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Jockers D, Bakoubayi AW, Bärnighausen K, Bando PP, Pechar S, Maina TW, Wachinger J, Vetter M, Djakpa Y, Saka B, Gnossike P, Schröder NM, Liu S, Gadah DAY, Kasang C, Bärnighausen T. Effectiveness of Sensitization Campaigns in Reducing Leprosy-Related Stigma in Rural Togo: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e52106. [PMID: 38635983 PMCID: PMC11066741 DOI: 10.2196/52106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the global strategy to eliminate leprosy, there remains a need for early case detection to successfully interrupt transmissions. Poor knowledge about leprosy and leprosy-related stigma are key drivers of delayed diagnosis and treatment. Sensitization campaigns to inform and increase awareness among the general population are an integral part of many national neglected tropical disease programs. Despite their importance, the effectiveness of such campaigns has not been rigorously studied in the West African context. A multilingual rural setting with low health literacy in this region presents challenges to the potential impact of sensitization campaigns. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study is to assess the causal effect of common practice community sensitization campaigns on leprosy-related knowledge and stigma at the community level and among community health volunteers. Additionally, we will test the potential of novel educational audio tools in the 15 most prominent local languages to overcome literacy and language barriers and amplify sensitization campaigns. METHODS We will conduct a cluster randomized controlled trial using a sequential mixed methods approach in 60 rural communities across all regions of Togo, West Africa. The study features 2 intervention arms and 1 control arm, with intervention and control assignments made at the community level through randomization. Communities in intervention arm 1 will receive a sensitization campaign in line with the current Togolese national neglected tropical disease program. Communities in intervention arm 2 will receive the same sensitization campaign along with educational audio tools distributed to community households. The control arm will receive no intervention before data collection. Quantitative outcome measures on knowledge and stigma will be collected from a random sample of 1200 individuals. Knowledge will be assessed using the 9-item standardized Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Questionnaire. Stigma will be measured using the 7-item Social Distance Scale and the 15-item Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue Community Stigma Scale. We will estimate intention-to-treat effects at the individual level, comparing the outcomes of the intervention and control arms. In an accompanying qualitative component, we will conduct in-depth interviews with community members, community health volunteers, and health care workers in both treatment arms and the control arm to explore intervention and stigma-related experiences. RESULTS This paper describes and discusses the protocol for a mixed methods cluster randomized controlled trial. Data collection is planned to be completed in June 2024, with ongoing data analysis. The first results are expected to be submitted for publication by the end of 2024. CONCLUSIONS This trial will be among the first to test the causal effectiveness of community-based sensitization campaigns and audio tools to increase knowledge and reduce leprosy-related stigma. As such, the results will inform health policy makers, decision-makers, and public health practitioners designing sensitization campaigns in rural multilingual settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00029355; https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00029355. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/52106.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Jockers
- Heidelberg Insititute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Kate Bärnighausen
- Heidelberg Insititute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Stefanie Pechar
- Public Health and Prevention, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Teresia Wamuyu Maina
- Heidelberg Insititute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas Wachinger
- Heidelberg Insititute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark Vetter
- Geovisualization, Technical University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yawovi Djakpa
- German Leprosy and Tuberculosis Relief Association, Lomé, Togo
| | - Bayaki Saka
- Department of Dermatology, Tsévié Hospital, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Piham Gnossike
- National Programme for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Lomé, Togo
| | - Nora Maike Schröder
- Heidelberg Insititute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shuyan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (Campus Charité Mitte), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Christa Kasang
- German Leprosy and Tuberculosis Relief Association, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Till Bärnighausen
- Heidelberg Insititute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Tegueni K, Gbeasor-Komlanvi FA, Adama OIW, Sadio AJ, Amenyah-Ehlan AP, Dagnra CA, Ekouevi DK. Epidemiological and virological surveillance of the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV among pregnant women in Togo. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:278. [PMID: 38622544 PMCID: PMC11017652 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06435-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2015, Togo introduced the "test-and-treat" strategy for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. Pediatric HIV infection remains a public health problem in Togo, with a mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) rate of 3.6% in 2020. This study aimed to estimate cases of HIV seroconversion during pregnancy and to identify pregnant women at high risk of transmitting HIV to their children in Lomé, Togo. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from 18 March to 22 May 2022 among women who had given birth in five maternity units providing PMTCT services in Lomé. Umbilical cord blood samples were taken from the maternal side by midwives after delivery. HIV serology was performed in the laboratory using the Alere™ HIV Combo SET and First Response HIV 1-2. Card Test version 2.0. A sample was considered positive if both tests were positive. The HIV-1 viral load in HIV-1-positive samples was measured using Cobas/Roche 4800 equipment. Information on the women was extracted from maternal antenatal records and antenatal consultation registers. RESULTS A total of 3148 umbilical cord blood samples (median maternal age: 28 years (interquartile range [24-32]) were collected. Among them, 99.3% (3145/3148) had presented for at least one antenatal clinic visit before giving birth, and 78.7% (2456/3122) had presented for at least four visits. One hundred and twenty-one (121) cord samples were HIV-1 positive, representing a seroprevalence of 3.8% (95% CI = [3.2-4.6]). Among them, 67.8% (82/121) were known HIV-positive before the current pregnancy, 29.7 (36/121) were diagnosed as HIV-positive at the antenatal visits and 2.5% (3/121) were diagnosed as HIV-positive in the delivery room. Of the HIV-positive women, 85.9% (104/121) were on ARV treatment before delivery. The viral load was < 1000 copies/ml in 97.5% (118/121) cases. CONCLUSION This study explored the virologic and epidemiological aspects of HIV among pregnant women in Togo. The results show significant viral suppression at delivery in women ART. Surveillance based on umbilical cord blood specimen screening is an interesting approach for monitoring the effectiveness of PMTCT programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kokou Tegueni
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et d'Immunologie (BIOLIM- FSS/UL), Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
- Programme National de Lutte contre le VIH/Sida, les Hépatites virales et les Infections Sexuellement Transmissibles (PNLS/HV/IST), Lomé, Togo
- Laboratoire National de Référence pour tests VIH, les Hépatites virales et les Infections Sexuellement Transmissibles (LNR/HV/IST), Lomé, Togo
| | - Fifonsi Adjidossi Gbeasor-Komlanvi
- Département de Santé Publique, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
- Centre Africain de Recherche en Epidémiologie et en Santé Publique (CARESP), Lomé, Togo
| | - Oumarou I Wone Adama
- Département de Santé Publique, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
- Centre Africain de Recherche en Epidémiologie et en Santé Publique (CARESP), Lomé, Togo
| | - Arnold Junior Sadio
- Département de Santé Publique, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
- Centre Africain de Recherche en Epidémiologie et en Santé Publique (CARESP), Lomé, Togo
| | - Amivi Phyllis Amenyah-Ehlan
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et d'Immunologie (BIOLIM- FSS/UL), Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
- Programme National de Lutte contre le VIH/Sida, les Hépatites virales et les Infections Sexuellement Transmissibles (PNLS/HV/IST), Lomé, Togo
- Laboratoire National de Référence pour tests VIH, les Hépatites virales et les Infections Sexuellement Transmissibles (LNR/HV/IST), Lomé, Togo
| | - Claver Anoumou Dagnra
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et d'Immunologie (BIOLIM- FSS/UL), Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
- Programme National de Lutte contre le VIH/Sida, les Hépatites virales et les Infections Sexuellement Transmissibles (PNLS/HV/IST), Lomé, Togo
- Laboratoire National de Référence pour tests VIH, les Hépatites virales et les Infections Sexuellement Transmissibles (LNR/HV/IST), Lomé, Togo
| | - Didier Koumavi Ekouevi
- Département de Santé Publique, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo.
- Centre Africain de Recherche en Epidémiologie et en Santé Publique (CARESP), Lomé, Togo.
- Global Health in the Global South (GHiGS) Team, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR 1219, Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) EMR 271, Bordeaux, France.
- Institut de Santé Publique Epidémiologie Développement (ISPED), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
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Dorkenoo AM, Warsame M, Ataba E, Hemou M, Yakpa K, Sossou E, Mitigmsagou M, Teou CD, Caspar E, Ma L, Djadou KE, Atcha-Oubou T, Rasmussen C, Menard D. Efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine and prevalence of molecular markers of anti-malarial drug resistance in children in Togo in 2021. Malar J 2024; 23:92. [PMID: 38570791 PMCID: PMC10988893 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-024-04922-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artemether-lumefantrine (AL) and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) are the currently recommended first- and second-line therapies for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum infections in Togo. This study assessed the efficacy of these combinations, the proportion of Day3-positive patients (D3 +), the proportion of molecular markers associated with P. falciparum resistance to anti-malarial drugs, and the variable performance of HRP2-based malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). METHODS A single arm prospective study evaluating the efficacy of AL and DP was conducted at two sites (Kouvé and Anié) from September 2021 to January 2022. Eligible children were enrolled, randomly assigned to treatment at each site and followed up for 42 days after treatment initiation. The primary endpoint was polymerase chain reaction (PCR) adjusted adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR). At day 0, samples were analysed for mutations in the Pfkelch13, Pfcrt, Pfmdr-1, dhfr, dhps, and deletions in the hrp2/hrp3 genes. RESULTS A total of 179 and 178 children were included in the AL and DP groups, respectively. After PCR correction, cure rates of patients treated with AL were 97.5% (91.4-99.7) at day 28 in Kouvé and 98.6% (92.4-100) in Anié, whereas 96.4% (CI 95%: 89.1-98.8) and 97.3% (CI 95%: 89.5-99.3) were observed at day 42 in Kouvé and Anié, respectively. The cure rates of patients treated with DP at day 42 were 98.9% (CI 95%: 92.1-99.8) in Kouvé and 100% in Anié. The proportion of patients with parasites on day 3 (D3 +) was 8.5% in AL and 2.6% in DP groups in Anié and 4.3% in AL and 2.1% DP groups in Kouvé. Of the 357 day 0 samples, 99.2% carried the Pfkelch13 wild-type allele. Two isolates carried nonsynonymous mutations not known to be associated with artemisinin partial resistance (ART-R) (A578S and A557S). Most samples carried the Pfcrt wild-type allele (97.2%). The most common Pfmdr-1 allele was the single mutant 184F (75.6%). Among dhfr/dhps mutations, the quintuple mutant haplotype N51I/C59R/S108N + 437G/540E, which is responsible for SP treatment failure in adults and children, was not detected. Single deletions in hrp2 and hrp3 genes were detected in 1/357 (0.3%) and 1/357 (0.3%), respectively. Dual hrp2/hrp3 deletions, which could affect the performances of HRP2-based RDTs, were not observed. CONCLUSION The results of this study confirm that the AL and DP treatments are highly effective. The absence of the validated Pfkelch13 mutants in the study areas suggests the absence of ART -R, although a significant proportion of D3 + cases were found. The absence of dhfr/dhps quintuple or sextuple mutants (quintuple + 581G) supports the continued use of SP for IPTp during pregnancy and in combination with amodiaquine for seasonal malaria chemoprevention. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12623000344695.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marian Warsame
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Essoham Ataba
- Programme National de Lutte Contre le Paludisme, Lomé, Togo
| | - Manani Hemou
- Service de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Campus, Lomé, Togo
| | - Kossi Yakpa
- Programme National de Lutte Contre le Paludisme, Lomé, Togo
| | - Efoe Sossou
- Service des Laboratoires, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sylvanus Olympio Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | | | | | - Emmanuelle Caspar
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, Université de Strasbourg, UR7292 Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurence Ma
- Biomics Platform, C2RT, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Didier Menard
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, Université de Strasbourg, UR7292 Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Malaria Genetics and Resistance Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1201, 75015, Paris, France
- Malaria Parasite Biology and Vaccines, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, CHU Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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Afassinou YM, Adani-Ifè AA, Sossou YI, Pessinaba S, Atta B, Pio M, Baragou S, Damorou F. Epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary specificities of the association between venous thromboembolic event and cancer in sub-Saharan Africa: Case of Togo. J Med Vasc 2024; 49:72-79. [PMID: 38697713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmv.2023.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our study aimed to describe the clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic and outcomes of patients with venous thromboembolic event (VTE) associated with cancer in the context of limited resources. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a descriptive cross-sectional study over a period of six years from March 1, 2016 to March 31, 2022, in the cardiology department and the oncology unit of the Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital of Lome. Our study examined medical records of patients who were at least 18 years old and had venous thromboembolic disease and cancer that was histologically confirmed. This study did not include records that were incomplete or records from patients with coronavirus disease. RESULTS Our study included 87 patients with average age of 56.36±15.26 years. The discovery of VTE occurred incidentally in 28.74%. Venous thrombosis was isolated in 68.96% and proximal in 95%. Pulmonary embolism was bilateral in 77.77%. Gynaecological and urological cancers were found in 33.33% and 32.19% respectively. Adenocarcinoma was the histological type of cancer found in 47.13%. Cancers were at a very advanced stage in 74.71%. Treatment with antivitamin K was prescribed in 12.65%. In our study, there were 58 patients who passed away with a mortality rate of 66.66%. The cause of death was a complication of VTE in 22.42% and related to the course of cancer in 63.79% of cases. CONCLUSION VTE during cancer is particular with a fatal evolution due to the severity of VTE and the very advanced stage of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Afassinou
- Department of Cardiology, Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital, 15BP 314 Lome, Togo.
| | - A A Adani-Ifè
- Department of Oncology, Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital, Lome, Togo
| | - Y I Sossou
- Department of Cardiology, Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital, 15BP 314 Lome, Togo
| | - S Pessinaba
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Teaching Hospital, Lome, Togo
| | - B Atta
- Department of Medicine, Sokode Regional Hospital, Sokode, Togo
| | - M Pio
- Cardiology Department, Kara Teaching Hospital, Kara, Togo
| | - S Baragou
- Department of Cardiology, Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital, 15BP 314 Lome, Togo
| | - F Damorou
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Teaching Hospital, Lome, Togo
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Darré T, Djiwa T, Ladekpo KJO, M’Bortche BK, Douaguibe B, Aboubakari AS, Ekouévi DK, Saka B. Factors Associated With Precancerous Cervical Lesions in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Women: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Togo. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2024; 18:11795549241234620. [PMID: 38510316 PMCID: PMC10953098 DOI: 10.1177/11795549241234620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in cervical cancer remains a major public health challenge in developing countries, like Togo. Precancerous lesions include all cellular abnormalities that have malignant potential that can develop into cancer. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with precancerous cervical lesions in HIV-infected women in our context. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out from November 31, 2022, to January 31, 2023, in an HIV care center in Lomé (Non-Governmental Organization Espoir Vie Togo [NGO EVT] Grand-Lomé-Togo). Results A total of 271 women were included with a mean age of 47.0 years and a standard deviation of 10.0 years, among whom 20.7% do not have any scholar education. Only 6.7% of them had previously performed cervical smear examinations. The prevalence of precancerous cervical lesions observed in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) was 11.4% with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 5.0 to 15.4. Cytological abnormalities were marked by low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) (5.1%), followed by the presence of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) (3.5%). A statistically significant association was found between parity and the presence of precancerous lesions (P = .014). Conclusions In this study, more than 1 out of 10 women living with HIV had precancerous cervical lesions, and parity was the factor associated. The implementation of a systematic screening program for precancerous cervical lesions and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection integrated into HIV care is necessary for early treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tchin Darré
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Toukilnan Djiwa
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | | | - Bingo K M’Bortche
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Baguilane Douaguibe
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | | | | | - Bayaki Saka
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
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Fiawoo M, Hemou M, Guedenon KM, Agbéko F, Akolly DAE, Galinaba NF, Amblasso M, Kamaga M, Djadou KE, Gbadoe AD, Douti NK. [Respiratory distress in newborns at the University Hospital of Lomé, Togo]. West Afr J Med 2023; 40:S32-S33. [PMID: 38069826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Fiawoo
- Département de pédiatrie, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Lomé.
