluated using ordinal logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, and geographic location. RESULTS We analyzed data from 483 (51.7%) children (11-14 years; 227, 47.0% girls) and 450 (48.3%) youth (15-18 years; 204, 45.3% girls). The parents of most children and youth had resided in Canada for over 20 years (678, 72.7%). Over one-quarter of children and youth self-identified as Black, Indigenous, or a Person of Color (134, 27.7%; 134, 29.8%, respectively). Over one-third of children and youth self-reported symptoms of worsened mood (149, 30.9%; 125, 27.8%, respectively), anxiety (181, 37.5%; 167, 37.1%, respectively), or irritability (160, 33.1%; 160, 35.6%, respectively) during, compared to pre-pandemic. In descending order of odds ratios (OR), for children and youth, worsened familial relationships (during compared to pre-pandemic) was associated with the self-reported symptoms of worsened mood (child: OR 4.22, 95%CI 2.51-6.88; youth: OR 6.65 95%CI 3.98-11.23), anxiety (child: OR 4.24, 95%CI2.69-6.75; youth: OR 5.28, 95%CI 3.17-8.86), and irritability (child: OR 2.83, 95%CI 1.76-4.56; youth: OR 6.46, 95%CI 3.88-10.90). CONCLUSIONS Self-reported data from a nationally representative sample of children and youth suggest strong associations between social factors and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interventions targeting child and youth familial relationships may positively impact child and youth mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maia Stelfox
- Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | | | - Sofia B Ahmed
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kathryn Birnie
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Donna M Halperin
- Rankin School of Nursing, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada
| | - Scott A Halperin
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Jia Hu
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Josh Ng Kamstra
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura Leppan
- Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Angie Nickel
- Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Nicole Racine
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Stacie Smith
- Young Canadian Roundtable On Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - May Solis
- Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Perri R Tutelman
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Henry T Stelfox
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kirsten M Fiest
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Roos M, Bertrand-Charette M, Dubé MO, Tittley J, Brisson M, Chau L, Whittaker JL, Desmeules F, Mercier C, Roy JS. A cross-sectional observational study comparing individuals with a symptomatic full-thickness rotator cuff tear with age-matched controls. JSES Int 2024; 8:58-66. [PMID: 38312262 PMCID: PMC10837707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jseint.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A full-thickness rotator cuff tear (FTRCT) is defined as a complete tear of one of the four rotator cuff muscle tendons (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis or teres minor). This condition can lead to pain and reduced function. However, not all FTRCT are symptomatic. A better understanding of the characteristics that lead some individuals with FTRCT to experience pain is fundamental to improve strategies used to manage this condition. This level II descriptive study aimed to explore potential sociodemographic, anatomical, psychosocial, pain sensitivity, biomechanical and neuromuscular variables that may differ between individuals with symptomatic FTRCT and age-matched individuals with asymptomatic shoulders. Methods In this cross-sectional observational study, adults aged 50 to 80 years of age, either with symptomatic FTRCT or no shoulder pain, were recruited via convenience sampling. Participants filled out questionnaires on sociodemographic and psychosocial variables. Then, various tests were performed, including pain pressure threshold, shoulder range of motion, shoulder muscle strength, shoulder ultrasound and radiologic examination, and sensorimotor functions testing. Each variable was compared between groups using univariate analyses (independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, exact probability Fisher tests). Significance was set at 0.05. Results FTRCT (n = 30) and Control (n = 30) groups were comparable in terms of sex, age, and number of comorbidities. The symptomatic FTRCT group showed a higher proportion of smokers (P = .026) and more participants indicated consuming alcohol or drugs more than they meant to (P = .010). The FTRCT group had a significantly higher prevalence of glenohumeral osteophytes (48% vs. 17%; P = .012). Participants in the FTRCT group were significantly more stressed (P = .04), anxious (P = .003) and depressed (P = .002). The FTRCT group also showed significantly higher levels of pain catastrophisation (P < .001) and sleep disturbance (P < .001). The FTRCT group showed significantly lower range of motion for flexion (P < .001), and external rotation at 0° (P < .001) and 90° (P < .001) of abduction. Isometric strength in both abduction and external rotation were weaker (P = .005) for the FTRCT group. Conclusion Sociodemographic, anatomical, psychosocial and biomechanical variables showed statistically significant differences between the FTRCT and Control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Roos
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale (Cirris), Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Michaël Bertrand-Charette
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale (Cirris), Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marc-Olivier Dubé
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale (Cirris), Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Tittley
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale (Cirris), Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Mélanie Brisson
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Radiologie Mailloux, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Luc Chau
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Radiologie Mailloux, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jackie L Whittaker
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Arthritis Research Canada, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - François Desmeules
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Rehabilitation, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Orthopaedic Clinical Research Unit, Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (CRHMR), CIUSSS de l'Est-de-l'Île de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Mercier
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale (Cirris), Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Sébastien Roy
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale (Cirris), Québec, QC, Canada
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Brund RBK, Jensen LS, Gladvind KM, Fonager K. Sociodemographic and hospital characteristics for patients with severe functional disorder receiving specialized treatment at hospital. A regional register-based cross-sectional study from Denmark. J Psychosom Res 2024; 176:111561. [PMID: 38100895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 10% of all adult Danish citizen has a functional disorder (FD). This study aimed to describe how patients referred to specialized treatment (CFD; Clinic for Functional Disorders) differentiate from those not referred to specialized treatment in terms of sex, comorbidty, different types of hospital contacts and affiliation to labour market 12 and 60 months prior discharged from the hospital with a FD-diagnosis between 2019 and 2021. METHODS The study was a register-based cross-sectional study of patients discharged with a FD in North Denmark Region between 2019 and 2021 (study period). Patients between 18 and 65 years of age with FD were identified in the regional patient administrative system. RESULTS A total of 6831 patients were discharged from the hospital with a FD, of which 160 were referred to CFD. Patients with FD were more likely to be referred to CFD, if they were female, had reduced or no affiliation to the labour market or most hospital contacts were as outpatient. Moreover, an increase in hospital contacts as outpatient and a reduction in affiliation to labour market over time increased the chance of being treated at CFD. CONCLUSION Patients referred to CFD differed from patients not referred to CFD. Patients referred to CFD were to a lesser extent affiliated to the labour market but had more often hospital contacts as outpatient prior to being discharged with FD. In addition, patients referred to CFD increased their contacts to the hospital as outpatient more than those not referred during the preceding 5 years from discharge with FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Børge Korsgaard Brund
- Department of Social Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Danish Center for Health Services Research, Aalborg University, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Kirsten Fonager
- Department of Social Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Adekoya I, Delahunty-Pike A, Howse D, Kosowan L, Seshie Z, Abaga E, Cooney J, Robinson M, Senior D, Zsager A, Aubrey-Bassler K, Irwin M, Jackson L, Katz A, Marshall E, Muhajarine N, Neudorf C, Pinto AD. Screening for poverty and related social determinants to improve knowledge of and links to resources (SPARK): development and cognitive testing of a tool for primary care. BMC Prim Care 2023; 24:247. [PMID: 38007462 PMCID: PMC10675961 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-023-02173-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare organizations are increasingly exploring ways to address the social determinants of health. Accurate data on social determinants is essential to identify opportunities for action to improve health outcomes, to identify patterns of inequity, and to help evaluate the impact of interventions. The objective of this study was to refine a standardized tool for the collection of social determinants data through cognitive testing. METHODS An initial set of questions on social determinants for use in healthcare settings was developed by a collaboration of hospitals and a local public health organization in Toronto, Canada during 2011-2012. Subsequent research on how patients interpreted the questions, and how they performed in primary care and other settings led to revisions. We administered these questions and conducted in-depth cognitive interviews with all the participants, who were from Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, and Newfoundland and Labrador. Cognitive interviewing was used, with participants invited to verbalize thoughts and feelings as they read the questions. Interview notes were grouped thematically, and high frequency themes were addressed. RESULTS Three hundred and seventy-five individuals responded to the study advertisements and 195 ultimately participated in the study. Although all interviews were conducted in English, participants were diverse. For many, the value of this information being collected in typical healthcare settings was unclear, and hence, we included descriptors for each question. In general, the questions were understood, but participants highlighted a number of ways the questions could be changed to be even clearer and more inclusive. For example, more response options were added to the question of sexual orientation and the "making ends meet" question was completely reworded in light of challenges to understand the informal phrasing cited by English as a Second Language (ESL) users of the tool. CONCLUSION In this work we have refined an initial set of 16 sociodemographic and social needs questions into a simple yet comprehensive 18-question tool. The changes were largely related to wording, rather than content. These questions require validation against accepted, standardized tools. Further work is required to enable community data governance, and to ensure implementation of the tool as well as the use of its data is successful in a range of organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itunuoluwa Adekoya
- Upstream Lab, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | | | - Dana Howse
- Primary Healthcare Research Unit, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John's, Canada
| | - Leanne Kosowan
- Department of Family Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Zita Seshie
- Department of Community Health & Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Eunice Abaga
- Upstream Lab, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Jane Cooney
- Upstream Lab, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Marjeiry Robinson
- Upstream Lab, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Dorothy Senior
- Upstream Lab, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Alexander Zsager
- Upstream Lab, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Kris Aubrey-Bassler
- Primary Healthcare Research Unit, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John's, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Canada
| | - Mandi Irwin
- Department of Family Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Lois Jackson
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Alan Katz
- Department of Family Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Emily Marshall
- Department of Family Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Nazeem Muhajarine
- Saskatchewan Population Health and Evaluation Research Unit, Saskatoon, Canada
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Cory Neudorf
- Saskatchewan Population Health and Evaluation Research Unit, Saskatoon, Canada
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Andrew D Pinto
- Upstream Lab, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada.
