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Cowper G, Goodall S, Hicks KM, Burnie L, Fox KT, Keenan A, De Martino E, Briggs MA. Physiological mechanisms associated with the use of a passive heat intervention: positive implications for soccer substitutes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:1499-1508. [PMID: 38129698 PMCID: PMC11055710 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Soccer substitutes are exposed to periods of limited activity before entering match-play, likely negating benefits of active warm-ups. This study aimed to determine the effects of using a passive heat intervention following a pre-match, and half-time warm-up, on muscle and core temperature in soccer players during ambient (18 °C) and cold (2 °C) conditions. METHODS On four occasions, 8 male players, completed a pre-match warm-up, followed by 45 min of rest. Following this, participants completed a half-time re-warm-up followed by an additional 45 min of rest, simulating a full match for an unplaying substitute. During periods of rest, participants wore either standardised tracksuit bottoms (CON), or heated trousers (HEAT), over typical soccer attire. RESULTS Vastus lateralis temperature declined less in HEAT compared to CON following the 1st half in 2 °C (Δ - 4.39 ± 0.81 vs. - 6.21 ± 1.32 °C, P = 0.002) and 18 °C (Δ - 2.48 ± 0.71 vs. - 3.54 ± 0.88 °C, P = 0.003). These findings were also observed in the 2nd half for the 2 °C (Δ - 4.36 ± 1.03 vs. - 6.26 ± 1.04 °C, P = 0.002) and 18 °C (Δ - 2.85 ± 0.57 vs. - 4.06 ± 1 °C, P = 0.018) conditions. In addition, core temperature declined less in HEAT compared to CON following the 1st (Δ - 0.41 ± 0.25 vs. - 0.84 ± 0.41 °C, P = 0.037) and 2nd (Δ - 0.25 ± 0.33 vs. - 0.64 ± 0.34 °C, P = 0.028) halves of passive rest in 2 °C, with no differences in the 18 °C condition. Perceptual data confirmed that participants were more comfortable in HEAT vs. CON in 2 °C (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Following active warm-ups, heated trousers attenuate the decline in muscle temperature in ambient and cold environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Cowper
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Stuart Goodall
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Kirsty M Hicks
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Louise Burnie
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Kai T Fox
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Ashleigh Keenan
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Enrico De Martino
- Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Marc A Briggs
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
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Silva DS, Boullosa D, Pereira EVM, Alves MDJ, Fernandes MSS, Aidar FJ, Dos Santos LF, de Souza RF. Does the sequence of plyometric and dynamic stretching exercises influence subsequent sprint performance? A randomized crossover intervention study. Biol Sport 2024; 41:13-18. [PMID: 38524805 PMCID: PMC10955732 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.129485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the acute effects of the sequence order of drop jumps (DJ) and dynamic stretching (DS) on sprinting performances in competitive athletes and to investigate the relationships between post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) in sprint performance and lower limb power. Thirteen male jumpers and sprinters participated in this study (19 ± 2 years; 177 ± 7 cm; 71.7 ± 5.6 kg). Through a randomized crossover design, the athletes were exposed to three different conditions after a standardized warm-up: DS+DJ, DJ+DS, and control. Sprinting performance over 40 m was analysed with consideration of initial (0 to 20 m) and final acceleration (20 to 40 m) phases. The effect of intervention was examined by two-way repeated-measures of ANOVA. Pearson's correlation test was used to determine the association between PAPE during sprinting and jump performance. There was no effect of any factor on 40-m sprint performance. Meanwhile, the performance at 20-40 m was higher after the DS+DJ condition when compared to baseline (8.79 ± 0.43 vs. 8.91 ± 0.35 m/s; p = 0.015). However, the initial acceleration was worsened in the DJ+DS condition when compared to baseline (6.26 ± 0.25 vs. 6.22 ± 0.26 m/s; p = 0.002). There was a negative correlation between CMJ height and the improvement in final acceleration (r = -0.741; p = 0.004). The use of DS prior to DJ is an effective strategy to improve performance in the final acceleration phase (20-40 m). The athletes with lower levels of lower limb power benefited the most from this PAPE strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devisson S Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Daniel Boullosa
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Erika V M Pereira
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Micael D J Alves
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Matheus S S Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Felipe J Aidar
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Leila F Dos Santos
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Raphael F de Souza
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
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Železnik P, Jelen A, Kalc K, Behm DG, Kozinc Ž. Acute effects of static and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on hamstrings muscle stiffness and range of motion: a randomized cross-over study. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:1005-1014. [PMID: 37803178 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05325-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the acute effects of static stretching (SS) and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching on hamstrings flexibility and shear modulus. Sixteen recreationally active young volunteers participated in a randomized cross-over study. Participants underwent an aerobic warm-up (WU), followed by either SS or PNF stretching. Range of motion (RoM) during passive straight leg raise and active knee extension, as well as shear modulus of the biceps femoris (BF) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles, were measured at baseline, post-WU, and post-stretching. Both stretching techniques significantly increased RoM, with no differences observed between SS and PNF (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.59-0.68). However, only PNF stretching resulted in a significant decrease in BF shear modulus (time×stretching type interaction: p = 0.045; η2 = 0.19), indicating reduced muscle stiffness. No changes in ST shear modulus were observed after either stretching technique. There was no significant correlation between changes in RoM and shear modulus, suggesting that the increase in RoM was predominantly due to changes in stretch tolerance rather than mechanical properties of the muscles. These findings suggest that both SS and PNF stretching can effectively improve hamstring flexibility, but PNF stretching may additionally reduce BF muscle stiffness. The study highlights the importance of considering individual muscle-specific responses to stretching techniques and provides insights into the mechanisms underpinning acute increases in RoM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Železnik
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, 6310, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Amadej Jelen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, 6310, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Klemen Kalc
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, 6310, Izola, Slovenia
| | - David G Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Žiga Kozinc
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, 6310, Izola, Slovenia.
- University of Primorska, Andrej Marušič Institute, Muzejski Trg 2, 6000, Koper, Slovenia.
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Kasahara K, Konrad A, Yoshida R, Murakami Y, Sato S, Koizumi R, Thomas E, Behm DG, Nakamura M. Comparison of acute and prolonged effects of short-term foam rolling and vibration foam rolling on the properties of knee extensors. Biol Sport 2024; 41:19-26. [PMID: 38524825 PMCID: PMC10955736 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.129488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, Foam Rolling (FR) and Vibration Foam Rolling (VFR) have attracted attention in sports and rehabilitation fields. Previous studies have shown that FR and VFR acute interventions effectively increase the range of movement (ROM) and decrease tissue hardness. For application to sports and rehabilitation, it is necessary to compare the acute and prolonged effects of short duration FR and VFR. Therefore, this study aimed to compare and investigate the acute and prolonged (15 minutes) effects of short duration (30-s) FR and VFR interventions on knee extensors. The subjects were 14 male university students (22.4 ± 1.0 years old), in which the knee extensors of the dominant leg were tested. In a cross-over trial, 30-s of FR or VFR were performed with 2-s rolling of the anterior thigh (15 rolls). The frequency of VFR was 35 Hz. Measurements included knee flexion ROM, pain pressure threshold (PPT), tissue hardness, and countermovement jump height. The results of this study showed no interaction effects for all variables, but main time effects were observed for knee flexion ROM, PPT, and tissue hardness. Post-hoc tests showed that knee flexion ROM increased up to 10 minutes after the intervention. PPT significantly increased, and tissue hardness significantly decreased up to 15 minutes after intervention. This study showed that 30-s FR and VFR interventions effectively increased ROM, PPT, and decreased tissue hardness. The effects were prolonged up to 10-15 minutes after the intervention. The results of this study show no advantage of VFR over FR with acute short-term interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Kasahara
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Andreas Konrad
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Riku Yoshida
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuta Murakami
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shigeru Sato
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryoma Koizumi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ewan Thomas
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - David G Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Masatoshi Nakamura
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nishi Kyushu University, 4490-9 Ozaki, Kanzaki, Saga, 842-8585, Japan
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Chen CCG, Malpani A, Waldram MM, Romanczyk C, Tanner EJ, Fader AN, Scheib SA, Hager GD, Vedula SS. Effect of pre-operative warm-up on trainee intraoperative performance during robot-assisted hysterectomy: a randomized controlled trial. Int Urogynecol J 2023; 34:2751-2758. [PMID: 37449987 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-023-05595-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS The objective was to study the effect of immediate pre-operative warm-up using virtual reality simulation on intraoperative robot-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy (RALH) performance by gynecology trainees (residents and fellows). METHODS We randomized the first, non-emergent RALH of the day that involved trainees warming up or not warming up. For cases assigned to warm-up, trainees performed a set of exercises on the da Vinci Skills Simulator immediately before the procedure. The supervising attending surgeon, who was not informed whether or not the trainee was assigned to warm-up, assessed the trainee's performance using the Objective Structured Assessment for Technical Skill (OSATS) and the Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills (GEARS) immediately after each surgery. RESULTS We randomized 66 cases and analyzed 58 cases (30 warm-up, 28 no warm-up), which involved 21 trainees. Attending surgeons rated trainees similarly irrespective of warm-up randomization with mean (SD) OSATS composite scores of 22.6 (4.3; warm-up) vs 21.8 (3.4; no warm-up) and mean GEARS composite scores of 19.2 (3.8; warm-up) vs 18.8 (3.1; no warm-up). The difference in composite scores between warm-up and no warm-up was 0.34 (95% CI: -1.44, 2.13), and 0.34 (95% CI: -1.22, 1.90) for OSATS and GEARS respectively. Also, we did not observe any significant differences in each of the component/subscale scores within OSATS and GEARS between cases assigned to warm-up and no warm-up. CONCLUSION Performing a brief virtual reality-based warm-up before RALH did not significantly improve the intraoperative performance of the trainees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chiung Grace Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Anand Malpani
- Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Edward J Tanner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amanda N Fader
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stacey A Scheib
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Gregory D Hager
- Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Swaroop Vedula
- Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Kasahara K, Konrad A, Yoshida R, Murakami Y, Sato S, Koizumi R, Behm DG, Nakamura M. Comparison of Isolated or Combined Static Stretching and Foam Rolling on Knee Extensors' Function. J Sports Sci Med 2023; 22:389-396. [PMID: 37711712 PMCID: PMC10499120 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2023.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Static stretching (SS), foam rolling (FR), and a combination of both are used as warm-ups for sports and training. However, no reports have compared or examined the warm-up effects of short-term interventions (i.e., 30-s). Therefore, this study was designed to compare and examine the effects of short-term SS, FR, and SS+FR on knee extensors. The dominant knee extensors of 14 male university students (22.0 ± 1.3 years old) were tested. Five conditions were randomized: 60-s SS, 60-s FR, 30-s SS+ 30-s FR, 30-s SS, and 30-s FR to examine differences in intervention method, duration, and combined. The measures were knee flexion range of motion (ROM), pain pressure threshold (PPT), tissue hardness, maximum voluntary contraction-isometric (MVC-ISO), and MVC-concentric (MVC-CON) torques, measured before and after the intervention. Knee flexion ROM (d = 0.40, d = 0.59, d = 0.54, d = 0.59, d = 0.52 respectively) and PPT (d = 0.77, d = 0.60, d = 0.90, d = 0.74, d = 0.52, respectively) were significantly increased (p < 0.01), and tissue hardness (d = -0.79, d = -0.63, d = -0.53, d = -0.59, d = -0.72, respectively) was significantly decreased (p < 0.01) in all conditions. However, MVC-ISO decreased significantly (p < 0.01) in the 60-s SS and 30-s SS conditions but did not affect MVC-CON in all conditions. The results of this study revealed that SS, FR, and SS+FR interventions for a short-term as a warm-up before exercise were effective in increasing ROM, PPT, and decreasing tissue hardness. However, SS intervention with more than 30-s on the knee extensors decreased muscle strength, so short-term FR intervention is recommended when the goal is to increase ROM while maintaining both MVC-ISO and MVC-CON torques. Similarly, a short-term FR intervention after a short-term SS can eliminate the effect of strength impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Kasahara
