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Gomes Y, Santos W, Pinheiro C, Severo J, Oliveira J, da Silva A, dos Santos B, Rocha C, dos Santos A, da Silva M. Moderate physical exercise and ATP modulate the P2X7 receptor and improve cisplatin-induced gastric emptying delay in rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e13234. [PMID: 38716980 PMCID: PMC11085034 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2024e13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients undergoing chemotherapy with cisplatin commonly present gastrointestinal effects such as constipation and gastric emptying (GE) delay. Both the purinergic system and physical exercise modulate the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In the current study, we investigated the role of ATP, physical exercise, and P2X7 receptor blocking on GE delay induced by cisplatin in rats. Male rats were divided into the following groups: control (C), cisplatin (Cis), exercise (Ex), Brilliant Blue G (BBG), ATP, Cis+Ex, Cis+ATP, Cis+BBG, Cis+Ex+BBG, Cis+Ex+BBG+ATP, and Cis+ATP+BBG. GE delay was induced by treatment with 1 mg/kg cisplatin (1 time/week for 5 weeks, ip). The moderate physical exercise was swimming (1 h/day, 5 days/week for 5 weeks). At the end of the treatment or exercise and 30 min before the GE assessment, some groups received BBG (50 mg/kg, sc) or ATP (2 mg/kg, sc). Then, GE was assessed after a 10-min postprandial period. Chronic use of Cis decreased GE delay (P<0.05) compared to the control group. Both exercise and ATP prevented (P<0.05) GE delay compared to Cis. The pretreatment with BBG significantly inhibited (P<0.05) the effect of exercise and ATP. On the other hand, the association between exercise and ATP reversed (P<0.05) the effect of the BBG and prevented GE delay. Therefore, we suggest that both exercise and treatment with ATP activate P2X7 receptors and prevent GE delay induced by cisplatin in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y.A. Gomes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal
do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
- Laboratório de Exercício e Trato Gastrintestinal, Departamento
de Educação Física, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - W.L.L. Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade
Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
- Laboratório de Exercício e Trato Gastrintestinal, Departamento
de Educação Física, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - C.S. Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal
do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
- Laboratório de Exercício e Trato Gastrintestinal, Departamento
de Educação Física, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - J.S. Severo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade
Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
- Laboratório de Exercício e Trato Gastrintestinal, Departamento
de Educação Física, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - J.C.C. Oliveira
- Laboratório de Exercício e Trato Gastrintestinal, Departamento
de Educação Física, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - A.C.A. da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal
do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
- Laboratório de Exercício e Trato Gastrintestinal, Departamento
de Educação Física, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - B.L.B. dos Santos
- Laboratório de Exercício e Trato Gastrintestinal, Departamento
de Educação Física, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | | | - A.A. dos Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de
Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - M.T.B. da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal
do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade
Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
- Laboratório de Exercício e Trato Gastrintestinal, Departamento
de Educação Física, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
- Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Laboratório de
Fisiologia, Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa,
(MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade
do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Tang Q, Petchey M, Rowlinson B, Burden TJ, Fairlamb IJS, Grogan G. Broad Spectrum Enantioselective Amide Bond Synthetase from Streptoalloteichus hindustanus. ACS Catal 2024; 14:1021-1029. [PMID: 38269041 PMCID: PMC10804368 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c05656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of amide bonds is one of the most frequently performed reactions in pharmaceutical synthesis, but the requirement for stoichiometric quantities of coupling agents and activated substrates in established methods has prompted interest in biocatalytic alternatives. Amide Bond Synthetases (ABSs) actively catalyze both the ATP-dependent adenylation of carboxylic acid substrates and their subsequent amidation using an amine nucleophile, both within the active site of the enzyme, enabling the use of only a small excess of the amine partner. We have assessed the ability of an ABS from Streptoalloteichus hindustanus (ShABS) to couple a range of carboxylic acid substrates and amines to form amine products. ShABS displayed superior activity to a previously studied ABS, McbA, and a remarkable complementary substrate specificity that included the enantioselective formation of a library of amides from racemic acid and amine coupling partners. The X-ray crystallographic structure of ShABS has permitted mutational mapping of the carboxylic acid and amine binding sites, revealing key roles for L207 and F246 in determining the enantioselectivity of the enzyme with respect to chiral acid and amine substrates. ShABS was applied to the synthesis of pharmaceutical amides, including ilepcimide, lazabemide, trimethobenzamide, and cinepazide, the last with 99% conversion and 95% isolated yield. These findings provide a blueprint for enabling a contemporary pharmaceutical synthesis of one of the most significant classes of small molecule drugs using biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10
5DD, U.K.
| | - Mark Petchey
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10
5DD, U.K.
| | - Benjamin Rowlinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10
5DD, U.K.
| | - Thomas J. Burden
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10
5DD, U.K.
| | - Ian J. S. Fairlamb
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10
5DD, U.K.
| | - Gideon Grogan
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10
5DD, U.K.
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Liu F, Wang J. ATP Acts as a Hydrotrope to Regulate the Phase Separation of NBDY Clusters. JACS Au 2023; 3:2578-2585. [PMID: 37772172 PMCID: PMC10523361 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Nonannotated P-body dissociating polypeptide (NBDY) is a recently discovered human microprotein that has been found to be a novel component of the mRNA decapping complex. Previous studies have shown that the phosphorylation of NBDY promotes the liquid phase of the NBDY remixing in vitro. Typically, during the process of phosphorylation, a phosphate group is added to the protein through adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis. It has been shown that ATP acts as a biological hydrotrope, affecting the phase separation of proteins in solution. In this study, we utilized simulation methods to investigate the dynamic properties of the NBDY clusters at various ATP concentrations. Our findings demonstrate that ATP can regulate the phase separation of NBDY clusters. Specifically, we identified a critical point in the concentration ratio between ATP and NBDY that exhibits a dual effect on the phase separation of NBDY. We observed that the nonsaturated ATP concentration can facilitate the formation of phase separation, while oversaturated ATP concentration promotes the diffusion of NBDY, and the oversaturated ATP-NBDY interaction impedes the phase separation of NBDY. Additionally, we found that ATPs can bind to the protein surface by aggregating into ATP clusters, which further hinders the diffusion of NBDY clusters. Our work provides general insight into the role of ATP in the phase separation of protein condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Wenzhou
Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Wenzhou
Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
- Department
of Chemistry and Physics, State University
of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook New York 11794, United States
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Widyanugraha MA, Widjiati W, Hendarto H. Effect of Endometriosis on Cumulus ATP, Number of Mitochondria and Oocyte Maturity in Cumulus Oocyte Complex in Mice. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2023; 45:e393-e400. [PMID: 37595596 PMCID: PMC10438966 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1772186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endometriosis causes a decrease in oocyte quality. However, this mechanism is not fully understood. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of endometriosis on cumulus cell adenosine triphosphate ATP level, the number of mitochondria, and the oocyte maturity level. METHODS A true experimental study with a post-test only control group design on experimental animals. Thirty-two mice were divided into control and endometriosis groups. Cumulus oocyte complex (COC) was obtained from all groups. Adenosine triphosphate level on cumulus cells was examined using the Elisa technique, the number of mitochondria was evaluated with a confocal laser scanning microscope and the oocyte maturity level was evaluated with an inverted microscope. RESULTS The ATP level of cumulus cells and the number of mitochondria in the endometriosis group increased significantly (p < 0.05; p < 0.05) while the oocyte maturity level was significantly lower (p < 0.05). There was a significant relationship between ATP level of cumulus cells and the number of mitochondrial oocyte (p < 0.01). There was no significant relationship between cumulus cell ATP level and the number of mitochondrial oocytes with oocyte maturity level (p > 0.01; p > 0.01). The ROC curve showed that the number of mitochondrial oocytes (AUC = 0.672) tended to be more accurate than cumulus cell ATP level (AUC = 0.656) in determining the oocyte maturity level. CONCLUSION In endometriosis model mice, the ATP level of cumulus cells and the number of mitochondrial oocytes increased while the oocyte maturity level decreased. There was a correlation between the increase in ATP level of cumulus cells and an increase in the number of mitochondrial oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Widjiati Widjiati
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Hendy Hendarto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Jiang Z, Liang F, Zhang Y, Dong Y, Song A, Zhu X, Zhang Y, Xie Z. Urinary Catheterization Induces Delirium-Like Behavior Through Glucose Metabolism Impairment in Mice. Anesth Analg 2022; 135:641-652. [PMID: 35389369 PMCID: PMC9388475 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delirium, an acute confusion status, is associated with adverse effects, including the development of Alzheimer's disease. However, the etiology and underlying mechanisms of delirium remain largely to be determined. Many patients have urinary catheterization (UC), and UC is associated with delirium. However, the cause effects of UC-associated delirium and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. We, therefore, established an animal model of UC, without urinary tract infection, in mice and determined whether UC could induce delirium-like behavior in the mice and the underlying mechanism of these effects. METHODS Adult female mice (16 weeks old) had UC placement under brief isoflurane anesthesia. The delirium-like behavior was determined using our established mice model at 3, 6, 9, and 24 hours after UC placement. We measured the amounts of glucose in both blood and brain interstitial fluid, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration in the cortex, and glucose transporter 1 in the cortex of mice using western blot, immunohistochemistry imaging, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and fluorescence at 6 hours after the UC placement. Finally, we used vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the interaction studies. RESULTS We found that UC induced delirium-like behavior in mice at 3, 6, 9, but not 24 hours after the UC placement. UC decreased glucose amounts in brain interstitial fluid (86.38% ± 4.99% vs 100% ± 6.26%, P = .003), but not blood of mice and reduced ATP amounts (84.49% ± 8.85% vs 100% ± 10.64%, P = .031) in the cortex of mice. Finally, UC reduced both protein amount (85.49% ± 6.83% vs 100% ± 11.93%, P = .040) and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression (41.95% ± 6.48% vs 100% ± 19.80%, P = .017) of glucose transporter 1 in the cortex of mice. VEGF attenuated these UC-induced changes. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrated that UC decreased brain glucose and energy amounts via impairing the glucose transport from blood to brain, leading to delirium-like behavior in mice. These findings will promote more research to identify the etiologies and underlying mechanisms of delirium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangjie Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129-2060
| | - Feng Liang
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129-2060
| | - Yida Zhang
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129-2060
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Yuanlin Dong
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129-2060
| | - Annie Song
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129-2060
| | - Xiaoping Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129-2060
| | - Zhongcong Xie
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129-2060
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Li Y, Keller AL, Cryan MT, Ross AE. Metal Nanoparticle Modified Carbon-Fiber Microelectrodes Enhance Adenosine Triphosphate Surface Interactions with Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry. ACS Meas Sci Au 2022; 2:96-105. [PMID: 35479102 PMCID: PMC9026253 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.1c00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an important rapid signaling molecule involved in a host of pathologies in the body. Historically, ATP is difficult to directly detect electrochemically with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) due to limited interactions at bare carbon-fibers. Systematic investigations of how ATP interacts at electrode surfaces is necessary for developing more sensitive electrochemical detection methods. Here, we have developed gold nanoparticle (AuNP), and platinum nanoparticle (PtNP) modified carbon-fiber microelectrodes coupled to FSCV to measure the extent to which ATP interacts at metal nanoparticle-modified surfaces and to improve the sensitivity of direct electrochemical detection. AuNP and PtNPs were electrodeposited on the carbon-fiber surface by scanning from -1.2 to 1.5 V for 30 s in 0.5 mg/mL HAuCl4 or 0.5 mg/mLK2PtCl6. Overall, we demonstrate an average 4.1 ± 1.0-fold increase in oxidative ATP current at AuNP-modified and a 3.5 ± 0.3-fold increase at PtNP-modified electrodes. Metal nanoparticle-modified surfaces promoted improved electrocatalytic conversion of ATP oxidation products at the surface, facilitated enhanced adsorption strength and surface coverage, and significantly improved sensitivity. ATP was successfully detected within living murine lymph node tissue following exogenous application. Overall, this study demonstrates a detailed characterization of ATP oxidation at metal nanoparticle surfaces and a significantly improved method for direct electrochemical detection of ATP in tissue.
