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Chen H, Yue H, Yan Y, Wu N, Wu D, Sun P, Hu W, Yang Z. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of tanshinone IIA derivatives as NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 104:129725. [PMID: 38555073 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Natural product structures have long provided valuable pharmacophores and even candidates for drug discovery. Tanshinone scaffold showed moderately inhibitory activity in NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β pathway. Herein, we designed a series of derivatives on different regions of Tanshinone IIA (TNA) scaffold. The biological evaluation identified compound T10, a scaffold hybrid of TNA and salicylic acid, as a potent NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor. Mechanistically, T10 inhibits the production of ROS and prevents NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent IL-1β production. In addition, treatment with T10 significantly attenuated inflammatory response in DSS-induced peritonitis. Our work describes a potential tanshinone-based derivative, which needs to be further structurally optimized as NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors for treating inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Hu Yue
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Yuyun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Nannan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524045, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Ping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China.
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China.
| | - Zhongjin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China.
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Huang J, Zhang J, Sun C, Yang R, Sheng M, Hu J, Kai G, Han B. Adjuvant role of Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge in cancer chemotherapy: A review of its bioactive components, health-promotion effect and mechanisms. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 318:117022. [PMID: 37572929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chemotherapy is a common cancer treatment strategy. However, its effectiveness is constrained by toxicity and adverse effects. The Lamiaceae herb Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge has a long history of therapeutic use in the treatment of blood stasis illnesses, which are believed by traditional Chinese medicine to be connected to cancer. AIM OF THE STUDY This review summarized the common toxicity of chemotherapy and the potential chemo-adjuvant effect and mechanisms of active ingredients from S. miltiorrhiza, hoping to provide valuable information for the development and application of S. miltiorrhiza resources. MATERIALS AND METHODS The literatures were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Baidu Scholar and Google Scholar databases from 2002 to 2022. The inclusion criteria were studies reporting that S. miltiorrhiza or its constituents enhanced the efficiency of chemotherapy drugs or reduced the side effects. RESULTS Salvianolic acid A, salvianolic acid B, salvianolic acid C, rosmarinic acid, tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, cryptotanshinone, dihydrotanshinone I and miltirone are the primary adjuvant chemotherapy components of S. miltiorrhiza. The mechanisms mainly involve inhibiting proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis, inducing apoptosis, regulating autophagy and tumor microenvironment. In addition, they also improve chemotherapy drug-induced side effects. CONCLUSIONS The bioactive compounds of S. miltiorrhiza are shown to inhibit proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis, induce apoptosis and autophagy, regulate immunity and tumor microenvironment when combined with chemotherapy drugs. However, further clinical studies are required to validate the current studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Huang
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Science, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Chengtao Sun
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Ruiwen Yang
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Science, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Miaomiao Sheng
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Science, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Jiangning Hu
- Zhejiang Conba Pharmaceutical Limited Company, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Technology, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Science, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Bing Han
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Science, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; Zhejiang Conba Pharmaceutical Limited Company, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Technology, Hangzhou, 310052, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Ren L, Luo L, Hu Z, Ma Y, Wang J, Cheng Y, Jin B, Chen T, Tang J, Cui G, Guo J, Huang L. Functional characterization of CYP81C16 involved in the tanshinone biosynthetic pathway in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:938-949. [PMID: 38143107 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60484-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Danshen, the dried roots and rhizomes of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (S. miltiorrhiza), is widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Tanshinones, the bioactive compounds from Danshen, exhibit a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties, suggesting their potential for future therapeutic applications. Tanshinone biosynthesis is a complex process involving at least six P450 enzymes that have been identified and characterized, most of which belong to the CYP76 and CYP71 families. In this study, CYP81C16, a member of the CYP71 clan, was identified in S. miltiorrhiza. An in vitro assay revealed that it could catalyze the hydroxylation of four para-quinone-type tanshinones, namely neocryptotanshinone, deoxyneocryptotanshinone, and danshenxinkuns A and B. SmCYP81C16 emerged as a potential broad-spectrum oxidase targeting the C-18 position of para-quinone-type tanshinones with an impressive relative conversion rate exceeding 90%. Kinetic evaluations andin vivo assays underscored its highest affinity towards neocryptotanshinone among the tested substrates. The overexpression of SmCYP81C16 promoted the accumulation of (iso)tanshinone in hairy root lines. The characterization of SmCYP81C16 in this study accentuates its potential as a pivotal tool in the biotechnological production of tanshinones, either through microbial or plant metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Linglong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Zhimin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Ying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Yatian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Baolong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Tong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Jinfu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Guanghong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China.
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Bai Y, Zhou Y, Lei Q, Wang Y, Pu G, Liu Z, Chen X, Liu Q. Analysis of the HD-Zip I transcription factor family in Salvia miltiorrhiza and functional research of SmHD-Zip12 in tanshinone synthesis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15510. [PMID: 37397009 PMCID: PMC10312201 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The homeodomain-leucine zipper I (HD-Zip I) transcription factor is a plant-specific protein that plays an essential role in the abiotic stress response of plants. Research on the HD-Zip I family in Salvia miltiorrhiza is still lacking. Methods and Results In this study, a total of 25 SmHD-Zip I proteins were identified. Their characterizations, phylogenetic relationships, conserved motifs, gene structures, and cis-elements were analyzed comprehensively using bioinformatics methods. Expression profiling revealed that SmHD-Zip I genes exhibited distinctive tissue-specific patterns and divergent responses to ABA, PEG, and NaCl stresses. SmHD-Zip12 responded the most strongly to ABA, PEG, and NaCl, so it was used for transgenic experiments. The overexpression of SmHD-Zip12 significantly increased the content of cryptotanshinone, dihydrotanshinone I, tanshinone I, and tanshinone IIA by 2.89-fold, 1.85-fold, 2.14-fold, and 8.91-fold compared to the wild type, respectively. Moreover, in the tanshinone biosynthetic pathways, the overexpression of SmHD-Zip12 up-regulated the expression levels of SmAACT, SmDXS, SmIDS, SmGGPPS, SmCPS1, SmCPS2, SmCYP76AH1, SmCYP76AH3, and SmCYP76AK1 compared with the wild type. Conclusions This study provides information the possible functions of the HD-Zip I family and lays a theoretical foundation for clarifying the functional mechanism of the SmHD-Zip12 gene in regulating the synthesis of tanshinone in S. miltiorrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Bai
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiaoqi Lei
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Gaobin Pu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- LiShizhen College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, Hubei, China
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Jiang JS, Gu QC, Feng ZM, Yuan X, Zhang X, Zhang PC, Yang YN. The tanshinones from the plant of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Phytochemistry 2023; 210:113673. [PMID: 37030588 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Six undescribed tanshinones, (+)-2-Cl-tanshindiol C (1), (-)-2-Cl-tanshindiol C (2), (+)-tanshinoic acid D (3), (-)-tanshinoic acid D (4), (-)-tanshinoic acid E (5), and (+)-tanshinoic acid E (6), were isolated from the rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Their structures were elucidated based on the spectroscopic data (UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, and NMR). The bioactive assays of all these compounds for the antioxidant activities in cardiomyocytes upon hypoxia stimulation were evaluated. The results suggested that compounds 5 and 6 exhibited good antioxidant activities in cardiomyocytes and the cell survival rates were 46.3% and 57.9% (10-5 mol/L), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Shuang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Quan-Chang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zi-Ming Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Pei-Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Ya-Nan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Yang N, Zhang L, Tian D, Wang P, Men K, Ge Y, Zhang C. Tanshinone increases Hemopexin expression in lung cells and macrophages to protect against cigarette smoke-induced COPD and enhance antiviral responses. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:645-665. [PMID: 36218263 PMCID: PMC9980497 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2129933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disease, while respiratory infections can elicit exacerbations in COPD patients to mediate increased mortality. Administration of Tanshinones (TS) derivatives has been demonstrated to protect against cigarette smoking (CS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced COPD progression. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and the roles of TS in mitigating the severity of viral-mediated exacerbations of COPD have not been elucidated. Here, we found that TS treatments significantly attenuated lung function decline, inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in CS and LPS-induced COPD mice. Subsequent RNA-seq analysis revealed significantly upregulated Hemopexin expression and enriched interferons (IFNs) signaling pathways in lung tissues of COPD mice upon TS treatments. Moreover, TS administration demonstrated Hemopexin-dependent beneficial roles in BEAS-2B lung cells and RAW264.7 macrophages, which was associated with the suppression of oxidative stress and ERK, NF-κB, and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways-mediated inflammation. Furthermore, TS promoted IFN signaling and rescued impaired antiviral responses in CS and LPS-exposed lung cells that were infected by influenza virus. Notably, hemopexin over-expression in lung cells and macrophages recapitulated the pharmacological activities of TS. Taken together, these results indicate that TS administration is a promising and potential therapeutic strategy for treating COPD and preventing COPD exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- Department of Respiratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Dongdong Tian
- Department of Respiratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Respiratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Kai Men
- Department of Respiratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yiliang Ge
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hunan
| | - Cailian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Yan J, Guo J, Wang Y, Xing X, Zhang X, Zhang G, Dong Z. Acute myocardial infarction therapy using calycosin and tanshinone co-loaded mitochondria targeted lipid-polymer hybrid nano-system: Preparation, characterization, and anti myocardial infarction activity assessment. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113650. [PMID: 36130421 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the most common ischemic heart diseases. However, lack of sufficient drug concentrations in the ischemic heart may led to treatment failure. It is urgent for researchers to engineer novel drug delivery systems to enhance the targeted delivery of cardioprotective agents. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-AMI ability of calycosin (CAL) and tanshinone (TAN) co-loaded mitochondria targeted lipid-polymer hybrid nano-system. METHODS CAL and TAN combined lipid-polymer hybrid nano-systems were prepared and MTP-131 was conjugated with PEG and modified onto the nanoparticles to achieve MTP-CAL/TAN NS. The physicochemical properties of nano-systems were characterized, the AMI therapy ability of the systems was investigated in AMI rats' model. RESULTS The size of MTP-CAL/TAN NS was 168.7 ± 5.1 nm, with a surface charge of - 21.3 ± 2.3 mV. The area under the curve (AUC) and blood circulation half-life (T1/2) of MTP-CAL/TAN NS was 178.86 ± 6.62 μg·min/mL and 0.47 h, respectively. MTP-CAL/TAN NS exhibited the most significant infarct size reduction effect of 23.9 %. CONCLUSION MTP-CAL/TAN NS exhibited the highest heart accumulation and best infarct size reduction effect, which could be used as a promising system for efficient treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieke Yan
- Department of Renal Transplantation, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250033 Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Gynaecology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250033 Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Yuzhen Wang
- Clinical Department, Jinan Vocation College of Nursing, Ji'nan, 250033 Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Xing
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250033 Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Xuguang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250033 Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Guanghao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250033 Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Zhaoqiang Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250033 Shandong Province, PR China.
