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Xiong C, Petursdottir AH, Rikhardsson G, Stergiadis S, Raab A, Feldmann J. Speciation of arsenic in milk from cows fed seaweed. J Sci Food Agric 2024. [PMID: 38597303 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Including seaweed in cattle feed has gained increased interest, but it is important to take into account that the concentration of toxic metals, especially arsenic, is high in seaweed. This study investigated the arsenic species in milk from seaweed-fed cows. RESULTS Total arsenic in milk of control diets (9.3 ± 1.0 μg As kg-1, n = 4, dry mass) was significantly higher than seaweed-based diet (high-seaweed diet: 7.8 ± 0.4 μg As kg-1, P < 0.05, n = 4, dry mass; low-seaweed diet: 6.2 ± 1.0 μg As kg-1, P < 0.01, n = 4, dry mass). Arsenic speciation showed that the main species present were arsenobetaine (AB) and arsenate (As(V)) (37% and 24% of the total arsenic, respectively). Trace amounts of dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) and arsenocholine (AC) have also been detected in milk. Apart from arsenate being significantly lower (P < 0.001) in milk from seaweed-fed cows than in milk from the control group, other arsenic species showed no significant differences between groups. CONCLUSION The lower total arsenic and arsenate in seaweed diet groups indicates a possible competition of uptake between arsenate and phosphate, and the presence of AC indicates that a reduction of AB occurred in the digestive tract. Feeding a seaweed blend (91% Ascophyllum nodosum and 9% Laminaria digitata) does not raise As-related safety concerns for milk. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Xiong
- Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Sokratis Stergiadis
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Raab
- Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jörg Feldmann
- Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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2
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Elizur A, Rachel‐Jossefi S, Rachmiel M, Eisenberg E, Katz Y. Consumption of cow's milk formula in the nursery and the development of milk allergy. Clin Transl Allergy 2024; 14:e12352. [PMID: 38613160 PMCID: PMC11015055 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of the amount of transient cow's milk formula (CMF) consumed during the first days of life on IgE-cow's milk allergy (IgE-CMA) is unknown. METHODS A cohort of 58 patients with IgE-CMA was identified from a large scale population-based study of 13,019 infants followed from birth. A group of 116 infants matched for sex and breastfeeding only duration (beyond the nursery period), and another random group of 259 healthy infants were used as controls. Parents were interviewed and the infants' medical records were searched to assess CMF consumption in the nursery. RESULTS While 96% of the mothers of the 174 infants (58 with Cow's milk allergy and 116 controls) reported on exclusive breastfeeding during the stay in the nursery, CMF consumption was documented in 96 (55%) of the infants. Of those, most (57; 59%) received one to three feedings, 20 (21%) received four to nine feedings, and 19 (20%) received ≥10 feedings. Fewer formula feeds (1-3) were significantly more common in the allergic group than ≥4 feeds (p = 0.0003) and no feeds at all (p = 0.02) compared to controls (n = 116). Of those exclusively breastfed in the nursery, 13/23 allergic infants (57%) introduced CMF at age 105-194 days (the period with highest-risk for IgE-CMA) compared to 33/98 (34%) from the random control group (n = 259) (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Most infants end up receiving few CMF feeds in the nursery. Transient CMF in the nursery is associated with increased risk of IgE-CMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnon Elizur
- Shamir Medical Center Assaf Harofeh Pediatrics DivisionInstitute of Allergy Immunology and Pediatric PulmonologyTzrifinIsrael
- Tel Aviv University School of MedicineTel AvivIsrael
| | - Shirel Rachel‐Jossefi
- Shamir Medical Center Assaf Harofeh Pediatrics DivisionInstitute of Allergy Immunology and Pediatric PulmonologyTzrifinIsrael
- Tel Aviv University School of MedicineTel AvivIsrael
| | - Marianna Rachmiel
- Tel Aviv University School of MedicineTel AvivIsrael
- Shamir Medical Center Assaf Harofeh Pediatrics DivisionPediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes InstituteTzrifinIsrael
| | - Eli Eisenberg
- Tel Aviv University School of Physics and AstronomyTal AvivIsrael
| | - Yitzhak Katz
- Shamir Medical Center Assaf Harofeh Pediatrics DivisionInstitute of Allergy Immunology and Pediatric PulmonologyTzrifinIsrael
- Tel Aviv University School of MedicineTel AvivIsrael
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3
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Caldas SA, Murphy E, Habeshian K, Kirkorian AY, Hinds T. Ulcerated diaper dermatitis: Child abuse mimicker. Pediatr Dermatol 2024; 41:87-90. [PMID: 37329293 DOI: 10.1111/pde.15374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Irritant diaper dermatitis is a common dermatologic problem among infants and young children. Severe erosive presentations, although uncommon, are diagnostically challenging and can mimic non-accidental trauma (NAT). Diagnosing inflicted injury and NAT where it does not exist can cause parental distress, yet failing to diagnose inflicted injury and NAT can result in re-injury. We describe three cases of severe erosive diaper dermatitis in pediatric patients aged 2-6 years that were initially concerning for inflicted scald burn or neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella A Caldas
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Emily Murphy
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kaiane Habeshian
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
- Division of Dermatology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anna Yasmine Kirkorian
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
- Division of Dermatology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tanya Hinds
- Division of Child and Adolescent Protection, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
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4
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Özkan H, Keçeli HH, Kaya U, Dalkiran S, Yüksel M, Tek E, Yakan A. Considering potential roles of selected MicroRNAs in evaluating subclinical mastitis and Milk quality in California mastitis test (+) and infected bovine milk. Anim Sci J 2024; 95:e13959. [PMID: 38769761 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the relationships between subclinical mastitis and milk quality with selected microRNAs in cow milk. California Mastitis Test (CMT)-positive (n = 20) and negative (n = 20) samples were compared (Experiment I). Additionally, samples with CMT-positive but microbiological-negative, as well as positive for only Staphylococcus subspecies (Staph spp.) and only Streptococcus subspecies (Strep spp.) were examined (Experiment II). Four groups were formed in Experiment II: Group I (CMT and microbiological-negative) (n = 20), Group II (CMT-positive but microbiological-negative) (n = 10), Group III (Staph spp.) (n = 5), Group IV (Strep spp.) (n = 5). While electrical conductivity, somatic cell count (SCC), malondialdehyde (MDA) increased, miR-27a-3p and miR-223 upregulated and miR-125b downregulated in the CMT-positive group in Experiment I. SCC and MDA were higher in CMT-positive groups. miR-27a-3p and miR-223 upregulated in Groups III and IV. While miR-155 is upregulated, miR-125b downregulated in Group IV. Milk fat is positively correlated with miR-148a and miR-223. As miR-27a-3p positively correlated with SCC and MDA, miR-125b negatively correlated with electrical conductivity and SCC. miR-148a and MDA were positively correlated. miR-155 was correlated with fat-free dry matter, protein, lactose, and freezing point. miR-223 was positively correlated with SCC and miR-148a. Results particularly highlight miR-27a-3p and miR-223 as potential biomarkers in subclinical mastitis, especially those caused by Staph spp. and Strep spp., while miR-148a, miR-155, and miR-223 stand out in determining milk quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Özkan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Genetics, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkiye
| | - Hasan Hüseyin Keçeli
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Genetics, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkiye
| | - Ufuk Kaya
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkiye
| | - Sevda Dalkiran
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkiye
| | - Murat Yüksel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkiye
| | - Erhan Tek
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkiye
| | - Akın Yakan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Genetics, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkiye
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Soczynska I, da Costa BR, O'Connor DL, Jenkins DJA, Birken CS, Juando-Prats C, Maguire JL. Parent and physician beliefs, perceptions and knowledge of plant milks for children. Nutr Health 2023:2601060231171299. [PMID: 37157791 DOI: 10.1177/02601060231171299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Background: Parent and physician perceptions of plant milk are unclear. Aim: To explore parent and physician perceptions of plant milk for children and to gain a better understanding of why parents and physicians might choose plant milk for children. Methods: A mixed methods study was conducted using a questionnaire and interviews with parents and physicians participating in the TARGet Kids! cohort study. Questionnaire data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Parents reported a variety of reasons for choosing plant milk for their children including concerns around allergies, the environment, animal welfare, plant-based diet, health benefits, taste and hormones in cow's milk. Parents gave their children various types of plant milks and physicians provided various recommendations to parents of children not consuming cow's milk. Our study identified that 79% of parents and 51% of physicians were unaware that soy milk is the recommended cow's milk substitute for children. Additionally, 26% of parents did not know some plant milks are not fortified and can contain added sugar. Three main themes were identified from interviews about why parents and physicians may choose plant milk for children: (i) healthiness of plant milk; (ii) concerns about hormones; and (iii) environmental impacts. Conclusions: Parents and physicians choose the milk that they believe is healthiest for their child or patient. However, a lack of clarity on the effects of plant milk consumption on children's health resulted in conflicting views on whether plant milk or cow's milk is healthier for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Soczynska
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bruno R da Costa
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Canada
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Deborah L O'Connor
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - David J A Jenkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Catherine S Birken
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Clara Juando-Prats
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathon L Maguire
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
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Kocsis R, Süle J, Nagy P, Gál J, Tardy E, Császár G, Rácz B. Annual and seasonal trends in cow's milk quality determined by FT-MIR spectroscopy in Hungary between 2011 and 2020. Acta Vet Hung 2022; 70:207-214. [PMID: 36037047 DOI: 10.1556/004.2022.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We analysed and monitored the major chemical composition of cow's bulk milk by Fourier transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy over a 10-year period in the whole territory of Hungary. In addition, the two most important key parameters for milk quality assessment, total bacterial count (TBC) and somatic cell count (SCC) were also followed. Production parameters showed significant seasonal and yearly changes. The overall mean fat, protein, lactose and solids-non-fat (SNF) contents of cow's milk were 3.81%, 3.32%, 4.74% and 8.76%, respectively. A circannual variation was observed in the chemical composition and yield of milk components of samples examined between 2011 and 2020. Concerning milk fat, milk protein and SNF, the values were the lowest in summer and the highest in winter. In the case of lactose, the minimum values were measured in autumn and the maximum values in spring. An obvious trend of long-term elevation of lactose and SNF was found in the raw cow milk samples over the observed period. The overall mean TBC and SCC of cow's milk were 52 × 103 CFU ml-1 and 270 × 103 cells/ml, respectively. Although there were differences in the monthly average values, no seasonal cyclicality was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róbert Kocsis
