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Kirkpatrick CE, Lawrie LL. TikTok as a Source of Health Information and Misinformation for Young Women in the United States: Survey Study. JMIR Infodemiology 2024; 4:e54663. [PMID: 38772020 DOI: 10.2196/54663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TikTok is one of the most-used and fastest-growing social media platforms in the world, and recent reports indicate that it has become an increasingly popular source of news and information in the United States. These trends have important implications for public health because an abundance of health information exists on the platform. Women are among the largest group of TikTok users in the United States and may be especially affected by the dissemination of health information on TikTok. Prior research has shown that women are not only more likely to look for information on the internet but are also more likely to have their health-related behaviors and perceptions affected by their involvement with social media. OBJECTIVE We conducted a survey of young women in the United States to better understand their use of TikTok for health information as well as their perceptions of TikTok's health information and health communication sources. METHODS A web-based survey of US women aged 18 to 29 years (N=1172) was conducted in April-May 2023. The sample was recruited from a Qualtrics research panel and 2 public universities in the United States. RESULTS The results indicate that the majority of young women in the United States who have used TikTok have obtained health information from the platform either intentionally (672/1026, 65.5%) or unintentionally (948/1026, 92.4%). Age (959/1026, 93.47%; r=0.30; P<.001), education (959/1026, 93.47%; ρ=0.10; P=.001), and TikTok intensity (ie, participants' emotional connectedness to TikTok and TikTok's integration into their daily lives; 959/1026, 93.47%; r=0.32; P<.001) were positively correlated with overall credibility perceptions of the health information. Nearly the entire sample reported that they think that misinformation is prevalent on TikTok to at least some extent (1007/1026, 98.15%), but a third-person effect was found because the young women reported that they believe that other people are more susceptible to health misinformation on TikTok than they personally are (t1025=21.16; P<.001). Both health professionals and general users were common sources of health information on TikTok: 93.08% (955/1026) of the participants indicated that they had obtained health information from a health professional, and 93.86% (963/1026) indicated that they had obtained health information from a general user. The respondents showed greater preference for health information from health professionals (vs general users; t1025=23.75; P<.001); the respondents also reported obtaining health information from health professionals more often than from general users (t1025=8.13; P<.001), and they were more likely to act on health information from health professionals (vs general users; t1025=12.74; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that health professionals and health communication scholars need to proactively consider using TikTok as a platform for disseminating health information to young women because young women are obtaining health information from TikTok and prefer information from health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciera E Kirkpatrick
- College of Journalism & Mass Communications, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - LaRissa L Lawrie
- School of Journalism, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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Lambert R, Choo ZY, Gradwohl K, Schroedl L, Ruiz De Luzuriaga A. Assessing the Application of Large Language Models in Generating Dermatologic Patient Education Materials According to Reading Level: Qualitative Study. JMIR Dermatol 2024; 7:e55898. [PMID: 38754096 DOI: 10.2196/55898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatologic patient education materials (PEMs) are often written above the national average seventh- to eighth-grade reading level. ChatGPT-3.5, GPT-4, DermGPT, and DocsGPT are large language models (LLMs) that are responsive to user prompts. Our project assesses their use in generating dermatologic PEMs at specified reading levels. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the ability of select LLMs to generate PEMs for common and rare dermatologic conditions at unspecified and specified reading levels. Further, the study aims to assess the preservation of meaning across such LLM-generated PEMs, as assessed by dermatology resident trainees. METHODS The Flesch-Kincaid reading level (FKRL) of current American Academy of Dermatology PEMs was evaluated for 4 common (atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, psoriasis, and herpes zoster) and 4 rare (epidermolysis bullosa, bullous pemphigoid, lamellar ichthyosis, and lichen planus) dermatologic conditions. We prompted ChatGPT-3.5, GPT-4, DermGPT, and DocsGPT to "Create a patient education handout about [condition] at a [FKRL]" to iteratively generate 10 PEMs per condition at unspecified fifth- and seventh-grade FKRLs, evaluated with Microsoft Word readability statistics. The preservation of meaning across LLMs was assessed by 2 dermatology resident trainees. RESULTS The current American Academy of Dermatology PEMs had an average (SD) FKRL of 9.35 (1.26) and 9.50 (2.3) for common and rare diseases, respectively. For common diseases, the FKRLs of LLM-produced PEMs ranged between 9.8 and 11.21 (unspecified prompt), between 4.22 and 7.43 (fifth-grade prompt), and between 5.98 and 7.28 (seventh-grade prompt). For rare diseases, the FKRLs of LLM-produced PEMs ranged between 9.85 and 11.45 (unspecified prompt), between 4.22 and 7.43 (fifth-grade prompt), and between 5.98 and 7.28 (seventh-grade prompt). At the fifth-grade reading level, GPT-4 was better at producing PEMs for both common and rare conditions than ChatGPT-3.5 (P=.001 and P=.01, respectively), DermGPT (P<.001 and P=.03, respectively), and DocsGPT (P<.001 and P=.02, respectively). At the seventh-grade reading level, no significant difference was found between ChatGPT-3.5, GPT-4, DocsGPT, or DermGPT in producing PEMs for common conditions (all P>.05); however, for rare conditions, ChatGPT-3.5 and DocsGPT outperformed GPT-4 (P=.003 and P<.001, respectively). The preservation of meaning analysis revealed that for common conditions, DermGPT ranked the highest for overall ease of reading, patient understandability, and accuracy (14.75/15, 98%); for rare conditions, handouts generated by GPT-4 ranked the highest (14.5/15, 97%). CONCLUSIONS GPT-4 appeared to outperform ChatGPT-3.5, DocsGPT, and DermGPT at the fifth-grade FKRL for both common and rare conditions, although both ChatGPT-3.5 and DocsGPT performed better than GPT-4 at the seventh-grade FKRL for rare conditions. LLM-produced PEMs may reliably meet seventh-grade FKRLs for select common and rare dermatologic conditions and are easy to read, understandable for patients, and mostly accurate. LLMs may play a role in enhancing health literacy and disseminating accessible, understandable PEMs in dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaella Lambert
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Zi-Yi Choo
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kelsey Gradwohl
- Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Liesl Schroedl
- Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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Zhao R, Lu X, Yang J, Li B. Understanding the Impact of Communicating Uncertainty About COVID-19 in the News: Randomized Between-Subjects Factorial Experiment. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e51910. [PMID: 38743940 PMCID: PMC11095512 DOI: 10.2196/51910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether and how the uncertainty about a public health crisis should be communicated to the general public have been important and yet unanswered questions arising over the past few years. As the most threatening contemporary public health crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic has renewed interest in these unresolved issues by both academic scholars and public health practitioners. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of communicating uncertainty about COVID-19-related threats and solutions on individuals' risk perceptions and misinformation vulnerability, as well as the sequential impact of these effects on health information processing and preventative behavioral intentions. METHODS A 2×2 (threat uncertainty [presence vs absence]×solution uncertainty [presence vs absence]) full-fractional between-subjects online experiment was conducted with 371 Chinese adults. Focusing on the discussion of whether the asymptomatic cases detected during the COVID-19 pandemic would further lead to an uncontrolled pandemic, news articles were manipulated in terms of whether the infectiousness of asymptomatic cases and the means to control the transmission are presented in terms of their certainty or uncertainty. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the four experimental conditions, being instructed to read one news article. After reading the news article assigned, participants were asked to respond to a series of questions to assess their cognitive and behavioral responses. RESULTS Individuals were more susceptible to believing false COVID-19-related information when a certain threat and uncertain solution were framed in the news article. Moreover, individuals' perceptions of crisis severity increased when exposed to news information containing uncertain solutions. Both misinformation vulnerability and perceived severity were positively associated with information processing. Information seeking was positively associated with protective behavioral intention, whereas information avoidance was negatively associated with protective behavioral intention. CONCLUSIONS Our findings imply that uncertainty, depending on its aspect, can be effectively communicated to the public during an emerging public health crisis. These results have theoretical and practical implications for health communicators and journalists. Given its limited influence on individuals' cognitive and behavioral responses, uncertainty related to a health threat should be disseminated to meet the public's expectation of information transparency. However, caution is advised when communicating uncertainty related to potential solutions, as this factor exhibited a mixed impact on individual responses during a crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- School of Journalism and Communication, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xuerong Lu
- School of Communication, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Jiayi Yang
- School of Chinese Language and Literature, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Li
- School of Journalism, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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Stimpson JP, Park S, Pruitt SL, Ortega AN. Variation in Trust in Cancer Information Sources by Perceptions of Social Media Health Mis- and Disinformation and by Race and Ethnicity Among Adults in the United States: Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Cancer 2024; 10:e54162. [PMID: 38717800 DOI: 10.2196/54162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mis- and disinformation on social media have become widespread, which can lead to a lack of trust in health information sources and, in turn, lead to negative health outcomes. Moreover, the effect of mis- and disinformation on trust in information sources may vary by racial and ethnic minoritized populations. OBJECTIVE We evaluated how trust in multiple sources of cancer information varied by perceptions of health mis- and disinformation on social media and by race and ethnicity. METHODS Cross-sectional, nationally representative survey data from noninstitutionalized adults in the United States from the 2022 Health Information National Trends Survey 6 (HINTS 6) were analyzed (N=4137). The dependent variable measured the level of trust in cancer information sources. The independent variables were perceptions about health mis- and disinformation on social media and race and ethnicity. Multivariable logistic regression models were adjusted for survey weight and design, age, birth gender, race and ethnicity, marital status, urban/rural designation, education, employment status, feelings about household income, frequency of social media visits, and personal and family history of cancer. We also tested the interaction effect between perceptions of social media health mis- and disinformation and participants' self-reported race and ethnicity. RESULTS Perception of "a lot of" health mis- and disinformation on social media, relative to perception of "less than a lot," was associated with a lower likelihood of high levels of trusting cancer information from government health agencies (odds ratio [OR] 0.60, 95% CI 0.47-0.77), family or friends (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.44-0.71), charitable organizations (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.63-0.96), and religious organizations and leaders (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.52-0.79). Among White participants, those who perceived a lot of health mis- and disinformation on social media were less likely to have high trust in cancer information from government health agencies (margin=61%, 95% CI 57%-66%) and family or friends (margin=49%, 95% CI 43%-55%) compared to those who perceived less than a lot of health mis- and disinformation on social media. Among Black participants, those who perceived a lot of health mis- and disinformation on social media were less likely to have high trust in cancer information from religious organizations and leaders (margin=20%, 95% CI 10%-30%) compared to participants who perceived no or a little health mis- and disinformation on social media. CONCLUSIONS Certain sources of cancer information may need enhanced support against the threat of mis- and disinformation, such as government health agencies, charitable organizations, religious organizations and leaders, and family or friends. Moreover, interventions should partner with racial and ethnically minoritized populations that are more likely to have low trust in certain cancer information sources associated with mis- and disinformation on social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim P Stimpson
- Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Sungchul Park
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sandi L Pruitt
- Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Alexander N Ortega
- Thompson School of Social Work and Public Health, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
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Gao X, Ding F, Wang M, Kong C. What drives older men who have sex with men in China away from AIDS information? AIDS Care 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38648522 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2024.2343767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
A worrying phenomenon has emerged recently: more people are deliberately avoiding rather than seeking information regarding acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This is the first study to explore behaviors related to AIDS information avoidance and the potential influential factors among older men who have sex with men (MSM). We enrolled 11 older MSM from Wuhan, the largest city in central China, from January to March 2023 using a phenomenological method. This qualitative research was conducted using face-to-face semi-structured interviews. AIDS information avoidance was commonly observed among the respondents. Behaviors related to AIDS information avoidance included avoiding AIDS-related information, ignoring known AIDS information, and avoiding medical care. The main factors associated with AIDS information avoidance included information overload, high-risk sexual behaviors, over-optimism, fear of disclosure, and age. China should provide AIDS information in a manner suitable for older MSM, pay more attention to MSM over the age of 70 years, those who are not open about their sexual orientation and those who are too optimistic, and strengthen the censorship of AIDS information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Gao
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Nursing Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Ding
