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Budvytyte L, Schroeder M, Graf E, Vaillant JJ. Rapid Progression of Invasive Listeria monocytogenes Infection in a Patient With Cirrhosis and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis on Ustekinumab. Cureus 2024; 16:e58116. [PMID: 38738136 PMCID: PMC11088815 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
We present the case of a 62-year-old immunocompromised man with ulcerative colitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and cirrhosis treated with azathioprine and ustekinumab who quickly developed invasive Listeria monocytogenes infection after incidental identification on routine paracentesis. The infection rapidly progressed from bacterial peritonitis to bacteremia and meningitis within three days. Treatment with ampicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was successful. We highlight the increased risk of invasive listeriosis in immunocompromised individuals, including those on biologic therapies, and the importance of considering Listeria as a pathogen from sterile sites even in asymptomatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Budvytyte
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Scottsdale, USA
| | - Mariah Schroeder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Scottsdale, USA
| | - Erin Graf
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, USA
| | - James J Vaillant
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
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2
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Bolzon V, Bulfoni M, Pesando M, Nencioni A, Nencioni E. Verification of a Rapid Analytical Method for the Qualitative Detection of Listeria spp. and Listeria monocytogenes by a Real-Time PCR Assay according to EN UNI ISO 16140-3:2021. Pathogens 2024; 13:141. [PMID: 38392879 PMCID: PMC10892580 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial contamination and foodborne infections are a significant global public health concern. For this reason, the detection, monitoring, and characterization of pathogens represent a significant challenge in quality control settings. Standard approaches, such as culture methods and biochemical tests, are known to be very time-consuming and intensive. Conversely, molecular technologies based on the genomic identification of bacteria are quick and low-cost. Listeria monocytogenes is an opportunistic pathogen and a major concern especially in food industries. It is important to understand and implement multiple quality control measures to control Listeria infection risk and prevent the contamination of products. Standardized detection and confirmation tests such as the API Listeria test, MALDI-TOF MS, and PCR analysis are available. The aim of our work is to provide a specific molecular method, designed according to the EN UNI ISO 16140-3:2021, for the specific detection, monitoring, and characterization of Listeria spp. and Listeria monocytogenes contamination. The verification of this new rapid approach by real-time PCR (qPCR) overcomes the limitations of culture-based techniques, meeting all the verification criteria required by ISO guidelines, including implementation and item confirmation. This system offers a powerful approach to the real-time assessment of food safety, useful for industry self-monitoring and regulatory inspection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Bolzon
- Biofarma Group Srl, Via Castelliere 2, 33036 Udine, Italy; (V.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Michela Bulfoni
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Massimo Pesando
- Biofarma Group Srl, Via Castelliere 2, 33036 Udine, Italy; (V.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Alessandro Nencioni
- IBSA Institut Biochimique SA, Via del Piano 29, CH-6915 Lugano, Switzerland;
| | - Emanuele Nencioni
- Biofarma Group Srl, Via Castelliere 2, 33036 Udine, Italy; (V.B.); (M.P.)
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3
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Vasconcelos M, Moreira AP, Pereira CS, Duarte Armindo R, Noronha C. Brain Abscess Caused by Listeria monocytogenes: A Rare Case of Supratentorial Neurolisteriosis. Cureus 2024; 16:e54521. [PMID: 38516480 PMCID: PMC10955792 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive bacillus that presents a tropism for the central nervous system (CNS). In fact, CNS involvement occurs in over two-thirds of infections caused by this agent. Meningitis is the most common manifestation, while brain abscess is rare. We present the case of a 77-year-old male patient on corticosteroid treatment for bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia with a history of unpasteurized cheese consumption, who presented with fever and altered mental status. Brain computerized tomography scan revealed left frontal cortico-subcortical hypodensity mimicking an ischemic stroke. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging revealed a brain abscess, and blood cultures yielded Listeria monocytogenes. A good clinical outcome was achieved after appropriate antimicrobial therapy and abscess drainage. This case underscores the importance of considering Listeria monocytogenes in CNS infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals over 65 years of age. The atypical supratentorial involvement challenges the more common rhombencephalitis presentation. Maintaining a high level of suspicion in relevant populations is crucial for timely diagnosis and intervention, especially in patients with comorbidities, who present particularly high mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carla Noronha
- Internal Medicine, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Lisbon, PRT
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4
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Moniz Ramos M, Ambrioso I, Ferreira F, Grego MM, Brochado M. A Case of Notifiable Alithiatic Cholecystitis. Cureus 2024; 16:e54930. [PMID: 38410626 PMCID: PMC10895685 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute alithiatic cholecystitis is an inflammation of the gallbladder without evidence of gallstones, often due to infection. It can occur at any age, and it is predominant in males. Listeriosis is a rare bacterial infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes (LM) through the ingestion of contaminated food such as dairy, legumes, and raw meats. Clinical presentations of listeriosis include bacteremia, meningitis, and gastroenteritis. Acute cholecystitis caused by listeria is even more uncommon, with only 23 cases reported in the literature. We present a case of a 65-year-old male, admitted to the Emergency Department with fever and altered state of consciousness which revealed bacteremia due to cholecystitis to LM. The patient was submitted to laparoscopic cholecystectomy and appropriate antibiotic coverage and was discharged seven days later. Early recognition and treatment of this disease are crucial for reducing morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inês Ambrioso
- Internal Medicine, Hospital Distrital de Santarém, Santarém, PRT
| | | | - Maria M Grego
- Internal Medicine, Hospital Distrital de Santarém, Santarém, PRT
| | - Marisa Brochado
- Internal Medicine, Hospital Distrital de Santarém, Santarém, PRT
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5
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Correia de Sá A, Casanova D, Ferreira AL, Fernandes C, Cotter J. Listeriosis in Pregnancy: A Rare but High-Risk Infection. Cureus 2023; 15:e47748. [PMID: 38021504 PMCID: PMC10676268 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is a rare infection among the general population, with an estimated incidence in Europe of 0.49 cases per 100,000 habitants in 2021. During pregnancy, the incidence rises around ten times, peaking in the third trimester. While maternal consequences are usually mild, the potential for severe fetal and neonatal outcomes exists, leading to fetal loss, prematurity, neonatal sepsis, meningitis, and mortality. In the newborn, the clinical presentation and outcomes are associated with both gestational timing of infection and birth gestational age. We report a case of a pregnant woman with fever and nonspecific symptoms during the second trimester, leading to the diagnosis of Listeria bacteremia. We describe the steps for diagnostics, evolution, and complications and the importance of the differential diagnosis when evaluating pregnant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Casanova
- Internal Medicine, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, PRT
| | - Ana L Ferreira
- Internal Medicine, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, PRT
| | - Carlos Fernandes
- Internal Medicine, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, PRT
| | - Jorge Cotter
- Internal Medicine, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, PRT
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6
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Anderson TS, McCormick AL, Daugherity EA, Oladejo M, Okpalanwaka IF, Smith SL, Appiah D, Wood LM, Lowe DB. Listeria-based vaccination against the pericyte antigen RGS5 elicits anti-vascular effects and colon cancer protection. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2260620. [PMID: 37781234 PMCID: PMC10540654 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2260620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality despite efforts to improve standard interventions. As CRC patients can benefit from immunotherapeutic strategies that incite effector T cell action, cancer vaccines represent a safe and promising therapeutic approach to elicit protective and durable immune responses against components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, we investigate the pre-clinical potential of a Listeria monocytogenes (Lm)-based vaccine targeting the CRC-associated vasculature. CRC survival and progression are reliant on functioning blood vessels to effectively mediate various metabolic processes and oxygenate underlying tissues. We, therefore, advance the strategy of initiating immunity in syngeneic mouse models against the endogenous pericyte antigen RGS5, which is a critical mediator of pathological vascularization. Overall, Lm-based vaccination safely induced potent anti-tumor effects that consisted of recruiting functional Type-1-associated T cells into the TME and reducing tumor blood vessel content. This study underscores the promising clinical potential of targeting RGS5 against vascularized tumors like CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor S. Anderson
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, USA
| | - Amanda L. McCormick
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Daugherity
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, USA
| | - Mariam Oladejo
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, USA
| | - Izuchukwu F. Okpalanwaka
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, USA
| | - Savanna L. Smith
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, USA
| | - Duke Appiah
- Department of Public Health, School of Population and Public Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Laurence M. Wood
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, USA
| | - Devin B. Lowe
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, USA
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7
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Song H, Zhou Y, Chen T, Wang J. Endogenous listeria monocytogenes endophthalmitis in a cirrhotic patient. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e07670. [PMID: 37426683 PMCID: PMC10323651 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous endophthalmitis caused by listeria monocytogenes is rare and serious, which is easily misdiagnosed initially. We present one case of endogenous endophthalmitis due to listeria monocytogenes in a cirrhotic patient, whose diagnosis was delayed 17 days after admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huping Song
- Department of OphthalmologyShaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital)Xi'anChina
| | - Yunyun Zhou
- Department of OphthalmologyShaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital)Xi'anChina
