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Valdez RM, Rivera BN, Chang Y, Pennington JM, Fischer KA, Löhr CV, Tilton SC. Assessing susceptibility for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon toxicity in an in vitro 3D respiratory model for asthma. Front Toxicol 2024; 6:1287863. [PMID: 38706568 PMCID: PMC11066177 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2024.1287863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
There is increased emphasis on understanding cumulative risk from the combined effects of chemical and non-chemical stressors as it relates to public health. Recent animal studies have identified pulmonary inflammation as a possible modifier and risk factor for chemical toxicity in the lung after exposure to inhaled pollutants; however, little is known about specific interactions and potential mechanisms of action. In this study, primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) cultured in 3D at the air-liquid interface (ALI) are utilized as a physiologically relevant model to evaluate the effects of inflammation on toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a class of contaminants generated from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. Normal HBEC were differentiated in the presence of IL-13 for 14 days to induce a profibrotic phenotype similar to asthma. Fully differentiated normal and IL-13 phenotype HBEC were treated with benzo[a]pyrene (BAP; 1-40 μg/mL) or 1% DMSO/PBS vehicle at the ALI for 48 h. Cells were evaluated for cytotoxicity, barrier integrity, and transcriptional biomarkers of chemical metabolism and inflammation by quantitative PCR. Cells with the IL-13 phenotype treated with BAP result in significantly (p < 0.05) decreased barrier integrity, less than 50% compared to normal cells. The effect of BAP in the IL-13 phenotype was more apparent when evaluating transcriptional biomarkers of barrier integrity in addition to markers of mucus production, goblet cell hyperplasia, type 2 asthmatic inflammation and chemical metabolism, which all resulted in dose-dependent changes (p < 0.05) in the presence of BAP. Additionally, RNA sequencing data showed that the HBEC with the IL-13 phenotype may have increased potential for uncontrolled proliferation and decreased capacity for immune response after BAP exposure compared to normal phenotype HBEC. These data are the first to evaluate the role of combined environmental factors associated with inflammation from pre-existing disease and PAH exposure on pulmonary toxicity in a physiologically relevant human in vitro model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reese M. Valdez
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Brianna N. Rivera
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Yvonne Chang
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Jamie M. Pennington
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Kay A. Fischer
- Oregon Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Christiane V. Löhr
- Oregon Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Susan C. Tilton
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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Colvin VC, Bramer LM, Rivera BN, Pennington JM, Waters KM, Tilton SC. Modeling PAH Mixture Interactions in a Human In Vitro Organotypic Respiratory Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4326. [PMID: 38673911 PMCID: PMC11050152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the most significant challenges in human health risk assessment is to evaluate hazards from exposure to environmental chemical mixtures. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of ubiquitous contaminants typically found as mixtures in gaseous and particulate phases in ambient air pollution associated with petrochemicals from Superfund sites and the burning of fossil fuels. However, little is understood about how PAHs in mixtures contribute to toxicity in lung cells. To investigate mixture interactions and component additivity from environmentally relevant PAHs, two synthetic mixtures were created from PAHs identified in passive air samplers at a legacy creosote site impacted by wildfires. The primary human bronchial epithelial cells differentiated at the air-liquid interface were treated with PAH mixtures at environmentally relevant proportions and evaluated for the differential expression of transcriptional biomarkers related to xenobiotic metabolism, oxidative stress response, barrier integrity, and DNA damage response. Component additivity was evaluated across all endpoints using two independent action (IA) models with and without the scaling of components by toxic equivalence factors. Both IA models exhibited trends that were unlike the observed mixture response and generally underestimated the toxicity across dose suggesting the potential for non-additive interactions of components. Overall, this study provides an example of the usefulness of mixture toxicity assessment with the currently available methods while demonstrating the need for more complex yet interpretable mixture response evaluation methods for environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria C. Colvin
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- OSU/PNNL Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Lisa M. Bramer
- OSU/PNNL Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Brianna N. Rivera
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- OSU/PNNL Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Jamie M. Pennington
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Katrina M. Waters
- OSU/PNNL Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Susan C. Tilton
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- OSU/PNNL Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Wang L, Wen W, Yan J, Zhang R, Li C, Jiang H, Chen S, Pardo M, Zhu K, Jia B, Zhang W, Bai Z, Shi L, Cheng Y, Rudich Y, Morawska L, Chen J. Influence of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds and Oxidation States of Soot Organics on the Metabolome of Human- Lung Cells (A549): Implications for Vehicle Fuel Selection. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:21593-21604. [PMID: 37955649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Decades of research have established the toxicity of soot particles resulting from incomplete combustion. However, the unique chemical compounds responsible for adverse health effects have remained uncertain. This study utilized mass spectrometry to analyze the chemical composition of extracted soot organics at three oxidation states, aiming to establish quantitative relationships between potentially toxic chemicals and their impact on human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549) through metabolomics-based evaluations. Targeted analysis using MS/MS indicated that particles with a medium oxidation state contained the highest total abundance of compounds, particularly oxygen-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) composed of fused benzene rings and unsaturated carbonyls, which may cause oxidative stress, characterized by the upregulation of three specific metabolites. Further investigation focused on three specific OPAH standards: 1,4-naphthoquinone, 9-fluorenone, and anthranone. Pathway analysis indicated that exposure to these compounds affected transcriptional functions, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, cell proliferation, and the oxidative stress response. Biodiesel combustion emissions had higher concentrations of PAHs, OPAHs, and nitrogen-containing PAHs (NPAHs) compared with other fuels. Quinones and 9,10-anthraquinone were identified as the dominant compounds within the OPAH category. This knowledge enhances our understanding of the compounds contributing to adverse health effects observed in epidemiological studies and highlights the role of aerosol composition in toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wen Wen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jiaqian Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Runqi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Hongxing Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shaofeng Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Michal Pardo