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Fiawoo M, Agbéko F, Hemou M, Kolani P, Amblasso M, Kamaga M, Djadou KE, Douti NK. [PROFILE OF TROPHALLERGEN SENSITIZATION IN CHILDREN IN THE PNEUMO-ALLERGOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF CHU-CAMPUS DE LOMÉ, TOGO]. West Afr J Med 2023; 40:S28. [PMID: 38064658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Fiawoo
- Département de pédiatrie, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Lomé
| | - F Agbéko
- Département de pédiatrie, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Lomé
| | - M Hemou
- Département de pédiatrie, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Lomé
| | - P Kolani
- Département de pédiatrie, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Lomé
| | - M Amblasso
- Département de pédiatrie, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Lomé
| | - M Kamaga
- Département de pédiatrie, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Lomé
| | - K E Djadou
- Département de pédiatrie, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Lomé
| | - N K Douti
- Département de pédiatrie, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Lomé
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Kodjo AD, Lohanimpo D, Abou-Bakari T, Toyi T, Abago B, Mohaman AD. [HTA AND COVID-19 IN TOGO]. West Afr J Med 2023; 40:S37. [PMID: 38070174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Agbeko Djagadou Kodjo
- Service de Médecine Interne, Faculté des sciences de la santé, Université de Lomé, Togo
| | - Djalogue Lohanimpo
- Service de Médecine Interne, Faculté des sciences de la santé, Université de Kara, Togo
| | - Tchala Abou-Bakari
- Service de Médecine Interne, Faculté des sciences de la santé, Université de Lomé, Togo
| | - Tchamdja Toyi
- Service de Médecine Interne, Faculté des sciences de la santé, Université de Lomé, Togo
| | - Balaka Abago
- Service de Médecine Interne, Faculté des sciences de la santé, Université de Lomé, Togo
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Arikawa S, Tchankoni MK, Gbeasor-Komlanvi FA, Atekpe SP, Atcha-Oubou T, Figueroa-Romero A, Fombah AE, Saute F, Samai M, Menendez C, Gonzalez R, Briand V, Ekouevi DK. Prevalence and risk factors associated with malaria infection in children under two years of age in southern Togo prior to perennial malaria chemoprevention implementation. Malar J 2023; 22:357. [PMID: 37990324 PMCID: PMC10664264 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria remains the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in young children in sub-Saharan Africa. To prevent malaria in children living in moderate-to-high malaria transmission areas, the World Health Organization has recommended perennial malaria chemoprevention (PMC). Prior to piloting PMC implementation in southern Togo, a household survey was conducted to estimate malaria infection prevalence in children under 2 years of age (U2). METHODS A cross-sectional community-based household survey was conducted in the Haho district in the Togo Plateaux region. A three-stage random sampling method was used to select study participants aged 10-23 months whose caretakers gave informed consent. The prevalence of Plasmodium infection, defined as a positive rapid diagnostic test (RDT), was estimated with 95% confidence interval (CI). Clinical malaria was defined as having a positive RDT plus fever (≥ 37.5 °C) or history of fever in the last 24 h. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to assess the child's, caretaker's, and household's factors associated with malaria infection. RESULTS A total of 685 children were included in the survey conducted January-February in 2022 (dry season). Median age was 17 months (interquartile range: 13-21). About 80% of the children slept under a bed net the night before the interview. Malaria infection prevalence was 32.1% (95% CI 27.7-37.0) with significant area variation (cluster range: 0.0-73.3). Prevalence of clinical malaria was 15.4% (95% CI 12.2-19.2). Children whose caretakers were animist (aOR: 1.71, 95% CI 1.19-2.46) and those living in mother-headed households (aOR: 2.39, 95% CI 1.43-3.99) were more likely to have a positive RDT. Living more than 5 km away from the nearest health facility (aOR: 1.60, 95% CI 1.04-2.44) and presence of two or more under-5-years children in the household (aOR: 1.44, 95% CI 1.01-2.07) were also associated with increased risk of infection. CONCLUSION One-third of the children U2 who participated in this survey had malaria infection, thus PMC could be a promising strategy to reduce malaria burden in young children in Plateaux region. Reinforcement of outreach services and targeting the poorest households should be prioritized to reduce the inequity in malaria prevention in children exposed to the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shino Arikawa
- University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR 1219, Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) EMR 271, Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Martin Kouame Tchankoni
- Département de Santé Publique, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
- Centre Africain de Recherche en Epidémiologie et en Santé Publique (CARESP), Lomé, Togo
| | - Fifonsi A Gbeasor-Komlanvi
- Département de Santé Publique, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
- Centre Africain de Recherche en Epidémiologie et en Santé Publique (CARESP), Lomé, Togo
| | - Somiabalo P Atekpe
- Ministère de la Santé, de l'Hygiène Publique et de l'Accès Universel Aux Soins (MSHPAUS), District Sanitaire du Haho, Notsé, Togo
| | - Tinah Atcha-Oubou
- Ministère de la Santé, de l'Hygiène Publique et de l'Accès Universel aux Soins (MSHPAUS) Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme (PNLP), Lomé, Togo
| | - Antía Figueroa-Romero
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clinic‑University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Augustin E Fombah
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clinic‑University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | | | - Mohamed Samai
- College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
- Directorate of Research and Training, Ministry of Health, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Clara Menendez
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clinic‑University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Manhiça Health Research Center, Manhiça, Mozambique
| | - Raquel Gonzalez
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clinic‑University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Manhiça Health Research Center, Manhiça, Mozambique
| | - Valérie Briand
- University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR 1219, Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) EMR 271, Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Bordeaux, France
- Epicentre, Paris, France
| | - Didier K Ekouevi
- University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR 1219, Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) EMR 271, Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Bordeaux, France
- Département de Santé Publique, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
- Centre Africain de Recherche en Epidémiologie et en Santé Publique (CARESP), Lomé, Togo
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BAWE LD, KOTOSSO A, PATASSI AA, ABALTOU B, NAORA OP, MOUKAÏLA AR, DOULÉ O, WATÉBA MI. [Tetanus, an infectious disease still topical in Lome ( Togo)]. Med Trop Sante Int 2023; 3:mtsi.v3i3.2023.273. [PMID: 38094481 PMCID: PMC10714602 DOI: 10.48327/mtsi.v3i3.2023.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Tetanus still remains a public health problem in Togo despite the existence of the Expanded Program on Immunization. Patients and method A retrospective and descriptive cohort study was performed from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2018 in the infectious and tropical diseases department of Sylvanus Olympio teaching hospital of Lome (Togo) on tetanus cases. Results We included 208 tetanus cases accounting for 6.5% of the whole hospitalizations in the infectious and tropical diseases department at this hospital. The median age of the patients was 23 [13-38 years] with male predominance (81.2%). The patients were workers (63.5%) and came mainly from urban areas (65.9%). Tetanus vaccination was only up to date in 9.3% of patients. Gateways were dominated by skin wounds (66.8%). Antitetanus serum was administered in 191 patients (91.8%) mainly through intrathecal route (189 patients (91.1%)). Complications were marked by superinfection of the wound (n=8), septic shock (n=3), acute respiratory failure and skin necrosis in 1 case respectively. The lethality was 27.4%. Conclusion The morbidity of tetanus, in particular juvenile morbidity, remains high with significant lethality. It is therefore important to place particular emphasis on the vaccine booster component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidaw Déassoua BAWE
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, CHU Sylvanus Olympio, Lomé, Togo
| | - Awèréou KOTOSSO
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, CHU Sylvanus Olympio, Lomé, Togo
- Centre hospitalier des armées de Lomé, Togo
| | | | - Bawoubadi ABALTOU
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, CHU Sylvanus Olympio, Lomé, Togo
| | | | - Abdou-Razak MOUKAÏLA
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, CHU Sylvanus Olympio, Lomé, Togo
| | - Ohouzangbe DOULÉ
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, CHU Sylvanus Olympio, Lomé, Togo
| | - Majesté Ihou WATÉBA
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, CHU Sylvanus Olympio, Lomé, Togo
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FOMA W, AGODA PP, KOULETE D, AMANA E, ANANIDJIN G, BOKO SUR, PEGBESSOU EP, AMANA B, BOKO E. [Oto-rhino-laryngological and cervico-maxillofacial pathologies among hospitalized older patients: epidemiological, diagnostical and therapeutical aspects in Lomé, Togo]. Med Trop Sante Int 2023; 3:mtsi.v3i3.2023.336. [PMID: 38094486 PMCID: PMC10714601 DOI: 10.48327/mtsi.v3i3.2023.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Introduction In developing countries, 10% of the population is over 60 years old and this proportion is increasing rapidly. The general objective of this study was to describe the profile and management of the elderly subject aged 60 and over, hospitalized in the ENT (Ear, Nose and Throat) and Head/Neck surgery department of the Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital in Lomé, from 2012 to 2021. Method Retrospective descriptive study. After reviewing the files, selection of patients aged 60 and over, regardless of sex, and hospitalized for an ENT pathology from January 2012 to December 2021. Not included in our study were files of elderly subjects hospitalized but whose age was imprecise, or empty or very incomplete files. Results A total of 296 cases were included, representing 6.7% of the department's activities. The mean age of the patients was 72 ± 7.3 years with extremes of 60 and 95 years. The age group 6069 years represented 59.5%. The sex ratio M/F was 0.92. Infectious/inflammatory lesions were found in 138 patients (46.6%) including 38.9% of acute cellulitis of dental origin, and tumors were found in 135 patients (45.6%). Tumors were malignant in 59 patients (43.7%) and benign in 76 patients (56.3%). Thyroid was the site of 46 (60.5%) benign lesions and larynx of 29 (49.2%) malignant lesions. Poor oral hygiene, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, diabetes and the combination of smoking and alcohol were the factors favoring the occurrence of acute cellulitis of dental origin in 89.6%, 80.9%, 20.0% and 2.6% of cases respectively (p<0.001). The combination of smoking and alcohol was a factor favoring the occurrence of malignancy in 39% (p<0.001). Surgical treatment was performed in 234 patients (79.1%). With a case lethality rate of 21%, acute cellulitis of dental origin was the leading cause of death (p<0.001). Conclusion The most frequent pathologies of the ENT sphere in the elderly in our tropical context were infectious and tumoral, largely dominated by acute cellulitis of dental origin, thyroid adenoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. Despite the tendency to balance infectious and tumoral pathologies, the proportion of acute cellulitis of dental origin remains twice as high as that of malignant tumors. It contrasts with data from other sub-Saharan series where tumoral pathology remains predominant in the elderly. It is important to provide dental care assistance to the elderly and to advocate for the development of geriatrics and access to universal health coverage for the elderly in Togo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winga FOMA
- Service d'ORL et chirurgie cervico-maxillo-faciale du CHU Sylvanus Olympio de Lomé, Togo
| | | | - Débora KOULETE
- Service d'ORL et chirurgie cervico-maxillo-faciale du CHU Sylvanus Olympio de Lomé, Togo
| | - Essobiziou AMANA
- Service d'ORL et chirurgie cervico-maxillo-faciale du CHU Sylvanus Olympio de Lomé, Togo
| | - Gérémie ANANIDJIN
- Service d'ORL et chirurgie cervico-maxillo-faciale du CHU Sylvanus Olympio de Lomé, Togo
| | | | | | - Bathokédéou AMANA
- Service d'ORL et chirurgie cervico-maxillo-faciale du CHU Sylvanus Olympio de Lomé, Togo
| | - Essohanam BOKO
- Service d'ORL et chirurgie cervico-faciale du CHU Campus de Lomé, Togo
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Darré T, Sama B, Djiwa T, Afantodji-Agbeti WED, Bombone M, Kambote Y, Simgban P, M'Bortche BK, Douaguibe B, Amégbor K, Tchaou M, Aboubakari AS, Saka B, Napo-Koura G. Factors associated with vulvar cancer from 2005 to 2021 in Togo, sub-Saharan Africa. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:514. [PMID: 37752494 PMCID: PMC10521553 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02669-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND vulvar cancer, once predominantly diagnosed in older women, is increasingly being diagnosed in younger individuals, due to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Our study aimed to describe the epidemiological and histopathological aspects of vulvar cancer in Togo and its associated factors. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study, conducted on vulvar cancer cases histologically diagnosed at the Pathological Laboratory of Lomé over a period of 17-years (2005-2021). Parameters investigated included age, occupation, risk factors, sample nature, macroscopic tumor aspects, histological types, therapeutic intervenions, and prognostic outcomes. RESULTS A total of 32 cases of vulvar cancer were collected, yieding an annual frequency of 1.88 cases. The average age of the patients was 48±14.12 years with extremes of 27 years and 82 years. Housewives accounted for the largest proportion of cases (37.5%). Among the 32 cases, 27 had identifiable risk factors, with HPV infection being the most prevalentr (33.3%). The ulcero-budding aspect was most frequently observed, and squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histological type, with the majority being well differentiated (89.3%). Statistically significant associations were found between risk factors and histological types, risk factors and degrees of differentiation, as well as between histological types and good differentiation of vulvar cancers. The 3-year survival was estimated at 78.13%. CONCLUSION The incidence of vulvar cancer is increasing in Togo, particularly among young, primarily due to HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tchin Darré
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo.