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of OphthalmologyShaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital)Xi'anChina
| | - Jingbo Wang
- Department of OphthalmologyShaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital)Xi'anChina
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8
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Simão Raimundo D, Viveiros E, Monteiro I, Gomes F. Challenges in Managing a Case of Neonatal Listeriosis in Portugal. Cureus 2023; 15:e38405. [PMID: 37265911 PMCID: PMC10231900 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A male neonate was born at 34 weeks due to spontaneous labor with associated fetal distress and meconium-stained amniotic fluid. The neonate presented with septic shock and congenital pneumonia shortly after birth and later neurological symptoms. Listeria monocytogenes was identified in blood samples, but with negative urine and cerebrospinal fluid cultures. The neonate required assisted ventilation for a period of 10 days and received high-dose and long-term antibiotic therapy. Despite the fact that the mother denied an infectious risk for listeriosis infection, she developed mild respiratory symptoms. Her microbiological investigation was negative, although it did not include placental samples. Vertical transmission in this case was presumed but not confirmed. The newborn was discharged asymptomatic at day 26 of life and has presented normal developmental evolution until present, at eight months old. Listeria monocytogenes is a classic but relatively rare cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis. This case describes a clinically successfully managed case with no possible epidemiological link and illustrates the challenges in managing cases of a public health disease. In neonatal listeriosis, communication between Neonatology and Obstetrics departments, as well as with public health, is vital, and long-term follow-up is crucial to identify possible neurological sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Simão Raimundo
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo de Ponta Delgada, Ponta Delgada, PRT
| | - Eulália Viveiros
- Neonatal Unit, Pediatrics Department, Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo de Ponta Delgada, Ponta Delgada, PRT
| | - Isabel Monteiro
- Neonatal Unit, Pediatrics Department, Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo de Ponta Delgada, Ponta Delgada, PRT
| | - Fernanda Gomes
- Neonatal Unit, Pediatrics Department, Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo de Ponta Delgada, Ponta Delgada, PRT
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9
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Turner MD. "Forbidden Fish": Did King Henry I Die of Lamprey Poisoning? Cureus 2023; 15:e39298. [PMID: 37346210 PMCID: PMC10281476 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
For centuries, the sudden and mysterious death of King Henry I has been attributed to a large meal of lampreys that accidentally poisoned the unfortunate monarch. In this article, we conclude that lampreys were likely not the cause of the king's illness, nor is it likely that he was deliberately poisoned. Although a wide variety of abdominal pathologies could have been responsible, we suggest that a sporadic central nervous system (CNS) infection of Listeria monocytogenes appears to be the most likely cause of Henry's death, correlating with both his symptoms and rapid decline.
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10
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Meurer A, Antoni C, Ebert MP, Trimborn A, Hirth M. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes: a rare infection with very high leukocyte counts in ascitic fluid-case report and review of the literature. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2023; 47:102130. [PMID: 37116650 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2023.102130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
We present a rare case of Listeria monocytogenes-induced spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in cirrhosis. Examination of the patient's peritoneal fluid revealed an extremely high leukocyte count. We suspect, that the patient belongs to 1% of individuals in which Listeria monocytogenes is part of the intestinal flora. Cephalosporins as empiric antibiotics have a Listeria gap. A combination of aminopenicillin and aminoglycoside is recommended. Therefore, early microbiological diagnosis from ascites and blood is essential. Listeria should be considered as a rare cause of SBP, especially in case of very high leukocyte count in peritoneal fluid or lack of response to empiric therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Meurer
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Antoni
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias P Ebert
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Trimborn
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hirth
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
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11
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Chua MD, Mineva GM, Guttman JA. Ube2N is present and functions within listeria Actin-rich structures and lamellipodia: A localization and pharmacological inhibition study. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022; 306:1140-1148. [PMID: 35488878 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton forms much of the structure needed for the intracellular motility of an assortment of microbes as well as entire cells. The co-factor to the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme Ube2N (Ube2V1) has been implicated in both cancer cell metastasis and lysine-63 ubiquitylation of β actin. As this protein complexes with Ube2N, we sought to investigate whether Ube2N itself was involved in actin-based events occurring during the Listeria monocytogenes infections as well as within motile whole cells. Through examination of L. monocytogenes actin clouds, comet tails and membrane protrusions as well as lamellipodia in migrating cells, we show that Ube2N is recruited to actin-rich structures. When pharmacologically inhibited we demonstrate that Ube2N is crucial for the function of actin-rich structures when associated with the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dominic Chua
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gabriela Miroslavova Mineva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julian Andrew Guttman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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12
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Vesković-Moračanin S, Dragutin Đ, Velebit B, Borović B, Milijašević M, Stojanova M. Determination of antilisterial effect of some microbial isolates from traditional zlatar cheese during the fermentation of soft white cheese. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2022:10820132221097871. [PMID: 35484809 DOI: 10.1177/10820132221097871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to select autochthonous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates with antilisterial activity from Zlatar cheese and to evaluate the ability of selected LAB to control Listeria monocytogenes growth during soft white cheese production. The genotype characterization of isolated LAB (n = 93) was done using PCR method by 16S rRNA sequencing. In this way, the following isolates were detected: Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis (40 isolates), Enterococcus faecalis (30), Lactobacillus plantarum (12), Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. mesenteroides (3) Lactobacillus garvieae (3), Lactobacillus curvatus (2), Lactobacillus casei (1), Enterococcus faecium (1) and Staphylococcus hominis (1). Each isolated LAB was tested for bacteriocin-producing ability. It was determined that two LAB isolates had bactericidal properties: Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis SRB/ZS/094 and Enterococcus faecalis SRB/ZS/090. Semi-purified of enterococcal bacteriocin (enterocin) was isolated using precipitation procedures with ammonium sulphate. Its properties were determined (strength and range of activities). Isolated enterocin and bacteriocin-producing Lactococcus strain showed significant antimicribial activity against Listeria monocytogenes, but still the inhibition activity of Staphylococcus aurues and Escherichia coli was not detected. Based on the obtained laboratory results, in the second phase of the research, the antilisterial effect of bacteriocin isolated from Enterococcus faecalis SRB/ZS/090 and cells Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis SRB/ZS/094 were determined, that are added as additives in the production of soft white cheese through five variants. Cheese supplemented with enterocin (E2) had the lowest aerobic mesophilic bacteria count, indicating that enterocin (E2) play an important role for bio-preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Đukić Dragutin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agronomy Čačak, 127740University of Kragujevac, Cara Dusana 34, 32000 Čačak, Serbia
| | - Branko Velebit
- 229778Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Kaćanskog 13, 11000 Beograd, Serbia
| | - Branka Borović
- 229778Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Kaćanskog 13, 11000 Beograd, Serbia
| | - Milan Milijašević
- 229778Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Kaćanskog 13, 11000 Beograd, Serbia
| | - Monika Stojanova
- Faculty of Agriculture, 54801University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6 Str., Belgrade 11000, Serbia
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13
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Zheng Y, Yan W, Dou C, Zhou D, Chen Y, Jin Y, Yang L, Zeng X, Cheng W. Structural insights into the catalytic and inhibitory mechanisms of the flavin transferase FmnB in Listeria monocytogenes. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e99. [PMID: 35281791 PMCID: PMC8906456 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, a food-borne Gram-positive pathogen, often causes diseases such as gastroenteritis, bacterial sepsis, and meningitis. Newly discovered extracellular electron transfer (EET) from L. monocytogenes plays critical roles in the generation of redox molecules as electron carriers in bacteria. A Mg2+-dependent protein flavin mononucleotide (FMN) transferase (FmnB; UniProt: LMRG_02181) in EET is responsible for the transfer of electrons from intracellular to extracellular by hydrolyzing cofactor flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and transferring FMN. FmnB homologs have been investigated in Gram-negative bacteria but have been less well studied in Gram-positive bacteria. In particular, the catalytic and inhibitory mechanisms of FmnB homologs remain elusive. Here, we report a series of crystal structures of apo-FmnB and FmnB complexed with substrate FAD, three inhibitors AMP, ADP, and ATP, revealing the unusual catalytic triad center (Asp301-Ser257-His273) of FmnB. The three inhibitors indeed inhibited the activity of FmnB in varying degrees by occupying the binding site of the FAD substrate. The key residue Arg262 of FmnB was profoundly affected by ADP but not AMP or ATP. Overall, our studies not only provide insights into the promiscuous ligand recognition behavior of FmnB but also shed light on its catalytic and inhibitory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Zheng
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineRespiratory Infection and Intervention Laboratory of Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Weizhu Yan
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineRespiratory Infection and Intervention Laboratory of Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chao Dou
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineRespiratory Infection and Intervention Laboratory of Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Dan Zhou
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineRespiratory Infection and Intervention Laboratory of Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yunying Chen
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineRespiratory Infection and Intervention Laboratory of Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ying Jin