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Andreas Konrad
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Riku Yoshida
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuta Murakami
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shigeru Sato
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryoma Koizumi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - David G Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Masatoshi Nakamura
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nishi Kyushu University, 4490-9 Ozaki, Kanzaki, Saga, 842-8585, Japan
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Gervasi M, Fernández-Peña E, Patti A, Benelli P, Sisti D, Padulo J, Boullosa D. Moderate intensity active recovery improves performance in a second wingate test in cyclists. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18168. [PMID: 37496921 PMCID: PMC10366462 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of active (AR) vs. passive recovery (PR) between two Wingate Anaerobic Tests (WAnT) on power output, blood lactate (BLa) and oxygen consumption (VO2) in a second WAnT. Methods Twelve well-trained cyclists underwent three experimental sessions. In the first session, they completed an incremental test for maximum oxygen consumption (V O2max) and lactate threshold determination. In the second and third sessions, cyclists completed, in random order, two WAnT tests separated by 30-min recovery intervals, during which they performed an AR at 70% of the V O2 at lactate threshold (V O2LT) or a PR. The cardiorespiratory, metabolic, and mechanical responses in the two recovery conditions were compared. Results No differences were found in the VO2-on kinetics between WAnT tests (p > 0.05). As expected, blood lactate kinetics showed a greater clearance (from the 7th to the 31st min, p < 0.001) during AR; however, no differences were found in peak BLa between conditions (p > 0.05). Mean and peak power, and total work were significantly higher in the second WAnT after AR (p < 0.001), while the power decline was also lower in this condition (p < 0.05). Conclusion The submaximal active recovery strategy used in the present study can induce an improvement in mechanical power and total work during a second WAnT. This suggests that AR of submaximal intensity can induce a post-activation performance enhancement when used during the recovery phase between maximal anaerobic efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gervasi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences - Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Eneko Fernández-Peña
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Antonino Patti
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Piero Benelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences - Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Davide Sisti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences - Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Johnny Padulo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniel Boullosa
- Universidad de León, León, Spain
- College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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Oğul B, Uslu S, Hindistan IE, Akdağ E, Cetin Özdoğan E. The effect of the horizontal vs. vertical PAPE protocol on the swim start performance in adolescent male. Sports Biomech 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37067012 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2023.2200745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) is referred to enhancement in muscular performance due to high-intensity voluntary contractions. This study aimed to examine the effect of the horizontal vs. vertical PAPE protocol on the start performance in swimming. Sixteen swimmers (age: 13.71 ± 0.95 years; height: 169.43 ± 9.68 cm; body mass: 58.47 ± 7.64 kg) performed three warm-up protocols: (i) a swim-specific warm-up (SWU); (ii) back squat (BS) followed SWU (SWUB); (iii) barbell hip thrust (BHT) followed SWU (SWUH) which consisted of 1 set of 3 reps at 80% 1RM. Rest times are evaluated individually. The findings of this study indicate that SWUB has no beneficial effect on any phase in all examined parameters, while SWUH has a slight improvement only in the take-off phase compared to SWUB (p < 0.05). BHT is better compared to BS as a PAPE stimulus for swimming, but there is no positive effect on 50 m swimming time compared to SWU (p > 0.05). In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, the effect of BHT as a PAPE stimulus was investigated for swimming for the first time, but results show that neither BS nor BHT has a positive effect on 50 m swimming performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begüm Oğul
- Institute of Health Sciences, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Serkan Uslu
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Ethem Hindistan
- Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sports Science, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Eren Akdağ
- Coaching Training Department, Sports Science Faculty, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Emel Cetin Özdoğan
- Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sports Science, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Półrolniczak E, Kramarczyk M. Acoustic Analysis of the Influence of Warm-Up on Singing Voice Quality. J Voice 2023:S0892-1997(23)00074-7. [PMID: 36964074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
This article presents the results of research at the frontier of computer signal analysis, music, and medicine and analyzes the influence of vocal warm-ups on singing voice quality. According to the literature, it is assumed that a well-performed warm-up should have a positive effect on the parameters of the singing voice. The goal of the study was to find dependencies between the warm-up and the singing voice quality. The analysis was performed on samples obtained from choral singers. To analyze the influence of the warm-up on the singing voice quality, selected acoustic analysis parameters were calculated for the recorded samples. The analysis of the results for selected parameters showed that warming up of the singing voice can have a positive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Półrolniczak
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Michał Kramarczyk
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Szczecin, Poland.
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Feeley AA, Feeley IH, Merghani K, Sheehan E. Surgical Priming Improves Operative Performance in Surgical Trainees: A Crossover Randomized Control Trial. J Surg Educ 2023; 80:420-427. [PMID: 36335033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a surgical warm-up using a virtual reality simulator on operative performance. DESIGN This was a single-blinded cross-over randomized control trial in a single tertiary Orthopedic training center. PARTICIPANTS Orthopedic trainees were recruited, and each morning participants rostered to theatre were randomized to either undergo a simulated surgical procedure on a virtual reality simulation system prior to their first case as primary operator (priming arm), or to perform their usual preparatory routine for surgery (control arm). Consultant orthopedic trainers were recruited within the orthopedic unit to carry out subjective surgical performance assessments using a validated global rating scale tool on the first case the participant performed on the list as primary operator. RESULTS Over 3 study periods a total of 151 data points were collected, with 49 matched data points across priming status and procedural level of difficulty. Subjective assessment tools consistently demonstrated improved operative performance by participants following surgical priming (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION This study highlights that introduction of preoperative priming to improve operative preparation, and optimizes operative performance. This has not only implications for improved resident training, but also signals towards beneficial downstream effects on patient outcomes, and theatre list planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife A Feeley
- Department of Surgery Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Co. Dublin, Ireland; Department of Orthopaedics, Midland Regional Hospital Tullamore, Co. Offaly, Ireland.
| | - Iain H Feeley
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tallaght University Hospital, Co. Dublin, Ireland
| | - Khalid Merghani
- Department of Orthopaedics, Midland Regional Hospital Tullamore, Co. Offaly, Ireland
| | - Eoin Sheehan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Midland Regional Hospital Tullamore, Co. Offaly, Ireland
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Carmo AAL, Goulart KNO, Cabido CET, Martins YAT, Santos GCF, Shang FLT, Prado LS, Soares DD, de Mello MT, Mendes TT, Silami-Garcia E, Wanner SP. Active warm-up and time-of-day effects on repeated-sprint performance and post-exercise recovery. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:49-64. [PMID: 36152058 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05051-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the effects of both an active warm-up and the time-of-day variation on repeated-sprint performance. A second objective was to compare the post-exercise recovery between the experimental conditions. METHODS Eleven male participants performed ten maximal cycling sprints (6 s each, with a 30-s interval between them) in the morning and late afternoon, either after a warm-up or control condition. The warm-up consisted of cycling for 10 min at 50% of the peak aerobic power. RESULTS Rest measurements of rectal, muscle, and skin temperatures were higher in the afternoon compared to the morning (p < 0.05), with no significant differences in heart rate (p = 0.079) and blood lactate concentration (p = 0.300). Warm-up increased muscle temperature, heart rate, and lactate, and reduced skin temperature (all p < 0.001), though no significant differences were observed for rectal temperature (p = 0.410). The number of revolutions (p = 0.034, ηp2 = 0.375), peak (p = 0.034, ηp2 = 0.375), and mean (p = 0.037, ηp2 = 0.365) power of the first sprint (not the average of ten sprints) were higher in the afternoon compared to the morning, regardless of warm-up. However, beneficial performance effects of warming up were evident for the first (p < 0.001) and the average of ten sprints (p < 0.05), regardless of time of day. More remarkable changes during the 60-min post-exercise were observed for rectal temperature (p = 0.005) and heart rate (p = 0.010) in the afternoon than in the morning. CONCLUSION Warming-up and time-of-day effects in enhancing muscular power are independent. Although warm-up ensured further beneficial effects on performance than the time-of-day variation, a faster post-exercise recovery was observed in the late afternoon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano A L Carmo
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Karine N O Goulart
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Christian E T Cabido
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Ygor A T Martins
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Gabriela C F Santos
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Felipe L T Shang
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luciano S Prado
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Danusa D Soares
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Marco T de Mello
- Psychobiology and Exercise Study Center, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Thiago T Mendes
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Emerson Silami-Garcia
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Samuel P Wanner
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