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Gao X, Li X, Chen C, Wang C, Fu Y, Zheng Z, Shi M, Hao X, Zhao L, Qiu M, Kai G, Zhou W. Mining of the CULLIN E3 ubiquitin ligase genes in the whole genome of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:1760-1768. [PMID: 36268136 PMCID: PMC9576582 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CULLIN (CUL) proteins are E3 ubiquitin ligases that are involved in a wide variety of biological processes as well as in response to stress in plants. In Salvia miltiorrhiza, CUL genes have not been characterized and its role in plant development, stress response and secondary metabolite synthesis have not been studied. In this study, genome-wide analyses were performed to identify and to predict the structure and function of CUL of S. miltiorrhiza. Eight CUL genes were identified from the genome of S. miltiorrhiza. The CUL genes were clustered into four subgroups according to phylogenetic relationships. The CUL domain was highly conserved across the family of CUL genes. Analysis of cis-acting elements suggested that CUL genes might play important roles in a variety of biological processes, including abscission reaction acid (ABA) processing. To investigate this hypothesis, we treated hairy roots of S. miltiorrhiza with ABA. The expression of CUL genes varied obviously after ABA treatment. Co-expression network results indicated that three CUL genes might be involved in the biosynthesis of phenolic acid or tanshinone. In summary, the mining of the CUL genes in the whole genome of S. miltiorrhiza contribute novel information to the understanding of the CUL genes and its functional roles in plant secondary metabolites, growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiankui Gao
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, PR China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, PR China
| | - Chengan Chen
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, PR China
| | - Can Wang
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, PR China
| | - Yuqi Fu
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, PR China
| | - ZiZhen Zheng
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, PR China
| | - Min Shi
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Hao
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, PR China
| | - Limei Zhao
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, PR China
| | - Minghua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, PR China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, PR China,Corresponding author. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Gaoke Road, Fuyang district, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, PR China.
| | - Wei Zhou
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, PR China,Corresponding author. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Gaoke Road, Fuyang district, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, PR China.
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Ma L, Zhao Z, Guo X, Li J, Xu L, Mei W, Dong G, Zhong Z, Yang Z. Tanshinone IIA and its derivative activate thermogenesis in adipocytes and induce "beiging" of white adipose tissue. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 544:111557. [PMID: 35032625 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA (TAN2A) is a major active ingredient of Salvia miltiorrhiza used in traditional Chinese medicine and tanshinone 20 (TAN20) is a derivative of TAN2A. In this study, we examined the effects of TAN2A and TAN20 on adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, and thermogenesis. Our experiments showed that both TAN2A and TAN20 increased mitochondria content in adipose tissue, enhanced energy expenditure, reduced body weight, and improved insulin sensitivity and metabolic homeostasis in obese and diabetic mouse models. We demonstrated that TAN20 can facilitate the transformation from white to beige adipose tissue, as well as activate brown adipose tissue. In uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) knockout mouse model, the effects of TAN2A and TAN20 on body weight and glucose tolerance were not observed, suggesting that such effects were UCP1 dependent. Furthermore, we found that TAN2A and TAN20 increased the expression of UCP1 and other thermogenic genes in adipocytes through AMPK-PGC-1α signaling pathway. Our findings indicate that TAN2A and its derivative TAN20 are potential interesting energy expenditure regulators and may be implicated in treatment of obesity and other metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Zewei Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Xuemin Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translation Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, 514000, Guangdong Province, China; Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, 514000, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Jin Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Lin Xu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Wenjie Mei
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Geng Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China; Medical Informatics Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
| | - Zhixiong Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translation Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, 514000, Guangdong Province, China; Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, 514000, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Zhonghan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong Province, China.
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10
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Chen H, Chen J, Qi Y, Chu S, Ma Y, Xu L, Lv S, Zhang H, Yang D, Zhu Y, Mans DR, Liang Z. Endophytic fungus Cladosporium tenuissimum DF11, an efficient inducer of tanshinone biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza roots. Phytochemistry 2022; 194:113021. [PMID: 34826795 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.113021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza is a traditional medicinal plant mainly used for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease treatment. Tanshinones are the main bioactive constituents of S. miltiorrhiza, which mainly accumulate around its root periderm tissue. Endophytic fungi are important bioelicitors or probiotics that can promote the accumulation of secondary metabolites and sustainable cultivation of medicinal plants. Among them, endophytic Cladosporium spp., possessing a variety of biotransformation and metabolic abilities, is an ideal elicitor source. Here, we used a gnotobiotic system to investigate the effects of the endophytic fungus Cladosporium tenuissimum DF11 on tanshinone biosynthesis in S. miltiorrhiza roots. The results showed that C. tenuissimum DF11 mainly colonizes the intercellular space of the root tissues and promotes tanshinone biosynthesis and accumulation in S. miltiorrhiza roots by upregulating the expression of the genes encoding for key enzymes HMGR, DXS, DXR, GGPPS, CPS, KSL and CYP76AH1 of the tanshinone biosynthesis pathway. The expression levels of almost all genes encoding for key enzymes reached the response peak in the first or second week after DF11 colonization. Taken together, the endophytic fungus C. tenuissimum DF11 could promote secondary metabolite accumulation in S. miltiorrhiza roots. These results indicate that DF11 will be a potential biofertilizer fungus to regulate and stabilize the quality of cultivated S. miltiorrhiza medicinal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jialing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao Qi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siyuan Chu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linna Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiyi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yonghong Zhu
- Tianjin Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Dennis Ra Mans
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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11
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Zhang H, Xu J, Chen H, Jin W, Liang Z. Characterization of NAC family genes in Salvia miltiorrhiza and NAC2 potentially involved in the biosynthesis of tanshinones. Phytochemistry 2021; 191:112932. [PMID: 34454170 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The NAC (NAM, ATAF, and CUC) family members are specific transcription factors in plants. The large family is involved in many plant growth and developmental processes, as well as in abiotic/biotic stress responses. It has been well studied in the genomes of various plants, including Arabidopsis thaliana, tomato, and quinoa. However, identification and functional studies of NAC family members in medicinal Salvia miltiorrhiza are limited. Here, we systematically identified 84 NAC genes and named them according to their gene IDs in the recently sequenced genome. The phylogeny of NAC family protein sequences was analyzed using bioinformatics methods, which divided them into nine subfamilies. Then, their chromosomal locations, gene structures and conserved domains were analyzed comprehensively. To further investigate the regulatory functions of NACs in S. miltiorrhiza, we analyzed the response of 10 selected NAC genes to methyl jasmonate and used NAC2 for transgenic experiments. The overexpression of Sm-NAC2 decreased the tanshinone I and IIA contents by 56% and 62%, respectively. However, Sm-NAC2-RNAi promoted the accumulation of four tanshinones, tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, cryptotanshinone, and dihydrotanshinone I, which increased 3.68-, 4.1-, 3.13- and 5.9- fold, respectively, compared with wild type. In the tanshinone biosynthetic pathways, the overexpression of Sm-NAC2 down-regulated CYP76AH1, and the silencing of Sm-NAC2 up-regulated the expression levels of HMGR1, DXS2, KSL2, and CYP76AH1. This study provides information on the evolution of Sm-NAC genes and their possible functions, and it lays a foundation for further research into the NAC family-associated regulation of tanshinone biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jinfeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Haimin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Weibo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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12
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Yu W, Yu Y, Wang C, Zhang Z, Xue Z. Mechanism by which salt stress induces physiological responses and regulates tanshinone synthesis. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 164:10-20. [PMID: 33933946 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with tanshinone as one of the main bioactive components and has antitumor, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory properties, as well as other physiological functions. Tanshinone, as a secondary metabolite, is synthesized under salt stress or other environmental stresses. Oxidative stress is an important physiological response of plants to salt stress. Transcription factors (TFs) are believed to play regulatory roles in this process, and AP2/ERF TFs have significant effects on defense against the adversity of plants. However, investigations on the regulation of AP2/ERF TFs in tanshinone synthesis under salt stress are limited. In this research, the tanshinone content, related gene expression and activities of enzymes, and the markers of oxidative stress were determined. The results showed that SmAP1, SmAP2 and SmERF2 were AP2/ERF TFs with AP conserved sequences, whose relative expression levels increased and were positively correlated with the contents of tanshinone I (T-I), tanshinone IIA (T-IIA) and cryptotanshinone (CT) in the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) increased in the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza. The expression levels of genes encoding enzymes and the activities of key enzymes in the tanshinone biosynthesis pathway increased accordingly. The results showed that AP2/ERF TFs could positively regulate the biosynthesis of tanshinone in the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wancong Yu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 300384, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Food Science, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Ceng Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 300384, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Preservation of Agricultural Products, Key Laboratory of Storage of Agricultural Product,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Postharvest Physiology and Storage of Agricultural Products, 300384, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zhaohui Xue
- Department of Food Science, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China.