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineRespiratory Infection and Intervention Laboratory of Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lulu Yang
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineRespiratory Infection and Intervention Laboratory of Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaotao Zeng
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineRespiratory Infection and Intervention Laboratory of Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Wei Cheng
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineRespiratory Infection and Intervention Laboratory of Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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14
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Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes can cause gastrointestinal infections in healthy children and adults, but they tend to be mild and self-limiting. It can, however, cause serious potentially lethal infections, such as meningitis and bacteremia, to those with underlying conditions. A woman in her 60s with liver cirrhosis developed abdominal pain and a fever, and she turned out to have a perianal abscess caused by L. monocytogenes. Perianal abscess is a rare complication of L. monocytogenes, but a recent epidemiological study revealed that the presence of cirrhosis might also be a risk factor for the development of invasive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Fujio
- Department of Pharmacy, Hyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical Center, Japan
| | - Takafumi Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical Center, Japan
| | - Naomi Morishita
- Department of Nursing, Hyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical Center, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Ohtani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical Center, Japan
| | - Kentaro Iwata
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Hospital, Japan
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15
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Silva C, Ferrão D, Almeida M, Nogueira-Silva L, Almeida JS. Neurolisteriosis: The Importance of a Prompt Diagnosis. Cureus 2021; 13:e16662. [PMID: 34458048 PMCID: PMC8384388 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a prevalent disease that may need immunosuppressant treatment, which increases the risk of an opportunistic infection. We present the case of a woman with corticosteroid-resistant ITP who was electively admitted to the hospital to initiate second-line treatment. On the second day, she presented with a high fever and altered mental status, with no lesions on the cerebral tomography and inconclusive cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Nonetheless, she was promptly started on empiric antibiotics for meningitis which were then adjusted for Listeria monocytogenes, isolated in blood culture. The cerebral magnetic resonance showed signs of cerebritis and pyogenic foci. The patient was discharged after 73 days of treatment, asymptomatic and with no neurological sequelae. The mortality rate of neurolisteriosis can be as high as 50%. The median time between the initial symptoms and their detection is seven days, with many patients already developing cerebral abscesses. The favorable outcome of this patient was due to the precocious detection and start of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Silva
- Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, PRT
| | - Diana Ferrão
- Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, PRT
| | - Mariana Almeida
- Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, PRT
| | - Luis Nogueira-Silva
- Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, PRT.,Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, PRT
| | - Jorge S Almeida
- Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, PRT.,Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, PRT
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16
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Burke TP, Engström P, Tran CJ, Langohr IM, Glasner DR, Espinosa DA, Harris E, Welch MD. Interferon receptor-deficient mice are susceptible to eschar-associated rickettsiosis. eLife 2021; 10:e67029. [PMID: 34423779 PMCID: PMC8428839 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthropod-borne rickettsial pathogens cause mild and severe human disease worldwide. The tick-borne pathogen Rickettsia parkeri elicits skin lesions (eschars) and disseminated disease in humans; however, inbred mice are generally resistant to infection. We report that intradermal infection of mice lacking both interferon receptors (Ifnar1-/-;Ifngr1-/-) with as few as 10 R. parkeri elicits eschar formation and disseminated, lethal disease. Similar to human infection, eschars exhibited necrosis and inflammation, with bacteria primarily found in leukocytes. Using this model, we find that the actin-based motility factor Sca2 is required for dissemination from the skin to internal organs, and the outer membrane protein OmpB contributes to eschar formation. Immunizing Ifnar1-/-;Ifngr1-/- mice with sca2 and ompB mutant R. parkeri protects against rechallenge, revealing live-attenuated vaccine candidates. Thus, Ifnar1-/-;Ifngr1-/- mice are a tractable model to investigate rickettsiosis, virulence factors, and immunity. Our results further suggest that discrepancies between mouse and human susceptibility may be due to differences in interferon signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Burke
- Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Patrik Engström
- Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Cuong J Tran
- Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Division of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Ingeborg M Langohr
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeUnited States
| | - Dustin R Glasner
- Division of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Diego A Espinosa
- Division of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Matthew D Welch
- Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
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17
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Zhang J, Huang S, Xu L, Tao M, Zhao Y, Liang Z. Brain abscess due to listeria monocytogenes: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26839. [PMID: 34397853 PMCID: PMC8341277 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Listeria monocytogenes infective encephalitis is a rare phenomenon, which is more common in people with changed eating habits and immunodeficiency. To the best of our knowledge, listeria brain abscess is even more rare. In this case report, we summarized the clinical characteristics of listeria brain abscess, in order to explore the diagnosis and treatment of Listeria brain abscess, and raise awareness and attention to the disease. PATIENT CONCERNS A 64-years-old female patient presented to our institution with 4 days of right arm and leg weakness, the salient past history of the patient was nephrotic syndrome, membranous nephropathy diagnosed 6 months prior, for which she was prescribed glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide. DIAGNOSIS Listeria monocytogenes was cultured in the blood of the patient. Comprehensive medical history and imaging features, she was diagnosed as listeria brain abscess. INTERVENTIONS The patient underwent ampicillin combined with meropenem but not surgery. OUTCOMES The patient recovered without complications. At a 3-month follow-up visit, the condition was better than that before treatment. LESSONS Listeria brain abscess is an unusual form of listeriosis, its clinical manifestations lack specificity. Early accurate diagnosis and standardized treatment can effectively promote the recovery of neurological function as well as reduce the morbidity and mortality and improve the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hostipal Affiliated to Qingdao University
| | | | - Luyao Xu
- Department of Neurology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hostipal Affiliated to Qingdao University
| | - Manli Tao
- Department of Neurology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hostipal Affiliated to Qingdao University
| | - Yujun Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hostipal Affiliated to Qingdao University
| | - Zhigang Liang
- Department of Neurology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hostipal Affiliated to Qingdao University
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18
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Arzola LH, Anaya-Ayala JE, Lopez-Pena G, Luna L, Ruben-Castillo C, Contreras-Jimenez E, Laparra-Escareno H, Hinojosa CA. Favorable Conservative Management of a Rare Primary Aortitis Secondary to Listeria Monocytogenes: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2021; 55:744-748. [PMID: 33736558 DOI: 10.1177/15385744211004056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Primary aortitis (PA) secondary to Listeria monocytogenes is extremely rare with only a few cases reported in the literature. Presently, there is no consensus concerning the best treatment when no complications are found in the thoracic computed tomography (CT) imaging. This report illustrates the clinical presentation and favorable clinical course of a rare case of PA secondary to Listeria monocytogenes in an 82-year-old diabetic woman, successfully treated with conservative management with 18 months of follow up. Included in this article, we additionally present a review of the literature of this uncommon etiology of infectious aortitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis H Arzola
- Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier E Anaya-Ayala
- Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Pena
- Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lizeth Luna
- Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Christopher Ruben-Castillo
- Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Emmanuel Contreras-Jimenez
- Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hugo Laparra-Escareno
- Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Hinojosa
- Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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19
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Aslan H, Petersen ME, De Berardinis A, Zacho Brunhede M, Khan N, Vergara A, Kallipolitis B, Meyer RL. Activation of the Two-Component System LisRK Promotes Cell Adhesion and High Ampicillin Tolerance in Listeria monocytogenes. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:618174. [PMID: 33584621 PMCID: PMC7873292 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.618174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen which can survive in harsh environmental conditions. It responds to external stimuli through an array of two-component systems (TCS) that sense external cues. Several TCS, including LisRK, have been linked to Listeria’s ability to grow at slightly elevated antibiotic levels. The aim of this study was to determine if the TCS LisRK is also involved in acquiring the high antibiotic tolerance that is characteristic of persister cells. LisRK activates a response that leads to remodeling of the cell envelope, and we therefore hypothesized that activation of LisRK could also increase in the cells’ adhesiveness and initiate the first step in biofilm formation. We used a ΔlisR mutant to study antibiotic tolerance in the presence and absence of LisRK, and a GFP reporter strain to visualize the activation of LisRK in L. monocytogenes LO28 at a single-cell level. LisRK was activated in most cells in stationary phase cultures. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests showed that LisRK was required for the generation of ampicillin tolerance under these conditions. The wildtype strain tolerated exposure to ampicillin at 1,000 × inhibitory levels for 24 h, and the fraction of surviving cells was 20,000-fold higher in the wildtype strain compared to the ΔlisR mutant. The same protection was not offered to other antibiotics (vancomycin, gentamicin, tetracycline), and the mechanism for antibiotic tolerance is thus highly specific. Furthermore, quantification of bacterial attachment rates and attachment force also revealed that the absence of a functional LisRK rendered the cells less adhesive. Hence, LisRK TCS promotes multiple protective mechanisms simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüsnü Aslan