- Department of Information Management Science, School of Information Management, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Wang
- Nursing Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chan Kong
- Nursing Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Hopayian K, Dimosthenous S. The utility of the classification tools in National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence's Clinical Knowledge Summaries for primary care. Fam Pract 2024; 41:194-197. [PMID: 37703115 PMCID: PMC11017775 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmad091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence provides a web-based resource, Clinical Knowledge Summaries (CKS), whose aim is to give evidence-based guidance for primary care practitioners and students. Included in the information it provides, are tools for the classification of conditions. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to measure the proportion and utility of the classification tools that have implications for management. METHODS Each topic on the CKS website was screened in alphabetical order for the presence of a classification tool. The linkage to management and the strength of recommendations were extracted by 2 researchers working independently. Disagreements were resolved through discussion. RESULTS Classification tools were present for 35 conditions. There were 52 tools in all. A strong recommendation for their use was made in 37% while for a sizeable minority, 46%, the strength of recommendation was uncertain. There was a relation between strength of recommendation and linkage: for the stronger recommendation, 76% had some form of implication for management. CONCLUSION Relevance is an important feature of a guideline for general practitioners (GPs). Given that nearly half its tools have no utility in guiding management, CKS may need to consider whether extraneous information should be disposed of or retained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevork Hopayian
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Sotiris Dimosthenous
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Alkhuwaiter SS, Alssafi F, Alshunaiber R, Ahmed YB, Albdah B. Quality and Readability Assessment of Web-based Arabic Health Information on Early Childhood Caries. Saudi J Med Med Sci 2024; 12:188-193. [PMID: 38764566 PMCID: PMC11098268 DOI: 10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_443_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Background Patients are increasingly using the internet for searching health-related information. However, the quality and readability of the information available on the internet need to be assessed. To date, no study has assessed the quality and readability of web-based Arabic health information on early childhood caries. Objectives To evaluate the quality and readability of patient-oriented online Arabic health information regarding early childhood caries. Materials and Methods For this infodemiological study, the Google and Yahoo search engines were searched using specific Arabic terms for early childhood caries, and the top 100 searches from both search engines were considered. Eligible websites were categorized in terms of affiliation as commercial, health portal, dental practice, professional, and journalism. The quality of the websites was assessed using the QUality Evaluation Scoring Tool (QUEST), and readability using the Gunning Fog index (GFI). Results A total of 140 websites were included after applying the exclusion criteria, of which 50.7% websites were of journalism. The majority of the websites (70%) had an overall low-quality level, with a QUEST score <10. The quality of websites retrieved from Google searches was of significantly higher quality than those from Yahoo (P < 0.0001). More than half (51.4%) of the websites had good readability, with a GFI score ≤8. Journalism websites had a significantly higher proportion of websites with poor readability level (62%) compared with other affiliations (P = 0.0072). Conclusion The web-based Arabic information regarding early childhood caries is currently of low quality and moderate readability level, thereby indicating a need for improving such patient-facing content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahad S. Alkhuwaiter
- Department of Orthodontic and Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Alssafi
- Private Dental Practice, Pediatric Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Yasser Bin Ahmed
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bayan Albdah
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Section of Biostatistics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Mishra V, Dexter JP. Response of Unvaccinated US Adults to Official Information About the Pause in Use of the Johnson & Johnson-Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine: Cross-Sectional Survey Study. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e41559. [PMID: 38557597 PMCID: PMC11019423 DOI: 10.2196/41559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Using a rapid response web-based survey, we identified gaps in public understanding of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's messaging about the pause in use of the Johnson & Johnson-Janssen COVID-19 vaccine and estimated changes in vaccine hesitancy using counterfactual questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishala Mishra
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Joseph P Dexter
- Data Science Initiative, Harvard University, Allston, MA, United States
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao
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Al-Adhami M, Durbeej N, Daryani A, Wångdahl J, Larsson EC, Salari R. Can extended health communication improve newly settled refugees' health literacy? A quasi-experimental study from Sweden. Health Promot Int 2024; 39:daae015. [PMID: 38430509 PMCID: PMC10908352 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daae015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Structural and contextual factors such as limited work and housing opportunities negatively affect the health and well-being of newly settled refugee migrants in receiving high-income countries. Health promotion initiatives aiming at strengthening health and integration have been tried out within the Swedish Introduction program for refugee migrants. However, longitudinal evaluations of these interventions are rare. The aim of the current study was to compare the effectiveness of a regular and an extended civic orientation course with added health communication and examine whether the latter would improve self-rated health and psychological well-being, health literacy and social capital among newly settled refugee migrants in Sweden. Pre- and post-assessment questionnaires were collected from the intervention group receiving the extended course (n = 143) and a control group receiving the regular course (n = 173). Linear mixed models and chi-square analyses showed a significant increase with a small effect size (0.21) in health literacy in the intervention group. However, there were no significant changes in emotional and practical support, general self-rated health or psychological well-being. The findings indicate that added health communication provided embedded in the civic orientation course can increase health literacy. However, further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the sustainability of the observed effect and examine whether these short-term improvements in health literacy translate to long-term advances in health and integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maissa Al-Adhami
- Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
- Research and Learning for Sustainable Development and Global Health (SWEDESD), Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Hammarskjölds väg 14B, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Natalie Durbeej
- Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Achraf Daryani
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Josefin Wångdahl
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Tomtebodavägen 18 A, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elin C Larsson
- Research and Learning for Sustainable Development and Global Health (SWEDESD), Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Hammarskjölds väg 14B, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18 A, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raziye Salari
- Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
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Chlabicz M, Nabożny A, Koszelew J, Łaguna W, Szpakowicz A, Sowa P, Budny W, Guziejko K, Róg-Makal M, Pancewicz S, Kondrusik M, Czupryna P, Cudowska B, Lebensztejn D, Moniuszko-Malinowska A, Wierzbicki A, Kamiński KA. Medical Misinformation in Polish on the World Wide Web During the COVID-19 Pandemic Period: Infodemiology Study. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e48130. [PMID: 38551638 PMCID: PMC10984342 DOI: 10.2196/48130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although researchers extensively study the rapid generation and spread of misinformation about the novel coronavirus during the pandemic, numerous other health-related topics are contaminating the internet with misinformation that have not received as much attention. OBJECTIVE This study aims to gauge the reach of the most popular medical content on the World Wide Web, extending beyond the confines of the pandemic. We conducted evaluations of subject matter and credibility for the years 2021 and 2022, following the principles of evidence-based medicine with assessments performed by experienced clinicians. METHODS We used 274 keywords to conduct web page searches through the BuzzSumo Enterprise Application. These keywords were chosen based on medical topics derived from surveys administered to medical practitioners. The search parameters were confined to 2 distinct date ranges: (1) January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021; (2) January 1, 2022, to December 31, 2022. Our searches were specifically limited to web pages in the Polish language and filtered by the specified date ranges. The analysis encompassed 161 web pages retrieved in 2021 and 105 retrieved in 2022. Each web page underwent scrutiny by a seasoned doctor to assess its credibility, aligning with evidence-based medicine standards. Furthermore, we gathered data on social media engagements associated with the web pages, considering platforms such as Facebook, Pinterest, Reddit, and Twitter. RESULTS In 2022, the prevalence of unreliable information related to COVID-19 saw a noteworthy decline compared to 2021. Specifically, the percentage of noncredible web pages discussing COVID-19 and general vaccinations decreased from 57% (43/76) to 24% (6/25) and 42% (10/25) to 30% (3/10), respectively. However, during the same period, there was a considerable uptick in the dissemination of untrustworthy content on social media pertaining to other medical topics. The percentage of noncredible web pages covering cholesterol, statins, and cardiology rose from 11% (3/28) to 26% (9/35) and from 18% (5/28) to 26% (6/23), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Efforts undertaken during the COVID-19 pandemic to curb the dissemination of misinformation seem to have yielded positive results. Nevertheless, our analysis suggests that these interventions need to be consistently implemented across both established and emerging medical subjects. It appears that as interest in the pandemic waned, other topics gained prominence, essentially "filling the vacuum" and necessitating ongoing measures to address misinformation across a broader spectrum of health-related subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Chlabicz
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
- Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Nabożny
- Department of Software Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jolanta Koszelew
- R&D Department, Science4People Limited Liability Company, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Łaguna
- Faculty of Computer Science, Bialystok University of Technology, Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Szpakowicz
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Paweł Sowa
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Wojciech Budny
- Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Guziejko
- 2nd Department of Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Róg-Makal
- Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Sławomir Pancewicz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfection, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Maciej Kondrusik
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfection, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Czupryna
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfection, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Beata Cudowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutrition, Allergology and Pulmonology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Dariusz Lebensztejn
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutrition, Allergology and Pulmonology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfection, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Adam Wierzbicki
- Department of Computer Science, Polish-Japaneese Academy of Information Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol A Kamiński
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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11
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Rigby RC, Ferdinand AO, Kum HC, Schmit C. Data Sharing in a Decentralized Public Health System: Lessons From COVID-19 Syndromic Surveillance. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e52587. [PMID: 38546731 PMCID: PMC11009847 DOI: 10.2196/52587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic revealed that data sharing challenges persist across public health information systems. We examine the specific challenges in sharing syndromic surveillance data between state, local, and federal partners. These challenges are complicated by US federalism, which decentralizes public health response and creates friction between different government units. The current policies restrict federal access to state and local syndromic surveillance data without each jurisdiction's consent. These policies frustrate legitimate federal governmental interests and are contrary to ethical guidelines for public health data sharing. Nevertheless, state and local public health agencies must continue to play a central role as there are important risks in interpreting syndromic surveillance data without understanding local contexts. Policies establishing a collaborative framework will be needed to support data sharing between federal, state, and local partners. A collaborative framework would be enhanced by a governance group with robust state and local involvement and policy guardrails to ensure the use of data is appropriate. These policy and relational challenges must be addressed to actualize a truly national public health information system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Rigby
- Program in Health, Law, and Policy, Department of Health Policy and Management, Texas A&M University School of Public Health, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Alva O Ferdinand
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Texas A&M University School of Public Health, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Hye-Chung Kum
- Population Informatics Lab, Department of Health Policy and Management, Texas A&M University School of Public Health, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Cason Schmit
- Program in Health, Law, and Policy, Department of Health Policy and Management, Texas A&M University School of Public Health, College Station, TX, United States
- Population Informatics Lab, Department of Health Policy and Management, Texas A&M University School of Public Health, College Station, TX, United States