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13
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Lai Z, He J, Zhou C, Zhao H, Cui S. Tanshinones: An Update in the Medicinal Chemistry in Recent 5 Years. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2807-2827. [PMID: 32436817 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200521124850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tanshinones are an important type of natural products isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge with various bioactivities. Tanshinone IIa, cryptotanshinone and tanshinone I are three kinds of tanshinones which have been widely investigated. Particularly, sodium tanshinone IIa sulfonate is a water-soluble derivative of tanshinone IIa and it is used in clinical in China for treating cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, there are increasing interests in the investigation of tanshinones derivatives in various diseases. This article presents a review of the anti-atherosclerotic effects, cardioprotective effects, anticancer activities, antibacterial activities and antiviral activities of tanshinones and structural modification work in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhencheng Lai
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jixiao He
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changxin Zhou
- Institute of Modern Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huajun Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sunliang Cui
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Wang T, Wang Q, Guo Q, Li P, Yang H. A hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents-based integrated method for efficient and green extraction and recovery of natural products from Rosmarinus officinalis leaves, Ginkgo biloba leaves and Salvia miltiorrhiza roots. Food Chem 2021; 363:130282. [PMID: 34144425 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Green extraction and separation of natural products is crucial for food industry, and has been widely concerned. Compared with hydrophilic natural products, the green extraction and separation of hydrophobic natural products is more challenging. In this work, a novel method which coupled the ultrasound-assisted extraction with high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) separation based on hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (DES) was proposed for hydrophobic compounds extraction and recovery. By using the developed method, the hydrophobic compounds in Rosmarinus officinalis leaves, Ginkgo biloba leaves and Salvia miltiorrhiza roots have been successfully extracted and recovered. The results indicated that hydrophobic DESs are more effective for extraction hydrophobic compounds than hydrophilic DESs and traditional solvents. And hydrophobic DESs can be used as HSCCC separation solvents to separate and recover hydrophobic compounds effectively. The infinite possibilities of DESs components and their combinations can provide inexhaustible selective space for hydrophobic compounds in the HSCCC separation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Qing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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15
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Yue H, Yang Z, Ou Y, Liang S, Deng W, Chen H, Zhang C, Hua L, Hu W, Sun P. Tanshinones inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation by alleviating mitochondrial damage to protect against septic and gouty inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 97:107819. [PMID: 34098486 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tanshinones, the active ingredients derived from the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza, have been widely used as traditional medicinal herbs for treating human diseases. Although tanshinones showed anti-inflammatory effects in many studies, large knowledge gaps remain regarding their underlying mechanisms. Here, we identified 15 tanshinones that suppressed the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and studied their structure-activity relationships. Three tanshinones (tanshinone IIA, isocryptotanshinone, and dihydrotanshinone I) reduced mitochondrial reactive-oxygen species production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/nigericin-stimulated macrophages and correlated with altered mitochondrial membrane potentials, mitochondria complexes activities, and adenosine triphosphate and protonated-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide production. The tanshinones may confer mitochondrial protection by promoting autophagy and the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway. Importantly, our findings demonstrate that dihydrotanshinone I improved the survival of mice with LPS shock and ameliorated inflammatory responses in septic and gouty animals. Our results suggest a potential pharmacological mechanism whereby tanshinones can effectively treat inflammatory diseases, such as septic and gouty inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Yue
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Zhongjin Yang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Yitao Ou
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Shuli Liang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Wenmin Deng
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Hao Chen
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Lei Hua
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Wenhui Hu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China.
| | - Ping Sun
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China.
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16
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Chen L, Wu J, Xu H, Chen J, Xie X. Effects of tanshinone combined with valsartan on hypertensive nephropathy and its influence on renal function and vascular endothelial function. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:4788-4795. [PMID: 34150059 PMCID: PMC8205765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the curative effects of tanshinone combined with valsartan on hypertensive nephropathy and its influence on renal and endothelial damage. METHODS A total of 102 hypertensive nephropathy patients who were admitted to our hospital from October 2015 to November 2019 were recruited and divided into a monotherapy group (MG, n=54) and a combined group (CG, n=48), in accordance with the treatment methods. Based on routine treatment, patients in the CG received treatment of tanshinone combined with valsartan, while patients in the MG received treatment of valsartan only. The clinical efficacy, adverse reactions, blood pressure, renal function indexes, vascular endothelial injury indexes, levels of inflammatory cytokines and stress response indexes of the two groups were compared. RESULTS After treatment, the effective rate in the CG was higher than that in the MG, and the levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and microalbumin (mAlb) in the CG were lower than those in the MG (P < 0.05). After treatment, endothelin-1 (ET-1) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) levels in the CG were lower than those in the MG, while nitric oxide (NO) level was higher than that in the MG (P < 0.05). No serious adverse reactions occurred in the two groups during treatment, with similar situations (P > 0.05). The serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) in the CG were lower than those in the MG after treatment, while the level of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was higher (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Tanshinone combined with valsartan can treat hypertensive nephropathy safely and effectively, and reduce renal and endothelial damage by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhu Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Putian UniversityPutian 351100, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Putian UniversityPutian 351100, Fujian Province, China
| | - Haishan Xu
- Department of Renal Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Putian UniversityPutian 351100, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Putian UniversityPutian 351100, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiaoqin Xie
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Putian UniversityPutian 351100, Fujian Province, China
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17
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Wang Y, Hu R, Guo Y, Qin W, Zhang X, Hua L, Yang Y. Preparation, evaluation, and in vitro release of chitosan-alginate tanshinone self-microemulsifying sustained-release microcapsules. Technol Health Care 2021; 29:687-695. [PMID: 33386833 DOI: 10.3233/thc-202529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study we explore the method to prepare tanshinone self-microemulsifying sustained-release microcapsules using tanshinone self-microemulsion as the core material, and chitosan and alginate as capsule materials. METHODS The optimal preparation technology of chitosan-alginate tanshinone self-microemulsifying sustained-release microcapsules was determined by using the orthogonal design experiment and single-factor analysis. The drug loading and entrapment rate were used as evaluation indexes to assess the quality of the drug, and the in vitro release rate was used to evaluate the drug release performance. RESULTS The best technology of chitosan-alginate tanshinone self-microemulsifying sustained-release microcapsules is as follows: the concentration of alginate is 1.5%, the ratio of tanshinone self-microemulsion volume to alginate volume to chitosan mass is 1:1:0.5 (ml: ml: g), and the best concentration of calcium chloride is 2.0%. To prepare the microcapsules using this technology, the drug loading will be 0.046%, the entrapment rate will be 80.23%, and the 24-hour in vitro cumulative release rate will be 97.4%. CONCLUSION The release of the microcapsules conforms to the Higuchi equation and the first-order drug release model and has a good sustained-release performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhong Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Chongqing Centre for Drug Evaluation and Certification, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanlei Guo
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
| | - Weihan Qin
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Hua
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
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18
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Ansari MA, Khan FB, Safdari HA, Almatroudi A, Alzohairy MA, Safdari M, Amirizadeh M, Rehman S, Equbal MJ, Hoque M. Prospective therapeutic potential of Tanshinone IIA: An updated overview. Pharmacol Res 2020; 164:105364. [PMID: 33285229 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, the branch of complementary and alternative medicine based therapeutics has gained considerable attention worldwide. Pharmacological efficacy of various traditional medicinal plants, their products and/or product derivatives have been explored on an increasing scale. Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is a pharmacologically active lipophilic component of Salvia miltiorrhiza extract. Tan IIA shares a history of high repute in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Reckoning with these, the present review collates the pharmacological properties of Tan IIA with a special emphasis on its therapeutic potential against diverse diseases including cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, obesity and neurogenerative diseases. Further, possible applications of various therapeutic preparations of Tan IIA were discussed with special emphasis on nano-based drug delivery formulations. Considering the tremendous advancement in the field of nanomedicine and the therapeutic potential of Tan IIA, the convergence of these two aspects can be foreseen with great promise in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institutes for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1881, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farheen Badrealam Khan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Haaris Ahsan Safdari
- New Technology Center, University of Warsaw, Stefana Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim 51431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Alzohairy
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim 51431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammadreza Safdari
- Imam Ali Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mehran Amirizadeh
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Lorestan, Iran
| | - Suriya Rehman
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institutes for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1881, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Javed Equbal
- Biomedical Institute for Regenerative Research, Texas A&M University Commerce, Commerce, TX 75429, United States.