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Maja Zacho Brunhede
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nasar Khan
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alberto Vergara
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Birgitte Kallipolitis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rikke Louise Meyer
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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20
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Pereira MEVDC, Gonzalez DE, Roberto FB, Foresto RD, Kirsztajn GM, Durão MDS. Listeria monocytogenes meningoencephalitis in a patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Bras Nefrol 2020; 42:375-379. [PMID: 32406475 PMCID: PMC7657045 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2019-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infectious complications are common in systemic lupus erythematosus. Although uncommon, central nervous system infections do occur and have significant lethality, with several etiological agents. METHODS We report on the case of a 29-year-old woman recently diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus with hematological, cutaneous, serous and renal manifestations (class IV lupus nephritis), who underwent corticosteroid pulse therapy and mycophenolate induction therapy. After 3 months of evolution, she developed headache and altered mental status. Computed tomography showed an area of hypoattenuation in the left frontal white matter and her cerebrospinal fluid examination showed pleocytosis and hyperproteinorrhachia. Peripheral blood and CSF culture identified Listeria monocytogenes. The patient presented deterioration of her neurological status, requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, monitoring of intracranial pressure and, despite all the intensive support, persisted in a comatose state and developed multiple organ failure, evolving to death due to nosocomial bloodstream infection. DISCUSSION Infection from L. monocytogenes usually occurs after eating contaminated food, manifesting itself with diarrhea and, occasionally, invasively, such as neurolisteriosis. Further investigation with CSF analysis and MRI is necessary, and the diagnosis consists of isolating the bacteria in sterile body fluid. CONCLUSION The case presents a patient whose diagnosis of meningoencephalitis became an important differential with neuropsychiatric disorder. The poor outcome reinforces the need to remember this infectious condition as a serious complication in the natural history of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Ennes Gonzalez
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Nefrologia, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Badiani Roberto
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Nefrologia, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Renato Demarchi Foresto
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Nefrologia, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Gianna Mastroianni Kirsztajn
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Nefrologia, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Marcelino de Souza Durão
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Nefrologia, São Paulo, Brasil
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21
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Saini K, Kaushal A, Gupta S, Kumar D. PlcA-based nanofabricated electrochemical DNA biosensor for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes in raw milk samples. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:327. [PMID: 32656060 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The electrochemical DNA biosensor has been developed for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes in raw milk samples. The electrochemical studies of the developed biosensor was recorded by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance (EI) using methylene blue (MB) and potassium ferricyanide K3Fe(CN)- 6 as redox indicators. The selectivity of the developed biosensor was demonstrated using complementary and mismatch oligonucleotide sequences. The sensitivity (S) of the developed sensor was recorded as 3461 (μA/cm2)/ng and limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 82 fg/6 µl with the regression coefficient (R 2) 0.941 using CV. The sensor was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The electrode was found to be stable for six months, with only 10% loss in the initial CV current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Saini
- Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, PO, Distt. Solan, Sultanpur, 173229 HP India
| | - Ankur Kaushal
- Amity University, Manesar, Gurugram, 122413 Haryana India
| | - Shagun Gupta
- Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, PO, Distt. Solan, Sultanpur, 173229 HP India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, PO, Distt. Solan, Sultanpur, 173229 HP India
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22
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Zou M, Yang J, Wiechers C, Huehn J. Acute neonatal Listeria monocytogenes infection causes long-term, organ-specific changes in immune cell subset composition. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2020; 10:98-106. [PMID: 32644940 PMCID: PMC7391377 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2020.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a food-borne pathogen with a high chance of infecting neonates, pregnant women, elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Lm infection in neonates can cause neonatal meningitis and sepsis with a high risk of severe neurological and developmental sequelae and high mortality rates. However, whether an acute neonatal Lm infection causes long-term effects on the immune system persisting until adulthood has not been fully elucidated. Here, we established a neonatal Lm infection model and monitored the composition of major immune cell subsets at defined time points post infection (p.i.) in secondary lymphoid organs and the intestine. Twelve weeks p.i., the CD8+ T cell population was decreased in colon and mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs) with an opposing increase in the spleen. In the colon, we observed an accumulation of CD4+ and CD8+ effector/memory T cells with an increase of T-bet+ T helper 1 (Th1) cells. In addition, 12 weeks p.i. an altered composition of innate lymphoid cell (ILC) and dendritic cell (DC) subsets was still observed in colon and mLNs, respectively. Together, these findings highlight organ-specific long-term consequences of an acute neonatal Lm infection on both the adaptive and innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangge Zou
- 1Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Juhao Yang
- 1Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Carolin Wiechers
- 1Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- 1Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,2Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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23
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Mahesh KV, Shree R, Shah J, Modi M. Listeria rhombencephalitis with hydrocephalus. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020; 91:562. [PMID: 32165378 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-322989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Vinay Mahesh
- Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ritu Shree
- Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jimil Shah
- Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manish Modi
- Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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24
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Douchy T, Lagrou K, Jochmans I, Sainz Barriga M, Monbaliu D, Pirenne J, Debaveye Y. Solid organ donation after death from listeria encephalitis: A case report. Transpl Infect Dis 2020; 22:e13295. [PMID: 32303115 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite organ shortage, organs from donors with listeria infections have been discarded for transplantation. We present the first-reported case of liver transplantation following listeria encephalitis. The patient was admitted with progressing neurological symptoms after an episode of gastroenteritis. Rhombo-encephalitis was diagnosed, and Listeria monocytogenes was found to be the causative pathogen. Despite proper antibiotic treatment and rapid clearance of bacteremia, he continued to deteriorate and became brain dead, after which organ donation was performed. At procurement, he had been treated with amoxicillin for 9 days. The recipient was treated with pipercillin/tazobactam for 21 days. Besides an anastomotic biliary stricture, necessitating endoscopic dilatation and stenting, further clinical course was uneventful and she is doing well eleven months post-transplant. Our case suggests that listeria encephalitis is not an absolute contra-indication to solid organ donation. We suggest that donors should be treated with adequate antibiotics for at least 48h prior to procurement and advocate confirmation of sterile blood cultures as a prerequisite for donation. According to listeriosis guidelines, we suggest that the recipient should be treated with targeted antibiotics for at least 2 weeks. The risk of transmission should, however, always be balanced carefully against the suspected waiting list mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Douchy
- Department of abdominal transplant surgery, University hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Lagrou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, University hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ina Jochmans
- Department of abdominal transplant surgery, University hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Lab of Abdominal Transplantation, Transplantation Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mauricio Sainz Barriga
- Department of abdominal transplant surgery, University hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Lab of Abdominal Transplantation, Transplantation Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diethard Monbaliu
- Department of abdominal transplant surgery, University hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Lab of Abdominal Transplantation, Transplantation Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jacques Pirenne
- Department of abdominal transplant surgery, University hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Lab of Abdominal Transplantation, Transplantation Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yves Debaveye
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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25
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Abstract
RATIONALE Listeria monocytogenes rarely affects immunocompetent adults, and only a few cases of encephalitis caused by L monocytogenes in humans have been reported in China. PATIENT CONCERNS A 37-year-old male patient presented with headache and fever of 38°C to 39°C for 2 days and dysphoria and dystrophy for 1 day. DIAGNOSIS The patient was diagnosed as having encephalitis, and his cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood cultures tested positive for L monocytogenes. INTERVENTIONS The patient was treated with intravenous vancomycin, meropenem, mannitol, methylprednisolone, and enteral nutrition. The computed tomography (CT) scan showed swelling of the brain and hydrocephalus. The patient was treated with emergent surgery, a ventricular drainage tube was inserted, and the CSF was drained daily. OUTCOMES Despite adequate therapy, the illness was severe and progressed rapidly. The patient died 2 weeks after admission. LESSONS We report a rare case of L monocytogenes encephalitis in a previously healthy immunocompetent adult in China. The patient's CT scans showed increasing brain swelling and hydrocephalus, and the patient's condition progressively deteriorated.