| | - Bagassam Sama
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Toukilnan Djiwa
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | | | - Mayi Bombone
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Yendoubé Kambote
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Panakinao Simgban
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Bingo K M'Bortche
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Baguilane Douaguibe
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Koffi Amégbor
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Mazamaesso Tchaou
- Department of Imaging, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé and Kara, Lomé, Togo
| | | | - Bayaki Saka
- Department of Dermatology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Gado Napo-Koura
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
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13
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Dorkenoo AM, Phillips AE, Klein L, Lack F, Ataba E, Yakpa K, Tagba AE, Assoti BE, Sossou E, Tchalim M, Datagni G, Seim A, Milord MD, Kassankogno Y. Progress from morbidity control to elimination as a public health problem of schistosomiasis and the status of soil-transmitted helminth infection in Togo: a second impact assessment after ten rounds of mass drug administration. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:314. [PMID: 37667301 PMCID: PMC10478252 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05882-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the burden of schistosomiasis (SCH) and soil-transmitted helminths (STH), Togo Ministry of Health launched a program for Preventive Chemotherapy Neglected Tropical Diseases (PC-NTDs) in 2009, initiating integrated mass drug administration (MDA) the following year for the three PC-NTDs: SCH, STH and onchocerciasis. Significant reduction of infection across the country was noted in 2015 during the first impact assessment, following 5 years of high-coverage MDA implemented at the sub-district level for SCH and district level for STH. After another 5 years of effective MDA, a second survey was conducted in 2021 to re-evaluate the situation of SCH and STH. METHODS A cross-section of school-aged children was taken across ten districts of Togo. A total of 302 schools in 92 sub-districts were sampled, with 24 school-aged children per school resulting in 7248 children surveyed. Urine samples were tested by haemastix® for Schistosoma haematobium, with urine filtration for the presence of eggs conducted on haematuria-positive samples. Stool samples were collected in a subset of 34 sub-districts in seven out of the ten surveyed districts, where STH and Schistosoma mansoni endemicity was high during the 2015 impact assessment. Duplicate (two) Kato-Katz analysis was performed for each stool sample. Sociodemographic and school-level water, sanitation and hygiene information was also collected. RESULTS Overall, SCH prevalence was 5.90% (95% CI: 5.4-6.5), with 5.09% (95% CI: 4.64-5.67) for S. haematobium and 2.56% (95% CI: 1.98-3.29) for S. mansoni. STH prevalence was 19.7% (95% CI: 18.2-21.4), with 19.6% (95% CI: 18.1-21.3) hookworm, 0.08% (95% CI: 2.2-5.8) Trichuris trichiura and 0.04% (95% CI: 0.01-0.33) Ascaris lumbricoides. Compared to baseline, a significant reduction in both SCH (22.2% to 5.90%) and STH (29.2% t0 19.7%) prevalence was observed. Children aged 5-9 years were less infected than older peers aged 10-14 years: 4.76% vs. 7.53% (P < 0.01) for SCH and 17.2% vs. 23.0% (P < 0.01) for STH. CONCLUSIONS After 10 years of high coverage integrated MDA, Togo has achieved low prevalence SCH infection through the sub-district MDA implementation with considerable infection heterogeneity within sub-districts. As STH infection has not reached a level where the infections are not a public health problem, the sub-district treatment strategy could also be adopted in addition to improvement of treatment coverage among preschool age children and hygiene and sanitation practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameyo M Dorkenoo
- National Program for the Control of NTDs, Ministry of Health, Public Hygiene and Universal Health Coverage, Lomé, Togo.
- Department of Biological and Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo.
| | | | - Luke Klein
- Family Health International 360, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Fiali Lack
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sylvanus Olympio, Ministry of Health, Public Hygiene and Universal Health Coverage, Lomé, Togo
| | - Essoham Ataba
- Programme National de Lute Contre le Paludisme, Ministry of Health, Public Hygiene and Universal Health Coverage, Lomé, Togo
| | - Kossi Yakpa
- Programme National de Lute Contre le Paludisme, Ministry of Health, Public Hygiene and Universal Health Coverage, Lomé, Togo
| | - Atna-Edi Tagba
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sylvanus Olympio, Ministry of Health, Public Hygiene and Universal Health Coverage, Lomé, Togo
| | - Bozi-Esso Assoti
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sylvanus Olympio, Ministry of Health, Public Hygiene and Universal Health Coverage, Lomé, Togo
| | - Efoe Sossou
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sylvanus Olympio, Ministry of Health, Public Hygiene and Universal Health Coverage, Lomé, Togo
| | - Mawèké Tchalim
- National Program for the Control of NTDs, Ministry of Health, Public Hygiene and Universal Health Coverage, Lomé, Togo
| | | | - Anders Seim
- Health and Development International, Fjellstrand, Norway
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Essobiyou TB, Labou AK, Sakiye KA, Alassani F, Tchangai B. The place of presumptive diagnosis in the management of peritoneal tuberculosis: A case report from rural Togo. Int J Surg Case Rep 2023; 110:108655. [PMID: 37591195 PMCID: PMC10457525 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.108655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE Tuberculosis is a major public health problem in developing countries. Its main abdominal form is peritoneal. The diagnosis of this peritoneal form is complex and difficult. We describe the role of presumptive diagnosis in the management of this condition in Togo, based on a case study. CASE PRESENTATION A security guard with no previous pathological history was seen in consultation with febrile ascites. Investigations revealed the exudative and lymphocytic nature of the ascites. The other investigations did not reveal any other organic lesion, particularly hepatic, or the germ. This typical ascites picture had for us a strong diagnostic value in favour of a tubercular origin. The patient was treated with antituberculosis drugs for 6 months. The evolution was satisfactory. CLINICAL DISCUSSION The diagnosis of peritoneal tuberculosis is difficult. Biological explorations are rather disappointing in this approach. Laparoscopy coupled with histological examination represents the best means of diagnosing peritoneal tuberculosis to date. However, in developing countries, the absence of these resources poses a real problem. Clinical and biological arguments are always at the forefront of the diagnosis in endemic countries. The latter is based on the demonstration of febrile, exudative and lymphocytic ascites. CONCLUSION The difficult diagnosis of peritoneal tuberculosis coupled with the lack of technical facilities gives the presumptive diagnosis an important place in the management of this condition in endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamassi Bertrand Essobiyou
- General Surgery Department, Dapaong Regional Hospital Center, Dapaong, Togo; General Surgery Department, Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital Center, Lome, Togo.
| | - Albert Kossi Labou
- Neurosurgery Department, Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital Center, Lome, Togo
| | | | - Fousseni Alassani
- Visceral Surgery Department, Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital Center, Lome, Togo
| | - Boyodi Tchangai
- Visceral Surgery Department, Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital Center, Lome, Togo
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Essobiyou TB, Labou AK, Diendere PRC, Sakiye KA. Psoas primary abscess: A case report in an immunocompetent subject. Int J Surg Case Rep 2023; 110:108640. [PMID: 37591192 PMCID: PMC10436164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.108640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary psoas abscess is a rare disease characterised by a purulent collection in the thickness of the psoas muscle. Its incidence and etiopathogenesis are not well defined. It is mainly encountered in developing countries in weakened conditions. The involvement of an immunocompetent subject is exceptional. We report a case of primary psoas abscess in an immunocompetent patient in Togo. CASE PRESENTATION A 67-year-old retired teacher with no previous medical history was seen in the emergency room with acute and severe abdominal pain. The clinical examination revealed an infectious syndrome and a painful abdominal mass in the right iliac fossa. CT scan showed a heterogeneous fluid collection in the right psoas muscle. Surgical drainage was indicated and performed. The patient was treated postoperatively with dual antibiotics with a favourable outcome. No germs were isolated from the collection. CLINICAL DISCUSSION Rare infectious disease, its real incidence is unknown. The most common germ is staphylococcus aureus. Its etiopathogenesis is also poorly understood. Immune deficiency is a predisposing factor for the condition. Diagnosis of the disease is difficult due to a lack of specificity of the signs encountered. Imaging is the key to positive diagnosis with a high sensitivity of CT scan. Treatment is medical-surgical with drainage and antibiotic therapy. CONCLUSION Primary psoas abscess is a potentially serious disease requiring early diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Albert Kossi Labou
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Specialties, university of Lome, Togo
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Saka B, Mouhari-Toure A, Akakpo S, Teclessou J, Lauressergues E, Przybylski C, Gnossike P, Kassang P, Mahamadou G, Matel L, Barruet R, Akakpo C, Kombate K, Garrette B, Tchangai-Walla K, Pitche P. [Evaluation of the tele-expertise project in the management of common dermatoses in Togo]. Sante Publique 2023; 35:211-219. [PMID: 37558626 DOI: 10.3917/spub.232.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tele-expertise in dermatology represents an opportunity to change medical practice in response to the need for cost savings in the health sector. The aim of this study was to evaluate the medical activities of the pilot phase of the tele-expertise project in Togo. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted in October 2020 on the 20 sites of the pilot phase. This evaluation consisted of a literature review and analysis of data posted on the tele-expertise platform. RESULTS A total of 738 (10.8%) of the 6810 dermatological consultations were posted on the tele-expertise platform. Of the 738 cases, the dermatologist’s expertise did not allow a diagnosis to be made in 119 cases (16.1%). This expertise confirmed the single clinical hypothesis proposed by the health worker in 275 cases (37.3%) and allowed a diagnosis to be made among several clinical hypotheses in 30 cases (4.1%). On the contrary, the dermatologist’s diagnosis was not included in the health worker’s hypotheses in 201 cases (27.2%), and no clinical hypothesis was formulated in 113 cases (15.3%). The concordance between the clinical hypothesis proposed by the health worker and the diagnosis of the dermatologist was 48.8%. Regarding the acceptability of the tele-expertise, only one refusal was recorded. All patients were very satisfied with this practice. CONCLUSIONS The results show the feasibility and acceptability of tele-expertise by health care personnel and patients. The diagnostic concordance of 48.8% shows the relative efficiency of task delegation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayaki Saka
- Service de Dermato-vénéréologie, CHU Sylvanus Olympio, Université de Lomé – Togo
- Société Togolaise de Dermatologie (SOTODERM) – Lomé – Togo
| | - Abas Mouhari-Toure
- Société Togolaise de Dermatologie (SOTODERM) – Lomé – Togo
- Service de Dermato-vénéréologie, CHU Kara, Université de Kara – Togo
| | - Sefako Akakpo
- Service de Dermato-vénéréologie, CHU Sylvanus Olympio, Université de Lomé – Togo
- Société Togolaise de Dermatologie (SOTODERM) – Lomé – Togo
| | - Julienne Teclessou
- Société Togolaise de Dermatologie (SOTODERM) – Lomé – Togo
- Service de Dermato-vénéréologie, CHU Campus, Université de Lomé – Togo
| | | | | | - Piham Gnossike
- Société Togolaise de Dermatologie (SOTODERM) – Lomé – Togo
- Centre de Dermatologie de Gbossimé Lomé – Togo
| | - Panawé Kassang
- Service de Dermato-vénéréologie, CHU Sylvanus Olympio, Université de Lomé – Togo
- Société Togolaise de Dermatologie (SOTODERM) – Lomé – Togo
| | - Garba Mahamadou
- Société Togolaise de Dermatologie (SOTODERM) – Lomé – Togo
- Fondation Pierre Fabre – Lavaur – France
| | - Léa Matel
- Fondation Pierre Fabre – Lavaur – France
| | | | - Claude Akakpo
- Société Togolaise de Dermatologie (SOTODERM) – Lomé – Togo
- Hôpital dermatologique de Bamako – Mali
| | - Koussake Kombate
- Société Togolaise de Dermatologie (SOTODERM) – Lomé – Togo
- Service de Dermato-vénéréologie, CHU Campus, Université de Lomé – Togo
| | | | | | - Palokinam Pitche
- Service de Dermato-vénéréologie, CHU Sylvanus Olympio, Université de Lomé – Togo
- Société Togolaise de Dermatologie (SOTODERM) – Lomé – Togo
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Alidou S, Dahourou LD, Dah TTE, Sogo A, Kenao TS, Yehadji D, Meda N, Ekouevi DK. Unmet needs for modern contraceptive methods among sexually active adolescents and young women in Togo: a nationwide cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1169180. [PMID: 37575119 PMCID: PMC10412928 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1169180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The unmet need for modern contraceptives among sexually active adolescent and young women (AYW) in Africa contributes to high morbidity and mortality. To investigate the prevalence of unmet need for modern contraceptives and its associated factors among AYW in Togo, we performed a secondary analysis of data from the MICS-62017 survey. Method We extracted data from sexually active AYW aged 15-24 years for the analysis and used multi-level logistic regression models to identify factors associated with unmet need for modern contraceptives. Results Among the AYW, the median age was 20 years. The prevalence of unmet need for modern contraceptives was 27.02%. Factors that increased the likelihood of having unmet need for contraceptives included being in the "Poor" or "Middle" quintile of household wealth, aged 20-24 years, and completing primary or secondary education. Living in a household headed by a woman and having a household head aged 19-38, 39-58, or greater than 78 years decreased the likelihood of unmet need for modern contraceptives. Conclusion The study highlights the high-unmet need for modern contraceptives among sexually active AYW in Togo and emphasizes the importance of addressing individual and household/community factors to improve their sexual and reproductive health. Interventions such as increasing AYW awareness, providing social marketing campaigns in schools, and targeting men-headed households could help promote modern contraceptive use and improve the sexual and reproductive health of AYW in Togo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smaila Alidou
- Département de Santé Publique, Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Ministère de la Santé, Hygiène Publique et de l’Accès Universel aux Soins, Lomé, Togo
| | - Lucien Désiré Dahourou
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM, UMR1295), Centre d’épidémiologie et de Recherche en Santé des Populations (CERPOP), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Ter Tiero Elias Dah
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Université de Ouahigouya, Ouahigouya, Burkina Faso
| | - Armel Sogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Tchasso Serge Kenao
- Département de Promotion de la Santé, Institut Régionale de Santé Publique, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Dègninou Yehadji
- Ministère de la Santé, Hygiène Publique et de l’Accès Universel aux Soins, Lomé, Togo
| | - Nicolas Meda
- Département de Santé Publique, Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Didier Koumavi Ekouevi
- Département de Santé Publique, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé (FSS), Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
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Kota K, Chomienne MH, Geneau R, Yaya S. Socio-economic and cultural factors associated with the utilization of maternal healthcare services in Togo: a cross-sectional study. Reprod Health 2023; 20:109. [PMID: 37488593 PMCID: PMC10367352 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-023-01644-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proper utilization of maternal healthcare services plays a major role on pregnancy and birth outcomes. In sub-Saharan Africa, maternal and child mortality remains a major public health concern, especially in least developed countries such as Togo. In this study, we aimed to analyze factors associated with use of maternal health services among Togolese women aged 15-49 years. METHODS This study used data from third round of nationally representative Demographic and Health Survey conducted in Togo in 2013. Analysis included 4,631 women aged 15-49 years. Outcome variables were timely first antenatal care (ANC) visits, adequate ANC4 + visits, and health facility delivery. Data were analyzed using Stata version 16. RESULTS Overall, proportion of maternal healthcare utilization was 27.53% for timely first ANC visits, 59.99% for adequate ANC visits, and 75.66% for health facility delivery. Our multivariable analysis showed significant differences among women in highest wealth quintile, especially in rural areas with increasing odds of timely first ANC visits (Odds ratio (OR) = 3.46, 95% CI = 2.32,5.16), attending adequate ANC visits (OR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.48,3.24), and delivering in health facilities (OR = 8.53, 95% CI = 4.06, 17.92) compared to those in the poorest quintile. Also, women with higher education had increased odds of timely first ANC visits (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.11,1.69), and attending adequate ANC visits (OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.42,2.12) compared to those with no formal education. However, having higher parity and indigenous beliefs especially in rural areas decreased odds of using healthcare services. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study showed that socio-economic inequality and socio-cultural barriers influenced the use of maternal healthcare services in Togo. There is therefore a need to improve accessibility and the utilization of maternal healthcare services through women's economic empowerment and education to reduce the barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komlan Kota
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Marie-Hélène Chomienne
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Robert Geneau
- Applied Research Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sanni Yaya
- School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5 Canada
- The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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TÉCLESSOU JN, AKAKPO AS, DOKLA AK, AMOUSSOU DK, DEKU K, LIMAIE CA, Palokinam PITCHÉ V. [Stigmatization of people living with HIV in health care services in Togo]. Med Trop Sante Int 2023; 3:mtsi.v3i2.2023.260. [PMID: 37525681 PMCID: PMC10387313 DOI: 10.48327/mtsi.v3i2.2023.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The elimination of AIDS as a threat to public health implies comprehensive care for those tested in all health facilities and without discrimination/stigmatization. The aim of this study is to evaluate the problems of stigmatization and discrimination of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in health care facilities and their implications for access to care for PLHIV. Methodology This is a descriptive cross-sectional study in the 6 health regions of Togo targeting people aged 18 years and over, living with HIV. A hybrid sampling method combining a limited chain referral and a sampling based on the mapping of meeting places/activities was used. Data were collected using the digitized version 2.0 of the PLHIV Stigma Index questionnaire. Results A total of 1 119 PLHIV with a mean age of 39 years were included. The sex-ratio was 0.5, and 43.4% had known their HIV status for 1 to 4 years. In the last 12 months, the experiences of stigmatization reported by the PLHIV from health personnel were: gossip (13%), disclosure of status without consent (10%) or avoidance of physical contact (2.6%). In terms of reproductive health, 2.1% of respondents had been advised not to become fathers/mothers and 1.4% had their access to antiretroviral drugs (ARV) conditioned by the use of a contraceptive method. 28.4% of those on ARV had missed one dose of treatment in the last 12 months for fear that someone would find out they were HIV positive. Also, 39.5% of the respondents who were not on ARV justified this by the fear that health workers would treat them badly or reveal their HIV status without their consent. Conclusion In health care settings, this phenomenon of HIV-related stigma is multifaceted and deserves to be documented so that it can be taken into account in order to improve the quality of services offered to beneficiary populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abla Séfako AKAKPO