- 1 Hungarian Dairy Research Institute Ltd., Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Judit Süle
- 1 Hungarian Dairy Research Institute Ltd., Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Péter Nagy
- 2 Emirates Industry for Camel Milk and Products, Farm and Veterinary Department, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Judit Gál
- 1 Hungarian Dairy Research Institute Ltd., Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Emília Tardy
- 1 Hungarian Dairy Research Institute Ltd., Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Gábor Császár
- 1 Hungarian Dairy Research Institute Ltd., Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Bence Rácz
- 3 Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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7
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Zhang Y, Xu Q, Hou J, Huang G, Zhao S, Zheng N, Wang J. Loss of bioactive microRNAs in cow's milk by ultra-high-temperature treatment but not by pasteurization treatment. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:2676-2685. [PMID: 34689341 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Milk microRNA (miRNA) with bioactivity is beneficial for human health. However, the effect of heat treatment on miRNA in milk is still not clear. In this study, the miRNAs in raw (RM), pasteurized (PM) and ultra-high-temperature (UHT) milk (UM) from the same batch were extracted, sequenced and analyzed. RESULTS The results showed that there was a significant difference in miRNAs between RM and UM, but not between RM and PM. The total read counts of milk miRNAs were significantly decreased by heat treatment, with the least counts in UM (P < 0.05). The average length and GC percentage of miRNAs were significantly reduced by heat treatment (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in these terms between RM and PM. The content of miRNAs was verified by qPCR, finding that miR-17-5p, miR-25, miR-27b and miR-9-5p were significantly reduced in UM (P < 0.05) but not significantly affected in PM (except miR-27b). In addition, the targeting gene ontology enrichment functions of the different presented miRNAs were mostly enriched in biological process, cellular component and molecular function. The top 20 enriched miRNAs with different levels in heat-treated milk were identified by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis. Interestingly, most of the functions of these miRNA targeting genes are involved in cancer or inflammation activity. CONCLUSION This study revealed that the bioactive miRNA in RM was lost after UHT treatment but not in pasteurized treatment. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangdong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingbiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxiu Hou
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoxin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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8
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McGovern C, Rifas-Shiman SL, Switkowski KM, Woo Baidal JA, Lightdale JR, Hivert MF, Oken E, Aris IM. Association of cow's milk intake in early childhood with adiposity and cardiometabolic risk in early adolescence. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:561-571. [PMID: 35441227 PMCID: PMC9348987 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies have provided conflicting evidence regarding associations of pediatric milk consumption with subsequent adiposity. OBJECTIVES We aimed to estimate associations of the consumption frequency and fat content of early childhood milk intake with early adolescent adiposity and cardiometabolic risk. METHODS We analyzed data collected prospectively from 796 children in Project Viva, a Boston-area prebirth cohort. Parents reported the frequency (times/day) and fat content [higher-fat: whole (3.25%) or 2% milk; lower-fat: 1% or skim milk] of cow's milk consumed in early childhood (mean, 3.2 years) via food-frequency questionnaires. We measured adiposity and cardiometabolic markers in early adolescence (mean, 13.2 years) and conducted multivariable regressions to assess associations adjusted for baseline parental and child sociodemographic, anthropometric, and dietary factors. RESULTS In early childhood, mean milk intake was 2.3 times/day (SD, 1.2 times/day), and 63% of children drank primarily higher-fat milk. The early childhood BMI z-score (BMIz) was inversely associated with the fat content of milk consumed in early childhood. After adjustment for baseline parent and child factors, early childhood intake of higher-fat compared with lower-fat milk was associated with lower adiposity; however, the 95% CIs for most adiposity outcomes-except for the odds of overweight or obesity (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.38-0.93)-crossed the null after adjustment for the baseline child BMIz and BMIz change between ages 2 and 3 years. Early childhood consumption of higher-fat milk (compared with lower-fat milk) was not associated with adverse cardiometabolic outcomes. The frequency of cow's milk consumption in early childhood was not associated with adiposity or cardiometabolic risk in early adolescence. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of higher-fat cow's milk in early childhood was not associated with increased adiposity or adverse cardiometabolic health over a decade later. Our findings do not support current recommendations to consume lower-fat milk to reduce the risk of later obesity and adverse cardiometabolic outcomes. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02820402.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karen M Switkowski
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Woo Baidal
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jenifer R Lightdale
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Izzuddin M Aris
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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9
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Turner PJ, Duca B, Chastell SA, Alvarez O, Bazire R, Vazquez‐Ortiz M, Rodríguez del Río P. IgE-sensitization predicts threshold but not anaphylaxis during oral food challenges to cow's milk. Allergy 2022; 77:1291-1293. [PMID: 34874567 DOI: 10.1111/all.15195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Turner
- National Heart & Lung Institute Imperial College London London UK
| | - Bettina Duca
- National Heart & Lung Institute Imperial College London London UK
| | | | - Olaya Alvarez
- Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol A Coruña Spain
| | - Raphaëlle Bazire
- Department of Allergy Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesus Madrid Spain
- Health Research Institute Princesa Madrid Spain
- ARADyAL Research Network Barcelona Spain
| | | | - Pablo Rodríguez del Río
- Department of Allergy Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesus Madrid Spain
- Health Research Institute Princesa Madrid Spain
- ARADyAL Research Network Barcelona Spain
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10
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de Waal P, Murray S, Lennard K, Korsman J, Levin M. Bacterial microbiota composition of fresh unpasteurized cow's milk and home-made and commercially available fermented milk products. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021; 32:1879-1882. [PMID: 34314532 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter de Waal
- Division of Allergology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Shane Murray
- Centre of Proteomic and Genomic Research, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Katie Lennard
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Jeanne Korsman
- Centre of Proteomic and Genomic Research, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michael Levin
- Division of Allergology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa.,InVIVO planetary health research group of the Worldwide Universities Network, South Africa
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11
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McKendry RT, Kwok M, Hemmings O, James LK, Santos AF. Allergen-specific IgG show distinct patterns in persistent and transient food allergy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021; 32:1508-1518. [PMID: 34057765 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immediate food-allergic reactions are IgE-mediated, but many individuals with detectable allergen-specific IgE do not react to the food. Allergen-specific IgG may interfere with allergen-IgE interaction and/or through intracellular inhibitory signalling to suppress mast cell and basophil response to food allergens. We aimed to understand the role of allergen-specific IgG in food allergy and natural tolerance. METHODS IgG and IgG isotypes specific to peanut, cow's milk and egg were measured using ImmunoCAP and ELISA respectively in samples of children with suspected food allergies. Expression of IgE and IgG and their receptors and expression of activation markers following allergen stimulation were measured on basophils and mast cells by flow cytometry, with and without blockade of FcγRIIα or FcγRIIβ receptors. RESULTS The levels of peanut-specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 in ELISA were higher in peanut-allergic than in non-peanut-allergic children. No difference in allergen-specific IgG isotypes was observed between allergic and non-allergic children to milk or egg, except for milk-specific IgG4 that was higher in non-cow's milk-allergic than in cow's milk-allergic children. Basophils and LAD2 cells expressed IgG receptors, but IgG and IgA were not detected on the surface of either cell type and blocking FcγRIIα or FcγRIIβ did not modify basophil or mast cell activation in response to allergen in allergic or tolerant children. CONCLUSION Allergen-specific IgG patterns were distinct in persistent (peanut) versus transient (milk and egg) food allergies. We found no evidence that FcγRIIα or FcγRIIβ receptors affect allergen-induced activation of mast cells and basophils in food allergy or natural tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T McKendry
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Paediatric Allergy), Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Matthew Kwok
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Paediatric Allergy), Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Oliver Hemmings
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Paediatric Allergy), Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Louisa K James
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Alexandra F Santos
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Paediatric Allergy), Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.,Children's Allergy Service, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
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12
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Collard KM, McCormick DP. A Nutritional Comparison of Cow's Milk and Alternative Milk Products. Acad Pediatr 2021; 21:1067-1069. [PMID: 33373745 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alternative milk products are becoming more visible and popular, but nutrient data to compare these products to traditional cow's milk are not easily accessible. By summarizing this nutritional information, this project aims to help primary care providers take better care of their patients by providing easy to access nutritional comparison between cow's milk and milk alternatives such as plant-based milks and goat's milk. METHODS This project uses data from the United States Department of Agriculture's Food Data Central database and publicly available nutrition label data to compare the nutritional content of selected milk. RESULTS Almond and oat milks provide less than half of the protein provided by soy, goat's, and cow's milk. Goat's milk contains the most fat of the products surveyed, while skim milk contains the lowest fat per serving. Soy milk, almond milk, and oat milk contain at least half the fat of cow's milk. Almond milk contained the most calcium of the milks surveyed. Quantities of folate and vitamin B12 were most notably decreased in goat's milk and almond milk while soy milk had almost double the amount of folate and vitamin B12 present in cow's milk. CONCLUSION Cow's milk still remains the best source of fats, protein, and micronutrients. For parents who prefer an alternative to cow's milk, the child's health should be considered. Parents may consider nutrition information when making decisions for their families, and primary care pediatricians should be able to provide current nutritional data on frequently advertised products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyn M Collard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex.