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Teng ZL, Cao SX, Ma X, Wang X, Huang JZ, Zhang C, Geng X. Epidemiological Characteristics of Patients Operated for Achilles Tendon Rupture in Shanghai. Orthop Surg 2022; 14:1649-1655. [PMID: 35733408 PMCID: PMC9363725 DOI: 10.1111/os.13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To reflect the potential epidemiological characteristics of Achilles tendon (AT) rupture in Shanghai, China, which has been rarely reported before. Methods This work is a descriptive epidemiology study. A total of 302 cases of AT rupture admitted to our department between 01/2013 and 02/2020 are analyzed according to telephone follow‐up and medical records. Male to female ratio is 10.3 and the average age is 37.5 years. The record of each case includes age, gender, Body mass index (BMI), quinolone use, corticoid exposure and related medical history/comorbidities. If the case is sports‐related (SR), details including kind of sports, intensity of exercise, exercise time before rupture, specific action that causes rupture and situation of warm‐up are collected. Two independent sample t‐tests and Pearson chi‐square tests are used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 252 ruptures are SR. Male to female ratio is 15.6 in SR cases. Most SR ruptures occur in patients aged 25–39 years. Ball games are major sports responsible for rupture: basketball in 95 (37.7%), badminton in 68 (27.0%) and soccer in 62 (24.6%). Acceleration and running start is the specific action that cause most (37.7%) ruptures. AT cases are observed in 91 patients with warm‐up and 161 without preparation before exercise. As a result, more ruptures happened within 10 min' sports in 161 unprepared (22.4%) than in 91 prepared (5.5%) cases. In SR cases, 107 and 145 cases are observed on weekends and weekdays. Of the 302 total cases, 64 are associated with Achilles tendinopathy. Frequently reported factors such as quinolone use and corticoid exposure are found only in two and 11 of all cases, respectively. Conclusion Middle‐aged males are common victims of AT rupture in Shanghai. Sports including basketball, badminton, soccer and actions involving in sudden and severe contraction of AT cause most ruptures. Warm‐up before exercise reduces rupture in short time. Factors such as quinolone, corticoid and Achilles tendonitis still need attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Lin Teng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Xuan Cao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Zhang Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Geng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Rangasamy K, Sharma S, Gopinathan NR, Kumar A, Negi S, Dhillon MS. Risk Prediction of Injury Among Recreational Badminton Players in India. Indian J Orthop 2022; 56:1378-1384. [PMID: 35928670 PMCID: PMC9283613 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-022-00663-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Since badminton has emerged as a frequently played non-contact recreational sport in India, it is essential to document the injury patterns and incidence. However, there is no existing literature on this topic among Indian players. MATERIALS AND METHODS A web-based questionnaire was circulated among recreational badminton players across North India, enquiring about demographic details, injury characteristics, and factors associated with an injury like BMI, warm-up practice, and physical training. RESULTS Data of 237 eligible participants revealed an injury incidence rate of 57.1%. The ankle and dominant-side shoulder were the most common anatomical regions affected. The most common injury types were ligament sprain and muscle/tendon strain. Factors like age, frequency, duration of play, type of footwear, BMI, prior warm-up, court surface, and physical training were significantly associated with injury incidence on univariate logistic regression analysis. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, we found male gender, a lack of prior warm-up, inadequate physical training, and age group between 26 and 30 years to be four independent risk factors for injury. CONCLUSION The recreational badminton player of India had a relatively higher incidence of injury compared with the limited published data from other countries. Modifiable factors like a proper warm-up before the game, regular physical fitness training, and injury awareness programs can reduce the injury rates. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43465-022-00663-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthick Rangasamy
- grid.415131.30000 0004 1767 2903Department of Orthopaedics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Shivam Sharma
- grid.415131.30000 0004 1767 2903Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Nirmal Raj Gopinathan
- grid.415131.30000 0004 1767 2903Department of Orthopaedics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- grid.415131.30000 0004 1767 2903NINE, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sandeep Negi
- grid.415131.30000 0004 1767 2903Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Mandeep Singh Dhillon
- grid.415131.30000 0004 1767 2903Department of Orthopaedics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Nazaroff BM, Pearcey GEP, Munro B, Zehr EP. Sensory enhancement of warm-up amplifies subsequent grip strength and cycling performance. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022. [PMID: 35471257 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04952-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In sport and exercise, warm-ups induce various physiological changes that facilitate subsequent performance. We have shown that delivering patterned stimulation to cutaneous afferents during sprint cycling mitigates fatigue-related decrements in performance, and that repeated sensory stimulation amplifies spinal reflex excitability. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess whether sensory enhancement of warm-up would affect subsequent high-intensity arm cycling performance. METHODS Participants completed three experimental sessions, in which they randomly performed either a control, stim, or sleeve warm-up condition prior to maximal duration arm cycling. During the control condition, warmup consisted of low-intensity arm cycling for 15 min. The stim condition was the same, except they received alternating pulses (400 ms, 50 Hz) of stimulation just above their perceptual threshold to the wrists during warm-up. The third condition required participants to wear custom fabricated compression sleeves around the elbow during warm-up. Grip strength and spinal reflex excitability were measured before and after each warm-up and fatigue protocol, which required participants to arm cycle at 85% of peak power output until they reached volitional fatigue. Peak power output was determined during an incremental test at minimum 72 h prior to the first session. RESULTS Both sensory enhanced warm-up conditions amplified subsequent high-intensity arm cycling performance by ~ 30%. Additionally, the stim and sleeve warm-up conditions yielded improvements in grip strength (increased by ~ 5%) immediately after the sensory enhanced warm-ups. Ergogenic benefits from the sensory enhanced warm-up conditions did not differ between one another. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that enhanced sensory input during warm-up can elicit improvements in both maximal and submaximal performance measures.
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Abstract
Purpose of Review This review examines the relationship between the baseball pitching motion and the kinetic chain. The goal was to determine the underlying causes of a deficiency in throwing mechanics throughout a throwing motion, and to provide an evidence-based approach on how to prevent injuries caused by a lack of proper mechanics. In doing so, we sought to provide a warm-up strategy that can be added to every baseball player’s daily on-field routine that is tailored to each phase of the throwing motion. Recent Findings To help minimize the risk of injury to overhead throwing athletes, a thorough understanding of the throwing motion is critical. Throwing a ball places extreme stress on the body, notably the shoulder and elbow joints. With a clear understanding of the biomechanics of throwing, we can develop an injury prevention routine to minimize unnecessary stresses throughout the kinetic chain. Summary The throwing cycle is a complex motion that places various stresses throughout the thrower’s body, from the ankle to the core, and from the back to the shoulder and elbow. A thorough understanding of the mechanics of this motion, along with specific exercises to target the specific actions of each phase, may allow for throwers, regardless of their age and experience, to minimize injury risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mayes
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sports Medicine & Shoulder Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 1500 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Madeleine Salesky
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sports Medicine & Shoulder Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 1500 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Drew A Lansdown
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sports Medicine & Shoulder Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 1500 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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Zagatto AM, Dutra YM, Claus G, Malta EDS, de Poli RAB, Brisola GMP, Boullosa D. Drop jumps improve repeated sprint ability performance in professional basketball players. Biol Sport 2022; 39:59-66. [PMID: 35173364 PMCID: PMC8805359 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2021.101128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To verify the acute effect of drop jumps (DJ) on two repeated sprint ability tests (RSA), interspersed with a rest period simulating a basketball game break. Twelve first division basketball players (age: 24.8 ± 6.9 years; body mass: 97.0 ± 9.2 kg; height: 2.0 ± 0.1 m) performed, in a randomized crossover design, two RSA tests separated by 5 min after DJ or control conditions. The DJ condition comprised 5 DJs performed 4 min prior to the first RSA test, whereas 3 DJ were completed 30 s prior to a second RSA test. Surface electromyography was recorded from the lower body for root mean square (RMS) analyses during sprinting. Three countermovement jump (CMJ) tests were performed after warming up and immediately after the second RSA test. DJ improved RSA performance with a faster best time in the first RSA test (p = 0.035), and a shorter total time and mean time (p = 0.030) for the second RSA test. No significant differences were found in RMS between protocols. CMJdecreased in both conditions after the RSA tests (p < 0.05). This study revealed a post-DJ RSA potentiation in professional male basketball players. This simple and effective approach could be implemented at the end of the warm-up and before the end of game breaks to improve player preparedness to compete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Moura Zagatto
- Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru-SP, Brazil
| | - Yago Medeiros Dutra
- Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru-SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Claus
- Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru-SP, Brazil
| | - Elvis de Sousa Malta
- Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru-SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Araujo Bonetti de Poli
- Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru-SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Motta Pinheiro Brisola
- Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru-SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Boullosa
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Integrated Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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Pérez-Gómez J, Adsuar JC, Alcaraz PE, Carlos-Vivas J. Physical exercises for preventing injuries among adult male football players: A systematic review. J Sport Health Sci 2022; 11:115-122. [PMID: 33188962 PMCID: PMC8847925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Football is the most practised sport in the world and is associated with the risk of injuries in the players. Some studies have been published that identify injury prevention programs, but there is no review of the full body of evidence on injury prevention programs for use by football coaches. The aim of this article was to carry out a systematic review of published studies on injury prevention programs for adult male footballers, identify points of common understanding and establish recommendations that should be considered in the design of injury prevention strategies. METHODS PubMed and EMBASE databases were used to identify relevant published articles using the following keywords: "soccer" AND "injury" AND "prevention". RESULTS A total of 2512 studies were identified initially, but only 11 studies met the inclusion criteria, and their outcomes are presented. Results revealed that injury prevention programs in football have focused on strength training, proprioceptive training, multicomponent programs (balance, core stability, and functional strength and mobility), and warm-up programs. CONCLUSION Based on results from the studies analyzed, football players can lower the incidence of match and training injuries by participating in dynamic warm-up programs that include preventive exercises before games or during training sessions, and by adding strength, balance, and mobility training to the training sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Pérez-Gómez
- Health, Economy, Motricity and Education (HEME) Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, Caceres 10003, Spain
| | - José Carmelo Adsuar
- Health, Economy, Motricity and Education (HEME) Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, Caceres 10003, Spain
| | - Pedro E Alcaraz
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia 30107, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia 30107, Spain
| | - Jorge Carlos-Vivas
- Health, Economy, Motricity and Education (HEME) Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, Caceres 10003, Spain.
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Rossi A, Formenti D, Cavaggioni L, Alberti G, Esposito F, D'Angelo F, Trecroci A. Single and combined effect of kinesio tape and warm-up on sprint cycling performance. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2021; 13:77. [PMID: 34311773 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-021-00310-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The fact that kinesio tape may be capable to enhance muscle power would qualify it as practical tool to be considered during passive warm-up (WU) or coupled with active WU processes prior to power-based performance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the single and combined effect of kinesio tape (KT) and WU on sprint cycling performance. Methods In a repeated measure design, fifteen participants underwent six sessions to assess sprint cycling performance involving a combination of three taping conditions (without KT: NoKT; with KT positioned vertically over the thigh muscles KT; with KT positioned horizontally over the thigh muscles: Sham) with two pre-exercise routines (with WU: WU; without WU: NoWU) in a randomized order. Allometric scaling of peak power (PP) and average power (AP) values were considered for each sprint. Results KT-WU demonstrated the highest PP and AP with respect to the other conditions (p < 0.05), except for AP that was similar to Sham-WU (p > 0.05). Moreover, NoKT-NoWU showed the lowest PP and AP with respect to the other conditions (p < 0.05). Conclusions Overall, our findings suggest that kinesio tape might be a possible tool to be combined with an active WU routine, inducing benefit on sprint performance. Moreover, KT may be considered a potential strategy to include within a passive WU, perhaps where an active WU is not feasible. However, as the influence of KT on muscle function is still unclear, our results should not be overinterpreted.