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ke Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Boyue Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhe Bai
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Longbo Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yingjun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Lidia Morawska
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health (ILAQH), School of Earth of Atmospheric Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
- IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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Pyambri M, Lacorte S, Jaumot J, Bedia C. Effects of Indoor Dust Exposure on Lung Cells: Association of Chemical Composition with Phenotypic and Lipid Changes in a 3D Lung Cancer Cell Model. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:20532-20541. [PMID: 38035630 PMCID: PMC10720387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Indoor dust is a key contributor to the global human exposome in urban areas since the population develops most of its activities in private and public buildings. To gain insight into the health risks associated with this chronic exposure, it is necessary to characterize the chemical composition of dust and understand its biological impacts using reliable physiological models. The present study investigated the biological effects of chemically characterized indoor dust extracts using three-dimensional (3D) lung cancer cell cultures combining phenotypic and lipidomic analyses. Apart from the assessment of cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction, and interleukin-8 release, lipidomics was applied to capture the main lipid changes induced as a cellular response to the extracted dust compounds. The application of chemometric tools enabled the finding of associations between chemical compounds present in dust and lipidic and phenotypic profiles in the cells. This study contributes to a better understanding of the toxicity mechanisms associated with exposure to chemical pollutants present in indoor dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Pyambri
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Lacorte
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Jaumot
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Bedia
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Cai J, Ma W, Wang X, Chang H, Wei Z, Li J, Zeng M. The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 induces inflammation and EMT of lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts through the upregulation of GADD45A. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230779. [PMID: 38025528 PMCID: PMC10656760 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts poorly express angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, and the study aimed to investigate the role of the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on inflammation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in two lung cell lines and to understand the potential mechanism. Lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and fibroblasts (MRC-5) were treated with the spike protein, then inflammatory and EMT phenotypes were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Transwell, and western blot assays. RNA-sequence and bioinformatic analyses were performed to identify dysregulated genes. The roles of the candidate genes were further investigated. The results showed that treatment with 1,000 ng/mL of spike protein in two lung cell lines caused increased levels of IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL1, and CXCL3, and the occurrence of EMT. RNA-sequence identified 4,238 dysregulated genes in the spike group, and 18 candidate genes were involved in both inflammation- and EMT-related processes. GADD45A had the highest verified fold change (abs), and overexpression of GADD45A promoted the secretion of cytokines and EMT in the two lung cell lines. In conclusion, the spike protein induces inflammation and EMT in lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts by upregulating GADD45A, providing a new target to inhibit inflammation and EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehao Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai201102, China
| | - Wenjie Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai201102, China
| | - Xiangshi Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai201102, China
| | - Hailing Chang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai201102, China
| | - Zhongqiu Wei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai201102, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai201102, China
| | - Mei Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai201102, China
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Pu Z, Yang Y, Qin S, Li X, Cui C, Chen W. The Effect of Liraglutide on Lung Cancer and Its Potential Protective Effect on High Glucose-Induced Lung Senescence and Oxidative Damage. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2023; 28:259. [PMID: 37919054 DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2810259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is a malignant disease with high morbidity and mortality. Lung cancer and diabetes are closely related, and diabetic patients with lung tumors are common in clinical practice. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist, is commonly used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In this study, we examined the effect of liraglutide on lung cancer and its potential protective effect on high glucose-induced lung aging. METHODS Indirect mmunofluorescence was done to assess the expression levels of p-AKT, ki67, Caspase3, Bax and PI3K. Western blotting was conducted to determine the expression levels of BAX, BCL2, Caspase9, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, PI3K, AKT and vimentin. Cell viability, cell cycle and cell apoptosis were evaluated by colony formation, CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression of Nf-κb, p15, p16, p21 and SMA in vivo. Besides, a high glucose-induced lung cell injury model was established to evaluate the effect of liraglutide on lung aging and oxidative damage. Sa-β-gal staining was used to assess cellular/ tissue senescence. Cell senescence-related markers (p16, p21 and p53 ) were determined by Western-blot analysis. RESULTS The proliferation, cell cycle, migration of lung cancer cells were significantly inhibited after treatment with liraglutide compared to control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Liraglutide inhibited the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process of lung cancer cell compared to control group (p < 0.05). Liraglutide also suppressed the proliferation of lung cancer in vivo. Besides, the BEAS-2B cell senescence induced by high glucose was significantly alleviated after treatment with liraglutide compared with control group (p < 0.05). The lung aging and endoplasmic reticulum stress was significantly suppressed after liraglutide treatment. CONCLUSIONS This work indicates that liraglutide could inhibit lung cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. In addition, liraglutide exhibited anti-aging effects in vivo and in vivo. The current work has important implications for the treatment of patients with diabetes and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Pu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Northwest Minzu University, 730000 Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yanxia Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Northwest Minzu University, 730000 Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shuanghong Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Northwest Minzu University, 730000 Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Northwest Minzu University, 730000 Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Can Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150086 Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Weiyu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Northwest Minzu University, 730000 Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Liu YY, Liu J, Wu H, Zhang Q, Tang XR, Li D, Li CS, Liu Y, Cao A, Wang H. Endocytosis, Distribution, and Exocytosis of Polystyrene Nanoparticles in Human Lung Cells. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 13:nano13010084. [PMID: 36615994 PMCID: PMC9824409 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics, one component of plastic pollution, can enter human bodies via inhalation and thus threaten human health. However, the knowledge about the uptake and exocytosis of nanoplastics in cells of human lung organs is still very limited. Herein, we investigated the endocytosis, distribution, and exocytosis of polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs) of 50 nm (G50PS) and 100 nm (R100PS) in A549 cells and BEAS-2B cells. We found that both the cellular uptake of PS NPs increased positively with exposure time and dose, and A549 cells ingested more PS NPs than BEAS-2B cells did. In addition, the intracellular content of G50PS was higher than that of R100PS except at a higher dose and longer time. The ingested PS NPs were distributed mainly in lysosomes, while many G50PS appeared around the cell membrane, and R100PS also accumulated in mitochondria in BEAS-2B cells. As for the exocytosis, R100PS was more difficult to excrete than G50PS. Lysosomes in A549 cells and actin and microtubule in BEAS-2B cells were involved in the exocytosis of the PS NPs. These findings provide detailed information about the translocation of nanoplastics in lung cells, which is valuable for the safety assessment of nanoplastics in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xue-Rui Tang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Dan Li
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chen-Si Li
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yuanfang Liu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Aoneng Cao
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Haifang Wang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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Wasnis NZ, Ilyas S, Hutahaean S, Silaban R, Situmorang PC. Analysis of Apoptotic Cells and Lung Inflammation after Given by Vitis gracilis. Pak J Biol Sci 2022; 25:1033-1039. [PMID: 36591935 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2022.1033.1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Herbs have the potential to be used in molecular therapy to treat inflammation and apoptosis. It has been demonstrated that the Indonesian native <i>Vitris gracilis</i> inhibits cytochrome c as a precursor to apoptosis. When body tissues are injured, infected with bacteria, exposed to toxins or exposed to heat that causes cell death, inflammation occurs. The current study aimed to look for the effect of <i>Vitis gracilis</i> extract in the lung histology of mice. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Five treatment groups were used for the experiments, which were conducted inside the study. The T1 is the negative control, T2 is swimming mice with 0.2 mg kg<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> b.wt., of vitamin C, T3 is swimming mice with 50 mg kg<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> b.wt., of <i>Vitis gracilis</i>, T4 is swimming mice with 75 mg kg<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> b.wt., of <i>Vitis gracilis</i> and T5 is swimming mice with 100 mg kg<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> b.wt., of <i>Vitis gracilis</i>. The dislocation procedure was used to dissect mice, ketamine was administered before dissection and the lungs were removed for TUNEL assay examination. <b>Results:</b> There were no significant differences in inflammatory cells or index-positive apoptotic cells between the T1, T2 and T5 groups (p>0.05). The T3 group had the highest value, while the T1 group had the lowest. The highest dose of <i>Vitis gracilis</i> reduced lung cell inflammation while also improving histological structure, resulting in intact, nucleated and complete alveolar membranes with proportional endothelial cells. <b>Conclusion:</b> <i>Vitis gracilis</i> 100 mg kg<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> b.wt., can repair and reduce inflammation in lung tissue. As a result, the higher the dose of <i>Vitis gracilis</i>, the less cell apoptosis occurs in the lungs.
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Laurent A, Abdel-Sayed P, Hirt-Burri N, Scaletta C, Michetti M, de Buys Roessingh A, Raffoul W, Applegate LA. Evolution of Diploid Progenitor Lung Cell Applications: From Optimized Biotechnological Substrates to Potential Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Respiratory Tract Regenerative Medicine. Cells 2021; 10:2526. [PMID: 34685505 PMCID: PMC8533713 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review is to describe the evolution of lung tissue-derived diploid progenitor cell applications, ranging from historical biotechnological substrate functions for vaccine production and testing to current investigations around potential therapeutic use in respiratory tract regenerative medicine. Such cell types (e.g., MRC-5 or WI-38 sources) were extensively studied since the 1960s and have been continuously used over five decades as safe and sustainable industrial vaccine substrates. Recent research and development efforts around diploid progenitor lung cells (e.g., FE002-Lu or Walvax-2 sources) consist in qualification for potential use as optimal and renewed vaccine production substrates and, alternatively, for potential therapeutic applications in respiratory tract regenerative medicine. Potentially effective, safe, and sustainable cell therapy approaches for the management of inflammatory lung diseases or affections and related symptoms (e.g., COVID-19 patients and burn patient severe inhalation syndrome) using local homologous allogeneic cell-based or cell-derived product administrations are considered. Overall, lung tissue-derived progenitor cells isolated and produced under good manufacturing practices (GMP) may be used with high versatility. They can either act as key industrial platforms optimally conforming to specific pharmacopoeial requirements or as active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) for potentially effective promotion of lung tissue repair or regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Laurent
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Épalinges, Switzerland; (A.L.); (P.A.-S.); (N.H.-B.); (C.S.); (M.M.)
- TEC-PHARMA SA, Manufacturing Department, CH-1038 Bercher, Switzerland
- LAM Biotechnologies SA, Manufacturing Department, CH-1066 Épalinges, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Abdel-Sayed
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Épalinges, Switzerland; (A.L.); (P.A.-S.); (N.H.-B.); (C.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Nathalie Hirt-Burri
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Épalinges, Switzerland; (A.L.); (P.A.-S.); (N.H.-B.); (C.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Corinne Scaletta
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Épalinges, Switzerland; (A.L.); (P.A.-S.); (N.H.-B.); (C.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Murielle Michetti
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Épalinges, Switzerland; (A.L.); (P.A.-S.); (N.H.-B.); (C.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Anthony de Buys Roessingh
- Children and Adolescent Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Romand Burn Center, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Wassim Raffoul
- Romand Burn Center, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lee Ann Applegate
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Épalinges, Switzerland; (A.L.); (P.A.-S.); (N.H.-B.); (C.S.); (M.M.)