| | - David P McCormick
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex
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13
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Turner PJ, d'Art YM, Duca B, Chastell SA, Marco-Martin G, Vera-Berrios RN, Alvarez O, Bazire R, Rodríguez Del Río P, Vazquez-Ortiz M, Baumert JL, van Ree R, Mills CEN, Fernandez-Rivas M, Hourihane JO. Single-dose oral challenges to validate eliciting doses in children with cow's milk allergy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021; 32:1056-1065. [PMID: 33608940 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing interest in the use of eliciting doses (EDs) to inform allergen risk management. The ED can be estimated from the distribution of threshold doses for allergic subjects undergoing food challenges within a specified population. Estimated ED05 values for cow's milk (the dose expected to cause objective allergic symptoms in 5% of the milk-allergic population) range from 0.5 mg to 13.9 mg cow's milk protein. We undertook a single-dose challenge study to validate a predicted ED05 for cow's milk of 0.5 mg protein. METHODS Participants were recruited from 4 clinical centres. Predetermined criteria were used to identify patients reacting to 0.5 mg cow's milk protein (approximately 0.015 mL of fresh cow's milk). Children over 1 year underwent formal challenge to cow's milk to confirm clinical reactivity. RESULTS 172 children (median age 6.0 (IQR 0.7-11) years, 57% male) were included in this analysis. Twelve (7.0%, 95% CI 3.7%-11.9%) children experienced objective symptoms that met the predetermined criteria. One participant had mild anaphylaxis that responded to a single dose of adrenaline, the remainder experienced only mild symptoms with no treatment required. We did not identify any baseline predictors of sensitization that were associated with objective reactivity to the single-dose challenge using 0.5 mg cow's milk protein. CONCLUSIONS These data support an estimated ED05 for cow's milk of 0.5 mg protein. Values for ED05 above 0.5 mg for cow's milk protein proposed for allergen risk management need to be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Turner
- Section of Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yvonne M d'Art
- Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Bettina Duca
- Section of Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sophia A Chastell
- Section of Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Guadalupe Marco-Martin
- Allergy Department, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain.,ARADyAL Research Network, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosialzira N Vera-Berrios
- Allergy Department, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain.,ARADyAL Research Network, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olaya Alvarez
- ARADyAL Research Network, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Allergy, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesus, Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raphaëlle Bazire
- ARADyAL Research Network, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Allergy, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesus, Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Rodríguez Del Río
- ARADyAL Research Network, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Allergy, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesus, Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Vazquez-Ortiz
- Section of Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Joseph L Baumert
- Food Allergy Research and Resource Program, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, USA
| | - Ronald van Ree
- Department of Experimental Immunology and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Clare E N Mills
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Montserrat Fernandez-Rivas
- Allergy Department, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain.,ARADyAL Research Network, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonathan O'B Hourihane
- Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Ireland.,Paediatrics and Child Health, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Children's Health Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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14
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Lovell AL, Milne T, Matsuyama M, Hill RJ, Davies PSW, Grant CC, Wall CR. Protein Intake, IGF-1 Concentrations, and Growth in the Second Year of Life in Children Receiving Growing Up Milk - Lite (GUMLi) or Cow's Milk (CM) Intervention. Front Nutr 2021; 8:666228. [PMID: 34179057 PMCID: PMC8224403 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.666228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship of protein intake with insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) concentrations in well-nourished children during the second year of life is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of a reduced-protein Growing Up Milk Lite (GUMLi) or unfortified cow's milk (CM) on protein intake, growth, and plasma IGF-1 at 2 y. An exploratory analysis of a sub-sample of Auckland-based children (n = 79) in the GUMLi trial (a double-blind, randomised control trial, N = 160) completed in Auckland and Brisbane (2015-2017) was conducted. One-year old children were randomised to receive a reduced-protein GUMLi (1.7 g protein/100 mL) or a non-fortified CM (3.1 g protein/100 mL) for 12 months. Blood sampling and anthropometric measurements were made at 1 and 2 y. Diet was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Total protein intake (g/d) from all cow's milk sources was 4.6 g (95% CI: -6.7, -2.4; p < 0.005) lower in the GUMLi group after 12 months of the intervention, with a significant group-by-time interaction (p = 0.005). Length-for-age (LAZ) and weight-for-length (WLZ) z-scores did not differ between groups, however, mean body fat % (BF%) was 3.2% (95%CI: -6.2, -0.3; p = 0.032) lower in the GUMLi group at 2 y. There was no difference between the intervention groups in relation to IGF-1 and IGF-BP3 (p = 0.894 and 0.698, respectively), with no group-by-sex interaction. After combining the groups, IGF-1 concentration at 2 y was positively correlated with parameters of growth (all p < 0.05), total cow's milk intake (p = 0.032) after adjusting for sex, breastfeeding status, and gestation. Randomisation to a reduced protein GUMLi resulted in small reduction in %BF and lower total protein intakes but had no effect on growth. Plasma IGF-1 concentrations were independently associated with total protein intake from cow's milk at 2 y, highlighting a potential area of the diet to target when designing future protein-related nutrition interventions. Clinical Trial Registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number: ACTRN12614000918628. Date registered: 27/08/2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Lovell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tania Milne
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Misa Matsuyama
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rebecca J Hill
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter S W Davies
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Cameron C Grant
- Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Centre for Longitudinal Research He Ara ki Mua, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,General Paediatrics, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Clare R Wall
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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15
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Miura Y, Nagakura KI, Nishino M, Takei M, Takahashi K, Asaumi T, Ogura K, Sato S, Ebisawa M, Yanagida N. Long-term follow-up of fixed low-dose oral immunotherapy for children with severe cow's milk allergy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021; 32:734-741. [PMID: 33393118 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy and safety of cow's milk (CM) low-dose oral immunotherapy (LOIT) at one-year follow-up have been previously reported. We investigated the outcome of fixed long-term LOIT in children with severe CM allergy. METHODS Children with positive reactions to oral food challenge (OFC) with 3 mL CM were included. The LOIT group (n = 33) ingested up to 3 mL CM for 1 year. After a two-week CM avoidance, 3 and 25 mL OFCs were performed. Children with positive reactions continued with 3 mL ingestion, with OFCs repeated yearly. Regular home consumption of 25 mL CM after passing the OFCs was defined as 25 mL short-term unresponsiveness (25 mL STU). The historical control group (n = 16) with reactions to 3 mL OFC eliminated daily CM ingestion. RESULTS The proportion of 25 mL STU in the LOIT group was 27%, 52%, and 61% after 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively, and the 3-year percentage was significantly higher than that in the historical control group (13%, P = .002). In the LOIT group, only one child developed severe symptoms. Furthermore, in this group, CM- and casein-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) levels decreased significantly and casein-specific IgG and IgG4 levels increased significantly after 3 years, whereas the historical control group presented no significant change in these parameters. Baseline sIgE levels were significantly low in children achieving 25 mL STU. CONCLUSION Continued fixed LOIT yields immunologic improvement and may be effective and safe for severe CM allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nagakura
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishino
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan.,Course of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Takei
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kyohei Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan.,Course of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Asaumi
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kiyotake Ogura
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan.,Course of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakura Sato
- Course of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Motohiro Ebisawa
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Yanagida
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
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16
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Hose AJ, Pagani G, Karvonen AM, Kirjavainen PV, Roduit C, Genuneit J, Schmaußer-Hechfellner E, Depner M, Frei R, Lauener R, Riedler J, Schaub B, Fuchs O, von Mutius E, Divaret-Chauveau A, Pekkanen J, Ege MJ. Excessive Unbalanced Meat Consumption in the First Year of Life Increases Asthma Risk in the PASTURE and LUKAS2 Birth Cohorts. Front Immunol 2021; 12:651709. [PMID: 33986744 PMCID: PMC8111016 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.651709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A higher diversity of food items introduced in the first year of life has been inversely related to subsequent development of asthma. In the current analysis, we applied latent class analysis (LCA) to systematically assess feeding patterns and to relate them to asthma risk at school age. PASTURE (N=1133) and LUKAS2 (N=228) are prospective birth cohort studies designed to evaluate protective and risk factors for atopic diseases, including dietary patterns. Feeding practices were reported by parents in monthly diaries between the 4th and 12th month of life. For 17 common food items parents indicated frequency of feeding during the last 4 weeks in 4 categories. The resulting 153 ordinal variables were entered in a LCA. The intestinal microbiome was assessed at the age of 12 months by 16S rRNA sequencing. Data on feeding practice with at least one reported time point was available in 1042 of the 1133 recruited children. Best LCA model fit was achieved by the 4-class solution. One class showed an elevated risk of asthma at age 6 as compared to the other classes (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 8.47, 95% CI 2.52–28.56, p = 0.001) and was characterized by daily meat consumption and rare consumption of milk and yoghurt. A refined LCA restricted to meat, milk, and yoghurt confirmed the asthma risk effect of a particular class in PASTURE and independently in LUKAS2, which we thus termed unbalanced meat consumption (UMC). The effect of UMC was particularly strong for non-atopic asthma and asthma irrespectively of early bronchitis (aOR: 17.0, 95% CI 5.2–56.1, p < 0.001). UMC fostered growth of iron scavenging bacteria such as Acinetobacter (aOR: 1.28, 95% CI 1.00-1.63, p = 0.048), which was also related to asthma (aOR: 1.55, 95% CI 1.18-2.03, p = 0.001). When reconstructing bacterial metabolic pathways from 16S rRNA sequencing data, biosynthesis of siderophore group nonribosomal peptides emerged as top hit (aOR: 1.58, 95% CI 1.13-2.19, p = 0.007). By a data-driven approach we found a pattern of overly meat consumption at the expense of other protein sources to confer risk of asthma. Microbiome analysis of fecal samples pointed towards overgrowth of iron-dependent bacteria and bacterial iron metabolism as a potential explanation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Hose
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Giulia Pagani
- Institute for Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anne M Karvonen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pirkka V Kirjavainen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Caroline Roduit
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland.,Department of Immunology, Children's Hospital, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Allergology, Childrens Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Jon Genuneit
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Pediatric Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Schmaußer-Hechfellner
- Institute for Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Depner
- Institute for Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Remo Frei
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland.,Pediatric Pulmonology, Bern University Hospital, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roger Lauener
