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Clericuzio M, Serra S, Vidari G. No Evidence Was Found for the Presence of Terreolides, Terreumols or Saponaceolides H-S in the Fruiting Bodies of Tricholoma terreum (Basidiomycota, Agaricales). Molecules 2024; 29:1794. [PMID: 38675614 PMCID: PMC11052463 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Two different collections of the gilled wild fungus Tricholoma terreum, collected in Italy, were subjected to phytochemical analysis. The fungal material was confidently identified by analysis of the ITS genomic sequences. Using both HR-LC-MS and NMR techniques, no evidence was found for the presence in the fruiting bodies of terreolides, terreumols or saponaceolides H-S, in striking contrast with the isolation of these terpenoids by Chinese authors from a mushroom collected in France and identified as T. terreum. The main cytotoxic terpenoid identified and isolated from the extracts of the specimens investigated in this work was the C30 derivative saponaceolide B, which had been previously isolated from T. saponaceum and other T. terreum collections. Although saponaceolide B is a rather labile molecule, easily degradable by heat or in acidic conditions, our study indicated that none of the extraction protocols used produced saponaceolide H-S or terreolide/terreumol derivatives, thus excluding the possibility that the latter compounds could be extraction artifacts. Considered together, these findings point to the need for the unambiguous identification of mushroom species belonging to the complex genus Tricholoma, characterized by high variability in the composition of metabolites. Moreover, based on our data, T. terreum must be considered an edible mushroom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Clericuzio
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Stefano Serra
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (SCITEC-CNR), Via Luigi Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vidari
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Iraq
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Junior TFB, Lima NM, Carli GP, M Cachuba R, J Guarneire G, J Tabai B, M Abrão R, G Barbosa S, Machado LS, S Nunes J, S Machado F, Andrade TDJAS, Br Castro S, Vaz BG, A Amaral E, S Alves CC, Carli AP. In vitro antitumor effects of aqueous extract and protease inhibitors from Sterculia striata st. Hil. et naud and metabolite profiling. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38319135 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2302326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The present study aims to assess the cytotoxic effect of the aqueous and protease inhibitors extracts of Sterculia striata on breast cancer cell lines. The in vitro results showed significant reductions in the highest concentrations from the S. striata seed extract for all cell lines. The aqueous extract reduced the viability by up to 35% in the MCF-7, 25% in the 4T1, and 35% in the MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Regarding the protease inhibitor extract, a 50% reduction in cell viability was observed in the MDA-MB-231 at concentration of 333 µg/mL. The aqueous and the protease inhibitor extracts showed mild reduction in the viability of macrophage cell lines. Chemical characterisation analysis revealed several polyphenols such as flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, and other secondary metabolites including terpenes, steroids, fatty acids, and organic acids, which may be related to the promising bioactivity observed. The S. striata showed antitumor activity, emphasising its pharmacological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeu F Braga Junior
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, DiamantinaBrazil
| | - Nerilson M Lima
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Gabriela P Carli
- Medical school, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Roberta M Cachuba
- Medical school, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gracimério J Guarneire
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, DiamantinaBrazil
| | - Beatriz J Tabai
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, DiamantinaBrazil
| | - Roberta M Abrão
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, DiamantinaBrazil
| | - Samuel G Barbosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, DiamantinaBrazil
| | - Lucas S Machado
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Jander S Nunes
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, DiamantinaBrazil
| | - Fabiana S Machado
- Medical school, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Br Castro
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, DiamantinaBrazil
| | - Boniek G Vaz
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Ernani A Amaral
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, DiamantinaBrazil
| | - Caio Cesar S Alves
- Medical school, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alessandra P Carli
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, DiamantinaBrazil
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Hassan MG, Elmezain WA, Baraka DM, AboElmaaty SA, Elhassanein A, Ibrahim RM, Hamed AA. Anti-Cancer and Anti-Oxidant Bioactive Metabolites from Aspergillus fumigatus WA7S6 Isolated from Marine Sources: In Vitro and In Silico Studies. Microorganisms 2024; 12:127. [PMID: 38257954 PMCID: PMC10819583 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a huge global disease burden. Every year, tens of millions of people worldwide are diagnosed with cancer, and more than half of them die as a result of it. The great biodiversity of the marine environment has increasingly piqued the interest of experts, especially in the field of drug discovery. The marine fungus Aspergillus fumigatus WA7S6 has been selected among a group of fungi isolated from marine sponges as it exhibits a pronounced antimicrobial activity toward a group of pathogenic microbes. The fungus has been identified genetically by amplification and analysis of its 18srRNA gene. The fungus crude extract has been obtained by cultivation of the fungus on rice media. The crude extract was tested for antibacterial activity against a variety of pathogenic microorganisms. The results demonstrated a pronounced antimicrobial action against P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, A. niger, and Candida albicans. Furthermore, we tested the antioxidant potential of the Aspergillus fumigatus WA7S6 crude extract using three different methods: ATBS, DPPH, and lipid peroxidation assays. Results showed that the crude extract WA7S6 had an IC50 value of 21.35 µg/mL. The anticancer potential of the crude extract was also evaluated against cancer cell lines such as Hela, MCF, and WI-38. The chemical profiling of the fungus extract was identified via GC-mass and in silico molecular docking of the identified compounds on heme oxygenase, as a stress protein included in cellular protection, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, suggesting that some compounds, such as 9-Tetradecynoic acid, 11-Hexadecynoic acid, methyl ester, and dehydromevalonic lactone, could be relevant for antioxidant purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat G. Hassan
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 33516, Egypt; (M.G.H.); (W.A.E.); (D.M.B.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Waleed A. Elmezain
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 33516, Egypt; (M.G.H.); (W.A.E.); (D.M.B.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Dina M. Baraka
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 33516, Egypt; (M.G.H.); (W.A.E.); (D.M.B.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Sabah A. AboElmaaty
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 33516, Egypt; (M.G.H.); (W.A.E.); (D.M.B.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Ahmed Elhassanein
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 551, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Riyad Mohammed Ibrahim
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 551, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed A. Hamed
- Microbial Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St. 33, Cairo 12622, Egypt
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Ye Q, Zhong Z, Chao S, Liu L, Chen M, Feng X, Wu H. Antifungal Effect of Bacillus velezensis ZN-S10 against Plant Pathogen Colletotrichum changpingense and Its Inhibition Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16694. [PMID: 38069016 PMCID: PMC10705930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to optimize crop production and mitigate the adverse impacts associated with the utilization of chemical agents, it is necessary to explore new biocontrol agents. Bacillus velezensis has been widely studied as a biocontrol agent because of its efficient and ecofriendly plant disease control mechanisms. This study shows that the strain ZN-S10 effectively reduces the area of leaf spots caused by the pathogen Colletotrichum changpingense ZAFU0163-1, which affects conidia production and germination, inhibits mycelium growth, and induces mycelium deformation. In antifungal experiments with crude extracts, we observed a delay in the cell cycle of conidia, which may be responsible for the inhibition of conidial germination. Among the bioactive metabolites detected through integrated LC-MS- and GC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics, 7-O-Succinyl macrolactin A, telocinobufagin, and surfactin A may be the main antifungal metabolites of strain ZN-S10. The presence of 7-O-Succinyl macrolactin A could explain the cell damage in germ tubes. This is the first report of telocinobufagin detected in B. velezensis. These results are significant for understanding the inhibitory mechanisms employed by B. velezensis and should serve as a reference in the production of biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Ye
- Jixian Honors College, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Zhupeiqi Zhong
- College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Z.Z.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Shufeng Chao
- College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Z.Z.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Lu Liu
- College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Z.Z.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Mengli Chen
- College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Z.Z.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Feng
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huiming Wu
- College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Z.Z.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (M.C.)
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Shen S, Wang S, Yang C, Wang C, Zhou Q, Zhou S, Zhang R, Li Y, Wang Z, Dai L, Peng W, Hao Y, Guo H, Cao G, Liu X, Yao F, Xu Q, Fernie AR, Luo J. Elucidation of the melitidin biosynthesis pathway in pummelo. J Integr Plant Biol 2023; 65:2505-2518. [PMID: 37675654 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Specialized plant metabolism is a rich resource of compounds for drug discovery. The acylated flavonoid glycoside melitidin is being developed as an anti-cholesterol statin drug candidate, but its biosynthetic route in plants has not yet been fully characterized. Here, we describe the gene discovery and functional characterization of a new flavonoid gene cluster (UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (CgUGTs), 1,2 rhamnosyltransferase (Cg1,2RhaT), acyltransferases (CgATs)) that is responsible for melitidin biosynthesis in pummelo (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck). Population variation analysis indicated that the tailoring of acyltransferases, specific for bitter substrates, mainly determine the natural abundance of melitidin. Moreover, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase enzyme inhibition assays showed that the product from this metabolic gene cluster, melitidin, may be an effective anti-cholesterol statin drug candidate. Co-expression of these clustered genes in Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in the formation of melitidin, demonstrating the potential for metabolic engineering of melitidin in a heterologous plant system. This study establishes a biosynthetic pathway for melitidin, which provides genetic resources for the breeding and genetic improvement of pummelo aimed at fortifying the content of biologically active metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangqian Shen
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Shouchuang Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Chenkun Yang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Qianqian Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shen Zhou
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Yufei Li
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liupan Dai
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenjv Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yingchen Hao
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Guangping Cao
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Xianqing Liu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Fan Yao
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
- Centre of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Jie Luo
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
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Colombo M, Grauso L, Lanzotti V, Incerti G, Adamo A, Storlazzi A, Gigliotti S, Mazzoleni S. Self-DNA Inhibition in Drosophila melanogaster Development: Metabolomic Evidence of the Molecular Determinants. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:1378. [PMID: 37997977 PMCID: PMC10669329 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of dietary delivered self-DNA in the model insect Drosophila melanogaster. Self-DNA administration resulted in low but significant lethality in Drosophila larvae and considerably extended the fly developmental time. This was characterized by the abnormal persistence of the larvae in the L2 and L3 stages, which largely accounted for the average 72 h delay observed in pupariation, as compared to controls. In addition, self-DNA exposure affected adult reproduction by markedly reducing both female fecundity and fertility, further demonstrating its impact on Drosophila developmental processes. The effects on the metabolites of D. melanogaster larvae after exposure to self-DNA were studied by NMR, LC-MS, and molecular networking. The results showed that self-DNA feeding reduces the amounts of all metabolites, particularly amino acids and N-acyl amino acids, which are known to act as lipid signal mediators. An increasing amount of phloroglucinol was found after self-DNA exposure and correlated to developmental delay and egg-laying suppression. Pidolate, a known intermediate in the γ-glutamyl cycle, also increased after exposure to self-DNA and correlated to the block of insect oogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Colombo
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.C.); (A.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Laura Grauso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (L.G.); (V.L.)
| | - Virginia Lanzotti
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (L.G.); (V.L.)
| | - Guido Incerti
- Department of Agri-Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences (DI4A), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Adele Adamo
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.C.); (A.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Aurora Storlazzi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.C.); (A.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Silvia Gigliotti
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.C.); (A.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Stefano Mazzoleni
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (L.G.); (V.L.)