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Agbonlahor O, Mattingly DT, Rai J, Hart JL, McLeish AC, Walker KL. Differences in health care provider screening for tobacco use among youth in the United States: The National Youth Tobacco Survey, 2021. Prev Med 2023; 175:107718. [PMID: 37793477 PMCID: PMC10681140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Health care providers (HCP) are encouraged to screen youth for tobacco product use as a key step in preventing such use and associated health outcomes. However, recent data examining differences in HCP tobacco screening by sociodemographic characteristics and tobacco use is scant. METHODS Data from the 2021 National Youth Tobacco Survey (N = 14,685) were analyzed. Three types of HCP screening were examined: no screening, any e-cigarette use (e-cigarette only, e-cigarette and other tobacco), and non-e-cigarette tobacco product use. Differences by HCP screening were examined using multinomial logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, race/ethnicity, and tobacco use (non-current, sole, dual/poly). RESULTS Among the sample, 42.8% were screened for any tobacco use, with 30.6% screened for any e-cigarette use and 12.2% for non-e-cigarette tobacco product use only. Youth who were older (vs. younger) (OR = 5.98, 95% CI: 4.78-7.49) and gay/lesbian (vs. heterosexual) (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.02-2.12) were more likely to be screened for e-cigarette use. Youth who were non-Hispanic Black (vs. non-Hispanic White) were less likely to be screened for e-cigarette use (OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.42-0.67) and more likely to be screened for non-e-cigarette tobacco use (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.10-1.63). Current sole tobacco use (vs. non-current use) and dual/poly tobacco use (vs. non-current use) increased the likelihood for HCP screening for e-cigarette use. CONCLUSIONS The majority of U.S. youth continue to not be screened for tobacco use by their HCP. Evidence of disparities in tobacco use screening suggest the need for policies and training that promote equity in screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osayande Agbonlahor
- Department of Communication, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Delvon T Mattingly
- Department of Behavioral Science, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Center for Health Equity Transformation, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jayesh Rai
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joy L Hart
- Department of Communication, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; American Heart Association Tobacco Center for Regulatory Science, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Alison C McLeish
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; American Heart Association Tobacco Center for Regulatory Science, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kandi L Walker
- Department of Communication, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; American Heart Association Tobacco Center for Regulatory Science, Dallas, TX, USA
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12
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Driessen R, Bhatia N, Gichoya JW, Safdar NM, Balthazar P. Sociodemographic Variables Reporting in Human Radiology Artificial Intelligence (AI) Research. J Am Coll Radiol 2023:S1546-1440(23)00332-0. [PMID: 37148953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly reshaping how radiology is practiced. Its susceptibility to biases, however, is a primary concern as more AI algorithms become available for widespread use. So far there has been limited evaluation of how sociodemographic variables are reported in radiology AI research. This study aims to evaluate the presence and extent of sociodemographic reporting in human subjects radiology AI original research. METHODS All human subjects original radiology artificial intelligence articles published from January to December 2020 in the top 6 US radiology journals, as determined by impact factor, were reviewed. Reporting of any sociodemographic variables (age, gender, and race/ethnicity), as well as any sociodemographic-based results were extracted. RESULTS Of the 160 included articles, 54% reported at least one sociodemographic variable, 53% reported age, 47% gender, and 4% race/ethnicity. 6% reported any sociodemographic-based results. There was significant variation in reporting of at least one sociodemographic variable by journal, ranging from 33-100%. CONCLUSIONS Reporting of sociodemographic variables in human subjects original radiology artificial intelligence research remains poor, putting the results and subsequent algorithms at increased risk of biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Driessen
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Services, Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Road NE, Suite BG03, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Neil Bhatia
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Services, Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Road NE, Suite BG03, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Judy Wawira Gichoya
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Services, Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Road NE, Suite BG03, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Nabile M Safdar
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Services, Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Road NE, Suite BG03, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Patricia Balthazar
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Services, Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Road NE, Suite BG03, Atlanta, GA 30322
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Liao EN, Stephans J, Taketa E, Mohamad NI, Kaur Khalsa I, Naugle K, Chan DK. Factors associated with congenital cytomegalovirus infection detected by dried blood spot testing in children with hearing loss. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 165:111446. [PMID: 36657329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2023.111446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection in infants leads to an increased risk of developing sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), even if they are asymptomatic at birth. There are currently no national guidelines for universal screening for CMV, placing children with cCMV at a high risk for unidentified and untreated HL, which in turn places them at greater risk for lasting impacts on quality of life and cognitive and behavioral abilities. We sought to describe the sociodemographic and hearing loss characteristics of children with HL due to cCMV. DESIGN We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients 0-18 years of age who completed CMV dried blood spot (DBS) testing in our HL clinic before April 1, 2022. Home ZIP codes were entered into the Healthy Places Index (HPI) database to quantify the health of the community in which the patient lived. Severity of HL was determined by pure tone averages (PTA) of hearing thresholds for frequencies of 500Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz, and 4000Hz. Progression was defined as those who referred on newborn hearing screen and then had a >15 dB increase in PTA, and those who passed newborn hearing screen and were found to have HL later in life. Logistic regression was used to compare variables. RESULTS Of 365 children who received a CMV DBS test, 15 (4%) had a positive test, indicating the presence of cCMV infection, and 350 (96%) had a negative test. 192 (53%) were male, 212 (58%) were URM, 202 (55%) had public insurance, the median number of ICD-10 codes was 2 (range 0-53), and the median HPI percentile score was 71.2 (range: 3.4-99.9). Although CMV DBS testing was ordered for those with suspicion of SNHL, ultimately diagnostic testing found 333 (91%) with SNHL, 4 (1%) with CHL, 13 (4%) with mixed HL, 9 (3%) with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder, and 5 (4%) with unspecified HL, and 11 (3%) without HL. Of the 353 patients with HL, 126 (36%) had unilateral, 156 (44%) had symmetric bilateral, and 71 (20%) had asymmetric bilateral HL; 183 (52%) had progressive and 138 (39%) had stable HL. In children with SNHL (n = 333), we tested the association of socio-demographic and audiologic factors with cCMV. Those with asymmetric bilateral SNHL (OR 5.19, 95% CI 1.81-14.90) or profound SNHL (>90 dB) in either ear (OR 13.91, 95% CI 3.82-50.67) had higher odds of having cCMV. Those with symmetric bilateral SNHL had lower odds of a positive CMV DBS test result (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.02-0.76). All sociodemographic variables, medical comorbidities, and other audiologic variables were not associated with CMV DBS test results. CONCLUSION Congenital CMV infection is associated with asymmetric bilateral and profound SNHL. More research is warranted to determine best practices for universal screening for cCMV to identify these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth N Liao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jihyun Stephans
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emily Taketa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Noura I Mohamad
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Inderpreet Kaur Khalsa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kendyl Naugle
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dylan K Chan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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14
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Kim J, Park S, Subramanian SV, Kim T. The Psychological Costs of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Heterogeneous Effects in South Korea: Evidence from a Difference-in-Differences Analysis. J Happiness Stud 2022; 24:455-476. [PMID: 36471764 PMCID: PMC9713163 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-022-00605-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study estimates the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on life satisfaction and stress and examines whether these effects vary across different sociodemographic groups using a nationally representative sample in South Korea. We estimate the causal effects of COVID-19 on psychological well-being by exploiting regional variation in the spread of the pandemic in South Korea. While the number of confirmed cases was very small in other provinces in the first half of 2020, the coronavirus spread rapidly in Daegu after an outbreak in one church. We employ a difference-in-differences approach that compares changes in people's life satisfaction and stress before-and-after the initial surge of COVID-19 cases in Daegu and other provinces. Our results show that the proportion of people who are dissatisfied with life increased by 2.8-6.5 percentage points more in Daegu than in other provinces after the COVID-19 outbreak. During the same period, the proportion of people who reported feeling stressed increased more in Daegu than in other provinces by 5.8-8.9 percentage points. Our results also suggest that the negative impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on psychological well-being is significantly greater for men, young adults, middle-aged adults, self-employed workers, and middle-income individuals. On the other hand, the proportion of people who report feeling stressed among the highest-educated (a master's degree or higher) and high-income individuals decreased after the onset of the COVID-19 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Kim