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland.,Department of Allergology, Childrens Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland.,Department of Allergology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,School of Medicine, University of St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Josef Riedler
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital, Schwarzach, Austria
| | - Bianca Schaub
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPCM), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Fuchs
- Division of Paediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Department of Paediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Erika von Mutius
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPCM), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Amandine Divaret-Chauveau
- Pediatric Allergy Department, Children's Hospital, University Hospital of Nancy, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France.,EA 3450 DevAH, Faculty of Medecine, University of Lorraine, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France.,Department of Respiratory Disease, UMR/CNRS 6249 Chrono-environnement, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Juha Pekkanen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus J Ege
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPCM), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
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17
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Quattromani M, Calzedda R, Monti G. A 5-Month-Old Infant with Cardiorespiratory Arrest Caused by Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome to Cow's Milk Proteins. J Pediatr Intensive Care 2020; 9:287-289. [PMID: 33133746 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1705184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a nonimmunoglobulin E cell-mediated food allergy, which occurs predominantly in infants and young children. The most commonly incriminated triggers are cow's milk (CM), soy, and grains. Acute FPIES can be potentially life-threatening and culminate in shock requiring fluid resuscitation in at least 15% of the cases. To our knowledge, there have been no reports in literature of cardiorespiratory arrest induced by acute FPIES. We describe the first case of cardiorespiratory arrest occurred after accidental ingestion of a CM-based formula in a 5-month-old infant with previous diagnosis of FPIES to CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Quattromani
- Department of Pediatric Allergology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Calzedda
- Department of Pediatric Allergology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanna Monti
- Department of Pediatric Allergology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy
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18
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Adel-Patient K, Bernard H, Fenaille F, Hazebrouck S, Junot C, Verhasselt V. Prevention of Allergy to a Major Cow's Milk Allergen by Breastfeeding in Mice Depends on Maternal Immune Status and Oral Exposure During Lactation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1545. [PMID: 32849523 PMCID: PMC7396486 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The high incidence of food allergy in childhood points to the need of elucidating early life factors dictating allergy susceptibility. Here, we aim to address in a mouse model how the exposure to a major cow's milk allergen through breastmilk of mothers with different immune status influences food allergy outcome in offspring. Methods: BALB/cJ future dams were either kept naïve, or sensitized through the oral route using cholera toxin (“orally sensitized”) or through the i.p. route using alum (“i.p. sensitized”), or rendered fully tolerant (oral gavage without any adjuvant) to bovine β-lactoglobulin (BLG). After mating with naïve males and delivery, mothers were orally exposed or not to BLG during the whole lactation. Then, eight groups of lactating mothers were considered: naïve, i.p. sensitized, orally sensitized, or tolerant, each exposed or not during lactation. In order to specifically address breastmilk effects on their allergy susceptibility, pups from naïve-synchronized mothers were cross-fostered by the different groups of treated dams and lactating mothers at delivery. In some experiments, mothers kept their own pups to address a possible in utero effect. BLG antigen, BLG-specific antibodies, and BLG-immune complexes were measured in breastmilk from the different lactating mother groups. Allergic sensitization was monitored in 5-weeks old female offspring (n = 7–8/group of lactating mothers) by determining BLG-specific antibodies in plasma and splenocytes cytokine secretion after i.p. injections of BLG/alum. Allergic reaction to oral BLG challenge was evaluated by measuring mMCP1 in plasma. Results: Offspring was protected from one allergic i.p. sensitization when nursed by i.p. sensitized mothers, independently of BLG exposure during lactation. Orally sensitized dams conferred protection in offspring solely when exposed to BLG during lactation, while naïve mothers did not provide any protection upon BLG exposure. The levels of protection correlated with the levels of BLG-specific antibodies and BLG-immune complex in breastmilk. There was a trend for decreased sensitization in offspring breastfed by tolerant and exposed mothers, which was not associated with transfer of specific antibodies through breastmilk. Protection provided by nursing by treated/exposed mothers was not persistent after a boost i.p. injection of the progeny and then did not protect them from an allergic reaction induced at this time point. No additional in utero effects were evidenced. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the strong potential of breastmilk to modulate immune response to a major cow's milk allergen in the progeny. It highlights the importance of maternal immune status and of her consumption of the allergen during lactation in dictating the outcomes in offspring. This opens perspectives where modulating maternal immune status might increase the chance of cow's milk allergy prevention in breastfed children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Adel-Patient
- Laboratoire d'Immuno-Allergie Alimentaire, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), CEA, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hervé Bernard
- Laboratoire d'Immuno-Allergie Alimentaire, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), CEA, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - François Fenaille
- Laboratoire du Métabolisme des Médicaments, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, CEA, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stéphane Hazebrouck
- Laboratoire d'Immuno-Allergie Alimentaire, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), CEA, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christophe Junot
- Laboratoire d'Immuno-Allergie Alimentaire, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), CEA, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Laboratoire du Métabolisme des Médicaments, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, CEA, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Valérie Verhasselt
- Chair of Human Lactology, School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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19
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Roth-Walter F, Afify SM, Pacios LF, Blokhuis BR, Redegeld F, Regner A, Petje LM, Fiocchi A, Untersmayr E, Dvorak Z, Hufnagl K, Pali-Schöll I, Jensen-Jarolim E. Cow's milk protein β-lactoglobulin confers resilience against allergy by targeting complexed iron into immune cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 147:321-334.e4. [PMID: 32485264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) is a bovine lipocalin in milk with an innate defense function. The circumstances under which BLG is associated with tolerance of or allergy to milk are not understood. OBJECTIVE Our aims were to assess the capacity of ligand-free apoBLG versus loaded BLG (holoBLG) to protect mice against allergy by using an iron-quercetin complex as an exemplary ligand and to study the molecular mechanisms of this protection. METHODS Binding of iron-quercetin to BLG was modeled and confirmed by spectroscopy and docking calculations. Serum IgE binding to apoBLG and holoBLG in children allergic to milk and children tolerant of milk was assessed. Mice were intranasally treated with apoBLG versus holoBLG and analyzed immunologically after systemic challenge. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation was evaluated with reporter cells and Cyp1A1 expression. Treated human PBMCs and human mast cells were assessed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and degranulation, respectively. RESULTS Modeling predicted masking of major IgE and T-cell epitopes of BLG by ligand binding. In line with this modeling, IgE binding in children allergic to milk was reduced toward holoBLG, which also impaired degranulation of mast cells. In mice, only treatments with holoBLG prevented allergic sensitization and anaphylaxis, while sustaining regulatory T cells. BLG facilitated quercetin-dependent AhR activation and, downstream of AhR, lung Cyp1A1 expression. HoloBLG shuttled iron into monocytic cells and impaired their antigen presentation. CONCLUSION The cargo of holoBLG is decisive in preventing allergy in vivo. BLG without cargo acted as an allergen in vivo and further primed human mast cells for degranulation in an antigen-independent fashion. Our data provide a mechanistic explanation why the same proteins can act either as tolerogens or as allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Roth-Walter
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sheriene Moussa Afify
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Laboratory Medicine and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Luis F Pacios
- Biotechnology Department, ETSIAAB, Center for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, CBGP (UPM-INIA), Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bart R Blokhuis
- Faculty of Science, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Redegeld
- Faculty of Science, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Regner
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa-Marie Petje
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Eva Untersmayr
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zdenek Dvorak
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karin Hufnagl
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabella Pali-Schöll
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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20
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Šertović E, Sarić Z, Barać M, Barukčić I, Kostić A, Božanić R. Physical, Chemical, Microbiological and Sensory Characteristics of a Probiotic Beverage Produced from Different Mixtures of Cow's Milk and Soy Beverage by Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 and Yoghurt Culture. Food Technol Biotechnol 2019; 57:461-471. [PMID: 32123508 PMCID: PMC7029388 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.57.04.19.6344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to determine nutritive, functional, microbiological and sensory properties of probiotic beverages produced from different volume ratios of cow's milk and soy beverage (25:75, 50:50 and 75:25). Pure cow's milk and soy beverage served as control samples. Fermentation was performed at 43 °C by a combined culture consisting of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 and yoghurt culture. Viable counts of La5 strain in the produced beverages ranged from 7.52 to 8.20 log CFU/mL, which is above the probiotic minimum (106 CFU/mL). Lactic acid was the most prevalent organic acid in all samples (660.1 to 1003.0 mg/100 mL). The fatty acid profiles of fermented beverages were as follows: the mass fraction of saturated fatty acids was 22.2-82.7%, of unsaturated fatty acids 22.3-77.8% and of polyunsaturated fatty acids 15.5-65.9%. The main soy sugars were transformed well (80% stachyose and 50% raffinose conversion) into lactic acid during fermentation. Functional probiotic beverages were successfully produced from different volume ratios of cow's milk and soy beverage by L. acidophilus La5 and yoghurt culture. Mixing cow's milk with soy beverage significantly improved the sensory properties of the product, especially its smell, taste and colour. The acceptability test showed good acceptance by potential consumers of all fermented beverage samples except for the sample made from 100% soy beverage. In the end, the obtained results represent a good basis for further optimisation of the ideal volume ratios of cow's milk and soy beverage for production of fermented beverages characterised by good viability of probiotic bacteria as well as by good functional, nutritive and sensory characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Šertović
- University of Bihać, Biotechnical Faculty, Luke Marjanovića bb, 77000 Bihać, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Zlatan Sarić
- University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Miroljub Barać
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Beograd, Serbia
| | - Irena Barukčić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Kostić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Beograd, Serbia
| | - Rajka Božanić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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21