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Wang SY, Pang YB, Tao Y, Shi XC, Zhang YJ, Wang YX, Jiang YH, Ji XY, Wang BL, Herrera-Balandrano DD, Laborda P. Dipicolinic acid enhances kiwifruit resistance to Botrytis cinerea by promoting phenolics accumulation. Pest Management Science 2023; 79:3177-3189. [PMID: 37024430 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kiwifruit is highly susceptible to fungal pathogens, such as Botrytis cinerea, which reduce crop production and quality. In this study, dipicolinic acid (DPA), which is one of the main components of Bacillus spores, was evaluated as a new elicitor to enhance kiwifruit resistance to B. cinerea. RESULTS DPA enhances antioxidant capacity and induces the accumulation of phenolics in B. cinerea-infected 'Xuxiang' kiwifruit. The contents of the main antifungal phenolics in kiwifruit, including caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and isoferulic acid, increased after DPA treatment. DPA enhanced H2 O2 levels after 0 and 1 days, which promoted catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, reducing long-term H2 O2 levels. DPA promoted the up-regulation of several kiwifruit defense genes, including CERK1, MPK3, PR1-1, PR1-2, PR5-1 and PR5-2. Furthermore, DPA at 5 mM inhibited B. cinerea symptoms in kiwifruit (95.1% lesion length inhibition) more effectively than the commercial fungicides carbendazim, difenoconazole, prochloraz and thiram. CONCLUSIONS The antioxidant properties of DPA and the main antifungal phenolics of kiwifruit were examined for the first time. This study uncovers new insights regarding the potential mechanisms used by Bacillus species to induce disease resistance. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yi-Bo Pang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuan Tao
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xin-Chi Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yun-Jiao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yan-Xia Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yong-Hui Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xin-Yu Ji
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Bing-Lin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | | | - Pedro Laborda
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Branco P, Maurício EM, Costa A, Ventura D, Roma-Rodrigues C, Duarte MP, Fernandes AR, Prista C. Exploring the Multifaceted Potential of a Peptide Fraction Derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Metabolism: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1332. [PMID: 37627752 PMCID: PMC10451726 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising demand for minimally processed, natural, and healthier food products has led to the search for alternative and multifunctional bioactive food components. Therefore, the present study focuses on the functional proprieties of a peptide fraction derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolism. The antimicrobial activity of the peptide fraction is evaluated against various foodborne pathogens, including Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella sp. The peptide fraction antioxidant properties are assessed using FRAP and DPPH scavenging capacity assays. Furthermore, the peptide fraction's cytotoxicity is evaluated in colorectal carcinoma and normal colon epithelial cells while its potential as an antidiabetic agent is investigated through α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory assays. The results demonstrate that the 2-10 kDa peptide fraction exhibits antimicrobial effects against all tested microorganisms, except C. krusei. The minimal inhibitory concentration for E. coli, L. monocytogenes, and Salmonella sp. remains consistently low, at 0.25 mg/mL, while C. albicans requires a higher concentration of 1.0 mg/mL. Furthermore, the peptide fraction displays antioxidant activity, as evidenced by DPPH radical scavenging activity of 81.03%, and FRAP values of 1042.50 ± 32.5 µM TE/mL at 1.0 mg/mL. The peptide fraction exhibits no cytotoxicity in both tumor and non-tumoral human cells at a concentration up to 0.3 mg/mL. Moreover, the peptide fraction presents anti-inflammatory activity, significantly reducing the expression of the TNFα gene by more than 29.7% in non-stimulated colon cells and by 50% in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated colon cells. It also inhibits the activity of the carbohydrate digestive enzymes α-amylase (IC50 of 199.3 ± 0.9 µg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC20 of 270.6 ± 6.0 µg/mL). Overall, the findings showed that the peptide fraction exhibits antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activity. This study represents a step forward in the evaluation of the functional biological properties of S. cerevisiae bioactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Branco
- School of Engineering, Lusófona University, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
- Unit of Bioenergy and Biorefinary, Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia (LNEG), Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, 22, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Muchagato Maurício
- School of Engineering, Lusófona University, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
- CBIOS—Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
- Elisa Câmara, Lda, Dermocosmética, Centro Empresarial de Talaíde, n°7 e 8, 2785-723 São Domingos de Rana, Portugal
| | - Ana Costa
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diogo Ventura
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Roma-Rodrigues
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- i4HB, Associate Laboratory—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria Paula Duarte
- MEtRICs, Departamento de Química, NOVA School of Science and Technology|FCTNOVA, Campus de Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexandra R. Fernandes
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- i4HB, Associate Laboratory—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Catarina Prista
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
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9
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Liu J, Zheng Y, Dong F, Li Y, Wu X, Pan X, Zhang Y, Xu J. Insight into the Long-Lasting Control Efficacy of Neonicotinoid Imidacloprid against Wheat Aphids during the Entire Growth Period. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:12167-12176. [PMID: 37552038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of long-lasting control efficacy of pesticides is important for developing sustainable high-efficacy pesticides, decreasing pesticide-use frequency and environmental input. This study investigates the long-term control mechanism of imidacloprid against wheat aphids under seed treatment. The concentrations of imidacloprid and its metabolites were 2.2-69.6 times lower than their individual LC50 after 238 days of treatment, and the control efficacy was still higher than 94.6%. The mixed bioactivity tests demonstrated that the insecticidal activity of the mixture of imidacloprid and its bioactive metabolites was approximately 1.5-189.7 times greater than that of a single compound against wheat aphids. The concentrations of imidacloprid, 5-hydroxy imidacloprid, and imidacloprid olefin in top flag leaves were 0.022, 0.084, and 0.034 mg/kg, respectively, during the aphid flourishing period, which were higher than the LC50 of the mixture (0.011 mg/kg), therefore providing long-lasting control efficacy. The study provides a first insight into the synergistic effects between a pesticide and its bioactive metabolites in ensuring long-term control performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Fengshou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yuanbo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xinglu Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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10
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Kumar S, Gautam V, Singh BP, Kumar D. Editorial: Investigating the impact of bioactive metabolites and extracts in human health and disease. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1244316. [PMID: 37609374 PMCID: PMC10441665 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1244316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
| | - Vibhav Gautam
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhim Pratap Singh
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences (AES), National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM), Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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11
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Ngamcharungchit C, Chaimusik N, Panbangred W, Euanorasetr J, Intra B. Bioactive Metabolites from Terrestrial and Marine Actinomycetes. Molecules 2023; 28:5915. [PMID: 37570885 PMCID: PMC10421486 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinomycetes inhabit both terrestrial and marine ecosystems and are highly proficient in producing a wide range of natural products with diverse biological functions, including antitumor, immunosuppressive, antimicrobial, and antiviral activities. In this review, we delve into the life cycle, ecology, taxonomy, and classification of actinomycetes, as well as their varied bioactive metabolites recently discovered between 2015 and 2023. Additionally, we explore promising strategies to unveil and investigate new bioactive metabolites, encompassing genome mining, activation of silent genes through signal molecules, and co-cultivation approaches. By presenting this comprehensive and up-to-date review, we hope to offer a potential solution to uncover novel bioactive compounds with essential activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chananan Ngamcharungchit
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Mahidol University and Osaka University Collaborative Research Center on Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Nutsuda Chaimusik
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Mahidol University and Osaka University Collaborative Research Center on Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Watanalai Panbangred
- Research, Innovation and Partnerships Office, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Jirayut Euanorasetr
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
- Laboratory of Biotechnological Research for Energy and Bioactive Compounds, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Khet Thung Khru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Bungonsiri Intra
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Mahidol University and Osaka University Collaborative Research Center on Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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12
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Minutolo A, Gismondi A, Chirico R, Di Marco G, Petrone V, Fanelli M, D’Agostino A, Canini A, Grelli S, Albanese L, Centritto M, Zabini F, Matteucci C, Meneguzzo F. Antioxidant Phytocomplexes Extracted from Pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.) Using Hydrodynamic Cavitation Show Potential Anticancer Activity In Vitro. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1560. [PMID: 37627555 PMCID: PMC10451776 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), as an effective, efficient, and scalable extraction technique for natural products, could enable the affordable production of valuable antioxidant extracts from plant resources. For the first time, whole pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruits, rich in bioactive phytochemicals endowed with anti-cancer properties, were extracted in water using HC. Aqueous fractions sequentially collected during the process (M1-M5) were lyophilized (L), filtered (A), or used as such, i.e., crude (C), and analyzed for their biochemical profile and in vitro antioxidant power. The fractions M3 and M4 from the L and C series showed the highest antiradical activity and phytochemical content. While the lyophilized form is preferable for application purposes, sample L-M3, which was produced faster and with lower energy consumption than M4, was used to assess the potential antiproliferative effect on human breast cancer line (AU565-PAR) and peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMC) cells from healthy donors. In a pilot study, cell growth, death, and redox state were assessed, showing that L-M3 significantly reduced tumor cell proliferation and intracellular oxygen reactive species. No effect on PBMCs was detected. Thus, the antioxidant phytocomplex extracted from pomegranate quickly (15 min), at room temperature (30 °C), and efficiently showed potential anticancer activity without harming healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Minutolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.); (V.P.); (M.F.); (S.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Angelo Gismondi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (G.D.M.); (A.D.); (A.C.)
| | - Rossella Chirico
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.); (V.P.); (M.F.); (S.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Gabriele Di Marco
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (G.D.M.); (A.D.); (A.C.)
| | - Vita Petrone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.); (V.P.); (M.F.); (S.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Marialaura Fanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.); (V.P.); (M.F.); (S.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Alessia D’Agostino
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (G.D.M.); (A.D.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonella Canini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (G.D.M.); (A.D.); (A.C.)
| | - Sandro Grelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.); (V.P.); (M.F.); (S.G.); (C.M.)
- Virology Unit, Policlinic of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Albanese
- Institute of Bioeconomy, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Florence, Italy; (L.A.); (F.Z.)
| | - Mauro Centritto
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Florence, Italy;
| | - Federica Zabini
- Institute of Bioeconomy, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Florence, Italy; (L.A.); (F.Z.)
| | - Claudia Matteucci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.); (V.P.); (M.F.); (S.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Francesco Meneguzzo
- Institute of Bioeconomy, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Florence, Italy; (L.A.); (F.Z.)