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Ou X, Lao Y, Xu J, Wutthinitikornkit Y, Shi R, Chen X, Li J. ATP Can Efficiently Stabilize Protein through a Unique Mechanism. JACS Au 2021; 1:1766-1777. [PMID: 34723279 PMCID: PMC8549052 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments suggested that ATP can effectively stabilize protein structure and inhibit protein aggregation when its concentration is less than 10 mM, which is significantly lower than cosolvent concentrations required in conventional mechanisms. The ultrahigh efficiency of ATP suggests a unique mechanism that is fundamentally different from previous models of cosolvents. In this work, we used molecular dynamics simulation and experiments to study the interactions of ATPs with three proteins: lysozyme, ubiquitin, and malate dehydrogenase. ATP tends to bind to the surface regions with high flexibility and high degree of hydration. These regions are also vulnerable to thermal perturbations. The bound ATPs further assemble into ATP clusters mediated by Mg2+ and Na+ ions. More interestingly, in Mg2+-free ATP solution, Na+ at higher concentration (150 mM under physiological conditions) can similarly mediate the formation of the ATP cluster on protein. The ATP cluster can effectively reduce the fluctuations of the vulnerable region and thus stabilize the protein against thermal perturbations. Both ATP binding and the considerable improvement of thermal stability of ATP-bound protein were verified by experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Ou
- Zhejiang
Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department
of Physics, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yichong Lao
- Zhejiang
Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department
of Physics, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jingjie Xu
- Eye
Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational
Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yanee Wutthinitikornkit
- Zhejiang
Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department
of Physics, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Zhejiang
Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department
of Physics, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Eye
Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational
Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jingyuan Li
- Zhejiang
Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department
of Physics, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Machado RG, Glaser T, Araujo DB, Petiz LL, Oliveira DBL, Durigon GS, Leal AL, Pinho JR, Ferreira LCS, Ulrich H, Durigon EL, Guzzo CR. Inhibition of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Replication by Hypertonic Saline Solution in Lung and Kidney Epithelial Cells. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1514-1527. [PMID: 34651104 PMCID: PMC8442612 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented global health crisis has been caused by a new virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We performed experiments to test if a hypertonic saline solution was capable of inhibiting virus replication. Our data show that 1.2% NaCl inhibited virus replication by 90%, achieving 100% of inhibition at 1.5% in the nonhuman primate kidney cell line Vero, and 1.1% of NaCl was sufficient to inhibit the virus replication by 88% in human epithelial lung cell line Calu-3. Furthermore, our results indicate that the inhibition is due to an intracellular mechanism and not to the dissociation of the spike SARS-CoV-2 protein and its human receptor. NaCl depolarizes the plasma membrane causing a low energy state (high ADP/ATP concentration ratio) without impairing mitochondrial function, supposedly associated with the inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle. Membrane depolarization and intracellular energy deprivation are possible mechanisms by which the hypertonic saline solution efficiently prevents virus replication in vitro assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael
R. G. Machado
- Department
of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508, Brazil
| | - Talita Glaser
- Department
of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508, Brazil
| | - Danielle B. Araujo
- Department
of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508, Brazil
- Hospital
Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652, Brazil
| | - Lyvia Lintzmaier Petiz
- Department
of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508, Brazil
| | - Danielle B. L. Oliveira
- Department
of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508, Brazil
- Hospital
Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652, Brazil
- Development
and Innovation Center, Laboratory of Virology, Butantan Institute, São
Paulo 05503, Brazil
| | - Giuliana S. Durigon
- Medical
School Clinical Hospital, University of
São Paulo, São
Paulo 05508, Brazil
| | | | - João Renato
R. Pinho
- Hospital
Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652, Brazil
- LIM-03, Central
Laboratories Division, Clinics Hospital, São Paulo School of
Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508, Brazil
- LIM-07,
Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo 05508, Brazil
| | - Luis C. S. Ferreira
- Department
of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508, Brazil
- Scientific
Platform Pasteur USP, São
Paulo 05508, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department
of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508, Brazil
| | - Edison L. Durigon
- Department
of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508, Brazil
- Scientific
Platform Pasteur USP, São
Paulo 05508, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Rodrigues Guzzo
- Department
of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508, Brazil
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Jiang T, Sánchez-Rivera FJ, Soto-Feliciano YM, Yang Q, Song CQ, Bhuatkar A, Haynes CM, Hemann MT, Xue W. Targeting the De Novo Purine Synthesis Pathway Through Adenylosuccinate Lyase Depletion Impairs Liver Cancer Growth by Perturbing Mitochondrial Function. Hepatology 2021; 74:233-247. [PMID: 33336367 PMCID: PMC8209110 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most common cancer types worldwide, yet patients with HCC have limited treatment options. There is an urgent need to identify drug targets that specifically inhibit the growth of HCC cells. APPROACH AND RESULTS We used a CRISPR library targeting ~2,000 druggable genes to perform a high-throughput screen and identified adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL), a key enzyme involved in the de novo purine synthesis pathway, as a potential drug target for HCC. ADSL has been implicated as a potential oncogenic driver in some cancers, but its role in liver cancer progression remains unknown. CRISPR-mediated knockout of ADSL impaired colony formation of liver cancer cells by affecting AMP production. In the absence of ADSL, the growth of liver tumors is retarded in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that ADSL knockout caused S-phase cell cycle arrest not by inducing DNA damage but by impairing mitochondrial function. Using data from patients with HCC, we also revealed that high ADSL expression occurs during tumorigenesis and is linked to poor survival rate. CONCLUSIONS Our findings uncover the role of ADSL-mediated de novo purine synthesis in fueling mitochondrial ATP production to promote liver cancer cell growth. Targeting ADSL may be a therapeutic approach for patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jiang
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Francisco J. Sánchez-Rivera
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY 10065
| | - Yadira M. Soto-Feliciano
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Qiyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Chun-Qing Song
- Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310024, China
| | - Arjun Bhuatkar
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Cole M Haynes
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Michael T. Hemann
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Wen Xue
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605
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Keshavarz H, Meints LM, Geiger MK, R Zinn K, Spence DM. Specific Binding of Leptin to Red Blood Cells Delivers a Pancreatic Hormone and Stimulates ATP Release. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2438-2447. [PMID: 33939443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1994, leptin continues to have new potential physiological roles uncovered, including a role in the regulation of blood flow. Leptin's role in regulating blood flow is not completely understood. Red blood cell (RBC)-derived ATP is a recognized stimulus of blood flow, and multiple studies suggest that C-peptide, a hormone secreted in equimolar amounts with insulin from the pancreatic β-cells, can stimulate that release when delivered by albumin and in combination with Zn2+. Here, we report leptin delivers C-peptide and Zn2+ to RBCs in a saturable and specific manner. We labeled leptin with technetium-99 m (99mTc) to perform binding studies while using albumin to block the specific binding of 99mTc-leptin in the presence or absence of C-peptide. Our results suggest that leptin has a saturable and specific binding site on the RBC ((Kd = 1.79 ± 0.46) × 10-7 M) that is statistically equal to the binding affinity in the presence of 20 nM C-peptide ((Kd = 2.05 ± 0.20) × 10-7 M). While the binding affinity between leptin and the RBC did not change with C-peptide, the moles of bound leptin did increase with C-peptide, suggesting a separate binding site on the cell for a leptin/C-peptide complex. The RBC-derived ATP increased in the presence of a leptin/C-peptide/Zn2+ addition, in a concentration-dependent manner. Control RBCs ATP release increased (71 ± 5.6%) in the presence of C-peptide and Zn2+, which increased further to (94 ± 5.6%) in the presence of Zn2+, C-peptide, and leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Keshavarz
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Lisa M Meints
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States.,Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Morgan K Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Kurt R Zinn
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Dana M Spence
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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11
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Haas CB, Lovászi M, Braganhol E, Pacher P, Haskó G. Ectonucleotidases in Inflammation, Immunity, and Cancer. J Immunol 2021; 206:1983-1990. [PMID: 33879578 PMCID: PMC10037530 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases) are a family of enzymes that hydrolyze nucleotides such as ATP, UTP, ADP, and UDP to monophosphates derivates such as AMP and UMP. The NTPDase family consists of eight enzymes, of which NTPDases 1, 2, 3, and 8 are expressed on cell membranes thereby hydrolyzing extracellular nucleotides. Cell membrane NTPDases are expressed in all tissues, in which they regulate essential physiological tissue functions such as development, blood flow, hormone secretion, and neurotransmitter release. They do so by modulating nucleotide-mediated purinergic signaling through P2 purinergic receptors. NTPDases 1, 2, 3, and 8 also play a key role during infection, inflammation, injury, and cancer. Under these conditions, NTPDases can contribute and control the pathophysiology of infectious, inflammatory diseases and cancer. In this review, we discuss the role of NTPDases, focusing on the less understood NTPDases 2-8, in regulating inflammation and immunity during infectious, inflammatory diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elizandra Braganhol
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and
| | - Pál Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY;
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is the leading cause of early mortality following lung transplantation and is typically caused by lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Current management of PGD is largely supportive and there are no approved therapies to prevent lung IRI after transplantation. The purinergic signaling network plays an important role in this sterile inflammatory process, and pharmacologic manipulation of said network is a promising therapeutic strategy. This review will summarize recent findings in this area. RECENT FINDINGS In the past 18 months, our understanding of lung IRI has improved, and it is becoming clear that the purinergic signaling network plays a vital role. Recent works have identified critical components of the purinergic signaling network (Pannexin-1 channels, ectonucleotidases, purinergic P1 and P2 receptors) involved in inflammation in a number of pathologic states including lung IRI. In addition, a functionally-related calcium channel, the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4) channel, has recently been linked to purinergic signaling and has also been shown to mediate lung IRI. SUMMARY Agents targeting components of the purinergic signaling network are promising potential therapeutics to limit inflammation associated with lung IRI and thus decrease the risk of developing PGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Haywood