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Sipahi S, Ozceker D, Gokcay G, Guler N, Tamay Z. A Case of Anaphylaxis to Measles Vaccination in an Infant with Cow's Milk Allergy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol Pulmonol 2019; 32:135-138. [PMID: 32140284 DOI: 10.1089/ped.2019.0993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cow's milk is one of the most common of the foods that cause food allergies in children. Here, we present a 10-month-old male who was diagnosed with having an allergy to cow's milk and who developed an anaphylactic reaction after being recently vaccinated with a measles vaccine. Case: The patient had been diagnosed with atopic dermatitis and cow's milk allergy at 40 days old after a rash appeared on his face and arms while exclusively breastfeeding. At 9 months, on his routine welfare outpatient appointment, he developed a facial rash and swelling, wheezing, difficulty breathing, and cyanosis within 10 min of having his first measles vaccination (M-VAC®; Serum Institute of India, Hadapsar, Pune, India). After an allergy evaluation and a physical examination that showed that he was otherwise healthy, he was diagnosed with an allergy to cow's milk, which was then eliminated from his diet. Laboratory evaluations were as follows: serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) to cow's milk: 36.2 kU/L, α-lactalbumin: 9.39 kU/L, β-lactoglobulin: 8.74 kU/L, casein: 34.2 kU/L, latex-specific (sp)IgE: 0.10 kU/L, gelatin spIgE: <0.35 kU/L (normal levels <0.35 kU/L; Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden). Results revealed lactalbumin hydrolysate as one of the M-VAC ingredients according to the manufacturer's package insert. Conclusion: In most cases with a cow's milk allergy, vaccines are administered without any problems because the amount of milk proteins contained in the vaccines is not sufficient to represent a risk factor for anaphylaxis; however, the vaccine content should be examined for possible allergens, particularly for children with food allergies, before vaccinating. We should keep in mind when determining the agent responsible for an allergic reaction that the risk from a residual component of milk protein in vaccines can differ according to the nutritional habits of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Sipahi
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Ozceker
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Clinic Immunology, Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulbin Gokcay
- Well Child Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nermin Guler
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Tamay
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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22
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Abbring S, Kusche D, Roos TC, Diks MAP, Hols G, Garssen J, Baars T, van Esch BCAM. Milk processing increases the allergenicity of cow's milk-Preclinical evidence supported by a human proof-of-concept provocation pilot. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 49:1013-1025. [PMID: 30945370 PMCID: PMC6849791 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Several studies demonstrated the adverse effect of milk processing on the allergy‐protective capacity of raw cow's milk. Whether milk processing also affects the allergenicity of raw milk is hardly investigated. Objective To assess the allergenicity of raw (unprocessed) and processed cow's milk in a murine model for food allergy as well as in cow's milk allergic children. Methods C3H/HeOuJ mice were either sensitized to whole milk (raw cow's milk, heated raw cow's milk or shop milk [store‐bought milk]) and challenged with cow's milk protein or they were sensitized and challenged to whey proteins (native or heated). Acute allergic symptoms, mast cell degranulation, allergen‐specific IgE levels and cytokine concentrations were determined upon challenge. Cow's milk allergic children were tested in an oral provocation pilot with organic raw and conventional shop milk. Results Mice sensitized to raw milk showed fewer acute allergic symptoms upon intradermal challenge than mice sensitized to processed milk. The acute allergic skin response was low (103 ± 8.5 µm vs 195 ± 17.7 µm for heated raw milk, P < 0.0001 and vs 149 ± 13.6 µm for shop milk, P = 0.0316), and there were no anaphylactic shock symptoms and no anaphylactic shock‐induced drop in body temperature. Moreover, allergen‐specific IgE levels and Th2 cytokines were significantly lower in raw milk sensitized mice. Interestingly, the reduced sensitizing capacity was preserved in the isolated native whey protein fraction of raw milk. Besides, native whey protein challenge diminished allergic symptoms in mice sensitized to heated whey proteins. In an oral provocation pilot, cow's milk allergic children tolerated raw milk up to 50 mL, whereas they only tolerated 8.6 ± 5.3 mL shop milk (P = 0.0078). Conclusion and Clinical Relevance This study demonstrates that raw (unprocessed) cow's milk and native whey proteins have a lower allergenicity than their processed counterparts. The preclinical evidence in combination with the human proof‐of‐concept provocation pilot provides evidence that milk processing negatively influences the allergenicity of milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Abbring
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Kusche
- Section of Organic Farming and Cropping Systems, Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany
| | | | - Mara A P Diks
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Hols
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ton Baars
- Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
| | - Betty C A M van Esch
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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23
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Abstract
Heiner syndrome (HS) is a food hypersensitivity disease that is mostly caused by cow's milk. The main features may include chronic or recurrent respiratory syndromes, pulmonary infiltrates on radiography, and even pulmonary hemosiderosis. However, gastrointestinal symptoms are rare in HS, which can lead to a misdiagnosis when the chief complaint is about the gastrointestinal system. Here, we report a case of HS complicated by severe hematochezia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Ru Huang
- Ruili Maternal and Child Care Service Center, Ruili, China
| | - Jie-Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Mei Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Esmaeilzadeh H, Alyasin S, Haghighat M, Nabavizadeh H, Esmaeilzadeh E, Mosavat F. The effect of baked milk on accelerating unheated cow's milk tolerance: A control randomized clinical trial. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2018; 29:747-753. [PMID: 30027590 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessing the effect of adding baked milk products to the diet of patients with cow's milk allergy on accelerating the formation of tolerance. METHOD A randomized clinical trial was carried out with 84 patients (6 months-3 years old) diagnosed with allergy to cow's milk who tolerated baked milk in form of muffin in oral food challenge (OFC). The subjects were divided randomly into case and control groups matched for age and sex. Patients in the case group were asked to consume baked milk in the form of muffin for 6 months and then to consume baked cheese in the form of pizza for another 6 months. The control group were instructed to strictly avoid any milk products for 1 year. Skin prick test (SPT) and serum-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) levels (ImmunoCAP) of milk, casein, and beta-lactoglobulin were measured before and after the study. In addition, those in the case group who had satisfactorily tolerated baked products during the study as well as all the subjects in the control group underwent an OFC to evaluate unheated milk tolerance at the end of the study. RESULTS It was shown that by the end of the 1-year study period, 88.1% (37/42) of the patients in the case group and 66.7% (28/42) of those in control group had developed tolerance to unheated milk (P-value: 0.018). The results of milk-specific SPT and sIgE levels showed a significant decrease in the case group. Initial sIgE levels could not predict unheated milk tolerance in case and control groups. CONCLUSION Introducing baked milk products into the diet of patients with milk allergy can accelerate the tolerance of unheated milk in these patients. sIgE levels of milk, casein, and beta-lactoglobulin did not predict the tolerance of unheated milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Esmaeilzadeh
- Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Soheila Alyasin
- Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Haghighat
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hesamodin Nabavizadeh
- Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elmira Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Mosavat
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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25
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Topal E, Çeliksoy MH, Arga M, Kaynak MS, Duman Y, Demirtaş S, Alataş C, Tonbul H, Ökmen ZH, Dalkılıç HM. Independent predictive factors for the persistence and tolerance of cow's milk allergy. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2018; 9:67-71. [PMID: 30376614 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is usually transient, with most children tolerating ingested cow's milk by 3 years of age. This study aimed to determine factors that promote or hindering the development of tolerance to CMPA. METHODS A logistic regression model was used to determine independent risk factors associated with tolerance and persistence of CMPA. RESULT A total of 178 children diagnosed with CMPA were included in the study. The patients' median age was 32 months (minimum-maximum, 14 to 144 months), and their median follow-up period was 30 months (minimum-maximum, 12 to 54 months). In the follow-up, CMPA persisted in 62 (34.8%) patients. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to patient's age. Group I was <3 years old and group II was ≥3 years old. The factors independently associated with the persistence of CMPA for group I were as follows: comorbid food allergies (p = 0.021), the presence of an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated reaction (p = 0.001), and respiratory system symptoms (ie, tachypnea) (p = 0.036). The presence of gastrointestinal-related discomfort (p = 0.001) was an independent risk factor associated with the development of tolerance. The presence of comorbid food allergies (p = 0.03) was the only independent predictive factor for CMPA persistence for group II. CONCLUSION The prognosis in cases of CMPA, a food allergy, is good, with tolerance developing over time. The presence of IgE-mediated CMPA, respiratory-related symptoms (ie, tachypnea), and the presence of comorbid food allergies have negative effects on tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Topal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Halil Çeliksoy
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, GOP Taksim Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Arga
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Yücel Duman
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Semih Demirtaş
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Cem Alataş
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | | | - Zeynep Hazıroğlu Ökmen
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, GOP Taksim Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Huri Maral Dalkılıç
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
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26
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Ferguson AE, Fulkerson PC. Eosinophilic esophagitis: Time to classify into endotypes? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:71-72. [PMID: 29751005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Ferguson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Patricia C Fulkerson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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27
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Petersen TH, Mortz CG, Bindslev-Jensen C, Eller E. Cow's milk allergic children-Can component-resolved diagnostics predict duration and severity? Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2018; 29:194-199. [PMID: 29314279 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cow's milk allergy (CMA) affects 2% of all children. This study investigatescomponent-resolved diagnostics(CRD) to cow's milk proteins in children suspected of CMA, by correlating the level of CRD with outcome of the oral challenge. Furthermore, we evaluate the ability of serial CRD measurements to distinguish children with persistent CMA from children developing tolerance. METHODS We included data from 78 children referred to the Allergy Centre during a 13-year period. Results from oral food challenges including threshold, severity, and sensitization data (IgE antibodies to whole milk protein, IgE components toward milk and skin prick test (SPT)) were collected. The milk allergic children were re-evaluated with sensitization data and rechallenges regularly. RESULTS Thirty-nine children had negative first challenges, and 39 had positive first challenges. The positive group was rechallenged and separated into 3 groups depending on time to remission. At inclusion, children with persistent CMA had significantly larger size of SPT and higher levels of s-IgE to milk and CRD compared to the other groups. SPT wheal size was significantly larger in children with persistent CMA compared to children outgrowing CMA. Furthermore, a correlation between s-IgE level to cow's milk and casein and the severity of the allergic reaction elicited by food challenges was found. CONCLUSION Oral food challenge cannot be replaced by s-IgE to whole milk protein or milk components nor SPT in the diagnosis of CMA; however, high levels of milk components and s-IgE to milk increase the risk of a long-lasting or persisting CMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Houmann Petersen
- Department of Dermatology & Allergy Center, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Gotthard Mortz
- Department of Dermatology & Allergy Center, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Carsten Bindslev-Jensen
- Department of Dermatology & Allergy Center, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Esben Eller
- Department of Dermatology & Allergy Center, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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28