| | - Mehboob Hoque
- Department of Biological Sciences, Aliah University, Kolkata 700 160, India.
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19
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Li J, Li B, Luo L, Cao F, Yang B, Gao J, Yan Y, Zhang G, Peng L, Hu B. Increased phenolic acid and tanshinone production and transcriptional responses of biosynthetic genes in hairy root cultures of Salvia przewalskii Maxim. treated with methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8565-8578. [PMID: 33048323 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05899-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to reveal the impact of the plant hormone salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on the growth, effective components accumulation, and related gene expression of the hairy root of Salvia przewalskii Maxim. Various concentrations of SA (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 μM) or MeJA (0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600 μM) were added to the culture medium of Salvia przewalskii Maxim. Low concentrations of SA promoted the growth of hairy root, while a high concentration inhibited it. 0 to 400 μM MeJA promoted the growth of hairy root, but 600 μM MeJA starts to inhibit its growth. 50 μM SA and 400 μM MeJA significantly enhanced the production of caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, cryptotanshinone, and tanshinone IIA. In general, 50 μM SA can be used to accumulate of tanshinone in hairy roots of S. przewalskii with 6 days. 400 μM MeJA can be used to accumulate of phenolic acids in hairy roots of S. przewalskii with 3 days. The selected genes in the tanshinone and phenolic acid biosynthetic pathway were upregulated with elicitation. To obtain a higher yield and content of secondary metabolites, it is advisable to use 50 μM SA or 400 μM MeJA as the optimal doses to cultivate the hairy root of S. przewalskii. This study provides, for the first time, an efficient tanshinone and phenolic acid production method for S. przewalskii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Bo Li
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Xianyang, 712083, China
| | - Lu Luo
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Fulin Cao
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Bingyue Yang
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Yonggang Yan
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China.
| | - Benxiang Hu
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China.
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Li Z, Zou J, Cao D, Ma X. Pharmacological basis of tanshinone and new insights into tanshinone as a multitarget natural product for multifaceted diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110599. [PMID: 33236719 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug development has long included the systematic exploration of various resources. Among these, natural products are one of the most important resources from which novel agents are developed due to the multiple pharmacologic effects of these natural products on diseases. Tanshinone, a representative natural product, is the main compound extracted from the dried root and rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. Research on tanshinone began in the early 1930s. With the in-depth investigation of an increasing number of identified analogs, tanshinone has demonstrated a wide variety of bioactivities and contradicted the saying, 'You can't teach an old dog new tricks'. This review is focused on the pharmacological action of tanshinone and status of research on tanshinone in recent years. The mechanism of tanshinone has also drawn much attention, with the findings of representative targets and pathways of tanshinone. The most recent studies have comprehensively shown that tanshinone can be used to treat leukemia and solid carcinoma, protect against cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and alleviate liver- and kidney-related diseases, among its other effects. Multiple signaling pathways, including antiproliferative, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative stress pathways, are involved in its actions.
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21
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Li S, Zhu N, Tang C, Duan H, Wang Y, Zhao G, Liu J, Ye Y. Differential distribution of characteristic constituents in root, stem and leaf tissues of Salvia miltiorrhiza using MALDI mass spectrometry imaging. Fitoterapia 2020; 146:104679. [PMID: 32619463 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Segmentation-quantification is the most commonly used method for studying the tissue distribution of bioactive constituents in plant, but this method would bring uncontrollable pollution, compound migration and denaturation. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), as a new method developed in the past 20 years, has high sensitivity, high spatial resolution, high degree of visualization, and low risk of contamination and degeneration when studying tissue distribution of compounds. For the first time we applied matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) to tissue distribution of characteristic constituents of the medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza. From the collected data, we found the regional differences in root, stem, and leaf tissues, and the ion information with differential distribution characteristics. We also identified 18 bioactive constituents in S. miltiorrhiza with their spatial distribution information. In addition, the plant was divided into five parts, and the identified compounds were analyzed for differences between tissues using LC-MS, which results verified those found from the MSI. It is figured out that MALDI-MSI can be reliably applied to the differential distribution of salvianolic acids and tanshinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Li
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Natural Product Chemistry Department, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Nanlin Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chunping Tang
- Natural Product Chemistry Department, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haonan Duan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yongwei Wang
- Bruker (Beijing) Scientific Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Guangrong Zhao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Jia Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yang Ye
- Natural Product Chemistry Department, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Abstract
Danshen (Cai, et al. 2016) is the dry root and rhizome of the herbaceous plant Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. of family labiatae, a perennial plant that is native to China and Japan. The primary modern clinical applications of Danshen are for heart disease, chronic hepatitis, early cirrhosis, cerebral ischemia and pulmonary heart disease. Emerging evidence from cellular, animal, and clinical studies has begun to illuminate the pharmacological attributes of the primary lipophilic tanshinones from Danshen, which include tanshinone I, tanshinone II, cryptotanshinone and dihydrotanshinone, etc. Tanshinones offer the properties of anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, antitumor, phytoestrogenic activity, vasodilation, neuroprotection, regulate metabolic function and other pharmacological advances. This chapter will review the discovery of the pharmacodynamic mechanism and pharmacokinetic studies of tanshinones and Danshen for further clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
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Bai Z, Wu J, Huang W, Jiao J, Zhang C, Hou Z, Yan K, Zhang X, Han R, Liang Z, Zhang X. The ethylene response factor SmERF8 regulates the expression of SmKSL1 and is involved in tanshinone biosynthesis in Saliva miltiorrhiza hairy roots. J Plant Physiol 2020; 244:153006. [PMID: 31805420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Saliva miltiorrhiza ethylene response factor (SmERF), predicted to be expressed genome-wide, is the potential regulator of tanshinone biosynthesis. However, few studies have investigated its transcriptional regulation pathways in tanshinone biosynthesis. Here, we report an ethylene response factor (SmERF8), which was screened by the SmKSL1 (a key gene in tanshinone biosynthesis) promoter from the S. miltiorrhiza cDNA library. The SmERF8, highly expressed in S. miltiorrhiza root head, is sensitive to Eth stress, and its protein was enriched in the nucleus. The SmERF8 recognizes the GCC-box in the SmKSL1 promoter. Overexpression and RNAi of SmERF8 in S. miltiorrhiza transgenic hairy roots showed that the tanshinone contents were significantly increased in the overexpression transgenic lines and decreased in RNAi lines. These results suggest that the SmERF8 may be a central activator that regulates the expression of SmKSL1 by binding the GCC-box and then promoting tanshinone biosynthesis. Thus, the SmERF8 may functionally accelerate tanshinone biosynthesis by the transcriptional regulation of its key gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqing Bai
- College of Life Science, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China; College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube (Yan'an, University), Yan'an, China; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Institute of Biotechnology, Hohhot, China
| | - Jiawen Wu
- College of Life Science, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube (Yan'an, University), Yan'an, China
| | - Wenli Huang
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jie Jiao
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chenlu Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhuoni Hou
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaijing Yan
- Tasly R&D Institute, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Xuemin Zhang
- Tasly R&D Institute, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Ruilian Han
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China; College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Institute of Biotechnology, Hohhot, China
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Guo J, Xing X, Lv N, Zhao J, Liu Y, Gong H, Du Y, Lu Q, Dong Z. Therapy for myocardial infarction: In vitro and in vivo evaluation of puerarin-prodrug and tanshinone co-loaded lipid nanoparticulate system. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109480. [PMID: 31562980 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Nanoparticle systems carrying drugs have already been developed to treat MI. To improve the efficiency of tanshinone (TAN), and to achieve the synergistic effect of TAN and puerarin (PUE), PUE-prodrug and TAN co-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) was structured and utilized for MI treatment in the present research. PUE-prodrug was synthesized by an esterification reaction. PUE-prodrug and TAN co-loaded SLN (PUEp/TAN-SLN) were prepared by a single emulsification followed by a solvent evaporation method. The physicochemical properties of SLN were characterized and the in vivo infarct therapy effects were evaluated in MI rats. PUE-prodrug and TAN contained SLN showed a size of 112.6 ± 3.1 nm. The SLN encapsulation reduced the cytotoxicity of drugs and was a safer system. PUEp-SLN exhibited a 1.7-fold increase in comparison to PUE-SLN (21.2 ± 2.1 versus 12.5 ± 1.5 mg/L), in the mean time a 3.4-fold increase compared with free PUE in heart drug concentration (21.2 ± 2.1 versus 6.3 ± 0.9 mg/L). In vivo infarct therapy efficiency of double drugs loaded PUEp/TAN-SLN (17 ± 1.9%) was significantly better than the single drug loaded PUEp-SLN (31 ± 1.6%) and TAN-SLN (40 ± 2.2%). PUE-prodrug contained, double drugs co-loaded SLN can be utilized as promising candidate delivery system for cardioprotective drugs in treatment of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Department of Interventional Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250033, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Xing
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250033, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Na Lv
- Jinan Lixia District Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Jingjie Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250033, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Yusheng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250033, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Huiping Gong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250033, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Yimeng Du
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250033, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Qinghua Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250033, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Zhaoqiang Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250033, Shandong Province, PR China.
