1
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Rochman CM, Bucci K, Langenfeld D, McNamee R, Veneruzzo C, Covernton GA, Gao GHY, Ghosh M, Cable RN, Hermabessiere L, Lazcano R, Paterson MJ, Rennie MD, Rooney RC, Helm P, Duhaime MB, Hoellein T, Jeffries KM, Hoffman MJ, Orihel DM, Provencher JF. Informing the Exposure Landscape: The Fate of Microplastics in a Large Pelagic In-Lake Mesocosm Experiment. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:7998-8008. [PMID: 38629179 PMCID: PMC11080067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Understanding microplastic exposure and effects is critical to understanding risk. Here, we used large, in-lake closed-bottom mesocosms to investigate exposure and effects on pelagic freshwater ecosystems. This article provides details about the experimental design and results on the transport of microplastics and exposure to pelagic organisms. Our experiment included three polymers of microplastics (PE, PS, and PET) ranging in density and size. Nominal concentrations ranged from 0 to 29,240 microplastics per liter on a log scale. Mesocosms enclosed natural microbial, phytoplankton, and zooplankton communities and yellow perch (Perca flavescens). We quantified and characterized microplastics in the water column and in components of the food web (biofilm on the walls, zooplankton, and fish). The microplastics in the water stratified vertically according to size and density. After 10 weeks, about 1% of the microplastics added were in the water column, 0.4% attached to biofilm on the walls, 0.01% within zooplankton, and 0.0001% in fish. Visual observations suggest the remaining >98% were in a surface slick and on the bottom. Our study suggests organisms that feed at the surface and in the benthos are likely most at risk, and demonstrates the value of measuring exposure and transport to inform experimental designs and achieve target concentrations in different matrices within toxicity tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea M. Rochman
- Department
of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University
of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Kennedy Bucci
- Department
of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University
of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Desiree Langenfeld
- International
Institute for Sustainable Development Experimental Lakes Area, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 0T4, Canada
- Department
of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Rachel McNamee
- Biology
Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Cody Veneruzzo
- Department
of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Garth A. Covernton
- Department
of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University
of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Gloria H. Y. Gao
- Department
of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University
of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Mira Ghosh
- Department
of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University
of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Rachel N. Cable
- Department
of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ludovic Hermabessiere
- Department
of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University
of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Raul Lazcano
- Department
of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Michael J. Paterson
- International
Institute for Sustainable Development Experimental Lakes Area, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 0T4, Canada
- Department
of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Michael D. Rennie
- International
Institute for Sustainable Development Experimental Lakes Area, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 0T4, Canada
- Department
of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Rebecca C. Rooney
- Biology
Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Paul Helm
- Environmental
Monitoring and Reporting Branch, Ontario
Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, 125 Resources Road, Toronto, Ontario M9P 3 V6, Canada
| | - Melissa B. Duhaime
- Department
of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Timothy Hoellein
- Department
of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Kenneth M. Jeffries
- Department
of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Matthew J. Hoffman
- School
of Mathematics and Statistics, Rochester
Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
| | - Diane M. Orihel
- Department
of Biology and School of Environmental Studies, Queen’s University; Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jennifer F. Provencher
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa K1A 0H3, Canada
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2
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Antunes AC, Berti E, Brose U, Hirt MR, Karger DN, O'Connor LMJ, Pollock LJ, Thuiller W, Gauzens B. Linking biodiversity, ecosystem function, and Nature's contributions to people: a macroecological energy flux perspective. Trends Ecol Evol 2024; 39:427-434. [PMID: 38310065 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
At macroecological scales, the provision of Nature's contributions to people (NCP) is mostly estimated with biophysical information, ignoring the ecological processes underlying them. This hinders our ability to properly quantify the impact of declining biodiversity and the provision of NCP. Here, we propose a framework that combines local-scale food web energy flux approaches and large-scale biodiversity models to evaluate ecosystem functions and flux-related NCP at extensive spatiotemporal scales. Importantly, this approach has the potential to upscale ecosystem functions, assess the vulnerability of flux-related NCP to the climate crisis, and support the development of multiscale mitigation policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Antunes
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany; EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Emilio Berti
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany; EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brose
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany; EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Myriam R Hirt
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany; EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk N Karger
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Louise M J O'Connor
- University of Grenoble Alpes, University of Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Laura J Pollock
- Biology Department, McGill University, 1205 Docteur Penfield, Montréal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- University of Grenoble Alpes, University of Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Benoit Gauzens
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany; EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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3
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Wei LN, Wu NN, Xu R, Liu S, Li HX, Lin L, Hou R, Xu XR, Zhao JL, Ying GG. First Evidence of the Bioaccumulation and Trophic Transfer of Tire Additives and Their Transformation Products in an Estuarine Food Web. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:6370-6380. [PMID: 38497719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The discovery of the significant lethal impacts of the tire additive transformation product N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6PPD-Q) on coho salmon has garnered global attention. However, the bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of tire additives and their transformation products (TATPs) within food webs remain obscure. This study first characterized the levels and compositions of 15 TATPs in the Pearl River Estuary, estimated their bioaccumulation and trophic transfer potential in 21 estuarine species, and identified priority contaminants. Our observations indicated that TATPs were prevalent in the estuarine environment. Eight, six, seven, and 10 TATPs were first quantified in the shrimp, sea cucumber, snail, and fish samples, with total mean levels of 45, 56, 64, and 67 ng/g (wet weight), respectively. N,N'-Diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD) and N,N'-bis(2-methylphenyl)-1,4-benzenediamine (DTPD) exhibited high bioaccumulation. Significant biodilution was only identified for benzothiazole, while DPPD and DTPD displayed biomagnification trends based on Monte Carlo simulations. The mechanisms of bioaccumulation and trophodynamics of TATPs could be explained by their chemical hydrophobicity, molecular mass, and metabolic rates. Based on a multicriteria scoring technique, DPPD, DTPD, and 6PPD-Q were characterized as priority contaminants. This work emphasizes the importance of biomonitoring, particularly for specific hydrophobic tire additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ni Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Nian-Nian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ru Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Heng-Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Lang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Rui Hou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Jian-Liang Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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4
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Song C, Spaak JW. Trophic tug-of-war: Coexistence mechanisms within and across trophic levels. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14409. [PMID: 38590122 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Ecological communities encompass rich diversity across multiple trophic levels. While modern coexistence theory has been widely applied to understand community assembly, its traditional formalism only allows assembly within a single trophic level. Here, using an expanded definition of niche and fitness differences applicable to multitrophic communities, we study how diversity within and across trophic levels affects species coexistence. If each trophic level is analysed separately, both lower- and higher trophic levels are governed by the same coexistence mechanisms. In contrast, if the multitrophic community is analysed as a whole, different trophic levels are governed by different coexistence mechanisms: coexistence at lower trophic levels is predominantly limited by fitness differences, whereas coexistence at higher trophic levels is predominantly limited by niche differences. This dichotomy in coexistence mechanisms is supported by theoretical derivations, simulations of phenomenological and trait-based models, and a case study of a primeval forest ecosystem. Our work provides a general and testable prediction of coexistence mechanism operating in multitrophic communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuliang Song
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jurg W Spaak
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
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5
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Cirtwill AR, Åkesson A, Wootton KL, Eklöf A. Species motif participation provides unique information about species risk of extinction. J Anim Ecol 2024. [PMID: 38556748 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Loss of species in food webs can set in motion a cascade of additional (secondary) extinctions. A species' position in a food web (e.g. its trophic level or number of interactions) is known to affect its ability to persist following disturbance. These simple measures, however, offer only a coarse description of how species fit into their community. One would therefore expect that more detailed structural measures such as participation in three-species motifs (meso-scale structures which provide information on a species' direct and indirect interactions) will also be related to probability of persistence. Disturbances affecting the basal resources have particularly strong effects on the rest of the food web. However, how disturbances branch out and affect consumer persistence depends on the structural pattern of species interactions in several steps. The magnitude, for example, the proportion of basal resources lost, will likely also affect the outcome. Here, we analyse whether a consumer's risk of secondary extinction after the removal of basal resources depends on the consumer's motif participation and how this relationship varies with the severity of disturbance. We show that consumer species which participate more frequently in the direct competition motif and less frequently in the omnivory motif generally have higher probability of persistence following disturbance to basal resources. However, both the strength of the disturbance and the overall network structure (i.e. connectance) affect the strength and direction of relationships between motif participation and persistence. Motif participation therefore captures important trends in species persistence and provides a rich description of species' structural roles in their communities, but must be considered in the context of network structure as a whole and of the specific disturbance applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa R Cirtwill
- Spatial Foodweb Ecology Group, Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Åkesson
- Department of Theoretical Biology, Chemistry, and Physics, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Kate L Wootton
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Anna Eklöf
- Department of Theoretical Biology, Chemistry, and Physics, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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6
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Muñoz-Lechuga R, Lino PG, González-Ortegón E. Interspecific, ontogenetic and temporal variations in stable isotopes of small tuna species in the northeast Atlantic Ocean. Isotopes Environ Health Stud 2024; 60:13-31. [PMID: 38127307 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2023.2289956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In order to study the trophic level of small tuna species and their contribution to the carbon flow in pelagic food webs, an analysis of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes was carried out. The investigation was focused on four small tuna species (Auxis rochei, Auxis thazard, Euthynnus alletteratus and Sarda sarda) commonly harvested in the northeast Atlantic Ocean. The isotope analysis showed how the results for S. sarda are different from the rest of the species analysed, with a higher trophic level, similar to other major tuna species. The greatest niche overlap in δ13C and δ15N occurs among A. rochei, A. thazard and E. alletteratus. Auxis rochei and E. alletteratus showed a size-dependent variability in δ15N, and in δ13C for S. sarda. The small tuna S. sarda exhibits the highest migration rates among various geographical areas in comparison to other small pelagic tunas, and the seasonal variability of isotope values in the area studied can be attributed to the incorporation of larger individuals with a higher lipid content. The results of this work provide new information on the ecological role played by small tuna in food webs, which is more complex and varied than currently thought. This knowledge is essential for a more effective management of fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Muñoz-Lechuga
- Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere (IPMA), Olhão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Pedro G Lino
- Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere (IPMA), Olhão, Portugal
| | - Enrique González-Ortegón
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICMAN-CSIC), Puerto Real, Spain
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7
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Allen DC, Larson J, Murphy CA, Garcia EA, Anderson KE, Busch MH, Argerich A, Belskis AM, Higgins KT, Penaluna BE, Saenz V, Jones J, Whiles MR. Global patterns of allochthony in stream-riparian meta-ecosystems. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14401. [PMID: 38468439 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Ecosystems that are coupled by reciprocal flows of energy and nutrient subsidies can be viewed as a single "meta-ecosystem." Despite these connections, the reciprocal flow of subsidies is greatly asymmetrical and seasonally pulsed. Here, we synthesize existing literature on stream-riparian meta-ecosystems to quantify global patterns of the amount of subsidy consumption by organisms, known as "allochthony." These resource flows are important since they can comprise a large portion of consumer diets, but can be disrupted by human modification of streams and riparian zones. Despite asymmetrical subsidy flows, we found stream and riparian consumer allochthony to be equivalent. Although both fish and stream invertebrates rely on seasonally pulsed allochthonous resources, we find allochthony varies seasonally only for fish, being nearly three times greater during the summer and fall than during the winter and spring. We also find that consumer allochthony varies with feeding traits for aquatic invertebrates, fish, and terrestrial arthropods, but not for terrestrial vertebrates. Finally, we find that allochthony varies by climate for aquatic invertebrates, being nearly twice as great in arid climates than in tropical climates, but not for fish. These findings are critical to understanding the consequences of global change, as ecosystem connections are being increasingly disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Allen
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James Larson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, La Crosse, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Christina A Murphy
- U.S. Geological Survey, Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Erica A Garcia
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northwest Territories, Australia
| | - Kurt E Anderson
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Michelle H Busch
- Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Alba Argerich
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Alice M Belskis
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kierstyn T Higgins
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Veronica Saenz