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Huy Q. Ta
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Evan Rotar
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Zdravka Daneva
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Swapnil K. Sonkusare
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Victor E. Laubach
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
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Bogati B, Wadsworth N, Barrera F, Fozo EM. Improved growth of Escherichia coli in aminoglycoside antibiotics by the zor-orz toxin-antitoxin system. J Bacteriol 2021; 204:JB0040721. [PMID: 34570627 PMCID: PMC8765423 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00407-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I toxin-antitoxin systems consist of a small protein (under 60 amino acids) whose overproduction can result in cell growth stasis or death, and a small RNA that represses translation of the toxin mRNA. Despite their potential toxicity, type I toxin proteins are increasingly linked to improved survival of bacteria in stressful environments and antibiotic persistence. While the interaction of toxin mRNAs with their cognate antitoxin sRNAs in some systems are well characterized, additional translational control of many toxins and their biological roles are not well understood. Using an ectopic overexpression system, we show that the efficient translation of a chromosomally encoded type I toxin, ZorO, requires mRNA processing of its long 5' untranslated region (UTR; Δ28 UTR). The severity of ZorO induced toxicity on growth inhibition, membrane depolarization, and ATP depletion were significantly increased if expressed from the Δ28 UTR versus the full-length UTR. ZorO did not form large pores as evident via a liposomal leakage assay, in vivo morphological analyses, and measurement of ATP loss. Further, increasing the copy number of the entire zor-orz locus significantly improved growth of bacterial cells in the presence of kanamycin and increased the minimum inhibitory concentration against kanamycin and gentamycin; however, no such benefit was observed against other antibiotics. This supports a role for the zor-orz locus as a protective measure against specific stress agents and is likely not part of a general stress response mechanism. Combined, these data shed more insights into the possible native functions for type I toxin proteins. IMPORTANCE Bacterial species can harbor gene pairs known as type I toxin-antitoxin systems where one gene encodes a small protein that is toxic to the bacteria producing it and a second gene that encodes a small RNA antitoxin to prevent toxicity. While artificial overproduction of type I toxin proteins can lead to cell growth inhibition and cell lysis, the endogenous translation of type I toxins appears to be tightly regulated. Here, we show translational regulation controls production of the ZorO type I toxin and prevents subsequent negative effects on the cell. Further, we demonstrate a role for zorO and its cognate antitoxin in improved growth of E. coli in the presence of aminoglycoside antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Bogati
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nicholas Wadsworth
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Francisco Barrera
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Fozo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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Zhu X, Zhao L, You J, Ni Y, Wei Z, Xue Q, Jin C. WD-3 inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cells by regulating the glycolytic pathway. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2020; 20:226-235. [PMID: 32020848 PMCID: PMC7202186 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2019.4530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Number 3 Prescription (WD-3) is an herbal remedy used in traditional Chinese medicine that has been shown to improve the outcomes of patients with advanced colon and gastric cancers. This study aimed to investigate the effect of WD-3 on proliferation, glycolysis, and hexokinase 2 expression in breast cancer cells. Four breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, BT-549, MCF-7, and MCF-7/ADR-RES) were treated with different concentrations of WD-3 compared with blank control (phosphate-buffered saline). Each of the breast cancer cell lines was also divided into WD-3, paclitaxel, and blank control group. Cell proliferation and morphology were assessed by MTT assay, nuclear Hoechst 33258 staining, or immunofluorescence. Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. High performance liquid chromatography was used for measurement of ATP, ADP, and AMP. Hexokinase 2 expression was analyzed by Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription PCR. WD-3 inhibited proliferation and increased apoptosis in all four breast cancer cell lines, in a dose-dependent manner. ATP and EC (energy charge) were significantly decreased in WD-3-treated BT-549 and MDA-MB-231 cells. WD-3 significantly downregulated the protein and mRNA expression of hexokinase II in BT-549 cells, however, not in the other three breast cancer cell lines. Our findings indicate that WD-3 targets the glycolytic pathway in breast cancer cells to exert its antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianliang You
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Yiqun Ni
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhipeng Wei
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Qing Xue
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Chunhui Jin
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
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Cui H, Liu Y, Qin L, Wang L, Huang Y. Increased membrane localization of pannexin1 in human corneal synaptosomes causes enhanced stimulated ATP release in chronic diabetes mellitus. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5084. [PMID: 27930505 PMCID: PMC5265977 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the potential changes in the corneal nerve terminals in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus of moderate duration. The dissected corneas were subjected to a protocol of ultracentrifugation to obtain synaptosomes of sensory nerve terminals. Within these nerve varicosities, 2 major mechanisms were examined, viz., alterations of the mechanosensitive channel pannexin1 and ATP release on stimulation of these terminals. We hypothesized that altered cellular location and function of the pannexin channel may contribute to altered mechanosensitivity of the cornea, which in turn may affect wound healing and primary visual function of the cornea. The chief rationale for focusing on examining the pannexin channel is due to its role in mechanosensitivity, as well as its glycosylation property. Pannexin1 remains unchanged between diabetic subjects in comparison to nondiabetic controls. However, lectin immunoassay showed that pannexin1 is significantly more glycosylated in diabetic corneal synaptosomes. Membrane biotinylation assay showed that membrane localization of pannexin1 is significantly enhanced in diabetic samples. Furthermore, S-nitrosylation of the glyco-pannexin1 is significantly decreased in comparison to pannexin1 obtained from corneal varicosities of normoglycemic subjects. The diabetic corneal synaptosomes show enhanced ATP release after potassium chloride stimulation, when compared to controls. Furthermore, we have shown that S-nitrosylation of pannexin1 actually diminishes the ability of pannexin1 to release ATP. Thus, much like the peripheral nerves, the corneal nerves also show increased hypersensitivity in diabetes of chronic duration. All of these pathological changes may cumulatively alter corneal function in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harbin 242 Hospital, Harbin
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Limin Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing
| | - Liqiang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing
| | - Yifei Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing
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Rajendran M, Dane E, Conley J, Tantama M. Imaging Adenosine Triphosphate ( ATP). Biol Bull 2016; 231:73-84. [PMID: 27638696 PMCID: PMC5063237 DOI: 10.1086/689592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a universal mediator of metabolism and signaling across unicellular and multicellular species. There is a fundamental interdependence between the dynamics of ATP and the physiology that occurs inside and outside the cell. Characterizing and understanding ATP dynamics provide valuable mechanistic insight into processes that range from neurotransmission to the chemotaxis of immune cells. Therefore, we require the methodology to interrogate both temporal and spatial components of ATP dynamics from the subcellular to the organismal levels in live specimens. Over the last several decades, a number of molecular probes that are specific to ATP have been developed. These probes have been combined with imaging approaches, particularly optical microscopy, to enable qualitative and quantitative detection of this critical molecule. In this review, we survey current examples of technologies available for visualizing ATP in living cells, and identify areas where new tools and approaches are needed to expand our capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Rajendran
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, Box 68, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907; and
| | - Eric Dane
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 76-211, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Jason Conley
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, Box 68, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907; and
| | - Mathew Tantama
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, Box 68, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907; and
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Liñán-Rico A, Turco F, Ochoa-Cortes F, Harzman A, Needleman BJ, Arsenescu R, Abdel-Rasoul M, Fadda P, Grants I, Whitaker E, Cuomo R, Christofi FL. Molecular Signaling and Dysfunction of the Human Reactive Enteric Glial Cell Phenotype: Implications for GI Infection, IBD, POI, Neurological, Motility, and GI Disorders. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2016; 22:1812-34. [PMID: 27416040 DOI: 10.1097/MIB.0000000000000854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical observations or animal studies implicate enteric glial cells in motility disorders, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, gastrointestinal (GI) infections, postoperative ileus, and slow transit constipation. Mechanisms underlying glial responses to inflammation in human GI tract are not understood. Our goal was to identify the "reactive human enteric glial cell (rhEGC) phenotype" induced by inflammation, and probe its functional relevance. METHODS Human enteric glial cells in culture from 15 GI-surgical specimens were used to study gene expression, Ca, and purinergic signaling by Ca/fluo-4 imaging and mechanosensitivity. A nanostring panel of 107 genes was designed as a read out of inflammation, transcription, purinergic signaling, vesicular transport protein, channel, antioxidant, and other pathways. A 24-hour treatment with lipopolysaccharide (200 μg/mL) and interferon-γ (10 μg/mL) was used to induce inflammation and study molecular signaling, flow-dependent Ca responses from 3 mL/min to 10 mL/min, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release, and ATP responses. RESULTS Treatment induced a "rhEGC phenotype" and caused up-regulation in messenger RNA transcripts of 58% of 107 genes analyzed. Regulated genes included inflammatory genes (54%/IP10; IFN-γ; CxCl2; CCL3; CCL2; C3; s100B; IL-1β; IL-2R; TNF-α; IL-4; IL-6; IL-8; IL-10; IL-12A; IL-17A; IL-22; and IL-33), purine-genes (52%/AdoR2A; AdoR2B; P2RY1; P2RY2; P2RY6; P2RX3; P2RX7; AMPD3; ENTPD2; ENTPD3; and NADSYN1), channels (40%/Panx1; CHRNA7; TRPV1; and TRPA1), vesicular transporters (SYT1, SYT2, SNAP25, and SYP), transcription factors (relA/relB, SOCS3, STAT3, GATA_3, and FOXP3), growth factors (IGFBP5 and GMCSF), antioxidant genes (SOD2 and HMOX1), and enzymes (NOS2; TPH2; and CASP3) (P < 0.0001). Treatment disrupted Ca signaling, ATP, and mechanical/flow-dependent Ca responses in human enteric glial cells. ATP release increased 5-fold and s100B decreased 33%. CONCLUSIONS The "rhEGC phenotype" is identified by a complex cascade of pro-inflammatory pathways leading to alterations of important molecular and functional signaling pathways (Ca, purinergic, and mechanosensory) that could disrupt GI motility. Inflammation induced a "purinergic switch" from ATP to adenosine diphosphate/adenosine/uridine triphosphate signaling. Findings have implications for GI infection, inflammatory bowel disease, postoperative ileus, motility, and GI disorders.