- Faculté des sciences de la santé, Université de Lomé, 08 B.P. 8615 Lomé, Togo
| | | | | | - Kodzo DEKU
- Conseil national de lutte contre le sida et les IST du Togo (CNLS-IST), Lomé, Togo
| | - Charles Abalo LIMAIE
- Conseil national de lutte contre le sida et les IST du Togo (CNLS-IST), Lomé, Togo
| | - Vincent Palokinam PITCHÉ
- Faculté des sciences de la santé, Université de Lomé, 08 B.P. 8615 Lomé, Togo
- Conseil national de lutte contre le sida et les IST du Togo (CNLS-IST), Lomé, Togo
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BISSA H, AMANA E, AMEGBLE KDJ, REOULEMBAYE DJIM H, FOMA W. [Necrotizing fasciitis of the posterior neck. A rare clinical form of head and neck cellulitis: a case report from Togo]. Med Trop Sante Int 2023; 3:mtsi.v3i2.2023.303. [PMID: 37525679 PMCID: PMC10387305 DOI: 10.48327/mtsi.v3i2.2023.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the case of a 75-year-old diabetic patient who presented with posterior cervical necrotizing fasciitis complicating cellulitis. Medical management in intensive care and surgical drainage were undertaken; sequential excision of the necrotic tissue left a large loss of substance of the nuchal region for which we opted for directed healing in the first instance. The definitive coverage of this loss of substance by locoregional rotation flap or by thin skin grafting was discussed. However, it was refused by the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haréfétéguéna BISSA
- Service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale, Centre hospitalier universitaire d'Aneho, Togo
| | - Essobiziou AMANA
- Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et chirurgie maxillo-faciale, Centre hospitalier universitaire Sylvanus Olympio de Lomé, Togo
| | - Koffi Dzidzo Jude AMEGBLE
- Service des brûlés, des plaies et de la cicatrisation, Centre hospitalier universitaire Sylvanus Olympio de Lomé, Togo
| | - Hervey REOULEMBAYE DJIM
- Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et chirurgie maxillo-faciale, Centre hospitalier universitaire Sylvanus Olympio de Lomé, Togo
| | - Winga FOMA
- Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et chirurgie maxillo-faciale, Centre hospitalier universitaire Sylvanus Olympio de Lomé, Togo
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Cheke RA, Post RJ, Boakye DA. Seasonal variations and other changes in the geographical distributions of different cytospecies of the Simulium damnosum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Togo and Benin. Acta Trop 2023:106970. [PMID: 37339715 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Simulium damnosum s.l., the most important vector of onchocerciasis in Africa, is a complex of sibling species described on the basis of differences in their larval polytene chromosomes. These (cyto) species differ in their geographical distributions, ecologies and epidemiological roles. In Togo and Benin, distributional changes have been recorded as a consequence of vector control and environmental changes (e.g. creation of dams, deforestation), with potential epidemiological consequences. We review the distribution of cytospecies in Togo and Benin and report changes observed from 1975 to 2018. The elimination of the Djodji form of S. sanctipauli in south-western Togo in 1988 seems to have had no long-term effects on the distribution of the other cytospecies, despite an initial surge by S. yahense. Although we report a general tendency for long-term stability in most cytospecies' distributions, we also assess how the cytospecies' geographical distributions have fluctuated and how they vary with the seasons. In addition to seasonal expansions of geographical ranges by all species except S. yahense, there are seasonal variations in the relative abundances of cytospecies within a year. In the lower Mono river, the Beffa form of S. soubrense predominates in the dry season but is replaced as the dominant taxon in the rainy season by S. damnosum s.str. Deforestation was previously implicated in an increase of savanna cytospecies in southern Togo (1975-1997), but our data had little power to support (or refute) suggestions of a continuing increase, partly because of a lack of recent sampling. In contrast, the construction of dams and other environmental changes including climate change seem to be leading to decreases in the populations of S. damnosum s.l. in Togo and Benin. If so, combined with the disappearance of the Djodji form of S. sanctipauli, a potent vector, plus historic vector control actions and community directed treatments with ivermectin, onchocerciasis transmission in Togo and Benin is much reduced compared with the situation in 1975.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Cheke
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich at Medway, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, Kent, UK
| | - Rory J Post
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AH, UK; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Daniel A Boakye
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, PO Box LG581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; The END fund, 2 Park Avenue, 28th Floor, New York, NY10016, USA
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Bokoumbo K, Berge S, Johnson KA, Yabi AJ, Yegbemey RN. Cooperatives and sustainability: The case of maize producers in the plateaux region of Togo. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17345. [PMID: 37389067 PMCID: PMC10300208 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed the influence of the producer's organizational form (individual or cooperative) on the three dimensions (economic, social and environmental) of sustainability in the Plateaux Region of Togo. An innovative approach called Deep Participatory Indicator-Based (DPIB) was used to target the analysis at the producer local level. The environmental sustainability score was above average for individual producers compared to cooperatives. Economic sustainability score is not related to the producer's organization form. Social sustainability was not dependent on the form of organization. The analyses led to participatory planning and actions based on three cooperative principles. Actions based on the seventh cooperative principle - Concern for Community - raise awareness among cooperators producers on the importance of carrying out social works, agro-ecological practices and sustainable agriculture for community members. The actions related to the fifth and sixth cooperative principles - Education, Training & Information and Cooperation among Cooperatives, strengthen the capacities of cooperatives on the need to seek higher quality markets and inform coops in the region about opportunities for combined marketing actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koudima Bokoumbo
- University of Parakou (UP), Doctoral School of Agronomic and Water Sciences (EDSAE), Department of Natural Resources Economics (ERN), Laboratory of Analysis and Research on Economic and Social Dynamics (LARDES), 400 BP: 668 Kara-Togo, Togo
| | - Simon Berge
- Dalhousie University, Department of Leadership and Organizations, Faculty of Management, 6100 University Avenue, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Kuawo Assan Johnson
- Catholic University of West Africa Academic Director, Educational and Research Directorate (DAPR), BP: 43 Kara-Togo, Togo
| | - Afouda Jacob Yabi
- University of Parakou, Doctoral School of Agronomic and Water Sciences, Laboratory of Analysis and Research on Economic and Social Dynamics, BP: 123 Parakou-Benin, Benin
| | - Rosaine Nerice Yegbemey
- Université de Parakou, Ecole Doctorale des Sciences Agronomiques et de L’Eau, Laboratoire D’Analyses et de Recherches sur Les Dynamiques Economiques et Sociales, BP: 123 Parakou-Bénin, Benin
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Bakai TA, Iwaz J, Takassi EO, Thomas A, Eboua TKF, Khanafer N, Kenao T, Goilibe KB, Sewu E, Voirin N. Disclosure of HIV status and adherence to antiretroviral treatment in children and adolescents from Lomé and Abidjan. Pan Afr Med J 2023; 45:13. [PMID: 37426461 PMCID: PMC10323812 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2023.45.13.26795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction in Africa, the proportion of minors with AIDS is ever increasing and adherence to treatment protocols is still suboptimal. The study investigated the conditions of HIV status disclosure and adherence to treatment in patients < 19 in two West African cities. Methods in 2016, thirteen health professionals and four parents filled out questionnaires to identify problems and solutions relative to disclosure of HIV status and adherence to treatment in 208 children and adolescents seen at University Hospitals in Abidjan (Ivory Coast) and Lomé (Togo). Results medians (extrema) of patients´ ages at start and end of status disclosure process were 10 (8-13) and 15 (13-17.5) years. In 61% of cases, disclosure was made individually after preparation sessions. The main difficulties were: parents´ disapproval, skipped visits, and rarity of psychologists. The solutions proposed were: recruiting more full-time psychologists, improving personnel training, and promoting patients´ "clubs". One out of three respondents was not satisfied with patients´ adherence to treatments. The major reasons were: intake frequencies, frequent omissions, school constraints, adverse effects, and lack of perceived effect. Nevertheless, 94% of the respondents confirmed the existence of support groups, interviews with psychologists, and home visits. To improve adherence, the respondents proposed increasing the number of support groups, sustaining reminder phone calls and home visits, and supporting therapeutic mentoring. Conclusion despite persisting disclosure and adherence problems, appropriate measures already put into practice still need to be taken further, especially through engaging psychologists, training counsellors, and promoting therapeutic support groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tchaa Abalo Bakai
- Centre Africain de Recherche en Épidémiologie et en Santé Publique (CARESP), Lomé, Togo
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pôle Santé Publique, Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Équipe Biostatistique-Santé, Villeurbanne, France
- Epidemiology and Modelling (EPIMOD), Dompierre-sur-Veyle, France
| | - Jean Iwaz
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pôle Santé Publique, Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Équipe Biostatistique-Santé, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Elom Ounoo Takassi
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sylvanus Olympio, Service de Pédiatrie, Lomé, Togo
| | - Anne Thomas
- Centre Africain de Recherche en Épidémiologie et en Santé Publique (CARESP), Lomé, Togo
- Epidemiology and Modelling (EPIMOD), Dompierre-sur-Veyle, France
| | - Tanoh Kassi François Eboua
- Centre de Traitement Ambulatoire Pédiatrique (CTAP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Yopougon, Abidjan, Côte d´Ivoire
| | - Nagham Khanafer
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Édouard Herriot, Service d´Hygiène, Épidémiologie et Prévention, Lyon, France
| | - Tchasso Kenao
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sylvanus Olympio, Service de Pédiatrie, Lomé, Togo
| | | | - Esseboe Sewu
- Centre Africain de Recherche en Épidémiologie et en Santé Publique (CARESP), Lomé, Togo
| | - Nicolas Voirin
- Epidemiology and Modelling (EPIMOD), Dompierre-sur-Veyle, France
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Essobiyou TB, Labou KA, Kouevi-Koko TE, Diendere PRC, Dosseh ED. Poland syndrome: Fortuitous discovery of a familial case in Togo. Int J Surg Case Rep 2023; 106:108281. [PMID: 37150158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.108281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE Poland syndrome is a rare malformative disease. It is characterized by agenesis or hypoplasia of the pectoralis major muscle associated or not with a malformation of the ipsilateral thoracic limb. The authors report the fortuitous discovery of a familial case of Poland syndrome in Togo. CASE PRESENTATION He was a 25-year-old young man, with no known pathological history, examined as part of a physical fitness assessment and who presented with thoracic asymmetry. The clinical and radiological explorations made it possible to conclude to a Poland syndrome in its minor form without any other associated malformation. In addition, three other paternal uncles of the patient presented with the same clinical symptomatology. In the absence of a clear indication, the patient received no treatment. CLINICAL DISCUSSION Poland syndrome is a rare congenital malformation. The abnormalities encountered are cutaneous-glandular, osteo-cartilaginous and muscular. The etiopathogenesis of the disease is unknown. The diagnosis is clinical and is based on the demonstration of agenesis of the pectoralis major muscle. The disease does not often lead to functional discomfort; therefore the treatment is not systematic and has only aesthetic value. CONCLUSION A rare congenital disease, Poland syndrome can occur sporadically or in families. Its treatment depends above all on the psychological repercussion of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kossi Albert Labou
- Neurosurgery Department, Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital Center, Lome, Togo
| | | | | | - Ekoue David Dosseh
- General Surgery Department, Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital Center, Lome, Togo
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Kenao TS, Sossa JC, Paraiso MN, Belo M, Sopoh GE, Tchankoni KM, Agueh V. Sodium, potassium food intake and global cardiovascular risks in Togo. J Public Health Afr 2023; 14:2301. [PMID: 37441118 PMCID: PMC10334439 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2023.2301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess urinary sodium/potassium intake and identify its links with global cardiovascular risk (GCVR) according to the WHOPEN approach to WHO/ISH (International High Blood Pressure Society). Methods It was a cross-sectional and analytical study that took place from July 6, 2020, to September 17, 2021, in Togo, in the Aneho, Notse and Dapaong localities. It focused on 400 adults selected by sampling. The analysis of two urine samples was done. Cardiovascular risk scores were determined from specific graphs that take into account age, gender, systolic blood pressure, diabetes status, and smoking behavior. Results Among the 400 respondents, 49% lived in rural areas. The average age was 41 (30; 51) years. The average sodium and potassium intakes were respectively 3.2 g (1.04-5.99) or 7.95 g of salt and 1.4 g (1.89-5.62) per day. The risk of excessive sodium intake was 2.39 times higher in urban areas than in rural ones (P=0.049). Residing in rural areas was associated with high potassium intakes compared to urban ones [OR=3,2 IC (1.89-5.62)]. Thirteen percent (13%) of respondents were likely to develop at least a deadly or non-deadly cardiovascular disease in the next 10 years 'time, of whom 5% present a high risk. Excessive sodium intake increases by 2.10 times the risk of a deadly cardiovascular disease occurrence. Conclusions Sodium intakes are high while potassium intakes are low with a subsequent GCVR in the three cities. Sodium intakes were associated with GCVR. It is necessary to take steps to reduce excessive sodium intake and improve potassium intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tchasso Serge Kenao
- Health Promotion Department, Regional Institute of Public Health, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Jerome Charles Sossa
- Health Promotion Department, Regional Institute of Public Health, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Moussiliou Noël Paraiso
- Health Promotion Department, Regional Institute of Public Health, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Mofou Belo
- University of Lomé, Faculty of Medicine, Togo
| | - Ghislain Emmanuel Sopoh
- Department of Policy and Health Policy, Regional Institute of Public Health, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | | | - Victoire Agueh
- Health Promotion Department, Regional Institute of Public Health, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin
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Sadio AJ, Ferré VM, Konu RY, Dagnra AC, Descamps D, Ekouevi DK, Charpentier C. High SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among street adolescents in Lomé, Togo, 2021. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:200. [PMID: 37013507 PMCID: PMC10069360 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is almost no data on the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 among street adolescents. We conducted a study to document the immunization status of street adolescents in Togo against different variants of SARS-CoV-2. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2021 in Lomé, the city with the highest number of COVID 19 cases in Togo (60%). Adolescents aged 13- and 19 years old living on the street were eligible for inclusion. A standardized questionnaire was administered face-to-face to adolescents. A sample of blood was taken and aliquots of plasma were transported to the virology laboratory of the Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard (Paris, France). SARS-CoV-2 anti-S and anti-N IgG were measured using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. A quantitative miniaturized and parallel-arranged ELISA assay was used to detect IgG antibodies specifically directed against the different SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern (VOC). RESULTS A total of 299 street adolescents (5.2% female), median age 15 years, interquartile range (14-17 years), were included in this study. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 63.5% (95%CI: 57.8-69.0). Specific-IgG against the ancestral Wuhan strain was developed by 92.0% of subjects. The proportion of patients being immunized against each VOC was 86.8%, 51.1%, 56.3%, 60.0, and 30.5% for the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron VOCs, respectively. CONCLUSION This study showed a very high prevalence with approximately 2/3 of Togolese street adolescents having antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 due to a previous infection. These results confirm an under-reporting of COVID-19 cases in Togo, questioning the hypothesis of low virus circulation in Togo and even in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Junior Sadio
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, University of Lomé, Center for Training and Research in Public Health, Lomé, Togo
- African Center for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CARESP), Lomé, Togo
- Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Bordeaux Population Health Centre, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Valentine Marie Ferré
- Paris Cité University and Sorbonne Paris Nord University, IAME, Inserm, Paris, F-75018, France
- Virology Unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, F-75018, France
| | - Rodion Yao Konu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, University of Lomé, Center for Training and Research in Public Health, Lomé, Togo
- African Center for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CARESP), Lomé, Togo
- Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Bordeaux Population Health Centre, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Diane Descamps
- Paris Cité University and Sorbonne Paris Nord University, IAME, Inserm, Paris, F-75018, France
- Virology Unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, F-75018, France
| | - Didier Koumavi Ekouevi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, University of Lomé, Center for Training and Research in Public Health, Lomé, Togo.