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Bindhu S, Nattam A, Xu C, Vithala T, Grant T, Dariotis JK, Liu H, Wu DTY. Roles of Health Literacy in Relation to Social Determinants of Health and Recommendations for Informatics-Based Interventions: Systematic Review. Online J Public Health Inform 2024; 16:e50898. [PMID: 38506914 PMCID: PMC10993137 DOI: 10.2196/50898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health literacy (HL) is the ability to make informed decisions using health information. As health data and information availability increase due to online clinic notes and patient portals, it is important to understand how HL relates to social determinants of health (SDoH) and the place of informatics in mitigating disparities. OBJECTIVE This systematic literature review aims to examine the role of HL in interactions with SDoH and to identify feasible HL-based interventions that address low patient understanding of health information to improve clinic note-sharing efficacy. METHODS The review examined 2 databases, Scopus and PubMed, for English-language articles relating to HL and SDoH. We conducted a quantitative analysis of study characteristics and qualitative synthesis to determine the roles of HL and interventions. RESULTS The results (n=43) were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively for study characteristics, the role of HL, and interventions. Most articles (n=23) noted that HL was a result of SDoH, but other articles noted that it could also be a mediator for SdoH (n=6) or a modifiable SdoH (n=14) itself. CONCLUSIONS The multivariable nature of HL indicates that it could form the basis for many interventions to combat low patient understandability, including 4 interventions using informatics-based solutions. HL is a crucial, multidimensional skill in supporting patient understanding of health materials. Designing interventions aimed at improving HL or addressing poor HL in patients can help increase comprehension of health information, including the information contained in clinic notes shared with patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwetha Bindhu
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Anunita Nattam
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Catherine Xu
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Tripura Vithala
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Tiffany Grant
- University of Cincinnati Libraries Research and Data Services, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jacinda K Dariotis
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- The Family Resiliency Center, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Hexuan Liu
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Danny T Y Wu
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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AlMeshrafi A, AlHamad AF, AlKuraidees H, AlNasser LA. Arabic Web-Based Information on Oral Lichen Planus: Content Analysis. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e49198. [PMID: 38502161 PMCID: PMC10988371 DOI: 10.2196/49198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of web-based health information (WBHI) is on the rise, serving as a valuable tool for educating the public about health concerns and enhancing treatment adherence. Consequently, evaluating the availability and quality of context-specific WBHI is crucial to tackle disparities in health literacy and advance population health outcomes. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore and assess the quality of the WBHI available and accessible to the public on oral lichen planus (OLP) in Arabic. METHODS The Arabic translation of the term OLP and its derivatives were searched in three general search platforms, and each platform's first few hundred results were reviewed for inclusion. We excluded content related to cutaneous LP, content not readily accessible to the public (eg, requiring subscription fees or directed to health care providers), and content not created by health care providers or organizations (ie, community forums, blogs, and social media). We assessed the quality of the Arabic WBHI with three standardized and validated tools: DISCERN, Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmarks, and Health On the Net (HON). RESULTS Of the 911 resources of WBHI reviewed for eligibility, 49 were included in this study. Most WBHI resources were provided by commercial affiliations (n=28, 57.1%), with the remainder from academic or not-for-profit affiliations. WBHI were often presented with visual aids (ie, images; n=33, 67.4%). DISCERN scores were highest for WBHI resources that explicitly stated their aim, while the lowest scores were for providing the effect of OLP (or OLP treatment) on the quality of life. One-quarter of the resources (n=11, 22.4%) met all 4 JAMA benchmarks, indicating the high quality of the WBHI, while the remainder of the WBHI failed to meet one or more of the JAMA benchmarks. HON scores showed that one-third of WBHI sources had scores above 75%, indicating higher reliability and credibility of the WBHI source, while one-fifth of the sources scored below 50%. Only 1 in 7 WBHI resources scored simultaneously high on all three quality instruments. Generally, WBHI from academic affiliations had higher quality scores than content provided by commercial affiliations. CONCLUSIONS There are considerable variations in the quality of WBHI on OLP in Arabic. Most WBHI resources were deemed to be of moderate quality at best. Providers of WBHI could benefit from increasing collaboration between commercial and academic institutions in creating WBHI and integrating guidance from international quality assessment tools to improve the quality and, hopefully, the utility of these valuable WBHI resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azzam AlMeshrafi
- Department of Periodontics, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa F AlHamad
- Dental Services, Ministry of National Gaurd Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Gaurd Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Gaurd Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Lubna A AlNasser
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Gaurd Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Population Health, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Gaurd Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Nkabane-Nkholongo E, Mpata-Mokgatle M, Jack BW, Julce C, Bickmore T. Usability and Acceptability of a Conversational Agent Health Education App (Nthabi) for Young Women in Lesotho: Quantitative Study. JMIR Hum Factors 2024; 11:e52048. [PMID: 38470460 DOI: 10.2196/52048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young women in Lesotho face myriad sexual and reproductive health problems. There is little time to provide health education to women in low-resource settings with critical shortages of human resources for health. OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the acceptability and usability of a conversational agent system, the Nthabi health promotion app, which was culturally adapted for use in Lesotho. METHODS We conducted a descriptive quantitative study, using a 22-item Likert scale survey to assess the perceptions of the usability and acceptability of 172 young women aged 18-28 years in rural districts of Lesotho, who used the system on either smartphones or tablets for up to 6 weeks. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the averages and frequencies of the variables. χ2 tests were used to determine any associations among variables. RESULTS A total of 138 participants were enrolled and completed the survey. The mean age was 22 years, most were unmarried, 56 (40.6%) participants had completed high school, 39 (28.3%) participants were unemployed, and 88 (63.8%) participants were students. Respondents believed the app was helpful, with 134 (97.1%) participants strongly agreeing or agreeing that the app was "effective in helping them make decisions" and "could quickly improve health education and counselling." In addition, 136 (98.5%) participants strongly agreed or agreed that the app was "simple to use," 130 (94.2 %) participants reported that Nthabi could "easily repeat words that were not well understood," and 128 (92.7%) participants reported that the app "could quickly load the information on the screen." Respondents were generally satisfied with the app, with 132 (95.6%) participants strongly agreeing or agreeing that the health education content delivered by the app was "well organised and delivered in a timely way," while 133 (96.4%) participants "enjoyed using the interface." They were satisfied with the cultural adaptation, with 133 (96.4%) participants strongly agreeing or agreeing that the app was "culturally appropriate and that it could be easily shared with a family or community members." They also reported that Nthabi was worthwhile, with 127 (92%) participants reporting that they strongly agreed or agreed that they were "satisfied with the application and intended to continue using it," while 135 (97.8%) participants would "encourage others to use it." Participants aged 18-24 years (vs those aged 25-28 years) agreed that the "Nthabi app was simple to use" (106/106, 100% vs 30/32, 98.8%; P=.01), and agreed that "the educational content was well organised and delivered in a timely way" (104/106, 98.1% vs 28/32, 87.5%; P=.01). CONCLUSIONS These results support further study of conversational agent systems as alternatives to traditional face-to-face provision of health education services in Lesotho, where there are critical shortages of human resources for health. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04354168; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04354168.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brian W Jack
- Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Clevanne Julce
- Umass Chan Medical School, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Timothy Bickmore
- Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
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Wang L, Siau CS, Baharom N, Hairol MI, Huang L, Wee LH. Media Search Frequency, Source Credibility About e-Cigarette Health Information, and Motivation to Quit EC Among University Students in Chengdu, China. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:895-907. [PMID: 38476623 PMCID: PMC10929557 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s430997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose E-cigarettes (ECs) are gaining popularity among young people. This study aimed to assess university student vapers' search frequency and source credibility of commonly used media in China, and their association with daily EC users' motivation to quit EC use. Participants and Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving an online quantitative survey in six universities in Chengdu, China. Participants answered questions on their EC use patterns, motivation to quit EC, use frequency and source credibility of media use. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were performed to determine the association between media search frequency and source credibility concerning EC health information with the motivation to quit EC. Results There were a total of 325 participants (Mean age = 20.43, SD = 1.333). Video platforms and social media were ranked frequently used by the participants and were deemed to be more trustworthy. Perceived trustworthiness of online media was the most influential predictor of motivation to quit EC. Those who reported a higher frequency of accessing video platforms and medical health applications recorded higher motivation to quit EC use. Source credibility of news portals were associated higher motivation to quit EC. The association between higher nicotine dependence and lower motivation to quit EC was attenuated when media source credibility and trustworthiness of online media were added into the fully adjusted regression models. Conclusion There is an association between media use frequency and source credibility to search for EC health information and motivation to quit vaping. More studies could be conducted to examine the effects of media use content on perceptions towards vaping and their motivation to quit vaping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Ya’an Polytechnic College, Ya’an, Sichuan, 625000, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia
| | - Ching Sin Siau
- Center for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia
| | - Nizam Baharom
- Primer Healthcare Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, 71800, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Izzuddin Hairol
- Center for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia
| | - Lixin Huang
- Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Hum Wee
- Center for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
- Non-Communicable Diseases and Public Health Research Group, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, 47500, Malaysia
- Digital Health and Innovations Impact Lab, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, 47500, Malaysia
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16
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Jia C, Li P. Generation Z's Health Information Avoidance Behavior: Insights From Focus Group Discussions. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e54107. [PMID: 38457223 PMCID: PMC10960220 DOI: 10.2196/54107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Younger generations actively use social media to access health information. However, research shows that they also avoid obtaining health information online at times when confronted with uncertainty. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine the phenomenon of health information avoidance among Generation Z, a representative cohort of active web users in this era. METHODS Drawing on the planned risk information avoidance model, we adopted a qualitative approach to explore the factors related to information avoidance within the context of health and risk communication. The researchers recruited 38 participants aged 16 to 25 years for the focus group discussion sessions. RESULTS In this study, we sought to perform a deductive qualitative analysis of the focus group interview content with open, focused, and theoretical coding. Our findings support several key components of the planned risk information avoidance model while highlighting the underlying influence of cognition on emotions. Specifically, socioculturally, group identity and social norms among peers lead some to avoid health information. Cognitively, mixed levels of risk perception, conflicting values, information overload, and low credibility of information sources elicited their information avoidance behaviors. Affectively, negative emotions such as anxiety, frustration, and the desire to stay positive contributed to avoidance. CONCLUSIONS This study has implications for understanding young users' information avoidance behaviors in both academia and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjin Jia
- School of Communication, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Malaysia
| | - Pengcheng Li
- School of Communication, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Malaysia
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17
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Roster K, Kann RB, Farabi B, Gronbeck C, Brownstone N, Lipner SR. Readability and Health Literacy Scores for ChatGPT-Generated Dermatology Public Education Materials: Cross-Sectional Analysis of Sunscreen and Melanoma Questions. JMIR Dermatol 2024; 7:e50163. [PMID: 38446502 PMCID: PMC10955394 DOI: 10.2196/50163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katie Roster
- New York Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Banu Farabi
- Dermatology Department, NYC Health + Hospital/Metropolitan, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christian Gronbeck
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut HealthCenter, Framington, CT, United States
| | - Nicholas Brownstone
- Department of Dermatology, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shari R Lipner
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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18