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Liang C, Cheng S, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Fernie AR, Kang K, Panagiotou G, Lo C, Lim BL. Transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolic changes in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves after the onset of illumination. BMC Plant Biol 2016; 16:43. [PMID: 26865323 PMCID: PMC4750186 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0726-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Light plays an important role in plant growth and development. In this study, the impact of light on physiology of 20-d-old Arabidopsis leaves was examined through transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic analysis. Since the energy-generating electron transport chains in chloroplasts and mitochondria are encoded by both nuclear and organellar genomes, sequencing total RNA after removal of ribosomal RNAs provides essential information on transcription of organellar genomes. The changes in the levels of ADP, ATP, NADP(+), NADPH and 41 metabolites upon illumination were also quantified. RESULTS Upon illumination, while the transcription of the genes encoded by the plastid genome did not change significantly, the transcription of nuclear genes encoding different functional complexes in the photosystem are differentially regulated whereas members of the same complex are co-regulated with each other. The abundance of mRNAs and proteins encoded by all three genomes are, however, not always positively correlated. One such example is the negative correlation between mRNA and protein abundances of the photosystem components, which reflects the importance of post-transcriptional regulation in plant physiology. CONCLUSION This study provides systems-wide datasets which allow plant researchers to examine the changes in leaf transcriptomes, proteomes and key metabolites upon illumination and to determine whether there are any correlations between changes in transcript and protein abundances of a particular gene or pathway upon illumination. The integration of data of the organelles and the photosystems, Calvin-Benson cycle, carbohydrate metabolism, glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and respiratory chain, thereby provides a more complete picture to the changes in plant physiology upon illumination than has been attained to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Shifeng Cheng
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Yuzhe Sun
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Kang Kang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Gianni Panagiotou
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Clive Lo
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Boon Leong Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Successful cryopreservation of rat spermatozoa from various strains still remains a challenge. The objective of this study was to determine if combinations of OptiPrep™ (iodixanol) and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) can improve rat sperm function during the cryopreservation procedure. METHODS Epididymal rat spermatozoa were frozen under different OptiPrep™ concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 %) and were diluted with media supplemented with or without 2 mM ATP after thawing. Post-thaw sperm motility, acrosomal membrane integrity (AMI) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were then evaluated. In addition, the effect of different OptiPrep™ concentrations on fresh and cooled rat spermatozoa was tested via motility. RESULTS There was no effect of OptiPrep™ on motility of fresh and cooled spermatozoa. The supplementation of 1 and 2 % OptiPrep™ increased motility of frozen spermatozoa at 10 min after thawing, while it did not improve motility of spermatozoa at 3 h after thawing in the absence of ATP. During incubation of thawed spermatozoa, the ATP addition protected time-dependent decrease in motility after thawing in OptiPrep™-treated samples. OptiPrep™ had no effect on AMI and MMP in frozen-thawed spermatozoa but combinations of OptiPrep™ and ATP improved MMP in frozen-thawed spermatozoa. CONCLUSIONS Iodixanol has cryoprotective effects during rat sperm freezing without any toxic effect. Moreover, the combinations of iodixanol and ATP have a beneficial role in maintaining function of frozen-thawed rat spermatozoa for long period of incubation post-thaw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhee Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, 1600 East Rollins Street, Room W191, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Sarah Hooper
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, 1600 East Rollins Street, Room W191, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Cansu Agca
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, 1600 East Rollins Street, Room W191, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Yuksel Agca
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, 1600 East Rollins Street, Room W191, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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Yeung PKF, Tinkel J, Seeto D. A Pilot Study to Assess Adenosine 5'-triphosphate Metabolism in Red Blood Cells as a Drug Target for Potential Cardiovascular Protection. Curr Med Chem 2016; 15:224-32. [PMID: 26521884 PMCID: PMC4997928 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x15666151102102702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of exercise preconditioning on adenosine 5'triphosphate (ATP) metabolism in red blood cells and cardiovascular protection against injury induced by isoproterenol in vivo. METHODS Male Sprague Dawley rats (SDR) were each exercised on a treadmill for 15 minutes at 10 m/min and 10% grade (n = 7) (LowEx), or 14 m/min and 22% grade (n = 8) (VigEx). Two hours after the exercise, each rat received a single dose of isoproterenol (30 mg/kg) by subcutaneous (sc) injection. Two separate groups of SDR were used as control: One received no exercise (n = 10) (NoEx) and the other received no exercise and no isoproterenol (n = 11) (NoIso). Serial blood samples were collected over 5 hours for measurement of ATP and its catabolites by a validated HPLC. Hemodynamic recording was collected continuously for the duration of the experiment. Data were analysed using ANOVA and t-tests and difference considered significant at p < 0.05. RESULTS Exercise pre-conditioning (both LowEx and VigEx) reduced mortality after isoproterenol from 50% to < 30% (p > 0.05). It attenuated the rebound in blood pressure significantly (p < 0.05 between NoEx vs VigEx), attenuated the increase of RBC adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) concentrations induced by isoproterenol, and also decreased the breakdown of ATP to AMP in the RBC (p < 0.05 vs NoEx). CONCLUSION Exercise pre-conditioning decreased the blood pressure rebound and also breakdown of ATP in RBC after isoproterenol which may be exploited further as a drug target for cardiovascular protection and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pollen K F Yeung
- College of Pharmacy and Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 4R2.
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Abstract
Cross-contamination is an increasingly important risk factor in food safety. Cleaning and disinfection regimens are essential components in its prevention but need to be validated, monitored, and verified. This in turn requires the implementation of protocols for surface sampling and the assessment of residual contamination. Visual assessment although widely used, in isolation, is ineffective but can be useful as part of an integrated approach. Microbial and nonmicrobial methods of sampling and testing are compared. Nonmicrobial assessment methods, especially ATP, are effective at monitoring residual surface soil. Traditional specific, and nonspecific, microbial methods indicate residual microbial contamination but not surface soil. Recent advances in molecular microbial methods and bioluminogenic tests are discussed. There is no single ideal surface test method and how, when, and where to sample are discussed within the framework of suggested guidelines, an integrated approach, and the use of trend analysis.
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Marchenkova A, Vilotti S, Fabbretti E, Nistri A. Brain natriuretic peptide constitutively downregulates P2X3 receptors by controlling their phosphorylation state and membrane localization. Mol Pain 2015; 11:71. [PMID: 26576636 PMCID: PMC4650943 DOI: 10.1186/s12990-015-0074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ATP-gated P2X3 receptors are important transducers of nociceptive stimuli and are almost exclusively expressed by sensory ganglion neurons. In mouse trigeminal ganglion (TG), P2X3 receptor function is unexpectedly enhanced by pharmacological block of natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPR-A), outlining a potential inhibitory role of endogenous natriuretic peptides in nociception mediated by P2X3 receptors. Lack of change in P2X3 protein expression indicates a complex modulation whose mechanisms for downregulating P2X3 receptor function remain unclear. RESULTS To clarify this process in mouse TG cultures, we suppressed NPR-A signaling with either siRNA of the endogenous agonist BNP, or the NPR-A blocker anantin. Thus, we investigated changes in P2X3 receptor distribution in the lipid raft membrane compartment, their phosphorylation state, as well as their function with patch clamping. Delayed onset of P2X3 desensitization was one mechanism for the anantin-induced enhancement of P2X3 activity. Anantin application caused preferential P2X3 receptor redistribution to the lipid raft compartment and decreased P2X3 serine phosphorylation, two phenomena that were not interdependent. An inhibitor of cGMP-dependent protein kinase and siRNA-mediated knockdown of BNP mimicked the effect of anantin. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that in mouse trigeminal neurons endogenous BNP acts on NPR-A receptors to determine constitutive depression of P2X3 receptor function. Tonic inhibition of P2X3 receptor activity by BNP/NPR-A/PKG pathways occurs via two distinct mechanisms: P2X3 serine phosphorylation and receptor redistribution to non-raft membrane compartments. This novel mechanism of receptor control might be a target for future studies aiming at decreasing dysregulated P2X3 receptor activity in chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marchenkova
- Neuroscience Department, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Sandra Vilotti
- Neuroscience Department, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Elsa Fabbretti
- Center for Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Nova Gorica, 5000, Nova Gorica, Slovenia.
| | - Andrea Nistri
- Neuroscience Department, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy.
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23
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Lorenz A, Lorenz M, Vothknecht UC, Niopek-Witz S, Neuhaus HE, Haferkamp I. In vitro analyses of mitochondrial ATP/phosphate carriers from Arabidopsis thaliana revealed unexpected Ca(2+)-effects. BMC Plant Biol 2015; 15:238. [PMID: 26444389 PMCID: PMC4595200 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0616-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenine nucleotide/phosphate carriers (APCs) from mammals and yeast are commonly known to adapt the mitochondrial adenine nucleotide pool in accordance to cellular demands. They catalyze adenine nucleotide--particularly ATP-Mg--and phosphate exchange and their activity is regulated by calcium. Our current knowledge about corresponding proteins from plants is comparably limited. Recently, the three putative APCs from Arabidopsis thaliana were shown to restore the specific growth phenotype of APC yeast loss-of-function mutants and to interact with calcium via their N-terminal EF--hand motifs in vitro. In this study, we performed biochemical characterization of all three APC isoforms from A. thaliana to gain further insights into their functional properties. RESULTS Recombinant plant APCs were functionally reconstituted into liposomes and their biochemical characteristics were determined by transport measurements using radiolabeled substrates. All three plant APCs were capable of ATP, ADP and phosphate exchange, however, high preference for ATP-Mg, as shown for orthologous carriers, was not detectable. By contrast, the obtained data suggest that in the liposomal system the plant APCs rather favor ATP-Ca as substrate. Moreover, investigation of a representative mutant APC protein revealed that the observed calcium effects on ATP transport did not primarily/essentially involve Ca(2+)-binding to the EF-hand motifs in the N-terminal domain of the carrier. CONCLUSION Biochemical characteristics suggest that plant APCs can mediate net transport of adenine nucleotides and hence, like their pendants from animals and yeast, might be involved in the alteration of the mitochondrial adenine nucleotide pool. Although, ATP-Ca was identified as an apparent import substrate of plant APCs in vitro it is arguable whether ATP-Ca formation and thus the corresponding transport can take place in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Lorenz
- Cellular Physiology/Membrane Transport, University of Kaiserslautern, 67653, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Melanie Lorenz
- Cellular Physiology/Membrane Transport, University of Kaiserslautern, 67653, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Ute C Vothknecht
- Department of Biology I, Botany, LMU Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2, D-82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Sandra Niopek-Witz
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67653, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67653, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Ilka Haferkamp
- Cellular Physiology/Membrane Transport, University of Kaiserslautern, 67653, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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24
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Abstract
Extracellular purines and pyrimidines play major roles during embryogenesis, organogenesis, postnatal development and ageing in vertebrates, including humans. Pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into three primary germ layers of the embryo but may also be involved in plasticity and repair of the adult brain. These cells express the molecular components necessary for purinergic signalling, and their developmental fates can be manipulated via this signalling pathway. Functional P1, P2Y and P2X receptor subtypes and ectonucleotidases are involved in the development of different organ systems, including heart, blood vessels, skeletal muscle, urinary bladder, central and peripheral neurons, retina, inner ear, gut, lung and vas deferens. The importance of purinergic signalling in the ageing process is suggested by changes in expression of A1 and A2 receptors in old rat brains and reduction of P2X receptor expression in ageing mouse brain. By contrast, in the periphery, increases in expression of P2X3 and P2X4 receptors are seen in bladder and pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK,
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25
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Calvén J, Akbarshahi H, Menzel M, Ayata CK, Idzko M, Bjermer L, Uller L. Rhinoviral stimuli, epithelial factors and ATP signalling contribute to bronchial smooth muscle production of IL-33. J Transl Med 2015; 13:281. [PMID: 26318341 PMCID: PMC4552418 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0645-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchial smooth muscle cells (BSMCs) from severe asthmatics have been shown to overexpress the Th2-driving and asthma-associated cytokine IL-33. However, little is known regarding factors involved in BSMC production of IL-33. Rhinovirus (RV) infections cause asthma exacerbations, which exhibit features of Th2-type inflammation. Here, we investigated the effects of epithelial-derived media and viral stimuli on IL-33 expression in human BSMCs. METHODS Primary human BSMCs from healthy (n = 3) and asthmatic (n = 3) subjects were stimulated with conditioned media from primary human bronchial epithelial cells (BECs), double-stranded (ds)RNA, dsRNA/LyoVec, or infected with RV. BSMCs were also pretreated with the purinergic receptor antagonist suramin. IL-33 expression was analysed by RT-qPCR and western blot and ATP levels were determined in cell supernatants. RESULTS RV infection and activation of TLR3 by dsRNA increased IL-33 mRNA and protein in healthy and asthmatic BSMCs. These effects were inhibited by dexamethasone. BSMC expression of IL-33 was also increased by stimulation of RIG-I-like receptors using dsRNA/LyoVec. Conditioned media from BECs induced BSMC expression of IL-33, which was further enhanced by dsRNA. BEC-derived medium and viral-stimulated BSMC supernatants exhibited elevated ATP levels. Blocking of purinergic signalling with suramin inhibited BSMC expression of IL-33 induced by dsRNA and BEC-derived medium. CONCLUSIONS RV infection of BSMCs and activation of TLR3 and RIG-I-like receptors cause expression and production of IL-33. Epithelial-released factor(s) increase BSMC expression of IL-33 and exhibit positive interaction with dsRNA. Increased BSMC IL-33 associates with ATP release and is antagonised by suramin. We suggest that epithelial-derived factors contribute to baseline BSMC IL-33 production, which is further augmented by RV infection of BSMCs and stimulation of their pathogen-recognising receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Calvén
- Division of Respiratory Immunopharmacology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D12, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Hamid Akbarshahi