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Ginovyan M, Babayan A, Shirvanyan A, Minasyan A, Qocharyan M, Kusznierewicz B, Koss-Mikołajczyk I, Avtandilyan N, Vejux A, Bartoszek A, Sahakyan N. The Action Mechanisms, Anti-Cancer and Antibiotic-Modulation Potential of Vaccinium myrtillus L. Extract. Discov Med 2023; 35:590-611. [PMID: 37553312 DOI: 10.24976/discov.med.202335177.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbal medicinal products containing Vaccinium myrtillus L. (bilberry) fruits and fruit extracts are widely available in the market. Although bilberry leaves and stems are considered as bio-waste, they contain much higher levels of phenolic compounds than fruits. The study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial and anticancer potential of aerial part extracts from Vaccinium myrtillus L. (V. myrtillus, VM) plants harvested at high altitudes in Armenian landscape and characterize the bioactive phytochemicals. MATERIAL AND METHODS For evaluation of antioxidant properties, chemical-based tests (total phenolic and flavonoid content, and antiradical activity in 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) tests) and cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assay were applied. Genotoxicity and anticancer properties of the extract alone and in combination with fluorouracil were explored in human cancer and normal cell lines. Antibacterial properties of V. myrtillus extract alone and in combination with antibiotics, as well as their effect on proton-flux rate through cell membrane were explored on bacterial strains. The characterization of active phytochemicals was done using Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole-Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS). RESULTS The V. myrtillus aerial part extract demonstrated promising antioxidant properties in all tests. The selective cytotoxic activity was documented against various cancer cell lines (human colon adenocarcinoma (HT29), human breast cancer (MCF-7) and human cervical carcinoma (HeLa)), while it did not inhibit the growth of tested human normal primary renal mixed epithelial cells (HREC) even at 10-fold higher concentrations. The extract did not have genotoxic properties in comet assay making it a potential source for the development of anticancer preparations. The investigated extract did not directly inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) strains at up to 1 mg/mL concentration. However, V. myrtillus extract enhanced the kanamycin intake and increased its efficiency against E. coli strain. The phytochemical characterization of the extract showed the presence of different groups of phenolics. CONCLUSIONS Based on obtained data, we suggest the aerial parts of the V. myrtillus plant as an alternative source of bioactive natural products for food supplements, nutraceuticals, functional foods and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikayel Ginovyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Biology Faculty, Yerevan State University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
- Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Anush Babayan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Biology Faculty, Yerevan State University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Anahit Shirvanyan
- Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Alvard Minasyan
- Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Meri Qocharyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Biology Faculty, Yerevan State University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Barbara Kusznierewicz
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Izabela Koss-Mikołajczyk
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Nikolay Avtandilyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Biology Faculty, Yerevan State University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Anne Vejux
- Team "Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism", University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Agnieszka Bartoszek
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Naira Sahakyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Biology Faculty, Yerevan State University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
- Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
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14
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Chellappan DK, Chellian J, Rahmah NSN, Gan WJ, Banerjee P, Sanyal S, Banerjee P, Ghosh N, Guith T, Das A, Gupta G, Singh SK, Dua K, Kunnath AP, Norhashim NA, Ong KH, Palaniveloo K. Hypoglycaemic Molecules for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus from Marine Sources. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:2187-2223. [PMID: 37521747 PMCID: PMC10386840 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s390741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder recognized as a major health problem globally. A defective insulin activity contributes to the prevalence and expansion of DM. Treatment of DM is often hampered by limited options of conventional therapies and adverse effects associated with existing procedures. This has led to a spike in the exploration for potential therapeutic agents from various natural resources for clinical applications. The marine environment is a huge store of unexplored diversity of chemicals produced by a multitude of organisms. To date, marine microorganisms, microalgae, macroalgae, corals, sponges, and fishes have been evaluated for their anti-diabetic properties. The structural diversity of bioactive metabolites discovered has shown promising hypoglycaemic potential through in vitro and in vivo screenings via various mechanisms of action, such as PTP1B, α-glucosidase, α-amylase, β-glucosidase, and aldose reductase inhibition as well as PPAR alpha/gamma dual agonists activities. On the other hand, hypoglycaemic effect is also shown to be exerted through the balance of antioxidants and free radicals. This review highlights marine-derived chemicals with hypoglycaemic effects and their respective mechanisms of action in the management of DM in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Jestin Chellian
- Department of Life Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | | | - Wee Jin Gan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Priyanka Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Medical Sciences, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Saptarshi Sanyal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Medical Sciences, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Nandini Ghosh
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tanner Guith
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Amitava Das
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017, India
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Anil Philip Kunnath
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Nur Azeyanti Norhashim
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Core Technology Facility, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Hung Ong
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kishneth Palaniveloo
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
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15
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Sorokovikova E, Tikhonova I, Evseev P, Krasnopeev A, Khanaev I, Potapov S, Gladkikh A, Nebesnykh I, Belykh O. Limnofasciculus baicalensis gen. et sp. nov. (Coleofasciculaceae, Coleofasciculales): A New Genus of Cyanobacteria Isolated from Sponge Fouling in Lake Baikal, Russia. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1779. [PMID: 37512951 PMCID: PMC10385159 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The proliferation of benthic cyanobacteria has been observed in Lake Baikal since 2011 and is a vivid manifestation of the ecological crisis occurring in the littoral zone. The cyanobacterium Symplocastrum sp. has formed massive fouling on all types of benthic substrates, including endemic Baikal sponges. The strain BBK-W-15 (=IPPAS B-2062T), which was isolated from sponge fouling in 2015, was used for further taxonomic determination. A polyphasic approach revealed that it is a cryptic taxon of cyanobacteria. Morphological evaluation of the strain indicated the presence of cylindrical filaments with isodiametric cells enclosed in individual sheaths and coleodesmoid false branching. Strain ultrastructure (fascicular thylakoids and type C cell division) is characteristic of the Microcoleaceae and Coleofasciculaceae families. An integrated analysis that included 16S rRNA gene phylogeny, conserved protein phylogeny and whole-genome comparisons indicated the unique position of BBK-W-15, thus supporting the proposed delineation of the new genus Limnofasciculus. Through characterisation by morphology, 16S, ITS and genomic analysis, a new cyanobacterium of the family Coleofasciculaceae Limnofasciculus baicalensis gen. et sp. nov. was described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Sorokovikova
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya Str., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Irina Tikhonova
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya Str., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Peter Evseev
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya Str., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., GSP-7, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Andrey Krasnopeev
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya Str., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Igor Khanaev
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya Str., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Sergey Potapov
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya Str., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Anna Gladkikh
- Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 14 Mira Str., Saint-Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Ivan Nebesnykh
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya Str., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Olga Belykh
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya Str., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
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García-García AL, Matos AR, Feijão E, Cruz de Carvalho R, Boto A, Marques da Silva J, Jiménez-Arias D. The use of chitosan oligosaccharide to improve artemisinin yield in well-watered and drought-stressed plants. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1200898. [PMID: 37332721 PMCID: PMC10272596 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1200898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Artemisinin is a secondary metabolite well-known for its use in the treatment of malaria. It also displays other antimicrobial activities which further increase its interest. At present, Artemisia annua is the sole commercial source of the substance, and its production is limited, leading to a global deficit in supply. Furthermore, the cultivation of A. annua is being threatened by climate change. Specifically, drought stress is a major concern for plant development and productivity, but, on the other hand, moderate stress levels can elicit the production of secondary metabolites, with a putative synergistic interaction with elicitors such as chitosan oligosaccharides (COS). Therefore, the development of strategies to increase yield has prompted much interest. With this aim, the effects on artemisinin production under drought stress and treatment with COS, as well as physiological changes in A. annua plants are presented in this study. Methods Plants were separated into two groups, well-watered (WW) and drought-stressed (DS) plants, and in each group, four concentrations of COS were applied (0, 50,100 and 200 mg•L-1). Afterwards, water stress was imposed by withholding irrigation for 9 days. Results Therefore, when A. annua was well watered, COS did not improve plant growth, and the upregulation of antioxidant enzymes hindered the production of artemisinin. On the other hand, during drought stress, COS treatment did not alleviate the decline in growth at any concentration tested. However, higher doses improved the water status since leaf water potential (YL) improved by 50.64% and relative water content (RWC) by 33.84% compared to DS plants without COS treatment. Moreover, the combination of COS and drought stress caused damage to the plant's antioxidant enzyme defence, particularly APX and GR, and reduced the amount of phenols and flavonoids. This resulted in increased ROS production and enhanced artemisinin content by 34.40% in DS plants treated with 200 mg•L-1 COS, compared to control plants. Conclusion These findings underscore the critical role of ROS in artemisinin biosynthesis and suggest that COS treatment may boost artemisinin yield in crop production, even under drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L. García-García
- Grupo Síntesis de Fármacos y Compuestos Bioactivos, Departamento de Química de Productos Naturales y Sintéticos Bioactivos, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Programa de Doctorado de Química e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Ana Rita Matos
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Plant Functional Genomics Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Feijão
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre and ARNET – Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associate Laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Cruz de Carvalho
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre and ARNET – Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associate Laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alicia Boto
- Grupo Síntesis de Fármacos y Compuestos Bioactivos, Departamento de Química de Productos Naturales y Sintéticos Bioactivos, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Jorge Marques da Silva
- BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Plant Functional Genomics Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - David Jiménez-Arias
- ISOPlexis—Center for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Technology, Madeira University, Funchal, Portugal
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Bibi F, Naseer MI, Azhar EI. Exploring bioactive compounds from a symbiotic bacterial strain of Spongiobacter sp. Bioinformation 2023; 19:369-374. [PMID: 37822833 PMCID: PMC10563573 DOI: 10.6026/97320630019369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine sponges are a host of different symbiotic groups of bacteria playing crucial roles in the protection and survival of marine sponges. Marine symbiotic bacteria from sponges are promising sources of bioactive chemicals and are increasingly being investigated. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to analyze total compounds from active symbiotic bacterial strain from sponge, Pione vastifical. Potential bacterial strain EA276 previously isolated from P. vastifical and was identified as Spongiobacter sp. Among 57 isolates, only 42% exhibited antagonistic activity. Four major classes of bacteria were reported previously where γ-Proteobacteria, was the dominant class. From these active antagonistic bacterial isolates, a potential bacterial strain Spongiobacter sp. EA276 was selected, and total metabolites were identified using GC and LC-MS analyses. Using LC-MS analysis bioactive compounds Dichlorphenamide, Amifloxacin and Carbenicillin are identified in both positive and negative mode. Plant growth hormones, Indole-3-acetic acid and Methyl jasmonate were identified using GC-MS analysis from culture extract of strain Spongiobacter sp. EA276. Our results highlighted the significance of marine flora inhabiting sponges from the Red Sea as potential source of bioactive compounds and plant growth hormones of biological and agricultural significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fehmida Bibi