- Romand Burn Center, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Oxford OSCAR Suzhou Center, Oxford University, Suzhou 215123, China
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10
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Chu N, Zhang X, Chen S, Zhen Q, Wang Y. [Luteolin has a significant protective effect against cadmium-induced injury in lung epithelial Beas-2B cells]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2021; 41:729-735. [PMID: 34134961 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.05.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of luteolin against cadmium (Cd)-induced injury in human lung epithelial Beas-2B cells. OBJECTIVE Beas-2B cells were treated with different concentrations of luteolin (0-160 μmol/L) or Cd (0-40 μmol/L) for 24 h, and the cell viability was examined using MTT assay. After treatment with luteolin (0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 μmol/L) with or without Cd (5 μmol/L) for 24 h, the cells were examined for viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and morphological changes of the cell nuclei using Hoechst fluorescent staining. The levels of ROS, SOD, GSH and MDA in the treated cells were detected, and the expression levels of Akt, p-Akt and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) proteins were determined using Western blotting. OBJECTIVE Luteolin within the concentration range of 0-80 μmol/L did not significantly affect the survival rate of Beas-2B cells (P>0.05), but Cd at 5 μmol/L significantly decreased the cell viability (P < 0.05) with an IC50 of 24.6 μmol/L. In Cd-treated cells, treatment with luteolin significantly mitigated the decrease of cell viability, reduced LDH release and cell apoptosis, enhanced SOD activity and GSH content, and inhibited the production of MDA and ROS (all P < 0.05). Luteolin also significantly up-regulated the expression levels of p-Akt and Nrf2 protein in Cd-treated Beas-2B cells (P < 0.05). OBJECTIVE Luteolin has a significant protective effect against Cd-induced injury in Beas-2B cells, and the effects are probably mediated, at least in part, by promoting the activation of Akt and Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chu
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - X Zhang
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - S Chen
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - Q Zhen
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - Y Wang
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
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11
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Mukherjee SP, Gupta G, Klöditz K, Wang J, Rodrigues AF, Kostarelos K, Fadeel B. Next-Generation Sequencing Reveals Differential Responses to Acute versus Long-Term Exposures to Graphene Oxide in Human Lung Cells. Small 2020; 16:e1907686. [PMID: 32227449 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201907686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have addressed the biological impact of graphene-based materials including graphene oxide (GO), yet few have focused on long-term effects. Here, RNA sequencing is utilized to unearth responses of human lung cells to GO. To this end, the BEAS-2B cell line derived from normal human bronchial epithelium is subjected to repeated, low-dose exposures of GO (1 or 5 µg mL-1 ) for 28 days or to the equivalent, cumulative amount of GO for 48 h. Then, samples are analyzed by using the NovaSeq 6000 sequencing system followed by pathway analysis and gene ontology enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes. Significant differences are seen between the low-dose, long-term exposures and the high-dose, short-term exposures. Hence, exposure to GO for 48 h results in mitochondrial dysfunction. In contrast, exposure to GO for 28 days is characterized by engagement of apoptosis pathways with downregulation of genes belonging to the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family. Validation experiments confirm that long-term exposure to GO affects the apoptosis threshold in lung cells, accompanied by a loss of IAPs. These studies reveal the sensitivity of RNA-sequencing approaches and show that acute exposure to GO is not a good predictor of the long-term effects of GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav P Mukherjee
- Nanosafety and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Govind Gupta
- Nanosafety and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Katharina Klöditz
- Nanosafety and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Jun Wang
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Artur Filipe Rodrigues
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Medical and Human Sciences, and National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Medical and Human Sciences, and National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Nanosafety and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
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12
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Hoffman CL, Lalsiamthara J, Aballay A. Host Mucin Is Exploited by Pseudomonas aeruginosa To Provide Monosaccharides Required for a Successful Infection. mBio 2020; 11:e00060-20. [PMID: 32127446 DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00060-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the primary functions of the mucosal barrier, found lining epithelial cells, is to serve as a first-line of defense against microbial pathogens. The major structural components of mucus are heavily glycosylated proteins called mucins. Mucins are key components of the innate immune system as they aid in the clearance of pathogens and can decrease pathogen virulence. It has also been recently reported that individual mucins and derived glycans can attenuate the virulence of the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa Here, we show data indicating that mucins not only play a role in host defense but that they can also be subverted by P. aeruginosa to cause disease. We found that the mucin MUL-1 and mucin-derived monosaccharides N-acetyl-galactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine are required for P. aeruginosa killing of Caenorhabditis elegans We also found that the defective adhesion of P. aeruginosa to human lung alveolar epithelial cells, deficient in the mucin MUC1, can be reversed by the addition of individual monosaccharides. The monosaccharides identified in this study are found in a wide range of organisms where they act as host factors required for bacterial pathogenesis. While mucins in C. elegans lack sialic acid caps, which makes their monosaccharides readily available, they are capped in other species. Pathogens such as P. aeruginosa that lack sialidases may rely on enzymes from other bacteria to utilize mucin-derived monosaccharides.IMPORTANCE One of the first lines of defense present at mucosal epithelial tissues is mucus, which is a highly viscous material formed by mucin glycoproteins. Mucins serve various functions, but importantly they aid in the clearance of pathogens and debris from epithelial barriers and serve as innate immune factors. In this study, we describe a requirement of host monosaccharides, likely derived from host mucins, for the ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to colonize the intestine and ultimately cause death in Caenorhabditis elegans We also demonstrate that monosaccharides alter the ability of bacteria to bind to both Caenorhabditis elegans intestinal cells and human lung alveolar epithelial cells, suggesting that there are conserved mechanisms underlying host-pathogen interactions in a range of organisms. By gaining a better understanding of pathogen-mucin interactions, we can develop better approaches to protect against pathogen infection.