- Division of Respiratory Immunopharmacology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D12, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Mandy Menzel
- Division of Respiratory Immunopharmacology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D12, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Cemil Korcan Ayata
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Marco Idzko
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Leif Bjermer
- Division of Respiratory Immunopharmacology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D12, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Lena Uller
- Division of Respiratory Immunopharmacology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D12, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
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26
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Mitkovski M, Dahm L, Heinrich R, Monnheimer M, Gerhart S, Stegmüller J, Hanisch UK, Nave KA, Ehrenreich H. Erythropoietin dampens injury-induced microglial motility. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2015; 35:1233-6. [PMID: 25966953 PMCID: PMC4527993 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2015.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury causes progressive brain atrophy and cognitive decline. Surprisingly, an early treatment with erythropoietin (EPO) prevents these consequences of secondary neurodegeneration, but the mechanisms have remained obscure. Here we show by advanced imaging and innovative analytical tools that recombinant human EPO, a clinically established and neuroprotective growth factor, dampens microglial activity, as visualized also in vivo by a strongly attenuated injury-induced cellular motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miso Mitkovski
- Light Microscopy Facility, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Liane Dahm
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Heinrich
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Institute of Zoology, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mathieu Monnheimer
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Simone Gerhart
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Judith Stegmüller
- 1] Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany [2] Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- 1] Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany [2] Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- 1] Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany [2] Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
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27
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Abstract
Spontaneous electrical activity is a common feature of sensory systems during early development. This sensory-independent neuronal activity has been implicated in promoting their survival and maturation, as well as growth and refinement of their projections to yield circuits that can rapidly extract information about the external world. Periodic bursts of action potentials occur in auditory neurons of mammals before hearing onset. This activity is induced by inner hair cells (IHCs) within the developing cochlea, which establish functional connections with spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) several weeks before they are capable of detecting external sounds. During this pre-hearing period, IHCs fire periodic bursts of Ca(2+) action potentials that excite SGNs, triggering brief but intense periods of activity that pass through auditory centers of the brain. Although spontaneous activity requires input from IHCs, there is ongoing debate about whether IHCs are intrinsically active and their firing periodically interrupted by external inhibitory input (IHC-inhibition model), or are intrinsically silent and their firing periodically promoted by an external excitatory stimulus (IHC-excitation model). There is accumulating evidence that inner supporting cells in Kölliker's organ spontaneously release ATP during this time, which can induce bursts of Ca(2+) spikes in IHCs that recapitulate many features of auditory neuron activity observed in vivo. Nevertheless, the role of supporting cells in this process remains to be established in vivo. A greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for generating IHC activity in the developing cochlea will help reveal how these events contribute to the maturation of nascent auditory circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chin Wang
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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28
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Mosienko V, Teschemacher AG, Kasparov S. Is L-lactate a novel signaling molecule in the brain? J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2015; 35:1069-75. [PMID: 25920953 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2015.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the brain, L-lactate is produced by both neurons and astrocytes. There is no doubt that neurons use L-lactate as a supplementary fuel although the importance of this energy source is disputed. Irrespective of its caloric value, L-lactate might also have a signaling role in the brain. Here, we review several current hypotheses of L-lactate mediated signaling. Some proposed mechanisms require L-lactate entry into the neurons leading to a shift in ATP/ADP ratio or redox state. Others postulate interaction with either known receptor HCA1 (GPR81) or a novel, yet unidentified receptor. We argue that the sensitivity of any such mechanism has to match the concentration range of extracellular L-lactate, which is less than ~1.5 mmol/L under physiologic conditions. From that point of view, some of the proposed mechanisms require supraphysiologic levels of L-lactate and could be engaged during ischemia or seizures when L-lactate concentration rises dramatically. Currently, we do not know whether L-lactate production in the brain occurs in microdomains, which might create higher than average local concentrations. Nevertheless, it is clear that in the brain, as in the peripheral tissues, L-lactate is not only used as a source of energy but also acts as a signaling molecule.
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29
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Cisneros-Mejorado A, Gottlieb M, Cavaliere F, Magnus T, Koch-Nolte F, Scemes E, Pérez-Samartín A, Matute C. Blockade of P2X7 receptors or pannexin-1 channels similarly attenuates postischemic damage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2015; 35:843-50. [PMID: 25605289 PMCID: PMC4420860 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The role of P2X7 receptors and pannexin-1 channels in ischemic damage remains controversial. Here, we analyzed their contribution to postanoxic depolarization after ischemia in cultured neurons and in brain slices. We observed that pharmacological blockade of P2X7 receptors or pannexin-1 channels delayed the onset of postanoxic currents and reduced their slope, and that simultaneous inhibition did not further enhance the effects of blocking either one. These results were confirmed in acute cortical slices from P2X7 and pannexin-1 knockout mice. Oxygen-glucose deprivation in cortical organotypic cultures caused neuronal death that was reduced with P2X7 and pannexin-1 blockers as well as in organotypic cultures derived from mice lacking P2X7 and pannexin 1. Subsequently, we used transient middle cerebral artery occlusion to monitor the neuroprotective effect of those drugs in vivo. We found that P2X7 and pannexin-1 antagonists, and their ablation in knockout mice, substantially attenuated the motor symptoms and reduced the infarct volume to ~50% of that in vehicle-treated or wild-type animals. These results show that P2X7 receptors and pannexin-1 channels are major mediators of postanoxic depolarization in neurons and of brain damage after ischemia, and that they operate in the same deleterious signaling cascade leading to neuronal and tissue demise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Cisneros-Mejorado
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Departamento de Neurociencias and CIBERNED, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Miroslav Gottlieb
- 1] Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Departamento de Neurociencias and CIBERNED, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain [2] Institute of Neurobiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Fabio Cavaliere
- 1] Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Departamento de Neurociencias and CIBERNED, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain [2] Neurotek-UPV/EHU, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Zamudio, Spain
| | - Tim Magnus
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Eliana Scemes
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neurosciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alberto Pérez-Samartín
- 1] Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Departamento de Neurociencias and CIBERNED, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain [2] Neurotek-UPV/EHU, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Zamudio, Spain
| | - Carlos Matute
- 1] Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Departamento de Neurociencias and CIBERNED, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain [2] Neurotek-UPV/EHU, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Zamudio, Spain
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Van Beusecum J, Inscho EW. Regulation of renal function and blood pressure control by P2 purinoceptors in the kidney. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2015; 21:82-8. [PMID: 25616035 PMCID: PMC5515225 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Kidneys are important regulators of extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) homeostasis. ECFV is a key regulatory component of long-term blood pressure control influenced by controlling tubular sodium transport. In recent decades, renal P2 purinoceptors (P2 receptors) have come to the forefront as a mechanism for regulating ECFV. P2 receptors are broadly distributed in renal tubular and vascular elements where they confer segmental control of renal vascular resistance, autoregulation, and tubular reabsorption. Activation or impairment of renal P2 purinoceptors is implicated in the regulating blood pressure or causing renal pathologies including hypertension. In this brief review, we discuss the role of renal vascular and tubular P2 purinoceptors in the regulation of renal hemodynamics, maintenance of ECFV, regulation of sodium reabsorption and the control of blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Van Beusecum
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Edward W Inscho
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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31
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Yu Z, Liu N, Zhao J, Li Y, McCarthy TJ, Tedford CE, Lo EH, Wang X. Near infrared radiation rescues mitochondrial dysfunction in cortical neurons after oxygen-glucose deprivation. Metab Brain Dis 2015; 30:491-6. [PMID: 24599760 PMCID: PMC4156924 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-014-9515-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Near infrared radiation (NIR) is known to penetrate and affect biological systems in multiple ways. Recently, a series of experimental studies suggested that low intensity NIR may protect neuronal cells against a wide range of insults that mimic diseases such as stroke, brain trauma and neurodegeneration. However, the potential molecular mechanisms of neuroprotection with NIR remain poorly defined. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that low intensity NIR may attenuate hypoxia/ischemia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in neurons. Primary cortical mouse neuronal cultures were subjected to 4 h oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation for 2 h, neurons were then treated with a 2 min exposure to 810-nm NIR. Mitochondrial function markers including MTT reduction and mitochondria membrane potential were measured at 2 h after treatment. Neurotoxicity was quantified 20 h later. Our results showed that 4 h oxygen-glucose deprivation plus 20 h reoxygenation caused 33.8 ± 3.4 % of neuron death, while NIR exposure significantly reduced neuronal death to 23.6 ± 2.9 %. MTT reduction rate was reduced to 75.9 ± 2.7 % by oxygen-glucose deprivation compared to normoxic controls, but NIR exposure significantly rescued MTT reduction to 87.6 ± 4.5 %. Furthermore, after oxygen-glucose deprivation, mitochondria membrane potential was reduced to 48.9 ± 4.39 % of normoxic control, while NIR exposure significantly ameliorated this reduction to 89.6 ± 13.9 % of normoxic control. Finally, NIR significantly rescued OGD-induced ATP production decline at 20 min after NIR. These findings suggest that low intensity NIR can protect neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation by rescuing mitochondrial function and restoring neuronal energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyang Yu
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA,
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Abstract
This review is a historical account about purinergic signalling in the heart, for readers to see how ideas and understanding have changed as new experimental results were published. Initially, the focus is on the nervous control of the heart by ATP as a cotransmitter in sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory nerves, as well as in intracardiac neurons. Control of the heart by centers in the brain and vagal cardiovascular reflexes involving purines are also discussed. The actions of adenine nucleotides and nucleosides on cardiomyocytes, atrioventricular and sinoatrial nodes, cardiac fibroblasts, and coronary blood vessels are described. Cardiac release and degradation of ATP are also described. Finally, the involvement of purinergic signalling and its therapeutic potential in cardiac pathophysiology is reviewed, including acute and chronic heart failure, ischemia, infarction, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, syncope, hypertrophy, coronary artery disease, angina, diabetic cardiomyopathy, as well as heart transplantation and coronary bypass grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK,
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33
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Ghaleb R, Naciri M, Al-Majmaie R, Maki A, Al-Rubeai M. Enhancement of monoclonal antibody production in CHO cells by exposure to He-Ne laser radiation. Cytotechnology 2014; 66:761-7. [PMID: 23943087 PMCID: PMC4158014 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-013-9625-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study tested the effectiveness of laser biostimulation in small-scale cultures in vitro. We investigated the response of recombinant CHO cells, which are used for the production of monoclonal antibody, to low level laser radiation. The cells were irradiated using a 632.8 nm He-Ne laser in a continuous wave mode at different energy doses. We incubated the irradiated cells in small batch cultures and assessed their proliferation and productivity at various time intervals. Compared to untreated cells, the irradiated cells showed a significant increase in antibody production. Moreover, the results showed that laser irradiation did not affect viability and slightly enhanced proliferation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Ghaleb
- />School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- />Institute of Laser for Postgraduate Studies, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mariam Naciri
- />School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rasoul Al-Majmaie
- />School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Amel Maki
- />Institute of Laser for Postgraduate Studies, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mohamed Al-Rubeai
- />School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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Yeung PKF, Xu Z, Seeto D. Diltiazem reduces mortality and breakdown of ATP in red blood cell induced by isoproterenol in a freely moving rat model in vivo. Metabolites 2014; 4:775-89. [PMID: 25215514 PMCID: PMC4192692 DOI: 10.3390/metabo4030775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The benefit of calcium channel blockers for cardiovascular prevention against heart attack and stroke has not been firmly supported. We investigated the possible cardiovascular protective effect of diltiazem (DTZ) against injury induced by isoproterenol using a freely moving rat model in vivo. Sprague Dawley rats were injected subcutaneously (sc) with either 5 or 10 mg/kg of DTZ, or saline as control, twice daily for five doses. One hour after the last injection, a single dose of isoproterenol (30 mg/kg) was injected sc to each rat. Blood samples were collected serially for 6 h for measurement of adenine nucleotides (ATP, ADP and AMP) in red blood cell (RBC) by a validated HPLC. The study has shown isoproterenol induced 50% mortality and also increased RBC concentrations of AMP from 0.04 ± 0.02 to 0.29 ± 0.21 mM at the end of the experiment (p < 0.05). Treatment with 10 mg/kg of DTZ reduced mortality from 50% to <20% and attenuated the increase of RBC concentrations of AMP from +0.25 ± 0.22 in the control rats to +0.072 ± 0.092 mM (p < 0.05). The study concluded that 10 mg/kg of DTZ reduced mortality and breakdown of ATP induced by isoproterenol in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pollen K F Yeung
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Laboratory, College of Pharmacy and Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Zhaolin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, 5788 University Ave., Halifax, NS B3H 1V8, Canada.