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Imran Naseer
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam Ibraheem Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Elawady ME, Hamed AA, Alsallami WM, Gabr EZ, Abdel-Monem MO, Hassan MG. Bioactive Metabolite from Endophytic Aspergillus versicolor SB5 with Anti-Acetylcholinesterase, Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities: In Vitro and In Silico Studies. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11041062. [PMID: 37110485 PMCID: PMC10144994 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11041062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are a highly unpredictable group of microorganisms that can create a diverse range of secondary metabolites with biological activity. These metabolites enhance the host's ability to tolerate stress caused by various factors, such as disease, insects, pathogens, and herbivores. The secondary metabolites produced by endophytic fungi may have potential applications in agriculture, pharmacy, and medicine. The purpose of this study was to examine the anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of secondary metabolites extracted from endophytic fungi. Aspergillus versicolor SB5 was one of the many endophytic fungi isolated from Juncus rigidus and identified genetically with accession number ON872302. Our study utilized fermentation and microbial cultivation techniques to obtain secondary metabolites. During the course of our investigation, we isolated a compound called Physcion (C1) from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus versicolor SB5. We subsequently identified that C1 possesses inhibitory activity against COX-2 and LOX-1, with IC50 values of 43.10 and 17.54 µg/mL, respectively, making it an effective anti-inflammatory agent. Moreover, we found that C1 also exhibited potent anticholinesterase activity (86.9 ± 1.21%). In addition to these promising therapeutic properties, our experiments demonstrated that C1 possesses strong antioxidant capacity, as evidenced by its ability to scavenge DPPH, ABTS, O2 radicals, and NO and inhibit lipid peroxidation. To further investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying C1 pharmacological properties, we employed SwissADME web tools to predict the compound's ADME-related physicochemical properties and used Molecular Operating Environment and PyMOL for molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Elawady
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St. 33, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Hamed
- Microbial Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St. 33, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Wamedh M Alsallami
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt
| | - Ebtsam Z Gabr
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed O Abdel-Monem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt
| | - Mervat G Hassan
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt
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19
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Ko J, Ryu JE, Noh SW, Choi HK. Melatonin Treatment Enhances the Growth and Productivity of Useful Metabolites in the In Vitro Culture of Spirodela polyrhiza. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:1748-1757. [PMID: 36647270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Spirodela polyrhiza (Araceae family) is a duckweed species that serves as a potential resource for feed, food, bioremediation, and pharmaceutical applications. In this study, we assessed the effects of different concentrations of melatonin (0, 0.1, 1, and 10 μM) on the growth of S. polyrhiza during in vitro culture and the metabolic profiles and productivities of useful metabolites using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with multivariable statistical analysis. We found that exogenous melatonin significantly improved the total dry weight and altered the metabolic profiles of S. polyrhiza cultures. Melatonin significantly enhanced the cellular production of useful metabolites, such as γ-aminobutyric acid, dopamine, threonine, valine, and phytosterols. The volumetric productivities (mg/L) of γ-aminobutyric acid, dopamine, campesterol, β-sitosterol, and stigmasterol were the highest in the presence of 10 μM melatonin on day 12. Moreover, the productivities of ascorbic acid and serotonin were the highest in the presence of 1 μM melatonin on day 12. Therefore, melatonin could be used to enhance the production of biomass and useful metabolites during large-scale S. polyrhiza cultivation in cosmetic, food/feed, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- JuHee Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Wook Noh
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Kyoon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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Gao X, Bai Y, Sun P, Gao H, Yang L, Zhang D, Zhao Y, Ma Y. Combined chemical transformation and biological transformation of artemisinin: A facile approach to diverse artemisinin derivatives. Front Chem 2023; 10:1089290. [PMID: 36760520 PMCID: PMC9902651 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1089290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Artemisinin (1) is a milestone compound in malaria treatment, and it exhibits a broad scope of bioactivities. Herein, sequential chemo-reduction and biotransformation of artemisinin were undertaken to obtain a series of artemisinin derivatives. Methods: First, 10-deoxyartemisinin (2) and 9-ene-10-deoxyartemisinin (3) were synthesized after simple handling with boron trifluoride/diethyl ether and sodium borohydride. Then, biotransformation of 10-deoxyartemisinin was conducted with Cunninghamella echinulata CGMCC 3.4879 and Cunninghamella elegans CGMCC 3.4832, and the transformed products were separated and identified. The antimalarial activity of these products was tested in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7. Results: Fifteen metabolites (4-18), including seven novel compounds, were isolated and identified after cultivation. Compounds 2, 3, 13, 15, 16, and 18 displayed moderate-to-good antimalarial activity, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration ranging from 6 to 223 nM. Discussion: This work explored the combination of chemical and biological transformation to develop a co-environmental, efficient, and cost-efficiency synthetic methodology and applied it to synthesize novel derivatives of artemisinin. The association of the two strategies will hopefully provide an abundant source for the development of novel drugs with bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinna Gao
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Meteria Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,School of Graduate Students, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Bai
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Meteria Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Meteria Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Gao
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Meteria Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Meteria Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Meteria Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Meteria Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Meteria Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Yue Ma,
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Xiao Y, Yan F, Cui Y, Du J, Hu G, Zhai W, Liu R, Zhang Z, Fang J, Chen L, Yu X. A symbiotic bacterium of Antarctic fish reveals environmental adaptability mechanisms and biosynthetic potential towards antibacterial and cytotoxic activities. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1085063. [PMID: 36713225 PMCID: PMC9882997 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1085063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Antarctic microbes are important agents for evolutionary adaptation and natural resource of bioactive compounds, harboring the particular metabolic pathways to biosynthesize natural products. However, not much is known on symbiotic microbiomes of fish in the Antarctic zone. In the present study, the culture method and whole-genome sequencing were performed. Natural product analyses were carried out to determine the biosynthetic potential. We report the isolation and identification of a symbiotic bacterium Serratia myotis L7-1, that is highly adaptive and resides within Antarctic fish, Trematomus bernacchii. As revealed by genomic analyses, Antarctic strain S. myotis L7-1 possesses carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), stress response genes, antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs), and a complete type IV secretion system which could facilitate competition and colonization in the extreme Antarctic environment. The identification of microbiome gene clusters indicates the biosynthetic potential of bioactive compounds. Based on bioactivity-guided fractionation, serranticin was purified and identified as the bioactive compound, showing significant antibacterial and antitumor activity. The serranticin gene cluster was identified and located on the chrome. Furthermore, the multidrug resistance and strong bacterial antagonism contribute competitive advantages in ecological niches. Our results highlight the existence of a symbiotic bacterium in Antarctic fish largely represented by bioactive natural products and the adaptability to survive in the fish living in Antarctic oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangfang Yan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yukun Cui
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangtao Du
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangzhao Hu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanying Zhai
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rulong Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhizhen Zhang
- Ocean College, Zhoushan Campus, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Jiasong Fang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangbiao Chen
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Liangbiao Chen, ✉
| | - Xi Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China,Xi Yu, ✉
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Almustafa HI, Yehia RS. Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, and DNA Damage Protection Activities of Endophytic Fungus Pestalotiopsis neglecta Isolated from Ziziphus spina-christi Medicinal Plant. Microorganisms 2023; 11. [PMID: 36677409 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal endophytes are friendly microorganisms that colonize plants and are important in the interactions between plants and their environment. They generate valuable secondary metabolites that are valuable to both plants and humans. Endophytic fungi with bioactivities were isolated from the leaves of the medicinal plant Ziziphus spina-christi. An efficient isolate was selected and identified as Pestalotiopsis neglecta based on nucleotide sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS 1-5.8S-ITS 2) of the 18S rRNA gene (NCBI accession number OP529850); the 564 bp had 99 to 100% similarity with P. neglecta MH860161.1, AY682935.1, KP689121.1, and MG572407.1, according to the BLASTn analysis, following preliminary phytochemical and antifungal screening. The biological activities of this fungus' crude ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract were assessed. With an efficient radical scavenging activity against 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and an IC50 value of 36.6 µg mL-1, P. neglecta extract has shown its potential as an antioxidant. Moreover, it displayed notable cytotoxic effects against MCF-7 (breast carcinoma, IC50 = 22.4 µg mL-1), HeLa (cervical carcinoma, IC50 = 28.9 µg mL-1) and HepG-2 (liver carcinoma, IC50 = 28.9 µg mL-1). At 10 µg mL-1, EtOAc demonstrated significant DNA protection against hydroxyl radical-induced damage. Based on FT-IR and GC-MS spectral analysis, it was detected that the EtOAc of P. neglecta product contains multiple bioactive functional groups. Subsequently, this validated the features of major different potent compounds; tolycaine, 1H-pyrazol, 1,3,5-trimethyl-, eugenol, 2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethyl), and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Since these compounds are biologically relevant in various aspects, and distinct biological activities of fungal extract were acceptable in vitro, this suggests that endophytic fungus P. neglecta may be a viable source of bioactive natural products. This could be a good starting point for pharmaceutical applications.
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Anzano A, de Falco B, Ammar M, Ricciardelli A, Grauso L, Sabbah M, Capparelli R, Lanzotti V. Chemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaves and Seeds. Molecules 2022; 27. [PMID: 36558052 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera is a traditional food crop widespread in Asiatic, African, and South American continents. The plant, able to grow in harsh conditions, shows a high nutritional value and medicinal potential evidencing cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. The purpose of this study was the phytochemical analysis of M. oleifera and the identification of the antimicrobial compounds by combining a chemical approach with in vitro tests. The metabolite profile of M. oleifera polar and apolar extracts of leaves and seeds were investigated by using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The antimicrobial activity of all of the obtained extract was evaluated against four bacterial pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica). The chemical analysis provided a wide set of metabolites that were identified and quantified. Moreover, apolar extracts from seeds showed a significant concentration-dependent antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and S. epidermidis, (4 mg/mL reduced the viability up to 50%) that was associated to the content of specific fatty acids. Our results remarked the advantages of an integrated approach for the identification of plant metabolites and its use in association with biological tests to recognize the compounds responsible for bioactivity without compounds purification.