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sujeong Park
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - S. V. Subramanian
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Taehoon Kim
- Department of Economics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
The incidence of thyroid cancer continues to increase, representing the 5th most common cancer type in the USA today (Sherman, Lancet 361(9356):501-11, 2003). The current study sought to analyze the global burden of thyroid cancer utilizing the publicly accessible GLOBOCAN database. An estimated 586,202 cases of thyroid cancer were reported in 2020, making thyroid cancer the 10th most common cancer worldwide. The majority of thyroid cancer cases occurred in countries with a high or very high Human Development Index (HDI), accounting for 91% of new cases. With respect to the World Health Organization (WHO) regions, the Western Pacific had the highest incidence of thyroid cancer accounting for 47.6% of cases despite representing only 25.4% of the world's population. Thyroid cancer incidence and mortality are expected to increase by 29.9% and 67%, respectively, by the year 2040. The African region is projected to experience the highest increase in both incidence (84.3%) and mortality (100.3%) over this time period. The results of our study demonstrate that the incidence and mortality of thyroid cancer vary by the geographic location and socio-economic status. Although the incidence was noted to be the highest in very high HDI countries and the Western Pacific region, mortality was noted to be disproportionately higher in the low HDI countries and African region. This may be due to discrepancies in access to care and/or environmental exposures such as ionizing radiation and iodine deficiency. Further measures are required to improve the outcomes from thyroid cancer regardless of the geographic location or socio-economic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B Shank
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986880 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Chandrakanth Are
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986880 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Chelsea D Wenos
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986880 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
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Rajaee M, Echeverri B, Zuchowicz Z, Wiltfang K, Lucarelli JF. Socioeconomic and racial disparities of sidewalk quality in a traditional rust belt city. SSM Popul Health 2021; 16:100975. [PMID: 34917745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neighborhood walkability is key to promoting health, accessibility, and pedestrian safety. The Accessible, Connected Communities Encouraging Safe Sidewalks (ACCESS) project was developed to assess sidewalks throughout an urban community in Pontiac, Michigan. Data were collected from 2016 to 2018 along eighty miles of sidewalk for tripping hazards, cracking, vegetation, obstructions, overhead coverage, street lighting, buffers, and crosswalks. Data were mapped in ArcGIS with sociodemographic characteristics by U.S. Census block group. The majority of sidewalks had moderate (57.6%) or major (29.4%) sidewalk quality issues, especially maintenance-related impediments (68.6%) and inadequate street lighting or shade coverage (87.2%). The majority of crosswalks had a curb ramp to improve access for people with disabilities (84.4%), however over half lacked a detectable warning strip (55.8%). Degraded sidewalk quality was associated with lower neighborhood socioeconomic status and a higher proportion of Black and Latinx residents. Equity-centered pedestrian infrastructure improvement plans can address these disparities by increasing accessible, safe active transport options that promote physical activity and reduce health disparities. Evaluations like ACCESS can connect public health professionals with municipal planners to advance Complete Streets plans and promote healthy living. Rectify decades of sidewalk infrastructure disinvestment to improve walkability. Economic, racial, and ethnic disparities in pedestrian infrastructure. Pedestrian walking environment and accessibility assessment. Equitable distribution of pedestrian infrastructure in auto-centric cities. Local planning initiatives study nanoscale sidewalk accessibility.
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Wallace BK, Miles CH, Anderson CB. Effects of race and socioeconomic status on treatment for localized renal masses in New York City. Urol Oncol 2021; 40:65.e19-65.e26. [PMID: 34876349 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Partial nephrectomy (PN) is the preferred treatment for localized renal masses (LRM), however its use is not uniform across patient socioeconomic (SES) factors. Our hypothesis is that the effect of increased SES on surgical management of LRMs in New York City (NYC) will not be the same for Black and White patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were identified from the New York State Cancer Registry (NYSPACED) treated for LRMs with PN or radical nephrectomy from 2004 to 2016. We identified patients' home neighborhoods through Public Use Microdata Areas (PUMA) in NYSCAPED and used a US Census SES index. Logistic regression was used to determine the association of race and SES on receipt of PN, controlling for age, ethnicity, gender, and diagnosis year. RESULTS On unadjusted analyses, patients from higher PUMA SES quartiles were more likely to receive PN (OR = 1.07, P < 0.05), while Black patients were less likely to receive PN as compared to White patients (OR = 0.66, P < 0.001). Multivariable analysis showed a significant interaction between race and SES quartile (interaction P = 0.005) such that the effect of PUMA SES on receipt of PN was modified by race. PN receipt for Black vs. White patients was significantly different within the highest SES quartile (OR = 0.44, P < 0.001), but not within the lowest. CONCLUSION In NYC, patients from higher SES quartile neighborhoods had significantly increased odds for receipt of PN for LRMs. As neighborhood SES quartile increased, White patients were significantly more likely to receive PN, while Black patients were not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan K Wallace
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Caleb H Miles
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NY
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18
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Buchcik J, Borutta J, Nickel S, von dem Knesebeck O, Westenhöfer J. Health-related quality of life among migrants and natives in Hamburg, Germany: An observational study. J Migr Health 2021; 3:100045. [PMID: 34405190 PMCID: PMC8352133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2021.100045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this observational study was firstly, to assess the Health-related Quality of Life (HrQoL) among migrants and German natives in Hamburg, Germany, using the SF-12 mental and physical summary scores and secondly, to evaluate the contribution of selected sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables to explain the variance in mental and physical HrQoL separately for migrants and natives. Methods Face-to-face interviews were conducted with n=809 participants between May 2018 and July 2019 in six randomly selected statistical districts of Hamburg grouped into four levels of socioeconomic status (SES). The SF-12 questionnaire was used to measure the HrQoL. Socioeconomic (school education, income) and sociodemographic (age, gender, marital status, children) data was recorded, too. Results Migrants and natives scored higher in mental (migrants: M=45.77, SD=7.66; natives: M=47.60, SD=6.14) than in physical HrQoL (migrants: M=42.55, SD=5.55; natives: M=42.03, SD=4.71). Natives had a significantly higher (p<0.001) SF-12 mental summary score than migrants. There was a positive association between education and mental HrQoL (β=0.248, p=2.308) in the migrant but not in the native group. Due to limitations of the study the results of the impact of migration on the HrQoL require interpretation. Conclusion Differences between migrants and German natives in HrQoL were partially confirmed. Future research should differentiate more strongly between migration contexts as well as other determinants of health (e.g. early life, social support, unemployment) and their policy implications according to the WHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Buchcik
- University of Applied Sciences (HAW Hamburg), Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Health Sciences; Ulmenliet 20, 21033 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jana Borutta
- University of Applied Sciences (HAW Hamburg), Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Health Sciences; Ulmenliet 20, 21033 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Nickel
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Institute of Medical Sociology; Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olaf von dem Knesebeck
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Institute of Medical Sociology; Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Westenhöfer
- University of Applied Sciences (HAW Hamburg), Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Health Sciences; Ulmenliet 20, 21033 Hamburg, Germany