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Williams N, Griffin G, Wall M, Watson S, Warland J, Bradfield Z. Patient evaluation of gynaecological information provision and preferences. J Adv Nurs 2024; 80:1188-1200. [PMID: 37731325 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate gynaecological patients' preferences and satisfaction regarding information provision, exploring enablers and barriers to information access. DESIGN A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used. METHODS A total of 293 women accessing gynaecological services responded to the survey. Quantitative analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics. Content analysis was conducted on qualitative data. RESULTS Health professionals were the most common and preferred sources of gynaecological health information. Enablers to information provision included positive communication strategies by health professionals, participants having prior knowledge and doing their own research. Despite its widespread availability, only 24.2% of women preferred the internet as an information source. Poor communication and inadequate information provision were identified as barriers to information access. Statistically significant associations were identified between location of residence, education level, year of birth, diagnostic group and health information preferences. Recommendations from women included improved communication strategies, system changes and provision of individualized information. CONCLUSION Health professionals are central to women accessing information about gynaecological diagnoses. Areas for improvement include communication strategies, facilitating access to internet-based resources for information and consideration of women's preferences when providing health information. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND PATIENT CARE Consumer co-design of gynaecological health information and communication training for health professionals is recommended. Improved communication and facilitated use of internet-based resources may improve women's understanding of information. IMPACT This study explored gynaecological patients' preferences and satisfaction regarding information provision, exploring enablers and barriers to information access. It was found that gynaecological patients preferred individualized information provided to them directly by health professionals and despite its widespread availability, the internet is an underutilized health information resource. These findings are applicable to health professionals and patients utilizing tertiary gynaecological health services in Australia but may be generalized if demographic data aligns with other jurisdictions. REPORTING METHOD The STROBE reporting method was used in the preparation of the manuscript. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION No patient or public contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Williams
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery Education and Research, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Australia
| | - Georgia Griffin
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery Education and Research, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Australia
| | - Megan Wall
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery Education and Research, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Australia
| | - Stuart Watson
- Women's Health, Genetics & Mental Health, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Australia
| | - Jane Warland
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery Education and Research, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Australia
- School of Nursing, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Zoe Bradfield
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery Education and Research, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Australia
- School of Nursing, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
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Zheng A, Bergh M, Patel Murali K, Sadarangani T. Using mHealth to Improve Communication in Adult Day Services Around the Needs of People With Dementia: Mixed Methods Assessment of Acceptability and Feasibility. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e49492. [PMID: 38427418 PMCID: PMC10943430 DOI: 10.2196/49492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult day services (ADS) provide community-based health care for older adults with complex chronic conditions but rely on outdated methods for communicating users' health information with providers. CareMOBI, a novel mobile health (mHealth) app, was developed to address the need for a technological platform to improve bidirectional information exchange and communication between the ADS setting and providers. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine the feasibility and acceptability of CareMOBI in the ADS setting. METHODS A concurrent-triangulation mixed methods design was used, and participants were client-facing ADS staff members, including direct care workers (paid caregivers), nurses, and social workers. Interviews were conducted to describe barriers and facilitators to the adoption of the CareMOBI app. The acceptability of the app was measured using an adapted version of the Technology Acceptance Model questionnaire. Data were integrated into 4 themes as anchors of an informational matrix: ease of use, clinical value, fit within workflow, and likelihood of adoption. RESULTS A mix of ADS staff (N=22) participated in the study. Participants reported high levels of acceptability across the 4 domains. Qualitative findings corroborated the questionnaire results; participants viewed the app as useful and were likely to implement CareMOBI in their practice. However, participants expressed a need for proper training and technical support throughout the implementation process. CONCLUSIONS The CareMOBI app has the potential to improve care management in the ADS setting by promoting effective communication through an easy-to-use and portable method. While the integration of CareMOBI is acceptable and feasible, developing role-specific training modules and technical assistance programs is imperative for successful implementation within the ADS setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Zheng
- New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marissa Bergh
- New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York, NY, United States
| | - Komal Patel Murali
- New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York, NY, United States
- Hartford Institute for Geriatric Nursing, New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tina Sadarangani
- New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York, NY, United States
- Hartford Institute for Geriatric Nursing, New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York, NY, United States
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Kawi J, Fudolig M, Serafica R, Reyes AT, Sy F, Leyva EWA, Evangelista LS. Health information sources and health-seeking behaviours of Filipinos living in medically underserved communities: Empirical quantitative research. Nurs Open 2024; 11:e2140. [PMID: 38488390 PMCID: PMC10941603 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.2140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS To describe sources of health information and health-seeking behaviours of adults (aged ≥18) living in medically underserved communities in the Philippines. DESIGN This is a secondary, quantitative analysis from a cross-sectional parent study. Participants completed a 10-item, self-report survey on their sources of health information, healthcare providers sought for health and wellness and health-seeking behaviours when ill. Responses were evaluated across two age groups (<60 vs. ≥60 years) and genders using generalized linear mixed models. RESULTS Surveys were completed by 1202 participants in rural settings (64.6% female, mean age 49.5 ± 17.6). Friends and/or family were their key source of health information (59.6%), followed by traditional media (37%) and healthcare professionals (12.2%). For health promotion, participants went to healthcare professionals (60.9%), informal healthcare providers (17.2%) or others (7.2%). When ill, they visited a healthcare professional 69.1% of the time, self-medicated (43.9%), prayed (39.5%) or sought treatment from a rural health clinic (31.5%). We also found differences in health-seeking behaviours based on age and gender. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the need to organize programs that explicitly deliver accurate health information and adequate care for wellness and illness. Study findings emphasize the importance of integrating family, friends, media and healthcare professionals, including public health nurses, to deliver evidence-based health information, health promotion and sufficient treatment to medically underserved Filipinos. IMPLICATIONS New knowledge provides valuable information to healthcare providers, including public health nurses, in addressing health disparities among medically underserved Filipinos. IMPACT This study addresses the current knowledge gap in a medically vulnerable population. Healthcare professionals are not the primary sources of health information. Approximately one-third of participants do not seek them for health promotion or treatment even when ill, exacerbating health inequities. More work is necessary to support initiatives in low- and middle-income countries such as the Philippines to reduce health disparities. REPORTING METHOD We adhered to the reporting guidelines of STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) for cross-sectional studies. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION There was no patient or public contribution as our study design and methodology do not make this necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kawi
- School of Nursing, University of Nevada Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Miguel Fudolig
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Reimund Serafica
- School of Nursing, University of Nevada Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Andrew T. Reyes
- School of Nursing, University of Nevada Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Francisco Sy
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA
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Johnston JS, Zhang Aluri K, Job N, Kuhnert KL, Prober C, Ward V, Skinner NA. Exploring the role of community health organizations in promoting public health during a health crisis: a qualitative study of COVID-19 responses in South Africa and Zambia. Glob Health Promot 2024; 31:65-74. [PMID: 37909401 PMCID: PMC11010546 DOI: 10.1177/17579759231205854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
While the COVID-19 pandemic amplified the need for accurate and actionable health information, uncertainty and the proliferation of misinformation have contributed to significant mistrust in public health messages, especially among marginalized communities. Community health organizations can play an important role in creating trust and providing targeted health information to vulnerable groups. This qualitative study, which is focused on community health organizations supporting vulnerable populations in South Africa and Zambia, finds that during the pandemic, community health organizations expanded their roles and leveraged their established access and trust to support the communities they serve with health education and services. However, the reliance on external support limits the organizations' ability to respond in an effective and efficient manner during health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nophiwe Job
- Stanford Center for Health Education, Standford University, South Africa
| | - Kira-Leigh Kuhnert
- Stanford Center for Health Education, Standford University, South Africa
| | - Charles Prober
- Stanford Center for Health Education, Stanford University, USA
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, USA
| | - Victoria Ward
- Stanford Center for Health Education, Stanford University, USA
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, USA
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22
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Phillips K, Stewart C, Johnston T, Mills DS. "Have You Seen This Drivel?" A Comparison of How Common Health Issues Are Discussed within Brachycephalic and Non-Brachycephalic Dog Breed Groups on Social Media. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:757. [PMID: 38473142 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
As brachycephalic dog breed ownership increases, there is a growing concern for the welfare of these breeds due to extreme brachycephalism. Understanding the motivations and behaviours of those choosing to own these breeds is important if we wish to address these concerns. The aim of this study was to investigate how owners of brachycephalic and non-brachycephalic dog breeds use social media dog breed groups to discuss common health issues. The purpose of Facebook posts in relation to common health issues, owner awareness of health issues and the role of Facebook facilitated social support were explored between brachycephalic and non-brachycephalic dog owners. Twelve Facebook breed goups were selected (brachycephalic breed groups, n = 6, non-brachycephalic breed groups, n = 6). Using key word searches we extracted the first twenty posts from each group. Thematic analysis revealed three overarching themes: advice seeking, advice giving and community bonding mechanisms. Whilst the purpose of posting did not differ between groups, non-brachycephalic owners appeared to display greater awareness of breed-specific health issues, whilst social support played a more prominent role in brachycephalic groups. This research highlights that social media groups can act as platforms for knowledge exchange and emotional support. These could be utilised by owners, veterinarians and welfare organisations to more effectively enhance dog health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitty Phillips
- Animal Behavior, Cognition & Welfare Group, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK
| | - Carrie Stewart
- Animal Behavior, Cognition & Welfare Group, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK
| | - Taryn Johnston
- Department of Marketing, Languages and Tourism, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK
| | - Daniel S Mills
- Animal Behavior, Cognition & Welfare Group, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK
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23
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Demir R, Kaya Odabaş R, Taşpınar A. Digital Media Use and Health Literacy Levels of Women in Turkey. Soc Work Public Health 2024; 39:199-209. [PMID: 38409821 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2024.2322586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Obtaining information about women's use of digital media, their behavior in acquiring health information in the digital environment and their level of health literacy will fill an important gap in the literature. This research was conducted to examine the digital media use and health literacy levels of women in Turkey. The population of the research was the female population between the ages of 20-60 in Turkey in 2020, and the sample consisted of 404 women in this age range. The data of this analytical-cross-sectional study were collected online with the Personal Information Form and the Turkish Health Literacy Scale-32. It was determined that 83.9% of the women participating in the study used digital media and 82.9% of them obtained health information in the digital environment. In the categorical score distribution of the scale, it was determined that the health literacy level of 48.8% of women was insufficient, 26.2% problematic/limited, 19.8% sufficient and 5.2% excellent. A significant relationship was determined between women's health literacy level and age, marital status, education level, employment status, perception of income level, place of residence, use of digital media and duration of use (p < .05). We concluded that majority of women in Turkey use digital media, obtain health information in the digital environment and have low health literacy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukiye Demir
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Çanakkale University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Resmiye Kaya Odabaş
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ayten Taşpınar
- Department of Midwifery, Institute of Health Sciences, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
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24
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Ata AM, Aras B, Yılmaz Taşdelen Ö, Çelik C, Çulha C. Evaluation of Informative Content on Cerebral Palsy in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: The Value of ChatGPT. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38361368 DOI: 10.1080/01942638.2024.2316178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