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Schmidt-Szantner B, Berki M, Lengyel-Kónya É, Milotay P, Molnár-Mondovics Á, Daood HG, Tömösközi-Farkas R. Investigation of Bioactive Components in New Resistant Hungarian Tomato Hybrids. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:3408. [PMID: 36501447 PMCID: PMC9740243 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to evaluate the influence of genetic impact on the content of some characteristic secondary metabolites in tomato fruits. The study was conducted to screen 14 different tomato genotypes for antioxidant capacity and quality attributes (polyphenols, tocopherols, carotenoids, vitamin C) to select the genetic lines with high biological value, multiple disease resistance, and high yield capacity for further usage in crop improvement programs. Significant differences were found among the different hybrids and cultivation seasons for the phytochemical content of the fruits. The varieties developed by breeding to increase their resistance were found to differ significantly. During a 3-year cultivation experiment, the level of lycopene in freshly harvested fruits ranged between 10.38 and 63.23 mg.kg-1 fwt for outdoor-cultivated Naik114 and Naik352, respectively. As for β-carotene, its content varied between 0.49 mg.kg-1 for Unorosso and 11.66 mg.kg-1 for Cherrola F1. The highest level of vitamin C (702.59 mg.kg-1) was recorded for Cherrola F1, while the lowest level (1.36.86 mg.kg-1) was determined in fruits of Unorosso. Neither polyphenol nor vitamin C showed positive correlation with antioxidant activity. In the three cultivation seasons, the highest concentration of polyphenols (579.19-804.12 mg.kg-1 fwt) was determined in fruits of outdoor-cultivated Cherolla F1 variety. The α- and γ-tocopherol content varied between 2.56 and 18.99 mg.kg-1, and 0.28 and 9.35 mg.kg-1, respectively, in fresh tomato fruit. Among the newly bred resistant varieties, the ZKI114 variety was proved to have outstanding features concerning the amounts of the bioactive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Schmidt-Szantner
- Vegetable Research Center, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 6000 Kecskemét, Hungary
| | - Mária Berki
- Food Science Research Group, Food Science and Technology Institute, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Lengyel-Kónya
- Food Science Research Group, Food Science and Technology Institute, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Milotay
- Vegetable Research Center, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 6000 Kecskemét, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Molnár-Mondovics
- Vegetable Research Center, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 6000 Kecskemét, Hungary
| | - Hussein G. Daood
- Szent Isván Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Rita Tömösközi-Farkas
- Food Science Research Group, Food Science and Technology Institute, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
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Kasim N, Afzan A, Mediani A, Low KH, Ali AM, Mat N, Wolfender JL, Ismail NH. Correlation of chemical profiles obtained from 1 H-NMR and LC-MS metabolomics with α-glucosidase inhibition activity for varietal selections of Ficus deltoidea. Phytochem Anal 2022; 33:1235-1245. [PMID: 36192845 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ficus deltoidea Jack (Moraceae) is a plant used in Malaysia to treat various ailments, including diabetes. The presence of several varieties raises essential questions regarding which is the potential bioactive variety and what are the bioactive metabolites. OBJECTIVES Here, we explored the phytochemical diversity of the seven varieties from Peninsular Malaysia using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses and correlated it with the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. METHODOLOGY The Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy (NOESY) One-Dimensional (1D)-NMR and LC-MS data were processed, annotated, and correlated with in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory using multivariate data analysis. RESULTS The α-glucosidase results demonstrated that different varieties have varying inhibitory effects, with the highest inhibition rate being F. deltoidea var. trengganuensis and var. kunstleri. Furthermore, diverse habitats and plant ages could also influence the inhibitory rate. The heat map from NMR and LC-MS profiles showed unique patterns according to varying levels of α-glucosidase inhibition rate. The Partial Least Squares (PLS) model constructed from both NMR and LC-MS further confirmed the correlation between the α-glucosidase inhibition rate of F. deltoidea varieties and its metabolite profiles. The Variable Influence on Projection (VIP) and correlation coefficient (p(corr)) values values were used to determine the highly relevant metabolites for explaining the anticipated inhibitory action. CONCLUSION NMR and LC-MS annotations allow the identification of flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins as the key bioactive factors. Our current results demonstrated the value of multivariate data analysis to predict the quality of herbal materials from both biological and chemical aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noraini Kasim
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Adlin Afzan
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Shah Alam, Malaysia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EPGL, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ahmed Mediani
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kah Hin Low
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Manaf Ali
- Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nashriyah Mat
- Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EPGL, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nor Hadiani Ismail
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Miras-Moreno B, Senizza B, Regni L, Tolisano C, Proietti P, Trevisan M, Lucini L, Rouphael Y, Del Buono D. Biochemical Insights into the Ability of Lemna minor L. Extract to Counteract Copper Toxicity in Maize. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:2613. [PMID: 36235490 PMCID: PMC9571813 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Metal trace elements (MTE) can damage crops if present in excessive amounts in the environment. This research investigated the effect of a plant extract of an aquatic species, Lemna minor L. (duckweed) (LE), on the ability of maize to cope with copper (Cu) toxicity. LE reversed the effects of Cu2+ on photosynthetic activity (Pn), evapotranspiration (E), stomatal conductance (gs), sub-stomatal CO2 concentration (Ci) and biomass which did not differ from the untreated controls. LE did not regulate the amount of copper in maize leaves, but compared to Cu-treated samples, the extract decreased the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; -26% on average) and malondialdehyde (MDA; -47% on average) content, regardless of the dosage applied. Furthermore, the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) was significantly increased by LE compared to samples treated with Cu alone. Untargeted metabolomic profiling revealed that LE activated maize secondary metabolism, eliciting the content of non-enzymatic antioxidants (flavonoids, glutathione and glutathione-related compounds, tocopherols and tocotrienols) and modulating plant stress-related hormones (brassinosteroids and ABA derivatives). The results of this study are promising and pave the way for using duckweed as a biostimulant to trigger beneficial effects in maize and increase its resistance to MTEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Miras-Moreno
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Biancamaria Senizza
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Luca Regni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ciro Tolisano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Primo Proietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Trevisan
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Buono
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
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Sarin HV, Hulmi JJ, Qin Y, Inouye M, Ritchie SC, Cheng S, Watrous JD, Nguyen TC, Lee JH, Jin Z, Terwilliger JD, Niiranen T, Havulinna A, Salomaa V, Pietiläinen KH, Isola V, Ahtiainen JP, Häkkinen K, Jain M, Perola M. Substantial Fat Loss in Physique Competitors Is Characterized by Increased Levels of Bile Acids, Very-Long Chain Fatty Acids, and Oxylipins. Metabolites 2022; 12. [PMID: 36295830 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight loss and increased physical activity may promote beneficial modulation of the metabolome, but limited evidence exists about how very low-level weight loss affects the metabolome in previously non-obese active individuals. Following a weight loss period (21.1 ± 3.1 weeks) leading to substantial fat mass loss of 52% (−7.9 ± 1.5 kg) and low body fat (12.7 ± 4.1%), the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolic signature of 24 previously young, healthy, and normal weight female physique athletes was investigated. We observed uniform increases (FDR < 0.05) in bile acids, very-long-chain free fatty acids (FFA), and oxylipins, together with reductions in unsaturated FFAs after weight loss. These widespread changes, especially in the bile acid profile, were most strongly explained (FDR < 0.05) by changes in android (visceral) fat mass. The reported changes did not persist, as all of them were reversed after the subsequent voluntary weight regain period (18.4 ± 2.9 weeks) and were unchanged in non-dieting controls (n = 16). Overall, we suggest that the reported changes in FFA, bile acid, and oxylipin profiles reflect metabolic adaptation to very low levels of fat mass after prolonged periods of intense exercise and low-energy availability. However, the effects of the aforementioned metabolome subclass alteration on metabolic homeostasis remain controversial, and more studies are warranted to unravel the complex physiology and potentially associated health implications. In the end, our study reinforced the view that transient weight loss seems to have little to no long-lasting molecular and physiological effects.
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Ilango S, Sahoo DK, Paital B, Kathirvel K, Gabriel JI, Subramaniam K, Jayachandran P, Dash RK, Hati AK, Behera TR, Mishra P, Nirmaladevi R. A Review on Annona muricata and Its Anticancer Activity. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4539. [PMID: 36139697 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is becoming more prevalent, raising concerns regarding how well current treatments work. Cancer patients frequently seek alternative treatments to surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. The use of medicinal plants in both preventative and curative healthcare is widely acknowledged. The compounds of graviola have shown promise as possible cancer-fighting agents and could be used to treat cancer. This review discusses bioactive metabolites present in graviola and their role in affecting the growth and death of different cancer cell types and the molecular mechanism of how it works to downregulate anti-apoptotic genes and the genes involved in pro-cancer metabolic pathways. Also, it reviews how simultaneously increasing the expression of genes promotes apoptosis and causes cancer cells to die so that the active phytochemicals found in graviola could be used as a promising anti-cancer agent. Abstract The ongoing rise in the number of cancer cases raises concerns regarding the efficacy of the various treatment methods that are currently available. Consequently, patients are looking for alternatives to traditional cancer treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy as a replacement. Medicinal plants are universally acknowledged as the cornerstone of preventative medicine and therapeutic practices. Annona muricata is a member of the family Annonaceae and is familiar for its medicinal properties. A. muricata has been identified to have promising compounds that could potentially be utilized for the treatment of cancer. The most prevalent phytochemical components identified and isolated from this plant are alkaloids, phenols, and acetogenins. This review focuses on the role of A. muricata extract against various types of cancer, modulation of cellular proliferation and necrosis, and bioactive metabolites responsible for various pharmacological activities along with their ethnomedicinal uses. Additionally, this review highlights the molecular mechanism of the role of A. muricata extract in downregulating anti-apoptotic and several genes involved in the pro-cancer metabolic pathways and decreasing the expression of proteins involved in cell invasion and metastasis while upregulating proapoptotic genes and genes involved in the destruction of cancer cells. Therefore, the active phytochemicals identified in A. muricata have the potential to be employed as a promising anti-cancer agent.