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Abstract
Milk and dairy products are major iodine sources in industrialized countries. However, consumption of milk and dairy, as well as their iodine concentrations, vary widely, making them an unpredictable iodine source. Milk iodine concentrations in industrialized countries range from 33 to 534 μg/L and are influenced by the iodine intake of dairy cows, goitrogen intake, milk yield, season, teat dipping with iodine-containing disinfectants, type of farming and processing. We estimate milk and dairy contribute ≈13-64% of the recommended daily iodine intake based on country-specific food intake data. To ensure adequate iodine levels but avoid the risk of iodine excess through milk and dairy, it is crucial to reduce the wide variations in milk iodine. If iodine intakes from iodized salt fall because of public health efforts to reduce salt intake, milk and dairy products may become increasingly important sources of dietary iodine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia L van der Reijden
- ETH Zurich, Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Michael B Zimmermann
- ETH Zurich, Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Valeria Galetti
- ETH Zurich, Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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29
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Tran MM, Lefebvre DL, Dai D, Dharma C, Subbarao P, Lou W, Azad MB, Becker AB, Mandhane PJ, Turvey SE, Sears MR. Timing of food introduction and development of food sensitization in a prospective birth cohort. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2017; 28:471-477. [PMID: 28557044 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of infant feeding practices on the development of food allergy remains controversial. We examined the relationship between timing and patterns of food introduction and sensitization to foods at age 1 year in the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) birth cohort study. METHODS Nutrition questionnaire data prospectively collected at age 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months were used to determine timing of introduction of cow's milk products, egg, and peanut. At age 1 year, infants underwent skin prick testing to cow's milk, egg white, and peanut. Logistic regression models were fitted to assess the impact of timing of food exposures on sensitization outcomes, and latent class analysis was used to study patterns of food introduction within the cohort. RESULTS Among 2124 children with sufficient data, delaying introduction of cow's milk products, egg, and peanut beyond the first year of life significantly increased the odds of sensitization to that food (cow's milk adjOR 3.69, 95% CI 1.37-9.08; egg adjOR 1.89, 95% CI 1.25-2.80; peanut adjOR 1.76, 95% CI 1.07-3.01). Latent class analysis produced a three-class model: early, usual, and delayed introduction. A pattern of delayed introduction, characterized by avoidance of egg and peanut during the first year of life, increased the odds of sensitization to any of the three tested foods (adjOR 1.78, 95% CI 1.26-2.49). CONCLUSIONS Avoidance of potentially allergenic foods during the first year of life significantly increased the odds of sensitization to the corresponding foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell M Tran
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Diana L Lefebvre
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - David Dai
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Padmaja Subbarao
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wendy Lou
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Meghan B Azad
- Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Allan B Becker
- Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Piush J Mandhane
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Malcolm R Sears
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Seppo AE, Savilahti EM, Berin MC, Sampson HA, Järvinen KM. Breast milk IgA to foods has different epitope specificity than serum IgA-Evidence for entero-mammary link for food-specific IgA? Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:1275-1284. [PMID: 28449395 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously shown that maternal cow's milk (CM) elimination results in downregulation of CM-specific IgA antibody levels in BM, but not in serum, suggesting that an entero-mammary link may exist for food-specific antibody-secreting cells. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate whether food-specific IgA epitope profiles differ intra-individually between mother's serum and BM. We also examined how infants' food epitope-specific IgA develops in early infancy and the relationship of IgA epitope recognition with development of cow's milk allergy (CMA). METHODS We measured specific IgA to a series of overlapping peptides in major CM allergens (αs1 -, αs2 -, β- and κ-caseins and β-lactoglobulin) in paired maternal and infant serum as well as BM samples in 31 mother-infant dyads within the first 15 post-partum months utilizing peptide microarray. RESULTS There was significant discordance in epitope specificity between BM and maternal sera ranging from only 13% of sample pairs sharing at least one epitope in αs1 -casein to 73% in κ-casein. Epitope-specific IgA was detectable in infants' sera starting at less than 3 months of age. Sera of mothers with a CMA infant had increased binding of epitope-specific IgA to CM proteins compared to those with a non-CMA infant. CONCLUSION & CLINICAL RELEVANCE These findings support the concept that mother's milk has a distinct antifood antibody repertoire when compared to the antibody repertoire of the peripheral blood. Increased binding of serum epitope-specific IgA to CM in mothers of infants with CMA may reflect inherited systemic immunogenicity of CM proteins in these families, although specific IgA in breast milk was not proportionally up-regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Seppo
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology & Center for Food Allergy, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - E M Savilahti
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M C Berin
- Division of Pediatric Allergy & Immunology and Jaffe Institute for Food Allergy, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - H A Sampson
- Division of Pediatric Allergy & Immunology and Jaffe Institute for Food Allergy, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - K M Järvinen
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology & Center for Food Allergy, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.,Division of Pediatric Allergy & Immunology and Jaffe Institute for Food Allergy, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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31
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Du Toit G, Foong RX, Lack G. The role of dietary interventions in the prevention of IgE-mediated food allergy in children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2017; 28:222-229. [PMID: 28258631 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 30 years, the prevalence of food allergy has been on the rise and remains a disease that can have a significant impact on the quality of life of children and their families. There are several hypotheses that have been suggested to account for the increasing prevalence, but this review will focus on the impact that dietary factors have on food allergy development. In the past food allergy, prevalence has largely focused on allergen avoidance; however, there is increasing evidence from interventional studies that have shown that early introduction to potential food allergens may have a beneficial role in allergy prevention. This review aims to look at the evidence in support of early introduction of allergens into infant diets to prevent against the development of food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Du Toit
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Department of Paediatric Allergy, King's College London, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ru-Xin Foong
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Department of Paediatric Allergy, King's College London, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Child Health, University College of London, London, UK
| | - Gideon Lack
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Department of Paediatric Allergy, King's College London, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Kimura M, Ito Y, Tokunaga F, Meguro T, Shimomura M, Morishita H, Seto S. Increased C-reactive protein and fever in Japanese infants with food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome. Pediatr Int 2016; 58:826-30. [PMID: 26824628 DOI: 10.1111/ped.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased C-reactive protein (CRP) and fever are observed in some infants with food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) in Japan, but the reproducibility of these findings has not yet been confirmed on oral food challenge (OFC). METHODS Fourteen infants with FPIES induced by cow's milk (CM) formula were enrolled. OFC using CM formula was performed on each infant once or repeatedly (total 18 tests), with a stepwise incremental protocol in an infection-controlled setting. CRP was measured 24 h after the last ingestion of the CM formula. RESULTS Increased CRP was observed in 11 of the 18 OFC conducted (median, 2.60 mg/dL; range, 0.22-4.84 mg/dL). Fever was induced in six occasions during OFC. Serum CRP in the patients with fever increased to median 3.76 mg/dL (range, <0.7-4.84 mg/dL), which was significantly higher than that of the patients without fever (median <0.1 mg/dL; range, <0.1-2.6 mg/dL; P < 0.001). CRP during OFC significantly correlated with that at disease onset (rs = 0.62, P < 0.02). Three of the four patients with fever at disease onset also had fever during OFC. CONCLUSIONS Increased CRP and fever are reproducible during OFC in some infants with FPIES, suggesting that these are not accidental phenomena, but instead are associated with FPIES itself in Japanese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuaki Kimura
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Yasunori Ito
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Fumika Tokunaga
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takaaki Meguro
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masaki Shimomura
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hideaki Morishita
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shiro Seto
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, Japan
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Kimura M, Shimomura M, Morishita H, Meguro T, Seto S. Serum C-reactive protein in food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome versus food protein-induced proctocolitis in Japan. Pediatr Int 2016; 58:836-41. [PMID: 27192160 DOI: 10.1111/ped.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some infants with food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) have increased serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and fever in Japan. The aim of this study was therefore to clarify and compare the incidence of this in patients with FPIES versus patients with food protein-induced proctocolitis (FPIP). METHODS One hundred and sixteen infants with non-IgE-mediated gastrointestinal food allergies were enrolled in this study and classified into three phenotypes: FPIES presenting with vomiting and/or diarrhea (n = 47); FPIP with bloody stool alone (n =19); and the mixed phenotype (MP), bloody stool with vomiting and/or diarrhea (n = 50). RESULTS Serum CRP was increased in 55.3% of the FPIES group, similar to that in the MP group (54.0%), and significantly higher than in the FPIP group (15.8%; P < 0.01). Fever was observed in 29.8% of the FPIES group, significantly higher than in the MP group (8.0%; P < 0.01) and in the FPIP group (0%; P < 0.05). Patients with fever had significantly higher serum CRP than patients without fever (median, 12.8 vs <0.2 mg/dL, P < 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS Serum CRP was significantly higher in the FPIES group than in the FPIP group. This suggests that serum CRP is a useful marker for differentiating the pathogenesis of FPIES from FPIP. From the perspective of serum CRP, the pathology of the intestinal inflammation in MP subjects is suggested to be similar to that of FPIES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuaki Kimura
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Masaki Shimomura
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hideaki Morishita
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takaaki Meguro
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shiro Seto
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, Japan
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Puppel K, Kuczyńska B, Nałęcz-Tarwacka T, Gołębiewski M, Sakowski T, Kapusta A, Budziński A, Balcerak M. Effect of supplementation of cows diet with linseed and fish oil and different variants of β-lactoglobulin on fatty acid composition and antioxidant capacity of milk. J Sci Food Agric 2016; 96:2240-2248. [PMID: 26174000 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the influence of polymorphic variants of β-lactoglobulin in cows supplemented with linseed and fish oil on the fatty acid composition and antioxidant capacity of milk. From the herd of 320 Polish Holstein Friesian cows three groups of cows were selected according to the variants of β-LG (β-LGAA, β-LGBB, β-LGAB). During the first 7 days (the initial period) all the cows were fed the same total mixed ration (TMR) diet. From day 8 to 28,150 g fish oil and 250 g linseed (FOL) was added to the TMR diet of each cow. RESULTS The results showed that the diet supplemented with FOL was effective in reducing atherogenic and thrombogenic indices. Introducing supplementation improved the antioxidant capacity: higher concentration of C18:2cis-9 trans-11, C20:5 n-3, C22:6 n-3, bioactive whey proteins and vitamin soluble in fat has been recorded. The results showed that β-LGAA was associated with lower levels of atherogenic and thrombogenic indices and higher concentration of C22:5 n-6, phospholipids and β-carotene. β-LGBB favours a higher content of C18:1trans-11, C18:2cis-9 trans-11 and lactoferrin. β-LGAB was associated with higher concentrations of C20:5 n-3, Lysozyme, α-retinol, α-tocopherol and total antioxidant status. CONCLUSION Modification of the diet of cows with fish oil and linseed significantly influenced fatty acid composition and antioxidant properties of milk. The effect of β-LG phenotype on the fatty acid composition and antioxidant capacity of milk is variable, which could partly be the result of a β-LG phenotype × diet interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Puppel