- African Center for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CARESP), Lomé, Togo.
- Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Bordeaux Population Health Centre, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Charlotte Charpentier
- Paris Cité University and Sorbonne Paris Nord University, IAME, Inserm, Paris, F-75018, France
- Virology Unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, F-75018, France
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Darré T, Tchandikou L, Simgban P, Bombone M, Djiwa T, N’Timon B, Sama B, Ketevi A, Douaguibe B, N’Bortche BK, Seddoh Y, Tchaou M, Napo-Koura G. Factors associated with late diagnosis of breast cancer in women in Togo, Sub-Saharan Africa. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:106. [PMID: 36918873 PMCID: PMC10012487 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with late diagnosis of breast cancer in Togolese women. METHODS We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study with descriptive and analytical purposes on cases of breast cancer in women in 2021, in Togo. The patients included in this study were women followed in the gynecology department for stages III and IV breast cancer. RESULTS We included 62 cases of breast cancer. The average age of the patients was 38.6 ± 12.5 years with extremes of 17 and 76 years. The breast nodule was the most common reason for consultation in 75.8% of cases. The histological types diagnosed were invasive carcinoma of non-specific type (58; 93.55%), mucinous carcinoma (3; 4.84%) and lobular carcinoma (1; 1.61%). For the stage of the cancer, 43 patients were stage III (69.4%) and 19 stage IV (30.6%). In multivariate analysis, the factors associated with late diagnosis of breast cancer were: fear of diagnosis (aOR = 1.29; p = 0.0014), long delay in diagnosis (aOR = 2.62; p = 0.0001) and failure to perform breast self-examination (aOR = 1.68; p = 0.0022). CONCLUSION The fear of the diagnosis, the absence of self-examination of the breasts and the use of traditional treatment and self-medication in first intention constituted the essential factors of the late diagnosis of breast cancer. Strategies should be put in place at the national level to impact on these factors for an early diagnosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tchin Darré
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
- grid.12364.320000 0004 0647 9497Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lomé, BP 1515, Lomé, Togo
| | - Lantam Tchandikou
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Panakinao Simgban
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Mayi Bombone
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Toukilnan Djiwa
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Bidamin N’Timon
- Department of Imaging, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé and Kara, Lomé, Togo
| | - Bagassam Sama
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Ayoko Ketevi
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Baguilane Douaguibe
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Bingo K. N’Bortche
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Yao Seddoh
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Mazamaesso Tchaou
- Department of Imaging, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé and Kara, Lomé, Togo
| | - Gado Napo-Koura
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
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Kouevi-Koko TE, Amouzou KS, Sogan A, Apeti S, Dakey YEL, Abalo A. Lower extremity amputations (LEAs) in a tertiary hospital in Togo: a retrospective analysis of clinical, biological, radiological, and therapeutic aspects. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:155. [PMID: 36864481 PMCID: PMC9979402 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03628-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We analysed the clinical, biological, radiological profiles, and therapeutic patterns of the patients who underwent a surgical lower extremity amputation (LEA) in Togo from 2010 to 2020. METHODS Retrospective analysis of clinical files of adult patients who underwent an LEA at a single centre (Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital) from 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2020. Data were analysed by CDC Epi Info Version 7 and Microsoft Office Excel 2013 software. RESULTS We included 245 cases. The mean age was 59.62 years (15.22 SD) (range: 15-90 years). The sex ratio was 1.99. The medical history of diabetes mellitus (DM) was found in 143/222 (64.41%) files. The amputation level found in 241/245 (98.37%) files was the leg in 133/241 (55.19%) patients, the knee in 14/241 (5.81%), the thigh in 83/241 (34.44%), and the foot in 11/241 (4.56%). The 143 patients with DM who underwent LEA had infectious and vascular diseases. Patients with previous LEAs were more likely to have the same limb affected than the contralateral one. The odds of trauma as an indication for LEA were twice as high in patients younger than 65 years compared to the older (OR = 2.095, 95% CI = 1.050-4.183). The mortality rate after LEA was 17/238 (7.14%). There was no significant difference between age, sex, presence or absence of DM, and early postoperative complications (P = 0.77; 0.96; 0.97). The mean duration of hospitalization marked in 241/245 (98.37%) files was 36.30 (1-278) days (36.20 SD). Patients with LEAs due to trauma had a significantly longer hospital admission than those with non-traumatic indications, F (3,237) = 5.505, P = 0.001. CONCLUSIONS Compared to previous decades, from 2010 to 2020, the average incidence of LEAs for all causes at Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital (Lomé, Togo) decreased while the percentage of patients with DM who underwent LEAs increased. This setting imposes a multidisciplinary approach and information campaigns to prevent DM, cardiovascular diseases, and relative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. E. Kouevi-Koko
- grid.12364.320000 0004 0647 9497Burn and Wound Healing Unit, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo ,Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital, Lomé, Togo
| | - K. S. Amouzou
- grid.12364.320000 0004 0647 9497Burn and Wound Healing Unit, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - A. Sogan
- grid.12364.320000 0004 0647 9497Department of General Surgery, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo ,grid.12364.320000 0004 0647 9497Laboratory of Human Anatomy, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - S. Apeti
- grid.12364.320000 0004 0647 9497Department of Geriatrics, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Y. E. L. Dakey
- grid.12364.320000 0004 0647 9497Burn and Wound Healing Unit, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo ,grid.12364.320000 0004 0647 9497General Surgery, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - A. Abalo
- grid.12364.320000 0004 0647 9497Traumatology-Orthopaedics Department, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
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Ferré VM, Bitty-Anderson AM, Peytavin G, Lê MP, Dagnra CA, Coppée R, Gbeasor-Komlanvi FA, Descamps D, Charpentier C, Ekouevi DK. Pharmaco-virological algorithm to target risk of drug resistance among a population of HIV-infected key populations in Togo. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28535. [PMID: 36708093 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
No data about antiretroviral (ARV) treatment coverage and virological response are available among key populations (female sex workers [FSW] and Men having Sex with Men [MSM]) in Togo. This study aimed to both describe Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) immunovirological status and evaluate the pertinence of an original algorithm combining pharmacology (PK) and viral load (VL) to identify subjects at risk of ARV drug resistance. A cross-sectional multicentric study was conducted in 2017 in Togo. Our PK-virological algorithm (PK-VA) defines subjects at risk of resistance when exhibiting both detectable plasma drug concentrations and VL > 200 c/mL. Among the 123 FSW and 136 MSM included, 50% and 66% were receiving ARV, with 69% and 80% of them successfully-treated, respectively. Genotypes showed drug-resistance mutation in 58% and 63% of nonvirologically controlled (VL > 200 c/mL) ARV-treated FSW and MSM, respectively. PK-VA would have enabled to save 75% and 72% of genotypic tests, for FSW and MSM, respectively. We reported first data about HIV care cascade among key populations in Togo, highlighting they are tested for HIV but linkage to care remains a concern. Furthermore, 70%-80% of ARV-treated participants experienced virological success. In limited resources settings, where genotyping tests are beyond reach, PK-VA might be an easiest solution to sort out patients needing ARV adaptation due to resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine M Ferré
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMR_1137, IAME, Paris, France.,Service de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra M Bitty-Anderson
- Centre Africain de Recherche en Epidémiologie et en Santé Publique (CARESP), Lomé, Togo.,National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gilles Peytavin
- Service de Pharmacologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Minh P Lê
- Service de Pharmacologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France.,Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Claver A Dagnra
- Université de Lomé, Centre de Biologie Moléculaire et d'Immunologie, Lomé, Togo.,Programme national de lutte contre le sida et les infections sexuellement transmissibles, Lomé, Togo
| | - Romain Coppée
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMR_1137, IAME, Paris, France
| | - Fifonsi A Gbeasor-Komlanvi
- Centre Africain de Recherche en Epidémiologie et en Santé Publique (CARESP), Lomé, Togo.,Département de Santé Publique, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Diane Descamps
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMR_1137, IAME, Paris, France.,Service de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Charpentier
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMR_1137, IAME, Paris, France.,Service de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Didier K Ekouevi
- Centre Africain de Recherche en Epidémiologie et en Santé Publique (CARESP), Lomé, Togo.,National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Département de Santé Publique, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
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Darré T, Djiwa T, Kogoe RML, Eklu KE, Alassani F, Simgban P, Bombone M, Sama B, Tchangai B, Bagny A, Napo-Koura G. Factors Associated With Esophagus Cancers in Togo, Sub-Saharan Africa. Clin Pathol 2023; 16:2632010X231195238. [PMID: 37655069 PMCID: PMC10467178 DOI: 10.1177/2632010x231195238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Esophagus cancer is cancer of poor prognosis, of often late diagnosis. The objective of this study was to describe the factors associated with esophagus cancers in the Togolese population. Methods It was a retrospective descriptive, cross-sectional study, on esophagus cancers histologically diagnosed at the Pathological Laboratory of Lomé over a period of 31 years (1990-2021). Results We have collected 144 cases of esophagus cancer. The average age of patients was 57 ± 12 years, and the sex ratio was 2.34. The most applicant service was the service of Hepato Gastroenterology of CHU Campus (30.6%). Alcohol (57.6%), tobacco (45.8%) were the most present risk factors. Biopsies were the most addressed (97.2%). The average duration of symptom evolution was 6.42 months and the main symptom at the time of diagnosis was dysphagia (36.8%). The location of cancer was the lower third for 71.5% of cases. At histology, epidermoid carcinoma was the dominant type (90.3%). Male sex was statistically associated with the occurrence of epidermoid carcinoma and female sex with the occurrence of adenocarcinoma (P < .001). Alcohol, smoking, and consumption of hot foods were statistically associated with the occurrence of epidermoid carcinoma in this study (P < .05). Conclusion Esophagus cancer remains a serious condition for late diagnosis. These are mainly epidermoid carcinomas and having alcohol and tobacco as risk factors. The awareness of the population on the main risk factors would reduce the incidence of oesophagus cancers within the Togolese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tchin Darré
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Toukilnan Djiwa
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | | | - Kodjo Eugene Eklu
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Fousseni Alassani
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Teaching Hospital, Lome, Togo
| | - Panakinao Simgban
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Mayi Bombone
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Bagassam Sama
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Boyodi Tchangai
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Teaching Hospital, Lome, Togo
| | - Aklesso Bagny
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Teaching Hospital, Lome, Togo
| | - Gado Napo-Koura
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
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Bakai TA, Thomas A, Iwaz J, Atcha-Oubou T, Tchadjobo T, Khanafer N, Rabilloud M, Voirin N. Effectiveness of seasonal malaria chemoprevention in three regions of Togo: a population-based longitudinal study from 2013 to 2020. Malar J 2022; 21:400. [PMID: 36587191 PMCID: PMC9804945 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04434-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2012, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) in areas of high seasonal transmission. Though implemented since 2013, the effectiveness of SMC in Togo was never evaluated. METHODS This study concerned routine data from 2013 to 2020 mass SMC campaigns for children under five in all health facilities of three Regions of Togo. Treatment coverage, reasons for non-treatment, and SMC-attributable adverse reactions were analysed per year and treatment round. Random effect logistic models estimated SMC effectiveness per health district, year, and treatment round. RESULTS The overall coverage was 98% (7,971,877 doses for 8,129,668 children). Contraindication was the main reason for non-administration. Over the study period, confirmed malaria cases decreased from 11,269 (1st round of 2016) to 1395 (4th round of 2020). Only 2,398 adverse reactions were reported (prevalence: 3/10,000), but no severe Lyell syndrome or Stevens-Johnson-type skin reaction. Compared to 2016, malaria prevalence decrease was estimated at 22.6% in 2017 (p < 0.001) and 75% in 2020 (p < 0.001). SMC effectiveness ranged from 76.6% (2nd round) to 96.2% (4th round) comparison with the 1st round. CONCLUSIONS SMC reduced significantly malaria cases among children under five. The results reassure all actors and call for effort intensification to reach the WHO goals for 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tchaa A. Bakai
- grid.25697.3f0000 0001 2172 4233Université de Lyon, Lyon, France ,grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Université Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France ,grid.413852.90000 0001 2163 3825Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique, Pôle Santé Publique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France ,grid.462854.90000 0004 0386 3493Équipe Biostatistique-Santé, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, CNRS UMR 5558, 69100 Villeurbanne, France ,EPIMOD (Epidemiology and Modelling in Infectious Diseases), 01240 Lent, France ,Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme (PNLP), 01 BP 518, Lomé, Togo ,grid.412180.e0000 0001 2198 4166Service d’Hygiène, Épidémiologie et Prévention, Hôpital Édouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Anne Thomas
- grid.25697.3f0000 0001 2172 4233Université de Lyon, Lyon, France ,grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Université Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France ,grid.413852.90000 0001 2163 3825Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique, Pôle Santé Publique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France ,grid.462854.90000 0004 0386 3493Équipe Biostatistique-Santé, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, CNRS UMR 5558, 69100 Villeurbanne, France ,EPIMOD (Epidemiology and Modelling in Infectious Diseases), 01240 Lent, France