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jay Jones
- Institute of Arctic Biology and Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - Matt R Whiles
- Soil, Water, and Ecosystems Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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8
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Piccoli GCDO, Antiqueira PAP, Srivastava DS, Romero GQ. Trophic cascades within and across ecosystems: The role of anti-predatory defences, predator type and detritus quality. J Anim Ecol 2024. [PMID: 38404168 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Species in one ecosystem can indirectly affect multiple biodiversity components and ecosystem functions of adjacent ecosystems. The magnitude of these cross-ecosystem effects depends on the attributes of the organisms involved in the interactions, including traits of the predator, prey and basal resource. However, it is unclear how predators with cross-ecosystem habitat interact with predators with single-ecosystem habitat to affect their shared ecosystem. Also, unknown is how such complex top-down effects may be mediated by the anti-predatory traits of prey and quality of the basal resource. We used the aquatic invertebrate food webs in tank bromeliads as a model system to investigate these questions. We manipulated the presence of a strictly aquatic predator (damselfly larvae) and a predator with both terrestrial and aquatic habitats (spider), and examined effects on survival of prey (detritivores grouped by anti-predator defence), detrital decomposition (of two plant species differing in litter quality), nitrogen flux and host plant growth. To evaluate the direct and indirect effects each predator type on multiple detritivore groups and ultimately on multiple ecosystem processes, we used piecewise structural equation models. For each response variable, we isolated the contribution of different detritivore groups to overall effects by comparing alternate model formulations. Alone, damselfly larvae and spiders each directly decreased survival of detritivores and caused multiple indirect negative effects on detritus decomposition, nutrient cycling and host plant growth. However, when predators co-occurred, the spider caused a negative non-consumptive effect on the damselfly larva, diminishing the net direct and indirect top-down effects on the aquatic detritivore community and ecosystem functioning. Both detritivore traits and detritus quality modulated the strength and mechanism of these trophic cascades. Predator interference was mediated by undefended or partially defended detritivores as detritivores with anti-predatory defences evaded consumption by damselfly larvae but not spiders. Predators and detritivores affected ecosystem decomposition and nutrient cycling only in the presence of high-quality detritus, as the low-quality detritus was consumed more by microbes than invertebrates. The complex responses of this system to predators from both recipient and adjacent ecosystems highlight the critical role of maintaining biodiversity components across multiple ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Cauê de O Piccoli
- Laboratório de Interações Multitróficas e Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biologia (IB), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Pablo Augusto P Antiqueira
- Laboratório de Interações Multitróficas e Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biologia (IB), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Diane S Srivastava
- Department of Zoology & Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gustavo Q Romero
- Laboratório de Interações Multitróficas e Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biologia (IB), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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9
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Steinkopf M, Krumme U, Schulz‐Bull D, Wodarg D, Loick‐Wilde N. Trophic lengthening triggered by filamentous, N 2-fixing cyanobacteria disrupts pelagic but not benthic food webs in a large estuarine ecosystem. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11048. [PMID: 38380063 PMCID: PMC10877452 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Eutrophication, increased temperatures and stratification can lead to massive, filamentous, N2-fixing cyanobacterial (FNC) blooms in coastal ecosystems with largely unresolved consequences for the mass and energy supply in food webs. Mesozooplankton adapt to not top-down controlled FNC blooms by switching diets from phytoplankton to microzooplankton, resulting in a directly quantifiable increase in its trophic position (TP) from 2.0 to as high as 3.0. If this process in mesozooplankton, we call trophic lengthening, was transferred to higher trophic levels of a food web, a loss of energy could result in massive declines of fish biomass. We used compound-specific nitrogen stable isotope data of amino acids (CSIA) to estimate and compare the nitrogen (N) sources and TPs of cod and flounder from FNC bloom influence areas (central Baltic Sea) and areas without it (western Baltic Sea). We tested if FNC-triggered trophic lengthening in mesozooplankton is carried over to fish. The TP of cod from the western Baltic (4.1 ± 0.5), feeding mainly on decapods, was equal to reference values. Only cod from the central Baltic, mainly feeding on zooplanktivorous pelagics, had a significantly higher TP (4.6 ± 0.4), indicating a strong carry-over effect trophic lengthening from mesozooplankton. In contrast, the TP of molluscivorous flounder, associated with the benthic food web, was unaffected by trophic lengthening and quite similar reference values of 3.2 ± 0.2 in both areas. This suggests that FNC blooms lead to a large loss of energy in zooplanktivorous but not in molluscivorous mesopredators. If FNC blooms continue to trigger the detour of energy at the base of the pelagic food web due to a massive heterotrophic microbial system, the TP of cod will not return to lower TP values and the fish stock not recover. Monitoring the TP of key species can identify fundamental changes in ecosystems and provide information for resource management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Steinkopf
- Department of Biological OceanographyLeibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research WarnemuendeRostockGermany
| | - Uwe Krumme
- Thünen Institute of Baltic Sea FisheriesRostockGermany
| | - Detlef Schulz‐Bull
- Department of Marine ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research WarnemuendeRostockGermany
| | - Dirk Wodarg
- Department of Marine ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research WarnemuendeRostockGermany
| | - Natalie Loick‐Wilde
- Department of Biological OceanographyLeibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research WarnemuendeRostockGermany
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10
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Berezina NA, Terentjev PM, Zubova EM, Tsurikov SM, Maximov AA, Sharov AN. Seasonal Diet Changes and Trophic Links of Cold-Water Fish ( Coregonus albula) within a Northern Lake Ecosystem. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:394. [PMID: 38338037 PMCID: PMC10854978 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The seasonal feeding patterns of the cold-adapted fish, Coregonus albula, are poorly studied in high-latitude lakes but could provide insight for predicting the effects of global warming. We examined vendace's diet composition, traced the carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios from producers to consumers in the food web, and estimated vendace's trophic position in a subarctic lake (the White Sea basin). Results showed the vendace to be a typical euryphagous fish, but clear seasonal differences were found in the relative importance of plankton and benthos in the diet. The vendace consumed primarily benthic amphipods in the summer, planktonic cladocerans in the autumn, and copepods in the winter-spring (under ice); larvae of aquatic insects were the second-most important food items throughout the year. Because of the substantial proportion of fish embryos in its diet, the vendace had a trophic position similar to that of a predatory fish (perch). The Bayesian food source-mixing model revealed that the majority of vendace energy derives from planktonic copepods. The dominant Cyclops had the lowest carbon isotope values, suggesting a carbon-depleted diet typical for methanotrophic bacteria, as its probable food source was in a lake under ice. Understanding the feeding patterns of vendace provides information to better predict the potential biotic effects of environmental change on lake ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda A. Berezina
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Piotr M. Terentjev
- Subdivision of the Federal Research Center “Kola Science Center”, Institute of North Industrial Ecology Problems, 184209 Apatity, Russia; (P.M.T.)
| | - Elena M. Zubova
- Subdivision of the Federal Research Center “Kola Science Center”, Institute of North Industrial Ecology Problems, 184209 Apatity, Russia; (P.M.T.)
| | - Sergey M. Tsurikov
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexey A. Maximov
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey N. Sharov
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, 152742 Borok, Russia;
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11
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Jiang JJ, Zhao YJ, Guo Y, Gao L, Richards CL, Siemann E, Wu J, Li B, Ju RT. Restoration of native saltmarshes can reverse arthropod assemblages and trophic interactions changed by a plant invasion. Ecol Appl 2024; 34:e2740. [PMID: 36102220 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant invasions profoundly impact both natural and managed ecosystems, and removal of the invasive plants addresses only part of the problem of restoring impacted areas. The rehabilitation of diverse communities and their ecosystem functions following removal of invasive plants is an important goal of ecological restoration. Arthropod assemblages and trophic interactions are important indicators of the success of restoration, but they have largely been overlooked in saltmarshes. We determined how arthropod assemblages and trophic interactions changed with the invasion of the exotic plant Spartina alterniflora and with the restoration of the native plant Phragmites australis following Spartina removal in a Chinese saltmarsh. We investigated multiple biotic and abiotic variables to gain insight into the factors underlying the changes in arthropod assemblages and trophic structure. We found that although Spartina invasion had changed arthropod diversity, community structure, feeding-guild composition, and the diets of arthropod natural enemies in the saltmarsh, these changes could be reversed by the restoration of native Phragmites vegetation following removal of the invader. The variation in arthropod assemblages and trophic structure were critically associated with four biotic and abiotic variables (aboveground biomass, plant density, leaf N, and soil salinity). Our findings demonstrate the positive effects of controlling invasive plants on biodiversity and nutrient cycling and provide a foundation for assessing the efficacy of ecological restoration projects in saltmarshes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jia Jiang
- National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Jie Zhao
- National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaolin Guo
- National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Shanghai Academy of Landscape Architecture Science and Planning, Shanghai, China
| | - Christina L Richards
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Evan Siemann
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jihua Wu
- National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, Yunnan University, Chenggong, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Rui-Ting Ju
- National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Khanongnuch R, Mangayil R, Rissanen AJ. Conversion of methane to organic acids is a widely found trait among gammaproteobacterial methanotrophs of freshwater lake and pond ecosystems. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0174223. [PMID: 37861333 PMCID: PMC10715148 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01742-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Aerobic gammaproteobacterial methanotrophic bacteria (gMOB) play an important role in reducing methane emissions from freshwater ecosystems. In hypoxic conditions prevalent near oxic-anoxic interfaces, gMOB potentially shift their metabolism to fermentation, resulting in the conversion of methane to extracellular organic acids, which would serve as substrates for non-methanotrophic microbes. We intended to assess the prevalence of fermentation traits among freshwater gMOB. Therefore, we isolated two strains representing relevant freshwater gMOB genera, i.e., Methylovulum and Methylomonas, from boreal lakes, experimentally showed that they convert methane to organic acids and demonstrated via metagenomics that the fermentation potential is widely dispersed among lake and pond representatives of these genera. Combined with our recent study showing coherent results from another relevant freshwater gMOB genus, i.e., Methylobacter, we conclude that the conversion of methane to organic acids is a widely found trait among freshwater gMOB, highlighting their role as pivotal mediators of methane carbon into microbial food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramita Khanongnuch
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Rahul Mangayil
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Antti Juhani Rissanen
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Helsinki, Finland
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13
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Hall LA, Woo I, Marvin-DiPasquale M, Takekawa JY, Krabbenhoft DP, Yee D, Grenier L, De La Cruz SEW. Linking Mesoscale Spatial Variation in Methylmercury Production to Bioaccumulation in Tidal Marsh Food Webs. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:19263-19273. [PMID: 37956992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Differences in sediment biogeochemistry among tidal marsh features with different hydrological and geomorphological characteristics, including marsh interiors, marsh edges, first-order channels, and third-order channels, can result in spatial variation in MeHg production and availability. To better understand the link between MeHg production in sediments and bioaccumulation in primary and secondary consumer invertebrates and fish, we characterized mesoscale spatial variation in sediment biogeochemistry and MeHg concentrations of sediments, water, and consumer tissues among marsh features. Our results indicated that marsh interiors had biogeochemical conditions, including greater concentrations of organic matter and sulfate reduction rates, that resulted in greater MeHg concentrations in sediments and surface water particulates from marsh interiors compared to other features. Tissue MeHg concentrations of consumers also differed among features, with greater concentrations from marsh edges and interiors compared to channels. This spatial mismatch of MeHg concentrations in sediments and water compared to those in consumers may have resulted from differences in behavior and physiology among consumers that influenced the spatial scale over which MeHg was integrated into tissues. Our results highlight the importance of sampling across a suite of marsh features and considering the behavioral and physiological traits of sentinel taxa for contaminant monitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie A Hall
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Station, NASA Research Park Bldg. 19, N. Akron Road, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
| | - Isa Woo
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Station, NASA Research Park Bldg. 19, N. Akron Road, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
| | - Mark Marvin-DiPasquale
- U.S. Geological Survey, Water Mission Area, Earth System Processes Division, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - John Y Takekawa
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Station, NASA Research Park Bldg. 19, N. Akron Road, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
| | - David P Krabbenhoft
- U.S. Geological Survey, Mercury Research Laboratory, 8505 Research Way, Middleton, Wisconsin 53562, United States
| | - Donald Yee
- San Francisco Estuary Institute, 4911 Central Avenue, Richmond, California 94804, United States
| | - Letitia Grenier
- San Francisco Estuary Institute, 4911 Central Avenue, Richmond, California 94804, United States
| | - Susan E W De La Cruz
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Station, NASA Research Park Bldg. 19, N. Akron Road, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
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14
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Gaüzère P, Botella C, Poggiato G, O'Connor L, Di Marco M, Dragonetti C, Maiorano L, Renaud J, Thuiller W. Dissimilarity of vertebrate trophic interactions reveals spatial uniqueness but functional redundancy across Europe. Curr Biol 2023; 33:5263-5271.e3. [PMID: 37992717 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Identifying areas that contain species assemblages not found elsewhere in a region is central to conservation planning.1,2 Species assemblages contain networks of species interactions that underpin species dynamics,3,4 ecosystem processes, and contributions to people.5,6,7 Yet the uniqueness of interaction networks in a regional context has rarely been assessed. Here, we estimated the spatial uniqueness of 10,000 terrestrial vertebrate trophic networks across Europe (1,164 species, 50,408 potential interactions8) based on the amount of similarity between all local networks mapped at a 10 km resolution. Our results revealed more unique networks in the Arctic bioregion, but also in southern Europe and isolated islands. We then contrasted the uniqueness of trophic networks with their vulnerability to human footprint and future climate change and measured their coverage within protected areas. This analysis revealed that unique networks situated in southern Europe were particularly exposed to human footprint and that unique networks in the Arctic might be at risk from future climate change. However, considering interaction networks at the level of trophic groups, rather than species, revealed that the general structure of trophic networks was redundant across the continent, in contrast to species' interactions. We argue that proactive European conservation strategies might gain relevance by turning their eyes toward interaction networks that are both unique and vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Gaüzère