AIMS In addition to the popular search engines on the Internet, ChatGPT may provide accurate and reliable health information. The aim of this study was to examine whether ChatGPT's responses to frequently asked questions concerning cerebral palsy (CP) by families were reliable and useful. METHODS Google trends were used to find the most frequently searched keywords for CP. Five independent physiatrists assessed ChatGPT responses to 10 questions. Seven-point Likert-type scales were used to rate information reliability and usefulness based on whether the answer can be validated and is understandable. RESULTS The median ratings for reliability of information for each question varied from 2 (very unsafe) to 5 (relatively very reliable). The median rating was 4 (reliable) for four questions. The median ratings for usefulness of information varied from 2 (very little useful) to 5 (moderately useful). The median rating was 4 (partly useful) for seven questions. CONCLUSION Although ChatGPT appears promising as an additional tool for informing family members of individuals with CP about medical information, it should be emphasized that both consumers and health care providers should be aware of the limitations of artificial intelligence-generated information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Merve Ata
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berke Aras
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özlem Yılmaz Taşdelen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Canan Çelik
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Canan Çulha
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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25
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Liao F, Huang Y, Lai Y, Xie J. The status quo of short videos as a source of health information regarding bowel preparation before colonoscopy. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1309632. [PMID: 38414898 PMCID: PMC10896954 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1309632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background For high-quality colonoscopies, adequate bowel preparation is a prerequisite, closely associated with the diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic safety of colonoscopy. Although popular-science short videos can help people quickly access health information, the overall quality of such short videos as a source of health information regarding bowel preparation before colonoscopy is unclear. Therefore, we intend to conduct a cross-sectional study to investigate the quality of bowel preparation information before colonoscopy through short videos taken on TikTok and Bilibili. Methods The Chinese phrases "colonoscopy" and "bowel preparation" were used as keywords to search for and screen the top 100 videos in the comprehensive rankings on TikTok and Bilibili. The Global Quality Score (GQS) and the modified DISCERN score were used to assess the quality of the information provided in these short videos. Results A total of 186 short videos were included in this study; 56.5% of them were posted by health professionals, whereas 43.5% of them were posted by nonhealth professionals. The overall quality of these videos was unsatisfactory, with a median DISCERN score of 3 (2-4) and a median GQS of 3 (3-4). The radar maps showed that videos posted by gastroenterologists had higher completeness scores regarding outcomes, management, and risk factors, while nongastroenterologists had higher completeness scores concerning adverse effects, symptoms, and definitions of bowel preparation. Additionally, the median DISCERN score and GQS of the videos posted by gastroenterologists were 3 (3-4) and 3 (3-4), respectively, whereas the quality of the videos posted by patients was the worst, with a median DISCERN score of 2 (1-2) and a median GQS of 2 (1.25-3). Conclusion In conclusion, the overall quality of health information-related videos on bowel preparation before colonoscopy posted on specified short video platforms was not satisfactory. Gastroenterologists provide more information on the outcomes, management, and risk factors for bowel preparation before colonoscopy, while nongastroenterologists focus on adverse effects, symptoms, and definitions of bowel preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foqiang Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Medical College, Affiliated Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Nanchang University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yunfeng Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yongkang Lai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Medical College, Affiliated Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Nanchang University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Medical College, Affiliated Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Nanchang University, Ganzhou, China
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26
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Damsgaard S, Allergodt K, Handberg C. Women's experiences with opting out of cervical cancer screening and the role of the nurse in the women's decision-making process. J Clin Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38326939 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.17067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
AIM To explore Danish women's experiences with opting out of cervical cancer screening and the role of the nurse in the women's decision-making process. DESIGN A qualitative study using semi-structured, individual interviews with a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach. METHODS Interviews were conducted with 13 women with experience in opting out of cervical cancer screening. Women were recruited through a public flyer and interviewed virtually or by phone. The interviews were analysed using the theory of interpretation from Paul Ricoeur and consisted of three levels: naïve reading, structural analysis, and critical discussion and analysis. The present study adheres to the COREQ guidelines. RESULTS The women experience various personal causes for opting out of cervical cancer screening, such as low accessibility of screening appointments, discomfort during the smear test, fear of being sick, and insufficient information about the relevance of screening to the individual woman. The perceived disadvantages of screening outweighed their perceived advantages. The women's experiences did not include the role of the nurse in the procedures and knowledge sharing related to cervical cancer screening. However, nurses were described as having good communicative and relational qualifications relevant to being involved in cervical cancer screening. CONCLUSION It was challenging for the women to weigh the advantages and disadvantages of cervical cancer screening and thus to make an informed decision about participation. They expressed a need for more information on which to base their decision. This places nurses in a much needed, yet unexplored, role of identifying and lowering potential personal barriers that may outweigh the women's perceived benefits of participating in screening. IMPLICATION FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE Nurses should play a more active role in cervical cancer screening such as improving general knowledge and facilitating two-way communication about its relevance. REPORTING METHOD The present study adheres to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION No patient or public contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Damsgaard
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kristin Allergodt
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Research and Development, National Rehabilitation Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Handberg
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Research and Development, National Rehabilitation Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Aarhus, Denmark
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27
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George RS, Goodey H, Russo MA, Tula R, Ghezzi P. Use of immunology in news and YouTube videos in the context of COVID-19: politicisation and information bubbles. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1327704. [PMID: 38435297 PMCID: PMC10906096 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1327704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic propelled immunology into global news and social media, resulting in the potential for misinterpreting and misusing complex scientific concepts. Objective To study the extent to which immunology is discussed in news articles and YouTube videos in English and Italian, and if related scientific concepts are used to support specific political or ideological narratives in the context of COVID-19. Methods In English and Italian we searched the period 11/09/2019 to 11/09/2022 on YouTube, using the software Mozdeh, for videos mentioning COVID-19 and one of nine immunological concepts: antibody-dependent enhancement, anergy, cytokine storm, herd immunity, hygiene hypothesis, immunity debt, original antigenic sin, oxidative stress and viral interference. We repeated this using MediaCloud for news articles.Four samples of 200 articles/videos were obtained from the randomised data gathered and analysed for mentions of concepts, stance on vaccines, masks, lockdown, social distancing, and political signifiers. Results Vaccine-negative information was higher in videos than news (8-fold in English, 6-fold in Italian) and higher in Italian than English (4-fold in news, 3-fold in videos). We also observed the existence of information bubbles, where a negative stance towards one intervention was associated with a negative stance to other linked ideas. Some immunological concepts (immunity debt, viral interference, anergy and original antigenic sin) were associated with anti-vaccine or anti-NPI (non-pharmacological intervention) views. Videos in English mentioned politics more frequently than those in Italian and, in all media and languages, politics was more frequently mentioned in anti-guidelines and anti-vaccine media by a factor of 3 in video and of 3-5 in news. Conclusion There is evidence that some immunological concepts are used to provide credibility to specific narratives and ideological views. The existence of information bubbles supports the concept of the "rabbit hole" effect, where interest in unconventional views/media leads to ever more extreme algorithmic recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah Goodey
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rovena Tula
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Pietro Ghezzi
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
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Gu TY, Yan ZZ, Jiang JH. Classifying Chinese Medicine Constitution Using Multimodal Deep-Learning Model. Chin J Integr Med 2024; 30:163-170. [PMID: 36374441 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3541-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a multimodal deep-learning model for classifying Chinese medicine constitution, i.e., the balanced and unbalanced constitutions, based on inspection of tongue and face images, pulse waves from palpation, and health information from a total of 540 subjects. METHODS This study data consisted of tongue and face images, pulse waves obtained by palpation, and health information, including personal information, life habits, medical history, and current symptoms, from 540 subjects (202 males and 338 females). Convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, and fully connected neural networks were used to extract deep features from the data. Feature fusion and decision fusion models were constructed for the multimodal data. RESULTS The optimal models for tongue and face images, pulse waves and health information were ResNet18, Gate Recurrent Unit, and entity embedding, respectively. Feature fusion was superior to decision fusion. The multimodal analysis revealed that multimodal data compensated for the loss of information from a single mode, resulting in improved classification performance. CONCLUSIONS Multimodal data fusion can supplement single model information and improve classification performance. Our research underscores the effectiveness of multimodal deep learning technology to identify body constitution for modernizing and improving the intelligent application of Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yu Gu
- School of Communication & Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zhuang-Zhi Yan
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Jie-Hui Jiang
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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29
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Long SE, Lama Y, D'Angelo H. Digital Communication Inequalities Among U.S. Adults Reporting Current Cigarette Use. Am J Prev Med 2024; 66:307-314. [PMID: 37793558 PMCID: PMC10842098 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To reduce tobacco-related health problems, it is critical to reach people who smoke with smoking cessation information and treatment. However, digital communication inequalities may limit access to online information sources. METHODS Digital device ownership, high-speed internet access, and online health information-seeking were examined among adults reporting current smoking in the Health Information National Trends Survey (n=847). Data were collected in 2019 and 2020 and analyzed in 2022. Multivariable logistic regression models examined associations between demographics, digital technology access, and online health information-seeking. RESULTS Only 47.6% (95% CI 39.0%, 56.3%) of adults aged 65+, 54.2% of Black/African American adults (95% CI 37.8%, 69.8%), and 59.6% with high school or less education (95% CI 51.5%, 67.1%) reported high-speed internet access (vs. 74.0% overall, 95% CI 68.9%, 78.6%). Inequalities in device ownership, high-speed internet access, and online health information-seeking were found by education and income. Adults with high school or less education (vs. college or more) had 78% lower odds of digital device ownership (aOR 0.22, 95% CI 0.08, 0.59) and 75% lower odds of high-speed internet access (aOR 0.25, 95% CI 0.09, 0.71). High-speed internet access (vs. no digital device or high-speed internet) was associated with 4.9 times greater odds of online health information-seeking (95% CI 1.81, 13.4). CONCLUSIONS Digital communication inequalities among adults who smoke exist. Understanding digital technology access among lower income populations could inform the development and delivery of interventions and health communication strategies to improve health outcomes among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuki Lama
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
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30
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Aurlene N, Shaik SS, Dickson-Swift V, Tadakamadla SK. Assessment of usefulness and reliability of YouTube™ videos on denture care. Int J Dent Hyg 2024; 22:106-115. [PMID: 37793081 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The world's population is in a demographic transition with a rising ageing population. Tooth loss is frequent among older people resulting in the replacement of natural teeth using complete or partial dentures. YouTube™ is the second most popular website in the world and is being increasingly used to access health care information. The aim of this study is to evaluate the usefulness and reliability of the information in YouTube™ videos regarding denture care. METHODS The YouTube™ website was used to systematically search for videos using the keyword 'denture care'. Videos meeting the eligibility criteria were assessed separately by two independent researchers. The usefulness of the videos was assessed using the Global Quality Assessment Scale and a customized usefulness scoring scheme. Based on these scores, the usefulness of the videos was categorized as low, medium and high. A modified DISCERN tool (mDISCERN) was used for assessing reliability with scores ranging from 0 to 5. Other video characteristics like source/ownership of the videos, duration, views, likes, dislikes, number of days posted, like ratio, view ratio, interaction index and Video Power Index were also obtained. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman correlation test and multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 120 videos were included. Based on the usefulness score, the usefulness of 65.8% of videos were classified as low, 32.5% were medium and 1.6% had high usefulness. The mDISCERN score for 74.2% of videos was 2 or below 2 indicating that the majority of videos had low reliability. Video characteristics did not differ significantly according to the usefulness of videos. Videos uploaded by dentists or dental hygienists had significantly higher usefulness scores (p < 0.001) in comparison to videos uploaded by other sources. However, reliability scores did not differ based on the sources of the videos. Video reliability was found to have a significant (B = 2.08, p < 0.001) positive association with video usefulness. CONCLUSION YouTube™ cannot be recommended as the only source of information for denture care as most videos received low usefulness and reliability ratings in our study. Dentists and dental health professionals could take an active part in enhancing denture care-related content on YouTube™ and enable patients to have adequate and reliable knowledge of denture hygiene practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesa Aurlene