- Cattle Breeding Division, Animal Breeding & Production Department, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Kuczyńska
- Cattle Breeding Division, Animal Breeding & Production Department, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Teresa Nałęcz-Tarwacka
- Cattle Breeding Division, Animal Breeding & Production Department, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Gołębiewski
- Cattle Breeding Division, Animal Breeding & Production Department, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sakowski
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Science, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kapusta
- Cattle Breeding Division, Animal Breeding & Production Department, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Budziński
- Cattle Breeding Division, Animal Breeding & Production Department, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Balcerak
- Unit of Economics and Organisation of Animal Production, Animal Breeding & Production Department, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Hashimoto Y, Katsunuma Y, Nunokawa M, Minato H, Yonemochi C. Influence of repeated ochratoxin A ingestion on milk production and its carry-over into the milk, blood and tissues of lactating cows. Anim Sci J 2015; 87:541-6. [PMID: 26355279 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of repeated ingestion of ochratoxin A (OTA) on milk production of lactating Holstein cows over 28 days, and the carry-over of OTA from the diets into the milk and tissues of the cows. Nine cows were divided into three groups, labeled OTA5, OTA50 and OTA100, and fed a diet containing 5, 50 and 100 µg OTA/kg of dry matter, respectively. Body weight, feed intake and daily milk yield in cows were not different among the three groups during the OTA-intake period. OTA residues were neither detected in the tissues, such as liver, kidney, muscles, fat and jejunoileum, nor in the milk of any cows in the OTA intake groups. In contrast, a small amount of OTA (0.1 µg/kg) was detected in the blood plasma of one sample in the OTA50 group and multiple samples in the OTA100 group. The results of this study show that the ingestion of diets containing up to 100 µg/kg of OTA over 28 days does not affect feed intake or milk production of cows, and the dietary OTA is not carried over into milk and edible tissues such as the liver, muscles and fat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Katsunuma
- Japan Scientific Feeds Association, Tokyo, Japan
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Nucera E, Pecora V, Buonomo A, Rizzi A, Aruanno A, Pascolini L, Ricci AG, Di Rienzo A, Mezzacappa S, Ferraironi M, Patriarca G, Gasbarrini G, Schiavino D. Utility of Basophil Activation Test for monitoring the acquisition of clinical tolerance after oral desensitization to cow's milk: Pilot study. United European Gastroenterol J 2015; 3:272-6. [PMID: 26137302 DOI: 10.1177/2050640615570694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The quantification of basophil activation by flow cytometry is a useful tool for the assessment of immediate-type responses to food allergens and the prediction of clinical tolerance in food allergy patients. The aim of this study is to investigate how the analysis of allergen-induced CD63 up-regulation by flow cytometry can be effective in monitoring the acquisition of clinical tolerance by specific oral desensitization in food allergy. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine this topic. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three male patients affected by cow's milk allergy underwent successful oral desensitization to cow's milk. In order to monitor the acquired clinical tolerance that occurred after treatment, we performed laboratory tests for total and specific IgE, specific IgG4 and the Basophil Activation Test (BAT) both at baseline and at the end of the desensitization protocol. RESULTS Using a fluorescent enzyme immunoassay, the comparison of specific cow's milk antibodies before and after treatment showed a decrease of specific IgE levels, without reaching normal values, and an increase of specific IgG4 levels. A complete suppression of cow's milk proteins (α-lactoalbumin, β-lactoglobulin and casein) induced CD63 regulation was observed in all three reported cases. CONCLUSIONS Using flow cytometry, food allergen-specific basophil responses could be monitored in order to identify an acquired tolerance induced by desensitization treatment. Although further studies are needed to develop this important new topic, it was interesting to note that the BAT seemed to be more sensitive and characterized by a close correlation with clinical tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Nucera
- Allergy Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Policlinico A Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Pecora
- Allergy Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Policlinico A Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Buonomo
- Allergy Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Policlinico A Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Rizzi
- Allergy Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Policlinico A Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Aruanno
- Allergy Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Policlinico A Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucilla Pascolini
- Allergy Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Policlinico A Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna G Ricci
- Allergy Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Policlinico A Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Di Rienzo
- Allergy Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Policlinico A Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Mezzacappa
- Allergy Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Policlinico A Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Ferraironi
- Allergy Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Policlinico A Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Giampiero Patriarca
- Allergy Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Policlinico A Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gasbarrini
- Internal Medicine Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Policlinico A Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Schiavino
- Allergy Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Policlinico A Gemelli, Rome, Italy
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Arenas R, González L, Sacristán N, Tornadijo ME, Fresno JM. Compositional and biochemical changes in Genestoso cheese, a Spanish raw cow's milk variety, during ripening. J Sci Food Agric 2015; 95:851-859. [PMID: 25410683 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physicochemical characteristics, proteolysis and lipolysis were studied throughout the ripening of eight batches of a traditional Spanish variety made from raw cow's milk, in order to establish a basis for its industrial production. RESULTS The main compositional characteristics of this cheese after 60 days of ripening were its high proportion of total solids (TS; 752 g kg⁻¹ of cheese), an average content of protein (452.8 g kg⁻¹ TS) and fat (475.1 g kg⁻¹ TS) and the presence of residual lactose (12.5 g kg⁻¹ TS). Its pH value (4.04) was extremely low. Phosphorus (5.13 g kg⁻¹ TS) and sodium (8.29 g kg⁻¹ TS) were the most abundant mineral elements in cheese, whereas calcium levels (1.92 g kg⁻¹ TS) were very low. Proteolysis extension and depth were very low, which resulted in almost zero degradation of αs1- and β-casein. Fat acidity increased during ripening, reaching final values of 50.1 mg KOH kg⁻¹ of fat. The main free fatty acid was C16:0, followed by C18:1 and C14:0. CONCLUSION These results suggest that this variety undergoes a limited proteolysis and moderate lipolysis during ripening. The low pH, low calcium content and limited proteolysis led to a crumbly texture in this cheese variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Arenas
- Departamento de Higiene y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain
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Costa MP, Balthazar CF, Rodrigues BL, Lazaro CA, Silva ACO, Cruz AG, Conte Junior CA. Determination of biogenic amines by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD) in probiotic cow's and goat's fermented milks and acceptance. Food Sci Nutr 2015; 3:172-8. [PMID: 25987991 PMCID: PMC4431784 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the presence of biogenic amines in fermented cow's and goat's milks containing probiotic bacteria, during the first 10 days of chilled storage (4 ± 2°C), when the probiotic strains are most viable. The overall acceptance of both fermented milks, produced using the same starter culture and probiotics, was tested. In both products, the initially high levels of tyramine (560 mg kg−1 means for both fermented milks), the predominant biogenic amine, increased during the storage period, which may be considered this amine as a quality index for fermented milks. The other principal biogenic amines (putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, and spermidine) were produced on days 1–5 of storage, and thereafter decreased. At the end of the 10th day, these amines, respectively, showed values of fermented cow's milk 20.26, 29.09, 17.97, and 82.07 mg kg−1; and values of fermented goat's milk 22.92, 29.09, 34.85, and 53.85 mg kg−1, in fermented cow's and goat's milk. Fermented cow's milk was well accepted compared to fermented goat's milk. The results suggested that the content of biogenic amines may be a criterion for selecting lactic acid bacteria used to produce fermented milks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion P Costa
- Department of Food Technology, Universidade Federal Fluminense Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Celso F Balthazar
- Department of Food Technology, Universidade Federal Fluminense Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruna L Rodrigues
- Department of Food Technology, Universidade Federal Fluminense Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cesar A Lazaro
- Department of Animal Health and Public Health, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Lima, Peru
| | - Adriana C O Silva
- Department of Food Technology, Universidade Federal Fluminense Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriano G Cruz
- Master in Food and Science Program, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Conte Junior
- Department of Food Technology, Universidade Federal Fluminense Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Järvinen KM, Westfall JE, Seppo MS, James AK, Tsuang AJ, Feustel PJ, Sampson HA, Berin C. Role of maternal elimination diets and human milk IgA in the development of cow's milk allergy in the infants. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 44:69-78. [PMID: 24164317 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of maternal avoidance diets in the prevention of food allergies is currently under debate. Little is known regarding the effects of such diets on human milk (HM) composition or induction of infant humoral responses. OBJECTIVE To assess the association of maternal cow's milk (CM) avoidance during breastfeeding with specific IgA levels in HM and development of cow's milk allergy (CMA) in infants. METHODS We utilized HM and infant serum samples from a prospective birth cohort of 145 dyads. Maternal serum and HM samples were assessed for casein and beta-lactoglobulin (BLG)-specific IgA and IgG by ELISA; 21 mothers prophylactically initiated a strict maternal CM avoidance diet due to a sibling's history of food allergy and 16 due to atopic eczema or regurgitation/vomiting seen in their infants within the first 3 months of life. Infants' sera were assessed for casein and BLG-specific IgG, IgA and IgE; CMA was confirmed by an oral food challenge. The impact of HM on BLG uptake was assessed in transcytosis assays utilizing Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cell line. RESULTS Mothers avoiding CM had lower casein- and BLG-specific IgA in HM than mothers with no CM restriction (P = 0.019 and P = 0.047). Their infants had lower serum casein- and BLG-specific IgG(1) (P = 0.025 and P < 0.001) and BLG-specific IgG(4) levels (P = 0.037), and their casein- and BLG-specific IgA levels were less often detectable than those with no CM elimination diet (P = 0.003 and P = 0.007). Lower CM-specific IgG4 and IgA levels in turn were associated with infant CMA. Transcytosis of BLG was impaired by HM with high, but not low levels of specific IgA. CONCLUSIONS Maternal CM avoidance was associated with lower levels of mucosal-specific IgA levels and the development of CMA in infants. CLINICAL RELEVANCE HM IgA may play a role in preventing excessive, uncontrolled food antigen uptake in the gut lumen and thereby in the prevention of CMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Järvinen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology & Center for Immunology and Microbial Diseases, Albany Medical College, Albany; Division of Pediatric Allergy & Immunology and Jaffe Institute for Food Allergy, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