- University of Grenoble Alpes, University of Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | | | - Giovanni Poggiato
- University of Grenoble Alpes, University of Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Louise O'Connor
- University of Grenoble Alpes, University of Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France; Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation Group, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Moreno Di Marco
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin," "Sapienza," University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Chiara Dragonetti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin," "Sapienza," University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin," "Sapienza," University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Julien Renaud
- University of Grenoble Alpes, University of Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- University of Grenoble Alpes, University of Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France
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15
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Tremblay-Gagnon F, Brown-Vuillemin S, Skanes K, Polaczek H, Walkusz W, Robert D, Deslauriers D. Spatiotemporal variability in diet composition of Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) from the eastern Canadian Arctic. J Fish Biol 2023; 103:1430-1444. [PMID: 37563757 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) sustain one of the most lucrative fisheries in the eastern Canadian Arctic and Labrador Sea. This species also plays an important role in food web connectivity and benthic-pelagic coupling. Despite the relatively rich knowledge of this species, R. hippoglossoides ecology in these specific areas remains poorly understood. The main aim of this study was to characterize the diet of this deepwater fish in the Labrador Sea and Davis and Hudson Straits and characterize the predator-prey relationship with northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis), another commercially important species in the region. Stomach contents analyses were conducted on 1199 fish captured from 2018 to 2020. Small specimens (<20 cm) fed on invertebrates, whereas larger individuals (>60 cm) fed primarily on fish, indicative of size-related changes in diet composition. The relative abundance of Pandalus shrimp species in the environment was reflected in the diet. Location appeared to be the most influential variable on feeding patterns. Distinct oceanographic conditions among areas, resulting in differences in prey availability, could explain these results. Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) and redfish (Sebastes sp.) were selected in locations where fish prey were the most abundant. These results shed light on the opportunistic nature of R. hippoglossoides and its preference for fish at large size. With the rapidly changing oceanographic conditions of Arctic waters, a distributional change in the biomass of shrimp is expected. Results suggest that an increase in abundance of predatory groundfish species in the system (e.g., Sebastes sp.) could lead to acute predation on shrimp and competition with R. hippoglossoides. By revealing key trophic links within the demersal ecosystem, this work provides valuable information on the development of ecosystem approaches to fisheries management for the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Tremblay-Gagnon
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sarah Brown-Vuillemin
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
| | - Katherine Skanes
- Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Hannah Polaczek
- Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Wojciech Walkusz
- Freshwater Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Dominique Robert
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Deslauriers
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
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16
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Wright DL, Kimmel DG, Roberson N, Strausz D. Joint species distribution modeling reveals a changing prey landscape for North Pacific right whales on the Bering shelf. Ecol Appl 2023; 33:e2925. [PMID: 37792562 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The eastern North Pacific right whale (NPRW) is the most endangered population of whale and has been observed north of its core feeding ground in recent years with low sea ice extent. Sea ice and water temperature are important drivers for zooplankton dynamics within the whale's core feeding ground in the southeastern Bering Sea, seasonally forming stable fronts along the shelf that give rise to distinct zooplankton communities. A northward shift in NPRW distribution driven by changing distribution of prey resources could put this species at increased risk of entanglement and vessel strikes. We modeled the abundance of NPRW prey, Calanus glacialis, Neocalanus, and Thysanoessa species, using a dynamic biophysical food web model of nine zooplankton guilds in the Bering shelf zooplankton community during a period of warming (2006-2016). This model is unique among prior zooplankton studies from the region in that it includes density dependence, thereby allowing us to ask whether species interactions influence zooplankton dynamics. Modeling confirmed the importance of sea ice and ocean temperature to zooplankton dynamics in the region. Density-independent growth drove community dynamics, while dependent factors were comparatively minimal. Overall, Calanus responded to environment terms, with the strength and direction of response driven by copepodite stage. Neocalanus and Thysanoessa responses were weaker, likely due to their primary occurrence on the outer shelf. We also modeled the steady-state (equilibrium) abundance of Calanus in conditions with and without wind gusts to test whether advection of outer shelf species might disrupt the steady-state dynamics of Calanus abundance; the results did not support disruption. Given the annual fall sampling design, we interpret our results as follows: low-ice-extent winters induced stronger spring winds and weakened fronts on the shelf, thereby advecting some outer shelf species into the study region; increased development rates in these warm conditions influenced the proportion of C. glacialis copepodite stages over the season. Residual correlation suggests missing drivers, possibly predators, and phytoplankton bloom composition. Given the continued loss of sea ice in the region and projected continued warming, our findings suggest that C. glacialis will move northward, and thus, whales may move northward to continue targeting them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana L Wright
- Duke University Marine Laboratory, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- NOAA, Marine Mammal Laboratory, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David G Kimmel
- NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nancy Roberson
- NOAA, Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering Division, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David Strausz
- Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- NOAA, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, Washington, USA
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17
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Tumolo BB, Collins SM, Guan Y, Krist AC. Resource quantity and quality differentially control stream invertebrate biodiversity across spatial scales. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:2077-2086. [PMID: 37787116 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Resource quantity controls biodiversity across spatial scales; however, the importance of resource quality to cross-scale patterns in species richness has seldom been explored. We evaluated the relationship between stream basal resource quantity (periphyton chlorophyll a) and invertebrate richness and compared this to the relationship of resource quality (periphyton stoichiometry) and richness at local and regional scales across 27 North American streams. At the local scale, invertebrate richness peaked at intermediate levels of chlorophyll a, but had a shallow negative relationship with periphyton C:P and N:P. However, at the regional scale, richness had a strong negative relationship with chlorophyll a and periphyton C:P and N:P. The divergent relationships of periphyton chlorophyll a and stoichiometry with invertebrate richness suggest that autochthonous resource quantity limits diversity more than quality, consistent with patterns of eutrophication. Collectively, we provide evidence that patterns in resource quantity and quality play important, yet differing roles in shaping freshwater biodiversity across spatial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Tumolo
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Sarah M Collins
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
- Program in Ecology and Evolution, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Yawen Guan
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Amy C Krist
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
- Program in Ecology and Evolution, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
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18
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Tang B, Roberts SM, Clark JS, Gelfand AE. Mechanistic modeling of climate effects on redistribution and population growth in a community of fish species. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:6399-6414. [PMID: 37789712 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding community responses to climate is critical for anticipating the future impacts of global change. However, despite increased research efforts in this field, models that explicitly include important biological mechanisms are lacking. Quantifying the potential impacts of climate change on species is complicated by the fact that the effects of climate variation may manifest at several points in the biological process. To this end, we extend a dynamic mechanistic model that combines population dynamics, such as species interactions, with species redistribution by allowing climate to affect both processes. We examine their relative contributions in an application to the changing biomass of a community of eight species in the Gulf of Maine using over 30 years of fisheries data from the Northeast Fishery Science Center. Our model suggests that the mechanisms driving biomass trends vary across space, time, and species. Phase space plots demonstrate that failing to account for the dynamic nature of the environmental and biologic system can yield theoretical estimates of population abundances that are not observed in empirical data. The stock assessments used by fisheries managers to set fishing targets and allocate quotas often ignore environmental effects. At the same time, research examining the effects of climate change on fish has largely focused on redistribution. Frameworks that combine multiple biological reactions to climate change are particularly necessary for marine researchers. This work is just one approach to modeling the complexity of natural systems and highlights the need to incorporate multiple and possibly interacting biological processes in future models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becky Tang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont, USA
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah M Roberts
- Department of Earth, Marine, and Environmental Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - James S Clark
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alan E Gelfand
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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19
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de Castro Moraes L, Bernardi JVE, de Souza JPR, Portela JF, Pereira HR, de Oliveira Barbosa H, Pires NL, Monteiro LC, Rodrigues YOS, Vieira LCG, Sousa Passos CJ, de Souza JR, Bastos WR, Dórea JG. Mercury Contamination as an Indicator of Fish Species' Trophic Position in the Middle Araguaia River, Brazil. Toxics 2023; 11:886. [PMID: 37999538 PMCID: PMC10675111 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11110886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the use of mercury (Hg) concentrations in fish muscle tissue to determine a species' trophic position (TP) in its environment. A campaign conducted in 2019 along 375 km in the middle Araguaia River basin, Brazil, resulted in 239 organisms from 20 species collected. The highest total mercury (THg) concentrations were found in Pellonacastelnaeana (6.93 µg·g-1, wet weight) and in Triportheus elongatus (3.18 µg·g-1, wet weight), whose TPs were different according to the FishBase database. However, they occupied the same trophic level in this study. The intra-specific comparison showed a difference in Hg concentrations between individuals captured in distinct sites. The study of the biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) showed that spatiality interferes with a species' TP. Statistical analyses revealed that when we used a predicted species' TP based on each individual's size, it explained 72% of the variability in THg concentration across all fish species. Multiple regression analysis confirmed that standard length and FishBase values are positively associated with THg (R2 = 0.943). These results point to Hg as a viable indicator of a fish species' TP since it reflects regional, biological, and environmental factors, as demonstrated here for the middle Araguaia River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian de Castro Moraes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Faculdade UnB Planaltina, Universidade de Brasília, Planaltina 73345-010, DF, Brazil; (L.d.C.M.); (H.R.P.); (H.d.O.B.); (N.L.P.); (Y.O.S.R.)
| | - José Vicente Elias Bernardi
- Laboratório de Geoestatística e Geodésia, Faculdade UnB Planaltina, Universidade de Brasília, Planaltina 73345-010, DF, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Rudrigues de Souza
- Laboratório de Química Analítica e Ambiental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70919-970, DF, Brazil; (J.P.R.d.S.); (J.F.P.); (J.R.d.S.)
| | - Joelma Ferreira Portela
- Laboratório de Química Analítica e Ambiental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70919-970, DF, Brazil; (J.P.R.d.S.); (J.F.P.); (J.R.d.S.)
| | - Hasley Rodrigo Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Faculdade UnB Planaltina, Universidade de Brasília, Planaltina 73345-010, DF, Brazil; (L.d.C.M.); (H.R.P.); (H.d.O.B.); (N.L.P.); (Y.O.S.R.)
| | - Hugo de Oliveira Barbosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Faculdade UnB Planaltina, Universidade de Brasília, Planaltina 73345-010, DF, Brazil; (L.d.C.M.); (H.R.P.); (H.d.O.B.); (N.L.P.); (Y.O.S.R.)
| | - Nayara Luiz Pires
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Faculdade UnB Planaltina, Universidade de Brasília, Planaltina 73345-010, DF, Brazil; (L.d.C.M.); (H.R.P.); (H.d.O.B.); (N.L.P.); (Y.O.S.R.)
| | - Lucas Cabrera Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil;
| | - Ygor Oliveira Sarmento Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Faculdade UnB Planaltina, Universidade de Brasília, Planaltina 73345-010, DF, Brazil; (L.d.C.M.); (H.R.P.); (H.d.O.B.); (N.L.P.); (Y.O.S.R.)
| | - Ludgero Cardoso Galli Vieira
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais e Limnológicas, Faculdade UnB Planaltina, Universidade de Brasília, Planaltina 73345-010, DF, Brazil;
| | | | - Jurandir Rodrigues de Souza
- Laboratório de Química Analítica e Ambiental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70919-970, DF, Brazil; (J.P.R.d.S.); (J.F.P.); (J.R.d.S.)
| | - Wanderley Rodrigues Bastos
- Laboratório de Biogeoquímica Ambiental, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho 76901-000, RO, Brazil;
| | - José Garrofe Dórea
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70919-970, DF, Brazil;
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Kashinskaya EN, Vlasenko PG, Kolmogorova TV, Izotova GV, Shokurova AV, Romanenko GA, Markevich GN, Andree KB, Solovyev MM. Metapopulation Structure of Two Species of Pikeworm ( Triaenophorus, Cestoda) Parasitizing the Postglacial Fish Community in an Oligotrophic Lake. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3122. [PMID: 37835728 PMCID: PMC10571662 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we estimated the levels of infestation of the main fish species that are hosts for two Triaenophorus species: T. crassus and T. nodulosus. The prevalence of T. crassus and T. nodulosus infestations in the intestine of their definitive host-pike Esox lucius was similar (71.0% and 77.4%, respectively). At the same time, the prevalence of T. crassus infestation in muscle tissue was significantly different between the second intermediate hosts, Coregonus lavaretus pidschian (31.4%) and Cor. l. pravdinellus (91.2%), due to considerable differences in their diets. For T. nodulosus, we found significant variations in the levels of prevalence among the second intermediate hosts-100% for Lota lota, 81.8% for Cottus sibiricus 31.9% for Thymallus arcticus, and 24.5% for Perca fluviatilis-that we also explained using different diets. Moreover, analysis of the symmetry of parasite infestations did not reveal any asymmetry between the number of cysts in the left and right body surfaces of the "planktivorous" form/species of whitefish, whereas in the ''benthivorous", an asymmetry of parasite infestations was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena N. Kashinskaya
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok 152742, Yaroslavl Region, Russia
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals of Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia (M.M.S.)