- Dentistry and Oral Health, Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Victoria, Bendigo, Australia
- Violet Vines Marshman Centre for Rural Health Research, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Virginia Dickson-Swift
- Violet Vines Marshman Centre for Rural Health Research, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla
- Dentistry and Oral Health, Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Victoria, Bendigo, Australia
- Violet Vines Marshman Centre for Rural Health Research, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
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Miyawaki R, Kato M, Kawamura Y, Ishikawa H, Oka K. [Developing a Japanese version of the Digital Health Literacy Instrument]. Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi 2024; 71:3-14. [PMID: 37673595 DOI: 10.11236/jph.23-021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The Internet has made it possible to search for, obtain, transmit, and share information. Accordingly, the ability to use health information and skills related to interactivity taken from the Internet have become important in the medical and health fields. However, there is no scale to evaluate these abilities. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the validity and reliability of the Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI) and examine the association of digital health literacy (DHL) with the characteristics of the study participants.Methods The Japanese version of the DHLI was developed using the basic guidelines for scale translation. The participants included 2,000 Japanese adults (men: 50.0%, mean age: 40.7±12.0 years) who responded to an Internet-based cross-sectional survey. The Japanese version of the DHLI, attributes, sources of health information, contents of health information taken from the Internet, and eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) scores were obtained using a questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis and correlation with eHEALS scores were used to assess construct and criterion validities. Cronbach's alpha and correlation coefficients were computed for internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Differences in DHLI scores for each attribute and variables related to health information were examined using the analysis of variance and t-test.Results Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a goodness-of-fit index of .946, a comparative fit index of .969, and a root mean square error of approximation of .054, confirming that the Japanese version has the same seven-factor structure as the original version does. A significant positive correlation was found between DHLI and eHEALS scores (r=.40, P<.001). Cronbach's alpha was .92, and test-retest reliability was r=.88 (P<.001). DHLI scores were mainly associated with household income, health status, frequency of information searches on the Internet, and devices used. The subscale scores found difficulties in evaluating reliability, determining relevance, and adding self-generated content. Differences in DHL were observed among some sources and contents of health information on the Internet.Conclusion The Japanese version of the DHLI was a sufficiently reliable and valid instrument for assessing DHL among Japanese adults. Our results suggest that low DHL may lead to health information disparities. Therefore, it is necessary to consider support strategies for individuals who need to improve their DHL and for skills that need to be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mio Kato
- Center for Emergency Preparedness & Response, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Yoko Kawamura
- School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
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Eriksen J, Monkman H, Adler-Milstein J, Tornbjerg Eriksen K, Nøhr C. Citizens' Access to Online Health Information - An International Survey of IMIA Member Countries. Stud Health Technol Inform 2024; 310:1297-1301. [PMID: 38270024 DOI: 10.3233/shti231174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Citizens' access to their online health information is pivotal. Therefore, this study examines citizens' access to their online health information across countries and healthcare settings. The study is based on a survey design targeting the 98 IMIA representatives of the national societies. Results indicate that Test results and Medications are the two types of online information that citizens in most cases have access to. Ten countries provide citizens access to all the different types of information included in the study. That relatively few countries provide citizens access to all the included types of online health information underscores the importance of continuous emphasis on accessibility and research within this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen Monkman
- School of Health Information Sciences, University of Victoria, Canada
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Alsaad E, AlDossary S. Educational Video Intervention to Improve Health Misinformation Identification on WhatsApp Among Saudi Arabian Population: Pre-Post Intervention Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e50211. [PMID: 38231563 PMCID: PMC10831668 DOI: 10.2196/50211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health misinformation can adversely affect individuals' quality of life and increase the risk of mortality. People often fail to assess the content of messages before sharing them on the internet, increasing the spread of misinformation. The problem is exacerbated by the growing variety of digital information environments, especially social media, which presents as an effective platform for spreading misinformation due to its rapid information-sharing capabilities. Educational interventions have been developed to help consumers verify the validity of digital health information. However, tools designed to detect health misinformation on social media content have not been validated. Given the increased use of social media platforms, particularly WhatsApp, it is crucial to develop tools to help consumers assess the credibility of messages and detect misinformation. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study is to develop and assess an educational tool aimed at educating consumers about detecting health misinformation on WhatsApp. The secondary objective is to assess the association between demographic factors and knowledge levels. METHODS The study used a single-arm, pre-post intervention design to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational video in improving participants' ability to detect health-related misinformation in WhatsApp messages. In the first phase, an educational video intervention was developed and validated. In the second phase, participants were invited to complete a web-based survey that consisted of pre-evaluation questions, followed by the educational video intervention. Subsequently, they were asked to answer the same questions as the postevaluation questions. RESULTS The web-based survey received 485 responses. The completion rate was 99.6% (n=483). Statistically significant associations existed between knowledge level and age, gender, employment, and region of residence (P<.05). The video intervention did elicit a statistically significant change in the participants' abilities to identify misinformation in WhatsApp messages (z=-6.887; P<.001). Viewing the video was associated with increased knowledge about the following concepts: checking the "forwarded" label (P<.001), looking for spelling and grammatical errors (P<.001), analyzing the facts (P=.03), checking links (P=.002, P=.001), and assessing the photos and videos (P<.001). There was a statistically significant difference in knowledge level before and after the intervention (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS This study developed and evaluated the effectiveness of an educational video intervention to improve health misinformation identification on WhatsApp among the Saudi Arabian population. The results indicate that educational videos can be valuable tools for improving participants' abilities to identify misinformation. The outcomes of this research can contribute to our understanding of what constitutes an effective tool for enhancing health misinformation awareness. Such interventions may be particularly useful in combating misinformation among Arabic-speaking populations on WhatsApp, which may ultimately improve eHealth literacy. Limiting the prevalence and impact of misinformation allows people to make better-informed health decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtihal Alsaad
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharifah AlDossary
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Garg A, Nyitray AG, Roberts JR, Shungu N, Ruggiero KJ, Chandler J, Damgacioglu H, Zhu Y, Brownstein NC, Sterba KR, Deshmukh AA, Sonawane K. Consumption of Health-Related Videos and Human Papillomavirus Awareness: Cross-Sectional Analyses of a US National Survey and YouTube From the Urban-Rural Context. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e49749. [PMID: 38224476 PMCID: PMC10825763 DOI: 10.2196/49749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nearly 70% of Americans use the internet as their first source of information for health-related questions. Contemporary data on the consumption of web-based videos containing health information among American adults by urbanity or rurality is currently unavailable, and its link with health topic awareness, particularly for human papillomavirus (HPV), is not known. OBJECTIVE We aim to describe trends and patterns in the consumption of health-related videos on social media from an urban-rural context, examine the association between exposure to health-related videos on social media and awareness of health topics (ie, HPV and HPV vaccine), and understand public interest in HPV-related video content through search terms and engagement analytics. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the US Health Information National Trends Survey 6, a nationally representative survey that collects data from civilian, noninstitutionalized adults aged 18 years or older residing in the United States. Bivariable analyses were used to estimate the prevalence of consumption of health-related videos on social media among US adults overall and by urbanity or rurality. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between the consumption of health-related videos and HPV awareness among urban and rural adults. To provide additional context on the public's interest in HPV-specific video content, we examined search volumes (quantitative) and related query searches (qualitative) for the terms "HPV" and "HPV vaccine" on YouTube. RESULTS In 2022, 59.6% of US adults (152.3 million) consumed health-related videos on social media, an increase of nearly 100% from 2017 to 2022. Prevalence increased among adults living in both urban (from 31.4% in 2017 to 59.8% in 2022; P<.001) and rural (from 22.4% in 2017 to 58% in 2022; P<.001) regions. Within the urban and rural groups, consumption of health-related videos on social media was most prevalent among adults aged between 18 and 40 years and college graduates or higher-educated adults. Among both urban and rural groups, adults who consumed health-related videos had a significantly higher probability of being aware of HPV and the HPV vaccine compared with those who did not watch health videos on the internet. The term "HPV" was more frequently searched on YouTube compared with "HPV vaccine." Individuals were most commonly searching for videos that covered content about the HPV vaccine, HPV in males, and side effects of the HPV vaccine. CONCLUSIONS The consumption of health-related videos on social media in the United States increased dramatically between 2017 and 2022. The rise was prominent among both urban and rural adults. Watching a health-related video on social media was associated with a greater probability of being aware of HPV and the HPV vaccine. Additional research on designing and developing social media strategies is needed to increase public awareness of health topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashvita Garg
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Alan G Nyitray
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, IL, United States
- Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Milwaukee, IL, United States
| | - James R Roberts
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Nicholas Shungu
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC, United States
| | | | - Jessica Chandler
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Applications Center for Healthful Lifestyles, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Haluk Damgacioglu
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Yenan Zhu
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC, United States
| | | | - Katherine R Sterba
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Ashish A Deshmukh
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Kalyani Sonawane
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC, United States
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Nguyen QC, Aparicio EM, Jasczynski M, Channell Doig A, Yue X, Mane H, Srikanth N, Gutierrez FXM, Delcid N, He X, Boyd-Graber J. Rosie, a Health Education Question-and-Answer Chatbot for New Mothers: Randomized Pilot Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e51361. [PMID: 38214963 PMCID: PMC10818229 DOI: 10.2196/51361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stark disparities exist in maternal and child outcomes and there is a need to provide timely and accurate health information. OBJECTIVE In this pilot study, we assessed the feasibility and acceptability of a health chatbot for new mothers of color. METHODS Rosie, a question-and-answer chatbot, was developed as a mobile app and is available to answer questions about pregnancy, parenting, and child development. From January 9, 2023, to February 9, 2023, participants were recruited using social media posts and through engagement with community organizations. Inclusion criteria included being aged ≥14 years, being a woman of color, and either being currently pregnant or having given birth within the past 6 months. Participants were randomly assigned to the Rosie treatment group (15/29, 52% received the Rosie app) or control group (14/29, 48% received a children's book each month) for 3 months. Those assigned to the treatment group could ask Rosie questions and receive an immediate response generated from Rosie's knowledgebase. Upon detection of a possible health emergency, Rosie sends emergency resources and relevant hotline information. In addition, a study staff member, who is a clinical social worker, reaches out to the participant within 24 hours to follow up. Preintervention and postintervention tests were completed to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate Rosie and describe changes across key health outcomes, including postpartum depression and the frequency of emergency room visits. These measurements were used to inform the clinical trial's sample size calculations. RESULTS Of 41 individuals who were screened and eligible, 31 (76%) enrolled and 29 (71%) were retained in the study. More than 87% (13/15) of Rosie treatment group members reported using Rosie daily (5/15, 33%) or weekly (8/15, 53%) across the 3-month study period. Most users reported that Rosie was easy to use (14/15, 93%) and provided responses quickly (13/15, 87%). The remaining issues identified included crashing of the app (8/15, 53%), and users were not satisfied with some of Rosie's answers (12/15, 80%). Mothers in both the Rosie treatment group and control group experienced a decline in depression scores from pretest to posttest periods, but the decline was statistically significant only among treatment group mothers (P=.008). In addition, a low proportion of treatment group infants had emergency room visits (1/11, 9%) compared with control group members (3/13, 23%). Nonetheless, no between-group differences reached statistical significance at P<.05. CONCLUSIONS Rosie was found to be an acceptable, feasible, and appropriate intervention for ethnic and racial minority pregnant women and mothers of infants owing to the chatbot's ability to provide a personalized, flexible tool to increase the timeliness and accessibility of high-quality health information to individuals during a period of elevated health risks for the mother and child. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06053515; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06053515.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh C Nguyen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Elizabeth M Aparicio