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Fasinu PS, Okoye FBC, Abiodun OO, Kamdem RST, Ogbole OO. Editorial: Fungal Bioactive Metabolites of Pharmacological Relevance. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:912068. [PMID: 35754512 PMCID: PMC9213805 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.912068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pius S Fasinu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Festus B C Okoye
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Oyindamola O Abiodun
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ramsay S T Kamdem
- Institut für Organische and Analytische Chemie, Universität Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Omonike O Ogbole
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Abstract
Plant expression platforms are low-cost, scalable, safe, and environmentally friendly systems for the production of recombinant proteins and bioactive metabolites. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) endosperm is an ideal bioreactor for the production and storage of high-value active substances, including pharmaceutical proteins, oral vaccines, vitamins, and nutraceuticals such as flavonoids and carotenoids. Here, we explore the use of molecular farming from producing medicines to developing functional food crops (biofortification). We review recent progress in producing pharmaceutical proteins and bioactive substances in rice endosperm and compare this platform with other plant expression systems. We describe how rice endosperm could be modified to design metabolic pathways and express and store stable products and discuss the factors restricting the commercialization of transgenic rice products and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinlong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jiantao Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yao-Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Kjeldgaard B, Neves AR, Fonseca C, Kovács ÁT, Domínguez-Cuevas P. Quantitative High-Throughput Screening Methods Designed for Identification of Bacterial Biocontrol Strains with Antifungal Properties. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0143321. [PMID: 35254137 PMCID: PMC9045326 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01433-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Large screens of bacterial strain collections to identify potential biocontrol agents often are time-consuming and costly and fail to provide quantitative results. In this study, we present two quantitative and high-throughput methods to assess the inhibitory capacity of bacterial biocontrol candidates against fungal phytopathogens. One method measures the inhibitory effect of bacterial culture supernatant components on the fungal growth, while the other accounts for direct interaction between growing bacteria and the fungus by cocultivating the two organisms. The antagonistic supernatant method quantifies the culture components' antifungal activity by calculating the cumulative impact of supernatant addition relative to the growth of a nontreated fungal control, while the antagonistic cocultivation method identifies the minimal bacterial cell concentration required to inhibit fungal growth by coinoculating fungal spores with bacterial culture dilution series. Thereby, both methods provide quantitative measures of biocontrol efficiency and allow prominent fungal inhibitors to be distinguished from less effective strains. The combination of the two methods sheds light on the types of inhibition mechanisms and provides the basis for further mode-of-action studies. We demonstrate the efficacy of the methods using Bacillus spp. with different levels of antifungal activities as model antagonists and quantify their inhibitory potencies against classic plant pathogens. IMPORTANCE Fungal phytopathogens are responsible for tremendous agricultural losses on an annual basis. While microbial biocontrol agents represent a promising solution to the problem, there is a growing need for high-throughput methods to evaluate and quantify inhibitory properties of new potential biocontrol agents for agricultural application. In this study, we present two high-throughput and quantitative fungal inhibition methods that are suitable for commercial biocontrol screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodil Kjeldgaard
- Discovery, R&D, Chr. Hansen A/S, Hoersholm, Denmark
- Bacterial Interactions and Evolution Group, DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | - Ákos T. Kovács
- Bacterial Interactions and Evolution Group, DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Ji S, Yang W, Chen B, Lin X, Song W, Locatelli M. Editorial: Therapeutic Effects of Herbal Medicines: How Can We Best Investigate Bioactive Metabolites? Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:878789. [PMID: 35422701 PMCID: PMC9001965 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.878789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xionghao Lin
- College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Wei Song
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital (CAMS), Beijing, China
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Jewell DE, Jackson MI, Cochrane CY, Badri DV. Feeding Fiber-Bound Polyphenol Ingredients at Different Levels Modulates Colonic Postbiotics to Improve Gut Health in Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:627. [PMID: 35268196 DOI: 10.3390/ani12050627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Microbes present in the large intestine of humans and companion animals produce bioactive metabolites from host-ingested food. These bioactive metabolites can influence host health. A prior study in dogs that were healthy or had chronic enteritis/gastroenteritis showed that stool quality improved when they ate food containing a fiber bundle made from fibers of pecan shells, flax seed, cranberry, citrus, and beet. In addition, eating food containing the fiber bundle resulted in the gut bacteria shifting from digesting mainly protein to digesting mainly carbohydrates. The present study tested the impact of the fiber bundle at a lower range of concentrations in dogs. Fecal levels of several bioactive metabolites with beneficial antioxidant or anti-inflammatory properties increased after dogs consumed food with the fiber bundle, though no changes in the bacteria or their functional pathways were observed. Stool quality remained in the acceptable range. These results suggest that the gut bacteria were able to digest the fiber bundle to produce beneficial bioactive metabolites to improve host health. Abstract This study assessed changes in canine fecal metabolites and microbiota with the consumption of foods with increasing concentrations of a fiber bundle including pecan shells, flax seed, and powders of cranberry, citrus, and beet that was previously shown (at 14% w/w) to improve stool quality, shift fecal bacterial metabolism from proteolysis to saccharolysis, increase abundance of saccharolytic bacteria, and decrease abundance of proteolytic bacteria. In this study, 48 healthy adult dogs were split evenly to consume different inclusion levels (0%, 1%, 2%, and 4%) of the fiber bundle for a 31-day period following a 28-day pre-feed period. Increases from baseline in the fecal short-chain fatty acids butyric acid, valeric acid, and hexanoic acid were observed only in the dogs that consumed the food with the 4% fiber bundle. With addition of any level of the fiber bundle, increases were seen in the polyphenols hesperidin, hesperetin, ponciretin, secoisolariciresinol diglucoside, secoisolariciresinol, and enterodiol. However, fecal microbiota and their metabolism, and stool scores were largely unaffected by the fiber bundle. Overall, addition of the fiber bundle appeared to increase bioactive metabolites of increased antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potency for beneficial to health and, at levels ≥4%, shifted gut bacterial metabolism toward saccharolysis.
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Ossai J, Khatabi B, Nybo SE, Kharel MK. Renewed interests in the discovery of bioactive actinomycete metabolites driven by emerging technologies. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:59-77. [PMID: 34265147 PMCID: PMC8714619 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Actinomycetes are prolific sources of bioactive molecules. Traditional workflows including bacterial isolation, fermentation, metabolite identification and structure elucidation have resulted in high rates of natural product rediscovery in recent years. Recent advancements in multi-omics techniques have uncovered cryptic gene clusters within the genomes of actinomycetes, potentially introducing vast resources for the investigation of bioactive molecules. While developments in culture techniques have allowed for the fermentation of difficult-to-culture actinomycetes, high-throughput metabolite screening has offered plenary tools to accelerate hits discovery. A variety of new bioactive molecules have been isolated from actinomycetes of unique environmental origins, such as endophytic and symbiotic actinomycetes. Synthetic biology and genome mining have also emerged as new frontiers for the discovery of bioactive molecules. This review covers the highlights of recent developments in actinomycete-derived natural product drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer Ossai
- University of Maryland Eastern Shore, School of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, One Backbone Road, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA
| | - Behnam Khatabi
- University of Maryland Eastern Shore, School of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, One Backbone Road, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA
| | - S. Eric Nybo
- Ferris State University, College of Pharmacy, Big Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Madan K. Kharel
- University of Maryland Eastern Shore, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, One Backbone Road, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA,Corresponding author:
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Marra R, Lombardi N, Piccolo A, Bazghaleh N, Prashar P, Vandenberg A, Woo S. Mineral Biofortification and Growth Stimulation of Lentil Plants Inoculated with Trichoderma Strains and Metabolites. Microorganisms 2021; 10:87. [PMID: 35056535 PMCID: PMC8779936 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofortification of crops via agricultural interventions represents an excellent way to supply micronutrients in poor rural populations, who highly suffer from these deficiencies. Soil microbes can directly influence plant growth and productivity, e.g., by contrasting plant pathogens or facilitating micronutrient assimilation in harvested crop-food products. Among these microbial communities, Trichoderma fungi are well-known examples of plant symbionts widely used in agriculture as biofertilizers or biocontrol agents. In this work, eleven Trichoderma strains and/or their bioactive metabolites (BAMs) were applied to lentil plants to evaluate their effects on plant growth and mineral content in greenhouse or field experiments. Our results indicated that, depending upon the different combinations of fungal strain and/or BAM, the mode of treatment (seed and/or watering), as well as the supplementary watering with solutions of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), the mineral absorption was differentially affected in treated plants compared with the water controls. In greenhouse conditions, the largest increase in Fe and Zn contents occurred when the compounds were applied to the seeds and the strains (in particular, T. afroharzianum T22, T. harzianum TH1, and T. virens GV41) to the soil. In field experiments, Fe and Zn contents increased in plants treated with T. asperellum strain KV906 or the hydrophobin HYTLO1 compared with controls. Both selected fungal strains and BAMs applications improved seed germination and crop yield. This biotechnology may represent an important challenge for natural biofortification of crops, thus reducing the risk of nutrient deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Marra
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (N.L.); (A.P.)
- Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Nadia Lombardi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (N.L.); (A.P.)
- Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Piccolo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (N.L.); (A.P.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) for the Environment, Agro-Food and New Materials (CERMANU), University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Navid Bazghaleh
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A8, Canada; (N.B.); (P.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Pratibha Prashar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A8, Canada; (N.B.); (P.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Albert Vandenberg
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A8, Canada; (N.B.); (P.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Sheridan Woo
- Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy;
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, 80055 Portici, Italy
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Cichońska P, Ziarno M. Legumes and Legume-Based Beverages Fermented with Lactic Acid Bacteria as a Potential Carrier of Probiotics and Prebiotics. Microorganisms 2021; 10:91. [PMID: 35056540 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermentation is widely used in the processing of dairy, meat, and plant products. Due to the growing popularity of plant diets and the health benefits of consuming fermented products, there has been growing interest in the fermentation of plant products and the selection of microorganisms suitable for this process. The review provides a brief overview of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their use in fermentation of legumes and legume-based beverages. Its scope also extends to prebiotic ingredients present in legumes and legume-based beverages that can support the growth of LAB. Legumes are a suitable matrix for the production of plant-based beverages, which are the most popular products among dairy alternatives. Legumes and legume-based beverages have been successfully fermented with LAB. Legumes are a natural source of ingredients with prebiotic properties, including oligosaccharides, resistant starch, polyphenols, and isoflavones. These compounds provide a broad range of important physiological benefits, including anti-inflammatory and immune regulation, as well as anti-cancer properties and metabolic regulation. The properties of legumes make it possible to use them to create synbiotic food, which is a source of probiotics and prebiotics.
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Nagarajan K, Ibrahim B, Ahmad Bawadikji A, Lim JW, Tong WY, Leong CR, Khaw KY, Tan WN. Recent Developments in Metabolomics Studies of Endophytic Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 8:28. [PMID: 35049968 PMCID: PMC8781825 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are microorganisms that colonize living plants' tissues without causing any harm. They are known as a natural source of bioactive metabolites with diverse pharmacological functions. Many structurally different chemical metabolites were isolated from endophytic fungi. Recently, the increasing trends in human health problems and diseases have escalated the search for bioactive metabolites from endophytic fungi. The conventional bioassay-guided study is known as laborious due to chemical complexity. Thus, metabolomics studies have attracted extensive research interest owing to their potential in dealing with a vast number of metabolites. Metabolomics coupled with advanced analytical tools provides a comprehensive insight into systems biology. Despite its wide scientific attention, endophytic fungi metabolomics are relatively unexploited. This review highlights the recent developments in metabolomics studies of endophytic fungi in obtaining the global metabolites picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashvintha Nagarajan
- Chemistry Section, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Baharudin Ibrahim
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (B.I.); (A.A.B.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | | | - Jun-Wei Lim
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia;
| | - Woei-Yenn Tong
- Drug Discovery and Delivery Research Laboratory, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Alor Gajah, Melaka 78000, Malaysia; (W.-Y.T.); (C.-R.L.)
| | - Chean-Ring Leong
- Drug Discovery and Delivery Research Laboratory, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Alor Gajah, Melaka 78000, Malaysia; (W.-Y.T.); (C.-R.L.)