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Pavel G. Vlasenko
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals of Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia (M.M.S.)
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Tatyana V. Kolmogorova
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals of Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia (M.M.S.)
| | - Gelena V. Izotova
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals of Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia (M.M.S.)
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Anastasiya V. Shokurova
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals of Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia (M.M.S.)
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Georgy A. Romanenko
- Altai Branch of «VNIRO» («AltaiNIRO»), Barnaul 656043, Russia
- FBUZ «Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Altai Territory», Barnaul 656049, Russia
| | - Grigorii N. Markevich
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
- Kronotsky Nature Reserve, Yelizovo 684000, Kamchatka Region, Russia
| | - Karl B. Andree
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologìa Agroalimentaries (IRTA), 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | - Mikhail M. Solovyev
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals of Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia (M.M.S.)
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
- Biological Institute, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
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21
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Cagnolo L, Bernaschini L, Salvo A, Valladares G. Habitat area and edges affect the length of trophic chains in a fragmented forest. J Anim Ecol 2023; 92:2067-2077. [PMID: 37649437 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The food chain length represents how much energy reaches different trophic levels in food webs. Environmental changes derived from human activities have the potential to affect chain length. We explore how habitat area and edges affect chain length through: (1) a bottom-up effect of abundance ('pyramid hypothesis'); (2) the truncation of the highest trophic level ('trophic-rank hypothesis'); and (3) changes in species connectivity patterns ('connectivity hypothesis'). We built plant-leaf miner-parasitoid food webs in 19 remnants of a fragmented Chaco forest from central Argentina. On each remnant, we constructed food webs from different locations at the forest interior and edges. For each food web, we registered the abundance of species, the species richness of each trophic level, estimated the connectivity of their networks, and the average food chain length. We used structural equation models to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of habitat area and edge/interior location on food chain length mediated by species richness, abundance and connectivity. We found no direct effects of habitat area on chain length but chains were longer at forest edges than at their interior. The three mechanisms were supported by our results, although they showed different strengths. First, we found that the interior favours a bottom-up abundance effect from herbivores to parasitoids that positively affected chain length; second, we found that the forest area positively affects plant richness, which has a strong effect on the number of resources used by consumers, with a positive effect on chain length. Third, the remnant area and interior position favoured plant richness with a negative effect on the abundance of parasitoids, which had a positive effect on chain length. In general, the strongest effects on chain length were detected through changes in abundance rather than species richness although abundance was less affected by habitat fragmentation. We evaluated for the first time the effects of human-driven habitat fragmentation on the length of trophic chains in highly diverse plant-herbivore-parasitoid networks. Despite the loss of species, small habitat fragments and edges embedded in the agricultural matrix can support interaction networks, making them conservation targets in managed landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Cagnolo
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologı́a Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas y Técnicas, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Bernaschini
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologı́a Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas y Técnicas, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adriana Salvo
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologı́a Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas y Técnicas, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Graciela Valladares
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologı́a Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas y Técnicas, Córdoba, Argentina
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22
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Parmentier T, Boeckx P, Bonte D, De Laender F. You are what your host eats: The trophic structure and food chain length of a symbiont community are coupled with the plastic diet of the host ant. J Anim Ecol 2023; 92:2028-2038. [PMID: 37602518 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Food chain length provides key information on the flow of nutrients and energy in ecosystems. Variation in food chain length has primarily been explained by environmental drivers such as ecosystem size and productivity. Most insights are obtained from theory or aquatic systems, but the importance of these drivers remains largely untested in terrestrial systems. We exploited red wood ant nests markedly differing in size as natural experiments to quantify the drivers of trophic structure and food chain length of their symbiont arthropod communities. Using stable isotopes, we explored the variation in the trophic positions of four symbiont species with the trophic position of the top predator as a proxy for food chain length of the symbiont community. Nest size did not affect food chain length, nor trophic distance between the symbionts. Instead, food chain length and the trophic positions of the symbionts were strongly affected by the host's foraging decisions. When the host diet shifted from predominantly herbivorous to more predacious, the trophic position of the symbionts and food chain length strongly increased. We show for the first time that a food web can be structured by biotic interactions with an engineering species rather than by abiotic environmental variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Parmentier
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC), Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Research Unit of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Namur Institute of Complex Systems, and Institute of Life, Earth, and the Environment, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - P Boeckx
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - D Bonte
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC), Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - F De Laender
- Research Unit of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Namur Institute of Complex Systems, and Institute of Life, Earth, and the Environment, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
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23
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Scholl EA, Cross WF, Guy CS, Dutton AJ, Junker JR. Landscape diversity promotes stable food-web architectures in large rivers. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:1740-1751. [PMID: 37497804 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Uncovering relationships between landscape diversity and species interactions is crucial for predicting how ongoing land-use change and homogenization will impact the stability and persistence of communities. However, such connections have rarely been quantified in nature. We coupled high-resolution river sonar imaging with annualized energetic food webs to quantify relationships among habitat diversity, energy flux, and trophic interaction strengths in large-river food-web modules that support the endangered Pallid Sturgeon. Our results demonstrate a clear relationship between habitat diversity and species interaction strengths, with more diverse foraging landscapes containing higher production of prey and a greater proportion of weak and potentially stabilizing interactions. Additionally, rare patches of large and relatively stable river sediments intensified these effects and further reduced interaction strengths by increasing prey diversity. Our findings highlight the importance of landscape characteristics in promoting stabilizing food-web architectures and provide direct relevance for future management of imperilled species in a simplified and rapidly changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wyatt F Cross
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Christopher S Guy
- U.S. Geological Survey, Montana Cooperative Fishery Research Unit, Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Adeline J Dutton
- Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Montana Cooperative Fishery Research Unit, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - James R Junker
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
- Great Lakes Research Center 100 Phoenix Drive, Houghton, Michigan, USA
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24
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Hallam J, Harris NC. What's going to be on the menu with global environmental changes? Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:5744-5759. [PMID: 37458101 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing anthropogenic change is altering the planet at an unprecedented rate, threatening biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning. Species are responding to abiotic pressures at both individual and population levels, with changes affecting trophic interactions through consumptive pathways. Collectively, these impacts alter the goods and services that natural ecosystems will provide to society, as well as the persistence of all species. Here, we describe the physiological and behavioral responses of species to global changes on individual and population levels that result in detectable changes in diet across terrestrial and marine ecosystems. We illustrate shifts in the dynamics of food webs with implications for animal communities. Additionally, we highlight the myriad of tools available for researchers to investigate the dynamics of consumption patterns and trophic interactions, arguing that diet data are a crucial component of ecological studies on global change. We suggest that a holistic approach integrating the complexities of diet choice and trophic interactions with environmental drivers may be more robust at resolving trends in biodiversity, predicting food web responses, and potentially identifying early warning signs of diversity loss. Ultimately, despite the growing body of long-term ecological datasets, there remains a dearth of diet ecology studies across temporal scales, a shortcoming that must be resolved to elucidate vulnerabilities to changing biophysical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Hallam
- Applied Wildlife Ecology Lab, Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nyeema C Harris
- Applied Wildlife Ecology Lab, Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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25
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Maier SR, Brooke S, De Clippele LH, de Froe E, van der Kaaden AS, Kutti T, Mienis F, van Oevelen D. On the paradox of thriving cold-water coral reefs in the food-limited deep sea. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1768-1795. [PMID: 37236916 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The deep sea is amongst the most food-limited habitats on Earth, as only a small fraction (<4%) of the surface primary production is exported below 200 m water depth. Here, cold-water coral (CWC) reefs form oases of life: their biodiversity compares with tropical coral reefs, their biomass and metabolic activity exceed other deep-sea ecosystems by far. We critically assess the paradox of thriving CWC reefs in the food-limited deep sea, by reviewing the literature and open-access data on CWC habitats. This review shows firstly that CWCs typically occur in areas where the food supply is not constantly low, but undergoes pronounced temporal variation. High currents, downwelling and/or vertically migrating zooplankton temporally boost the export of surface organic matter to the seabed, creating 'feast' conditions, interspersed with 'famine' periods during the non-productive season. Secondly, CWCs, particularly the most common reef-builder Desmophyllum pertusum (formerly known as Lophelia pertusa), are well adapted to these fluctuations in food availability. Laboratory and in situ measurements revealed their dietary flexibility, tissue reserves, and temporal variation in growth and energy allocation. Thirdly, the high structural and functional diversity of CWC reefs increases resource retention: acting as giant filters and sustaining complex food webs with diverse recycling pathways, the reefs optimise resource gains over losses. Anthropogenic pressures, including climate change and ocean acidification, threaten this fragile equilibrium through decreased resource supply, increased energy costs, and dissolution of the calcium-carbonate reef framework. Based on this review, we suggest additional criteria to judge the health of CWC reefs and their chance to persist in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra R Maier
- Greenland Climate Research Centre, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Kivioq 2, PO Box 570, Nuuk, 3900, Greenland
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Korringaweg 7, Yerseke, 4401 NT, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Brooke
- Coastal & Marine Laboratory, Florida State University, 3618 Coastal Highway 98, St. Teresa, FL, 32327, USA
| | - Laurence H De Clippele
- Changing Oceans Research Group, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Grant Institute, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3FE, UK
| | - Evert de Froe
- Centre for Fisheries Ecosystem Research, Fisheries and Marine Institute at Memorial University of Newfoundland, 155 Ridge Rd, St. John's, NL A1C 5R3, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
- Department of Ocean Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), PO Box 59, Den Burg (Texel), 1790 AB, The Netherlands
| | - Anna-Selma van der Kaaden
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Korringaweg 7, Yerseke, 4401 NT, The Netherlands
| | - Tina Kutti
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), PO box 1870 Nordnes, Bergen, NO-5817, Norway
| | - Furu Mienis
- Department of Ocean Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), PO Box 59, Den Burg (Texel), 1790 AB, The Netherlands
| | - Dick van Oevelen
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Korringaweg 7, Yerseke, 4401 NT, The Netherlands
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26
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Shakya AW, Allgeier JE. Water column contributions to coral reef productivity: overcoming challenges of context dependence. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1812-1828. [PMID: 37315947 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Coral reefs are declining at an unprecedented rate. Effective management and conservation initiatives necessitate improved understanding of the drivers of production because the high rates found in these ecosystems are the foundation of the many services they provide. The water column is the nexus of coral reef ecosystem dynamics, and functions as the interface through which essentially all energy and nutrients are transferred to fuel both new and recycled production. Substantial research has described many aspects of water column dynamics, often focusing on specific components because water column dynamics are highly spatially and temporally context dependent. Although necessary, a cost of this approach is that these dynamics are often not well linked to the broader ecosystem or across systems. To help overcome the challenge of context dependence, we provide a comprehensive review of this literature, and synthesise it through the perspective of ecosystem ecology. Specifically, we provide a framework to organise the drivers of temporal and spatial variation in production dynamics, structured around five primary state factors. These state factors are used to deconstruct the environmental contexts in which three water column sub-food webs mediate 'new' and 'recycled' production. We then highlight critical pathways by which global change drivers are altering coral reefs via the water column. We end by discussing four key knowledge gaps hindering understanding of the role of the water column for mediating coral reef production, and how overcoming these could improve conservation and management strategies. Throughout, we identify areas of extensive research and those where studies remain lacking and provide a database of 84 published studies. Improved integration of water column dynamics into models of coral reef ecosystem function is imperative to achieve the understanding of ecosystem production necessary to develop effective conservation and management strategies needed to stem global coral loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali W Shakya
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 1105 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jacob E Allgeier
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 1105 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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27