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Jimenez-Perez I, Gil-Calvo M, Vardasca R, Fernandes RJ, Vilas-Boas JP. Pre-exercise skin temperature evolution is not related with 100 m front crawl performance. J Therm Biol 2021; 98:102926. [PMID: 34016349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
During the transition between warm-up and competition there is a change in core, muscle and (eventually) skin temperature that may affect swimming performance. We have aimed to assess skin temperature evolution during transition phases of different durations before a typical front crawl effort and to investigate its relationship with performance. Following a standardized warm-up, nine adolescent male swimmers performed three maximal randomized 100 m maximum front crawl trials after 10, 20 and 45 min transition phases. Skin temperature, performance (time, stroke frequency, length and index, and propelling efficiency), heart rate, lactate and perceived effort were assessed. Data showed a skin temperature log increase over time (R2 > 0.96, p < 0.01) without differences from the 15 min with the following instants. Performance and psychophysiological variables were similar between transition phases. However, skin temperature at the end of the transition periods, i.e., just before the 100 m trials, was lower in the 10 min than the 20 and 45 min transitions (32.0 ± 0.6 vs 33.0 ± 0.4 and 33.5 ± 0.5 °C, respectively). The main finding was that no relevant relationships were observed between pre-test skin temperature and performance times (|r| < 0.6, p > 0.05) for the studied transition phases. We have concluded that transitions longer than 10 min will not present thermal changes and that, within the physiologic limits studied, pre-exercise skin temperature does not influence swimming performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Jimenez-Perez
- Research Group in Sports Biomechanics (GIBD), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Research Group in Medical Physics (GIFIME), Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marina Gil-Calvo
- Research Group in Sports Biomechanics (GIBD), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of health and Sport Sciences, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
| | - Ricardo Vardasca
- Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; ISLA Santarem, Santarem, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo J Fernandes
- Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Paulo Vilas-Boas
- Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Tomsovsky L, Reid D, Whatman C, Borotkanics R, Fulcher M. The effect of a neuromuscular warm-up on the injury rates in New Zealand amateur futsal players. Phys Ther Sport 2021; 48:128-35. [PMID: 33422887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effectiveness of a futsal-specific warm-up to reduce injuries in amateur teams. DESIGN Quasi-experimental. SETTING Two futsal centres followed over one season using a specific report card. PARTICIPANTS 878 teams (Intervention group, n = 458; Control group, n = 420) of both genders and three age groups (U13, U17, adults). INTERVENTION A futsal-specific warm-up consisting of cardiovascular exercises, dynamic stretches, and game-related skills. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The incidence rate and severity of all injuries, lower extremity (LE) injuries and contact injuries. A multivariate Poisson regression analysis was used to compare between-group rates. RESULTS The rate of all injuries was lower in the intervention group (rate ratio (RR) = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.59 to 1.06), yet not significant. There was a significantly lower rate of contact injuries in the intervention group (RR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.51 to 0.98). Subgroup analysis, based on the warm-up adherence of intervention teams (low, intermediate, high), showed a lower rate of all injuries (RR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.29 to 0.97), and LE injuries (RR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.14 to 0.81) in the high compared to low adherence group. CONCLUSION A futsal-specific warm-up can reduce the rate of contact injuries in amateur players. With high adherence the rate of all injuries and LE injuries may also reduce.
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Vieira DCL, Opplert J, Babault N. Acute effects of dynamic stretching on neuromechanical properties: an interaction between stretching, contraction, and movement. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:957-967. [PMID: 33417034 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04583-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to investigate the acute effects of dynamic stretching on neurophysiological and mechanical properties of plantar flexor muscles and to test the hypothesis that dynamic stretching resulted from an interaction between stretching, movement, and contraction. METHODS The dynamic stretching conditioning activity (DS) was compared to static stretching (SS), passive cyclic stretching (PCS), isometric contractions (IC), static stretching followed by isometric contractions (SSIC), and control (CO) conditions. Stretching amplitude (DS, SS, PCS and SSIC), contraction intensity (DS, IC and SSIC) and duration (all 6 conditions) were matched. Thirteen volunteers were included. Passive torque, fascicle length, and stiffness were evaluated from a dynamometer and ultrasonography during passive dorsiflexion. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation was used to investigate contractile properties [peak twitch torque (PTT), and rate of torque development (RTD)] and muscle voluntary activation (%VA). Gastrocnemius lateralis electromyographic activity (GL EMG/Mwave) was obtained during maximal voluntary contraction. All of these parameters were measured immediately before and 10 s after each experimental condition. RESULTS Peak twitch torque, RTD, %VA, GL EMG/Mwave remained unaltered, while passive torque was significantly reduced after DS (- 8.14 ± 2.21%). SS decreased GL EMG/Mwave (- 7.83 ± 12.01%) and passive torque (- 2.16 ± 7.25%). PCS decreased PTT (- 3.40 ± 6.03%), RTD (- 2.96 ± 5.16%), and passive torque (- 2.16 ± 2.05%). IC decreased passive torque (- 7.72 ± 1.97%) and enhanced PTT (+ 5.77 ± 5.19%) and RTD (+ 7.36 ± 8.35%). However, SSIC attenuated PTT and RTD improvements as compared to IC. CONCLUSION These results suggested that dynamic stretching is multi-component and would result from an interaction between stretching, contraction, and movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis César Leite Vieira
- Center for Performance Expertise, INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France.,College of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Jules Opplert
- Center for Performance Expertise, INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Nicolas Babault
- Center for Performance Expertise, INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France.
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Maroto-Izquierdo S, Bautista IJ, Martín Rivera F. Post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) after a single bout of high-intensity flywheel resistance training. Biol Sport 2020; 37:343-50. [PMID: 33343067 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2020.96318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the post-activation performance enhancements (PAPE) induced by a high-intensity single set of accentuated eccentric isoinertial resistance exercise on vertical jump performance. Twenty physically active male university students performed, in randomized counterbalanced order, two different conditioning activities (CA) after a general preestablished warm-up: a conditioning set of 6 maximum repetitions at high intensity (i.e., individualized optimal moment of inertia [0.083 ± 0.03 kg·m-2]) of the flywheel half-squat exercise in the experimental condition, or a set of 6 maximal countermovement jumps (CMJ) instead of the flywheel exercise in the control condition. CMJ height, CMJ concentric peak power and CMJ concentric peak velocity were assessed at baseline (i.e., 3 minutes after the warm-up) and 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 minutes after the CA in both experimental and control protocols. Only after the experimental protocol were significant gains in vertical jump performance (p < 0.05, ES range 0.10–1.34) at 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 minutes after the CA observed. In fact, the experimental protocol showed greater (p < 0.05) CMJ height, concentric peak power and concentric peak velocity enhancements compared to the control condition. In conclusion, a single set of high-intensity flywheel training led to PAPE in CMJ performance after 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 minutes in physically active young men.
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Hills SP, Aben HGJ, Starr DP, Kilduff LP, Arent SM, Barwood MJ, Radcliffe JN, Cooke CB, Russell M. Body temperature and physical performance responses are not maintained at the time of pitch-entry when typical substitute-specific match-day practices are adopted before simulated soccer match-play. J Sci Med Sport 2020; 24:511-516. [PMID: 33317982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To profile performance and physiological responses to typical patterns of match-day activity for second-half soccer substitutes. DESIGN Descriptive. METHODS Following a warm-up, 13 male team sports players underwent ∼85min of rest, punctuated with five min rewarm-ups at ∼25, ∼50, and ∼70min, before ∼30min of simulated soccer match-play. Countermovement jump performance (jump height, peak power output), alongside 15m sprints, were assessed post-warm-up, and pre- and post-simulated match-play. Core temperature, heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion, and blood glucose and lactate concentrations were measured throughout. RESULTS Warm-up-induced core temperature elevations (∼2.3%, +0.85°C; p<0.001) were maintained until after the first rewarm-up. Thereafter, core temperature was reduced from post-warm-up values until pre-simulated match-play (∼1.6%, -0.60°C; p<0.001), where values were similar to pre-warm-up (37.07±0.24°C, p=0.981). Simulated match-play increased core temperature progressively (p≤0.05) but values remained lower than post-warm-up (∼5min; p=0.002) until ∼10min into exercise. From post-warm-up to pre-simulated match-play, sprint times (∼3.9%, +0.10s, p=0.003), jump height (∼9.4%, -3.1cm; p=0.017), and peak power output (∼7.2%, -296W; p<0.001) worsened. Despite increased ratings of perceived exertion and elevated blood lactate concentrations (p≤0.05), sprint times were maintained throughout exercise, whereas peak power increased (∼7.8%, +294W; p=0.006) pre- to post-exercise. CONCLUSIONS At the point of simulated pitch-entry, body temperature and physical performance responses were not maintained from warm-up cessation despite typical substitute-specific match-day practices being employed in thermoneutral conditions. Evidence of performance-limiting fatigue was absent during ∼30min of simulated match-play. These data question the efficacy of practices typically implemented by substitutes before pitch-entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel P Hills
- School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Hendrickus G J Aben
- School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, United Kingdom; Castleford Tigers RLFC, The Mend-A-Hose Jungle, Castleford, United Kingdom
| | - David P Starr
- School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Liam P Kilduff
- Applied Sports Technology, Exercise Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom; Welsh Institute of Performance Science, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Shawn M Arent
- Department of Exercise Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, United States
| | - Martin J Barwood
- School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jon N Radcliffe
- School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Carlton B Cooke
- School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Russell
- School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, United Kingdom.
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Behm DG, Kay AD, Trajano GS, Blazevich AJ. Mechanisms underlying performance impairments following prolonged static stretching without a comprehensive warm-up. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:67-94. [PMID: 33175242 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Whereas a variety of pre-exercise activities have been incorporated as part of a "warm-up" prior to work, combat, and athletic activities for millennia, the inclusion of static stretching (SS) within a warm-up has lost favor in the last 25 years. Research emphasized the possibility of SS-induced impairments in subsequent performance following prolonged stretching without proper dynamic warm-up activities. Proposed mechanisms underlying stretch-induced deficits include both neural (i.e., decreased voluntary activation, persistent inward current effects on motoneuron excitability) and morphological (i.e., changes in the force-length relationship, decreased Ca2+ sensitivity, alterations in parallel elastic component) factors. Psychological influences such as a mental energy deficit and nocebo effects could also adversely affect performance. However, significant practical limitations exist within published studies, e.g., long-stretching durations, stretching exercises with little task specificity, lack of warm-up before/after stretching, testing performed immediately after stretch completion, and risk of investigator and participant bias. Recent research indicates that appropriate durations of static stretching performed within a full warm-up (i.e., aerobic activities before and task-specific dynamic stretching and intense physical activities after SS) have trivial effects on subsequent performance with some evidence of improved force output at longer muscle lengths. For conditions in which muscular force production is compromised by stretching, knowledge of the underlying mechanisms would aid development of mitigation strategies. However, these mechanisms are yet to be perfectly defined. More information is needed to better understand both the warm-up components and mechanisms that contribute to performance enhancements or impairments when SS is incorporated within a pre-activity warm-up.