| | - Jean Iwaz
- grid.25697.3f0000 0001 2172 4233Université de Lyon, Lyon, France ,grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Université Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France ,grid.413852.90000 0001 2163 3825Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique, Pôle Santé Publique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France ,grid.462854.90000 0004 0386 3493Équipe Biostatistique-Santé, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, CNRS UMR 5558, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Tinah Atcha-Oubou
- Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme (PNLP), 01 BP 518, Lomé, Togo
| | - Tchassama Tchadjobo
- Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme (PNLP), 01 BP 518, Lomé, Togo
| | - Nagham Khanafer
- grid.412180.e0000 0001 2198 4166Service d’Hygiène, Épidémiologie et Prévention, Hôpital Édouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Muriel Rabilloud
- grid.25697.3f0000 0001 2172 4233Université de Lyon, Lyon, France ,grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Université Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France ,grid.413852.90000 0001 2163 3825Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique, Pôle Santé Publique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France ,grid.462854.90000 0004 0386 3493Équipe Biostatistique-Santé, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, CNRS UMR 5558, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nicolas Voirin
- EPIMOD (Epidemiology and Modelling in Infectious Diseases), 01240 Lent, France
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Darré T, Djiwa T, Kpatcha TM, Padja E, Napo-Koura G, DARRE T. Prostate cancers in men under the age of 50: about a series in Togo, Sub-Saharan Africa. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1341. [PMID: 36544122 PMCID: PMC9773477 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10425-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is a public health problem and increasingly diagnosed in men under 50 years of age. This cancer occurs much more in subjects of advanced age, generally over sixty. The aim of the study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and histopathological aspects of prostate cancer in men under the age of 50 in Togo. METHODS It was a retrospective descriptive, cross-sectional study of histologically confirmed cases of prostate cancer in young adults at the Pathological Laboratory of Lomé over a period of 10 years (2011-2020). RESULTS In total, 29 cases of prostate cancer in patients under 50 years of age. The proportion of prostate cancers in men under 50 was 0.7% of all prostate cancers, The average age of the patients was 45 years with extremes of 35 and 49 years. Twelve patients had a family history of prostate cancer, with a statistically significant relationship between the existence of a family history of prostate cancer and the age of onset of the cancer (p-value = 0.03). The dominant clinical information was prostatic hypertrophy (40.37%), followed by acute urine retention (20.69%) and micturition disorders (17.27%). The median Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) was 188 ng/ml with extremes of 20 ng/ml and 2100 ng/ml. A large proportion of patients had a PSA between 100 and 500 ng/ml. Histologically, they were all prostatic acinar adenocarcinomas. These adenocarcinomas were well differentiated (48%) and moderately differentiated (38%). The predominant histoprognostic grade was ISUP (International Society of Urological Pathology) grade 1 which was noted in 65.52%, followed by grade 2 in 20.69%. CONCLUSION Prostate cancer in men under 50 years of age is relatively rare in Togo, sometimes occurring in the context of a family history of prostate cancer. Hence the importance of raising awareness among the male population, especially with a family history of prostate cancer, to start screening early, around the age of 40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tchin Darré
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Toukilnan Djiwa
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | | | - Essodina Padja
- Department of Urology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé and Kara, Lomé, Togo
| | - Gado Napo-Koura
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Tchin DARRE
- grid.12364.320000 0004 0647 9497Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lomé, BP 1515, Lomé, Togo
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Djahini-Afawoubo DM, Aguey ST. Mandatory health insurance and health care utilization in Togo. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:1520. [PMID: 36517830 PMCID: PMC9749215 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08942-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the implementation of a mandatory health insurance (MHI) scheme in Togo since 2011, its coverage rate remains low, resulting in a high out-of-pocket payment rate. More than 10 years after its implementation, there are few empirical studies investigating the extent to which Togo's mandatory health insurance has improved beneficiaries' access to health care. Examining how MHI and healthcare use in Togo are related is the goal of this study. METHODS We use data from the Harmonized Survey on Living Conditions of Households (EHCVM), conducted in the member states of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) in 2018-2019 and covering 6,171 households in Togo. We employ multinomial logistic regression, given that the dependent variable is polytomous. RESULTS The results reveal a high rate of non-utilization of healthcare professionals in the case of illness, even among individuals with MHI coverage. Furthermore, the findings show that the MHI increases the likelihood of seeing a specialist physician and other formal health care professionals when sick. The results also reveal that a household's wealth is positively correlated with the likelihood of seeing formal health care professionals. Urban residents are statistically and significantly more likely than rural residents to see both a specialist physician and a general practitioner. The Grand Lomé region has a statistically and significantly higher likelihood of seeing a specialist physician than the Maritime region. CONCLUSION The results support the government's plan to implement universal health insurance. The government should take action to raise the standard of treatment provided to insured patients in health care centers. Additionally, the government should consider waiving medical fees for low-income policyholders. When waiving medical costs for low-income policyholders, the Togolese government should focus on the regions with the worst economic conditions. These interventions should be essential to ensure that no one is left behind. The difference between urban and rural communities should be reduced through supply-side policies that focus on rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Segnon T. Aguey
- grid.12364.320000 0004 0647 9497Department of Economics, The University of Lomé, PO Box: 1515, Lomé, Togo
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Pelenguei E, Pilo M. Effect of wealth inequality on child and infant mortality in Togo. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:1499. [PMID: 36482465 PMCID: PMC9733086 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08912-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
At birth, individual has a health capital that depends on family, environmental and personal characteristics which depreciates over time requiring investment. It's in this sense that this article aims to analyze the effect of wealth inequality on infant and child mortality in Togo. This effect is accessed by a semi-parametric proportional hazard duration model of Cox. According to the model estimation which is based on data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) carried out in Togo in 2017, the results obtained show in one hand that coming from a less wealthy household increases the risk of death for children. On other hand, the results show that the possession of a source of drinking water, the possession of health insurance by the mother, and the mastery of the use of new information technologies and communication reduce the risk of infant and child mortality. In view of these results, policies to reduce wealth inequalities could help reduce the risk of infant and child mortality in proportions ranging from 0.075 to 0.264.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essohanam Pelenguei
- grid.12364.320000 0004 0647 9497Centre de Recherche en Economie Appliquée Et Management Des Organisations (CREAMO), University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Mikémina Pilo
- grid.442491.e0000 0004 0647 9518Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Economiques Et de Gestion (LaRSEG), University of Kara, Kara, Togo
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Konu YR, Condé S, Gbeasor-Komlanvi F, Sadio AJ, Tchankoni MK, Anani J, Bitty-Anderson A, Mirindi BR, Diallo FBT, MIjiyawa M, Dagnra AC, Ekouevi DK. SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in Togo: a national cross-sectional household survey, May-June, 2021. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2294. [PMID: 36476149 PMCID: PMC9730644 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14794-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extent of SARS-CoV-2 circulation in African countries is still unclear. Seroprevalence studies are a common approach to epidemiological surveillance, allowing estimation of the proportion of people who have had contact with the virus. We aimed at estimating the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and associated factors in Togo at the national level in 2021 according to age groups, gender, and place of residence (rural or urban). METHODS From 15 May to 31 June 2021, we conducted a nationally representative cross-sectional serological survey in 12 health districts (two districts per health region) in the > 5 years old population in Togo. The Wantai SARS-CoV-2 total antibody assay S protein receptor-binding domain-based ELISA (Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise Co.; Beijing, China) was used to determine the presence of SARS-CoV-2 total antibodies in plasma. Crude and weighted seroprevalences (weighted by age, sex and place of residence) were calculated and then weighted seroprevalences were adjusted according to sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA test. Finally, logistic regression models were performed in order to describe factors associated. RESULTS Of the 7593 participants, the overall weighted and adjusted seroprevalence of total anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 65.5% (CI95%: 18.9-21.1). Urban dwellers, young adults (30-49 years) and vaccinated individuals were significantly more likely to be seropositive. CONCLUSION The high seroprevalence we observed is consistent with observations across West Africa. Quantification of the level of immunity in the population is needed to know how close we are to herd immunity. In the meantime, vaccination against the COVID-19 remains necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Rodion Konu
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XBordeaux Population Health Centre, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Bordeaux, France ,grid.12364.320000 0004 0647 9497Département de Santé Publique, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo ,grid.12364.320000 0004 0647 9497Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Santé Publique (CFRSP), Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo ,grid.512663.5Centre Africain de Recherche en Epidémiologie et en Santé Publique (CARESP), Lomé, Togo
| | - Siaka Condé
- Togo Office, World Health Organization (WHO), Lomé, Togo
| | - Fifonsi Gbeasor-Komlanvi
- grid.12364.320000 0004 0647 9497Département de Santé Publique, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo ,grid.12364.320000 0004 0647 9497Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Santé Publique (CFRSP), Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo ,grid.512663.5Centre Africain de Recherche en Epidémiologie et en Santé Publique (CARESP), Lomé, Togo
| | - Arnold Junior Sadio
- grid.12364.320000 0004 0647 9497Département de Santé Publique, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo ,grid.12364.320000 0004 0647 9497Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Santé Publique (CFRSP), Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo ,grid.512663.5Centre Africain de Recherche en Epidémiologie et en Santé Publique (CARESP), Lomé, Togo
| | - Martin Kouame Tchankoni
- grid.12364.320000 0004 0647 9497Département de Santé Publique, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo ,grid.12364.320000 0004 0647 9497Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Santé Publique (CFRSP), Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo ,grid.512663.5Centre Africain de Recherche en Epidémiologie et en Santé Publique (CARESP), Lomé, Togo
| | - Joel Anani
- Togo Office, World Health Organization (WHO), Lomé, Togo
| | - Alexandra Bitty-Anderson
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XBordeaux Population Health Centre, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Bordeaux, France ,grid.512663.5Centre Africain de Recherche en Epidémiologie et en Santé Publique (CARESP), Lomé, Togo
| | | | | | - Moustapha MIjiyawa
- Ministère de la Santé, de l’Hygiène Publique et de l’accès universel aux soins, Lomé, Togo
| | - Anoumou Claver Dagnra
- grid.12364.320000 0004 0647 9497Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et d’Immunologie (BIOLIM), Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Didier Koumavi Ekouevi
- Bordeaux Population Health Centre, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Bordeaux, France. .,Département de Santé Publique, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo. .,Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Santé Publique (CFRSP), Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo. .,Centre Africain de Recherche en Epidémiologie et en Santé Publique (CARESP), Lomé, Togo.
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Kpélao E, Ahanogbé KMH, Egu K, Doléagbénou AK, Moumouni AEK, Sossoukpe S, Ségbédji KK, Bakondé HE, Lawson D, Abaltou B, Abdoulaye HM, Békéti KA. Children hydrocephalus in Togo: etiologies, treatment, and outcomes. Surg Neurol Int 2022; 13:560. [PMID: 36600766 PMCID: PMC9805628 DOI: 10.25259/sni_927_2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hydrocephalus is frequent in sub-Saharan African countries. The postinfectious hydrocephalus tends to decrease. The objective of this study was to identify the etiologies and outcomes of hydrocephalus. Methods This was a retrospective study of hydrocephalus cases (0-15 years old) treated in the neurosurgery unit of the Sylvanus Olympio Hospital in Lomé over 10 years (2012-2021). At 1 year, the evolution distinguished in two categories: (1) Good psychomotor development: no delay in the acquisition of walking, language, and school. (2) Psychomotor delay: delay in the acquisition of walking, language, and school. Results We reported 305 children treated for hydrocephalus representing 1.8% of all neurosurgery unit patients and 34.2% of pediatric pathologies. There was a male predominance (60.6%). We noted second degree consanguinity in 8.5%. The positive maternal serologies were HIV (12.4%), syphilis (8.2%), and toxoplasmosis (2.6%). A malaria episode had been treated during the first trimester in 36.7% of the mothers. The main clinical sign of hydrocephalus was 91.5% of Macrocephalus. Congenital Malformafions were the most common etiologies of hydrocephalus (68.5%). Ventriculoperitoneal shunt was the main surgical method used and 16 deaths were recorded. The medium-term evolution (1 year) was evaluated in 36.1% and noted 61.8% of psychomotor retardation. Conclusion This study confirms the trend of the predominance of congenital causes of hydrocephalus in Africa, even if maternal infections can be involved in the development of some of them. The morbimortality of this pathology remains important, especially concerning neurocognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essossinam Kpélao
- Corresponding author: Essossinam Kpélao, Neurosurgery Unit, CHU SO, Lomé, Togo.