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Malone SK, Patterson F, Grunin L, Melkus GD, Riegel B, Punjabi N, Yu G, Urbanek J, Crainiceanu C, Pack A. Habitual physical activity patterns in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. Transl Behav Med 2021; 11:332-341. [PMID: 31985811 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity is a leading determinant of noncommunicable diseases. Yet, many adults remain physically inactive. Physical activity guidelines do not account for the multidimensionality of physical activity, such as the type or variety of physical activity behaviors. This study identified patterns of physical activity across multiple dimensions (e.g., frequency, duration, and variety) using a nationally representative sample of adults. Sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, and clinical characteristics associated with each physical activity pattern were defined. Multivariate finite mixture modeling was used to identify patterns of physical activity among 2003-2004 and 2005-2006 adult National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants. Chi-square tests were used to identify sociodemographic differences within each physical activity cluster and test associations between the physical activity clusters with health behaviors and clinical characteristics. Five clusters of physical activity patterns were identified: (a) low frequency, short duration (n = 730, 13%); (b) low frequency, long duration (n = 392, 7%); (c) daily frequency, short duration (n = 3,011, 55%); (d) daily frequency, long duration (n = 373, 7%); and (e) high frequency, average duration (n = 964, 18%). Walking was the most common form of activity; highly active adults engaged in more varied types of activity. High-activity clusters were comprised of a greater proportion of younger, White, nonsmoking adult men reporting moderate alcohol use without mobility problems or chronic health conditions. Active females engaged in frequent short bouts of activity. Data-driven approaches are useful for identifying clusters of physical activity that encompass multiple dimensions of activity. These activity clusters vary across sociodemographic and clinical subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan K Malone
- Rory Myers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Freda Patterson
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Laura Grunin
- Rory Myers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gail D Melkus
- Rory Myers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barbara Riegel
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Naresh Punjabi
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gary Yu
- Rory Myers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacek Urbanek
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ciprian Crainiceanu
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Allan Pack
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Röthke N, Wollschläger D, Kunzler AM, Rohde A, Molter S, Bodenstein M, Reif A, Walter H, Lieb K, Tüscher O. [Mental burden, resilience and tendency towards absenteeism among healthcare personnel in Germany during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in spring 2020 : An ad hoc survey]. Nervenarzt 2021; 92:579-90. [PMID: 34009438 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-021-01132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hintergrund Die COVID-19(„coronavirus disease 2019“)-Pandemie geht mit tiefgreifenden Änderungen im öffentlichen wie privaten Leben in Deutschland einher. Gesundheitspersonal ist dabei zusätzlich besonderen Belastungen ausgesetzt. Ziel der Arbeit In einer anonymen Querschnittsbefragung sollten die psychische Belastung, Resilienz, Absentismusneigung sowie assoziierte Faktoren in der COVID-19-Pandemie identifiziert werden. Methoden Unter einer nichtzufallsverteilten Stichprobe von Mitarbeitenden des Gesundheitswesens im Frühjahr 2020 (06.04. bis 07.05.2020) wurden Daten zu Soziodemographie, beruflicher Situation, Kontakt zu COVID-19-Patient*innen, psychischen Belastungen, Stressoren, Resilienz sowie Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren erhoben. Ein Vergleich mit Daten der Allgemeinbevölkerung in Deutschland vor und während der COVID-19-Pandemie wurde durchgeführt. Ergebnisse Nach der Auswertung 650 beantworteter Fragebögen fand sich im Vergleich zur deutschen Allgemeinbevölkerung vor der Pandemie eine höhere, im Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung während der Pandemie eine geringere psychische Belastung. Die Resilienz wurde etwas höher als in der Allgemeinbevölkerung vor und während der Pandemie eingeschätzt. COVID-19-bezogene Stressoren und Sorgen waren die wichtigsten Risikofaktoren, Selbstwirksamkeit und Optimismus die wichtigsten Schutzfaktoren. Die psychische Belastung korrelierte moderat mit dem Wunsch nach Berufswechsel und der Absentismusneigung. Diskussion Psychische Belastung von Gesundheitspersonal während der COVID-19-Pandemie geht mit einer verstärkten Neigung einher, sich krank zu melden. Um Gesundheitspersonal zu unterstützen, sollten besonders belasteten Gruppen Interventionen angeboten werden, die Schutzfaktoren wie Selbstwirksamkeit und Optimismus trainieren. Zusatzmaterial online Die Onlineversion dieses Beitrags (10.1007/s00115-021-01132-x) enthält umfangreiches Zusatzmaterial sowie weiterführende Literatur. Beitrag und Zusatzmaterial stehen Ihnen auf www.springermedizin.de zur Verfügung. Bitte geben Sie dort den Beitragstitel in die Suche ein, das Zusatzmaterial finden Sie beim Beitrag unter „Ergänzende Inhalte“. ![]()
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Beshar I, So J, Chelvakumar M, Cahill EP, Shaw KA, Shaw JG. Socioeconomic differences persist in use of permanent vs long-acting reversible contraception: An analysis of the National Survey of Family Growth, 2006 to 2010 vs 2015 to 2017. Contraception 2021; 103:246-54. [PMID: 33359509 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Permanent contraception has historically been more prevalent among non-White women with lower education and income. Given increasing popularity of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC), we examine changing sociodemographic patterns of permanent contraception and LARC. STUDY DESIGN We performed a descriptive analysis of the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) from 2006 to 2017, with multivariable analyses of the 2006 to 2010 and 2015 to 2017 cohorts. Using multinomial logistic regression, we investigate predictors of contraceptive category (permanent contraception vs LARC, lower-efficacy contraception vs LARC) in reproductive-aged women. RESULTS Total 8161 respondents were included in 2 distinct but analogous regression analyses: (1) the most recent survey cohort, 2015 to 2017 and (2) the cohort a decade prior, 2006 to 2010. Over this period, the prevalence of LARC increased nearly 3-fold (6.2%-16.7%), while permanent contraception use trended downwards (22%-18.6%). Yet, in adjusted models, we observed little change in the sociodemographic predictors of permanent contraception: from the early to recent cohort, use of permanent contraception (vs LARC) remained less likely among college graduates (multinomial odds ratio (OR) 0.45 [95% confidence interval 0.21, 0.97]) and Hispanic women (OR 0.41 [0.21, 0.82]). In addition, high income (>$74,999) and metropolitan residence came to predict less use (OR 0.33 [0.13, 0.84] and 0.47 [0.23, 0.97]). Multiparity, advanced age (over ≥35), and marital status remained strong predictors of permanent contraception. CONCLUSION Although use of LARC nearly equals that of permanent contraception in the most recent NSFG survey, socioeconomic differences persist. Continued effort is needed to detect and address structural barriers to accessing the most effective forms of contraception for women. IMPLICATIONS Comparing 2006-2010 to 2015-2017, reliance on female permanent contraception decreased while LARC use increased, making prevalence more similar. However, significant socioeconomic differences persist in who chooses permanent contraception, with urban, educated, higher income women more likely to use LARC. Ongoing efforts are needed to understand and reduce economic barriers to LARC.
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McGrath K, Bonuck K, Mann M. Exploratory spatial analysis of autism rates in New York school districts: role of sociodemographic and language differences. J Neurodev Disord 2020; 12:35. [PMID: 33327937 PMCID: PMC7745507 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-020-09338-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Literature on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suggests lower ASD prevalence and higher age of diagnosis among children of color, from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, and from families with lower educational levels. These disparities have been attributed to factors such as limited access to diagnostic and treatment services, less opportunity for upward mobility to locales with ample resources, and linguistic barriers. However, few studies describe prevalence and geographic differences of ASD diagnoses by English Language Learner (ELL) status. Objectives The primary objectives of this study are to (1) spatially explore the prevalence of ASD among New York State school districts and (2) examine differences of ASD prevalence rates between ELLs and native English-speaking peers. Methods Using the 2016–2017 district-level data on public and non-public school age students (3–21 years old) receiving special education services in New York, we analyzed sociodemographic trends among school districts with varying percentages (low, medium, and high ranges) of students with ASD and ELLs. To do this, we conducted exploratory spatial analyses using GIS software, analysis of school district level demographic data, and multivariate linear regression. Results In contrast to prior research on ASD prevalence among minority groups, we found disproportionately higher rates of ASD among school districts with higher proportions of Black and Hispanic students. Geographic analysis revealed statistically significant clustering of school districts with high ASD rates in New York City and Albany. Higher proportions of ELLs tended to be concentrated in densely populated, urban, and geographically smaller school districts and had higher proportions of Black, Hispanic, and Asian students. Conclusions Schools with higher rates of ASD and ELL students tend to be concentrated in urban regions throughout New York and have higher representation of Black and Hispanic/Latino students, as well as higher rates of learning disabilities in general. Further research is warranted to explore possible reasons for this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen McGrath
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, USA. .,CUNY Graduate Center, New York City, USA.