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Puppel K, Kuczyńska B, Nałęcz-Tarwacka T, Sakowski T, Gołębiewski M, Kunowska-Slósarz M, Budziński A, Grodzki H. Effect of fish oil and linseed supplementation on the protein composition of milk from cows with different β-lactoglobulin phenotypes. J Sci Food Agric 2014; 94:1253-1257. [PMID: 24114737 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to determine the impact of fish oil and linseed (FOL) supplements on the protein fraction levels of milk from cows with different phenotypes of β-lactoglobulin. RESULTS After 21 days of supplementation the study showed significantly higher concentrations of whey proteins, especially lysozyme (144% increase) and lactoferrin (45.5% increase), compared with milk from control cows (total mixed ration with no supplemented FOL). A reverse trend was demonstrated for casein, casein index and casein number (lower level). The most favourable change (higher level), in terms of lactoferrin, α-lactalbumin and bovine serum albumin contents in milk, was recorded in cows with the BB variant of β-lactoglobulin. The highest level of lysozyme was recorded in the milk of cows with the AB variant of β-lactoglobulin. CONCLUSION The combined supplementation of fish oil and linseed had a positive impact on whey proteins in cow's milk. In addition, the phenotype of β-lactoglobulin also played a role in milk protein composition. There is therefore a clear indication that nutritional experiments should take into account not only food supplements but also the genetic variants of β-lactoglobulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Puppel
- Cattle Breeding Division, Department of Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Walton J, Flynn A. Nutritional adequacy of diets containing growing up milks or unfortified cow's milk in Irish children (aged 12-24 months). Food Nutr Res 2013; 57:21836. [PMID: 24319407 PMCID: PMC3849623 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v57i0.21836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing up milks (GUM) are milk-based drinks with added vitamins and minerals intended for children aged 12-36 months. Few data are available on the consumption of GUM and their role in the diets of young children. OBJECTIVE To determine the nutritional adequacy of two groups of 12-24-month-old Irish children by type of milk consumption (consumers or non-consumers of GUM). DESIGN Using data from a cross-sectional study of Irish children, the National Pre-School Nutrition Survey (2010-2011), two groups of children were defined. The groups included children aged 12-24 months with an average daily total milk intake of at least 300 g and consuming GUM (≥100 g/day) together with cow's milk (n=29) or cow's milk only (n=56). RESULTS While average total daily energy intakes were similar in both consumers and non-consumers of GUM, intakes of protein, saturated fat, and vitamin B12 were lower and intakes of carbohydrate, dietary fibre, iron, zinc, vitamins C and D were higher in consumers of GUM. These differences in nutrient intakes are largely attributable to the differences in composition between GUM and cow's milk. For both consumers and non-consumers of GUM, intakes of carbohydrate and fat were generally in line with recommendations while intakes of protein, dietary fibre and most micronutrients were adequate. For children consuming cow's milk only, high proportions had inadequate intakes of iron and vitamin D; however, these proportions were much lower in consumers of GUM. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of GUM reduced the risk of inadequacies of iron and vitamin D, two nutrients frequently lacking in the diets of young children consuming unfortified cow's milk only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette Walton
- School of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Pilarczyk R, Wójcik J, Czerniak P, Sablik P, Pilarczyk B, Tomza-Marciniak A. Concentrations of toxic heavy metals and trace elements in raw milk of Simmental and Holstein-Friesian cows from organic farm. Environ Monit Assess 2013; 185:8383-8392. [PMID: 23572404 PMCID: PMC3759731 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-013-3180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of toxic heavy metals (cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb)) and major nutritional and trace elements (Ca, Mg, P, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, Zn) were analyzed in the milk of Simmental (n = 20) and Holstein-Friesian (n = 20) cows from an organic farm. Elements were determined using inductively coupled plasma emission atomic spectrometry. The conducted research showed that the milk of Simmental cows was characterized by the more advantageous mineral composition and lower concentration of noxious heavy metals compared to the milk of Holstein-Friesian cows. In the milk of Simmental cows, significantly lower concentrations of Pb and Cd (P < 0.001) and Cu (P < 0.05) and significantly higher concentrations of Fe and Mg (P < 0.05) as well as nonsignificantly higher concentrations of Ca, Mn, and Se were found. In the milk of both breeds, very low Cu concentrations were recorded. The higher-than-recommended concentration of Pb in milk was also found. In the milk of both breeds, the significant positive correlations between concentrations of the following elements were observed: Pb-Cd, Pb-Se, Cd-Se, Cd-Mn, Zn-Cu, Zn-P, Ca-P, Ca-Mg, and Mg-P. The correlations between other elements within each of the analyzed breeds separately were also found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Pilarczyk
- Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Judyma 10 Street, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland.
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Ashtari F, Jamshidi F, Shoormasti RS, Pourpak Z, Akbari M. Cow's milk allergy in multiple sclerosis patients. J Res Med Sci 2013; 18:S62-5. [PMID: 23961290 PMCID: PMC3743324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to some environmental agent such as different nutrition and contact with allergens may have a role in developing multiple sclerosis (MS). The present study was aimed to evaluate the cow's milk allergy (CMA) in MS patients compared to healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between March 2012 and July 2012, 48 MS patients were selected and compared with 48 healthy subjectsto assess the frequency of CMA in MS patients compared to healthy control. Cow's milk specific immunoglobin E (IgE) was determined by Immuno CAP. Sex and the frequency of CMA were compared between study groups by Chi-square test. RESULTS Total of 96 subjects were assessed (22% male and 78% female). The mean age of the study subjects was 30.8 ± 6.6 years. Mean age of case and control groups was 30.7 (±6.9) versus 30.9 ± 6.3, respectively (P value = 0.83). There were no detection of cow's milk specific IgE in serum of MS patients and healthy subjects. CONCLUSION There was no difference between MS and healthy subjects regarding CMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Ashtari
- Department of Neurology, Isfahan Neuroscience Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Fereshteh Ashtari, Professor of Neurology Department of Neurology, Isfahan Neuroscience Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Fatemeh Jamshidi
- Department of Neurology, Isfahan Neuroscience Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Raheleh Shokouhi Shoormasti
- Department of Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Pourpak
- Department of Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Akbari
- Department of Neurology, Isfahan Neuroscience Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Abstract
A series of studies have reported a constant global rise in the incidence of type 1 diabetes. Epidemiological and immunological studies have demonstrated that environmental factors may influence the pathogenesis, leading to a cell-mediated pancreatic β-cell destruction associated with humoral immunity. The search for the triggering factor(s) has been going on for the past century, and yet they are still unknown. This review provides an overview of some of the most well-known theories found in the literature: hygiene, viral, vitamin D deficiency, breast milk and cow's milk hypotheses. Although the hygiene hypothesis appears to be the most promising, positive evidence from animal, human and epidemiological studies precludes us from completely discarding any of the other hypotheses. Moreover, due to contrasting evidence in the literature, a single factor is unlikely to cause an increase in the incidence of diabetes all over the world, which suggests that a multifactorial process might be involved. Although the immunological mechanisms are still unclear, there seems to be some overlap between the various hypotheses. It is thought that the emphasis should be shifted from a single to a multifactorial process and that perhaps the 'balance shift' model should be considered as a possible explanation for the rise in the incidence of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Maria Egro
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, 53 Arley Hill, Bristol BS6 5PJ, UK.
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Abstract
Aconite is one of the poisonous plants used therapeutically in practice of Ayurveda after proper treatment called as ‘Shodhana’. To determine the effect of Shodhana treatment on chronic toxicity and to assess the effect of recovery period after chronic toxicity of aconite. Raw aconite (RV), urine treated aconite (SM), and milk treated aconite (SD) were administered in 6.25 mg/kg dose in Charles Foster strain albino rats for 90 days for chronic toxicity. Six rats from each were kept for another 30 days without test drugs treatment to observe recovery from chronic toxicity. RV was found to be highly toxic in chronic exposure, SM had no apparent toxicity, but SD had mild toxicity in kidney. The toxicities of RV and SD were reversible, but sudden withdrawal of SM caused adverse effects, suggestive of tapering withdrawal. Shodhana treatments remove toxic effects from raw aconite. Chronic toxicity of aconite is reversible. Confirmed the arrangement of abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Sarkar
- Department of Rasashastra, J. B. Roy State Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the association of milk-IgE antibodies in serum to milk-related gastrointestinal symptoms in adults in primary care. DESIGN Open clinical study. SETTING Five outpatient clinics in primary care in Southern Finland. SUBJECTS A total of 756 subjects who reported milk-related gastrointestinal symptoms in primary care and as controls 101 subjects with no such symptoms. METHODS IgE values for specific food antigens were measured (Pharmacia CAP System) in a total of 857 subjects. All food screen-positive samples (>0.35 IU/l) were analysed further for IgE for untreated skimmed milk (milk-IgE) and for boiled milk. Those found positive for milk-IgE were invited for an open milk challenge test. RESULTS Some 5.4% (46/857) of all subjects had a positive IgE antibody screen for food antigens. Of those with a positive food screen, 28% (13/46) had milk-IgE antibodies comprising 1.5% of the total group screened. The prevalence of milk-IgE was not statistically different between those with milk-related symptoms and those with no such symptoms. IgE antibodies for boiled milk were rare. All specific IgE antibody levels were low. Bloating was the only observed symptom in milk challenge tests. CONCLUSION IgE antibodies to cow's milk were relatively rare in the adult population and were not indicative of milk protein allergy. The observed IgE levels were low and did not correlate with subjective milk-related symptoms. The measurement of milk-specific IgE in adults should be discouraged in outpatient clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Anthoni
- 1Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki
| | - Peter Elg
- 2Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tari Haahtela
- 2Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaija-Leena Kolho
- 1Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki
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Sadeharju K, Hämäläinen AM, Knip M, Lönnrot M, Koskela P, Virtanen SM, Ilonen J, Akerblom HK, Hyöty H. Enterovirus infections as a risk factor for type I diabetes: virus analyses in a dietary intervention trial. Clin Exp Immunol 2003; 132:271-7. [PMID: 12699416 PMCID: PMC1808709 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2003.02147.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2003] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the possible role of enterovirus infections in the pathogenesis of type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes in a prospective dietary intervention trial. Children participated in the second pilot of the Trial to Reduce IDDM in Genetically at Risk (TRIGR) project. They were randomized into two groups receiving either a casein hydrolysed formula (Nutramigen) or a regular formula, whenever breast milk was not available over the first 6-8 months of life. Altogether 19 children who turned positive for autoantibodies associated with type I diabetes by 2 years of age and 84 matched control children were analysed for enterovirus antibodies and enterovirus RNA in serum. Enterovirus infections were common during the first 2 years of life and more frequent among boys than girls (P = 0.02). Autoantibody-positive children had more enterovirus infections than autoantibody-negative children before the appearance of autoantibodies (0.83 versus 0.29 infection per child, P = 0.01). The average levels of IgG antibodies to echovirus antigen were also higher in autoantibody-positive than in autoantibody-negative children (P = 0.0009). No difference was found in the frequency of enterovirus infections between children receiving the casein hydrolysed formula or regular formula. These results suggest that enterovirus infections are associated with the induction of beta-cell autoimmunity in young children with increased genetic susceptibility to type I diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sadeharju
- JDRF Center for Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes in Finland, Department of Virology, University of Tampere Medical School and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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