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Essobiyou TB, Kebalo SP, Pali E, Keheou AP, Issa M, Dosseh ED. A case of prune belly syndrome: Experience from a regional hospital in Togo. Int J Surg Case Rep 2022; 102:107812. [PMID: 36502656 PMCID: PMC9763359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.107812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE Prune Belly syndrome is a rare congenital condition first reported in 1939. It is a malformative disease associated with high mortality. We report a neonatal case in a regional hospital in Togo. PRESENTATION OF CASE A 4-month-old male infant was brought to the hospital by his uncle because of a "deformity of the abdomen and absence of testicles". The examination revealed hypoplasia of the abdominal wall associated with bilateral cryptorchidism. Abdominal and urinary tract ultrasound revealed a left pyelocaliceal dilatation and a right megaureter. All these data allowed the diagnosis of Prune Belly syndrome. CONCLUSION Prune Belly syndrome is a rare and complex disease with a high mortality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sosso Piham Kebalo
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital Center, Lome, Togo
| | - Essomondjona Pali
- General Surgery Department, Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital Center, Lome, Togo
| | | | - Mohamed Issa
- General Surgery Department, Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital Center, Lome, Togo
| | - Ekoue David Dosseh
- General Surgery Department, Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital Center, Lome, Togo
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Apetogbo Y, Ahadji-Dabla KM, Soma DD, Amoudji AD, Koffi E, Akagankou KI, Bamogo R, Ngaffo KL, Maiga S, Atcha-Oubou RT, Dorkenoo AM, Vizcaino L, Lenhart A, Diabaté A, Dabiré RK, Ketoh GK. Insecticide resistance intensity and efficacy of synergists with pyrethroids in Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) from Southern Togo. Malar J 2022; 21:353. [PMID: 36437444 PMCID: PMC9703766 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04377-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to provide insecticide resistance data for decision-making in terms of resistance management plans in Togo. METHODS The susceptibility status of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) to insecticides used in public health was assessed using the WHO tube test protocol. Pyrethroid resistance intensity bioassays were performed following the CDC bottle test protocol. The activity of detoxification enzymes was tested using the synergists piperonyl butoxide, S.S.S-tributlyphosphorotrithioate and ethacrinic acid. Species-specific identification of An. gambiae s.l. and kdr mutation genotyping were performed using PCR techniques. RESULTS Local populations of An. gambiae s.l. showed full susceptibility to pirimiphos methyl at Lomé, Kovié, Anié, and Kpèlè Toutou. At Baguida, mortality was 90%, indicating possible resistance to pirimiphos methyl. Resistance was recorded to DDT, bendiocarb, and propoxur at all sites. A high intensity of pyrethroid resistance was recorded and the detoxification enzymes contributing to resistance were oxidases, esterases, and glutathione-s-transferases based on the synergist tests. Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) and Anopheles coluzzii were the main species identified. High kdr L1014F and low kdr L1014S allele frequencies were detected at all localities. CONCLUSION This study suggests the need to reinforce current insecticide-based malaria control interventions (IRS and LLINs) with complementary tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawo Apetogbo
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie et d'Ecotoxicologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Lomé, 01 B.P. 1515, Lomé 01, Togo. .,Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre Muraz, 01 B.P. 545 , Bobo‑Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso. .,Centre d'Excellence Africaine d'Innovation biotechnologique pour l'Elimination des Maladies à Transmission Vectorielle (CEA-ITECH-MTV), Université Nazi Boni, 01 B.P. 545 , Bobo‑Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso.
| | - Koffi M Ahadji-Dabla
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie et d'Ecotoxicologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Lomé, 01 B.P. 1515, Lomé 01, Togo.
| | - Dieudonné Diloma Soma
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre Muraz, 01 B.P. 545 , Bobo‑Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Adjovi D Amoudji
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie et d'Ecotoxicologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Lomé, 01 B.P. 1515, Lomé 01, Togo
| | - Edoh Koffi
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie et d'Ecotoxicologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Lomé, 01 B.P. 1515, Lomé 01, Togo
| | - Kossivi I Akagankou
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie et d'Ecotoxicologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Lomé, 01 B.P. 1515, Lomé 01, Togo
| | - Rabila Bamogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre Muraz, 01 B.P. 545 , Bobo‑Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Kelly Lionelle Ngaffo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre Muraz, 01 B.P. 545 , Bobo‑Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso.,Centre d'Excellence Africaine d'Innovation biotechnologique pour l'Elimination des Maladies à Transmission Vectorielle (CEA-ITECH-MTV), Université Nazi Boni, 01 B.P. 545 , Bobo‑Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Samina Maiga
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre Muraz, 01 B.P. 545 , Bobo‑Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Rachid T Atcha-Oubou
- Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme/Ministère de la Santé, 01 B.P. 518, Lomé 01, Togo
| | - Ameyo M Dorkenoo
- Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Lomé, 01 B.P. 1515, Lomé 01, Togo
| | - Lucrecia Vizcaino
- Center for Global Health, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria/Entomology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Audrey Lenhart
- Center for Global Health, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria/Entomology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Abdoulaye Diabaté
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre Muraz, 01 B.P. 545 , Bobo‑Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso.,Centre d'Excellence Africaine d'Innovation biotechnologique pour l'Elimination des Maladies à Transmission Vectorielle (CEA-ITECH-MTV), Université Nazi Boni, 01 B.P. 545 , Bobo‑Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Roch Kounbobr Dabiré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre Muraz, 01 B.P. 545 , Bobo‑Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso.,Centre d'Excellence Africaine d'Innovation biotechnologique pour l'Elimination des Maladies à Transmission Vectorielle (CEA-ITECH-MTV), Université Nazi Boni, 01 B.P. 545 , Bobo‑Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Guillaume Koffivi Ketoh
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie et d'Ecotoxicologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Lomé, 01 B.P. 1515, Lomé 01, Togo
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Agbossou A, Fontodji JK, Ayassou K, Tchegueni S, Segla KN, Adjonou K, Bokovi Y, Ajayon AL, Polo-Akpisso A, Kuylenstierna JCI, Malley CS, Michalopoulou E, Slater J. Integrated climate change and air pollution mitigation assessment for Togo. Sci Total Environ 2022; 844:157107. [PMID: 35810891 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Togo, in west Africa, is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, but has made a negligible contribution to causing it. Togo ratified the Paris Agreement in 2017, committing to submit Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) that outline Togo's climate change mitigation commitment. Togo's capital, Lomé, as well as other areas of Togo have ambient air pollutant levels exceeding World Health Organisation guidelines for human health protection, and 91 % of Togolese households cook using solid biomass, elevating household air pollution exposure. In Togo's updated NDC, submitted in 2021, Togo acknowledges the importance and opportunity of achieving international climate change mitigation targets in ways that improve air quality and achieve health benefits for Togo's citizens. The aim of this work is to evaluate priority mitigation measures in an integrated assessment of air pollutant, Short-Lived Climate Pollutant (SLCP) and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions to identify their effectiveness in simultaneously reducing air pollution and Togo's contribution to climate change. The mitigation assessment quantifies emissions for Togo and Grand Lomé from all major source sectors for historical years between 2010 and 2018, for a baseline projection to 2030 and for mitigation scenarios evaluating ten mitigation measures. The assessment estimates that Togo emitted ~21 million tonnes of GHG emissions in 2018, predominantly from the energy and Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use sectors. GHG emissions are projected to increase 42 % to 30 million tonnes in 2030 without implementation of mitigation policies and measures. The implementation of the ten identified priority mitigation measures could reduce GHG emissions by ~20 % in 2030 compared to the baseline, while SLCPs and air pollutants were estimated to be reduced more, with a more than 75 % reduction in black carbon emissions in 2030. This work therefore provides a clear pathway by which Togo can reduce its already small contribution to climate change while simultaneously achieving local benefits for air quality and human health in Togo and Grand Lomé.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aniko Polo-Akpisso
- University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo; National Coordination of NDC Togo, Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, Lomé, Togo
| | - Johan C I Kuylenstierna
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher S Malley
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, United Kingdom.
| | - Eleni Michalopoulou
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Slater
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, United Kingdom
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Djiwa T, Simgban P, Kambote Y, Bombonne M, Sama BM, Douaguibe B, Tchaou M, Aboubakari AS, Darré T. The patterns and distribution of female genital tuberculosis among Togolese patients. Pan Afr Med J 2022; 43:62. [PMID: 36523278 PMCID: PMC9733467 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.43.62.32965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a real public health problem in developing countries. The aim of our article was to study the epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic characteristics of female genital tuberculosis in Togo. This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study on all cases concerning histologically diagnosed female genital tuberculosis in the department of pathological anatomy of Lomé in 1997-2018 (20 years). We collected 22 cases of women's Genital tuberculosis (GT), representing 2.2% (1008 cases) of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. The mean age of the patients was 33.8 ± 0.2 years. Nine (9) patients had a history of treated GT. Depending on the location, the ovaries and fallopian tubes were the most affected (n=9 cases, 40.9%). Eighteen patients (81.8%) had at least one immunosuppression factor including HIV in 13 patients (72.2%). The reasons for consultation were metrorrhagia and pelvic pain with an associated mass in 7 women discovered on clinical examination and imaging. The macroscopic appearance of the specimens was suggestive of the diagnosis of genital tuberculosis in 12 cases (54.5%). Histology revealed caseous necrosis isolated in 3 patients (13.6%) and associated with gigantocellular epithelioid granulomas in 19 patients (86.4%). The patients received standard antibiotic treatment combining rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol and pyrazinamide. Genital tuberculosis is a rare extra-pulmonary location in Togo, often occurring in women with HIV, and the clinical polymorphism can lead to confusion with gynecological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toukilnan Djiwa
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo,,Corresponding author: Toukilnan Djiwa, Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo.
| | - Panakinao Simgban
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Yendoubé Kambote
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Mayi Bombonne
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | | | - Baguilane Douaguibe
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Mazamaesso Tchaou
- Department of Radiology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | | | - Tchin Darré
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
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AKAKPO AS, LARABOU A, SAKA B, TÉCLESSOU JN, SINGO A, DAGNRA A, KOMBATÉ K, PITCHÉ P. [Trends of HIV and syphilis prevalence among pregnant women in antenatal clinics in Togo: Analysis of sentinel serosurveillance results between 2008 and 2016]. Med Trop Sante Int 2022; 2:mtsi.v2i3.2022.152. [PMID: 36284561 PMCID: PMC9557824 DOI: 10.48327/mtsi.v2i3.2022.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of our work was to analyse the trends of HIV infection and syphilis among pregnant women in prenatal consultation (PNC) in healthcare facilities in Togo. METHODS This was an analytical retrospective study, covering the period from 2008 to 2016 and focusing on pregnant women aged 15 to 49 seen in PNC for the first time in maternal and child health services in Togo. RESULTS During the study period, 41,536 pregnant women were registered in 2008, 2009, 2010, 2014 and 2016, respectively 8079, 8572, 8430, 7920 and 8535.The mean age of the patients was 26 ± 6 year in 2008, 2009 and 2010. The overall HIV prevalence decreased from 3.4% in 2008 to 2.9% in 2016 (p = 0.0145). It fell from 1% in 2008 to 0.5% in 2016 and from 3.6% in 2008 to 1.4% in 2016 (p < 0.0001) among 15-19 year-old and 20-24 year-old respectively. HIV prevalence in rural areas is two times lower than in urban areas between 2008 and 2016 with a statistically significant difference. The prevalence of syphilis decreased significantly from 2008 (1.3%) to 2016 (0.6%), (p < 0.0001). It is low and not associated with age in 2008; 0.2% and 0.4% in 2016 respectively in the 15 to 19 and 20 to 24 age groups. This prevalence is significantly low between 2008 and 2016 in both urban and rural areas. CONCLUSION Our study documents a relatively low prevalence of syphilis and HIV among pregnant women in Togo, with a significant decrease among adolescents and young women, attesting to the effectiveness of the increased screening and comprehensive prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV, including the antiretroviral treatment as prevention (TASP) approach, and the neonatal syphilis elimination programme in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abla Séfako AKAKPO
- Service de dermato-vénéréologie, Centre hospitalier universitaire Sylvanus Olympio, Université de Lomé, Togo
| | - Aminou LARABOU
- Service de dermato-vénéréologie, Centre hospitalier universitaire Sylvanus Olympio, Université de Lomé, Togo
| | - Bayaki SAKA
- Service de dermato-vénéréologie, Centre hospitalier universitaire Sylvanus Olympio, Université de Lomé, Togo
| | - Julienne Noude TÉCLESSOU
- Service de dermato-vénéréologie, Centre hospitalier universitaire Campus, Université de Lomé, Togo
| | - Assetina SINGO
- Programme national de Lutte contre le Sida et les Infections sexuellement transmissibles, Ministère de la Santé publique, Lomé, Togo
| | - Anoumou DAGNRA
- Programme national de Lutte contre le Sida et les Infections sexuellement transmissibles, Ministère de la Santé publique, Lomé, Togo
| | - Koussake KOMBATÉ
- Service de dermato-vénéréologie, Centre hospitalier universitaire Campus, Université de Lomé, Togo
| | - Palokinam PITCHÉ
- Service de dermato-vénéréologie, Centre hospitalier universitaire Sylvanus Olympio, Université de Lomé, Togo
- Conseil national de Lutte contre le Sida et les Infections sexuellement transmissibles, Lomé, Togo
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Dorkenoo AM, Gbeasor-Komlanvi FA, Gbada K, Zida-Compaore WIC, Teou D, Konu YR, Lack F, Sadio AJ, Tchankoni MK, Dagnra AC, Ekouevi DK. Prevalence of Malaria and Covid-19 in Febrile Patients in Lomé, Togo in 2020. Acta Parasitol 2022. [PMID: 35834159 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-022-00586-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of malaria and Covid-19 by PCR and serological tests in febrile patients in Lomé. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 1 to October 31, 2020 in febrile patients ≥ 10 years in three health facilities in Lomé. Finger stick blood was collected to detect Plasmodium spp. using thin/thick smear and venous blood on EDTA tubes to test for malaria Histidin-Rich-Protein-2 antigen using rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies specific immunoglobulin (Ig) M and G. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal samples was performed by rRT-PCR using GeneXpert. Results A total of 243 participants (61.7% of female) with median age 28 years (IQR 18–41) were included in the study. Prevalence of malaria was 25.1%, 95% CI [19.8–31.0] and 30.4%, 95% CI [24.7–36.7] for thin/thick smear and rapid malaria test, respectively. Eighteen patients (7.4%, 95% CI [4.4–11.5]) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 and forty-two (17.3%, 95% CI [12.8–22.6]) were positive for IgM and/or IgG against SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 IgM seroprevalence was significantly higher in malaria RDT positive participants (33.8% vs. 10.1%, p < 0.001). Conclusion This study confirms a possible cross-reactivity between Covid-19 and malaria in case of single use of rapid tests, suggesting a possible past contamination. In case of clinical signs related to Covid-19 in malaria-endemic areas, PCR screening should be requested in order to identify and isolate patients.