| | - Karen Bonuck
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, USA
| | - Mana Mann
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, USA
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Ebrahimi S, McNaughton SA, Leech RM, Abdollahi M, Houshiarrad A, Livingstone KM. A comparison of diet quality indices in a nationally representative cross-sectional study of Iranian households. Nutr J 2020; 19:132. [PMID: 33278876 PMCID: PMC7719237 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-020-00646-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iranian diet quality has been evaluated using indices that have not been created based on Iranian dietary guidelines. This study aimed to examine the applicability of two diet quality indices by examining their associations with nutrient adequacy, nutrient intakes and sociodemographics. METHODS Dietary data were collected using three 24-h dietary recalls from Iranian households. Nutrient adequacy was assessed using World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization 2002 (WHO/FAO) cut points. Household diet quality was calculated using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I). Sociodemographics of the household members were assessed. Regression analyses were used to examine associations between diet quality and nutrient adequacy, and between sociodemographics and diet quality. RESULTS A total of 6935 households were included in the analysis. Higher household diet quality was associated with adequate intake of calcium (HEI: OR 1.11, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.13; DQI-I: OR 1.14, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.16), vitamin C (HEI: OR 1.19, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.20; DQI-I: OR 1.12, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.12) and protein (HEI: OR 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.02; DQI-I: OR 1.09, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.09). Higher household diet quality was associated with household heads who were older (> 56 years old) (HEI: β 2.06, 95% CI: 1.63, 2.50; DQI-I β 2.90, 95% CI: 2.34, 3.45), higher educated (college/university completed) (HEI: β 4.54, 95% CI: 4.02, 5.06; DQI-I: β 2.11, 95% CI: 1.45, 2.77) and living in urban areas (HEI: β 2.85, 95% CI: 2.54, 3.16; DQI-I: β 0.72, 95% CI: 0.32, 1.12). CONCLUSIONS Based on associations with nutrient adequacy and sociodemographics, the applicability of two diet quality indices for assessing the diet quality of Iranian households was demonstrated. Results also indicated DQI-I may be more applicable than HEI for evaluating Iranian nutrient adequacy. Findings have implications for the design and assessment of diet quality in Iranian populations. Future research should examine the link between these diet quality indices and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ebrahimi
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220 Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125 Australia
| | - Sarah A. McNaughton
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220 Australia
| | - Rebecca M. Leech
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220 Australia
| | - Morteza Abdollahi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anahita Houshiarrad
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katherine M. Livingstone
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220 Australia
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Moss JL, Tatalovich Z, Zhu L, Morgan C, Cronin KA. Triple-negative breast cancer incidence in the United States: ecological correlations with area-level sociodemographics, healthcare, and health behaviors. Breast Cancer 2020; 28:82-91. [PMID: 32671723 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-020-01132-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer, more commonly diagnosed among black women than other subgroups. TNBC varies geographically, but little is known about area-level characteristics associated with elevated incidence. METHODS We generated 2011-2013 age-adjusted TNBC incidence rates for state economic areas (SEAs) in 43 states using data from North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. For cases missing data on molecular markers, we imputed TNBC status using cross-marginal proportions. We linked these data to SEA covariates from national sources. Using linear ecological regression, we examined correlates of TNBC incidence rates for the overall population and for age (< 50 years or 50 + years)- or race (white or black)-specific subgroups. RESULTS The mean annual incidence of TNBC across SEAs was 13.7 per 100,000 women (range = 4.5-26.3), with especially high and variable rates among African American women (mean = 20.5, range 0.0-155.1). TNBC incidence was highest in South Atlantic and East South Central Census Divisions and lowest in Mountain Division. Overall TNBC incidence was associated with SEA sociodemographics (e.g., percent of females age 45 + who are non-Hispanic black: coefficient estimate [est.] = 1.62), healthcare characteristics (e.g., percent of population without health insurance: est. = - 0.52), and health behaviors (e.g., prevalence of obesity among women: est. = 0.72) (all p < 0.05). Other variables related to TNBC incidence included density of obstetrician/gynecologists and prevalence of smoking. CONCLUSION TNBC incidence varied across SEAs in the U.S., particularly for African American women. Identifying areas with elevated TNBC incidence can facilitate research and interventions on area- and individual-level correlates of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Moss
- Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. .,Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, 134 Sipe Ave., #205, MC HS72, PO Box 850, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| | - Zaria Tatalovich
- Surveillance Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Li Zhu
- Surveillance Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Camille Morgan
- Center for Global Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kathleen A Cronin
- Surveillance Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Hughes Halbert C, Jefferson M, Ambrose L, Caulder S, Savage SJ. Resiliency and Allostatic Load among Veterans at Risk for Adverse Prostate Cancer Outcomes. Ethn Dis 2020; 30:177-184. [PMID: 32269459 DOI: 10.18865/ed.30.s1.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the relationships between resiliency, sociodemographic factors, and allostatic load among male Veterans. Design/Study Participants Cross-sectional study with minority (African American or Hispanic) and non-minority (White) male Veterans undergoing prostate biopsy. Setting Veterans Affairs Medical Center located in Charleston, SC. Main Outcome Measures Self-reported resilience measured using the two item sub-scale from the Connor-Davidson Resiliency Scale and allostatic load determined from biomarkers measured in blood. Results In this small sample, bounce-back resilience and allostatic load level had a significant negative correlation, while adaptation resilience and allostatic load were slightly correlated, but the association was not statistically significant. Sixty-six percent of participants reported that they were able to adapt and 40% reported they were able to bounce back. Higher income and lower PSA level were significantly correlated with greater adaptation resilience. Minority men were significantly more likely than non-minority men to report that they are able to bounce back. Married men were also significantly more likely than unmarried men to report that they were able to bounce back. Conclusion It may be important to target resiliency training programs to Veterans based on their social determinants and to examine the effects of these programs on allostatic load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanita Hughes Halbert
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Melanie Jefferson
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Linda Ambrose
- Department of Urology, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC
| | - Susan Caulder
- Department of Urology, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC
| | - Stephen J Savage
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.,Department of Urology, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC.,Department of Urology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
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Buse DC, Reed ML, Fanning KM, Bostic R, Dodick DW, Schwedt TJ, Munjal S, Singh P, Lipton RB. Comorbid and co-occurring conditions in migraine and associated risk of increasing headache pain intensity and headache frequency: results of the migraine in America symptoms and treatment (MAST) study. J Headache Pain 2020; 21:23. [PMID: 32122324 PMCID: PMC7053108 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-020-1084-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Migraine has many presumed comorbidities which have rarely been compared between samples with and without migraine. Examining the association between headache pain intensity and monthly headache day (MHD) frequency with migraine comorbidities is novel and adds to our understanding of migraine comorbidity. Methods The MAST Study is a prospective, web-based survey that identified US population samples of persons with migraine (using modified International Classification of Headache Disorders-3 beta criteria) and without migraine. Eligible migraine participants averaged ≥1 MHDs over the prior 3 months. Comorbidities “confirmed by a healthcare professional diagnosis” were endorsed by respondents from a list of 21 common cardiovascular, neurologic, psychiatric, sleep, respiratory, dermatologic, pain and medical comorbidities. Multivariable binary logistic regression calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals for each condition between the two groups adjusting for sociodemographics. Modeling within the migraine cohort assessed rates of conditions as a function of headache pain intensity, MHD frequency, and their combination. Results Analyses included 15,133 people with migraine (73.0% women, 77.7% White, mean age 43 years) and 77,453 controls (46.4% women, 76.8% White, mean age 52 years). People with migraine were significantly (P < 0.001) more likely to report insomnia (OR 3.79 [3.6, 4.0]), depression (OR 3.18 [3.0, 3.3]), anxiety (OR 3.18 [3.0 3.3]), gastric ulcers/GI bleeding (OR 3.11 [2.8, 3.5]), angina (OR 2.64 [2.4, 3.0]) and epilepsy (OR 2.33 [2.0, 2.8]), among other conditions. Increasing headache pain intensity was associated with comorbidities related to inflammation (psoriasis, allergy), psychiatric disorders (depression, anxiety) and sleep conditions (insomnia). Increasing MHD frequency was associated with increased risk for nearly all conditions and most prominent among those with comorbid gastric ulcers/GI bleeding, diabetes, anxiety, depression, insomnia, asthma and allergies/hay fever. Conclusions In regression models controlled for sociodemographic variables, all conditions studied were reported more often by those with migraine. Whether entered into the models separately or together, headache pain intensity and MHD frequency were associated with increased risk for many conditions. Future work is required to understand the causal sequence of relationships (direct causality, reverse causality, shared underlying predisposition), the potential confounding role of healthcare professional consultation and treatment, and potential detection bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn C Buse