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26
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Xu J, Gao F, Yuan Z, Jiang L, Xia Z, Zhao Z. Mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS) associated with bacteria meningitis caused by listeria monocytogenes: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11561. [PMID: 30045281 PMCID: PMC6078722 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion is a clinico-radiological syndrome mainly triggered by viral infection. Bacteria, like listeria monocytogenes, are relatively rare pathogens. PATIENT CONCERNS A two and a half years old girl with a 3-day history of fever and vomiting, complicated by a sudden seizure. She was in a coma after seizure. DIAGNOSES Listeria monocytogenes was detected in cerebrospinal fluid cultures. Serum IL-6 remarkably elevated, and hyponatremia appeared on day 2 of hospitalization. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain performed on day 3 of hospitalization showed right subdural effusion and a lesion in the central portion of the splenium of the corpus callosum. INTERVENTIONS We administered antimicrobial therapy, intravenous mannitol and hypertonic fluid therapy. OUTCOMES Her neurological symptoms improved gradually. The lesion in the splenium of the corpus callosum completely disappeared on magnetic resonance imaging on day 10 of hospitalization. LESSONS We diagnosed this case as mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion caused by listeria monocytogenes. The patient recovered completely clinically and on imaging, without any specific immunomodulatory treatment. It also indicated IL-6 may play a role in the forms of hyponatremia in mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion.
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27
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Simon K, Simon V, Rosenzweig R, Barroso R, Gillmor-Kahn M. Listeria, Then and Now: A Call to Reevaluate Patient Teaching Based on Analysis of US Federal Databases, 1998-2016. J Midwifery Womens Health 2018; 63:301-308. [PMID: 29799155 DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen capable of crossing the placental-fetal barrier; infection with the bacterium causes listeriosis. An exposed fetus may suffer blindness, neurological damage including meningitis, or even death. The adverse consequences of listeriosis place the infection on the federally reportable disease list. Primary prevention relies on women avoiding 6 categories of foods most likely to be contaminated with L monocytogenes, as indicated in guidelines developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), adapted by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) in 2014, and reaffirmed without changes by ACOG in 2016. This report contains a critical evaluation of United States listeriosis prevention guidelines. METHODS Between 1998 and 2016, there were 876 identified listeriosis events documented in the illness and recall databases maintained by the CDC, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and United States Department of Agriculture - Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA-FSIS). Each contaminated food was manually compared to the existing listeriosis avoidance guidelines, placing each event within or outside the guidelines. Trends were analyzed over time. RESULTS Database analysis demonstrates that prior to the year 2000, abiding by the current guidelines would have prevented all reported listeriosis cases. However, in 2015 and 2016, only 5% of confirmed L monocytogenes infections originated from the 6 food groups listed in the CDC and ACOG guidelines. Similar trends emerged for food processing plant recalls (USDA-FSIS database) and grocery store recalls (FDA database). The total number of listeriosis illnesses in the United States doubled from 2007 to 2014. DISCUSSION A gradual shift in detection of L monocytogenes contamination in ready-to-eat meals, frozen foods, and ready-to-eat salads has occurred. Another emerging culprit is pasteurized dairy products. Revision of listeriosis avoidance guidelines by a consensus-seeking, multidisciplinary task force, is needed.
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Chandra D, Selvanesan BC, Yuan Z, Libutti SK, Koba W, Beck A, Zhu K, Casadevall A, Dadachova E, Gravekamp C. 32-Phosphorus selectively delivered by listeria to pancreatic cancer demonstrates a strong therapeutic effect. Oncotarget 2017; 8:20729-20740. [PMID: 28186976 PMCID: PMC5400540 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our laboratory has developed a novel delivery platform using an attenuated non-toxic and non-pathogenic bacterium Listeria monocytogenes that infects tumor cells and selectively survives and multiplies in metastases and primary tumors with help of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment (TME). 32P was efficiently incorporated into the Listeria bacteria by starvation of the bacteria in saline, and then cultured in phosphorus-free medium complemented with 32P as a nutrient. Listeria-32P kills tumor cells through both 32P-induced ionizing radiation and Listeria-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). The levels of 32P and Listeria were studied in various normal and tumor tissues, at sequential time points after injection of mice with pancreatic cancer (syngeneic model Panc-02). We found that 32P and Listeria predominantly accumulated in tumors and metastases, with their highest accumulation 4 hrs (32P) and 3 days (Listeria) after injection. Listeria also penetrated the transgenic KPC (conditionally express endogenous Kras-G12D and p53-R172H mutant alleles) pancreatic tumors and metastases. This is remarkable since KPC tumors, like human tumors, exhibit a stromal barrier, which prevents most drugs from penetrating the pancreatic tumors. Therapeutic treatment with Listeria -32P resulted in a strong reduction of the growth of pancreatic cancer at early and late stages in Panc-02 and KPC mice. These results highlight the power of Listeria as new delivery platform of anticancer agents to the TME. Not only were therapeutic levels of radioactive Listeria reached in tumors and metastases but the selective delivery also led to minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Chandra
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Ziqiang Yuan
- Montefiore Medical Center, Medical Arts Pavilion, MMC-MAP, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Steven K Libutti
- Montefiore Medical Center, Medical Arts Pavilion, MMC-MAP, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Wade Koba
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Radiology, MRRC, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Amanda Beck
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Michael F. Price Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Kun Zhu
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ekaterina Dadachova
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Radiology/Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Claudia Gravekamp
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Piotto S, Concilio S, Sessa L, Diana R, Torrens G, Juan C, Caruso U, Iannelli P. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Studies of New Antibacterial Azo-Compounds Active against Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. Molecules 2017; 22:E1372. [PMID: 28825625 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Some novel (phenyl-diazenyl)phenols (4a–m) were designed and synthesized to be evaluated for their antibacterial activity. Starting from an active previously-synthesized azobenzene chosen as lead compound, we introduced some modifications and optimization of the structure, in order to improve solubility and drug conveyance. Structures of all newly-synthesized compounds were confirmed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Antibacterial activity of the new compounds was tested with the dilution method against the bacteria strains Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. All the compounds were selectively active against Gram-positive bacteria. In particular, compounds 4d, 4h, and 4i showed the highest activity against S. aureus and Listeria monocytogenes, reaching remarkable MIC100 values of 4 μg/mL and 8 μg/mL. The relationship between antimicrobial activity and compound structure has suggested that the presence of hydroxyl groups seems to be essential for antimicrobial activity of phenolic compounds.
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Pandit R, Gaikwad S, Rai M. Biogenic fabrication of CuNPs, Cu bioconjugates and in vitro assessment of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. IET Nanobiotechnol 2017; 11:568-575. [PMID: 28745291 PMCID: PMC8675963 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2016.0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the authors synthesised copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) by using extract of Zingiber officinale (ginger) and later the NPs were bioconjugated with nisin, which shows antimicrobial activity against food spoilage microorganisms. CuNPs and its bioconjugate were characterised by ultraviolet-vis spectroscopy, NP tracking analysis, Zetasizer, transmission electron microscopy analysis, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy. Zeta potential of CuNPs and its bioconjugate were found to be very stable. They evaluated in vitro efficacy of CuNPs and its bioconjugate against selected food spoilage bacteria: namely, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Listeria monocytogenes and fungi including Fusarium moniliforme and Aspergillus niger. Antimicrobial activity of CuNPs was found to be maximum against F. moniliforme (18 mm) and the least activity was noted against L. monocytogenes (13 mm). Antioxidant activity of CuNPs and ginger extract was performed by various methods such as total antioxidant capacity reducing power assay, 1-1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical scavenging assay and hydrogen peroxide assay. Antioxidant activity of CuNPs was higher as compared with ginger extract. Hence, CuNPs and its bioconjugate can be used against food spoilage microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raksha Pandit
- Department of Biotechnology, SGB Amravati University, Amravati 444 602, Maharashtra, India
| | - Swapnil Gaikwad
- Microbial Diversity Research Center, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Tathawade, Pune 411 033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahendra Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, SGB Amravati University, Amravati 444 602, Maharashtra, India.