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Michelle Jasczynski
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Amara Channell Doig
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Xiaohe Yue
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Heran Mane
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Neha Srikanth
- Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Francia Ximena Marin Gutierrez
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Nataly Delcid
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Xin He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Jordan Boyd-Graber
- Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
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Côté D, MacEachen E, Huynh AT, León A, Laberge M, Meyer S, Majowicz S, Amoako J, Jahangir Y, Dubé J. Managing the unknown or the art of preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in workplaces in a context of evolving science, precarious employment, and communication barriers. A qualitative situational analysis in Quebec and Ontario. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1268996. [PMID: 38288436 PMCID: PMC10823371 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1268996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The issue of communications in the public space, and in particular, in the workplace, became critical in the early stages of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and was exacerbated by the stress of the drastic transformation of the organization of work, the speed with which new information was being made available, and the constant fear of being infected or developing a more severe or even fatal form of the disease. Although effective communication is the key to fighting a pandemic, some business sectors were more vulnerable and affected than others, and the individuals in particular socio-demographic and economic categories were proportionately more affected by the number of infections and hospitalizations, and by the number of deaths. Therefore, the aim of this article is to present data related to issues faced by essential workers interacting with the public and their employers to mitigate the contagion of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) at work. Methods Following the constructivist paradigm, an interpretative qualitative design was used to conduct one-on-one interviews with precarious/low-wage, public-contact workers (N = 40), managers (N = 16), and key informants (N = 16) on topics related to their work environments in the context of COVID-19 prevention. Results This article has highlighted some aspects of communication in the workplace essential to preventing COVID-19 outbreaks (e.g., access to information in a context of fast-changing instructions, language proficiency, transparency and confidentiality in the workplace, access to clear guidelines). The impact of poor pre-pandemic working relations on crisis management in the workplace also emerged. Discussion This study reminds us of the need to develop targeted, tailored messages that, while not providing all the answers, maintain dialog and transparency in workplaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Côté
- Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ellen MacEachen
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Ai-Thuy Huynh
- Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Amelia León
- Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie Laberge
- School of Rehabilitation, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Samantha Meyer
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Shannon Majowicz
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Joyceline Amoako
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Yamin Jahangir
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica Dubé
- Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Lai Y, Liao F, He Z, Lai W, Zhu C, Du Y, Li Z. The status quo of short videos as a health information source of Helicobacter pylori: a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1344212. [PMID: 38259733 PMCID: PMC10800962 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1344212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Health education about Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most effective methods to prevent H. pylori infection and standardize H. pylori eradication treatment. Short videos enable people to absorb and remember information more easily and are an important source of health education. This study aimed to assess the information quality of H. pylori-related videos on Chinese short video-sharing platforms. Methods A total of 242 H. pylori-related videos from three Chinese short video-sharing platforms with the most users, TikTok, Bilibili, and Kwai, were retrieved. The Global Quality Score (GQS) and the modified DISCERN tool were used to assess the quality and content of videos, respectively. Additionally, comparative analyzes of videos based on different sources and common H. pylori issues were also conducted. Results The median GQS score and DISCERN score was 2 for H. pylori-related videos analyzed in this study. Non-gastroenterologists posted the most H. pylori-related videos (136/242, 56.2%). Videos from gastroenterologists (51/242, 21.0%) had the highest GQS and DISCERN scores, with a median of 3. Few videos had content on family-based H. pylori infection control and management (5.8%), whether all H. pylori-positive patients need to undergo eradication treatment (27.7%), and the adverse effects of H. pylori eradication therapy (16.1%). Conclusion Generally, the content and quality of the information in H. pylori-related videos were unsatisfactory, and the quality of the video correlated with the source of the video. Videos from gastroenterologists provided more correct guidance with higher-quality information on the prevention and treatment of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Lai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Foqiang Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zixuan He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiguo Lai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Chunping Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yiqi Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoshen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Tian SH, Jiang R, Chen Y. Incentive mechanism for sharing and using EHR in medical consortiums based on performance evaluation. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1324228. [PMID: 38249396 PMCID: PMC10796444 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1324228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The construction of medical consortiums not only promotes active cooperation among hospitals, but also further intensifies active competition among them. The shared use of electronic health records (EHR) breaks the original pattern of benefit distribution among hospitals. Objective The purpose of this paper is to establish an incentive mechanism for the shared use EHR, and to reveal the incentive effect and mechanism of key factors, and to put forward management suggestions for solving the real conflicts. Methods We constructed a basic incentive model and an incentive model that introduces performance evaluation as a supervisory signal, based on analyzing the hospital cost function, the hospital benefit function, and the incentive contract function. Finally, the incentive effects of key factors before and after the introduction of performance evaluation were verified and compared using MATLAB simulation method. Results The profit level and incentive coefficient of hospitals sharing EHR are independent of the amount of one-time government subsidies. Regardless of whether a performance evaluation supervisory signal is introduced or not, the incentive coefficients are increasing functions with respect to ρ, τ, but decreasing functions with respect to β, δ, γ. After the inclusion of supervisory signal of performance evaluation in the model, the ability of hospitals to use EHR has a higher impact effectiveness on improving both incentive effects and benefit levels. The impact of the value-added coefficient on the level of earnings is consistently greater than it would have been without the inclusion of the performance evaluation supervisory signal. Conclusions Enhancing the capacity of hospitals to use EHR and tapping and expanding the value-added space of EHR are 2 key paths to promote sustainable shared use of EHR. Substantive performance evaluation plays an important role in stabilizing incentive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Hu Tian
- Business School, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Service Computing, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, China
- School of Management and Economics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Service Computing, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Management and Economics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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Subramanyam C, Becker A, Rizzo J, Afzal N, Nong Y, Sivamani R. Visibility of Board-Certified Dermatologists on TikTok. JMIR Dermatol 2024; 7:e46085. [PMID: 38180786 PMCID: PMC10799275 DOI: 10.2196/46085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Tik Tok is an emerging social media platform that provides a novel opportunity for health practitioners such as dermatologists to disseminate accurate health information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitra Subramanyam
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific Northwest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR, United States
| | - Alyssa Becker
- John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Julianne Rizzo
- College of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Najiba Afzal
- College of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Yvonne Nong
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Flint, MI, United States
| | - Raja Sivamani
- Pacific Skin Institute, Sacramento, CA, United States
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Salmani H, Sharafi S, Almanie A, Niknam F, Naseri Z, Mobarak S, Jelvay S. Designing a comprehensive minimum dataset for patients with COVID-19 in Iranian hospital information systems. HEALTH INF MANAG J 2024; 53:14-19. [PMID: 37846732 DOI: 10.1177/18333583231199879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Minimum Data Set (MDS) plays a vital role in data exchange, collection and quality improvement. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a need for a tailored MDS that aligns with the specific information needs of the Iranian community and integrates seamlessly into the country's Hospital Information Systems (HIS). OBJECTIVE The study aimed to develop a comprehensive MDS for COVID-19 patients in Iran, with objectives to identify essential data elements and integrate the MDS into HIS, enhancing data exchange and supporting decision-making. METHOD This study employed a comparative-descriptive approach to design COVID-19 patient data elements based on World Health Organisation and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines. The Delphi technique involved 35 experts in two rounds for checklist refinement. The finalised MDS consisted of 9 main terms and 80 sub-terms, analysed using descriptive statistics and IBM SPSS software. RESULTS Of 35 experts involved with the study, 69% were male and 31% female, and Health Information Management experts were the majority (34%). The refined MDS for COVID-19 in Iran comprises 50 data elements, while 30 elements were excluded. The MDS includes 8 main terms and 80 sub-terms, with unanimous approval for identity, underlying disease, and treatment sections. CONCLUSION The customised MDS for COVID-19 patients in Iran addresses data collection challenges and supports effective disease prevention and management. By providing comprehensive and reliable information, the MDS enhances healthcare quality, facilitates timely access to medical records, and fosters integrated health services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahlam Almanie
- Tarbiat Modares University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Sara Mobarak
- Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Saeed Jelvay
- Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
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van den Broek-Altenburg EM, Leslie AA, Benson JS, DeStigter KK. Disparities in Mammography Screening: Analyzing Barriers to Access Using Individual Patient Perspectives and the Health Belief Model. Cancer Control 2024; 31:10732748241248367. [PMID: 38752988 PMCID: PMC11100395 DOI: 10.1177/10732748241248367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of our study is to explore Nepali women's beliefs about access to mammography screening, and motivations to get screened or not. This work was intended to be hypothesis generating for subsequent quantitative analysis and to inform policy and decision-making to improve access. METHODS We conducted structured qualitative interviews among nine Nepali women in the Northeast of the United States receiving care at a local community health center and among nine white women receiving mammography care at a large academic medical center in the Northeast. We analyzed the transcripts using a mixed deductive (content analysis) and inductive (grounded theory) approach. Deductive codes were generated from the Health Belief Model which states that a person's belief in the real threat of a disease with their belief in the effectiveness of the recommended health service or behavior or action will predict the likelihood the person will adopt the behavior. We compared and contrasted qualitative results from both groups. RESULTS We found that eligible Nepali women who had not received mammography screening had no knowledge of its availability and its importance. Primary care physicians emerged as a critical link in addressing this disparity: trust was found to be high among Nepali women with their established primary care provider. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that the role of primary care practitioners in conversations around the importance and eligibility for mammography screening is of critical importance, especially for underserved groups with limited health knowledge of screening opportunities and potential health benefits. Follow-up research should focus on primary care practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abimbola A. Leslie
- Department of Radiology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jamie S. Benson
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristen K. DeStigter
- Department of Radiology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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Ailabouni NJ, Weir KR, Brandt N, Hanjani LS, Green A, Thompson W, Freeman CR, Mangin D, Bohill R, Furst C, Reeve E. Partnering with a stakeholder steering group to co-design the PRIME deprescribing conversation tool: Reflections and recommendations. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 134:121-125. [PMID: 37635281 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagham J Ailabouni