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Sheriffdeen MM, Alehaideb ZI, Law FCP. Caffeine/Angelica dahurica and caffeine/Salvia miltiorrhiza metabolic inhibition in humans: In vitro and in vivo studies. Complement Ther Med 2019; 46:87-94. [PMID: 31519293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND caffeine is a major constituent in numerous foods, beverages, dietary supplements and medications.Angelica dahurica (Hoffm.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Franch. & Sav, and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge are traditional medicines commonly used in Asia. OBJECTIVES to compare the pharmacokinetics of caffeine in humans before and after consuming an aqueous extract of A. dahurica or S. miltiorrhiza, and to propose a mechanistic explanation for in vivo caffeine metabolism inhibition based on in vitro data obtained with human liver microsomes. METHODS Each of the four human volunteers was given a single oral dose of caffeine before and after consuming an A. dahurica or S. miltiorrhiza extract. Saliva samples were collected from the volunteers at pre-determined time points after receiving caffeine. The saliva samples were analyzed for unchanged caffeine using liquid chromatography. RESULTS A. dahurica and S. miltiorrhiza extracts were capable of inhibiting caffeine metabolism in the human volunteers. In a separate study, cytochrome (CYP) 1A2-mediated caffeine demethylase activity was studied in incubation containing human liver microsomes, β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, and an herbal extract (or a pure bioactive chemical from the herbs). In all cases, CYP1A2 activity was decreased with an increasing inhibitor concentration, confirming the inhibition of caffeine metabolism in vivo. Caffeine metabolism inhibition most likely involved the competitive and/or non-competitive mechanism. CONCLUSION Because a high level of caffeine in the plasma may result in adverse health effects in humans, care must be exercised when caffeine is consumed together with A. dahurica or S. miltiorrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeyad I Alehaideb
- Department of Medical Genomics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, P.O. Box 3660 Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia; King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P.O. Box 22490 Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Francis C P Law
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., V5A, Canada.
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Wu J, Ming Q, Zhai X, Wang S, Zhu B, Zhang Q, Xu Y, Shi S, Wang S, Zhang Q, Han T, Qin L. Structure of a polysaccharide from Trichoderma atroviride and its promotion on tanshinones production in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 223:115125. [PMID: 31426969 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the chemical structure of a heteropolysaccharide (PSF-W-1) from the endophytic fungus Trichoderma atroviride and its effects on the production of tanshinones in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots. The total carbohydrate content of isolated PSF-W-1 was determined to be 97.72%. PSF-W-1 has a relative molecular weight of 36.13 kDa and contains mannose, glucose and galactose in molar ratios of 1.00:4.86:2.25. Through methylation analysis, IR and NMR, PSF-W-1 was determined to possess a backbone of →4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→6)-α-D-Galp-(1→4)-β-D-Manp-(1→6)-α-D-Galp-(1→ with two side chains β-D-Glcp-(1→4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→ attached to O3 of 1,6-α-D-Galp. Bioactivity tests suggested that PSF-W-1 was responsible for boosting the S. miltiorrhiza hairy root growth and the biosynthesis of dihydrotanshinone I, tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone in hairy roots. According to this study, PSF-W-1 might be utilized as a potent stimulator of tanshinones synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China
| | - Qianliang Ming
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Xin Zhai
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Siqi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China
| | - Bo Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China
| | - Quanlong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China
| | - Yongbin Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Songshan Shi
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Shunchun Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Qiaoyan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China
| | - Ting Han
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
| | - Luping Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
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Wang L, Cheng L, Zhang B, Wang N, Wang F. Tanshinone prevents alveolar bone loss in ovariectomized osteoporosis rats by up-regulating phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 376:9-16. [PMID: 31108107 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is manifested by reduced bone mass. Tanshinone has been shown to affect osteoclast differentiation, but its role in osteoporosis remains less clear. This study aimed to investigate the effects and molecular mechanisms of tanshinone on osteoporosis. Osteoporosis was induced by bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) in adult female rats treated with or without tanshinone. Trabecular bone structure was assessed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were isolated for analysis of stemness and senescence. mRNA levels of age related genes were examined and the role of the gene that was upregulated by tanshinone treatment was suppressed to determine its involvement in tanshinone mediated effects. Finally, the mechanism underlying tanshinone induced gene upregulation was explored. We found that tanshinone treatment restored alveolar bone structure in OVX rats as well as the stemness and senescence status of BMSCs isolated from OVX rats. Tanshinone upregulated Phgdh mRNA levels and inhibition of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase Phgdh, the protein encoded by the Phgdh gene, abolished the effects of tanshinone on BMSC stemness and senescence. Finally, we found that OVX lead to hypermethylation of the promoter region of Phgdh which was suppressed by tanshinone treatment. Our study shows that tanshinone potently suppress OVX induced osteoporosis and BMSC senescence through upregulation of PHGDH.