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Judge LW, Avedesian JM, Bellar DM, Hoover DL, Craig BW, Langley J, Nordmann N, Schoeff MA, Dickin C. Pre- and Post-Activity Stretching Practices of Collegiate Soccer Coaches in the United State. Int J Exerc Sci 2020; 13:260-272. [PMID: 32148642 PMCID: PMC7039475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Current pre- and post-activity stretching guidelines are designed to optimize performance and reduce injury risk. However, it is unclear whether soccer coaches adhere to these recommendations. The purpose of this study was to determine if collegiate soccer coaches' perceptions and practices align with current scientific recommendations. A total of 781 questionnaires were electronically distributed to soccer coaches from NCAA Division I and III universities. The questionnaire obtained demographic, professional, and educational information, as well as stretching practices. Statistical analysis consisted of computing frequency counts and means where applicable. Pearson's Chi-square tests were performed to assess the potential differences in stretching perceptions and practices among the cohort of soccer coaches. Results suggest that soccer coaches are choosing some forms of stretching more frequently than other coaches (χ2 = 342.7, p < 0.001). Further analysis failed to determine significant associations between stretching type and coaching certification, level, sex, years of experience, and age. Of the 209 respondents, 84.9% believed pre-activity stretching to be of greater than average importance on a seven-point Likert scale. Dynamic stretching (68.7%) or a combination of static and ballistic stretching (18.0%) prior to athletic events was the most typical stretching prescribed. Current post-activity practices demonstrate that most coaches (95.4%) are using some form of a general cool-down following practice or competition. This study is an important assessment of the extent to which collegiate coaches administer appropriate stretching techniques. Most coaches adhere to current recommendations; however, they should continue to evaluate their practices against ongoing research and the practices of their peers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David M Bellar
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Donald L Hoover
- Department of Physical Therapy, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Bruce W Craig
- School of Kinesiology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - Jason Langley
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport, University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN, USA
| | - Nick Nordmann
- School of Kinesiology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | | | - Clark Dickin
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
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Lee MH. Online and offline contributions to motor learning change with practice, but are similar across development. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:2865-73. [PMID: 31468063 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05639-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Children show motor learning deficits relative to adults across a diverse range of tasks. One mechanism that has been proposed to underlie these differences is the contribution of online and offline components to overall learning; however, these tasks have almost focused exclusively on sequence learning paradigms which are characterized by performance gains in the offline phase. Here, we examined the role of online and offline learning in a novel motor task which was characterized by warm-up decrement, i.e., a performance loss, during the offline phase. In particular, using a relatively extended practice period, we examined if differences between children and adults persist across relatively long practice periods, and if the contribution of online and offline learning is affected by age and by practice itself. Two groups of children, 8-10 years and 11-13 years old, and one group of young adults (N = 30, n = 10/group) learned a novel task that required control of upper body movements to control a cursor on a screen. Participants learned the task over 5 days and we measured movement time as the primary task performance variable. Consistent with prior results, we found that 8-10 year olds had longer movement times compared to both 11-13 year olds and adults. We also found distinct changes in online and offline learning with practice; the amount of online learning decreased with practice, whereas offline learning was relatively stable across practice. However, there was no detectable effect of age group on either online or offline learning. These results suggest that age-related differences in learning among children 8-10 years old are persistent even after extended practice but are not necessarily accounted for by differences in online and offline learning.
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Lopes M, Lopes S, Patinha T, Araújo F, Rodrigues M, Costa R, Oliveira J, Ribeiro F. Balance and proprioception responses to FIFA 11+ in amateur futsal players: Short and long-term effects. J Sports Sci 2019; 37:2300-2308. [PMID: 31200633 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1628626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: The FIFA 11+ has shown positive effects on balance and proprioception parameters in football players. As there have been very few research studies involving futsal, we examined the short and long term effects of the FIFA 11+ on static and dynamic balance, as well as proprioception in male amateur futsal players. Methods: Seventy-one male futsal players were randomized to two groups (FIFA 11+: n = 37, age: 27.33 ± 4.33 years; Control: n = 34, age: 25.55 ± 4.65 years). Intervention lasted 10 weeks, 2 sessions per week, succeeded by a 10-week follow-up period. For balance testing, we assessed the single-legged postural sway with a force platform (static balance) and the Y balance test (dynamic balance). Proprioception was assessed with active joint position sense testing. Results: Complete pre-post intervention and follow-up tests were available for 61 players. The FIFA 11+ group showed higher training exposure and lower body mass index and body weight. After adjustment for baseline differences, no significant differences between groups were observed in the pre-post changes for centre of pressure measures, Y-balance and proprioception parameters both at short and long-term. Conclusions: Performing FIFA 11+ for 10 weeks did not improve static and dynamic balance as well as proprioception in amateur futsal players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Lopes
- a School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Susana Lopes
- a School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Telma Patinha
- a School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Fábio Araújo
- b Institute of Public Health, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Mário Rodrigues
- a School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Rui Costa
- c School of Health Sciences and CINTESIS@UA, University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - José Oliveira
- d Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure -CIAFEL, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Fernando Ribeiro
- e School of Health Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
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28
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Lopes M, Rodrigues JM, Monteiro P, Rodrigues M, Costa R, Oliveira J, Ribeiro F. Effects of the FIFA 11+ on ankle evertors latency time and knee muscle strength in amateur futsal players. Eur J Sport Sci 2019; 20:24-34. [PMID: 31092112 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1609588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: The FIFA 11+ has shown to increase muscle strength and reduce injury risk. The purpose of this study was to assess the short and long-term effects of the FIFA 11+ on knee strength, and muscle latency after sudden inversion of amateur futsal players.Methods: Seventy-one male futsal players were recruited and randomized to a FIFA 11+ (n = 37, age: 27.0 ± 5.1 years) and a control group (n = 34, age: 26.0 ± 5.1 years). The FIFA 11+ programme was executed twice a week, for 10 weeks, followed-up after 10 weeks where both groups executed regular warm-ups. Concentric and eccentric isokinetic knee muscle strength was tested and latency time of the evertor muscles after sudden inversion of the ankle was executed with a trapdoor mechanism following an EMG protocol of selected leg muscles (peroneus brevis and peroneus longus).Results: No significant difference were observed between groups for short-term changes in isokinetic strength after adjustment for baseline differences. At long-term, significant gains were obtained after adjustment for baseline differences in eccentric strength for both lower limbs as for the H/Q ratios for the dominant limb. No changes between groups were observed in the peroneus brevis and peroneus longus latency time.Conclusions: Performing FIFA 11+ did not have short-term effects on knee strength and muscle latency after sudden inversion in amateur futsal players. However, significant long-term benefits were observed for eccentric strength and H/Q ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Lopes
- School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João Manuel Rodrigues
- IEETA - Institute of Electronics and Informatics Engineering of Aveiro and DETI - Department of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Monteiro
- School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mário Rodrigues
- School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rui Costa
- School of Health Sciences and CINTESIS@UA, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - José Oliveira
- Faculty of Sport, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Ribeiro
- School of Health Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Saldías M, Guzman M, Sandoval G, Vergara C, Lizana J, Quezada C. Water Resistance Therapy as Vocal Warm-Up Method in Contemporary Commercial Music Singers. Folia Phoniatr Logop 2019; 72:1-12. [PMID: 31060037 DOI: 10.1159/000494722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Although water resistance therapy (WRT) has been widely used in voice training, no data are supporting the effectiveness of WRT as vocal warm-up for singers. The present study aimed to determine the effects of WRT as a vocal warm-up method in contemporary commercial music (CCM) singers. METHODS Twenty-two CCM singers were randomly assigned to one of two types of 15-min vocal warm-up: open vocal tract (OVT) warm-up and WRT. Self-perceived resonant voice quality and aerodynamic, electroglottographic, and acoustic measures were assessed before, immediately after vocal warm-up, and after 40 min of vocal loading. RESULTS Significant results were found immediately after vocal warm-up. Subglottic pressure and inspiratory airflow duration decreased in both groups. SPL decreased for the OVT group. No changes in SPL were found for the WRT group. Significant results were observed after vocal loading. Subglottic pressure and inspiratory airflow duration decreased for both groups after vocal loading. Expiratory airflow duration and electroglottographic contact quotient decreased for the OVT group. CONCLUSION Some objective data suggest that the WRT method is more effective as vocal warm-up than OVT exercises. Since outcomes in self-perceived resonant voice quality for both methods were similar but physiological effects were different, vocal warm-up strategies might produce a placebo effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Saldías
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile,
| | - Marco Guzman
- Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Otolaryngology, Clinica las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriela Sandoval
- School of Speech and Language Pathology, SEK University, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carla Vergara
- School of Speech and Language Pathology, SEK University, Santiago, Chile
| | - Josselyn Lizana
- School of Speech and Language Pathology, SEK University, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camilo Quezada
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Abstract
Pharmacologic management of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is the mainstay of preventative therapy. There are some nonpharmacologic interventions, however, that may assist the management of EIB. This review discusses these nonpharmacologic interventions and how they may be applied to patients and athletes with EIB.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Dickinson
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, UK
| | - Israel Amirav
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Morten Hostrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh 2nd Floor, Universitetsparken 13, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Grady ML, Cook-Cunningham SL. The Effects of Three Physical and Vocal Warm-up Procedures on Acoustic and Perceptual Measures of Choral Sound: Study Replication With Younger Populations. J Voice 2019; 34:647.e15-647.e22. [PMID: 30598421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to replicate a previous investigation to assess with two intact children's choirs and a high school choir the potential effects of three choral warm-up procedures (vocal-only, physical-only, physical/vocal combination) on acoustic and perceptual measures of choral sound. METHODS The researchers tested three videotaped, 5-minute, choral warm-up procedures on two children's and one high school choir. After participating in a warm-up procedure, each choir was recorded singing a folk song for long-term average spectra and pitch analysis. Singer participants responded to a questionnaire about preferences after each warm-up procedure. Warm-up procedures and recording sessions occurred during each choir's regular rehearsal time and in each choir's regular rehearsal space during three consecutive rehearsals. RESULTS Long-term average spectra results demonstrated more resonant singing after the physical/vocal warm-up for two of the three choirs. Pitch analysis results indicated that two of the three choirs sang "in-tune" after participating in the physical/vocal warm-up and two choirs sang "in-tune" after participating in the physical-only warm-up. Singer questionnaire responses showed a preference for the physical/vocal combination warm-up, and singer ranking of the three procedures indicated the physical/vocal warm-up as the most favored for readiness to sing. CONCLUSIONS This study replication indicates similar conclusions as the original investigation with university choruses: a combination choral warm-up that includes both physical and vocal aspects is preferred by singers of all ages, enables more resonant singing, and more in-tune singing. Findings from these investigations provide choral educators with compelling information concerning efficient and effective choral warm-up procedures.