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Xi WS, Tang H, Liu YY, Liu CY, Gao Y, Cao A, Liu Y, Chen Z, Wang H. Cytotoxicity of vanadium oxide nanoparticles and titanium dioxide-coated vanadium oxide nanoparticles to human lung cells. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 40:567-577. [PMID: 31869448 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to excellent metal-insulator transition property, vanadium dioxide nanoparticles (VO2 NPs)-based nanomaterials are extensively studied and applied in various fields, and thus draw safety concerns of VO2 NPs exposure through various routes. Herein, the cytotoxicity of VO2 NPs (N-VO2 ) and titanium dioxide-coated VO2 NPs (T-VO2 ) to typical human lung cell lines (A549 and BEAS-2B) was studied by using a series of biological assays. It was found that both VO2 NPs induced a dose-dependent cytotoxicity, and the two cell lines displayed similar sensitivity to VO2 NPs. Under the same conditions, T-VO2 NPs showed slightly lower cytotoxicity than N-VO2 in both cells, indicating the surface coating of titanium dioxide mitigated the toxicity of VO2 NPs. Titanium dioxide coating changed the surface property of VO2 NPs and reduced the vanadium release of particles, and thus helped lowing the toxicity of VO2 NPs. The induced cell viability loss was attributed to apoptosis and proliferation inhibition, which were supported by the assays of apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane damage, caspase-3 level, and cell cycle arrest. The oxidative stress, i.e., enhanced reactive oxygen species generation and suppressed reduced glutathione , in A549 and BEAS-2B cells was one of the major mechanisms of the cytotoxicity of VO2 NPs. These findings provide safety guidance for the practical applications of vanadium dioxide-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Song Xi
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Tang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Yuan Liu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfeng Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aoneng Cao
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanfang Liu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifang Wang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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Azari MR, Mohammadian Y, Peirovi H, Omidi M, Khodagholi F, Pourahmad J, Mehrabi Y, Rafieepour A. Antagonistic effect of co-exposure to short-multiwalled carbon nanotubes and benzo[a]pyrene in human lung cells (A549). Toxicol Ind Health 2019; 35:445-456. [PMID: 31244407 DOI: 10.1177/0748233719854570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In theenvironment, co-exposure to short-multiwalled carbon nanotubes (S-MWCNTs) and polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs) has been reported. In the co-exposure condition, the adsorption of PAHs onto MWCNTs may reduce PAHs toxic effect. The objective of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity of S-MWCNTs and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) individually, and in combination in human lung cell lines (A549). The adsorption of B[a]P onto MWCNTs was measured spectrometrically. In vitro toxicity was assessed through cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) generation experiments. The S-MWCNTs demonstrated cytotoxicity through the generation of ROS, apoptosis, and 8-OHdG in A549 cells. Co-exposure to S-MWCNTs and B[a]P demonstrated a significant reduction in ROS generation and apoptosis compared with the sum of their separate toxic effects at the same concentrations. Decreasing the bioavailability of B[a]P by MWCNT interaction is the probable reason for the antagonistic effects of the co-exposure condition. The findings of this study will contribute to a better understanding of the health effects of co-exposures to air pollutants and could be a starting point for modifying future health risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Rezazadeh Azari
- 1 School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Mohammadian
- 2 Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Habibollah Peirovi
- 3 Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meisam Omidi
- 4 Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- 5 Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Pourahmad
- 6 Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yadollah Mehrabi
- 1 School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Athena Rafieepour
- 1 School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Øya E, Becher R, Ekeren L, Afanou AKJ, Øvrevik J, Holme JA. Pro-Inflammatory Responses in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Induced by Spores and Hyphal Fragments of Common Damp Indoor Molds. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16061085. [PMID: 30917597 PMCID: PMC6466608 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16061085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Damp indoor environments contaminated with different mold species may contribute to the development and exacerbation of respiratory illnesses. Human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells were exposed to X-ray treated spores and hyphal fragments from pure cultures of Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillum chrysogenum, Aspergillus versicolor and Stachybotrys chartarum. Hyphal fragments of A. fumigatus and P. chrysogenum induced expression and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 and the chemokine IL-8, while none of the other hyphal preparations had effects. Hyphal fragments from A. fumigatus and P. chrysogenum also increased the expression of IL-1α, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, but these cytokines were not released. X-ray treated spores had little or no inflammatory potential. Attenuating Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 by blocking antibodies strongly reduced the A. fumigatus and P. chrysogenum hyphae-induced IL-6 and IL-8 release, whereas TLR4 antagonist treatment was without effects. Untreated A. fumigatus spores formed hyphae and triggered expression of pro-inflammatory genes with similarities to the effects of hyphal fragments. In conclusion, while X-ray treated spores induced no pro-inflammatory responses, hyphal fragments of A. fumigatus and P. chrysogenum enhanced a TLR2-dependent expression and release of IL-6 and IL-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Øya
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Infection Control and Environment and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Rune Becher
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Infection Control and Environment and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Leni Ekeren
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Infection Control and Environment and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Anani K J Afanou
- Department for the Chemical and Biological Work Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Infection Control and Environment and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, N-0315 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jørn A Holme
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Infection Control and Environment and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
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16
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Aor AC, Mello TP, Sangenito LS, Fonseca BB, Rozental S, Lione VF, Veiga VF, Branquinha MH, Santos ALS. Ultrastructural viewpoints on the interaction events of Scedosporium apiospermum conidia with lung and macrophage cells. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2018; 113:e180311. [PMID: 30304087 PMCID: PMC6174640 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760180311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scedosporium apiospermum is a ubiquitous, emerging and multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen with still rather unknown virulence mechanisms. OBJECTIVES/METHODS The cellular basis of the in vitro interaction between fungi and host cells/tissues is the determinant factor for the development of a successful in vivo infection. Herein, we evaluated the interaction of S. apiospermum conidia with lung epithelial (A549), lung fibroblast (MRC-5) and RAW 264.7 macrophages by light and scanning/transmission electron microscopy. FINDINGS After 4 h of fungi-host cell contact, the percentage of infected mammalian cells and the number of fungi per infected cell was measured by light microscopy, and the following association indexes were calculated for A549, MRC-5 and macrophage cells: 73.2 ± 25.9, 69.7 ± 22.5 and 59.7 ± 11.1, respectively. Both conidia and germinated conidia were regularly observed interacting with the evaluated cells, with a higher prevalence of non-germinated conidia. Interestingly, nests of germinated conidia were evidenced at the surface of lung cells by scanning electron microscopy. Some germination projections and hyphae were seen penetrating/evading the mammalian cells. Furthermore, internalised conidia were seen within vacuoles as visualised by transmission electron microscopy. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The present study contributes to a better understanding of S. apiospermum pathogenesis by demonstrating the first steps of the infection process of this opportunistic fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Aor