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1250 Waters Place, 8th Floor, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| | - Michael L Reed
- Vedanta Research, 23 Tanyard Court, Chapel Hill, NC, 27517, USA
| | | | - Ryan Bostic
- Vedanta Research, 23 Tanyard Court, Chapel Hill, NC, 27517, USA
| | | | | | - Sagar Munjal
- Promius Pharma, 107 College Road East, Princeton, NJ, 08534, USA
| | - Preeti Singh
- Promius Pharma, 107 College Road East, Princeton, NJ, 08534, USA
| | - Richard B Lipton
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1250 Waters Place, 8th Floor, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.,Montefiore Medical Center, 1165 Morris Park Avenue, Rousso Building, Room 332, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
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Sui X, Massar K, Ruiter RAC, Reddy PS. Violence typologies and sociodemographic correlates in South African adolescents: a three-wave cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:221. [PMID: 32050945 PMCID: PMC7017509 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Violence victimisation and violence perpetration may co-occur in adolescents. Understanding the sociodemographic correlates of the independent and joint profiles of victimisation and perpetration may inform preventive interventions. This study examined the associations of sociodemographic factors with four violence typologies, namely, 1) non-involvement in both victimisation and perpetration, 2) victims only, 3) perpetrators only, and 4) victim-perpetrators. Trends in the prevalence of the four violence typologies over the three survey years were also examined. Methods We used data from the three nationally representative South African Youth Risk Behaviour Surveys conducted in 2002, 2008, and 2011 and included a multi-ethnic sample of adolescents (n = 30,007; boy: 46.9%, girls: 53.1%; M age = 16 years, SD = .06). Results The sample consisted of 8030 (30.8%) adolescents who had non-involvement in both victimisation and perpetration, 8217 were victims only (29.8%), 2504 were perpetrators only (9.0%), and 7776 were victim-perpetrators (24.6%). Logistic regression analyses showed that being a girl increased the odds of non-involvement (OR: 1.47, 99% CI: 1.36–1.58) and being victims only (OR: 1.90, 99% CI: 1.76–2.05). Being a boy increased the odds of being perpetrators only (OR: 0.42, 99% CI: 0.37–0.47) and victim-perpetrators (OR: 0.51, 99% CI: 0.47–0.55). Adolescents who did not have an absent mother had higher odds of non-involvement (OR: 0.78, 99% CI: 0.62–0.97). Lower monthly allowance increased the odds of victimisation only (OR: 0.99, 99% CI: 0.97–1.00), whereas higher monthly allowance increased the odds of perpetration only (OR: 1.05, 99% CI: 1.03–1.08). Trend analysis showed that between 2002 to 2011, there was an increase in the prevalence of non-involvement in adolescents (p < .001), a decrease in the prevalence of victims only (p < .05) and victim-perpetrators (p < .001), and no changes in the prevalence of perpetrators only (p > .05). Conclusions Sociodemographic factors are uniquely associated with different violence typologies suggesting the need for tailored interventions to target adolescents with differed risks to violence victimisation and perpetration. Strengthening family relations, particularly between mother and child, may protect adolescents from the experiences of victimisation and perpetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xincheng Sui
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Karlijn Massar
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert A C Ruiter
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Priscilla S Reddy
- Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town, 8001, South Africa.,Visiting Professor, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
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Skogen JC, Thørrisen MM, Olsen E, Hesse M, Aas RW. Evidence for essential unidimensionality of AUDIT and measurement invariance across gender, age and education. Results from the WIRUS study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 202:87-92. [PMID: 31325821 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Globally, alcohol use is among the most important risk factors related to burden of disease, and commonly emerges among the ten most important factors. Also, alcohol use disorders are major contributors to global burden of disease. Therefore, accurate measurement of alcohol use and alcohol-related problems is important in a public health perspective. The Alcohol Use Identification Test (AUDIT) is a widely used, brief ten-item screening instrument to detect alcohol use disorder. Despite this the factor structure and comparability across different (sub)-populations has yet to be determined. Our aim was to investigate the factor structure of the AUDIT-questionnaire and the viability of specific factors, as well as assessing measurement invariance across gender, age and educational level. METHODS We employed data (N = 4,318) from the ongoing screening study in the Norwegian national WIRUS project. We used Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to establish the factor structure of the AUDIT. Next, we investigated the viability of specific factors in a bi-factor model, and assessed measurement invariance of the preferred factor structure. RESULTS Our findings indicate the AUDIT is essentially unidimensional, and that comparisons can readily be done across gender, age and educational attainment. CONCLUSION We found support for a one-factor structure of AUDIT. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the viability of specific factors in a bi-factor model as well as evaluating measurement invariance across gender, age and educational attainment for the AUDIT questionnaire. Therefore, further studies are needed to replicate our findings related to essential unidimensionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Christoffer Skogen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway; Alcohol & Drug Research Western Norway, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.
| | - Mikkel Magnus Thørrisen
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Olsen
- UiS Business School, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Morten Hesse
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Randi Wågø Aas
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway; Department of Occupational Therapy, Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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Vrana-Diaz CJ, Korte JE, Gebregziabher M, Richey L, Selassie A, Sweat M, Gichangi A. Social and Demographic Predictors of Gender Inequality Among Heterosexual Couples Expecting a Child in Central Kenya. Glob Soc Welf 2019; 8:GSW-2019-001383. [PMID: 33399300 PMCID: PMC7734197 DOI: 10.1007/s40609-019-00138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Imbalance of power and equality in sexual relationships is linked to health in various ways, including (1) reduced ability to get information or take action, (2) increased violence between partners, and (3) influence on the reduced use of health services. While there has been research assessing multiple social and economic variables related to gender inequality, studies have used many different definitions of gender inequality, and there is a lack of this research within a pregnancy context. Here, we attempt to identify social and economic predictors of gender inequality (measured by decision-making power and acceptance of intimate partner violence) within heterosexual couples expecting a child in central Kenya. We ran a secondary data analysis using data from a three-arm individually randomized controlled HIV self-testing intervention trial conducted in 14 antenatal clinics in central and eastern Kenya among 1410 women and their male partners. The analysis included Cochran Mantel-Haenszel, logistic regression, proportional odds models, and generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) framework to account for site-level clustering. Overall, we show that there are significant social and economic variables associated with acceptance of intimate partner violence including higher age, being married, "other" religion, lower partner education, higher wealth status, and variables associated with decision-making power including lower partner education and lack of equality in earnings. This study contributes to the literature on the influence of social and economic factors on gender inequality, especially in Kenya which has a high burden of HIV/AIDS. Our results show some areas to improve these specific factors (including education and employment opportunities) or create interventions for targeted populations to potentially improve gender equality in heterosexual pregnant couples in Kenya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J. Vrana-Diaz
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Cannon Street, Suite 303, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Jeffrey E. Korte
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Cannon Street, Suite 303, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Mulugeta Gebregziabher
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Cannon Street, Suite 303, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Lauren Richey
- Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1542 Tulane Avenue, Suite 331, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Anbesaw Selassie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Cannon Street, Suite 303, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Michael Sweat