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Jahangir A, Chandra D, Quispe-Tintaya W, Singh M, Selvanesan BC, Gravekamp C. Immunotherapy with Listeria reduces metastatic breast cancer in young and old mice through different mechanisms. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1342025. [PMID: 28932647 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1342025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is one of the most promising and benign therapies against metastatic cancer. However, most cancer patients are old and elderly react less efficient to cancer vaccines than young adults, due to T cell unresponsiveness. Here we present data of cancer vaccination in young and old mice with metastatic breast cancer (4T1 model). We tested adaptive and innate immune responses to foreign antigens (Listeria-derived) and self-antigens (tumor-associated antigens (TAA)) and their contribution to elimination of metastases at young and old age. Three different protocols were tested with Listeria: a semi- and exclusive-therapeutic protocol both one-week apart, and an exclusive therapeutic protocol frequently administered. Adaptive and innate immune responses were measured by ELISPOT in correlation with efficacy in the 4T1 model. We found that Listeria induced immunogenic tumor cell death, resulting in CD8 T cell responses to multiple TAA expressed by the 4T1 tumors. Only exclusive therapeutic frequent immunizations were able to overcome immune suppression and to activate TAA- and Listeria-specific CD8 T cells, in correlation with a strong reduction in metastases at both ages. However, MHC class Ia antibodies showed inhibition of CD8 T cell responses to TAA at young but not at old age, and CD8 T cell depletions in vivo demonstrated that the T cells contributed to reduction in metastases at young age only. These results indicate that CD8 T cells activated by Listeria has an antitumor effect at young but not at old age, and that metastases at old age have been eliminated through different mechanism(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthee Jahangir
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Dinesh Chandra
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Wilber Quispe-Tintaya
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Manisha Singh
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Benson Chellakkan Selvanesan
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Claudia Gravekamp
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, USA
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Lamason RL, Bastounis E, Kafai NM, Serrano R, Del Álamo JC, Theriot JA, Welch MD. Rickettsia Sca4 Reduces Vinculin-Mediated Intercellular Tension to Promote Spread. Cell 2016; 167:670-683.e10. [PMID: 27768890 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae are human pathogens that infect cells in the vasculature. They disseminate through host tissues by a process of cell-to-cell spread that involves protrusion formation, engulfment, and vacuolar escape. Other bacterial pathogens rely on actin-based motility to provide a physical force for spread. Here, we show that SFG species Rickettsia parkeri typically lack actin tails during spread and instead manipulate host intercellular tension and mechanotransduction to promote spread. Using transposon mutagenesis, we identified surface cell antigen 4 (Sca4) as a secreted effector of spread that specifically promotes protrusion engulfment. Sca4 interacts with the cell-adhesion protein vinculin and blocks association with vinculin's binding partner, α-catenin. Using traction and monolayer stress microscopy, we show that Sca4 reduces vinculin-dependent mechanotransduction at cell-cell junctions. Our results suggest that Sca4 relieves intercellular tension to promote protrusion engulfment, which represents a distinctive strategy for manipulating cytoskeletal force generation to enable spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Lamason
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Effie Bastounis
- Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Natasha M Kafai
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ricardo Serrano
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Juan C Del Álamo
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Julie A Theriot
- Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matthew D Welch
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Abstract
The incidence of perinatal and neonatal Listeriosis is underestimated due undiagnosed stillbirths, misdiagnosis of NL and underreporting of single case reports. Recent outbreaks reinforce the need for better surveillance and targeted health education in certain population groups especially during pregnancy.
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Aloyouni SY, Segeritz CP, Sherrid AM, Gold MJ, Loeffler DIM, Blanchet MR, Cai B, Hirota J, McNagny KM, Kollmann TR. Perinatal Immunization With Vaccine-Grade Listeria monocytogenes Provides Protection Against Murine Th2 Airway Inflammation. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2014; 6:341-9. [PMID: 24991458 PMCID: PMC4077961 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2014.6.4.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Asthma is a chronic respiratory disorder that leads to inflammation and narrowing of the airways. Its global prevalence has attained epidemic levels and treatment options that reach beyond temporary relief of symptoms are urgently needed. Since the processes leading to clinically symptomatic asthma start early in life, we set out to systematically evaluate a neonatal immunotherapeutic based on Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) for the control of allergic sensitization. Methods We modified Lm to express the model allergen, ovalbumin (OVA), and tested the ability of neonatal immunization with this strain to control allergic sensitization in a mouse model of OVA-induced asthma. Mice were immunized as newborns with live or heat killed LmOVA or live Lm, followed 6 weeks later by allergic sensitization with OVA. In order to determine whether the TH1-polarizing effect of this vaccine vector inadvertently may exacerbate development of certain TH1-driven allergic diseases, mice immunized as newborns were assessed in a model of adult hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). Results Both LmOVA and Lm-control vaccines were highly effective in providing long-lasting protection from airway inflammation after only one immunization given perinatally. Serum antibody levels and lung cytokine production suggest that this prophylactic strategy is associated with an allergen specific TH1-dominated response. Specifically, LmOVA vaccinated mice displayed significantly elevated OVA-specific serum IgG2a, but no difference in anti-OVA IgE antibodies and only slightly decreased anti-OVA IgG1 antibodies. Importantly, Lm-based neonatal vaccination did not exacerbate Th1/Th17 driven HP, arguing against broad spectrum immune skewing. Conclusions Our findings highlight the promise of early life Lm-based immunomodulatory interventions as a prophylactic strategy for allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheka Yagub Aloyouni
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Division of Infectious & Immunological Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Charis-Patricia Segeritz
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Division of Infectious & Immunological Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ashley M Sherrid
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Division of Infectious & Immunological Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthew J Gold
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniela I M Loeffler
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Division of Infectious & Immunological Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marie-Renée Blanchet
- Centre de Recherche de L'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Bing Cai
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Division of Infectious & Immunological Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jeremy Hirota
- University of British Columbia James Hogg Research Centre-Heart and Lung Institute, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. ; Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tobias R Kollmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Division of Infectious & Immunological Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Dalzini E, Cosciani-Cunico E, Pavoni E, Bertasi B, Daminelli P, Finazzi G, Losio MN, Varisco G. Study of Growth Potential of Listeria Monocytogenes in Low Fat Salami: An Innovative Italian Meat Product. Ital J Food Saf 2014; 3:2112. [PMID: 27800321 PMCID: PMC5076671 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2014.2112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last years, consequently to EC Regulation no. 1924/2006 on nutrition and health claims made on foods, some Italian food businnes operators (FBOs) leaders in the meat sector, invested in research to develop innovative products such as low fat salami, containing up to 30% less fat than the traditional one. For FBOs it is essential to demonstrate for each production process whether the substrate allows the growth of L. monocytogenes and whether L. monocytogenes could reach or exceed the limit of 100 cfu g-1 at the end of the shelf life, as stated by EC Regulation no. 2073/2005. In the present study, the growth potential of L. monocytogenes during the shelf life of low fat salami packed in modified atmosphere was evaluated. The results show that the product is unable to support the growth of pathogen, even if the storage temperature is between 8 and 12°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Dalzini
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia degli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna B. Libertini, Brescia, Italy
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Momtaz H, Yadollahi S. Molecular characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from fresh seafood samples in Iran. Diagn Pathol 2013; 8:149. [PMID: 24033984 PMCID: PMC3852293 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among all species of Listeria, Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a major pathogenic microorganism of humans and animals and L. ivanovii is rarely pathogenic for humans. The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize Listeria species and to determine the frequencies of virulence genes in L. monocytogenes serotypes in fresh fish, shrimp, crab and lobster in Isfahan and Shahrekord, Iran. METHODS From September 2010 to April 2011, a total of 300 marine food samples were purchased from supermarkets of Isfahan and Shahrekord cities, Iran. All samples were cultured and the positive samples for L. monocytogenes were analyzed for presence of serotypes and virulence genes. RESULTS From the total 300 samples, 23 (10.45%) fresh fish and 1 (2.5%) shrimp samples were positive for Listeria spp., but there were no positive lobster and crab samples for Listeria species. Only L. monocytogenes was isolated from 17 fish (7.25%) and 1 shrimp (2.5%) samples while L. innocua, L. ivanovii and L. seeligeri only detected in fish samples (2 (0.9%), 3 (1.36%) and 1 (0.45%)), respectively. The plcA, prfA, actA, hlyA and iap virulence genes were detected in all of the 18 L. monocytogenes isolates. Totally, the 4b, 1/2a and 1/2b serotypes were detected in 66.66%, 5.55% and 27.77% bacterial isolates, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of these sea foods, either raw or undercooked, may contribute to food-borne illness due to L. monocytogenes in Iran. The hygienic quality of sea food products should be observe. VIRTUAL SLIDES The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/3422944359800606.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Momtaz
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, ShahreKord Branch, Islamic Azad University, ShahreKord, Iran
| | - Shole Yadollahi
- Post graduated of Master of Science of Microbiology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Falavarjan, Iran