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Zhang Y, Shen R, Li K, Li Q, Chen H, He H, Gu X, Mao Z, Johnson RK. Top-down effects of filter-feeding fish and bivalves moderate bottom-up effects of nutrients on phytoplankton in subtropical shallow lakes: An outdoor mesocosm study. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10567. [PMID: 37753309 PMCID: PMC10518750 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomanipulation has been widely used in the ecological restoration of eutrophic lakes for decades. However, biomanipulation is prone to failure if external nutrient loads are not reduced. In order to explore the importance of filter-feeding fish and bivalves on algal control, an outdoor mesocosm experiment was conducted using different nutrient concentrations. Four treatments simulating daily loads of nutrients in Lake Taihu were studied: current, two times, and three times average daily loads of nutrients with both fish (Aristichthys nobilis) and Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea) and as a control current daily loads without fish or bivalves. Results showed that stocking of filter-feeding fish and bivalves (80 g m-3 bighead carp; 200 g cm-2 clams) at two times daily nutrient loads could effectively control water column Chl a concentrations and phytoplankton biomass. At higher nutrient concentrations (TN ≥ 260 μg L-1 d-1; TP ≥ 10 μg L-1 d-1), top-down control of filter-feeding fish and bivalves was less effective and bottom-up effects resulted in significant increases of Chl a concentration. Thus, as phytoplankton biomass in freshwater ecosystems is determined by both the top-down effects of predators and the bottom-up effects of nutrients, external loadings should be controlled when filter-feeding fish and bivalves are used for algal control to ensure the efficacy of biomanipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjingChina
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and AssessmentSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Ruijie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Kuanyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjingChina
- Sino‐Danish CollegeUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Qisheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Huihui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Hu He
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Xiaohong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjingChina
- Huaiyin Normal UniversityHuaiyinChina
| | - Zhigang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Richard K. Johnson
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and AssessmentSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
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28
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Yang C, Liao C, Xu J, Liu P, Staines CL, Dai X. Field survey of Cassidinae beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) and their host plants in southern Guangxi, China. Biodivers Data J 2023; 11:e107523. [PMID: 37559909 PMCID: PMC10407652 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.11.e107523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Few systematic studies have been conducted on the faunal composition and food web structure of Cassidinae of China. During 2013-2019, we systematically investigated Cassidinae beetles and their host plants in the southern Guangxi. A total of 2,255 Cassidinae individuals from 66 species, 23 genera and ten tribes were collected in southern Guangxi. Most species belonged to the tribe Hispini (23 species, 34.8%), followed by the tribe Gonophorini (13 species, 19.7%), Cassidini (eight species, 12.1%) and Aspidimorphini (six species, 9.1%). The others (16 species) belonged to the tribes Anisoderini, Botryonopini, Callispini, Oncocephalini, Notosacanthini and Leptispini. The tribe Notosacanthini was recorded from Guangxi for the first time. The genera Neownesia (Botryonopini), Gonophora (Gonophorini), Micrispa (Gonophorini), Notosacantha (Notosacanthini) and Prionispa (Oncocephalini) were firstly recorded in Guangxi. In total, we obtained 47 newly-recorded species in southern Guangxi and 33 newly-recorded species in the whole Guangxi, of which, Callispafrontalis Medvedev, 1992 was newly recorded in China. Dactylispafeae Gestro (625 individuals) and D.chinensis Weise (565 individuals) were the most common species. A total of 69 species, 53 genera and 19 families of host plants were identified for Cassidinae in southern Guangxi. Many host plant associations are new records for Cassidinae. Quantitative food web analysis indicated that Cassidinae species in southern Guangxi primarily fed on Poaceae, Convolvulaceae, Cyperaceae and Rosaceae. Generally, the plant-Cassidinae food webs were moderately complex and stable in southern Guangxi. This is the first large contribution to the knowledge of the species composition and host plant diversity of Cassidinae in southern Guangxi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaokun Yang
- Leafminer Group, School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, ChinaLeafminer Group, School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal UniversityGanzhouChina
| | - Chengqing Liao
- Leafminer Group, School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, ChinaLeafminer Group, School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal UniversityGanzhouChina
| | - Jiasheng Xu
- Leafminer Group, School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, ChinaLeafminer Group, School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal UniversityGanzhouChina
| | - Peng Liu
- Leafminer Group, School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, ChinaLeafminer Group, School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal UniversityGanzhouChina
| | - Charles L. Staines
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, United States of AmericaSmithsonian Environmental Research CenterEdgewaterUnited States of America
| | - Xiaohua Dai
- Leafminer Group, School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, ChinaLeafminer Group, School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal UniversityGanzhouChina
- National Navel-Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, ChinaNational Navel-Orange Engineering Research CenterGanzhouChina
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Nanling Insect Biology, Ganzhou, ChinaGanzhou Key Laboratory of Nanling Insect BiologyGanzhouChina
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Burger J. Metal Levels in Delaware Bay Horseshoe Crab Eggs from the Surface Reflect Metals in Egg Clutches Laid beneath the Sand. Toxics 2023; 11:614. [PMID: 37505579 PMCID: PMC10386046 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Understanding variations in metal levels in biota geographically and under different environmental conditions is essential to determining risk to organisms themselves and to their predators. It is often difficult to determine food chain relationships because predators may eat several different prey types. Horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) eggs form the basis for a complex food web in Delaware Bay, New Jersey, USA. Female horseshoe crabs lay thumb-sized clutches of eggs, several cm below the surface, and often dislodge previously laid eggs that are brought to the surface by wave action, where they are accessible and critical food for migrant shorebirds. This paper compares metal and metalloid (chromium [Cr], cadmium [Cd], lead [Pb], mercury [Hg], arsenic [As] and selenium [Se]) concentrations in horseshoe crab eggs collected on the surface with concentrations in eggs from clutches excavated from below the sand surface, as well as examining metals in eggs from different parts of the Bay. The eggs were all collected in May 2019, corresponding to the presence of the four main species of shorebirds migrating through Delaware Bay. These migrating birds eat almost entirely horseshoe crab eggs during their stopover in Delaware Bay, and there are differences in the levels of metals in blood of different shorebirds. These differences could be due to whether they have access to egg clutches below sand (ruddy turnstones, Arenaria interpres) or only to eggs on the surface (the threatened red knot [Calidris canutus rufa] and other species of shorebirds). Correlations between metals in clutches were also examined. Except for As and Cd, there were no significant differences between the metals in crab egg clutches and eggs on the surface that shorebirds, gulls, and other predators eat. There were significant locational differences in metal levels in horseshoe crab eggs (except for Pb), with most metals being highest in the sites on the lower portion of Delaware Bay. Most metals in crab eggs have declined since studies were conducted in the mid-1990s but were similar to levels in horseshoe crab eggs in 2012. The data continue to provide important monitoring and assessment information for a keystone species in an ecosystem that supports many species, including threatened and declining shorebird species during spring migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Burger
- Division of Life Sciences, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Spaak JW, Adler PB, Ellner SP. Mechanistic Models of Trophic Interactions: Opportunities for Species Richness and Challenges for Modern Coexistence Theory. Am Nat 2023; 202:E1-E16. [PMID: 37384764 DOI: 10.1086/724660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
AbstractMany potential mechanisms promote species coexistence, but we know little about their relative importance. To compare multiple mechanisms, we modeled a two-trophic planktonic food web based on mechanistic species interactions and empirically measured species traits. We simulated thousands of possible communities under realistic and altered interaction strengths to assess the relative importance of three potential drivers of phytoplankton and zooplankton species richness: resource-mediated coexistence mechanisms, predator-prey interactions, and trait trade-offs. Next, we computed niche and fitness differences of competing zooplankton to obtain a deeper understanding of how these mechanisms determine species richness. We found that predator-prey interactions were the most important driver of phytoplankton and zooplankton species richness and that large zooplankton fitness differences were associated with low species richness, but zooplankton niche differences were not associated with species richness. However, for many communities we could not apply modern coexistence theory to compute niche and fitness differences of zooplankton because of conceptual issues with the invasion growth rates arising from trophic interactions. We therefore need to expand modern coexistence theory to fully investigate multitrophic-level communities.
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31
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Wagner RS, McKindles KM, Bullerjahn GS. Effects of water movement and temperature on Rhizophydium infection of Planktothrix in a shallow hypereutrophic lake. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1197394. [PMID: 37455723 PMCID: PMC10345987 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1197394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Grand Lake St. Marys (GLSM) is a popular recreational lake located in western Ohio, United States, generating nearly $150 million in annual revenue. However, recurring algal blooms dominated by Planktothrix agardhii, which can produce harmful microcystin toxins, have raised concerns about water safety and negatively impacted the local economy. Planktothrix agardhii is host to a number of parasites and pathogens, including an obligate fungal parasite in the Chytridiomycota (chytrids). In this study, we investigated the potential of these chytrid (Rhizophydium sp.) to infect P. agardhii blooms in the environment by modifying certain environmental conditions thought to limit infection prevalence in the wild. With a focus on temperature and water mixing, mesocosms were designed to either increase or decrease water flow compared to the control (water outside the mesocosm). In the control and water circulation mesocosms, infections were found infrequently and were found on less than 0.75% of the Planktothrix population. On the other hand, by decreasing the water flow to stagnation, chytrid infections were more frequent (found in nearly 3x as many samples) and more prevalent, reaching a maximum infection rate of 4.12%. In addition, qPCR coupled with 16S-18S sequencing was utilized to confirm the genetic presence of both host and parasite, as well as to better understand the effect of water circulation on the community composition. Statistical analysis of the data confirmed that chytrid infection was dependent on water temperature, with infections predominantly occurring between 19°C and 23°C. Additionally, water turbulence can significantly reduce the infectivity of chytrids, as infections were mostly found in stagnant mesocosms. Further, decreasing the water circulation promoted the growth of the cyanobacterial population, while increasing water agitation promoted the growth of green algae (Chlorophyta). This study starts to explore the environmental factors that affect chytrid pathogenesis which can provide valuable insights into controlling measures to reduce the prevalence of harmful algal blooms and improve water quality in GLSM and similarly affected waterbodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S. Wagner
- Department of Biology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, United States
- Great Lakes Center for Fresh Waters and Human Health, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, United States
| | - Katelyn M. McKindles
- Great Lakes Center for Fresh Waters and Human Health, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, United States
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ypsilanti, MI, United States
| | - George S. Bullerjahn
- Department of Biology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, United States
- Great Lakes Center for Fresh Waters and Human Health, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, United States
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32
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Taipale SJ, Rigaud C, Calderini ML, Kainz MJ, Pilecky M, Uusi-Heikkilä S, Vesamäki JS, Vuorio K, Tiirola M. The second life of terrestrial and plastic carbon as nutritionally valuable food for aquatic consumers. Ecol Lett 2023. [PMID: 37218115 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Primary production is the basis for energy and biomolecule flow in food webs. Nutritional importance of terrestrial and plastic carbon via mixotrophic algae to upper trophic level is poorly studied. We explored this question by analysing the contribution of osmo- and phagomixotrophic species in boreal lakes and used 13 C-labelled materials and compound-specific isotopes to determine biochemical fate of carbon backbone of leaves, lignin-hemicellulose and polystyrene at four-trophic level experiment. Microbes prepared similar amounts of amino acids from leaves and lignin, but four times more membrane lipids from lignin than leaves, and much less from polystyrene. Mixotrophic algae (Cryptomonas sp.) upgraded simple fatty acids to essential omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Labelled amino and fatty acids became integral parts of cell membranes of zooplankton (Daphnia magna) and fish (Danio rerio). These results show that terrestrial and plastic carbon can provide backbones for essential biomolecules of mixotrophic algae and consumers at higher trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Taipale
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - C Rigaud
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - M L Calderini
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - M J Kainz
- WasserCluster-Biological Station Lunz, Lunz am See, Austria
- Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - M Pilecky
- WasserCluster-Biological Station Lunz, Lunz am See, Austria
- Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - S Uusi-Heikkilä
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - J S Vesamäki
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - K Vuorio
- Finnish Environmental Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Tiirola
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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33
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Perrotta BG, Simonin M, Colman BP, Anderson SM, Baruch E, Castellon BT, Matson CW, Bernhardt ES, King RS. Chronic Engineered Nanoparticle Additions Alter Insect Emergence and Result in Metal Flux from Aquatic Ecosystems into Riparian Food Webs. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:8085-8095. [PMID: 37200151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are exposed to engineered nanoparticles (NPs) through discharge from wastewater and agricultural runoff. We conducted a 9-month mesocosm experiment to examine the combined effects of chronic NP additions on insect emergence and insect-mediated contaminant flux to riparian spiders. Two NPs (copper, gold, plus controls) were crossed by two levels of nutrients in 18 outdoor mesocosms open to natural insect and spider colonization. We collected adult insects and two riparian spider genera, Tetragnatha and Dolomedes, for 1 week on a monthly basis. We estimated a significant decrease in cumulative insect emergence of 19% and 24% after exposure to copper and gold NPs, irrespective of nutrient level. NP treatments led to elevated copper and gold tissue concentrations in adult insects, which resulted in terrestrial fluxes of metals. These metal fluxes were associated with increased gold and copper tissue concentrations for both spider genera. We also observed about 25% fewer spiders in the NP mesocosms, likely due to reduced insect emergence and/or NP toxicity. These results demonstrate the transfer of NPs from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems via emergence of aquatic insects and predation by riparian spiders, as well as significant reductions in insect and spider abundance in response to NP additions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany G Perrotta