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 176 Croghan Spur Road, Suite 104, Charleston, SC 29407, USA
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Imran W, Abbas F, Javed SA. What is causing high polio vaccine dropout among Pakistani children? Public Health 2018; 164:16-25. [PMID: 30153528 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although the antipolio drive is undertaken across Pakistan, there are still children who have not received any oral polio vaccine or are unable to complete recommended doses of polio vaccine. This study aims at empirically analyzing the associated factors with the no oral polio vaccination (OPV) and OPV dropout groups of children in Pakistan. STUDY DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study. METHODS Data were obtained from the three waves of Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey of children aged between 12 and 23 months (1990-1991: n = 1214; 2006-2007: n = 1522; 2012-2013: n = 2074). Children who received no OPV and those who drop out of polio vaccination (OPV1-OPV3) were considered as outcome variables. The bivariate relationship of outcome variable with each socio-economic, demographic, and spatial variable is estimated with a P-value of <0.01. For both no OPV and OPV dropout children, we used logistic regression analysis separately. RESULTS The percentage of children aged 12-23 months who dropped out of OPV1-OPV3 vaccination was about 76% in the year 1990-1991; 21% in 2006-2007, and 17.5% in 2012-2013 at the national level. Among all indicators, provinces, rural versus urban residence, the mother's age at marriage, the child's birth place (home versus hospital), parental education, and household wealth status are significant predictors of no OPV and/or OPV dropout in Pakistan. Among provinces, Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), and Sindh are the lagging provinces. CONCLUSION Improving the socio-economic status of women helps decrease the chance of polio dropout and thus improves service delivery and program implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Imran
- Idara-e-Talim-o-Aghai (ITA), Center for Education and Consciousness, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - F Abbas
- Courant Research Center, "Poverty, Equity and Growth in Developing and Transition Countries", Department of Economics, George August University, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - S A Javed
- Head Policy Solution Lab, Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI), Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Bringolf-Isler B, Schindler C, Kayser B, Suggs LS, Probst-Hensch N; SOPHYA Study Group. Objectively measured physical activity in population-representative parent-child pairs: parental modelling matters and is context-specific. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1024. [PMID: 30119661 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5949-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence for the context-specific influence of parental modelling on physical activity (PA) in childhood remains inconclusive. This nationwide Swiss study assessed the cross-sectional association between objectively measured PA of parents and their children and whether it varied across different levels of sociodemographic and environmental factors. In a second step a structural equation-model (SEM) was used to assess, whether associations between children’s PA and sociodemographic and environmental factors are mediated by the parental PA behaviour. Methods The population-based sample of the SOPHYA-study consisted of 889 children aged 6 to 16 years living in Switzerland and 1059 parents. PA was measured using accelerometers. Information on sociodemographics, sports behaviour, family characteristics, and perceived environment was obtained by telephone interview and parental questionnaire. Objective environmental data was allocated to each family’s residential address using GIS (geographic information system). A structural equation model tested these factors for both independent associations with children’s PA and associations mediated through the parental PA behaviour. Results Parental moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was associated with MVPA of their children in general (p < 0.001). Correlations between parents’ and children’s MVPA were stronger for children aged 10–12 years and for those living in the Italian speaking part of Switzerland. An increase of 1 min of mother’s and of father’s MVPA was associated with 0.24 and 0.21 min more MVPA in children, respectively. Father’s PA was associated with that of their sons, but not with that of their daughters, whereas the association of mothers’ and children’s PA did not depend on the parent-offspring sex-match. The pathway analysis in our structural equation model showed direct effects on children’s MVPA as well as indirect effects mediated by the parental PA behaviour. Conclusions Parental modelling seems relevant for children’s PA, but not to the same degree in all children. Interventions focusing on strengthening parental PA behaviour for the promotion of PA in the young must consider additional contextual factors related to the socio-cultural and structural environment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-5949-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Kloning T, Nowotny T, Alberer M, Hoelscher M, Hoffmann A, Froeschl G. Morbidity profile and sociodemographic characteristics of unaccompanied refugee minors seen by paediatric practices between October 2014 and February 2016 in Bavaria, Germany. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:983. [PMID: 30086731 PMCID: PMC6081864 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5878-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the morbidity profile and the sociodemographic characteristics of unaccompanied refugee minors (URM) arriving in the region of Bavaria, Germany, between October 2014 and February 2016. Methods The retrospective cross sectional study included 154 unaccompanied refugee minors between 10 and 18 years of age. The data was derived from medical data records of their routine first medical examination in two paediatric practices and one collective housing for refugees in the region of Bavaria, Germany. Results Only 12.3% of all participants had no clinical finding at arrival. Main health findings were skin diseases (31.8%) and mental disorders (25%). In this cohort the hepatitis A immunity was 92.8%, but only 34.5% showed a constellation of immunity against hepatitis B. Suspect cases for tuberculosis were found in 5.8% of the URM. There were no HIV positive individuals in the cohort. Notably, 2 females were found to have undergone genital mutilations. Conclusions The majority of arriving URM appear to have immediate health care needs, whereas the pathologies involved are mostly common entities that are generally known to the primary health care system in Germany. Outbreaks due to hepatitis A virus are unlikely since herd immunity can be assumed, while this population would benefit from hepatitis B vaccination due to low immunity and high risk of infection in crowded housing conditions. One key finding is the absence of common algorithms and guidelines in health care provision to URM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Kloning
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland. .,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Nowotny
- Privatärztliche Kinder- und Jugendarztpraxis, Stephanskirchen, Germany
| | - Martin Alberer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Centre of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Hoelscher
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Centre of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Axel Hoffmann
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guenter Froeschl
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Centre of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
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Washington DM, Curtis LM, Waite K, Wolf MS, Paasche-Orlow MK. Sociodemographic Factors Mediate Race and Ethnicity-associated Childhood Asthma Health Disparities: a Longitudinal Analysis. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2017; 5:928-938. [PMID: 29188553 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-017-0441-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Race and ethnicity-based disparities in childhood asthma are well established. We characterized the longitudinal effects associated with being African-American/Black or Hispanic/Latino on a range of asthma outcomes, and the extent to which sociodemographic factors, caregiver health literacy, education level, and asthma knowledge mediate these associations. METHODS Children ages 8-15 and their caregivers (n = 544) in the Chicago Initiative to Raise Asthma Health Equity (CHIRAH) cohort completed interviews every 3 months for 1.5 years. Health literacy was measured with the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM). Other covariates include sex, age, education level, income, smoke exposure, asthma duration, employment status, and insurance status. We conducted a series of models to evaluate these factors as mediators of the relationship between race/ethnicity and (1) asthma knowledge, (2) asthma-related quality of life, (3) asthma severity, and (4) asthma control based on NAEPP/EPR-3 2007 guidelines. RESULTS African-American race and Hispanic/Latino ethnicity were significantly associated with all outcomes when compared to Whites. Adjusting for sociodemographic factors resulted in the most significant mediation of racial/ethnic disparities in all outcomes. Health literacy was a partial mediator of race/ethnic disparities in asthma knowledge and asthma-related quality of life. Asthma knowledge remained significantly associated with race and ethnicity, and race remained associated with asthma-related quality of life. CONCLUSIONS African-American race and Hispanic/Latino ethnicity are significantly associated with worse asthma compared to Whites in longitudinal analyses. Sociodemographic factors are potent mediators of these disparities, and should be considered when designing interventions to reduce asthma disparities. Health literacy and education level are partial mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Washington
- Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA. .,Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Texas Gulf Coast Medical Systems, 250 Blossom Street, Suite 400, Webster, TX, 77598, USA.