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Chen W, Li X, Guo S, Song N, Wang J, Jia L, Zhu A. Tanshinone IIA harmonizes the crosstalk of autophagy and polarization in macrophages via miR-375/KLF4 pathway to attenuate atherosclerosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 70:486-497. [PMID: 30870679 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play a pivotal role in destabilizing atherosclerotic plaque. The diverse phenotypes and complex autophagy in macrophage are observed in atherosclerotic lesions. Tanshinone IIA (TNA) is known as the major component extracted from the root of Chinese herb Salvia miltiorrhiza, used for treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, the therapeutic mechanism of TNA is not clear yet. In this study, we identified inflammation-related gene expression by microarray in atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE knockout mice fed with high fat diet and found miR-375 was one of the significantly high expressed microRNAs compared with wild type mice and TNA treated mice. Then we compared the levels of proteins related to the signal pathway of autophagy, and the phenotype of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques ex vivo. We predicted KLF4 might be the key target of miR-375 that mediated the crosstalk between autophagy and polarization by TNA. Furthermore, we detected the expression of signal pathway in ox-LDL induced macrophages after treatment with TNA in vitro to verify this predict. The results suggest TNA could activate KLF4 and enhance autophagy as well as M2 polarization of macrophages by inhibiting miR-375 to Attenuate Atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Chen
- Department of Medical Science of Laboratory, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Ximing Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shengnan Guo
- Department of Medical Science of Laboratory, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Nan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Junyan Wang
- The First Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lianqun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Aisong Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
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Cai H, Su S, Li Y, Zhu Z, Guo J, Zhu Y, Guo S, Qian D, Duan J. Danshen can interact with intestinal bacteria from normal and chronic renal failure rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:1758-1771. [PMID: 30551430 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Danshen (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, SMR) has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine in clinic for treatment of coronary heart diseases. Previous works have shown that the chronic renal failure (CRF) is closely related to changes of intestinal bacteria. The aim is to explore the interaction between active components of SMR and intestinal bacteria from normal and CRF rats. The changes of intestinal bacteria were evaluated among normal rats, CRF model rats and SMR-treated rats via 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology. UPLC-QTOF/MS was applied for the analysis and identification of metabolites. RESULTS: Results showed that the following intestinal bacteria varied significantly in CRF rats, including Mucispirillum, Kurthia, Clostridium, Blautia, Butyrivibrio, Shuttleworthia, Peptococcus, Ruminococcus, Bradyrhizobium, Methylobacterium, Azospirillum, Thalassospira, Methylophilus, Pseudomonas, peptostreptococcaceae and bacteroidales. The ethanol extract of SMR (DS) significantly regulated Shuttleworthia, peptostreptococcaceae and Pseudomonas, while the water extract (DSS) significantly affected Peptococcus, peptostreptococcaceae and Ruminococcus. Methylation, demethylation, dehydrogenation, hydrogenation and hydroxylation were the major metabolic transformation of tanshinones in vitro by intestinal bacteria. Glucuronidation, methylation and hydrogenation were the main metabolic transformation of salvianolic acids. These results showed that the bioactive components of SMR, including tanshinones and salvianolic acids, might exert the medical effect via regulation intestinal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongdie Cai
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, 315100, PR China
| | - Shulan Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yonghui Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, PR China
| | - Zhenhua Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jianming Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Sheng Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dawei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jinao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Guo R, Li G. Tanshinone modulates the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in cardiomyocytes and has a protective effect in a rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. Hellenic J Cardiol 2018; 59:323-328. [PMID: 29412156 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective activity of tanshinone in a rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion and determine its effect on the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in cardiomyocytes. METHODS We established a rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. Rats were randomly divided into blank (no surgery); saline; and low-dose (2 mg/ml), medium-dose (15 mg/ml), and high-dose (50 mg/ml) tanshinone groups. We measured heart rate and troponin (cTnI) levels, performed TUNEL to detect cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and detected LDH and CK-MB activities in serum by ELISA. We performed RT-qPCR and western blot to detect the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA and protein in cardiomyocytes. RESULTS Rats treated with tanshinone experienced more stable heart rate after ischemia-reperfusion compared with those in the saline control group. cTnI decreased after ischemia-reperfusion in mice injected with tanshinone, while cTnI in saline-treated mice increased significantly compared with that in the blank control group. TUNEL staining showed that there were greater apoptotic cardiomyocytes in the saline group, but the tanshinone groups showed fewer apoptotic cardiomyocytes. LDH and CK-MB activities were significantly increased after reperfusion in the saline group (p<0.01) and also in the low- and medium-dose tanshinone groups (p<0.05). However, no significant differences were found in the high-dose tanshinone group (p>0.05). The expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein in cardiomyocytes of rats were higher in the three tanshinone groups in a dose-sensitive manner than those in the blank and saline groups (p<0.05). By contrast, the expression levels of Bax mRNA and protein were reduced in the three tanshinone groups in a dose-sensitive manner compared to those in the blank and saline groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Tanshinone shows a protective effect in a dose-dependent manner in a rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, suggesting its potential therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Gen Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Women & Children Central Hospital, Chengdu, 610091, China
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Wang Y, Zhang L, Guo X, Wu S. Salting-in counter-current chromatography separation of tanshinones based on room temperature ionic liquids. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1559:149-155. [PMID: 29305056 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids have been widely used for the extraction and separation of bioactive natural and synthetic mixtures. In this study, we provided an updated example by using an ionic liquid-based salting-in counter-current chromatography (CCC) strategy for the separation of hydrophobic tanshinones without subsequent column chromatography purification. Several ionic liquids such as 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([AMIM]Cl), 1-methallyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([MAMIM]Cl) and 1-butyl-3-ethylimidazolium chloride [BMIM]Cl could significantly decrease the partition coefficients (K) of tanshinones in the selected two-phase solvent composed of hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-ionic liquid aqueous solution (5:5:6:4, v/v). Typically, K values of three target tanshinones including tanshinone I, 1,2-dihydrotanshinquione and tanshinone IIA were reduced from 3.57, 4.57 and 5.50 to 1.62, 2.33 and 3.08, respectively, by the inclusion of 10% [AMIM]Cl in the solvent system. After salting-in CCC separation, the purified tanshinones were obtained only by simple ethyl acetate extraction. In general, the current results demonstrated that the ionic liquid-based salting-in CCC may be as an alternative strategy for the optimization of CCC solvent systems and separation of lipophilic natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wang
- Research Center of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- Research Center of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Xiuyun Guo
- Research Center of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Shihua Wu
- Research Center of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China.
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Bai Z, Li W, Jia Y, Yue Z, Jiao J, Huang W, Xia P, Liang Z. The ethylene response factor SmERF6 co-regulates the transcription of SmCPS1 and SmKSL1 and is involved in tanshinone biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots. Planta 2018; 248:243-255. [PMID: 29704055 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2884-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The SmERF6, which recognizes the GCC-box of SmCPS1 and SmKSL1 promoter in nucleus, regulates the tanshinone biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots. Tanshinone, an important medicinal ingredient in Salvia miltiorrhiza, is best known for its use in medicine. However, the transcription factor regulation of tanshinone biosynthesis is unclear. Here, we isolated and identified a transcription factor in the ERF family of S. miltiorrhiza, SmERF6, which was screened from an S. miltiorrhiza cDNA library by the promoters of two key tanshinone synthesis genes (SmKSL1 and SmCPS1); this factor regulated tanshinone biosynthesis. The gene was highly expressed in the root and responded to ethylene treatment. SmERF6 modulated tanshinone biosynthesis by directly binding to an ethylene-responsive element (GCC-box) of the SmKSL1 and SmCPS1 promoters and activating their transcription. Overexpression of SmERF6 in the hairy roots increased their tanshinone accumulation, and SmERF6 silencing by RNAi led to a lower tanshinone content. Furthermore, tanshinone accumulation maintained homeostasis with the total phenolic acid and flavonoid contents in S. miltiorrhiza. These findings elucidated how SmERF6 directly co-regulates the transcription of SmCPS1 and SmKSL1 and modulates tanshinone synthesis to accelerate the metabolic flux of tanshinone accumulation in S. miltiorrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqing Bai
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
- College of Life Science, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Wenrui Li
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Jia
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zhiyong Yue
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jie Jiao
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Wenli Huang
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Pengguo Xia
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.
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Yang D, Fang Y, Xia P, Zhang X, Liang Z. Diverse responses of tanshinone biosynthesis to biotic and abiotic elicitors in hairy root cultures of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Salvia castanea Diels f. tomentosa. Gene 2018; 643:61-7. [PMID: 29196256 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza (S. miltiorrhiza) and Salvia castanea Diels f. tomentosa (S. castanea) are both used for treatment of cardiovascular diseases. They have the same bioactive compound tanshinones, but whose contents are hugely different. This study illustrated diverse responses of tanshinone biosynthesis to yeast extract (YE) and Ag+ in hairy roots of the two species. YE enhanced both the growth and tanshinone biosynthesis of two hairy roots, and contributed more to tanshinone accumulation in S. castanea than that in S. miltiorrhiza. Genes encoding 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS2), geranylgeranyl diphosphatesynthase (GGPPS1), copalyl diphosphate synthase (CPS1), and two cytochromes P450 (CYP76AH1 and CYP76AH3) were also more responsive to YE in S. castanea than those in S. miltiorrhiza. Accumulations of dihydrotanshinone I and tanshinone I, and most biosynthetic genes in S. miltiorrhiza were more responsive to Ag+ than those in S. castanea. Accumulations of dihydrotanshinone I and cryptotanshinone were more responsive to YE, while tanshinone IIA accumulation was more responsive to Ag+ in S. miltiorrhiza. However, accumulations of other four tanshinones and related genes in S. castanea were more responsive to YE than Ag+. This study provides foundations for studying diverse specialized metabolism between the related species.
