Atlantic flower-invertebrate interactions: A data set of occurrence and frequency of floral visits

Encounters between flowers and invertebrates are key events for the functioning of tropical forests. Assessing the structure of networks composed of the interactions between those partners leads to a better understanding of ecosystem functioning and the effects of environmental factors on ecological processes. Gathering such data is, however, costly and time-consuming, especially in the highly diverse tropics. We aimed to provide a comprehensive repository of available flower-invertebrate interaction information for the Atlantic Forest, a South American tropical forest domain. Data were obtained from published works and "gray literature," such as theses and dissertations, as well as self-reports by co-authors. The data set has ~18,000 interaction records forming 482 networks, each containing between one and 1061 interaction links. Each network was sampled for about 200 h or less, with few exceptions. A total of 641 plant genera within 136 different families and 39 orders were reported, with the most abundant and rich families being Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Rubiaceae. Invertebrates interacting with these plants were all arthropods from 10 orders, 129 families, and 581 genera, comprising 2419 morphotypes (including 988 named species). Hymenoptera was the most abundant and diverse order, with at least six times more records than the second-ranked order (Lepidoptera). The complete data set shows Hymenoptera interacting with all plant orders and also shows Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Hemiptera to be important nodes. Among plants, Asterales and Fabales had the highest number of interactions. The best sampled environment was forest (~8000 records), followed by pastures and crops. Savanna, grasslands, and urban environments (among others) were also reported, indicating a wide range of approaches dedicated to collecting flower-invertebrate interaction data in the Atlantic Forest domain. Nevertheless, most reported data were from forest understory or lower strata, indicating a knowledge gap about flower-invertebrate interactions at the canopy. Also, access to remote regions remains a limitation, generating sampling bias across the geographical range of the Atlantic Forest. Future studies in these continuous and hard-to-access forested areas will yield important new information regarding the interactions between flowers and invertebrates in the Atlantic Forest. There are no copyright restrictions on the data set. Please cite this data paper if the data are used in publications and teaching events.

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data.

Urinary tract abnormalities (UTA) and associated malformations: data of the Emilia-Romagna Registry. IMER Group. Emilia-Romagna Registry on Congenital Malformations

An epidemiological study on the urinary tract anomalies (UTA) associated with other congenital malformations or syndromes ascertained by the Emilia-Romagna Registry on Congenital Malformations (IMER) among 209,882 consecutive births monitored during the period 1981-1990 is presented. UTA were ascertained in 349 infants for a rate at birth of 16.6 per 10,000 total births, or one case for every 600 births. The occurrence rate of UTA increased significantly during the ten years of monitoring passing from 6.1 per 10,000 in 1981-1982 to 25.1 in 1989-1990 (r = 0.85; p < 0.001). This increase is in connection with a progressively higher notification of isolated cases of UTA, directly related to the impact of the prenatal diagnosis. Among the 349 cases, 106 (30.4%) were associated with other conditions, including 18 who had chromosomal aberrations (ChrA). The incidence in the total number of the ChrA registered was 43.6 per 1,000. Genetic syndromes (GS) in 33 cases with a specific rate of 150 per 1,000, and 55 cases of multiples with a specific rate of 205.2 per 1,000. In multiples we observed some preferential associations of UTA with intestinal defects and severe ear defects (p < 0.001) and for Central Nervous System and heart defects (p < 0.05). UTA are often associated with other extrarenal defects and sometimes are a component of syndromes that are difficult to identify and for which genetic implications are great and genetic counselling necessary. Pediatricians need to be aware of the possible involvement of the kidney in specific and rare syndromes, and pediatric nephrologists must recognize the association of renal diseases with abnormalities in other physiological systems.

Neonatal medical problems

The scope of clinical problems presented to the neonatologist by the antenatal diagnosis of a central nervous system anomaly is presented. The possibility of a missed fetal diagnosis and the need for careful clinical examination and judicious use of other diagnostic means are also stressed.