| | - Dena Seeto
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Laboratory, College of Pharmacy and Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Abstract
Background Voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), a channel protein, exists in the outer mitochondrial membrane of somatic cells and is involved in multiple physiological and pathophysiological processes. Up until now, little has been known about VDAC in male germ cells. In the present study, the relationship between VDAC and human sperm motility was explored. Methods Highly motile human spermatozoa were incubated in vitro with anti-VDAC antibody. Total sperm motility, straight line velocity (VSL), curvilinear velocity (VCL), and average path velocity (VAP) were recorded. Intracellular free calcium concentration [(Ca)i], pH value (pHi), and ATP content were determined. Results Co-incubation with anti-VDAC antibody reduced VSL, VCL, and VAP of spermatozoa. Co-incubation further reduced [(Ca)i]. Anti-VDAC antibody did not significantly alter total sperm motility, pHi and intracellular ATP content. Conclusions The data suggest that co-incubation with anti-VDAC antibody reduces sperm motility through inhibition of Ca transmembrane flow. In this way, VDAC participates in the modulation of human sperm motility through mediating Ca transmembrane transport.
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Nativ NI, Yarmush G, So A, Barminko J, Maguire TJ, Schloss R, Berthiaume F, Yarmush ML. Elevated sensitivity of macrosteatotic hepatocytes to hypoxia/reoxygenation stress is reversed by a novel defatting protocol. Liver Transpl 2014; 20:1000-11. [PMID: 24802973 PMCID: PMC4117728 DOI: 10.1002/lt.23905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Macrosteatotic livers exhibit elevated intrahepatic triglyceride (TG) levels in the form of large lipid droplets (LDs), reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and this contributes to their elevated sensitivity to ischemia/reperfusion injury during transplantation. Reducing macrosteatosis in living donors through dieting has been shown to improve transplant outcomes. Accomplishing the same feat for deceased donor grafts would require ex vivo exposure to potent defatting agents. Here we used a rat hepatocyte culture system exhibiting a macrosteatotic LD morphology, elevated TG levels, and an elevated sensitivity to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) to test for such agents and ameliorate H/R sensitivity. Macrosteatotic hepatocyte preconditioning for 48 hours with a defatting cocktail that was previously developed to promote TG catabolism reduced the number of macrosteatotic LDs and intracellular TG levels by 82% and 27%, respectively, but it did not ameliorate sensitivity to H/R. Supplementation of this cocktail with l-carnitine, together with hyperoxic exposure, yielded a similar reduction in the number of macrosteatotic LDs and a 57% reduction in intrahepatic TG storage, likely by increasing the supply of acetyl coenzyme A to mitochondria, as indicated by a 70% increase in ketone body secretion. Furthermore, this treatment reduced ROS levels by 32%, increased ATP levels by 27% (to levels near those of lean controls), and completely abolished H/R sensitivity as indicated by approximately 85% viability after H/R and the reduction of cytosolic lactate dehydrogenase release to levels seen in lean controls. Cultures maintained for 48 hours after H/R were approximately 83% viable and exhibited superior urea secretion and bile canalicular transport in comparison with untreated macrosteatotic cultures. In conclusion, these findings show that the elevated sensitivity of macrosteatotic hepatocytes to H/R can be overcome by defatting agents, and they suggest a possible route for the recovery of discarded macrosteatotic grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir I. Nativ
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Gabriel Yarmush
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Ashley So
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Jeffery Barminko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Timothy J. Maguire
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Rene Schloss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | | | - Martin L. Yarmush
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ., Center for Engineering in Medicine/Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
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Wang L, Zhang D, Schwarz W. TRPV Channels in Mast Cells as a Target for Low-Level-Laser Therapy. Cells 2014; 3:662-73. [PMID: 24971848 PMCID: PMC4197630 DOI: 10.3390/cells3030662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-level laser irradiation in the visible as well as infrared range is applied to skin for treatment of various diseases. Here we summarize and discuss effects of laser irradiation on mast cells that leads to degranulation of the cells. This process may contribute to initial steps in the final medical effects. We suggest that activation of TRPV channels in the mast cells forms a basis for the underlying mechanisms and that released ATP and histamine may be putative mediators for therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Shanghai Research Center for Acupuncture and Meridians, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Fudan University Shanghai, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wolfgang Schwarz
- Institute for Biophysics, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
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Grant CR, Liberal R, Holder BS, Cardone J, Ma Y, Robson SC, Vergani GM, Vergani D, Longhi MS. Dysfunctional CD39(POS) regulatory T cells and aberrant control of T-helper type 17 cells in autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology 2014; 59:1007-15. [PMID: 23787765 PMCID: PMC6377365 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an important cause of severe liver disease and is associated with both quantitative and qualitative regulatory T-cell (Treg) impairments. Tregs express CD39, an ectonucleotidase responsible for extracellular nucleotide hydrolysis, culminating in the production of immunosuppressive adenosine. Here, we describe multiple CD39(pos) Treg defects that potentially contribute to the impaired immunoregulation that is characteristic of AIH. We have examined the frequency and phenotype of CD39(pos) Tregs by flow cytometry and measured their ectonucleotidase activity. The capacity of CD4(pos) CD25(high) , CD4(pos) CD25(high) CD39(pos) , and CD4(pos) CD25(high) CD39(neg) subsets to suppress both proliferation of effector T cells and interleukin (IL)-17 production was evaluated. In AIH, CD39(pos) Tregs are decreased in frequency, exhibit limited adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate hydrolysis activity, and fail to suppress IL-17 production by effector CD4 T cells. Moreover, these CD39(pos) Tregs display a more proinflammatory profile in AIH, which is characterized by elevated CD127 positivity, and a greater propensity to produce interferon-gamma or IL-17 upon challenge with proinflammatory stimuli. CONCLUSIONS In AIH, CD39(pos) Tregs are decreased in number, fail to adequately hydrolyze proinflammatory nucleotides and do not efficiently suppress IL-17 production by effector CD4 T cells. CD39(pos) Tregs show plasticity and are unstable upon proinflammatory challenge, suggesting that defective immunoregulation in AIH might result not only from reduced Treg number and function, but also from increased conversion of Tregs into effector cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte R. Grant
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College London School of Medicine at King’s College
Hospital, London, UK
| | - Rodrigo Liberal
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College London School of Medicine at King’s College
Hospital, London, UK,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Beth S. Holder
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College London School of Medicine at King’s College
Hospital, London, UK
| | - John Cardone
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College London School of Medicine at King’s College
Hospital, London, UK
| | - Yun Ma
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College London School of Medicine at King’s College
Hospital, London, UK
| | - Simon C. Robson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Giorgina Mieli Vergani
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College London School of Medicine at King’s College
Hospital, London, UK,Paediatric Liver, GI & Nutrition Centre, King’s College London School of Medicine at King’s
College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Diego Vergani
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College London School of Medicine at King’s College
Hospital, London, UK
| | - Maria Serena Longhi
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College London School of Medicine at King’s College
Hospital, London, UK,Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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Abstract
Transcription factor Nrf2 (NF-E2 p45-related factor 2) regulates the cellular redox homoeostasis and cytoprotective responses, allowing adaptation and survival under conditions of stress. The significance of Nrf2 in intermediary metabolism is also beginning to be recognized. Thus this transcription factor negatively affects fatty acid synthesis. However, the effect of Nrf2 on fatty acid oxidation is currently unknown. In the present paper, we report that the mitochondrial oxidation of long-chain (palmitic) and short-chain (hexanoic) fatty acids is depressed in the absence of Nrf2 and accelerated when Nrf2 is constitutively active. Addition of fatty acids stimulates respiration in heart and liver mitochondria isolated from wild-type mice. This effect is significantly weaker when Nrf2 is deleted, whereas it is stronger when Nrf2 activity is constitutively high. In the absence of glucose, addition of fatty acids differentially affects the production of ATP in mouse embryonic fibroblasts from wild-type, Nrf2-knockout and Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1)-knockout mice. In acute tissue slices, the rate of regeneration of FADH2 is reduced when Nrf2 is absent. This metabolic role of Nrf2 on fatty acid oxidation has implications for chronic disease conditions including cancer, metabolic syndrome and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe H. R. Ludtmann
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, U.K
| | - Plamena R. Angelova
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, U.K
| | - Ying Zhang
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K
| | - Andrey Y. Abramov
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, U.K
| | - Albena T. Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A
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40
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Akki A, Yang H, Gupta A, Chacko VP, Yano T, Leppo MK, Steenbergen C, Walston J, Weiss RG. Skeletal muscle ATP kinetics are impaired in frail mice. Age (Dordr) 2014; 36:21-30. [PMID: 23695949 PMCID: PMC3889887 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-013-9540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The interleukin-10 knockout mouse (IL10(tm/tm)) has been proposed as a model for human frailty, a geriatric syndrome characterized by skeletal muscle (SM) weakness, because it develops an age-related decline in SM strength compared to control (C57BL/6J) mice. Compromised energy metabolism and energy deprivation appear to play a central role in muscle weakness in metabolic myopathies and muscular dystrophies. Nonetheless, it is not known whether SM energy metabolism is altered in frailty. A combination of in vivo (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance experiments and biochemical assays was used to measure high-energy phosphate concentrations, the rate of ATP synthesis via creatine kinase (CK), the primary energy reserve reaction in SM, as well as the unidirectional rates of ATP synthesis from inorganic phosphate (Pi) in hind limb SM of 92-week-old control (n = 7) and IL10(tm/tm) (n = 6) mice. SM Phosphocreatine (20.2 ± 2.3 vs. 16.8 ± 2.3 μmol/g, control vs. IL10(tm/tm), p < 0.05), ATP flux via CK (5.0 ± 0.9 vs. 3.1 ± 1.1 μmol/g/s, p < 0.01), ATP synthesis from inorganic phosphate (Pi → ATP) (0.58 ± 0.3 vs. 0.26 ± 0.2 μmol/g/s, p < 0.05) and the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis (∆G ∼ATP) were significantly lower and [Pi] (2.8 ± 1.0 vs. 5.3 ± 2.0 μmol/g, control vs. IL10(tm/tm), p < 0.05) markedly higher in IL10(tm/tm) than in control mice. These observations demonstrate that, despite normal in vitro metabolic enzyme activities, in vivo SM ATP kinetics, high-energy phosphate levels and energy release from ATP hydrolysis are reduced and inorganic phosphate is elevated in a murine model of frailty. These observations do not prove, but are consistent with the premise, that energetic abnormalities may contribute metabolically to SM weakness in this geriatric syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Akki