| | - Kooi Yeong Khaw
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Wen-Nee Tan
- Chemistry Section, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
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Ishara J, Buzera A, Mushagalusa GN, Hammam ARA, Munga J, Karanja P, Kinyuru J. Nutraceutical potential of mushroom bioactive metabolites and their food functionality. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e14025. [PMID: 34888869 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Numerous mushroom bioactive metabolites, including polysaccharides, eritadenine, lignin, chitosan, mevinolin, and astrakurkurone have been studied in life-threatening conditions and diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular, hypertension, cancer, DNA damage, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity attempting to identify natural therapies. These bioactive metabolites have shown potential as antiviral and immune system strengthener natural agents through diverse cellular and physiological pathways modulation with no toxicity evidence, widely available, and inexpensive. In light of the emerging literature, this paper compiles the most recent information describing the molecular mechanisms that underlie the nutraceutical potentials of these mushroom metabolites suggesting their effectiveness if combined with existing drug therapies while discussing the food functionality of mushrooms. The findings raise hope that these mushroom bioactive metabolites may be utilized as natural therapies considering their therapeutic potential while anticipating further research designing clinical trials and developing new drug therapies while encouraging their consumption as a natural adjuvant in preventing and controlling life-threatening conditions and diseases. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Diabetes, cardiovascular, hypertension, cancer, DNA damage, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity are among the world's largest life-threatening conditions and diseases. Several mushroom bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides, eritadenine, lignin, chitosan, mevinolin, and astrakurkurone have been found potential in tackling these diseases through diverse cellular and physiological pathways modulation with no toxicity evidence, suggesting their use as nutraceutical foods in preventing and controlling these life-threatening conditions and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Ishara
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Université Evangélique en Afrique, Bukavu, D.R. Congo.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ariel Buzera
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Université Evangélique en Afrique, Bukavu, D.R. Congo.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gustave N Mushagalusa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Université Evangélique en Afrique, Bukavu, D.R. Congo
| | - Ahmed R A Hammam
- Dairy and Food Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - Judith Munga
- Department Food Nutrition and Dietetics, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Paul Karanja
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John Kinyuru
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
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Ziarno M, Cichońska P. Lactic Acid Bacteria-Fermentable Cereal- and Pseudocereal-Based Beverages. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2532. [PMID: 34946135 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant beverages are becoming more popular, and fermented cereal- or pseudocereal-based beverages are increasingly used as alternatives for fermented products made from cow milk. This review aimed to describe the basic components of cereal- or pseudocereal-based beverages and determine the feasibility of fermenting them with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to obtain products with live and active LAB cells and increased dietary value. The technology used for obtaining cereal- or pseudocereal-based milk substitutes primarily involves the extraction of selected plant material, and the obtained beverages differ in their chemical composition and nutritional value (content of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, glycemic index, etc.) due to the chemical diversity of the cereal and pseudocereal raw materials and the operations used for their production. Beverages made from cereals or pseudocereals are an excellent matrix for the growth of LAB, and the lactic acid fermentation not only produces desirable changes in the flavor of fermented beverages and the biological availability of nutrients but also contributes to the formation of functional compounds (e.g., B vitamins).
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Loh LX, Ng DHJ, Toh M, Lu Y, Liu SQ. Targeted and Nontargeted Metabolomics of Amino Acids and Bioactive Metabolites in Probiotic-Fermented Unhopped Beers Using Liquid Chromatography High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:14024-14036. [PMID: 34734707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Beer is one of the most popular beverages in the world. The increased popularity of craft beers has led to the development of unique beers that are alcohol-free, gluten-free, low calorie, or with functional properties through fermentation with probiotic microorganisms. In this study, functional unhopped beers were evaluated by utilizing probiotics (Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lpc-37 and ibSium Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856) as starter cultures. The metabolites produced by probiotics were investigated using a nontargeted metabolomics approach and identified against metabolomics databases (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Human Metabolome Database (HMDB), Yeast Metabolome Database (YMDB), METLIN tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)). Derivatives of branched-chain (leucine) and aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine) were enriched (one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) p < 0.05) in probiotic-fermented unhopped beers, especially tryptophan metabolites. In addition, the synergistic effects of yeast-lactic acid bacteria (LAB) interactions led to further enrichment of higher acids such as (S)-(-)-2-hydroxyisocaproic acid, phenyllactic acid, hydroxyphenyllactic acid, and indolelactic acid. The potential pathways for the formation of novel bioactive tryptophan metabolites (indole and indoleacrylic acid) by LAB were elucidated. Altogether, probiotic LAB-fermented unhopped beer showed the highest antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content. This work provides the basis for the discovery of bioactive metabolites in probiotic-fermented foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xuan Loh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Daniel H J Ng
- International Food and Water Research Centre, Waters Corporation, 1 Science Park Road #01-10, The Capricorn, Singapore Science Park II, Singapore 117528, Singapore
| | - Mingzhan Toh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Yuyun Lu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Shao Quan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
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Sułkowska-Ziaja K, Balik M, Muszyńska B. Selected Species of the Genus Phellinus - Chemical Composition, Biological Activity, and Medicinal Applications. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100609. [PMID: 34705323 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the current knowledge on chemical composition, biological activity, and possible medicinal applications of Phellinus igniarius, Phellinus pini, Phellinus pomaceus, and Phellinus robustus. These inedible arboreal species are phytopathogens that cause the enzymatic decomposition of wood. These species belong to the medicinal mushrooms and have been known for centuries in the traditional medicine of the Far East. They have been used as an effective remedy for stomach and intestinal ailments, diarrhea, and hemorrhages. Mycochemical studies have proved the presence of polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, and terpenoids. These compounds show biological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant, antiangiogenic, and antiviral. Research studies conducted using modern analytical methods have advanced the knowledge on the potential therapeutic use of compounds isolated not only from the fruiting bodies but also from biomass obtained with in vitro biotechnological methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Sułkowska-Ziaja
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Balik
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, SSG of Medicinal Plant and Mushroom Biotechnology, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bożena Muszyńska
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
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Nandagopal P, Steven AN, Chan LW, Rahmat Z, Jamaluddin H, Mohd Noh NI. Bioactive Metabolites Produced by Cyanobacteria for Growth Adaptation and Their Pharmacological Properties. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:1061. [PMID: 34681158 PMCID: PMC8533319 DOI: 10.3390/biology10101061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are the most abundant oxygenic photosynthetic organisms inhabiting various ecosystems on earth. As with all other photosynthetic organisms, cyanobacteria release oxygen as a byproduct during photosynthesis. In fact, some cyanobacterial species are involved in the global nitrogen cycles by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. Environmental factors influence the dynamic, physiological characteristics, and metabolic profiles of cyanobacteria, which results in their great adaptation ability to survive in diverse ecosystems. The evolution of these primitive bacteria resulted from the unique settings of photosynthetic machineries and the production of bioactive compounds. Specifically, bioactive compounds play roles as regulators to provide protection against extrinsic factors and act as intracellular signaling molecules to promote colonization. In addition to the roles of bioactive metabolites as indole alkaloids, terpenoids, mycosporine-like amino acids, non-ribosomal peptides, polyketides, ribosomal peptides, phenolic acid, flavonoids, vitamins, and antimetabolites for cyanobacterial survival in numerous habitats, which is the focus of this review, the bioactivities of these compounds for the treatment of various diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavitra Nandagopal
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia; (P.N.); (L.-W.C.); (Z.R.); (H.J.)
| | - Anthony Nyangson Steven
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia;
| | - Liong-Wai Chan
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia; (P.N.); (L.-W.C.); (Z.R.); (H.J.)
| | - Zaidah Rahmat
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia; (P.N.); (L.-W.C.); (Z.R.); (H.J.)
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia
| | - Haryati Jamaluddin
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia; (P.N.); (L.-W.C.); (Z.R.); (H.J.)
| | - Nur Izzati Mohd Noh
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia; (P.N.); (L.-W.C.); (Z.R.); (H.J.)
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Marra M, Camoni L, Visconti S, Fiorillo A, Evidente A. The Surprising Story of Fusicoccin: A Wilt-Inducing Phytotoxin, a Tool in Plant Physiology and a 14-3-3-Targeted Drug. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1393. [PMID: 34572605 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusicoccin is the α glucoside of a carbotricyclic diterpene, produced by the fungus Phomopsis amygdali (previously classified as Fusicoccum amygdali), the causal agent of almond and peach canker disease. A great interest in this molecule started when it was discovered that it brought about an irreversible stomata opening of higher plants, thereby inducing the wilting of their leaves. Since then, several studies were carried out to elucidate its biological activity, biosynthesis, structure, structure-activity relationships and mode of action. After sixty years of research and more than 1800 published articles, FC is still the most studied phytotoxin and one of the few whose mechanism of action has been elucidated in detail. The ability of FC to stimulate several fundamental plant processes depends on its ability to activate the plasma membrane H+-ATPase, induced by eliciting the association of 14-3-3 proteins, a class of regulatory molecules widespread in eukaryotes. This discovery renewed interest in FC and prompted more recent studies aimed to ascertain the ability of the toxin to influence the interaction between 14-3-3 proteins and their numerous client proteins in animals, involved in the regulation of basic cellular processes and in the etiology of different diseases, including cancer. This review covers the different aspects of FC research partially treated in different previous reviews, starting from its discovery in 1964, with the aim to outline the extraordinary pathway which led this very uncommon diterpenoid to evolve from a phytotoxin into a tool in plant physiology and eventually into a 14-3-3-targeted drug.