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Gatterer H, Lorenzi D, Ruedl G, Burtscher M. The "FIFA 11+" injury prevention program improves body stability in child (10 year old) soccer players. Biol Sport 2018; 35:153-8. [PMID: 30455543 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2018.71604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The suitability of the FIFA 11+ prevention programme to improve selected performance outcomes in children aged < 14 years has not been established yet. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the FIFA 11+ programme on jump ability and stability in 10-year-old child soccer players. Sixteen young soccer players (aged 10 years) were randomly assigned to a conventional or a FIFA 11+ warm-up group. During a 5-week training period with 2 sessions per week the FIFA 11+ group warmed up with the 11+ programme, whereas the control group subjects performed their usual warm-up programme (e.g. running exercises with dribbling and/or passing techniques included). After the warm-up, both groups performed the same training exercises during each session. Before and after the training period, standing long jump performance and body stability (S3 Check, unstable uniaxial platform) were assessed. Significant improvements in the stability index were found in both groups (5.6±1.1 to 3.5±1.0 and 5.5±0.8 to 4.0±1.5 for the FIFA 11+ and the control group, respectively, p<0.001, partial η²=0.886 for the training effect of the analysis of variance) with likely (qualitative inference analysis) greater improvements in the FIFA 11+ group compared to the control group (p=0.078, partial η²=0.205 for the training x group interaction effect of the analysis of variance). Training had no effect on standing long jump performance (p>0.05). Data indicate that in 10-year-old soccer players the FIFA 11+ programme may have the potential to improve stability. Thus, the FIFA 11+ programme might contribute to injury prevention and possibly to better soccer performance as well. This might especially apply if the programme is performed over a longer period and/or with more weekly training sessions. Based on the present results the inclusion of such a programme within the training practice of the child soccer player can be recommended.
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Chen CH, Chen YS, Wang YT, Tseng WC, Ye X. Effects of preconditioning hamstring resistance exercises on repeated sprinting-induced muscle damage in female soccer players. Biol Sport 2018; 35:269-75. [PMID: 30449945 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2018.77827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine whether adding preconditioning hamstring resistance exercises to a regular warm-up prior to a repeated sprinting exercise provides protection against the sprinting-induced muscle damage. Ten female soccer players (mean ± SD age: 21.3 ± 4.5yrs; height: 171.34 ± 8.29 cm; weight: 68.53 ± 11.27 kg) participated in this study. After the familiarization visit, the subjects completed three separate randomly sequenced experimental visits, during which three different warm-up interventions were performed before the muscle-damaging protocol (12 sets of 30-m maximal repeated sprints): 1. Regular running and static stretching (Control); 2. Control with hyperextensions (HE); 3. Control with single leg Romanian deadlift (SLRD). Before (Pre), immediately (Post0), 24 hours (24hr), and 48 hours after (48hr) the sprints, hamstring muscle thickness, muscle stiffness, knee flexion eccentric peak torque, knee extension concentric peak torque, and functional hamstring to quadriceps ratios were measured. Repeated sprints have induced muscle damage (e.g., an average of 42% knee flexion eccentric strength reduction) in all three conditions. After the SLRD, hamstring muscle thickness decreased from 24hr to 48hr (p < 0.001). Additionally, muscle stiffness and eccentric strength for the SLRD showed no difference from baseline at 24hr and 48hr, respectively. When compared with the SLRD at 48hr, the muscle stiffness and the eccentric strength were greater and lower, respectively, in other protocols. The SLRD protocol had protective effect on sprinting-induced muscle damage markers than other protocols. Athletes whose competitions/training are densely scheduled may take advantage of this strategy to facilitate muscle recovery.
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Blagrove RC, Holding KM, Patterson SD, Howatson G, Hayes PR. Efficacy of depth jumps to elicit a post-activation performance enhancement in junior endurance runners. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 22:239-244. [PMID: 30107984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of performing depth jumps (DJ) pre-exercise on running economy (RE) and time to exhaustion (TTE) at the speed associated with maximal oxygen uptake (sV˙O2max) in a group of high-performing junior middle-distance runners. DESIGN Randomized crossover study. METHODS Seventeen national- and international-standard male distance runners (17.6±1.2years, 63.4±6.3kg, 1.76±0.06m, 70.7±5.2mLkg-1min-1) completed two trials. Following a 5min warm-up at 60% V˙O2max, participants performed a 5min run at 20%Δ below oxygen uptake corresponding with lactate turn-point to determine pre-intervention RE. Participants then completed either six DJ from a box equivalent to their best counter-movement jump (CMJ) or a control condition (C) involving body weight quarter squats. After a 10min passive recovery, another 5min sub-maximal run was performed followed by a run to exhaustion at sV˙O2max. RESULTS Compared to the C trial, DJ produced moderate improvements (-3.7%, 95% confidence interval for effect size: 0.25-1.09) in RE, which within the context of minimal detectable change is considered possibly beneficial. Differences in TTE and other physiological variables were most likely trivial (ES: <0.2). Individual responses were small, however a partial correlation revealed a moderate relationship (r=-0.55, p=0.028) between change in RE and CMJ height. CONCLUSIONS The inclusion of a set of six DJ in the warm-up routine of a well-trained young male middle-distance runner is likely to provide a moderate improvement in RE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Blagrove
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Birmingham City University, City South Campus, United Kingdom; Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, United Kingdom.
| | - Kristina M Holding
- Department of Sport and Exercise, School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen D Patterson
- Department of Sport and Exercise, School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University, United Kingdom
| | - Glyn Howatson
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, United Kingdom; Water Research Group, Northwest University, South Africa
| | - Philip R Hayes
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, United Kingdom
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Cuenca-Fernández F, López-Contreras G, Mourão L, de Jesus K, de Jesus K, Zacca R, Vilas-Boas JP, Fernandes RJ, Arellano R. Eccentric flywheel post-activation potentiation influences swimming start performance kinetics. J Sports Sci 2018; 37:443-451. [PMID: 30070620 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1505183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effects of post-activation potentiation in the strength related variables of a kick start. Thirteen competitive swimmers performed three kick starts after a standardized warm up (denoted USUAL) and another after inducing post-activation through five isotonic repetitions on an eccentric flywheel (denoted PAP). A T-test was used to quantify differences between USUAL and PAP warm up. The best trial of each subject achieved by natural conditions (denoted PEAK) was compared with data obtained after PAP. An instrumented starting block with independent triaxial force plates, collected the strength variables related with the impulse at take off. Improvements in the vertical components of force were observed after PAP compared with USUAL, meanwhile no differences were detected on the horizontal components of it. The velocity at take off was higher after PAP compared with USUAL (4.32 ± 0.88 vs 3.93 ± 0.60 m*s-1; p = 0.02). No differences in force or velocity were detected comparing PAP with PEAK (4.13 ± 0.62 m*s-1, p = 0.11). The PAP warm-up increased vertical force and it was transferred to a higher resultant velocity at take-off. This improvement would equal the best result possible obtained in natural conditions after some trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Cuenca-Fernández
- a Physical Activity and Sports Department. Faculty of Sport Sciences , University of Granada , Granada , ( Spain
| | - Gracia López-Contreras
- a Physical Activity and Sports Department. Faculty of Sport Sciences , University of Granada , Granada , ( Spain
| | - Luis Mourão
- b Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty f Sport , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,c Porto Biomechanics Laboratory , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Karla de Jesus
- b Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty f Sport , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,c Porto Biomechanics Laboratory , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,d Ministry of Education of Brazil , CAPES Foundation , Brasília , Brazil.,e Human Performance Studies Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy , Federal University of Amazon , Manaus, Amazon , Brazil
| | - Kelly de Jesus
- b Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty f Sport , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,c Porto Biomechanics Laboratory , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,d Ministry of Education of Brazil , CAPES Foundation , Brasília , Brazil.,e Human Performance Studies Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy , Federal University of Amazon , Manaus, Amazon , Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Zacca
- b Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty f Sport , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,c Porto Biomechanics Laboratory , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,d Ministry of Education of Brazil , CAPES Foundation , Brasília , Brazil
| | - J Paulo Vilas-Boas
- b Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty f Sport , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,c Porto Biomechanics Laboratory , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Ricardo J Fernandes
- b Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty f Sport , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,c Porto Biomechanics Laboratory , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Raúl Arellano
- a Physical Activity and Sports Department. Faculty of Sport Sciences , University of Granada , Granada , ( Spain
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Wilke J, Niederer D, Vogt L, Banzer W. Head coaches' attitudes towards injury prevention and use of related methods in professional basketball: A survey. Phys Ther Sport 2018; 32:133-9. [PMID: 29793121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the practices and attitudes of professional basketball head coaches towards injury prevention. DESIGN Survey. SETTING Elite-level basketball. PARTICIPANTS Head coaches of all 366 German professional teams. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Use of injury risk screening methods, rated importance of different musculoskeletal injuries and rated effectiveness of preventive interventions. RESULTS Eighty-three of 366 invited coaches (23%) responded to the survey. No non-response bias was detected. Only one of three teams conducts systematic injury screenings. The most commonly used test was the functional movement screen (73.1% of users), while balance and strength testing (both 38.5%) were least prevalent. Top-rated preventive interventions included balance and strength training, training of functional movement patterns, and stretching. In contrast, passive interventions, e.g. the use of orthoses, were not considered effective. The involvement of a health professional (e.g. physiotherapist) was associated with the performance of injury screening, but not with the choice of specific tests or preventive strategies. CONCLUSIONS The methods applied to conduct injury screening and prevent musculoskeletal disorders in German professional basketball teams seem only partially backed by scientific evidence. Although not correlated with the tests and interventions used, the involvement of health-related stakeholders might help to identify players at increased injury risk.