- />Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
- />Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Huanle Yang
- />Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Ashish Gupta
- />Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
- />Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Vadappuram P. Chacko
- />Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Toshiyuki Yano
- />Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Michelle K. Leppo
- />Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Charles Steenbergen
- />Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Jeremy Walston
- />Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Robert G. Weiss
- />Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
- />Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
- />The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Blalock 544, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287-6568 USA
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41
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Alsaqati M, Chan SLF, Ralevic V. Investigation of the functional expression of purine and pyrimidine receptors in porcine isolated pancreatic arteries. Purinergic Signal 2013; 10:241-9. [PMID: 24310605 PMCID: PMC4040170 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-013-9403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptors for purines and pyrimidines are expressed throughout the cardiovascular system. This study investigated their functional expression in porcine isolated pancreatic arteries. Pancreatic arteries (endothelium intact or denuded) were prepared for isometric tension recording and preconstricted with U46619, a thromboxane A(2) mimetic; adenosine-5'-diphosphate (ADP), uridine-5'-triphosphate (UTP) and MRS2768, a selective P2Y(2) agonist, were applied cumulatively, while adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) and αβ-methylene-ATP (αβ-meATP) response curves were generated from single concentrations per tissue segment. Antagonists/enzyme inhibitors were applied prior to U46619 addition. ATP, αβ-meATP, UTP and MRS2768 induced vasoconstriction, with a potency order of αβ-meATP > MRS2768 > ATP ≥ UTP. Contractions to ATP and αβ-meATP were blocked by NF449, a selective P2X(1) receptor antagonist. The contraction induced by ATP, but not UTP, was followed by vasorelaxation. Endothelium removal and DUP 697, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, had no significant effect on contraction to ATP but attenuated that to UTP, indicating actions at distinct receptors. MRS2578, a selective P2Y(6) receptor antagonist, had no effect on contractions to UTP. ADP induced endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation which was inhibited by MRS2179, a selective P2Y(1) receptor antagonist, or SCH58261, a selective adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonist. The contractions to ATP and αβ-meATP were attributed to actions at P2X(1) receptors on the vascular smooth muscle, whereas it was shown for the first time that UTP induced an endothelium-dependent vasoconstriction which may involve P2Y(2) and/or P2Y(4) receptors. The relaxation induced by ADP is mediated by P2Y(1) and A(2A) adenosine receptors. Porcine pancreatic arteries appear to lack vasorelaxant P2Y(2) and P2Y(4) receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Alsaqati
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH UK
| | - S. L. F. Chan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH UK
| | - V. Ralevic
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH UK
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42
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Morelli AM, Ravera S, Calzia D, Panfoli I. Hypothesis of lipid-phase-continuity proton transfer for aerobic ATP synthesis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2013; 33:1838-42. [PMID: 24084698 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The basic processes harvesting chemical energy for life are driven by proton (H(+)) movements. These are accomplished by the mitochondrial redox complex V, integral membrane supramolecular aggregates, whose structure has recently been described by advanced studies. These did not identify classical aqueous pores. It was proposed that H(+) transfer for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) does not occur between aqueous sources and sinks, where an energy barrier would be insurmountable. This suggests a novel hypothesis for the proton transfer. A lipid-phase-continuity H(+) transfer is proposed in which H(+) are always bound to phospholipid heads and cardiolipin, according to Mitchell's hypothesis of asymmetric vectorial H(+) diffusion. A phase separation is proposed among the proton flow, following an intramembrane pathway, and the ATP synthesis, occurring in the aqueous phase. This view reminiscent of Grotthus mechanism would better account for the distance among the Fo and F1 moieties of FoF1-ATP synthase, for its mechanical coupling, as well as the necessity of a lipid membrane. A unique active role for lipids in the evolution of life can be envisaged. Interestingly, this view would also be consistent with the evidence of an OXPHOS outside mitochondria also found in non-vesicular membranes, housing the redox complexes.
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43
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Oh SS, Plakos K, Xiao Y, Eisenstein M, Soh HT. In vitro selection of shape-changing DNA nanostructures capable of binding-induced cargo release. ACS Nano 2013; 7:9675-9683. [PMID: 24168267 PMCID: PMC3919467 DOI: 10.1021/nn404079v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Many biological systems employ allosteric regulatory mechanisms, which offer a powerful means of directly linking a specific binding event to a wide spectrum of molecular functionalities. There is considerable interest in generating synthetic allosteric regulators that can perform useful molecular functions for applications in diagnostics, imaging and targeted therapies, but generating such molecules through either rational design or directed evolution has proven exceptionally challenging. To address this need, we present an in vitro selection strategy for generating conformation-switching DNA nanostructures that selectively release a small-molecule payload in response to binding of a specific trigger molecule. As an exemplar, we have generated a DNA nanostructure that hybridizes with a separate 'cargo strand' containing an abasic site. This abasic site stably sequesters a fluorescent cargo molecule in an inactive state until the DNA nanostructure encounters an ATP trigger molecule. This ATP trigger causes the nanostructure to release the cargo strand, thereby liberating the fluorescent payload and generating a detectable fluorescent readout. Our DNA nanostructure is highly sensitive, with an EC50 of 30 μM, and highly specific, releasing its payload in response to ATP but not to other chemically similar nucleotide triphosphates. We believe that this selection approach could be generalized to generate synthetic nanostructures capable of selective and controlled release of other small-molecule cargos in response to a variety of triggers, for both research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Soo Oh
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Kory Plakos
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Yi Xiao
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Michael Eisenstein
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Hyongsok Tom Soh
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
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44
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Ho L, Titus AS, Banerjee KK, George S, Lin W, Deota S, Saha AK, Nakamura K, Gut P, Verdin E, Kolthur-Seetharam U. SIRT4 regulates ATP homeostasis and mediates a retrograde signaling via AMPK. Aging (Albany NY) 2013; 5:835-49. [PMID: 24296486 PMCID: PMC3868726 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Efficient coupling of cellular energy production to metabolic demand is crucial to maintain organismal homeostasis. Here, we report that the mitochondrial Sirtuin Sirt4 regulates mitochondrial ATP homeostasis. We find that Sirt4 affects mitochondrial uncoupling via the adenine nucleotide translocator 2 (ANT2). Loss of Sirt4 expression leads to decreased cellular ATP levelsin vitro and in vivo while Sirt4 overexpression is associated with increased ATP levels. Further, we provide evidence that lack of Sirt4 activates a retrograde signaling response from the mitochondria to the nucleus that includes AMPK, PGC1α, key regulators of β-oxidation such as Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and components of the mitochondrial respiratory machinery. This study highlights the ability of Sirt4 to regulate ATP levels via ANT2 and a feedback loop involving AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Ho
- The Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Allen Sam Titus
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai, India
| | - Kushal Kr Banerjee
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai, India
| | - Suji George
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai, India
| | - Wei Lin
- The Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Shaunak Deota
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Ken Nakamura
- The Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Philipp Gut
- The Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Eric Verdin
- The Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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Liñán-Rico A, Wunderlich JE, Grants IS, Frankel WL, Xue J, Williams KC, Harzman AE, Enneking JT, Cooke HJ, Christofi FL. Purinergic autocrine regulation of mechanosensitivity and serotonin release in a human EC model: ATP-gated P2X3 channels in EC are downregulated in ulcerative colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2013; 19:2366-79. [PMID: 23917247 DOI: 10.1097/MIB.0b013e31829ecf4d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in 5-hydroxytryptamine (HT) signaling in inflamed gut may contribute to pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) regulates mucosal-mechanosensory reflexes and ATP receptors are sensitive to mucosal inflammation. Yet, it remains unknown whether ATP can modulate 5-HT signaling in enterochromaffin cells (EC). We tested the novel purinergic hypothesis that ATP is a critical autocrine regulator of EC mechanosensitivity and whether EC expression of ATP-gated P2X3-ion channels is altered in inflammatory bowel diseases. METHODS Laser confocal (fluo-4) Ca imaging was performed in 1947 BON cells. Chemical stimulation or mechanical stimulation (MS) was used to study 5-HT or ATP release in human BON or surgical mucosal specimens, and purine receptors by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western Blot, or P2X3-immunoreactivity in BON or 5-HT human EC (hEC) in 11 control and 10 severely inflamed ulcerative colitis (UC) cases. RESULTS ATP or MS triggered Ca-transients or 5-HT release in BON. ATP or adenosine diphosphate increased 5-HT release 5-fold. MS caused ATP release, detected after 5'ecto-ATPase inhibition by ARL67156. ARL67156 augmented and apyrase blocked Ca/5-HT mechanosensitive responses. 2-Methyl-thio-adenosine diphosphate 5'-monophosphate-evoked (P2Y1,12) or mechanically-evoked responses were blocked or augmented by a P2Y1,12 antagonist, MRS2179, in different cells or inhibited by U73122. A P2Y12 antagonist, 2MeSAMP, augmented responses. A P2X1,3 agonist, α,β-MeATP, triggered Ca responses, whereas a P2X1,2/3,3 antagonist, 2',3'-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-ATP, blocked mechanical responses or cell-surface 5'ATP- labeling. In hEC, α,β-MeATP stimulated 5-HT release. In UC, P2X3-immunoreactivity decreased from 15% to 0.2% of 5-HThECs. Human mucosa and BON expressed P2X1, P2X3, P2X4, P2X5, P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y6, P2Y11, and P2Y12R-messenger RNA transcripts. CONCLUSIONS ATP is a critical determinant of mechanosensation and 5-HT release via autocrine activation of slow P2Y1-phospholipase C/inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate-Ca or inhibitory P2Y12-purinergic pathways, and fast ATP-gated P2X3-channels. UC downregulation of P2X3-channels (or A2B) is postulated to mediate abnormal 5-HT signaling.