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research (CRASR), Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Marie Simonin
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- University of Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Benjamin P Colman
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Steven M Anderson
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ethan Baruch
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Benjamin T Castellon
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research (CRASR), Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Cole W Matson
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research (CRASR), Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Emily S Bernhardt
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ryan S King
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research (CRASR), Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
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34
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Karmanova TN, Feoktistova NY, Tiunov AV. High δ13C values in red squirrels Sciurus vulgaris explained by a reliance on conifer seeds. Isotopes Environ Health Stud 2023; 59:180-191. [PMID: 36821423 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2023.2179045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Eurasian red squirrels Sciurus vulgaris have unusually high δ13C values compared to other forest rodents, which is seemingly related to the consumption of 13C-enriched conifer seeds. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the hair of wild and zoo-kept red squirrels, seeds of pine and spruce, and feathers of specialized and opportunistic consumers of conifer seeds, crossbills Loxia spp., and woodpeckers Dendrocopos major. Data on the isotopic composition (δ13C and δ15N values) of hair or feathers of other species of forest rodents and birds were obtained from published studies. The range of mean δ13C values of hair of wild forest rodents (19 species) exceeded 10 ‰. All squirrel species had high 13C content, S. vulgaris having maximum δ13C values. In contrast, S. vulgaris kept in captivity had an isotopic composition similar to other captive rodents. The feathers of crossbills were enriched in 13C compared to other forest birds (15 species), while seeds of coniferous trees often had higher δ13C values compared to seeds of other woody plants. Distinctiveness of the isotopic composition of mammals and birds feeding on the seeds of coniferous trees suggests that this resource can be traced through the entire forest food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana N Karmanova
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia Y Feoktistova
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexei V Tiunov
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
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35
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Mofu L, Dalu T, Wasserman RJ, Woodford DJ, Weyl OLF. Trophic ecology of co-occurring fishes in the Sundays River Valley irrigation ponds, assessed using stable isotope and gut content analyses. J Fish Biol 2023; 102:1191-1205. [PMID: 36856200 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of food web structures has increased the understanding of the dynamics of organisms belonging to different trophic levels. In this study, the diet of two native species, Glossogobius callidus and Gilchristella aestuaria, was assessed in the presence of two non-native species, Oreochromis mossambicus and Gambusia affinis, in irrigation ponds, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The proportion of dietary items consumed and assimilated by the four fish species were inferred from gut contents and carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis. Stable isotope analysis revealed that both G. affinis and O. mossambicus had a larger isotopic niche size than G. callidus and G. aestuaria. Although G. callidus fed on benthic resources and G. aestuaria fed on phytoplankton, gut content analysis showed that G. callidus, O. mossambicus and G. affinis fed predominantly on benthic resources, whereas G. aestuaria fed mainly on plankton resources. Considerable niche overlap corroborates the view that resource competition is a major factor shaping the composition of the four fish species. This study highlighted the low diversity of the food web within the Sundays River Valley irrigation ponds, where food items are shared by all the small-bodied fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubabalo Mofu
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
- DSI/NRF Research Chair in Inland Fisheries and Freshwater Ecology, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Makhanda, South Africa
- Centre for Invasion Biology, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Tatenda Dalu
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Nelspruit, South Africa
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Ryan J Wasserman
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda, South Africa
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Darragh J Woodford
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda, South Africa
- Centre for Invasion Biology, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Olaf L F Weyl
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
- DSI/NRF Research Chair in Inland Fisheries and Freshwater Ecology, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Makhanda, South Africa
- Centre for Invasion Biology, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Makhanda, South Africa
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36
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Song M, McDaniel MD, Zhu C, Lin F, Zhang Y. Prescribed fire alters nematode communities in an old‐field grassland. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9977. [PMID: 37013101 PMCID: PMC10065976 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fire is a common disturbance in many biomes, with both beneficial and detrimental effects on soil biology, which largely depend on fire intensity. However, little is known about the impact of fire on soil nematode communities in terrestrial ecosystem. In the present study, we investigated the effects of short‐term prescribed fire on soil nematode communities and soil properties in an old‐field grassland in Northern China. The results showed that burning significantly increased soil nematode abundance by 77% and genus richness by 49% compared to the control. Burning also decreased taxon dominance by 45% (Simpson's D) and increased nematode diversity by 31% (Shannon‐Weaver H'). However, burning increased plant parasites (particularly genera Cephalenchus and Pratylenchus) and shifted community to more bacterial‐feeding genera (i.e., decreased Channel Index). Generally, burning increased soil bio‐available nitrogen (NH4+–N and NO3−–N) content, which would be the main drivers causing nematode community to flourish via a “bottom‐up” effect. These results suggest that prescribed fire increases nematode diversity and alters community composition toward more plant parasites and bacterial feeders. Our findings highlight the importance of prescribed fire management in shaping short‐term nematode community structure and function, but the long‐term effects and impacts of these changes on soil nutrient and carbon cycling remain unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Song
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenan475004China
| | | | - Chen Zhu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenan475004China
| | - Feng Lin
- School of Environmental EngineeringNanjing Institute of TechnologyNanjingJiangsu211167China
| | - Yaojun Zhang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenan475004China
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37
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Koprivnikar J, Thieltges DW, Johnson PTJ. Consumption of trematode parasite infectious stages: from conceptual synthesis to future research agenda. J Helminthol 2023; 97:e33. [PMID: 36971341 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x23000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Given their sheer cumulative biomass and ubiquitous presence, parasites are increasingly recognized as essential components of most food webs. Beyond their influence as consumers of host tissue, many parasites also have free-living infectious stages that may be ingested by non-host organisms, with implications for energy and nutrient transfer, as well as for pathogen transmission and infectious disease dynamics. This has been particularly well-documented for the cercaria free-living stage of digenean trematode parasites within the Phylum Platyhelminthes. Here, we aim to synthesize the current state of knowledge regarding cercariae consumption by examining: (a) approaches for studying cercariae consumption; (b) the range of consumers and trematode prey documented thus far; (c) factors influencing the likelihood of cercariae consumption; (d) consequences of cercariae consumption for individual predators (e.g. their viability as a food source); and (e) implications of cercariae consumption for entire communities and ecosystems (e.g. transmission, nutrient cycling and influences on other prey). We detected 121 unique consumer-by-cercaria combinations that spanned 60 species of consumer and 35 trematode species. Meaningful reductions in transmission were seen for 31 of 36 combinations that considered this; however, separate studies with the same cercaria and consumer sometimes showed different results. Along with addressing knowledge gaps and suggesting future research directions, we highlight how the conceptual and empirical approaches discussed here for consumption of cercariae are relevant for the infectious stages of other parasites and pathogens, illustrating the use of cercariae as a model system to help advance our knowledge regarding the general importance of parasite consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Koprivnikar
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 2K3
| | - D W Thieltges
- Department of Coastal Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | - P T J Johnson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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38
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Eloranta AP, Perälä T, Kuparinen A. Effects of temporal abiotic drivers on the dynamics of an allometric trophic network model. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9928. [PMID: 36969931 PMCID: PMC10034489 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Current ecological research and ecosystem management call for improved understanding of the abiotic drivers of community dynamics, including temperature effects on species interactions and biomass accumulation. Allometric trophic network (ATN) models, which simulate material (carbon) transfer in trophic networks from producers to consumers based on mass‐specific metabolic rates, provide an attractive framework to study consumer–resource interactions from organisms to ecosystems. However, the developed ATN models rarely consider temporal changes in some key abiotic drivers that affect, for example, consumer metabolism and producer growth. Here, we evaluate how temporal changes in carrying capacity and light‐dependent growth rate of producers and in temperature‐dependent mass‐specific metabolic rate of consumers affect ATN model dynamics, namely seasonal biomass accumulation, productivity, and standing stock biomass of different trophic guilds, including age‐structured fish communities. Our simulations of the pelagic Lake Constance food web indicated marked effects of temporally changing abiotic parameters on seasonal biomass accumulation of different guild groups, particularly among the lowest trophic levels (primary producers and invertebrates). While the adjustment of average irradiance had minor effect, increasing metabolic rate associated with 1–2°C temperature increase led to a marked decline of larval (0‐year age) fish biomass, but to a substantial biomass increase of 2‐ and 3‐year‐old fish that were not predated by ≥4‐year‐old top predator fish, European perch (Perca fluviatilis). However, when averaged across the 100 simulation years, the inclusion of seasonality in abiotic drivers caused only minor changes in standing stock biomasses and productivity of different trophic guilds. Our results demonstrate the potential of introducing seasonality in and adjusting the average values of abiotic ATN model parameters to simulate temporal fluctuations in food‐web dynamics, which is an important step in ATN model development aiming to, for example, assess potential future community‐level responses to ongoing environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti P. Eloranta
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Tommi Perälä
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Anna Kuparinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
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Quintana Y, Keppeler FW, Winemiller KO. Does invasion by armored catfish shift trophic ecology of native fishes? Evidence from stable isotope analysis. Ecology 2023; 104:e4024. [PMID: 36883720 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Popular as aquarium fish, armored catfishes from South America (Pterygoplichthys spp.) have been introduced and become invasive in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. These ecosystem engineers can deplete basal resources (e.g., periphyton and detritus), with potential negative effects for native fauna. We studied the trophic ecology of fishes in the Usumacinta River Basin, Guatemala, where Pterygoplichthys is now widespread and locally abundant. We analyzed stable isotopes (δ13 C, δ15 N) in fish tissues and basal resources to assess the potential impact of Pterygoplichthys on the trophic ecology of six co-occurring native fishes that feed at a similar trophic level (Astyanax aeneus, Dorosoma petenense, Thorichthys pasionis, Oscura heterospila, Poecilia mexicana, and Gambusia sexradiata). The study was conducted during the dry season in the La Pasion (LPR; high invasion) and San Pedro (SPR; low invasion) rivers. We compared isotopic spaces occupied by native fish and Pterygoplichthys, estimated isotopic overlap, and evaluated the trophic displacement of native species. We also evaluated the relationships of environmental factors, including the relative biomass of the invasive catfish, with δ13 C and δ15 N signatures. Except for P. mexicana, native species had lower isotopic overlap with the catfish in LPR. Native fish isotopic spaces were compressed and shifted toward higher trophic positions in LPR relative to SPR. Benthic food resources were important for Pterygoplichthys in both rivers, and water-column resources had greater relative importance (RI) for native species in LPR. Native fish δ13 C was significantly associated with Pterygoplichthys biomass, conductivity, and water flow velocity; and water depth and sedimentation had a significant association with native fish δ15 N. Findings provide evidence that invasive Pterygoplichthys, along with environmental factors, impact the trophic ecology of native fish in the Usumacinta Basin. Additional field research conducted over longer time periods and mesocosm experiments that account for fish assemblage and environmental variation could elucidate Pterygoplichthys impacts via food resource depletion or habitat alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmín Quintana
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
| | - Friedrich Wolfgang Keppeler
- Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Núcleo de Ecologia Aquática e Pesca da Amazônia, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Kirk O Winemiller
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
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40