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Rey E, Padrón-Cabo A, Penedo-Jamardo E, González-Víllora S. Effect of the 11+ injury prevention programme on fundamental movement patterns in soccer players. Biol Sport 2018; 35:229-36. [PMID: 30449940 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2018.74636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
No studies have assessed whether changes in an individual’s fundamental movement patterns can be achieved with the 11+ prevention programme in soccer players. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the 11+ compared with a standard warm-up on fundamental movement patterns using the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) in amateur male soccer players. Twenty-three male soccer players (age: 24.7±.3.8 years; height: 1.77±0.58 m; body mass: 73.9±6.2 kg) were randomly assigned to the 11+ (n= 12) or control (n= 11) group. The intervention programme had to be carried out 3 times a week over 6 weeks. The 11+ warm-up lasted ~25 minutes and was conducted before starting regular practice, replacing the team’s standard warm-up. The control group warmed up with standard jogging, ball exercises, and active stretching to match the duration of the 11+. Within-group analysis revealed significant improvements in the FMS total score in the 11+ (+10.51%; d= 0.83) and control group (+7.99%; d= 0.68) from pre-test to post-test. In the between-group analysis, there were no significant differences between groups. At the post-test a significantly greater number of players in the 11+ group exhibited a score that improved to above the injury threshold (≤14) (p= 0.046). This study suggests that regular implementation of the 11+ injury prevention programme may not produce additional improvements in fundamental movement patterns other than those produced by a standard warm-up.
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Park HK, Jung MK, Park E, Lee CY, Jee YS, Eun D, Cha JY, Yoo J. The effect of warm-ups with stretching on the isokinetic moments of collegiate men. J Exerc Rehabil 2018; 14:78-82. [PMID: 29511656 PMCID: PMC5833972 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1835210.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Performing warm-ups increases muscle temperature and blood flow, which contributes to improved exercise performance and reduced risk of injuries to muscles and tendons. Stretching increases the range of motion of the joints and is effective for the maintenance and enhancement of exercise performance and flexibility, as well as for injury prevention. However, stretching as a warm-up activity may temporarily decrease muscle strength, muscle power, and exercise performance. This study aimed to clarify the effect of stretching during warm-ups on muscle strength, muscle power, and muscle endurance in a nonathletic population. The subjects of this study consisted of 13 physically active male collegiate students with no medical conditions. A self-assessment questionnaire regarding how well the subjects felt about their physical abilities was administered to measure psychological readiness before and after the warm-up. Subjects performed a non-warm-up, warm-up, or warm-up regimen with stretching prior to the assessment of the isokinetic moments of knee joints. After the measurements, the respective variables were analyzed using nonparametric tests. First, no statistically significant intergroup differences were found in the flexor and extensor peak torques of the knee joints at 60°/sec, which were assessed to measure muscle strength. Second, no statistically significant intergroup differences were found in the flexor and extensor peak torques of the knee joints at 180°/sec, which were assessed to measure muscle power. Third, the total work of the knee joints at 240°/sec, intended to measure muscle endurance, was highest in the aerobic-stretch-warm-ups (ASW) group, but no statistically significant differences were found among the groups. Finally, the psychological readiness for physical activity according to the type of warm-up was significantly higher in ASW. Simple stretching during warm-ups appears to have no effect on variables of exercise physiology in nonathletes who participate in routine recreational sport activities. However, they seem to have a meaningful effect on exercise performance by affording psychological stability, preparation, and confidence in exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung-Kil Park
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Jung
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Sahmyook University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Eunkyung Park
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX,
USA
| | | | - Yong-Seok Jee
- Department of Physical Activity Design, Hanseo University, Seosan,
Korea
| | - Denny Eun
- Department of Physical Activity Design, Hanseo University, Seosan,
Korea
| | - Jun-Youl Cha
- Department of Sports and Guard, Howon University, Gunsan,
Korea
| | - Jaehyun Yoo
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Sahmyook University, Seoul,
Korea
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Yang WW, Chou LW, Chen WH, Shiang TY, Liu C. Dual-frequency whole body vibration enhances vertical jumping and change-of-direction ability in rugby players. J Sport Health Sci 2017; 6:346-351. [PMID: 30356653 PMCID: PMC6189261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional vertical and side-alternating whole body vibrations (WBV) can effectively improve muscle power performance but have a limited efficacy for enhancing change-of-direction (COD) ability. Novel dual-plate WBV uniquely providing various directions of movements with higher and distinctive frequencies for each leg may cause better acute effect on muscle power and stretch-shortening cycle efficacy contributing to COD ability. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of dual- or single-frequency WBV on squat jumps (SJs), countermovement jumps (CMJs), eccentric utilization ratios (EURs), and COD ability in rugby players. METHODS Fourteen male rugby players were recruited and performed a 4 min partial squat with 3 types of WBV protocols on a dual-plate WBV machine, including 1 dual-frequency WBV protocol (DFW) with the dominant leg receiving 35 Hz and the non-dominant leg receiving 45 Hz, and 2 single-frequency WBV protocols (SFWs) with 35 Hz or 45 Hz provided to both legs (SFW35Hz and SFW45Hz) on 3 different days. RESULTS The results showed that all the vibration protocols significantly improved SJ and CMJ performances (SJ: p = 0.008; CMJ: p < 0.001), but did not significantly change EURs (p > 0.05). In addition, only the DFW significantly improved COD ability (p = 0.001 for the pre-post comparison). CONCLUSION A 4 min dual-frequency WBV session improved both vertical jumping and COD ability in rugby players, suggesting that this could be a potential warm-up protocol for athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Yang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Equipment Technology, University of Taipei, Taipei 111, Taiwan, China
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, China
| | - Li-Wei Chou
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, China
| | - Wei-Han Chen
- Graduate Institute of Sports Equipment Technology, University of Taipei, Taipei 111, Taiwan, China
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, China
| | - Tzyy-Yuang Shiang
- Department of Athletic Performance, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan, China
| | - Chiang Liu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Equipment Technology, University of Taipei, Taipei 111, Taiwan, China
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Abstract
Background Static stretching (SS) is a recovery intervention used for the reduction of muscle soreness postexercise. The effects of SS on elite young footballers have received little attention, and therefore the aim of this study was to assess the effects of SS on muscle recovery following competitive soccer matches in elite young footballers. Methods Ten male participants (16±1 years) were recruited from an English Premier League professional soccer academy. Using a controlled crossover design, participants followed one of two recovery interventions (SS or passive recovery (PR)) immediately following completion of competitive soccer matches. Muscle oedema, creatine kinase (CK), countermovement jump with arms (CMJA) performance and perceived muscle soreness were assessed before, immediately after and 48 hours postmatch. Results Competitive soccer matches significantly induced muscle damage, with time intervals of perceived soreness and CK showing significant increases (p<0.05), and CMJA showing significant decreases between prematch, postmatch and 48 hours postmatch for both SS and PR (p<0.05). Comparisons of the absolute effects of SS with PR only revealed significant decreases for CK 48 hours postmatch (p<0.05) as a result of SS intervention. Conclusion The current study demonstrated competitive soccer matches induced muscle damage, which may have detrimental effects on future performance within 24–48 hours postmatch. Furthermore, there was limited evidence to suggest SS would assist in the reduction of muscle soreness postexercise. Therefore, it can be argued that SS is not a beneficial recovery option for elite youth soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Pooley
- Medical and Sports Science Department, Tottenham Hotspur Football Club, London, UK
| | - Owen Spendiff
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, London, UK
| | - Matt Allen
- Medical and Sports Science Department, Tottenham Hotspur Football Club, London, UK
| | - Hannah J Moir
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, London, UK
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Dunsky A, Barzilay I, Fox O. Effect of a specialized injury prevention program on static balance, dynamic balance and kicking accuracy of young soccer players. World J Orthop 2017; 8:317-321. [PMID: 28473959 PMCID: PMC5396016 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v8.i4.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the effect of balance intervention program using the “FIFA 11+” program on static and dynamic balance and kicking accuracy of young soccer players.
METHODS Twenty young soccer players were allocated to experimental (n = 10) or control (n = 10) groups. The experimental group performed the “FIFA 11+” program three times a week for six weeks. The control group performed their normal warm-up routine. The primary outcomes were measured pre and post intervention, and assessed kicking accuracy, static balance and dynamic balance.
RESULTS No differences were found in kicking accuracy following intervention, for both groups, however, static balance improved significantly among the experimental group with significant interaction with the control group, and with high effect size. In addition, the dynamic balance of the left leg of the experimental group, with medium effect size for interaction between groups.
CONCLUSION The large effect size of balance improvement that was observed following six weeks of intervention sessions, implies that soccer trainers and coaches should consider the inclusion of “FIFA 11+” as components of programs aimed at improving balance ability/control in young soccer players, as improvement in balance abilities may prevent injuries.
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Zmyj N, Schneider S, Seehagen S. Fifteen-month-old infants' cortisol levels decrease after a 30-min- warm-up procedure. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 76:11-3. [PMID: 27865993 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Stress-induction procedures designed to increase cortisol levels in infants have been ineffective in many studies. One reason might be that infants did not have sufficient time to settle into the laboratory environment prior to the start of the stress induction, and thus already had high baseline levels of cortisol. In this study we investigate whether an extended warm-up period reduces infants' (N=22) cortisol levels. Fifteen-month-old infants' saliva cortisol was measured upon arrival at the laboratory. Then, they were allowed to play with their parent. After 30min, cortisol was measured again. There was a decrease in cortisol after 30min of free play. Our study suggests that infants' cortisol levels decrease when infants have the opportunity to acclimatize to the test environment. An extended warm-up phase prior to stress induction procedures might be necessary to reliably increase cortisol levels in infants.
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KENDALL BRADLEYJ. The Acute Effects of Static Stretching Compared to Dynamic Stretching with and without an Active Warm up on Anaerobic Performance. Int J Exerc Sci 2017; 10:53-61. [PMID: 28479947 PMCID: PMC5213357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) has been used in many studies to determine anaerobic performance. However, there has been poor reporting of warm-up protocols and limited consistency between warm-up methods that have been used. With the WAnT being such a commonly-used test, consistency in warm-up methods is essential in order to compare results across studies. Therefore, this study was designed to compare how static stretching, dynamic stretching, and an active warm-up affect WAnT performance. Ten recreationally active participants (5 males, 5 females) with a mean (SD) age of 23.3 (0.7) volunteered for this study. Subjects were randomized to a specific order of five warm-up protocols, which were performed on individual days followed by a WAnT. Peak power, mean power, power drop, and fatigue index were compared for each trial using a repeated measures ANOVA. For peak power, results revealed that warm-up protocol had a significant effect, F(4,36) = 3.90, p = .01, partial η2 = .302. It was hypothesized that the dynamic stretching would lead to greater peak power than the static stretching protocol. However, results of post hoc analyses failed to detect a significant difference (p =.065). For the other measured variables no significant differences were found. The findings from this study suggest that warm-up protocols may have significantly different impacts on peak power during the WAnT. Additional research should use larger sample sizes and further explore these warm-up protocols. Developing a standardized warm-up protocol for the WAnT may improve consistency between studies.