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Thaís P Mello
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Leandro S Sangenito
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Beatriz B Fonseca
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Biologia Celular de Fungos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Sonia Rozental
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Biologia Celular de Fungos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Viviane F Lione
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Bioensaios Farmacêuticos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Venício F Veiga
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Setor de Microscopia Eletrônica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Marta H Branquinha
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - André LS Santos
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Happle C, Meyer-Decking L, Dreier A, Wetzke M, Gläsener S, Grychtol R, Braubach P, Jablonka A, Haid S, Jirmo AC, Habener A, Skuljec J, Hansen G. Improved protocol for simultaneous analysis of leukocyte subsets and epithelial cells from murine and human lung. Exp Lung Res 2018; 44:127-136. [PMID: 29677457 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2018.1432721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study and isolate lung cells by flow cytometry, enzymatic digestion and generation of single cell suspensions is required. This significantly influences expression of cellular epitopes and protocols need to be adapted for the best isolation and subsequent analysis of specific cellular subsets. MATERIALS AND METHODS We optimized protocols for the simultaneous isolation and characterization of specific human and murine lung cell types. For alveolar epithelial cells (AEC), a primarily dispase based digestion method and for leukocytes, a primarily collagenase based technique was adapted. Protocols were applied in parallel in either single experimental mice or human lung specimens. RESULTS Optimized dispase/DNase digestion yielded a high percentage of Epcam+CD45-CD31- AEC as assessed by flow cytometry. Epcam+CD45-CD3-CD11b-CD11c-CD16/32-CD19-CD31-F4/80- AEC were readily sortable with high purity and typical morphology and function upon in vitro stimulation with lipopolysaccharide or respiratory-syncytial-virus (RSV) infection. To analyze lung leukocytes, specimens were digested with an adapted collagenase/DNase protocol yielding high percentages of viable leukocytes with typical morphology, function, and preserved subset specific leukocyte markers. Both protocols could be applied simultaneously in a single experimental mouse post mortem. Application of both digestion methods in primary human lung specimens yielded similar results with high proportions of Epcam+CD45- human AEC after dispase/DNase digestion and preservation of human T cell epitopes after collagenase/DNase digestion. CONCLUSION The here described protocols were optimized for the simple and efficient isolation of murine and human lung cells. In contrast to previously described techniques, they permit simultaneous in-depth characterization of pulmonary epithelial cells and leukocyte subsets such as T helper, cytotoxic T, and B cells from one sample. As such, they may help to comprehensively and sustainably characterize murine and human lung specimens and facilitate studies on the role of lung immune cells in different respiratory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Happle
- a Department of Pediatrics, Allergology, and Neonatology , Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany.,b German Center for Lung Research , Biomedical Research in End Stage and Obstructive Lung Disease/ BREATH Hannover , Germany
| | - Lena Meyer-Decking
- a Department of Pediatrics, Allergology, and Neonatology , Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Anika Dreier
- a Department of Pediatrics, Allergology, and Neonatology , Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany.,b German Center for Lung Research , Biomedical Research in End Stage and Obstructive Lung Disease/ BREATH Hannover , Germany
| | - Martin Wetzke
- a Department of Pediatrics, Allergology, and Neonatology , Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Stephanie Gläsener
- b German Center for Lung Research , Biomedical Research in End Stage and Obstructive Lung Disease/ BREATH Hannover , Germany
| | - Ruth Grychtol
- a Department of Pediatrics, Allergology, and Neonatology , Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany.,b German Center for Lung Research , Biomedical Research in End Stage and Obstructive Lung Disease/ BREATH Hannover , Germany
| | - Peter Braubach
- b German Center for Lung Research , Biomedical Research in End Stage and Obstructive Lung Disease/ BREATH Hannover , Germany.,c Department of Pathology , Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Alexandra Jablonka
- d Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology , Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany.,e German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) , Standort Hannover-Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Sibylle Haid
- f Experimental Virology and TWINCORE , a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Hannover , Germany
| | - Adan Chari Jirmo
- a Department of Pediatrics, Allergology, and Neonatology , Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany.,b German Center for Lung Research , Biomedical Research in End Stage and Obstructive Lung Disease/ BREATH Hannover , Germany
| | - Anika Habener
- a Department of Pediatrics, Allergology, and Neonatology , Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany.,b German Center for Lung Research , Biomedical Research in End Stage and Obstructive Lung Disease/ BREATH Hannover , Germany
| | - Jelena Skuljec
- a Department of Pediatrics, Allergology, and Neonatology , Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Gesine Hansen
- a Department of Pediatrics, Allergology, and Neonatology , Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany.,b German Center for Lung Research , Biomedical Research in End Stage and Obstructive Lung Disease/ BREATH Hannover , Germany
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Åkerlund E, Cappellini F, Di Bucchianico S, Islam S, Skoglund S, Derr R, Odnevall Wallinder I, Hendriks G, Karlsson HL, Johnson G. Genotoxic and mutagenic properties of Ni and NiO nanoparticles investigated by comet assay, γ-H2AX staining, Hprt mutation assay and ToxTracker reporter cell lines. Environ Mol Mutagen 2018; 59:211-222. [PMID: 29243303 PMCID: PMC5888189 DOI: 10.1002/em.22163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) compounds are classified as carcinogenic to humans but the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Furthermore, effects related to nanoparticles (NPs) of Ni have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate genotoxicity and mutagenicity of Ni and NiO NPs and compare the effect to soluble Ni from NiCl2 . We employed different models; i.e., exposure of (1) human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) followed by DNA strand break analysis (comet assay and γ-H2AX staining); (2) six different mouse embryonic stem (mES) reporter cell lines (ToxTracker) that are constructed to exhibit fluorescence upon the induction of various pathways of relevance for (geno)toxicity and cancer; and (3) mES cells followed by mutagenicity testing (Hprt assay). The results showed increased DNA strand breaks (comet assay) for the NiO NPs and at higher doses also for the Ni NPs whereas no effects were observed for Ni ions/complexes from NiCl2 . By employing the reporter cell lines, oxidative stress was observed as the main toxic mechanism and protein unfolding occurred at cytotoxic doses for all three Ni-containing materials. Oxidative stress was also detected in the HBEC cells following NP-exposure. None of these materials induced the reporter related to direct DNA damage and stalled replication forks. A small but statistically significant increase in Hprt mutations was observed for NiO but only at one dose. We conclude that Ni and NiO NPs show more pronounced (geno)toxic effects compared to Ni ions/complexes, indicating more serious health concerns. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:211-222, 2018. © 2017 The Authors Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Environmental Mutagen Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Åkerlund
- Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetStockholm171 77Sweden
| | - Francesca Cappellini
- Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetStockholm171 77Sweden
| | - Sebastiano Di Bucchianico
- Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetStockholm171 77Sweden
| | - Shafiqul Islam
- Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetStockholm171 77Sweden
| | - Sara Skoglund
- Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, School of Chemical Science and EngineeringKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden
| | - Remco Derr
- Toxys, Robert Boyleweg 4, 2333 CGLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Inger Odnevall Wallinder
- Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, School of Chemical Science and EngineeringKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden
| | - Giel Hendriks
- Toxys, Robert Boyleweg 4, 2333 CGLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Hanna L. Karlsson
- Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetStockholm171 77Sweden
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Jaramillo IC, Sturrock A, Ghiassi H, Woller DJ, Deering-Rice CE, Lighty JS, Paine R, Reilly C, Kelly KE. Effects of fuel components and combustion particle physicochemical properties on toxicological responses of lung cells. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2018; 53:295-309. [PMID: 29227181 PMCID: PMC5815945 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2017.1400793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The physicochemical properties of combustion particles that promote lung toxicity are not fully understood, hindered by the fact that combustion particles vary based on the fuel and combustion conditions. Real-world combustion-particle properties also continually change as new fuels are implemented, engines age, and engine technologies evolve. This work used laboratory-generated particles produced under controlled combustion conditions in an effort to understand the relationship between different particle properties and the activation of established toxicological outcomes in human lung cells (H441 and THP-1). Particles were generated from controlled combustion of two simple biofuel/diesel surrogates (methyl decanoate and dodecane/biofuel-blended diesel (BD), and butanol and dodecane/alcohol-blended diesel (AD)) and compared to a widely studied reference diesel (RD) particle (NIST SRM2975/RD). BD, AD, and RD particles exhibited differences in size, surface area, extractable chemical mass, and the content of individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Some of these differences were directly associated with different effects on biological responses. BD particles had the greatest surface area, amount of extractable material, and oxidizing potential. These particles and extracts induced cytochrome P450 1A1 and 1B1 enzyme mRNA in lung cells. AD particles and extracts had the greatest total PAH content and also caused CYP1A1 and 1B1 mRNA induction. The RD extract contained the highest relative concentration of 2-ring PAHs and stimulated the greatest level of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) cytokine secretion. Finally, AD and RD were more potent activators of TRPA1 than BD, and while neither the TRPA1 antagonist HC-030031 nor the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) affected CYP1A1 or 1B1 mRNA induction, both inhibitors reduced IL-8 secretion and mRNA induction. These results highlight that differences in fuel and combustion conditions affect the physicochemical properties of particles, and these differences, in turn, affect commonly studied biological/toxicological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel C. Jaramillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Anne Sturrock
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Hossein Ghiassi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Diana J. Woller
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Cassandra E. Deering-Rice
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - JoAnn S. Lighty
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States of America
| | - Robert Paine
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Christopher Reilly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Kerry E. Kelly
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
- Address correspondence to Kerry E. Kelly, Assistant Professor, University of Utah 2282 MEB, 50 S. Central Campus Dr., Salt Lake City, UT 84112; Phone: (801) 587-7601; Fax: (801) 585-9297; kerry,
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Abstract
Tea-derived polyphenols have anticancer and antioxidant properties, and they can regulate oxidative stress. This study was designed to quantify both the toxic effects of fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and determine whether tea polyphenols could provide a protective effect against PM2.5 toxicity on human alveolar epithelial A549 cells in vitro. Cytotoxic effects of the PM2.5 on A549 cells were measured by means of cell viability, the expression of caspase-3, bax/bcl-2 and C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), and the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase. The results showed that tea polyphenols ameliorated some of the adverse effects of PM2.5 on A549 cell viability and superoxide dismutase levels. In addition, tea polyphenols decreased the production of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde generation, and apoptosis in response to PM2.5 exposure. Therefore, our results support a role for tea polyphenols in reducing the toxicity of PM2.5, particularly with regard to targeting oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Diane Darland
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Yan He
- Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Lixue Yang
- Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Xinfeng Dong
- Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Yanzhong Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
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Stein MM, Thompson EE, Schoettler N, Helling BA, Magnaye KM, Stanhope C, Igartua C, Morin A, Washington C 3rd, Nicolae D, Bønnelykke K, Ober C. A decade of research on the 17q12-21 asthma locus: Piecing together the puzzle. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:749-764.e3. [PMID: 29307657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.12.974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome 17q12–21 remains the most highly replicated and significant asthma locus. Genotypes in the core region defined by the first genome-wide association study correlate with expression of 2 genes, ORM1-like 3 (ORMDL3) and gasdermin B (GSDMB), making these prime candidate asthma genes, although recent studies have implicated gasdermin A (GSDMA) distal to and post-GPI attachment to proteins 3 (PGAP3) proximal to the core region as independent loci. We review 10 years of studies on the 17q12–21 locus and suggest that genotype-specific risks for asthma at the proximal and distal loci are not specific to early-onset asthma and mediated by PGAP3, ORMDL3, and/or GSDMA expression. We propose that the weak and inconsistent associations of 17q single nucleotide polymorphisms with asthma in African Americans is due to the high frequency of some 17q alleles, the breakdown of linkage disequilibrium on African-derived chromosomes, and possibly different early-life asthma endotypes in these children. Finally, the inconsistent association between asthma and gene expression levels in blood or lung cells from older children and adults suggests that genotype effects may mediate asthma risk or protection during critical developmental windows and/or in response to relevant exposures in early life. Thus studies of young children and ethnically diverse populations are required to fully understand the relationship between genotype and asthma phenotype and the gene regulatory architecture at this locus. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018;142:749–64.)