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Boscolo D, Nobrega Rodrigues B, Ferreira PA, Lopes LE, Tonetti VR, Reis Dos Santos IC, Hiruma-Lima JA, Nery L, Baptista de Lima K, Perozi J, Freitas AVL, Viana BF, Antunes-Carvalho C, Amorim DDS, Freitas de Oliveira F, Groppo M, Absy ML, de Almeida-Scabbia RJ, Alves-Araújo A, de Amorim FW, Antiqueira PAP, Antonini Y, Aoki C, Dos Santos Aragão D, Balbino TCT, da Silva Ferreira Bandeira M, Barbosa BC, de Vasconcellos Barbosa MR, Baronio GJ, Barros LO, Beal-Neves M, Bertollo VM, de Melo Bezerra AD, Buzatto CR, Carneiro LT, Caron E, Carpim CS, Carvalho ES, Carvalho TL, Carvalho-Leite LJ, Cascaes MF, de Castro FS, Cavalleri A, Cazetta E, Cerezini MT, Coelho LFM, Colares R, Cordeiro GD, Cordeiro J, da Silva Corrêa AM, da Costa FV, Covre C, Cruz RDM, Cruz-Neto O, Correia-da-Rocha-Filho L, Delabie JHC, da Costa Dórea M, do-Nascimento VT, Alves Dos-Santos JM, Duarte M, Duarte MC, Duarte OMP, Dutilh JHA, Emerick BP, Fabiano GDS, Farache FHA, de Faria APG, Fernandes GW, Maria Abreu Ferreira P, Ferreira-Caliman MJ, Ferreira LMN, Filgueira de Sá TF, Franceschinelli EV, Franco-Assis GA, Fregolente Faracco Mazziero F, Freitas BM, Freitas J, Galastri NA, Galetto L, Garcia CT, Amela García MT, Garcia NL, Garófalo CA, Gélvez-Zúñiga I, Goldas CDS, Guerra TJ, Guerra TM, Harter-Marques B, Hipólito J, Kamke R, Klein RP, Koch EBDA, Landgref-Filho P, Laroca S, Leandro CM, Lima R, de Lima TRA, Lima-Verde LW, de Lírio EJ, Lopes AV, Luizi-Ponzo AP, Machado ICS, Machado T, Magalhães FS, Mahlmann T, Mariano CDSF, Marques TED, Martello F, Martins CF, Martins MN, Martins R, Mascarenhas ALS, de Assis Mendes G, Mendonça MDS, Menini Neto L, Milward-de-Azevedo MA, Miranda AO, Montoya-Pfeiffer PM, Moraes AM, Moraes BB, Moreira EF, Morini MS, Moure-Oliveira D, De Nadai LF, Nagatani VH, Nervo MH, de Siqueira Neves F, de Novais JS, Araújo-Oliveira ÉS, de Oliveira JHF, Pacheco-Filho AJDS, Palmieri L, Pareja M, Passarella MDA, Passos NDM, Paulino-Neto HF, Luna Peixoto A, Pereira LC, Pereira RAS, Pereira-Silva B, Pincheira-Ulbrich J, Pinheiro M, Piratelli AJ, Podgaiski LR, Polizello DS, Prado LPD, Prezoto F, Quadros FRD, Queiroz EP, Glebya Maciel Quirino Z, Rabello AM, Rabeschini GBP, Ramalho MMM, Ramos FN, Rattis L, Rezende LHGD, Ribeiro C, Robe LJ, Rocha EMDSR, Rodrigues RR, Romero GQ, Roque N, Sabino WDO, Sano PT, Reis PDSS, Dos Santos FS, Alves Dos Santos I, Dos Santos FDAR, Silva Dos Santos I, Sartorello R, Schmitz HJ, Sigrist MR, Silva Junior JC, Silva ACGE, da Silva CVC, Alves Vieira Silva BS, Silva BLDF, Silva CI, da Silva FO, Silva JLSE, Silva NS, da Silva OGM, Silva Neto CDME, Silva Neto ER, Silveira D, Silveira MS, Singer RB, Soares LASS, Locatelli de Souza EM, de Souza JMT, Steiner J, Teixeira-Gamarra MC, Trentin BA, Varassin IG, Vila-Verde G, Yoshikawa VN, Zanin EM, Galetti M, Ribeiro MC. Atlantic flower-invertebrate interactions: A data set of occurrence and frequency of floral visits. Ecology 2023; 104:e3900. [PMID: 36315032 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Encounters between flowers and invertebrates are key events for the functioning of tropical forests. Assessing the structure of networks composed of the interactions between those partners leads to a better understanding of ecosystem functioning and the effects of environmental factors on ecological processes. Gathering such data is, however, costly and time-consuming, especially in the highly diverse tropics. We aimed to provide a comprehensive repository of available flower-invertebrate interaction information for the Atlantic Forest, a South American tropical forest domain. Data were obtained from published works and "gray literature," such as theses and dissertations, as well as self-reports by co-authors. The data set has ~18,000 interaction records forming 482 networks, each containing between one and 1061 interaction links. Each network was sampled for about 200 h or less, with few exceptions. A total of 641 plant genera within 136 different families and 39 orders were reported, with the most abundant and rich families being Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Rubiaceae. Invertebrates interacting with these plants were all arthropods from 10 orders, 129 families, and 581 genera, comprising 2419 morphotypes (including 988 named species). Hymenoptera was the most abundant and diverse order, with at least six times more records than the second-ranked order (Lepidoptera). The complete data set shows Hymenoptera interacting with all plant orders and also shows Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Hemiptera to be important nodes. Among plants, Asterales and Fabales had the highest number of interactions. The best sampled environment was forest (~8000 records), followed by pastures and crops. Savanna, grasslands, and urban environments (among others) were also reported, indicating a wide range of approaches dedicated to collecting flower-invertebrate interaction data in the Atlantic Forest domain. Nevertheless, most reported data were from forest understory or lower strata, indicating a knowledge gap about flower-invertebrate interactions at the canopy. Also, access to remote regions remains a limitation, generating sampling bias across the geographical range of the Atlantic Forest. Future studies in these continuous and hard-to-access forested areas will yield important new information regarding the interactions between flowers and invertebrates in the Atlantic Forest. There are no copyright restrictions on the data set. Please cite this data paper if the data are used in publications and teaching events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Boscolo
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution (IN-TREE), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Nobrega Rodrigues
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution (IN-TREE), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Alves Ferreira
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution (IN-TREE), Salvador, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCAR, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Luciano Elsinor Lopes
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution (IN-TREE), Salvador, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCAR, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Laura Nery
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Blandina Felipe Viana
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution (IN-TREE), Salvador, Brazil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | - Favízia Freitas de Oliveira
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution (IN-TREE), Salvador, Brazil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Milton Groppo
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Absy
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Camila Aoki
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mariana Beal-Neves
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Liedson Tavares Carneiro
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de Alfenas UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Edilson Caron
- Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Palotina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eliana Cazetta
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz - UESC, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | | | | | - Renato Colares
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense - UNESC, Criciúma, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Cléber Covre
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES, Vitória, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcelo Duarte
- Universidade de São Paulo, Museu de Zoologia - MZUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joelcio Freitas
- Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica - INMA, Santa Teresa, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Galetto
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - UNC - CONICET, Cordoba, Argentina
| | | | | | - Nicole Luize Garcia
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Juliana Hipólito
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution (IN-TREE), Salvador, Brazil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Salvador, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Rafael Kamke
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Reinanda Lima
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tatiana Machado
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution (IN-TREE), Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Mahlmann
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | | | - Felipe Martello
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCAR, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rafael Martins
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense - UNESC, Criciúma, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luiz Menini Neto
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Eduardo Freitas Moreira
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution (IN-TREE), Salvador, Brazil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin Pareja
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fabio Prezoto
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ananza Mara Rabello
- Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará - UNIFESSPA, São Félix do Xingu, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ludmila Rattis
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA.,Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia - IPAM, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Caroline Ribeiro
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR, Curitiba, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Lizandra Jaqueline Robe
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Nádia Roque
- Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hermes José Schmitz
- Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana - UNILA, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cláudia Inês Silva
- Consultoria Inteligente em Serviços Ecossistêmicos - CISE, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Oliveira da Silva
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution (IN-TREE), Salvador, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de Sergipe - UFS, Nossa Senhora da Glória, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Denise Silveira
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Josefina Steiner
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elisabete Maria Zanin
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões - URI, Erechim, Brazil
| | - Mauro Galetti
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rio Claro, Brazil
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Katayama N, Tanimura K. Growth-Promotion Effects of Dissolved Amino Acids in Three Species of Hynobius Salamander Hatchlings. Zoolog Sci 2023; 40:13-18. [PMID: 36744705 DOI: 10.2108/zs220040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that aquatic vertebrates may be able to meet their energy requirements by using the amino acids dissolved in environmental water. If this ability can be applied to aquatic organisms generally, then conventional ecological theories related to food web interactions should be revisited, as this would likely bring about significant advances in applications. Here, we prepared two 1 mM amino acid (phenylalanine and glycine) solutions in environmental water and conducted laboratory experiments to demonstrate the utilization of dissolved amino acids by hatchlings of three salamander species (Ezo: Hynobius retardatus, Tohoku: Hynobius lichenatus, and Japanese black: Hynobius nigrescens). Compared to controls (no amino acids in environmental water), the growth rate for Ezo salamanders was higher when larvae were reared in phenylalanine solution, while that for Japanese black salamanders was higher in glycine and phenylalanine solutions. Amino acids in environmental water had no effect on the growth of Tohoku salamanders. However, when growth was divided into early (days 1 to 5) and late (days 5 to 7) developmental stages, growth in early-developmental stage individuals was improved by phenylalanine treatment, even in Tohoku salamanders. The results showed that the growth of salamander larvae was improved when salamanders were reared in environmental water with high amino acid concentrations. Although aquatic bacteria may not have been removed completely from the environmental water, no other eukaryotes were present. Our results suggest an overlooked nutrient pathway in which aquatic vertebrates take up dissolved amino acids without mediation by other eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Katayama
- General Education, Faculty of Commerce, Otaru University of Commerce, Otaru, Hokkaido 047-8501, Japan,
| | - Keina Tanimura
- General Education, Faculty of Commerce, Otaru University of Commerce, Otaru, Hokkaido 047-8501, Japan
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42
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Wu D, Xu C, Wang S, Zhang L, Kortsch S. Why are biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships so elusive? Trophic interactions may amplify ecosystem function variability. J Anim Ecol 2023; 92:367-376. [PMID: 36062409 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functions (BEFs) has attracted great interest. Studies on BEF have so far focused on the average trend of ecosystem function as species diversity increases. A tantalizing but rarely addressed question is why large variations in ecosystem functions are often observed across systems with similar species diversity, likely obscuring observed BEFs. Here we use a multi-trophic food web model in combination with empirical data to examine the relationships between species richness and the variation in ecosystem functions (VEFs) including biomass, metabolism, decomposition, and primary and secondary production. We then probe the mechanisms underlying these relationships, focusing on the role of trophic interactions. While our results reinforce the previously documented positive BEF relationships, we found that ecosystem functions exhibit significant variation within each level of species richness and the magnitude of this variation displays a hump-shaped relationship with species richness. Our analyses demonstrate that VEFs is reduced when consumer diversity increases through elevated nonlinearity in trophic interactions, and/or when the diversity of basal species such as producers and decomposers decreases. This explanation is supported by a 34-year empirical food web time series from the Gulf of Riga ecosystem. Our work suggests that biodiversity loss may not only result in ecosystem function decline, but also reduce the predictability of functions by generating greater function variability among ecosystems. It thus helps to reconcile the debate on the generality of positive BEF relationships and to disentangle the drivers of ecosystem stability. The role of trophic interactions and the variation in their strengths mediated by functional responses in shaping ecosystem function variation warrants further investigations and better incorporation into biodiversity-ecosystem functioning research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- School of Mathematical Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Chi Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lai Zhang
- School of Mathematical Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Susanne Kortsch
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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43
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Weber S, Junk I, Brink L, Wörner M, Künzel S, Veith M, Teubner D, Klein R, Paulus M, Krehenwinkel H, Krehenwinkel H. Molecular diet analysis in mussels and other metazoan filter feeders and an assessment of their utility as natural eDNA samplers. Mol Ecol Resour 2023; 23:471-485. [PMID: 36056614 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Molecular gut content analysis is a popular tool to study food web interactions and has recently been suggested as an alternative source for DNA-based biomonitoring. However, the overabundant consumer's DNA often outcompetes that of its diet during PCR. Lineage-specific primers are an efficient means to reduce consumer amplification while retaining broad specificity for dietary taxa. Here, we designed an amplicon sequencing assay to monitor the eukaryotic diet of mussels and other metazoan filter feeders and explore the utility of mussels as natural eDNA samplers to monitor planktonic communities. We designed several lineage-specific rDNA primers with broad taxonomic suitability for eukaryotes. The primers were tested using DNA extracts of different limnic and marine mussel species and the results compared to eDNA water samples collected next to the mussel colonies. In addition, we analysed several 25-year time series samples of mussels from German rivers. Our primer sets efficiently prevent the amplification of mussels and other metazoans. The recovered DNA reflects a broad dietary preference across the eukaryotic tree of life and considerable taxonomic overlap with filtered water samples. We also show the utility of a reversed version of our primers, which prevents amplification of nonmetazoan taxa from complex eukaryote community samples, by enriching fauna associated with the marine brown algae Fucus vesiculosus. Our protocol will enable large-scale dietary analysis in metazoan filter feeders, facilitate aquatic food web analysis and allow surveying of aquacultures for pathogens. Moreover, we show that mussels and other aquatic filter feeders can serve as complementary DNA source for biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sven Künzel
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Ploen, Germany
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44
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Dou S, Liu B, Liu Y, Zhang J, Lu Y. Intraguild Predation of Hippodamia variegata on Aphid Mummies in Cotton Field. Insects 2023; 14:81. [PMID: 36662008 PMCID: PMC9862560 DOI: 10.3390/insects14010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Intraguild predation among arthropod predators in agricultural ecosystems may have a negative impact on biological control. At present, there are few direct reports on trophic relationships among participants of predation in field groups. In this study, we measured the feeding choices of Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) towards mummies with different densities of Aphis gossypii Glover. The dynamics of the occurrence of mummies in the cotton field were investigated over 2017-2019. Singleplex PCR and multiplex PCR were used to detect the predation of 2090 H. variegata individuals on aphids and mummies in Xinjiang cotton field, which revealed the intraguild predation frequency between H. variegata and various parasitoids. There was no obvious feeding preference of H. variegata towards live aphids or mummies, which mainly depended on the relative density of prey. Among the four species of aphids detected in H. variegata, A. gossypii had a high detection rate and was the main prey source of the ladybeetle in the cotton filed. Mostly, ladybeetles consumed parasitoids through mummies, with 6.39% directly feeding on adult parasitoids. H. variegata had strong trophic links to both parasitoids and aphids. We established a food web of aphids-primary parasitoids-hyperparasitoids-H. variegata, which can be used to evaluate the pest control ability of H. variegata from a new perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Dou
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization/Key Laboratory at Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China;
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (B.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (B.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yangtian Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (B.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization/Key Laboratory at Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China;
| | - Yanhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (B.L.); (Y.L.)