- The Pharmacy Australian Centre of Excellence (PACE), School of Pharmacy, Health and Behavioural Sciences Faculty, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kristie Rebecca Weir
- Institute of Primary Health Care, The University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicole Brandt
- Peter Lamy Centre on Drug Therapy and Aging, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Leila Shafiee Hanjani
- The Pharmacy Australian Centre of Excellence (PACE), School of Pharmacy, Health and Behavioural Sciences Faculty, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ariel Green
- Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wade Thompson
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher R Freeman
- The Pharmacy Australian Centre of Excellence (PACE), School of Pharmacy, Health and Behavioural Sciences Faculty, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dee Mangin
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Ruth Bohill
- Consumer advocate, Dementia Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chloe Furst
- Aged care service (Geriatric medicine), Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emily Reeve
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Gabriel J, Shafik L, Vincent E, Ajzajian J, Alanbuki A, Larner TRG. The computer will see you now: ChatGPT and artificial intelligence large language models for health information in urology-an invited perspective. Transl Androl Urol 2023; 12:1772-1774. [PMID: 38196696 PMCID: PMC10772652 DOI: 10.21037/tau-23-491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Gabriel
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Princess Royal Hospital, Haywards Heath, UK
| | - Lidia Shafik
- Department of Medicine, Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, Frimley, UK
| | - Elizabeth Vincent
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Princess Royal Hospital, Haywards Heath, UK
| | - Jirayr Ajzajian
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Princess Royal Hospital, Haywards Heath, UK
| | - Ammar Alanbuki
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Princess Royal Hospital, Haywards Heath, UK
| | - Timothy R. G. Larner
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Princess Royal Hospital, Haywards Heath, UK
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Chekol BM, Sheehy G, Siraneh Y. Sexual and reproductive health experiences, access to services, and sources of information among university students in Ethiopia. Front Reprod Health 2023; 5:1271685. [PMID: 38162013 PMCID: PMC10755960 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2023.1271685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adolescence and youth are times of major growth and change that can place young people at elevated risk of poor sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes, particularly when they are living away from home for the first time. Understanding the barriers that young people face when accessing SRH services and information is imperative for addressing their SRH needs; our study explored this topic among university students in Ethiopia. Specifically, we explore university students' SRH experiences, access to services, and preferred sources of information. Methods We draw on mixed-methods research conducted in four public universities across Ethiopia in early 2020. A random sample of 822 male and female students completed a cross-sectional survey that explored SRH knowledge, attitudes, experiences, and sources of information. We also conducted 8 focus group discussions with students and 8 key informant interviews across the four universities. Survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and we used structural coding and inductive analysis to analyze qualitative data. Results The survey data demonstrated that condoms and emergency contraceptive pills were the most used contraceptive methods. Nearly 18% of female students had experienced an unwanted pregnancy, and 14% reported having had an abortion. Approximately one-third of students reported encountering gender-based violence in the past 6 months. Most students preferred receiving SRH information from mass media, and male students were more likely than female students to seek information from friends. Our qualitative findings highlight a lack of comprehensive SRH care available on university campuses, and services that are available are often of poor quality; participants described a lack of privacy, confidentiality and respect when accessing SRH care at school. University students also lack regular opportunities to learn about SRH while on campus, and their preferred sources of information varied widely. Discussion Ethiopian university students have considerable unmet demand for SRH services and often face significant barriers to accessing high-quality information and services on campus. Consistent commitment and investment by universities and the government is vital to meeting the SRH needs of young people during this potentially vulnerable time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yibeltal Siraneh
- Faculty of Public Health, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Kamin-Friedman S, Davidovitch N, Yang YT. Israel's repeal of a sweet beverages tax harms public health. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1231709. [PMID: 38162613 PMCID: PMC10755473 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1231709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Kamin-Friedman
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Nadav Davidovitch
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Y. Tony Yang
- Center for Health Policy and Media Engagement, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
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Taouk L, Gunthert K, Schulkin J. Risk perception in pregnancy: Patient-physician discrepancies, information consumption, and mental health outcomes. Birth 2023; 50:808-814. [PMID: 37300301 DOI: 10.1111/birt.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the scope, causes, or consequences of risk overestimation. Our aim was to assess whether risk perceptions in pregnancy are heightened for a range of behaviors, related to consumption of health information, and associated with mental health indices. METHODS One hundred and fifty members of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists were invited to participate in a patient-physician study, and 37% returned surveys. Physicians (n = 73) and prenatal patients (n = 388) rated the perceived safety of exposure to 40 behaviors during pregnancy. A subset of prenatal patients completed a postpartum follow-up survey (n = 103). RESULTS Statistical comparison of means indicated that patients overestimated the risk of 30 behaviors. Anchoring patient ratings against average physician ratings, 87.8% of total discrepancy scores reflected net risk overestimation. Greater risk overestimation was associated with higher consumption of pregnancy-related health information, but was not associated with anxiety or depression symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Risk perceptions may be heightened across a range of behaviors during pregnancy, even when empirical evidence of risk is absent. Information consumption could be associated with risk estimation, but causality and directionality have not been established. Further research on risk perceptions could have implications for prenatal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Taouk
- Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Kathleen Gunthert
- Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jay Schulkin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Jung H, Park HA, Lee HY. Impact of a Decision Support System on Fall-Prevention Nursing Practices. J Patient Saf 2023; 19:525-531. [PMID: 37922246 PMCID: PMC10662574 DOI: 10.1097/pts.0000000000001168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to develop a computerized decision support system (CDSS) that could automatically calculate the risk of falls using electronic medical record data and provide evidence-based fall-prevention recommendations based on risk factors. Furthermore, we analyzed the usability and effect of the system on fall-prevention nursing practices. METHODS A computerized fall-prevention system was developed according to the system development life cycle, and implemented between March and August 2019 in a single medical unit with a high prevalence of falls. The usability was evaluated 1 month after CDSS implementation. In terms of time and frequency, changes in fall-prevention nursing practices were analyzed using survey data and nursing documentation, respectively. Finally, the incidence of falls before and after system implementation was compared to examine the clinical effectiveness of the CDSS. RESULTS According to the usability test, the average ease of learning score (5.083 of 7) was the highest among 4 dimensions. The time spent engaged in fall-prevention nursing care per patient per shift increased, particularly for nursing diagnoses and planning. Moreover, the mean frequency of daily documented fall-prevention interventions per patient also increased. Particularly, nursing statements related to nonspecific interventions such as environmental modifications increased. However, the incidence of falls did not decrease after implementation of the CDSS. CONCLUSIONS Although adoption of the computerized system increased the time spent and number of records created in terms of fall-prevention practices in nurses, no improvement in clinical outcomes was observed, particularly in terms of fall rate reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyesil Jung
- From the Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon
| | | | - Ho-Young Lee
- Office of eHealth Research and Business
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Mulcahy S, Lenton E, Seear K, Valentine K, Kagan D, Farrugia A, Edwards M, Jeffcote D. Between Public and Private: Electronic Health Record-sharing, Health Privacy Principles, and Hepatitis C. J Law Med 2023; 30:847-861. [PMID: 38459877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
People with (a history of) hepatitis C have concerns about privacy and the confidentiality of their health information. This is often due to the association between hepatitis C and injecting drug use and related stigma. In Australia, recent data breaches at a major private health insurer and legislative reforms to increase access to electronic health records have heightened these concerns. Drawing from interviews with people with lived experience of hepatitis C and stakeholders working in this area, this article explores the experiences and concerns of people with (a history of) hepatitis C in relation to the sharing of their health records. It considers the potential application of health privacy principles in the context of hepatitis C and argues for the development of guidelines concerning the privacy of health records held by health departments and public hospitals. Such principles might also inform reforms to legislation regarding access to health records.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Mulcahy
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health, and Society, La Trobe University
| | - Emily Lenton
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health, and Society, La Trobe University
| | - Kate Seear
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health, and Society, La Trobe University
| | - Kylie Valentine
- Centre for Social Research in Health & Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales
| | - Dion Kagan
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health, and Society, La Trobe University
| | - Adrian Farrugia
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health, and Society, La Trobe University
| | - Michael Edwards
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales
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Li J. Security Implications of AI Chatbots in Health Care. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e47551. [PMID: 38015597 PMCID: PMC10716748 DOI: 10.2196/47551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots like ChatGPT and Google Bard are computer programs that use AI and natural language processing to understand customer questions and generate natural, fluid, dialogue-like responses to their inputs. ChatGPT, an AI chatbot created by OpenAI, has rapidly become a widely used tool on the internet. AI chatbots have the potential to improve patient care and public health. However, they are trained on massive amounts of people's data, which may include sensitive patient data and business information. The increased use of chatbots introduces data security issues, which should be handled yet remain understudied. This paper aims to identify the most important security problems of AI chatbots and propose guidelines for protecting sensitive health information. It explores the impact of using ChatGPT in health care. It also identifies the principal security risks of ChatGPT and suggests key considerations for security risk mitigation. It concludes by discussing the policy implications of using AI chatbots in health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingquan Li
- Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
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50
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Taik FZ, Bensaid R, Adnine A, Mansouri NE, Aharrane FZ, Amar A, Fourtassi M, Abourazzak FE. Use of social media as a source of health information among patients with chronic low back pain. Musculoskeletal Care 2023. [PMID: 38009905 DOI: 10.1002/msc.1846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of social media (SM) as a source of health information among patients with chronic low back pain (LBP) and to evaluate the factors associated with this use. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study involving patients with chronic LBP. Information on their sociodemographics, LBP characteristics, and comorbidities was collected. With the use of a questionnaire, we evaluated the use of SM as a source of information, examining the frequency of use, the type of SM used, and degree of confidence and application of information found. Catastrophising, trust in physicians, and concerns regarding medicines were assessed through the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Trust in Physician Scale (TPS) and Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ Specific Concerns). A regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with the use of SM. RESULTS A total of 118 patients were included. The mean age was 53.01 ± 14.09 years. Of the sample, 68.6% sought information regarding their LBP on social networks. The main source was YouTube (30%). Eighteen point six percent of patients trusted the information found through SM, and 16.1% have already acted on some of this information. The majority of patients (82%) would prefer to have healthcare professionals in their virtual spaces to answer their questions. In a multivariate analysis, only the degree of trust in the physician was negatively associated with SM use (OR = 0.95 IC 95% [0.91-0.99]; p = 0.03). CONCLUSION This survey showed that a proportion of patients suffering from chronic LBP use SM, YouTube in particular, as a source of health information. The level of trust in physicians was the strongest factor that impelled people to use SM as a source of health information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Zahrae Taik
- Department of Rheumatology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Tangier, Morocco
- Life and Health Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Rajaa Bensaid
- Department of Rheumatology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Anass Adnine
- Department of Rheumatology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Tangier, Morocco
- Life and Health Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Noema El Mansouri
- Department of Rheumatology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Tangier, Morocco
| | | | - Amine Amar
- Applied Mathematics and Data Science, School of Science and Engineering, Al Akhawayn University, Ifrane, Morocco
| | - Maryam Fourtassi
- Life and Health Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Fatima Ezzahra Abourazzak
- Department of Rheumatology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Tangier, Morocco
- Life and Health Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco
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