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Gao H, Huang H, Zheng A, Yu N, Li N. Determination of quantitative retention-activity relationships between pharmacokinetic parameters and biological effectiveness fingerprints of Salvia miltiorrhiza constituents using biopartitioning and microemulsion high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1067:10-17. [PMID: 28985481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) constituents using biopartitioning and microemulsion high-performance liquid chromatography (MELC). The quantitative retention-activity relationships (QRARs) of the constituents were established to model their pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters and chromatographic retention data, and generate their biological effectiveness fingerprints. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was established to determine the abundance of the extracted danshen constituents, such as sodium danshensu, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, protocatechuic aldehyde, cryptotanshinone, and tanshinone IIA. And another HPLC protocol was established to determine the abundance of those constituents in rat plasma samples. An experimental model was built in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, and calculated the corresponding PK parameterst with 3P97 software package. Thirty-five model drugs were selected to test the PK parameter prediction capacities of the various MELC systems and to optimize the chromatographic protocols. QRARs and generated PK fingerprints were established. The test included water/oil-soluble danshen constituents and the prediction capacity of the regression model was validated. The results showed that the model had good predictability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoshi Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110013, China
| | - Hongzhang Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Aini Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Nuojun Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Ye YT, Zhong W, Sun P, Wang D, Wang C, Hu LM, Qian JQ. Apoptosis induced by the methanol extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge in non-small cell lung cancer through PTEN-mediated inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2017; 200:107-116. [PMID: 28088493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) plant, has been used to treat cardiovascular diseases since thousands of years. Many studies reported that the active component tanshinones displayed a variety of biological activities: anti-thrombous, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-tumor promoting. But the mechanism of how the active components working still need to be clarified. The anti-tumor effect of compounds of tanshinone (CTN), the methanol extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge roots, was investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CTN on the growth inhibition, apoptosis and molecular targets of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS CTN-induced cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay. The cell survival was evaluated using clonogenic survival assay. The morphology of Glc-82 cells after treatment with CTN was determined by fluorescence microscopy. Cell cycle distribution was revealed by flow cytometry. The apoptotic cells were quantified with annexin V-FITC/PI staining and flow cytometry, and observed using Hoechst 33258 staining and TUNEL assays. The expression levels of proteins were analyzed using western blot. Tumor growth was assessed by subcutaneous inoculation of cells into BALB/c nude mice. RESULTS CTN inhibited the proliferation of NSCLC in a dose-dependent manner and induced both early and late apoptosis. Treatment of Glc-82 cells with CTN (5-80μg/ml) significantly (p<0.05) suppressed the cell proliferation in a concentration and time-dependent manner. CTN induced significant (p<0.05) and dose-dependent apoptosis of Glc-82 cells. Cell cycle assay showed that CTN induced a G2/M phase arrest, and significantly (p<0.05) increased expression of p53 and p21, actived caspase-3/9 and PARP1, which suggest the involvement of the mitochondria in the apoptotic signals. In addition, CTN decreased expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, Bcl-xl and increased expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax. Result also showed that CTN could increase expression levels of PTEN, and reduce the phosphorylated levels of Akt (protein kinase B) on Thr 308 and Ser 473 domain. In vivo assay showed that the antitumor effect of CTN was significantly augmented without increasing toxicity in nude mice bearing Glc-82 xenograft. CONCLUSION The PTEN/Akt signaling axis is defined as a critical pathway regulated by PTEN in NSCLC. CTN, the methanol extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, are the active compounds as shown by their ability to induce apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis and PTEN-mediated inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway. CTN could inhibit tumor growth more efficiently, which supports the ethno-medicinal use of this herb as an alternative or complementary therapy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Tao Ye
- Department of pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine Research, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Glaxo Smith Kline, Tianjin Smith Kline & French Laboratories Ltd, Tianjin 300163, China
| | - Pei Sun
- Department of pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Li-Min Hu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Research, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Jun-Qiang Qian
- Department of pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
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Di Y, Meng Q, Yang H, Li K, Cao L, Shi M, Fu Z, Di H. Antitumor activity of tanshinone and its nanoparticles on U14 cervical carcinoma-bearing mice. Nanobiomedicine (Rij) 2016; 3:1849543516673446. [PMID: 29942389 PMCID: PMC5998259 DOI: 10.1177/1849543516673446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, tanshinone was extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza. To improve the utilization and the dissolution of the drug, the tanshinone extractions were prepared at a pharmaceutical nanoscale and in the nanometer range of 100–200 nm. Then, the rate of tumor inhibition and the activity of antioxidant system and the thymus/spleen indices were investigated to find the antitumor effect of nanoparticles of tanshinone in cervical carcinoma-bearing mice. Our data suggest that tanshinone inhibits cervical tumor growth and the rates of tumor inhibition of all drug groups were more than 45%. The highest rate was 70.88% in the high dose of nanoscale tanshinone group. The activities of superoxide dismutase were higher in drug groups than in the model control group, and the concentrations of malondialdehyde were significantly lower. These findings suggested that tanshinone enhance the superoxide dismutase activity of the mice and decrease the malondialdehyde content. It may be one of the mechanisms of antitumor effect of tanshinone. The thymus index and spleen index were higher than normal control or model control. These data suggested that tanshinone also enhanced the immune system of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Di
- Oncology department, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingjie Meng
- Oncology department, Fengrun Hospital of Tangshan, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- Oncology department, Lulong County Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyan Cao
- Oncology department, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Shi
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanzhao Fu
- Oncology department, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Di
- School of economics, Nankai University, Weijin Road, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Research department, Zhongde Securities, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Wang Y, Shen Y, Shen Z, Zhao L, Ning D, Jiang C, Zhao R, Huang L. Comparative proteomic analysis of the response to silver ions and yeast extract in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy root cultures. Plant Physiol Biochem 2016; 107:364-373. [PMID: 27372730 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biotic and abiotic stresses can inhibit plant growth, resulting in losses of crop productivity. However, moderate adverse stress can promote the accumulation of valuable natural products in medicinal plants. Elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms thus might help optimize the variety of available plant medicinal materials and improve their quality. In this study, Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy root cultures were employed as an in vitro model of the Chinese herb Danshen. A comparative proteomic analysis using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF-MS was performed. By comparing the gel images of groups exposed to the stress of yeast extract (YE) combined with Ag(+) and controls, 64 proteins were identified that showed significant changes in protein abundance for at least one time point after treatment. According to analysis based on the KEGG and related physiological experimental verification, it was found that YE and Ag(+) stress induced a burst of reactive oxygen species and activated the Ca(2+)/calmodulin signaling pathway. Expression of immune-suppressive proteins increased. Epidermal cells underwent programmed cell death. Energy metabolism was enhanced and carbon metabolism shifted to favor the production of secondary metabolites such as lignin, tanshinone and salvianolic acids. The tanshinone and salvianolic acids were deposited on the collapsed epidermal cells forming a physicochemical barrier. The defense proteins and these natural products together enhanced the stress resistance of the plants. Since higher levels of natural products represent good quality in medicinal materials, this study sheds new light on quality formation mechanisms of medicinal plants and will hopefully encourage further research on how the planting environment affects the efficacy of herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Shen
- Key Lab Forest Tree Genet Improvement & Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Northeast Forest University, Harbin, China
| | - Le Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Deli Ning
- Key Lab Forest Tree Genet Improvement & Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Northeast Forest University, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Zhang S, Liu Q, Luo H, Chen P, Wu X, Yang M, Kong W, Guo W. UFLC-MS/MS analysis of four tanshinone components in Salvia miltiorrhizae after ultrasound-assisted extraction. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1017-1018:204-210. [PMID: 26990735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and rapid ultra-fast liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS/MS) method was developed for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative of four characteristic tanshione components including tanshinone IIA, cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I and dihydrotanshinone I in Salvia miltiorrhizae after ultrasound-assisted extraction. By using a C18 column, the four analytes were separated by gradient elution with acetonitrile and water both containing 0.1% formic acid at the flow rate of 0.3mL/min. Multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) was used for quantification, and an information-dependent acquisition (IDA) method was used to trigger enhanced product ion scans (EPI) for supplementary characteristic identification for qualitative research. Calibration curves showed good linearities with correlation coefficients (r) higher than 0.9990. The method showed high sensitivity with limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) less than 0.0002ng/mL and 0.0008ng/mL, respectively, as well as good precision and reproducibility. Mean recoveries for four analytes ranged from 92.5% to 106.2% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) lower than 14.59%. Real application of the developed method in 32 batches of S. miltiorrhizae samples demonstrated that the total contents of four analytes in all samples were in the range of 2.258-52.342mg/g. Ultrasound-assisted extraction technique took a small amount of sample and low time but giving high extraction efficiency. Combining with UFLC-MS/MS method in MRM-IDA-EPI mode, more components in other complicated matrices can be simultaneously analyzed for qualitation and quantitation in one run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Qiutao Liu
- Pharmacy College, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Hongli Luo
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Guizhou Xinbang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Guiyang 550014,China
| | - Xiaoru Wu
- Guizhou Xinbang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Guiyang 550014,China
| | - Meihua Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Weijun Kong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China.
| | - Weiying Guo
- Pharmacy College, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China.