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China
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45
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Amiraux R, Yurkowski DJ, Archambault P, Pierrejean M, Mundy CJ. Top predator sea stars are the benthic equivalent to polar bears of the pelagic realm. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2216701120. [PMID: 36574678 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216701120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine pelagic compartment spans numerous trophic levels and consists of numerous reticulate connections between species from primary producers to iconic apex predators, while the benthic compartment is perceived to be simpler in structure and comprised of only low trophic level species. Here, we challenge this paradigm by illustrating that the benthic compartment is home to a subweb of similar structure and complexity to that of the pelagic realm, including the benthic equivalent to iconic polar bears: megafaunal-predatory sea stars.
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46
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Ohkouchi N. A new era of isotope ecology: Nitrogen isotope ratio of amino acids as an approach for unraveling modern and ancient food web. Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci 2023; 99:131-154. [PMID: 37164681 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.99.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Food web research is rapidly expanding through study of natural fractional abundance of 15N in individual amino acids. This paper overviews the principles of this isotope approach, and from my perspective, reanalyzes applications, and further extends the discussion. It applies kinetic isotope effects that enriches 15N in certain amino acids associated with the metabolic processes, which was clearly demonstrated by observations of both natural ecosystem and laboratory experiments. In trophic processes 'trophic amino acids' such as glutamic acid that significantly enrich 15N, whereas 'source amino acids' such as phenylalanine and methionine show little 15N enrichment. Through various applications conducted over the years, the principles of the method have shown to operate well and disentangle complex food webs and relevant problems. Applications include food chain length estimate, nitrogen resource assessment, tracking fish migration, and reconstruction of paleodiet. With this approach, considerations of a wide range of classical issues have been reinvigorated, while in the same time, new challenging frontiers are emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiko Ohkouchi
- Biogeochemistry Research Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology
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47
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Nichols PD, Pethybridge HR, Zhang B, Virtue P, Meyer L, Dhurmeea Z, Marcus L, Ericson JA, Hellessey N, Every S, Wheatley K, Parrish CC, Eisenmann P, Baylis AMM, Bradshaw CJA, Bierwagen SL, Young JW, Couturier LIE, Rohner CA, Groß J, Waugh C, Phleger CF, Jackson C, Jackson G, Huveneers C, Bengtson Nash S, Brock M, Mansour P. Fatty acid profiles of more than 470 marine species from the Southern Hemisphere. Ecology 2023; 104:e3888. [PMID: 36208280 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Lipid and fatty acid datasets are commonly used to assess the nutritional composition of organisms, trophic ecology, and ecosystem dynamics. Lipids and their fatty acid constituents are essential nutrients to all forms of life because they contribute to biological processes such as energy flow and metabolism. Assessment of total lipids in tissues of organisms provides information on energy allocation and life-history strategies and can be an indicator of nutritional condition. The analysis of an organism's fatty acids is a widely used technique for assessing nutrient and energy transfer, and dietary interactions in food webs. Although there have been many published regional studies that assessed lipid and fatty acid compositions, many only report the mean values of the most abundant fatty acids. There are limited individual records available for wider use in intercomparison or macro-scale studies. This dataset consists of 4856 records of individual and pooled samples of at least 470 different marine consumer species sampled from tropical, temperate, and polar regions around Australia and in the Southern, Indian, and Pacific Oceans from 1989 to 2018. This includes data for a diverse range of taxa (zooplankton, fish, cephalopods, chondrichthyans, and marine mammals), size ranges (0.02 cm to ~13 m), and that cover a broad range of trophic positions (2.0-4.6). When known, we provide a record of species name, date of sampling, sampling location, body size, relative (%) measurements of tissue-specific total lipid content and abundant fatty acids, and absolute content (mg 100 g-1 tissue) of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n3) as important long-chain (≥C20 ) polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids. These records form a solid basis for comparative studies that will facilitate a broad understanding of the spatial and temporal distribution of marine lipids globally. The dataset also provides reference data for future dietary assessments of marine predators and model assessments of potential impacts of climate change on the availability of marine lipids and fatty acids. There are 480 data records within our data file for which the providers have requested that permission for reuse be granted, with the likely condition that they are included as a coauthor on the reporting of the dataset. Records with this condition are indicated by a "yes" under "Conditions_of_data_use" in Data S1: Marineconsumer_FAdata.csv (see Table 2 in Metadata S1 for more details). For all other data records marked as "No" under "Conditions_of_data_use," there are no copyright restrictions for research and/or teaching purposes. We request that users acknowledge use of the data in publications, research proposals, websites, and other outlets via formal citation of this work and original data sources as applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Nichols
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,IMAS, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Bowen Zhang
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,IMAS, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Patti Virtue
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,IMAS, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Lauren Meyer
- Southern Shark Ecology Group, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Zahirah Dhurmeea
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,Department of Biosciences and Ocean Studies, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius.,IRD - Research Unit Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation & Conservation (MARBEC), Plouzané, France
| | - Lara Marcus
- IMAS, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural and Oceanographic Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jessica A Ericson
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,IMAS, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Nicole Hellessey
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,IMAS, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sharon Every
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.,Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Kathryn Wheatley
- IMAS, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,Marine Environmental Consultant, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher C Parrish
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Pascale Eisenmann
- Southern Ocean Persistent Organic Pollutants Program, Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alastair M M Baylis
- South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute, Stanley, FIQQ1ZZ, Falkland Islands
| | - Corey J A Bradshaw
- Global Ecology (Partuyarta Ngadluki Wardli Kuu), College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stacy L Bierwagen
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jock W Young
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Lydie I E Couturier
- Environmental Intégration Program, France Energies Marines, Plouzané, France
| | | | - Jasmin Groß
- Southern Ocean Persistent Organic Pollutants Program, Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Courtney Waugh
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Steinkjer, Norway
| | | | - Christine Jackson
- IMAS, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,Earth and Biological Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - George Jackson
- Earth and Biological Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Charlie Huveneers
- Southern Shark Ecology Group, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Susan Bengtson Nash
- Southern Ocean Persistent Organic Pollutants Program, Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mina Brock
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Peter Mansour
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Kaspari M, Welti EAR. Electrolytes on the prairie: How urine-like additions of Na and K shape the dynamics of a grassland food web. Ecology 2023; 104:e3856. [PMID: 36053835 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The electrolytes Na and K both function to maintain water balance and membrane potential. However, these elements work differently in plants-where K is the primary electrolyte-than in animals-where ATPases require a balanced supply of Na and K. Here, we use monthly factorial additions of Na and K to simulate bovine urine inputs and explore how these electrolytes ramify through a prairie food web. Against a seasonal trend of increasing grass biomass and decreasing water and elemental tissue concentrations, +K and +Na plots boosted water content and, when added together, plant biomass. Compared to control plots, +Na and +K plots increased element concentrations in above-ground plant tissue early in summer and decreased them in September. Simultaneously, invertebrate abundance on Na and K additions were sequentially higher and lower than control plots from June to September and were most suppressed when grass was most nutrient rich. K was the more effective plant electrolyte, but Na frequently promoted similar changes in grass ionomes. The soluble/leachable ions of Na and K showed significant ability to shape plant growth, water content, and the 15-element ionome, with consequences for higher trophic levels. Grasslands with high inputs of Na and K-via large mammal grazers or coastal aerosol deposition-likely enhance the ability of plants to adjust their above-ground ionomes, with dramatic consequences for the distribution of invertebrate consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kaspari
- Geographical Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Ellen A R Welti
- Geographical Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA.,Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Gelnhausen, Germany
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49
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Zheng X, Wu X, Zheng Q, Mai BX, Qiu R. Transfer of Microplastics in Terrestrial and Aquatic Food Webs: The Impact of E-Waste Debris and Ecological Traits. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 57:1300-1308. [PMID: 36577390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Factors affecting the trophic transfer of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems remain to be clarified. Here, we determined the abundances of MPs in multiple terrestrial and aquatic species, including insects, snails, crustaceans, fishes, snakes, birds, and voles, from an abandoned e-waste recycling site. Approximately 80% of MPs were within the size range 20-50 μm. In wildlife, the MP abundances per individual and per body weight were found to be positively and negatively correlated with body weight, respectively. Herein, terrestrial vertebrates, primarily birds, exhibited more complex compositions of polymer types than other organisms owing to the wide foraging areas and diverse food sources. However, according to the MPs modeled and the observed results in bird food chains, MPs do not appear to be preferentially retained in the bird gastrointestinal tract. The species-specific polymer types identified indicate the influences of habitat on MP pollution in organisms, which is further supported by significant correlations between the abundance of MPs and δ13C in the terrestrial food web (p < 0.05). In the analyzed bird species, the low MP abundance detected in birds compared with the amount of food ingested indicates that MPs constitute a negligible factor in the bioaccumulation of chemical pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zheng
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou510640, China
| | - Rongliang Qiu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, China
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50
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Liang D, Luo H, Huang C, Ye Z, Sun S, Dong J, Liang M, Lin S, Yang Y. High-throughput sequencing reveals omnivorous and preferential diets of the rotifer Polyarthra in situ. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1048619. [PMID: 36620053 PMCID: PMC9810806 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1048619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of in situ diet of widespread rotifers is crucial for accurately understanding the trophic position, ecological function, and adaptability to environmental changes in aquatic ecosystems. However, it is challenging to achieve the in situ diet information due to the lack of efficient and comprehensive methods. Here, we investigated the diet composition of Polyarthra in a subtropical lake using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) of a rRNA metabarcode for Polyarthra and ambient water samples. After eliminating Polyarthra sequences, a total of 159 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from taxa in 15 phyla were detected from Polyarthra gut content samples. Most of the OTUs belong to Chlorophyta, followed by unclassified Fungi, Chrysophyta, Dinoflagellata, Ciliophora, Bacillariophyta, Cryptophyta, Arthropoda, Cercozoa, Mollusca, Apicomplexa, Haptophyta, Amoebozoa, Chordata and other eukaryotes. Our results showed that Polyarthra mainly grazed on Chlorophyta, which may result from the high relative abundance of Chlorophyta in ambient waters. In contrast, Chrysophyceae and Synurophyceae were enriched in Polyarthra's gut, indicating that this rotifer prefers these taxa as food. Moreover, correlation analysis showed that total nitrogen, transparency, depth, Chlorophyll-a and total phosphorus were key factors for the variation of the eukaryotic community in the Polyarthra gut contents. When the concentration of nutrients in the water environment decreased, Polyarthra shifted from herbivorous feeding to more carnivorous feeding. Thus, Polyarthra is generally omnivorous but preference for Chrysophytes and Synurophytes, and it responds to the environmental changes by adopting a flexible feeding strategy. This could partly explain why the widespread rotifers have apparently wide tolerance toward spatial and environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diwen Liang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ecological Simulation and Protection, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEE, Guangzhou, China,Institute of Hydrobiology and Research Center of Low Carbon Economy for Guangzhou Region, Jinan University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangzhou, China,Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, United States
| | - Hailin Luo
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ecological Simulation and Protection, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEE, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunrong Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ecological Simulation and Protection, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEE, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Ye
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ecological Simulation and Protection, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEE, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangshuang Sun
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ecological Simulation and Protection, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEE, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahua Dong
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ecological Simulation and Protection, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEE, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyi Liang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ecological Simulation and Protection, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEE, Guangzhou, China
| | - Senjie Lin
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, United States,*Correspondence: Senjie Lin,
| | - Yufeng Yang
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Research Center of Low Carbon Economy for Guangzhou Region, Jinan University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangzhou, China,Yufeng Yang,
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