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder, the incidence of which is climbing with ever-growing aged population, but no cure is hitherto available. The epidemiological studies unveiled that chronic intake of flavonoids was negatively associated with AD risk. Flavonoids, a family of natural polyphenols widely distributed in human daily diets, were readily conjugated by phase II drug metabolizing enzymes after absorption in vivo, and glucuronidation could occur in 1 min following intravenous administration. Recently, as many as 191 metabolites were obtained after intragastric administration of a single flavonoid, indicating that other bioactive metabolites, besides conjugates, might be formed and account for the contradiction between efficacy of flavonoids in human or animal models and low systematic exposure of flavonoid glycosides or aglycones. In this review, metabolism of complete 68 flavonoid monomers potential for AD treatment, grouped in flavonoid O-glycosides, flavonoid aglycones, flavonoid C-glycosides, flavonoid dimers, flavonolignans and prenylated flavonoids according to their common structural elements, respectively, has been systematically retrospected, summarized and discussed, including their unequivocally identified metabolites, metabolic interconversions, metabolic locations, metabolic sites (regio- or stereo-selectivity), primarily involved metabolic enzymes or intestinal bacteria, and interspecies correlations or differences in metabolism, and their bioactive metabolites and the underlying mechanism to reverse AD pathology were also reviewed, providing whole perspective about advances on extensive metabolism of diverse potent flavonoids in vivo and in vitro up to date and aiming at elucidation of mechanism of actions of flavonoids on AD or other central nervous system (CNS) disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Xia
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Sobolev AP, Di Lorenzo A, Circi S, Santarcangelo C, Ingallina C, Daglia M, Mannina L. NMR, RP-HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS n, and RP-HPLC-FD Characterization of Green and Oolong Teas ( Camellia sinensis L.). Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175125. [PMID: 34500554 PMCID: PMC8434197 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Untargeted (NMR) and targeted (RP-HPLC-PDA-ESI-MSn, RP-HPLC-FD) analytical methodologies were used to determine the bioactive components of 19 tea samples, characterized by different production processes (common tea and GABA tea), degrees of fermentation (green and oolong teas), and harvesting season (autumn and spring). The combination of NMR data and a multivariate statistical approach led to a statistical model able to discriminate between GABA and non-GABA teas and green and oolong teas. Targeted analyses showed that green and GABA green teas had similar polyphenol and caffeine contents, but the GABA level was higher in GABA green teas than in regular green tea samples. GABA oolong teas showed lower contents of polyphenols, caffeine, and amino acids, and a higher content of GABA, in comparison with non-GABA oolong teas. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the healthy properties of teas, especially GABA teas, have to be evaluated via comprehensive metabolic profiling rather than only the GABA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly P. Sobolev
- Institute for Biological Systems, Magnetic Resonance Laboratory “Segre-Capitani”, CNR, Via Salaria Km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy;
| | - Arianna Di Lorenzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Simone Circi
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (L.M.)
| | | | - Cinzia Ingallina
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: (C.I.); (M.D.)
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy;
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence: (C.I.); (M.D.)
| | - Luisa Mannina
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (L.M.)
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Sharma A, Noda M, Sugiyama M, Ahmad A, Kaur B. Production of Functional Buttermilk and Soymilk Using Pediococcus acidilactici BD16 ( alaD+). Molecules 2021; 26:4671. [PMID: 34361824 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional foods or drinks prepared using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have recently gained considerable attention because they can offer additional nutritional and health benefits. The present study aimed to develop functional drinks by the fermentation of buttermilk and soymilk preparations using the Pediococcus acidilactici BD16 (alaD+) strain expressing the L-alanine dehydrogenase enzyme. LAB fermentation was carried out for 24 h and its impact on the physicochemical and quality attributes of the fermented drinks was evaluated. Levels of total antioxidants, phenolics, flavonoids, and especially L-alanine enhanced significantly after LAB fermentation. Further, GC-MS-based metabolomic fingerprinting was performed to identify the presence of bioactive metabolites such as 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1-dodecene, 2-aminononadecane, 3-octadecene, 4-octen-3-one, acetic acid, azanonane, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, chloroacetic acid, colchicine, heptadecanenitrile, hexadecanal, quercetin, and triacontane, which could be accountable for the improvement of organoleptic attributes and health benefits of the drinks. Meanwhile, the levels of certain undesirable metabolites such as 1-pentadecene, 2-bromopropionic acid, 8-heptadecene, formic acid, and propionic acid, which impart bitterness, rancidity, and unpleasant odor to the fermented drinks, were reduced considerably after LAB fermentation. This study is probably the first of its kind that highlights the application of P. acidilactici BD16 (alaD+) as a starter culture candidate for the production of functional buttermilk and soymilk.
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Sankaranarayanan R, Sekhon PK, Ambat A, Nelson J, Jose D, Bhat GJ, Scaria J. Screening of Human Gut Bacterial Culture Collection Identifies Species That Biotransform Quercetin into Metabolites with Anticancer Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7045. [PMID: 34208885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that flavonoid metabolites inhibit cancer cell proliferation through both CDK-dependent and -independent mechanisms. The existing evidence suggests that gut microbiota is capable of flavonoid biotransformation to generate bioactive metabolites including 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid (2,4,6-THBA), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-DHBA), 3,4,5-trihyroxybenzoic acid (3,4,5-THBA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC). In this study, we screened 94 human gut bacterial species for their ability to biotransform flavonoid quercetin into different metabolites. We demonstrated that five of these species were able to degrade quercetin including Bacillus glycinifermentans, Flavonifractor plautii, Bacteroides eggerthii, Olsenella scatoligenes and Eubacterium eligens. Additional studies showed that B. glycinifermentans could generate 2,4,6-THBA and 3,4-DHBA from quercetin while F. plautii generates DOPAC. In addition to the differences in the metabolites produced, we also observed that the kinetics of quercetin degradation was different between B. glycinifermentans and F. plautii, suggesting that the pathways of degradation are likely different between these strains. Similar to the antiproliferative effects of 2,4,6-THBA and 3,4-DHBA demonstrated previously, DOPAC also inhibited colony formation ex vivo in the HCT-116 colon cancer cell line. Consistent with this, the bacterial culture supernatant of F. plautii also inhibited colony formation in this cell line. Thus, as F. plautii and B. glycinifermentans generate metabolites possessing antiproliferative activity, we suggest that these strains have the potential to be developed into probiotics to improve human gut health.
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Zastepa A, Miller TR, Watson LC, Kling H, Watson SB. Toxins and Other Bioactive Metabolites in Deep Chlorophyll Layers Containing the Cyanobacteria Planktothrix cf. isothrix in Two Georgian Bay Embayments, Lake Huron. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:445. [PMID: 34199141 PMCID: PMC8309927 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13070445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The understanding of deep chlorophyll layers (DCLs) in the Great Lakes-largely reported as a mix of picoplankton and mixotrophic nanoflagellates-is predominantly based on studies of deep (>30 m), offshore locations. Here, we document and characterize nearshore DCLs from two meso-oligotrophic embayments, Twelve Mile Bay (TMB) and South Bay (SB), along eastern Georgian Bay, Lake Huron (Ontario, Canada) in 2014, 2015, and 2018. Both embayments showed the annual formation of DCLs, present as dense, thin, metalimnetic plates dominated by the large, potentially toxic, and bloom-forming cyanobacteria Planktothrix cf. isothrix. The contribution of P. cf. isothrix to the deep-living total biomass (TB) increased as thermal stratification progressed over the ice-free season, reaching 40% in TMB (0.6 mg/L at 9.5 m) and 65% in South Bay (3.5 mg/L at 7.5 m) in 2015. The euphotic zone in each embayment extended down past the mixed layer, into the nutrient-enriched hypoxic hypolimnia, consistent with other studies of similar systems with DCLs. The co-occurrence of the metal-oxidizing bacteria Leptothrix spp. and bactivorous flagellates within the metalimnetic DCLs suggests that the microbial loop plays an important role in recycling nutrients within these layers, particularly phosphate (PO4) and iron (Fe). Samples taken through the water column in both embayments showed measurable concentrations of the cyanobacterial toxins microcystins (max. 0.4 µg/L) and the other bioactive metabolites anabaenopeptins (max. ~7 µg/L) and cyanopeptolins (max. 1 ng/L), along with the corresponding genes (max. in 2018). These oligopeptides are known to act as metabolic inhibitors (e.g., in chemical defence against grazers, parasites) and allow a competitive advantage. In TMB, the 2018 peaks in these oligopeptides and genes coincided with the P. cf. isothrix DCLs, suggesting this species as the main source. Our data indicate that intersecting physicochemical gradients of light and nutrient-enriched hypoxic hypolimnia are key factors in supporting DCLs in TMB and SB. Microbial activity and allelopathy may also influence DCL community structure and function, and require further investigation, particularly related to the dominance of potentially toxigenic species such as P. cf. isothrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Zastepa
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canada Centre for Inland Waters, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada;
| | - Todd R. Miller
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA;
| | - L. Cynthia Watson
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canada Centre for Inland Waters, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada;
| | - Hedy Kling
- Algal Taxonomy and Ecology Inc., P.O. Box 761, Stony Mountain, MB R0C 3A0, Canada;
| | - Susan B. Watson
- School of Graduate Studies, Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada;
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Choudhary M, Gupta S, Dhar MK, Kaul S. Endophytic Fungi-Mediated Biocatalysis and Biotransformations Paving the Way Toward Green Chemistry. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:664705. [PMID: 34222213 PMCID: PMC8242341 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.664705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalysis is a process carried out in the presence of a heterogenous catalyst for accelerating the rate of a chemical reaction. It plays a pivotal role in transition from take, make, and dispose technology to sustainable technology via chemo- and biocatalytic processes. However, chemocatalyzed reactions are usually associated with copious amounts of perilous/hazardous environmental footprints. Therefore, whole-cell biotransformations or enzyme cocktails serve as cleaner biocatalytic alternatives in replacing the classical chemical procedures. These benchmark bioconversion reactions serve as important key technology in achieving the goals of green chemistry by eliminating waste generation at source. For this, nature has always been a driving force in fuelling natural product discovery and related applications. The fungal endophytic community, in particular, has undergone co-evolution with their host plant and has emerged as a powerful tool of genetic diversity. They can serve as a treasure trove of biocatalysts, catalyzing organic transformations of a wide range of substances into enantiopure compounds with biotechnological relevance. Additionally, the biocatalytic potential of endophytic fungi as whole-intact organisms/isolated enzyme systems has been greatly expanded beyond the existing boundaries with the advancement in high-throughput screening, molecular biology techniques, metabolic engineering, and protein engineering. Therefore, the present review illustrates the promising applications of endophytic fungi as biocatalysts for the synthesis of new structural analogs and pharmaceutical intermediates and refinement of existing proteins for novel chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suruchi Gupta
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Manoj K Dhar
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Sanjana Kaul
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
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Stracquadanio C, Luz C, La Spada F, Meca G, Cacciola SO. Inhibition of Mycotoxigenic Fungi in Different Vegetable Matrices by Extracts of Trichoderma Species. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:445. [PMID: 34204980 DOI: 10.3390/jof7060445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-harvest fungal diseases of plant products are a serious concern leading to economic losses and health risks. Moreover, the use of synthetic chemical fungicides to prevent these diseases is limited due to toxic residues. This study aimed at determining the effective dose of extracts of Trichoderma asperellum IMI393899 (TE1) and Trichoderma atroviride TS (TE2) in inhibiting the contamination by mycotoxigenic fungi on different plant matrices. Extracts were tested on tomatoes contaminated by Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium graminearum, wheat contaminated by Penicillium verrucosum and maize contaminated by Aspergillus flavus. The efficacy of extracts was evaluated at two time intervals after treatment, 4 and 11 days for tomato, and 10 and 20 days for both wheat and maize. Both extracts showed a significant inhibitory activity on mycotoxigenic pathogens and significantly reduced Log CFU/g compared to the control. Moreover, the extracts reduced mycotoxin production in a dose dependent manner and with a long-lasting effect. The ochratoxin A was reduced by both extracts but only the extract TE2 was effective in reducing aflatoxins, whereas TE1 treatment increased their synthesis.
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