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Pike TW, Pathak S, Mushtaq F, Wilkie RM, Mon-Williams M, Lodge JPA. A systematic examination of preoperative surgery warm-up routines. Surg Endosc 2017; 31:2202-14. [PMID: 27633438 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-016-5218-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence indicates that a preoperative warm-up is a potentially useful tool in facilitating performance. But what factors drive such improvements and how should a warm-up be implemented? METHODS In order to address these issues, we adopted a two-pronged approach: (1) we conducted a systematic review of the literature to identify existing studies utilising preoperative simulation techniques; (2) we performed task analysis to identify the constituent parts of effective warm-ups. We identified five randomised control trials, four randomised cross-over trials and four case series. The majority of these studies reviewed surgical performance following preoperative simulation relative to performance without simulation. RESULTS Four studies reported outcome measures in real patients and the remainder reported simulated outcome measures. All but one of the studies found that preoperative simulation improves operative outcomes-but this improvement was not found across all measured parameters. While the reviewed studies had a number of methodological issues, the global data indicate that preoperative simulation has substantial potential to improve surgical performance. Analysis of the task characteristics of successful interventions indicated that the majority of these studies employed warm-ups that focused on the visual motor elements of surgery. However, there was no theoretical or empirical basis to inform the design of the intervention in any of these studies. CONCLUSIONS There is an urgent need for a more rigorous approach to the development of "warm-up" routines if the potential value of preoperative simulation is to be understood and realised. We propose that such interventions need to be grounded in theory and empirical evidence on human motor performance.
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Özdal M, Bostanci Ö, Dağlioğlu Ö, Ağaoğlu SA, Kabadayi M. Effect of respiratory warm-up on anaerobic power. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:2097-8. [PMID: 27512273 PMCID: PMC4968514 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.2097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of respiratory muscle warm-up on anaerobic power. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty male field hockey players (age, 20.5 ± 2.0 years) each participated in a control (CAN) trial and an experimental (EAN) trial. The EAN trial involved respiratory muscle warm-up, while the CAN trial did not. Anaerobic power was measured using the Wingate protocol. Paired sample t-tests were used to compare the EAN and CAN trials. [Results] There were significant increases in peak power and relative peak power, and decreases in the time to peak after the EAN trial by 8.9%, 9.6%, and 28.8% respectively. [Conclusion] Respiratory muscle warm-up may positively affect anaerobic power due to faster attainment of peak power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Özdal
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, School of Physical Education and Sport, Gaziantep University, Turkey
| | - Özgür Bostanci
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Science, Ondokuz Mayis University, Turkey
| | - Önder Dağlioğlu
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, School of Physical Education and Sport, Gaziantep University, Turkey
| | - Seydi Ahmet Ağaoğlu
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Science, Ondokuz Mayis University, Turkey
| | - Menderes Kabadayi
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Science, Ondokuz Mayis University, Turkey
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Arend M, Kivastik J, Mäestu J. Maximal inspiratory pressure is influenced by intensity of the warm-up protocol. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2016; 230:11-5. [PMID: 27181328 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the effect of inspiratory muscle warm-up protocols with different intensities and breathing repetitions on maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP). Ten healthy and recreationally active men (183.3±5.5cm, 83.7±7.8kg, 26.4±4.1years) completed four different inspiratory muscle (IM) warm-up protocols (2×30 inspirations at 40% MIP, 2×12 inspirations at 60% MIP, 2×6 inspirations at 80% MIP, 2×30 inspirations at 15% MIP) on separate, randomly assigned visits. Pre-post values of MIP using MicroRPM (Micro Medical, Kent, UK) showed a significant increase in the mean values after the IM warm-up (POWERbreathe(®) K1, Warwickshire, UK) with 40% MIP and 60% MIP warm-up protocols, when MIP increased by 7cm H2O (95% CI: 0.10…13.89) (p=0.047) and by 6.4cm H2O (95% CI: 2.98…13.83) (p=0.027), respectively. In conclusion, a higher intensity inspiratory muscle warm-up protocol (2×12 breaths at 60% of MIP) can increase IM strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mati Arend
- University of Tartu, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Jakobi 5, Tartu 51014, Estonia.
| | - Jana Kivastik
- University of Tartu, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia.
| | - Jarek Mäestu
- University of Tartu, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Jakobi 5, Tartu 51014, Estonia.
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Yıldırım MS, Ozyurek S, Tosun O, Uzer S, Gelecek N. Comparison of effects of static, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and Mulligan stretching on hip flexion range of motion: a randomized controlled trial. Biol Sport 2016; 33:89-94. [PMID: 26929476 PMCID: PMC4763548 DOI: 10.5604/20831862.1194126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of static stretching, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching and Mulligan technique on hip flexion range of motion (ROM) in subjects with bilateral hamstring tightness. A total of 40 students (mean age: 21.5±1.3 years, mean body height: 172.8±8.2 cm, mean body mass index: 21.9±3.0 kg · m-2) with bilateral hamstring tightness were enrolled in this randomized trial, of whom 26 completed the study. Subjects were divided into 4 groups performing (I) typical static stretching, (II) PNF stretching, (III) Mulligan traction straight leg raise (TSLR) technique, (IV) no intervention. Hip flexion ROM was measured using a digital goniometer with the passive straight leg raise test before and after 4 weeks by two physiotherapists blinded to the groups. 52 extremities of 26 subjects were analyzed. Hip flexion ROM increased in all three intervention groups (p<0.05) but not in the no-intervention group after 4 weeks. A statistically significant change in initial–final assessment differences of hip flexion ROM was found between groups (p<0.001) in favour of PNF stretching and Mulligan TSLR technique in comparison to typical static stretching (p=0.016 and p=0.02, respectively). No significant difference was found between Mulligan TSLR technique and PNF stretching (p=0.920). The initial–final assessment difference of hip flexion ROM was similar in typical static stretching and no intervention (p=0.491). A 4-week stretching intervention is beneficial for increasing hip flexion ROM in bilateral hamstring tightness. However, PNF stretching and Mulligan TSLR technique are superior to typical static stretching. These two interventions can be alternatively used for stretching in hamstring tightness.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Yıldırım
- Dokuz Eylül University, School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Turkey
| | - S Ozyurek
- Dokuz Eylül University, School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Turkey
| | - Oç Tosun
- Dokuz Eylül University, School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Turkey
| | - S Uzer
- Dokuz Eylül University, School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Turkey
| | - N Gelecek
- Dokuz Eylül University, School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Turkey
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Sim YJ, Byun YH, Yoo J. Comparison of isokinetic muscle strength and muscle power by types of warm-up. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:1491-4. [PMID: 26157247 PMCID: PMC4483425 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.1491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of static stretching at
warm-up on the isokinetic muscle torque (at 60°/sec) and muscle power (at 180°/sec) of the
flexor muscle and extensor muscle of the knee joint. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects
of this study were 10 healthy students with no medically specific findings. The warm-up
group and warm-up with stretching group performed their respective warm-up prior to the
isokinetic muscle torque evaluation of the knee joint. One-way ANOVA was performed by
randomized block design for each variable. [Results] The results were as follows: First,
the flexor peak torque and extensor peak torque of the knee joint tended to decrease at
60°/sec in the warm-up with stretching group compared with the control group and warm-up
group, but without statistical significance. Second, extensor power at 180°/sec was also
not statistically significant. However, it was found that flexor power increased
significantly in the warm-up with stretching group at 180°/sec compared with the control
group and warm-up group in which stretching was not performed. [Conclusion] Therefore, it
is considered that in healthy adults, warm-up including two sets of stretching for 20
seconds per muscle group does not decrease muscle strength and muscle power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Je Sim
- Department of Physical Education, Kunsan National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hyun Byun
- Department of Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Sports Science, Dankook University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Yoo
- Department of Health Management, Sahmyook University, Republic of Korea
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Salgado E, Ribeiro F, Oliveira J. Joint-position sense is altered by football pre-participation warm-up exercise and match induced fatigue. Knee 2015; 22:243-8. [PMID: 25864146 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The demands to which football players are exposed during the match may augment the risk of injury by decreasing the sense of joint position. This study aimed to assess the effect of pre-participation warm-up and fatigue induced by an official football match on the knee-joint-position sense of football players. METHODS Fourteen semi-professional male football players (mean age: 25.9±4.6 years old) volunteered in this study. The main outcome measures were rate of perceived exertion and knee-joint-position sense assessed at rest, immediately after a standard warm-up (duration 25 min), and immediately after a competitive football match (90 minutes duration). RESULTS Perceived exertion increased significantly from rest to the other assessments (rest: 8.6±2.0; after warm-up: 12.1±2.1; after football match: 18.5±1.3; p<0.001). Compared to rest, absolute angular error decreased significantly after the warm-up (4.1°±2.2° vs. 2.0°±1.0°; p=0.0045). After the match, absolute angular error (8.7°±3.8°) increased significantly comparatively to both rest (p=0.001) and the end of warm-up (p<0.001). Relative error showed directional bias with an underestimation of the target position, which was higher after the football match compared to both rest (p<0.001) and after warm-up (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that knee-joint-position sense acuity was increased by pre-participation warm-up exercise and was decreased by football match-induced fatigue. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Warm-up exercises could contribute to knee injury prevention, whereas the deleterious effect of match-induced fatigue on the sensorimotor system could ultimately contribute to knee instability and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Salgado
- University of Porto, Faculty of Sport, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Ribeiro
- School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - José Oliveira
- University of Porto, Faculty of Sport, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Porto, Portugal.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated acoustic change in singers' vibrato following imagery and non-imagery tasks. STUDY DESIGN The study used a fully randomized cross-over (six conditions × two times) block design, in which each singer received each intervention in random order. Data were analyzed using the general linear model (GLM). Main effects for time and condition and interaction effects (time × condition) were calculated for each dependent measure. METHODS Six classically trained female singers recorded an 8-bar solo before and after three nonvocal, 25 minute tasks. Each singer performed the tasks in a different randomized order in a single sitting. Task 1 involved imagery of the breath directed up and down as far from the larynx as possible; Task 2 used Braille music code, enabling the singer to engage in tactile, kinesthetic and visual imagery related to music but unrelated to breath function; Task 3 was a nonimagery activity requiring the completion of a cloze passage about breath function. From the 11 longest notes in each solo, spectrograms of the partials were produced and assessed for pre- to post-test changes in vibrato rate, vibrato extent, and sound pressure level (SPL). RESULTS Only the breathing imagery task produced significantly more moderate and regular vibrato rates. Vibrato extent was not responsive to any intervention. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that breathing imagery regulates singers' vibrato in a manner consistent with that of a more proficient, warmed-up voice.
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