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Li B, Wang B, Li H, Peng L, Ru M, Liang Z, Yan X, Zhu Y. Establishment of Salvia castanea Diels f. tomentosa Stib. hairy root cultures and the promotion of tanshinone accumulation and gene expression with Ag⁺, methyl jasmonate, and yeast extract elicitation. Protoplasma 2016; 253:87-100. [PMID: 25783026 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0790-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Salvia castanea Diels f. tomentosa Stib. is an endemic medicinal plant distributed in China, and the notably high content of tanshinone IIA in the root is proven effective for the therapy of heart diseases. Hairy root induction of this Salvia species was inoculated with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain ATCC 15834. Transformed hairy root was cultured in 6,7-V liquid medium for growth kinetics assessment and elicitation. An S curve was present in the hairy root cultures based on the fresh and dry weights with an interval of 3 days. An optimum concentration of the applied elicitors (15 μM Ag(+), 200 μM methyl jasmonate, and 200 mg l(-1) yeast extract elicitor) benefitted both the growth status and tanshinone accumulation in the hairy root cultures. Tanshinone IIA contents were mostly stimulated 1.8-fold and 1.99-fold compared with the control by Ag(+) and methyl jasmonate elicitation, respectively. Yeast extract dramatically enhanced dry mass accumulation, while it promoted cryptotanshinone content of 2.84 ± 0.33 mg g(-1) dry weight at most in the hairy root cultures. Selected elicitors diversely influenced tanshinone accumulation in the time courses of hairy root cultures within 7 days. Furthermore, transcripts of selected genes in the tanshinone biosynthetic pathway were remarkably upregulated with elicitation. Yeast extract elicitor heightened 13.9-fold of isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase expression level at 12 h, while it increased 16.7-fold of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase transcript at 24 h compared with that of the control, which was more effective than Ag(+) and methyl jasmonate. This study provided a convenient hairy root culture system of S. castanea Diels f. tomentosa Stib. for tanshinone production for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Bangqing Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, People's Republic of China
- Hanzhong Institute of Botany, 723000, Hanzhong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, People's Republic of China
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712046, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Ru
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 712100, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, People's Republic of China.
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xijun Yan
- Tianjin Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., 300410, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Zhu
- Tianjin Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., 300410, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Yang H, Ding Y, Gao W, Qi LW, Cao J, Li P. Efficient separation of tanshinones by polyvinylpyrrolidone-stabilized graphene-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:2874-80. [PMID: 26331266 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a PVP-stabilized graphene was used in MEKC for the separation of tanshinones. Seven structurally similar tanshinones were studied, that is, tanshinone IIB, dihydrotanshinone I, tanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, 1,2-dihydrotanshinone I, miltirone, and tanshinone IIA. To achieve optimal conditions, graphene concentration, sample solvent composition, SDS concentration, 2-propanolconcentration, and buffer pH were investigated. At a separation voltage of 30 kV and a 41.5 cm effective length fused-silica capillary, good resolution within 12 min was performed using 10 mM borate buffer (pH 9.3) containing 30 mM SDS, 10% v/v 2-propanol and 6 μg/mL graphene. The method was validated in terms of linearity (r(2) > 0.9970), intra- and inter-day precision were less than 3.56 and 4.83%, respectively. The proposed method was then successfully applied to Danshentong capsule, an herbal preparation from Salvia miltiorrhiza. Our results indicated the high separation efficiency of PVP-stabilized graphene provided new opportunities for the analysis of complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Wen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Lian-Wen Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jun Cao
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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Yu Q, Chen H, Sheng L, Liang Y, Li Q. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate prolongs the survival of skin allografts by inhibiting inflammatory cell infiltration and T cell proliferation. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 22:277-84. [PMID: 25034709 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute rejection is a major problem for allograft transplantation in the clinic. Classic immunosuppressive drug therapy is accompanied by a variety of side effects. Therefore, safe and effective immunosuppressive drugs remain in demand. In this study, the effect of sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) on prolonging the allogeneic skin graft survival was determined using a rat skin transplantation model. Rat recipients were divided into four groups that received different treatments: physiological saline, STS, CsA, or STS+CsA. The results indicated that the administration of STS alone, CsA alone or combined STS and CsA all significantly promoted skin allograft survival as demonstrated by a longer mean survival time (MST) compared with the control group. This effect was due to the reductions in the infiltration of inflammatory cells into allograft and the percentages of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood of rat recipients. The injection of STS could also downregulate the expression of RANTES, IP-10 as well as IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α in allograft tissue. STS markedly inhibited the proliferation of mouse spleen T lymphocytes stimulated by mitogen and alloantigen in vitro. Taken together, these results suggest that STS is a widely applicable drug with few complications that may serve as a new therapeutic alternative for allograft rejection or even other Th1 cell-dominated immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiong Yu
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, PR China
| | - Huili Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Yangpu District Central Hospital, 450 Tengyue Road, Shanghai 200011, PR China
| | - Lingling Sheng
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, PR China
| | - Yimin Liang
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, PR China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, PR China.
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Woo J, Kim HY, Byun BJ, Chae CH, Lee JY, Ryu SY, Park WK, Cho H, Choi G. Biological evaluation of tanshindiols as EZH2 histone methyltransferase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2486-92. [PMID: 24767850 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
EZH2 is the core subunit of Polycomb repressive complex 2 catalyzing the methylation of histone H3 lysine-27 and closely involved in tumorigenesis. To discover small molecule inhibitors for EZH2 methyltransferase activity, we performed an inhibitor screen with catalytically active EZH2 protein complex and identified tanshindiols as EZH2 inhibitors. Tanshindiol B and C potently inhibited the methyltransferase activity in in vitro enzymatic assay with IC50 values of 0.52μM and 0.55μM, respectively. Tanshindiol C exhibited growth inhibition of several cancer cells including Pfeiffer cell line, a diffuse large B cell lymphoma harboring EZH2 A677G activating mutation. Tanshindiol treatment in Pfeiffer cells significantly decreased the tri-methylated form of histone H3 lysine-27, a substrate of EZH2, as revealed by Western blot analysis and histone methylation ELISA. Based on enzyme kinetics and docking studies, we propose that tanshindiol-mediated inhibition of EZH2 activity is competitive for the substrate S-adenosylmethionine. Taken together, our findings strongly suggest that tanshindiols possess a unique anti-cancer activity whose mechanism involves the inhibition of EZH2 activity and would provide chemically valuable information for designing a new class of potent EZH2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Woo
- Pharmacology Research Group, Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Gajeong-Ro 141, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea; Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Gajeong-Ro 217, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Young Kim
- Pharmacology Research Group, Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Gajeong-Ro 141, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Jin Byun
- Pharmacology Research Group, Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Gajeong-Ro 141, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Hak Chae
- Pharmacology Research Group, Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Gajeong-Ro 141, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Pharmacology Research Group, Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Gajeong-Ro 141, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daehak-ro 79, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Shi Yong Ryu
- Pharmacology Research Group, Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Gajeong-Ro 141, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daehak-ro 79, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Kyu Park
- Pharmacology Research Group, Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Gajeong-Ro 141, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyeong Cho
- Pharmacology Research Group, Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Gajeong-Ro 141, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea; Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Gajeong-Ro 217, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gildon Choi
- Pharmacology Research Group, Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Gajeong-Ro 141, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea; Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Gajeong-Ro 217, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea.
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Xu JL, He SX, Chen JH, Fu H, Zhao G, Wang YL, Ren MD. Effect of tanshinone II A on COX-2 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2006; 14:1352-1356. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v14.i14.1352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To observe the effect of Tanshinone II A on the proliferation and apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721 and its machanism.
METHODS: The human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721 cultured in vitro was treated with different concentrations (final 0.5 mg/L) Tanshinone II A. The proliferation of the cells was measured by MTT assay, and the apoptosis of the cells was investigated by flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was detected by immunocytochemistry. The levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in medium were measured by radioimmunoassay.
RESULTS: Tanshinone II A inhibited the growth of SMMC-7721 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory rate reached the peak (69.3%) after 0.5 mg/L Tanshinone II A was used for 48 h, which was significantly higher than that in the controls (P < 0.01). Typical features of apoptosis as cell shrinkage, nuclear chromatin condensation, fragmentation, and the formation of apoptotic bodies was found by TEM in the cells treated with Tanshinone II A. FCM analysis showed the apoptotic rates for 24, 48 and 72 h were 7.45% ± 0.33%, 6.59% ± 0.45%, and 4.78% ± 1.05%, respectively, when 5 mg/L Tanshinone II A was used, which were markedly higher than those in the controls (all P < 0.01). Both the expression of COX-2 (P < 0.01) and the production of PGE2 (40.18 ± 1.37 μg/L vs 75.31 ± 1.64 μg/L, P < 0.01) were decreased significantly after Tanshinone II A treatment as compared with those in the controls.
CONCLUSION: Tanshinone II A inhibits the proliferation and increases the apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721 by down-regulation of COX-2 protein expression.
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