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Anand PK, Tait SWG, Lamkanfi M, Amer AO, Nunez G, Pagès G, Pouysségur J, McGargill MA, Green DR, Kanneganti TD. TLR2 and RIP2 pathways mediate autophagy of Listeria monocytogenes via extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:42981-91. [PMID: 22033934 PMCID: PMC3234870 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.310599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular pathogen that invades both phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells. Recent studies have shown that L. monocytogenes infection activates the autophagy pathway. However, the innate immune receptors involved and the downstream signaling pathways remain unknown. Here, we show that macrophages deficient in the TLR2 and NOD/RIP2 pathway display defective autophagy induction in response to L. monocytogenes. Inefficient autophagy in Tlr2(-/-) and Nod2(-/-) macrophages led to a defect in bacteria colocalization with the autophagosomal marker GFP-LC3. Consequently, macrophages lacking TLR2 and NOD2 were found to be more susceptible to L. monocytogenes infection, as were the Rip2(-/-) mice. Tlr2(-/-) and Nod2(-/-) cells showed perturbed NF-κB and ERK signaling. However, autophagy against L. monocytogenes was dependent selectively on the ERK pathway. In agreement, wild-type cells treated with a pharmacological inhibitor of ERK or ERK-deficient cells displayed inefficient autophagy activation in response to L. monocytogenes. Accordingly, fewer bacteria were targeted to the autophagosomes and, consequently, higher bacterial growth was observed in cells deficient in the ERK signaling pathway. These findings thus demonstrate that TLR2 and NOD proteins, acting via the downstream ERK pathway, are crucial to autophagy activation and provide a mechanistic link between innate immune receptors and induction of autophagy against cytoplasm-invading microbes, such as L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras K. Anand
- From the From the Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Stephen W. G. Tait
- From the From the Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Mohamed Lamkanfi
- the Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- the Department of Medical Protein Research, Flanders Institute of Biotechnology, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amal O. Amer
- the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, and the Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Gabriel Nunez
- the Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, and
| | - Gilles Pagès
- the Institute of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, CNRS UMR 6543 Centre A, Lacassagne, 06189 Nice, France
| | - Jacques Pouysségur
- the Institute of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, CNRS UMR 6543 Centre A, Lacassagne, 06189 Nice, France
| | - Maureen A. McGargill
- From the From the Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Douglas R. Green
- From the From the Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti
- From the From the Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
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Abstract
Listeria is commonly found in processed and prepared foods and listeriosis is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Preventative measures are well prescribed and monitoring and voluntary recall of contaminated products has resulted in a 44% reduction in the prevalence of perinatal listeriosis in the USA. Pregnant women are at high risk for listeriosis, but symptoms are non-specific and diagnosis is difficult. The intracellular life-cycle of Listeria protects the bacterium from host innate and adaptive immune responses. Antibiotic treatment requires agents able to penetrate, distribute, and remain stable within host cells. Prolonged use of high-dose ampicillin can significantly improve neonatal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald F. Lamont
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jack Sobel
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Shali Mazaki-Tovi
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Juan Pedro Kusanovic
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Edi Vaisbuch
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sun Kwon Kim
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Niels Uldbjerg
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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BUCHANAN ROBERTL, HAVELAAR ARIEH, SMITH MARYALICE, WHITING RICHARDC, JULIEN ELIZABETH. The Key Events Dose-Response Framework: its potential for application to foodborne pathogenic microorganisms. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2009; 49:718-28. [PMID: 19690997 PMCID: PMC2840876 DOI: 10.1080/10408390903116764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Key Events Dose-Response Framework (KEDRF) is an analytical approach that facilitates the use of currently available data to gain insight regarding dose-response relationships. The use of the KEDRF also helps identify critical knowledge gaps that once filled, will reduce reliance on assumptions. The present study considers how the KEDRF might be applied to pathogenic microorganisms, using fetal listeriosis resulting from maternal ingestion of food contaminated with L. monocytogenes as an initial example. Major biological events along the pathway between food ingestion and the endpoint of concern are systematically considered with regard to dose (i.e., number of organisms), pathogen factors (e.g., virulence), and protective host mechanisms (e.g., immune response or other homeostatic mechanisms). It is concluded that the KEDRF provides a useful structure for systematically evaluating the complex array of host and pathogen factors that influence the dose-response relationship. In particular, the KEDRF supports efforts to specify and quantify the sources of variability, a prerequisite to strengthening the scientific basis for food safety decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- ROBERT L. BUCHANAN
- Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - ARIE H. HAVELAAR
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control Netherlands, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, and Division Veterinary Public Health, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - MARY ALICE SMITH
- Center for Food Safety and the Environmental Health Sciences Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - RICHARD C. WHITING
- Chemical Regulation and Food Safety Center, Exponent, Inc., Bowie, MD, USA
| | - ELIZABETH JULIEN
- International Life Sciences Institute Research Foundation, Washington, DC, USA
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Sörqvist S. Heat resistance in liquids of Enterococcus spp., Listeria spp., Escherichia coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. Acta Vet Scand 2003; 44:1-19. [PMID: 14650540 PMCID: PMC1831557 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-44-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2002] [Accepted: 10/28/2002] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the work was to collect, evaluate, summarize and compare heat resistance data reported for Campylobacter, Enterococcus, Escherichia, Listeria, Salmonella and Yersinia spp. The work was limited to resistance in liquids with pH values 6-8. Results obtained under similar experimental conditions were sought. Thermal destruction lines for the various bacterial groups studied were constructed using log10 D values and treatment temperatures. There was a good linear relationship between log10 D and temperature with Escherichia coli, listerias and salmonellas. For campylobacters, enterococci and yersinias the relationships were weaker but, nevertheless, present. Using the slopes of the lines and their 95% confidence limits, z values and their 95% confidence limits were calculated. z values were compared with z values obtained from reports. The equations for the lines were also used for calculation of predicted means of D values at various treatment temperatures. 95% confidence limits on predicted means of D values and on predicted individual D values were also calculated. Lines and values are shown in figures and tables. Differences in heat resistance noted between and within the bacterial groups studied are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sörqvist
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Unnerstad H, Romell A, Ericsson H, Danielsson-Tham ML, Tham W. Listeria monocytogenes in faeces from clinically healthy dairy cows in Sweden. Acta Vet Scand 2000; 41:167-71. [PMID: 10965567 PMCID: PMC7996438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Faecal samples from 102 clinically healthy dairy cows, representing 34 farms in the Swedish province of Uppsala, were analysed for the presence of Listeria spp. using an enrichment procedure. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from six (6%) and L. innocua from 2 (2%) cows. From each of the 6 samples positive for L. monocytogenes, 5 isolates were further characterised by restriction enzyme analysis using the 3 enzymes Apa I, Sma I, and Asc I, followed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Three of the L. monocytogenes positive cows lived at the same farm, and they all harboured the same clonal type. One of these 3 cows also harboured a further clonal type of L. monocytogenes. The fact that one of the cows harboured 2 different clonal types of L. monocytogenes is important from an epidemiological point of view when routes of infection are to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Unnerstad
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Abstract
Our studies are mainly focused on developing strategies of immune regulation. In the case of infectious and neoplastic disease, our approach is to upregulate cell-mediated immunity to viral of tumor antigens using an intracellular bacterium as a vector for targeting these antigens to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II pathways of antigen processing, in addition to exploiting the adjuvant properties of the vector to stimulate innate immunity. In the area of autoimmunity, we are attempting to downregulate the immune response by specific immune intervention directed against autoreactive T cells. In these studies we use murine models for multiple sclerosis. Our approach is to use both rationally designed T cell receptor (TCR) peptide analogs and recombinant viral vectors that express TCR components to regulate the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Paterson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.
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Loncarevic S, Milanovic A, Caklovica F, Tham W, Danielsson-Tham ML. Occurrence of Listeria species in an abattoir for cattle and pigs in Bosnia and Hercegovina. Acta Vet Scand 1994; 35:11-5. [PMID: 8209816 PMCID: PMC8101389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Altogether 496 samples of meat, lymph nodes, process water and swabs from different places in the abattoir were examined for the presence of Listeria spp. L. monocytogenes was isolated from 31 (6%) and other Listeria spp. from 65 (13%) samples L. monocytogenes was isolated from 2 of 10 beef meat samples, 4 of 50 pig meat samples and 1 of 21 lymph nodes of pigs. No Listeria bacteria were isolated from lymph nodes of cattle. The highest percentage of Listeria was recovered from the unclean sections (cattle 22% and pigs 27%) and the highest frequency was observed during the winter months.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Loncarevic
- Department of Food Hygiene, Veterinary Faculty, Sarajevo, Bosnia
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Koga Y, Hamada J, Takeichi N, Nakane A, Minagawa T, Kobayashi H. Activation of natural resistance against lung metastasis of an adenocarcinoma in T-cell depressed spontaneously hypertensive rats by infection with Listeria monocytogenes. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1985; 20:103-8. [PMID: 3876151 PMCID: PMC11038882 DOI: 10.1007/bf00205675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/1984] [Accepted: 04/24/1985] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We report here our study of the role of natural host defense mechanisms mediated by macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells in an experimental model of spontaneous pulmonary metastases of a mammary adenocarcinoma SST-2 in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with congenital T-cell depression. To activate macrophages and NK cells, Listeria monocytogenes (LM) was injected IV into SHR which had received a transplantation of SST-2. To assess the antimetastatic responses induced by LM, the number of lung nodules and the lung weight in SHR were evaluated 30 days after tumor inoculation. The growth of lung metastases, though not of primary tumors, was significantly reduced if 10(7) LM were injected IV into SHR 2, 10 and 20 days after the SC transplantation of 5 X 10(4) or 5 X 10(5) SST-2. An inhibitory effect of LM on pulmonary metastases was also observed in tumor-excised rats, in which the number of lung metastases and the lung weight were enhanced as compared with those in tumor-bearing rats which had not undergone surgery. Peritoneal resident cells which were harvested from rats injected with LM showed a significant augmentation of tumoricidal activity against SST-2 cells as measured by in vitro cytotoxicity. Similarly, the NK activity of spleen cells of SHR injected with LM increased significantly when compared with untreated SHR. These data suggest that the inhibition of metastatic growth, though not of primary tumor growth, was accomplished by the, possibly T-cell independent, activation of macrophages and NK cells.