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46
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Ferreira-Neto HC, Yao ST, Antunes VR. Purinergic and glutamatergic interactions in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus modulate sympathetic outflow. Purinergic Signal 2013; 9:337-49. [PMID: 23400372 PMCID: PMC3757145 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-013-9352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
P2X receptors are expressed on ventrolateral medulla projecting paraventricular nucleus (PVN) neurons. Here, we investigate the role of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) in modulating sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) at the level of the PVN. We used an in situ arterially perfused rat preparation to determine the effect of P2 receptor activation and the putative interaction between purinergic and glutamatergic neurotransmitter systems within the PVN on lumbar SNA (LSNA). Unilateral microinjection of ATP into the PVN induced a dose-related increase in the LSNA (1 nmol: 38 ± 6 %, 2.5 nmol: 72 ± 7 %, 5 nmol: 96 ±13 %). This increase was significantly attenuated by blockade of P2 receptors (pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-20,40-disulphonic acid, PPADS) and glutamate receptors (kynurenic acid, KYN) or a combination of both. The increase in LSNA elicited by L-glutamate microinjection into the PVN was not affected by a previous injection of PPADS. Selective blockade of non-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione disodium salt, CNQX), but not N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDA) receptors (DL-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid, AP5), attenuated the ATP-induced sympathoexcitatory effects at the PVN level. Taken together, our data show that purinergic neurotransmission within the PVN is involved in the control of SNA via P2 receptor activation. Moreover, we show an interaction between P2 receptors and non-NMDA glutamate receptors in the PVN suggesting that these functional interactions might be important in the regulation of sympathetic outflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. C. Ferreira-Neto
- />Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - S. T. Yao
- />Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - V. R. Antunes
- />Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Jacob F, Novo CP, Bachert C, Van Crombruggen K. Purinergic signaling in inflammatory cells: P2 receptor expression, functional effects, and modulation of inflammatory responses. Purinergic Signal 2013; 9:285-306. [PMID: 23404828 PMCID: PMC3757148 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-013-9357-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular ATP and related nucleotides promote a wide range of pathophysiological responses via activation of cell surface purinergic P2 receptors. Almost every cell type expresses P2 receptors and/or exhibit regulated release of ATP. In this review, we focus on the purinergic receptor distribution in inflammatory cells and their implication in diverse immune responses by providing an overview of the current knowledge in the literature related to purinergic signaling in neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and mast cells. The pathophysiological role of purinergic signaling in these cells include among others calcium mobilization, actin polymerization, chemotaxis, release of mediators, cell maturation, cytotoxicity, and cell death. We finally discuss the therapeutic potential of P2 receptor subtype selective drugs in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenila Jacob
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claudina Pérez Novo
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claus Bachert
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Crombruggen
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Simão AMS, Bolean M, Hoylaerts MF, Millán JL, Ciancaglini P. Effects of pH on the production of phosphate and pyrophosphate by matrix vesicles' biomimetics. Calcif Tissue Int 2013; 93:222-32. [PMID: 23942722 PMCID: PMC3752608 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-013-9745-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
During endochondral bone formation, chondrocytes and osteoblasts synthesize and mineralize the extracellular matrix through a process that initiates within matrix vesicles (MVs) and ends with bone mineral propagation onto the collagenous scaffold. pH gradients have been identified in the growth plate of long bones, but how pH changes affect the initiation of skeletal mineralization is not known. Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) degrades extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), a mineralization inhibitor produced by ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 (NPP1), while contributing Pi from ATP to initiate mineralization. TNAP and NPP1, alone or combined, were reconstituted in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes to mimic the microenvironment of MVs. The hydrolysis of ATP, ADP, AMP, and PPi was studied at pH 8 and 9 and compared to the data determined at pH 7.4. While catalytic efficiencies in general were higher at alkaline pH, PPi hydrolysis was maximal at pH 8 and indicated a preferential utilization of PPi over ATP at pH 8 versus 9. In addition, all proteoliposomes induced mineral formation when incubated in a synthetic cartilage lymph containing 1 mM ATP as substrate and amorphous calcium phosphate or calcium-phosphate-phosphatidylserine complexes as nucleators. Propagation of mineralization was significantly more efficient at pH 7.5 and 8 than at pH 9. Since a slight pH elevation from 7.4 to 8 promotes considerably more hydrolysis of ATP, ADP, and AMP primarily by TNAP, this small pH change facilitates mineralization, especially via upregulated PPi hydrolysis by both NPP1 and TNAP, further elevating the Pi/PPi ratio, thus enhancing bone mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria S. Simão
- Department of Chemistry, FFCLRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maytê Bolean
- Department of Chemistry, FFCLRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marc F. Hoylaerts
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - José Luis Millán
- Sanford Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pietro Ciancaglini
- Department of Chemistry, FFCLRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Sanford Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Chemistry, FFCLRP-USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. Tel.: +55 16 3602-3753; Fax: +55 16 3602-4838;
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Li J, Shuai HY, Gylfe E, Tengholm A. Oscillations of sub-membrane ATP in glucose-stimulated beta cells depend on negative feedback from Ca(2+). Diabetologia 2013; 56:1577-86. [PMID: 23536115 PMCID: PMC3671113 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2894-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS ATP links changes in glucose metabolism to electrical activity, Ca(2+) signalling and insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells. There is evidence that beta cell metabolism oscillates, but little is known about ATP dynamics at the plasma membrane, where regulation of ion channels and exocytosis occur. METHODS The sub-plasma-membrane ATP concentration ([ATP]pm) was recorded in beta cells in intact mouse and human islets using total internal reflection microscopy and the fluorescent reporter Perceval. RESULTS Glucose dose-dependently increased [ATP]pm with half-maximal and maximal effects at 5.2 and 9 mmol/l, respectively. Additional elevations of glucose to 11 to 20 mmol/l promoted pronounced [ATP]pm oscillations that were synchronised between neighbouring beta cells. [ATP]pm increased further and the oscillations disappeared when voltage-dependent Ca(2+) influx was prevented. In contrast, K(+)-depolarisation induced prompt lowering of [ATP]pm. Simultaneous recordings of [ATP]pm and the sub-plasma-membrane Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]pm) during the early glucose-induced response revealed that the initial [ATP]pm elevation preceded, and was temporarily interrupted by the rise of [Ca(2+)]pm. During subsequent glucose-induced oscillations, the increases of [Ca(2+)]pm correlated with lowering of [ATP]pm. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In beta cells, glucose promotes pronounced oscillations of [ATP]pm, which depend on negative feedback from Ca(2+) . The bidirectional interplay between these messengers in the sub-membrane space generates the metabolic and ionic oscillations that underlie pulsatile insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Li
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Box 571, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H. Y. Shuai
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Box 571, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E. Gylfe
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Box 571, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A. Tengholm
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Box 571, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
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Jabaut J, Ather JL, Taracanova A, Poynter ME, Ckless K. Mitochondria-targeted drugs enhance Nlrp3 inflammasome-dependent IL-1β secretion in association with alterations in cellular redox and energy status. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 60:233-45. [PMID: 23376234 PMCID: PMC3705582 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The Nlrp3 inflammasome is activated in response to an array of environmental and endogenous molecules leading to caspase-1-dependent IL-1β processing and secretion by myeloid cells. Several identified Nlrp3 inflammasome activators also trigger reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, the initial concept that NADPH oxidases are the primary source of ROS production during inflammasome activation is becoming less accepted. Therefore, the importance of mitochondria-derived ROS has been recently explored. In this study, we explore the impact of mitochondria dysfunction and ROS production on Nlrp3 inflammasome stimulation and IL-1β secretion induced by serum amyloid A (SAA) in primary mouse peritoneal macrophages. To induce mitochondrial dysfunction, we utilized antimycin A, which blocks electron flow at complex III, and carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP), a mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler. We also utilized a superoxide dismutase mimetic, MnTBAP, which targets the mitochondria, as well as the broad-spectrum antioxidants DPI (diphenyleneiodonium chloride) and ebselen. Our findings demonstrate that SAA alone induces mitochondrial ROS in a time-dependent manner. We observed that MnTBAP and ebselen blocked IL-1β secretion caused by SAA only when added before stimulation, and DPI augmented IL-1β secretion. Surprisingly, these effects were not directly related to intracellular or mitochondrial ROS levels. We also found that mitochondria-targeted drugs increased IL-1β secretion regardless of their impact on mitochondrial function and ROS levels, suggesting that mitochondrial ROS-dependent and -independent mechanisms play a role in the Nlrp3 inflammasome/IL-1β secretion axis in SAA-stimulated cells. Finally, we found that FCCP significantly sustained the association of the Nlrp3 inflammasome complex, which could explain the most robust effect among the drugs tested in enhancing IL-1β secretion in SAA-treated cells. Overall, our data suggest that the Nlrp3 inflammasome/IL-1β secretion axis is a very highly regulated inflammatory pathway that is susceptible not only to changes in mitochondrial or intracellular ROS, but also to changes in overall mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Jabaut
- Chemistry Department, State University of New York, at Plattsburgh. Plattsburgh NY 12901
- Department of Medicine, Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont, Burlington VT 05405
| | - Jennifer L. Ather
- Department of Medicine, Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont, Burlington VT 05405
| | - Alexandra Taracanova
- Chemistry Department, State University of New York, at Plattsburgh. Plattsburgh NY 12901
| | - Matthew E. Poynter
- Department of Medicine, Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont, Burlington VT 05405
| | - Karina Ckless
- Chemistry Department, State University of New York, at Plattsburgh. Plattsburgh NY 12901
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Karina Ckless, Chemistry Department, State University of New York at Plattsburgh, Ward Hall, Room 224, 101 Broad Street, Plattsburgh, NY, Phone: 518 564 4118,
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