| | - Laura M Curtis
- Northwestern University: Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Michael S Wolf
- Northwestern University: Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Lee-Kwan SH, Pan L, Maynard LM, McGuire LC, Park S. Factors Associated with Self-Reported Menu-Labeling Usage among US Adults. J Acad Nutr Diet 2016; 116:1127-35. [PMID: 26875022 PMCID: PMC5678954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menu labeling can help people select foods and beverages with fewer calories and is a potential population-based strategy to reduce obesity and diet-related chronic diseases in the United States. OBJECTIVE The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the prevalence of menu-labeling use among adults and its association with sociodemographic, behavioral, and policy factors. METHODS The 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from 17 states, which included 100,141 adults who noticed menu labeling at fast-food or chain restaurants ("When calorie information is available in the restaurant, how often does this information help you decide what to order?") were used. Menu-labeling use was categorized as frequent (always/most of the time), moderate (half the time/sometimes), and never. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine associations among sociodemographic, behavioral, and policy factors with menu-labeling use. RESULTS Overall, of adults who noticed menu labeling, 25.6% reported frequent use of menu labeling, 31.6% reported moderate use, and 42.7% reported that they never use menu labeling. Compared with never users, frequent users were significantly more likely to be younger, female, nonwhite, more educated, high-income, adults who were overweight or obese, physically active, former- or never-smokers, less than daily (<1 time/day) consumers of sugar-sweetened beverage, and living in states where menu-labeling legislation was enacted or proposed. CONCLUSIONS Menu labeling is one method that consumers can use to help reduce their calorie consumption from restaurants. These findings can be used to develop targeted interventions to increase menu-labeling use among subpopulations with lower use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hee Lee-Kwan
- Epidemic Intelligence Service Officer, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC. 4770 Buford Hwy, MS F-79, Atlanta, GA 30341, Phone number: 770-488-6020
| | - Liping Pan
- Epidemiologist, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC. 4770 Buford Hwy, MS F-79, Atlanta, GA 30341, 770-488-8001
| | - Leah M. Maynard
- Epidemiologist, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC. 4770 Buford Hwy, MS F-77, Atlanta, GA 30341, 770-488-5393
| | - Lisa C. McGuire
- Epidemiology and Surveillance Team Lead, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC. 4770 Buford Hwy, MS F-77, Atlanta, GA 30341, Phone number: 770-488-1478
| | - Sohyun Park
- Epidemiologist, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC. 4770 Buford Hwy, MS F-79, Atlanta, GA 30341, Phone number: 770-488-5163
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Reid R, Steel A, Wardle J, Trubody A, Adams J. Complementary medicine use by the Australian population: a critical mixed studies systematic review of utilisation, perceptions and factors associated with use. BMC Complement Altern Med 2016; 16:176. [PMID: 27289517 PMCID: PMC4902999 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence that complementary medicine (CM) services are being used by a substantial proportion of the Australian population and this topic has attracted keen interest from primary health care providers and policy makers. This article outlines the first summative critical review of the predictors of CM use in Australia as well as the characteristics and perceptions of Australian CM users over the last 14 years. METHODS A literature search was conducted to ascertain original research from 2000 to 2014 in the AMED; CINAHL; and PubMed databases. Selected articles were subject to a critical appraisal analysis to identify the quality of the article. The search was confined to peer reviewed original articles published in English which identified the nature of CM services use in Australia. RESULTS The findings indicate a correlation between CM users and gender, with reports of a higher rate of use from females compared to males. Female CM users are more likely to be middle-aged with a higher education and higher annual income in comparison to female non-CM users. An association between resident location and use of CM disciplines was also identified with reports of rural residents utilising manual therapies more frequently compared to urban residents. CM users are more likely to seek CM services for a range of chronic conditions including diseases identified as National Health Priority Areas by the Australian Government. CONCLUSIONS This article provides the first comprehensive review examining the nature of CM use in Australia. The review findings offer important insights into the characteristics and features of CM use in Australia and provide insights for national and regional primary health care initiatives and of interest to medical doctors, allied health professionals, CM practitioners, researchers and policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Reid
- Endeavour College of Natural Health, 269 Wickham St, Fortitude Valley, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Amie Steel
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
- Endeavour College of Natural Health, 269 Wickham St, Fortitude Valley, QLD, 4006, Australia.
| | - Jon Wardle
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Andrea Trubody
- Endeavour College of Natural Health, 269 Wickham St, Fortitude Valley, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Jon Adams
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
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Palamar JJ, Acosta P. Synthetic cannabinoid use in a nationally representative sample of US high school seniors. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 149:194-202. [PMID: 25736618 PMCID: PMC4361370 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synthetic cannabinoids are marketed as "legal highs" and have similar effects to cannabis (marijuana). Although prevalence of synthetic cannabinoid use is now declining in the US, use has been associated with tens of thousands of poisonings and hospitalizations, particularly among teens. It is important to examine which teens are at highest risk for use of these new, potentially deleterious drugs as they are understudied and continue to emerge. METHODS Data were analyzed from a nationally representative sample of high school seniors in the Monitoring the Future study (2011-2013; Weighted N = 11,863; modal age: 18). Bivariable and multivariable models were used to delineate correlates of recent (12-month) synthetic cannabinoid use. RESULTS Ten percent reported any recent use and 3% reported more frequent use (used ≥ 6 times). Females were at low odds for use and going out 4-7 evenings per week for fun consistently increased odds of use. Black and religious students were at low odds of use until controlling for other drug use, and higher income increased odds of use until controlling for other drug use. Lifetime use of alcohol, cigarettes and other illicit drugs all robustly increased odds of use, but frequency of lifetime marijuana use was the strongest correlate with more frequent use further increasing odds of synthetic cannabinoid use. Only 0.5% of non-marijuana users reported use of synthetic cannabinoids. CONCLUSIONS This is among the first national studies to delineate correlates of synthetic cannabinoid use. Results can inform national and local efforts to prevent use and adverse consequences resulting from use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J. Palamar
- Department of Population Health, New York University (NYU) Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA,Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, NYU College of Nursing, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patricia Acosta
- Department of Population Health, New York University (NYU) Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Calhoun SL, Fernandez-Mendoza J, Vgontzas AN, Liao D, Bixler EO. Prevalence of insomnia symptoms in a general population sample of young children and preadolescents: gender effects. Sleep Med 2013; 15:91-5. [PMID: 24333223 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2013.08.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our population-based study examined the prevalence of insomnia symptoms and its sociodemographic, subjective, and polysomnographic (PSG) sleep risk factors in young and preadolescent children. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study of 700 children, ages 5-12 years who underwent a 9-h PSG and parent-completed sleep and development questionnaires (Penn State Child Cohort). Insomnia symptoms were defined as parent report of difficulty falling or staying asleep and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) as an apnea hypopnea index of ≥1. RESULTS The prevalence of insomnia symptoms was 19.3% and did not significantly change (20.2%) when children with SDB were excluded. A significant interaction between gender and age revealed that the prevalence of insomnia symptoms was highest in girls ages 11 to 12 years (30.6%). This gender difference was not associated with significant differences between girls and boys ages 11-12 years in anxiety and depressive symptoms. In contrast girls ages 11-12 years with insomnia symptoms, but not boys of the same group, demonstrated clinically significant PSG sleep disturbances compared to those without insomnia symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that one out of five young children and preadolescents of the general population have insomnia symptoms. Importantly, the prevalence of insomnia symptoms peaks in girls ages 11 to 12 years and is associated with objective sleep disturbances which may be related to hormonal changes associated with the onset of puberty rather than anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Calhoun
- Sleep Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.
| | - Julio Fernandez-Mendoza
- Sleep Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Alexandros N Vgontzas
- Sleep Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Duanping Liao
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Edward O Bixler
- Sleep Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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Storholm ED, Siconolfi DE, Halkitis PN, Moeller RW, Eddy JA, Bare MG. Sociodemographic Factors Contribute to Mental Health Disparities and Access to Services Among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men in New York City. J Gay Lesbian Ment Health 2013; 17:10.1080/19359705.2012.763080. [PMID: 24224066 PMCID: PMC3819040 DOI: 10.1080/19359705.2012.763080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Young men who have sex with men (YMSM) may be at increased risk for mental health problems including depression, post-traumatic stress (PTSD), and suicidality. The overriding goal of the current investigation was to examine mental health and mental health services in a diverse sample of YMSM. We analyzed cross-sectional data from a cohort study of 598 YMSM, including sociodemographics, mental health, and mental health care. We then tested for bivariate associations, and used multivariable modeling to predict depression, PTSD, suicidality and mental health care utilization. Lower socioeconomic status, unstable housing, and school non-enrollment predicted depression and PTSD scores, while unstable housing and school non-enrollment predicted recent suicide attempt(s). These recent suicide attempt(s) also predicted current utilization of counseling or treatment, any history of psychiatric hospitalization, and any history of psychiatric diagnosis. Black and API men were less likely to have ever accessed mental health counseling or treatment. There were significant class-based differences with regard to mental health outcomes, but not mental health services. Further, recent crises (i.e., suicide attempt, hospitalization) were strong predictors of accessing mental health services. Improving the mental health of YMSM requires addressing the underlying structural factors that influence mental health outcomes and service access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik David Storholm
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior & Prevention Studies (CHIBPS), Steinhardt School of Culture, Education & Human Development, New York University
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Moshkowitz M, Horowitz N, Halpern Z, Santo E. Gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms: Prevalence, sociodemographics and treatment patterns in the adult Israeli population. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:1332-5. [PMID: 21455333 PMCID: PMC3068269 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i10.1332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the prevalence and sociodemographics of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms and to identify treatment patterns among GERD patients.
METHODS: A telephone survey of a representative sample of the adult Israeli population was conducted. The questionnaire included detailed sociodemographics, history of GERD symptoms and the various treatments used.
RESULTS: The survey included 2027 subjects. Twice weekly, once weekly and monthly GERD symptoms were reported by 8.4%, 12.5% and 21.5% of subjects, respectively. There was no difference in prevalence between men and woman; however, GERD symptoms were significantly more prevalent within the older age group and lower socioeconomic status. Among those reporting weekly symptoms, a quarter did not use any kind of therapy and another quarter used various traditional remedies (e.g. soda, milk, almonds, etc.). Antacids were used by 35.1%, H2 blockers by 13.2% and PPIs by 17.5%.
CONCLUSION: We found that 12.5% of the adult Israeli population experience weekly GERD symptoms. GERD prevalence and sociodemographics are similar to those described in other Western countries, and treatment is still suboptimal.
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