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de Jong WH, Steerenberg PA, Kreeftenberg JG, Tiesjema RH, Kruizinga W, van Noorle Jansen LM, Ruitenberg EJ. Experimental screening of BCG preparations produced for cancer immunotherapy: safety and immunostimulating and antitumor activity of four consecutively produced batches. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1984; 17:18-27. [PMID: 6563941 PMCID: PMC11039122 DOI: 10.1007/bf00205492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/1983] [Accepted: 02/14/1984] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Four consecutively produced batches of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) especially intended to be used for cancer immunotherapy were investigated for consistency of the vaccine. Each batch was investigated directly after production of the vaccine, so that the four batches were not tested simultaneously. The activity of the four batches was investigated in general safety assays, immunostimulation assays, and two different tumor models. General safety assays showed dose-dependent growth retardation and increased serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase activity in mice, and a long-lasting temperature rise in rabbits after IV administration of the BCG preparations. In a skin reactivity assay, reactions were found acceptable for all preparations when compared with a reference batch. The results of the immunostimulation and antitumor studies can be summarized as follows. All four batches induced a specific delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to PPD, indicating the induction of cell-mediated immunity. A stimulating effect on lymphoreticular organs was concluded from increased spleen weight and enhanced cell proliferation in draining lymph nodes. Enhanced macrophage function (phagocytosis and killing of bacteria) was demonstrated by an increased resistance to Listeria monocytogenes. YAC lymphoma target cells were killed nonspecifically by BCG-activated peritoneal exudate cells (PEC), indicating the induction of natural killing activity by BCG. Intralesional injection of BCG induced tumor regression in the guinea pig line 10 hepatocellular carcinoma, followed by immunity to the line 10 tumor. In the murine 5D04 squamous cell carcinoma, BCG had no effect on the primary tumor. However, IV-injected BCG resulted in a decreased number of lung metastases. In general, the four consecutively produced batches showed similar safety and activity in the immunostimulation assays and antitumor activity. Since only minor differences between the batches were found, which can also be attributed to the variation in experimental conditions common to biological assays, it is concluded that the vaccine batches produced show an acceptable consistency.
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Løken T, Grønstøl H. Clinical investigations in a goat herd with outbreaks of listeriosis. Acta Vet Scand 1982; 23:380-91. [PMID: 7180783 PMCID: PMC8295760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of 50 nonpregnant dairy goats in a herd showed acute symptoms of disease for 1–2 days after a sudden change in weather conditions, feeding regime and management. In 17 of the does the condition progressed with symptoms of septicaemia with depression, fever, inappetence and hypogalactia for a period of up to 5 weeks. Only 1 of these 17 animals died. Three weeks after the first symptoms were seen, 7 other animals showed typical symptoms of listeric encephalitis. All but 1 recovered within 2 weeks. Treatment with penicillin seemed to have good effect against both these disease forms. The does with symptoms of septicaemia had significantly higher antibody titres against Listeria monocytogenes than the animals with encephalitis and the remainder.
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Løken T, Aspøy E, Grønstøl H. Listeria monocytogenes excretion and humoral immunity in goats in a herd with outbreaks of listeriosis and in a healthy herd. Acta Vet Scand 1982; 23:392-9. [PMID: 6817628 PMCID: PMC8295797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In a herd of 65 goats with outbreaks of listeriosis (Herd A) blood, faeces and milk were collected just after the outbreaks, about 1 month later and at delivery about 4 months thereafter. Faeces and milk were examined bacteriologically and blood and milk serologically for Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), and the results were compared with those of 2 similar samplings in a healthy herd (Herd B). In Herd A Lm was isolated from faeces in 5 of 14 septicaemic does and in 6 of 48 other animals on the first sampling, and in 4 and 1 animals respectively, on the subsequent 2 samplings. In milk Lm was demonstrated just after the outbreaks only, viz. in 3 of 12 septicaemic does and in 16 of the other 32 examined. Four does excreted Lm in both faeces and milk on this date. In Herd B Lm was demonstrated only at delivery, i.e. from 10 of 43 animals. Most of the isolates belonged to serotype 1. Reciprocal geometrical mean titres (GMT) of antibodies in sera from the septicaemic group decreased from 236 to 140 and 136 respectively on the subsequent samplings, whereas GMT of the encephalitic animals and of the remainder of Herd A increased from about 20 to about 100 at delivery. GMT of Herd B increased toward delivery from 23 to 39, with largest increase for the does. GMT in whey were ≤ 18 for all groups.
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Grønstøl H. Listeriosis in sheep. Experimental listeric infection in sheep treated with various immunosuppressiva. Acta Vet Scand 1980; 21:415-27. [PMID: 7446323 PMCID: PMC8317754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Four groups of lambs, about 6 months old, were given 4 different immunosuppressiva (prednisolone, cyclophosphamide, niridazole and gestagene hormones), 1 substance to each group. After this treatment the 4 groups together with a 5th group of the same size, were infected with Listeria monocytogenes (Lm). None of the animals developed clinical listeric encephalitis. The level of antibodies differed between the groups. The group not given any immun osuppressivum reached the highest antibody titres, the group given gestagene hormones had the lowest titres and the other groups ranged somewhere inbetween. All the groups except the group treated with niridazole had a strong delayed hypersensitivity reaction against Lm. The effects of the treatment upon some blood components are also described. Further studies are necessary to establish the effect of various immunosuppressiva, especially gestagene hormones.
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Grønstøl H. Listeriosis in sheep. Isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from organs of slaughtered animals and dead animals submitted for post-mortem examination. Acta Vet Scand 1980; 21:11-7. [PMID: 6770617 PMCID: PMC8317727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The udders from 13 culled ewes and liver, spleen, kidney, lung and brain from 15 lambs, 11 months old, were examined for the presence of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) at slaughter. Lm was isolated from 1 of 13 udders, from 6 of the 15 brains and from 0–4 of the other organs from each of the 15 lambs. Internal organs from 68 sheep submitted for post-mortem examination were examined in the same way. Lm was isolated from 25 of these animals. Lm was isolated from the brain of 7 of 9 animals with encephalitis, and from 0–3 of the other 4 organs examined. Lm was also isolated from 10–20 % of the organs from animals with other diagnoses. Altogether 9 of 10 animals with encephalitis and 16 of 58 with other diagnoses (28 %) were found to harbour this organism.
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Grønstøl H, Overås J. Listeriosis in sheep. Eperythrozoon ovis infection used as a model to study predisposing factors. Acta Vet Scand 1980; 21:523-32. [PMID: 7223578 PMCID: PMC8317762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Three groups of 9 months old lambs, each group consisting of 5 animals, were infected experimentally with Eperythrozoon ovis (Eo), Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) and Eo/Lm, respectively. The animals infected with Eo developed haemolytic anaemia, but otherwise no clinical symptoms were seen. The animals infected with Lm had a period with fever and reduced appetite after infection. These symptoms lasted longer and were more pronounced in the group with the dual infection (Eo/Lm). None of the lambs developed clinical meningo-encephalitis during the experiment. Group Lm developed the highest reciprocal geometrical mean titres against Lm. No titer rise was found in group Eo, while group Eo/Lm had a slight rise towards the end of the experiment. Group Eo/Lm also had the strongest delayed hypersensitivity reaction against Lm. After Eo infection, a fall in packed cell volume, haemoglobin, number of red cells, and plasma glucose and an increase in serum iron were recorded. Serum iron dropped and serum copper increased after infection with Lm. In this experiment the blood changes induced by Eo, i.e. haemolytic anaemia and acidosis, led to a prolonged state of illness in animals infected with Lm, in addition to inhibited development of antibody titres, but not to clinical meningoencephalitis.
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