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Tchagbele OB, Réné Segbedji KA, Douti B, Dzayissé Atakouma Y, Deladem Azoumah K. [Satisfaction of parents of children hospitalized in pediatrics in Togo]. Soins Pediatr Pueric 2022; 43:43-46. [PMID: 35995538 DOI: 10.1016/j.spp.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of parents of children treated in the pediatric service of the Sylvanus-Olympio University Hospital of Lomé (Togo), a cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted from August 1 to 31, 2020, among 300 parents. The sociodemographic aspects of the families and those related to their perception of the care provided in the service were evaluated. Overall, the families were satisfied with the reception and the care their child received.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bili Douti
- École nationale des auxiliaires médicaux de Kara, 102 boulevard de la Victoire, Kara, Togo
| | - Yawo Dzayissé Atakouma
- Faculté des sciences de la santé, Université de Lomé, boulevard Gnassingbé-Eyadema, 01BP1515 Lomé, Togo
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TÉCLESSOU JN, DOVI-TEVI KA, KOMBATÉ K, SAKA B, AKAKPO AS, PITCHÉ P. [Distribution of dermatoses encountered in children seen in Dermatological Consultations in Lomé ( Togo)]. Med Trop Sante Int 2022; 2:mtsi.v2i2.2022.243. [PMID: 35919252 PMCID: PMC9326781 DOI: 10.48327/mtsi.v2i2.2022.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to establish the overview of current dermatosis in children in dermatological consultation in Lomé and to deduce the evolutionary trend of these dermatoses between 1992 and 2020. METHOD This was a retrospective descriptive study concerning patients aged 0 to 15 years seen in consultation in the public dermatological services of Lomé from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019. The reasons for consultation were reviewed and classified into groups of dermatosis (immunoallergic, infectious, inflammatory, tumoral …). The results of this series were compared with those of a similar study carried out in 1992. RESULTS During the study period, 3 767 children attended showing dermatological condition (14.2% of the dermatological consultations were pediatric). The average age of the patients was 7.4 years and the sex ratio M/F was 0.7. July, August and September were the months with the highest number of consultations. The top three reasons for consultation were eczema (26.6%), prurigo strophulus (15.3%) and atopic dermatitis (4.9%). 51.3% of skin diseases in children were represented by immunoallergic dermatoses, followed by infectious dermatoses 23.6%. The predominant infectious dermatoses were fungal (34.4%) and bacterial (30.3%). Between 1992 and 2019, there was an increase in the prevalence of immunoallergic dermatoses and a reduction in infectious dermatoses. CONCLUSION Immunoallergic dermatoses are predominant and clearly increasing among children seen in dermatological consultations in Lomé.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julienne Noude TÉCLESSOU
- Service de dermatologie, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Lomé, Faculté des sciences de la santé, Université de Lomé, Togo,*
| | - Kokoè Afiwa DOVI-TEVI
- Service de dermatologie, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Lomé, Faculté des sciences de la santé, Université de Lomé, Togo
| | - Koussake KOMBATÉ
- Service de dermatologie, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Lomé, Faculté des sciences de la santé, Université de Lomé, Togo
| | - Bayaki SAKA
- Service de dermatologie, Centre hospitalier universitaire Sylvanus Olympio, Faculté des sciences de la santé, Université de Lomé, Togo
| | - Abla Séfako AKAKPO
- Service de dermatologie, Centre hospitalier universitaire Sylvanus Olympio, Faculté des sciences de la santé, Université de Lomé, Togo
| | - Palokinam PITCHÉ
- Service de dermatologie, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Lomé, Faculté des sciences de la santé, Université de Lomé, Togo
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Kombate G, Gmakouba W, Scott S, Azianu KA, Ekouevi DK, van der Sande MAB. Regional heterogeneity of malaria prevalence and associated risk factors among children under five in Togo: evidence from a national malaria indicators survey. Malar J 2022; 21:168. [PMID: 35658969 PMCID: PMC9166409 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04195-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria remains a major cause of morbidity and death among children less than 5 years of age. In Togo, despite intensification of malaria control interventions, malaria remained highly prevalent, with significant heterogeneity from one region to another. The aim of this study is to explore further such regional differences in malaria prevalence and to determine associated risk factors. METHODS Data from a 2017 cross-sectional nationally representative malaria indicator survey was used. Children aged 6-59 months in selected households were tested for malaria using a rapid diagnostic test (RDT), confirmed by microscopy. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed using Generalized Linear Models. RESULTS A total of 2131 children aged 6-59 months (1983 in rural areas, 989 in urban areas) were enrolled. Overall 28% of children tested positive for malaria, ranging from 7.0% in the Lomé Commune region to 4% 7.1 in the Plateaux region. In multivariate analysis, statistically significant differences between regions persisted. Independent risk factors identified were higher children aged (aOR = 1.46, 95% CI [1.13-1.88]) for those above 24 months compared to those below; households wealth quintile (aOR = 0.22, 95% CI [0.11-0.41]) for those richest compared to those poorest quintiles; residence in rural areas (aOR = 2.02, 95% CI [1.32-3.13]). CONCLUSION Interventions that target use of combined prevention measures should prioritise on older children living in poorest households in rural areas, particularly in the regions of high malaria prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gountante Kombate
- Society for Study and Research in Public Health, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. .,Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | | | - Susana Scott
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Komi Ameko Azianu
- Ministry of Health, Public Hygiene and Universal Access to Care, Lomé, Togo
| | | | - Marianne A B van der Sande
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.,Julius Centre, Global Health, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Darre T, Djiwa T, N'Timon B, Simgban P, Tchaou M, Napo-Koura G. Breast Primary Angiosarcoma: A Clinicopathologic and Imaging Study of a Series Cases. Breast Cancer (Auckl) 2022; 16:11782234221086726. [PMID: 35370408 PMCID: PMC8969008 DOI: 10.1177/11782234221086726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study is to provide clinicopathologic and imaging features of breast primary angiosarcoma. We retrospectively analyzed cases of primary angiosarcoma diagnosed at the Pathological Laboratory of Lomé over a period of 20 years (2000-2019). Eight cases of primary angiosarcoma of the breast were collected, including 6 from women and 2 from men. The median age was 41.63 years (range from 17 to 66 years). Depending on the location, there were 4 of 8 cases in the left breast. Ultrasound classifications were BI-RADS 4 and 5. Histology revealed a malignant vascular proliferation composed of small lumens lined by atypical endothelial cells, evident mitoses, and foci of necrosis. On immunohistochemistry, the lesional cells expressed CD31, CD34, and Factor VIII. Based on Federation Nationale des Centers de Lutte Contre Le Cancer (FNCLCC) grading, the cases were grade II and III. Overall survival at 6 months was estimated to be 25% in a woman.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tchin Darre
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Toukilnan Djiwa
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Bidamin N'Timon
- Department of Imaging, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé and Kara, Kara, Togo
| | - Panakinao Simgban
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Mazamaesso Tchaou
- Department of Imaging, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé and Kara, Kara, Togo
| | - Gado Napo-Koura
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
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Soudah B, Essodina T, Toï N, Balabadi D, Yao L, Martin Bienvenu S, Wendemanegde Ernest S. Assessment of α-Cypermethrin Pour-On Application and Diminazene Aceturate for Treating Trypanosome-Related Diseases Caused by Tsetse Flies on Cattle in Mô, Togo. J Med Entomol 2022; 59:598-606. [PMID: 34935041 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effects of tsetse-transmitted trypanosomosis control in high tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) challenge and trypanocidal drug resistance settings remain poorly understood in Togo owing to poor data coverage on the current disease impact. From March 2014 to November 2017, a database of zoo-sanitary surveys integrating the evolution of disease incidence and intervention coverage made it possible to quantify the apparent effects attributable to the control effort, focused on all sedentary cattle breeds in the 1,000 km² area of Mô in Togo. The strategy involved an initial phase with cross-sectional entomological and parasitological. Then, three times a year, 20% of the bovine animals of the study area received α-cypermethrin pour-on, and infected cattle with poor health (798 cattle in 2014 and 358 in 2017) were individually given diminazene aceturate at 7 mg/kg of body weight. The tsetse density in the area decreased significantly, from 1.78 ± 0.37 in March 2014 before the α-cypermethrin application to 0.48 ± 0.07 in February 2017. The α-cypermethrin pour-on application and diminazene aceturate treatment of cattle led to the largest reduction in disease incidence, from 28.1% in 2014 to 7.8% in 2017, an improvement in hematocrit from 24.27 ± 4.9% to 27.5 ± 4.6%, and a reduction in calf mortality from 15.9 ± 11% to 5.9%. Improved access to these interventions for different types of livestock and maintaining their effectiveness, despite high tsetse (Diptera: Glossinidae) challenges, should be the primary focus of control strategies in many areas of Togo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boma Soudah
- Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l'Elevage en zone Subhumide (CIRDES), rue 5-31 Avenu du Gouverneur Louveau, 01BP 454 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso/Institut Togolais de Recherche Agronomique (ITRA-Togo)
| | - Talaki Essodina
- Université de Lomé, Ecole Supérieure d'Agronomie (ESA), rue N°1, Bd Gnassingbe, 01 BP: 1515 Lomé, Togo
| | - N'feide Toï
- Institut Togolais de Recherche Agronomique (ITRA-Togo), rue N°1, Bd Gnassingbe, BP: 1163 Cacaveli, Lomé, Togo
| | - Dao Balabadi
- Institut Togolais de Recherche Agronomique (ITRA-Togo), rue N°1, Bd Gnassingbe, BP: 1163 Cacaveli, Lomé, Togo
| | - Lombo Yao
- Institut Togolais de Recherche Agronomique (ITRA-Togo), rue N°1, Bd Gnassingbe, BP: 1163 Cacaveli, Lomé, Togo
| | - Somda Martin Bienvenu
- Université Nazi Boni (UNB), Département de Sciences biologiques/UFR-ST (UNB), BP 1091 Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Salou Wendemanegde Ernest
- Université Nazi Boni (UNB), Département de Sciences biologiques/UFR-ST (UNB), BP 1091 Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
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Feagins AR, Sadji AY, Topaz N, Itsko M, Halatoko JWA, Dzoka A, Labite J, Kata Y, Gomez S, Kossi K, Assane H, Nikiema-pessinaba C, Novak R, Marjuki H, Wang X, Atack JM. Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup C Clonal Complex 10217 Outbreak in West Kpendjal Prefecture, Togo 2019. Microbiol Spectr. [PMID: 35234504 PMCID: PMC8941916 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01923-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Togo has reported seasonal meningitis outbreaks caused by non-Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A (NmA) pathogens since the introduction of meningococcal serogroup A conjugate vaccine (MACV, MenAfriVac) in 2014. From 2016 to 2017, NmW caused several outbreaks. In early 2019, a NmC outbreak was detected in the Savanes region of Togo and its investigation is described here. Under case-based surveillance, epidemiological and clinical data, and cerebrospinal fluid specimens were collected for every suspected case of meningitis. Specimens were tested for meningitis pathogens using confirmatory microbiological and molecular methods. During epidemic weeks 9 to 15, 199 cases were reported, with 179 specimens being available for testing and 174 specimens (97.2%) were tested by at least one confirmatory method. The NmC was the predominant pathogen confirmed (93.9%), belonging to sequence type (ST)-9367 of clonal complex (CC) 10217. All NmC cases were localized to the West Kpendjal district of the Savanes region with attack rates ranging from 4.1 to 18.8 per 100,000 population and case fatality rates ranging up to 2.2% during weeks 9 to 15. Of the 93 NmC confirmed cases, 63.4% were males and 88.2% were in the 5 to 29 age group. This is the first report of a NmC meningitis outbreak in Togo. The changing epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in the meningitis belt post-MACV highlights the importance of monitoring of emerging strain and country preparedness for outbreaks in the region. IMPORTANCE The recent emergence of an invasive NmC strain in Togo is an example of the changing bacterial meningitis epidemiology in the meningitis belt post-MACV. The current epidemiology includes the regional circulation of various non-NmA serogroups, which emphasizes the need for effective molecular surveillance, laboratory diagnosis, and a multivalent vaccine that is effective against all serogroups in circulation.
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Agbobli YA, Konu YR, Gbeasor-Komlanvi FA, Sadio AJ, Tchankoni MK, Anani J, Akliku N, Bakoubayi AW, Ekouevi DK. Prevalence and factors associated with burnout among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Togo, June 2021. Arch Environ Occup Health 2022; 77:828-837. [PMID: 35191818 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2022.2042172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic is responsible for increased demand for care and patient mortality, resulting in emotional and physical stress for healthcare workers (HCWs). We aimed to estimate the prevalence of burnout and its associated factors among HCWs in Togo during the pandemic. We conducted an online cross-sectional study from June 14 to 29, 2021 targeting HCWs in Togo. The variable of interest was burnout measured by the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. Of the 523 participants, the overall burnout prevalence was 53.5% (95% CI= 49.2 - 57.9). The prevalence by burnout dimension was respectively 39.4%, 38.4% and 22.1% for personal, work-related and patient-related burnout. Our results suggest that occupational health teams should engage in the prevention, screening, and management of burnout among HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawo Apélété Agbobli
- University of Lomé, Faculty of Health Sciences, Occupational Health Department, Lomé, Togo
| | - Yao Rodion Konu
- University of Lomé, Faculty of Health Sciences, Public Health Department, Lomé, Togo
- African Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CARESP), Lomé, Togo
| | - Fifonsi Adjidossi Gbeasor-Komlanvi
- University of Lomé, Faculty of Health Sciences, Public Health Department, Lomé, Togo
- African Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CARESP), Lomé, Togo
| | - Arnold Junior Sadio
- University of Lomé, Faculty of Health Sciences, Public Health Department, Lomé, Togo
- African Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CARESP), Lomé, Togo
| | | | - Joël Anani
- African Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CARESP), Lomé, Togo
| | - Nomessi Akliku
- African Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CARESP), Lomé, Togo
| | | | - Didier Koumavi Ekouevi
- University of Lomé, Faculty of Health Sciences, Public Health Department, Lomé, Togo
- African Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CARESP), Lomé, Togo
- Inserm Center, 1219, Institute of Public Health and Development and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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Kola P, Metowogo K, Manjula SN, Katawa G, Elkhenany H, Mruthunjaya KM, Eklu-Gadegbeku K, Aklikokou KA. Ethnopharmacological evaluation of antioxidant, anti-angiogenic, and anti-inflammatory activity of some traditional medicinal plants used for treatment of cancer in Togo/Africa. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 283:114673. [PMID: 34571077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cancer is a multistep disease and its management is exceedingly expensive. Nowadays medicinal plants are gaining more attention in drug discovery and approximately 70% of anticancer drugs were developed from natural products or plants. A strong candidate from medicinal plant with anticancer potential should have four major properties: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and cytotoxic activities. AIM OF THE STUDY In order to assess Togolese traditional healer's claims about the anticancer potential of medicinal plants and obtain candidate plants for anticancer drug discovery, some species were selected from surveys and evaluated for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and cytotoxic activities. METHODS Four species, Cochlospermum planchonii (CP), Piliostigma thonningii (PT), Paullinia pinnata (PP), and Securidaca longipedunculata (SL) were selected and analyzed to detect the phytochemical components. The mentioned bioactivities were evaluated using in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo assays. RESULTS Relative to SL extract, CP and PT have shown significantly high polyphenols and flavonoids content. The DPPH, FRAP, and TAC of the extracts revealed that CP, PT, and PP have a potent antioxidant effect compared to SL. MDA analysis revealed the same antioxidant activity as CP, PT and PP showed a minor MDA level. The egg albumin denaturation assay showed that IC50 of CP and PP was significantly higher than control (P < 0.05). In contrast, the Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) results showed a nonsignificant effect (P > 0.05). Notably, SL extract was nonsignificant to control in both Egg Albumin and BSA. Furthermore, angiogenesis assay showed that SL at 50 μg/ml and PP at 100 μg/ml effectively reduced the number of blood vessels than control and showed a potent anti-angiogenic effect (2.7-fold and 2.5-fold, respectively, P < 0.05). No cytotoxicity on PBMC was reported for CP, PP, and PT up to 1000 μg/ml, whereas SL at 1000 μg/ml exhibit benign cytotoxicity (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION This study provided in vitro evidence supporting further evaluation on cancer cell lines and tumors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kola
- Research Unit Pathophysiology-Bioactive Substances and Safety, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lome, 01 BP: 1515, Lome, Togo; Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India; Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India.
| | - K Metowogo
- Research Unit Pathophysiology-Bioactive Substances and Safety, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lome, 01 BP: 1515, Lome, Togo
| | - S N Manjula
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - G Katawa
- Unité de Recherche en Immunologie et Immunomodulation (UR2IM), Université de Lomé, 01 BP: 1515, Lome, Togo
| | - H Elkhenany
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22785, Egypt
| | - K M Mruthunjaya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - K Eklu-Gadegbeku
- Research Unit Pathophysiology-Bioactive Substances and Safety, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lome, 01 BP: 1515, Lome, Togo
| | - K A Aklikokou
- Research Unit Pathophysiology-Bioactive Substances and Safety, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lome, 01 BP: 1515, Lome, Togo
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