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Cong X, Hubmayr RD, Li C, Zhao X. Plasma membrane wounding and repair in pulmonary diseases. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 312:L371-L391. [PMID: 28062486 PMCID: PMC5374305 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00486.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Various pathophysiological conditions such as surfactant dysfunction, mechanical ventilation, inflammation, pathogen products, environmental exposures, and gastric acid aspiration stress lung cells, and the compromise of plasma membranes occurs as a result. The mechanisms necessary for cells to repair plasma membrane defects have been extensively investigated in the last two decades, and some of these key repair mechanisms are also shown to occur following lung cell injury. Because it was theorized that lung wounding and repair are involved in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), in this review, we summarized the experimental evidence of lung cell injury in these two devastating syndromes and discuss relevant genetic, physical, and biological injury mechanisms, as well as mechanisms used by lung cells for cell survival and membrane repair. Finally, we discuss relevant signaling pathways that may be activated by chronic or repeated lung cell injury as an extension of our cell injury and repair focus in this review. We hope that a holistic view of injurious stimuli relevant for ARDS and IPF could lead to updated experimental models. In addition, parallel discussion of membrane repair mechanisms in lung cells and injury-activated signaling pathways would encourage research to bridge gaps in current knowledge. Indeed, deep understanding of lung cell wounding and repair, and discovery of relevant repair moieties for lung cells, should inspire the development of new therapies that are likely preventive and broadly effective for targeting injurious pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Cong
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Rolf D Hubmayr
- Emerius, Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Changgong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia;
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23
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Ghosh S, Nandi S, Ghosh C, Bhattacharyya K. Fluorescence Dynamics in the Endoplasmic Reticulum of a Live Cell: Time-Resolved Confocal Microscopy. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:2818-23. [PMID: 27245117 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence dynamics in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of a live non-cancer lung cell (WI38) and a lung cancer cell (A549) are studied by using time-resolved confocal microscopy. To selectively study the organelle, ER, we have used an ER-Tracker dye. From the emission maximum (λmaxem) of the ER-Tracker dye, polarity (i.e. dielectric constant, ϵ) in the ER region of the cells (≈500 nm in WI38 and ≈510 nm in A549) is estimated to be similar to that of chloroform (λmaxem =506 nm, ϵ≈5). The red shift by 10 nm in λmaxem in the cancer cell (A549) suggests a slightly higher polarity compared to the non-cancer cell (WI38). The fluorescence intensity of the ER-Tracker dye exhibits prolonged intermittent oscillations on a timescale of 2-6 seconds for the cancer cell (A549). For the non-cancer cell (WI38), such fluorescence oscillations are much less prominent. The marked fluorescence intensity oscillations in the cancer cell are attributed to enhanced calcium oscillations. The average solvent relaxation time (<τs >) of the ER region in the lung cancer cell (A549, 250±50 ps) is about four times faster than that in the non-cancer cell (WI38, 1000±50 ps).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirsendu Ghosh
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700 032, India), Fax: (91)-33-2473-2805
| | - Somen Nandi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700 032, India), Fax: (91)-33-2473-2805
| | - Catherine Ghosh
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700 032, India), Fax: (91)-33-2473-2805
| | - Kankan Bhattacharyya
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700 032, India), Fax: (91)-33-2473-2805.
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24
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Bahl V, Weng NJH, Schick SF, Sleiman M, Whitehead J, Ibarra A, Talbot P. Cytotoxicity of Thirdhand Smoke and Identification of Acrolein as a Volatile Thirdhand Smoke Chemical That Inhibits Cell Proliferation. Toxicol Sci 2015; 150:234-46. [PMID: 26719373 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Thirdhand smoke (THS) is a mixture of chemicals that remain on indoor surfaces after smoking has ceased. These chemicals can be inhaled, ingested, or absorbed dermally, and thus could impact human health. We evaluated the cytotoxicity and mode of action of fresh and aged THS, the toxicity of volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) in THS, and the molecular targets of acrolein, a VOC in THS. Experiments were done using mouse neural stem cells (mNSC), human pulmonary fibroblasts (hPF), and lung A549 epithelial cells. THS-exposed cotton cloth was extracted in Dulbecco's Eagle Medium and caused cytotoxicity in the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. THS extracts induced blebbing, immotility, vacuolization, cell fragmentation, severing of microfilaments and depolymerization of microtubules in mNSC. Cytotoxicity was inversely related to headspace volume in the extraction container and was lost upon aging, suggesting that VOCs in THS were cytotoxic. Phenol, 2',5'-dimethyl furan and acrolein were identified as the most cytotoxic VOCs in THS, and in combination, their cytotoxicity increased. Acrolein inhibited proliferation of mNSC and hPF and altered expression of cell cycle regulatory genes. Twenty-four hours of treatment with acrolein decreased expression of transcription factor Dp-1, a factor needed for the G1 to S transition in the cell cycle. At 48 h, WEE1 expression increased, while ANACP1 expression decreased consistent with blocking entry into and completion of the M phase of the cell cycle. This study identified acrolein as a highly cytotoxic VOC in THS which killed cells at high doses and inhibited cell proliferation at low doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasundhra Bahl
- *Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA; Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program
| | - Nikki J-H Weng
- *Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA; Cell Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program
| | - Suzaynn F Schick
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94243, USA
| | - Mohamad Sleiman
- Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; and
| | - Jacklyn Whitehead
- *Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA; Bioengineering Interdepartmental Graduate Program
| | - Allison Ibarra
- *Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Prue Talbot
- *Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA;
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25
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Ursini CL, Maiello R, Ciervo A, Fresegna AM, Buresti G, Superti F, Marchetti M, Iavicoli S, Cavallo D. Evaluation of uptake, cytotoxicity and inflammatory effects in respiratory cells exposed to pristine and -OH and -COOH functionalized multi-wall carbon nanotubes. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 36:394-403. [PMID: 26370214 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Toxic effects were reported for pristine-multi-wall carbon nanotubes (p-MWCNTs) while the role of the functionalization on MWCNT-induced toxicity is not yet well defined. We evaluated on human alveolar (A549) epithelial cells and normal bronchial (BEAS-2B) cells exposed to p-MWCNTs, MWCNTs-OH and MWCNTs-COOH: uptake by TEM, cell viability by different assays, membrane damage by the LDH assay and cytokine release by ELISA. The aims of the present study were to: (i) confirm MWCNT cytotoxicity mechanisms hypothesized in our previous studies; (ii) identify the most reliable viability assay to screen MWCNT toxicity; and (iii) to test our model to clarify the role of functionalization on MWCNT-induced toxicity. In A549 cells, p-MWCNTs and MWCNTs-OH were localized free in the cytoplasm and inside vacuoles whereas MWCNTs-COOH were confined inside filled cytoplasmic vesicles. WST-1 and Trypan blue assays showed in A549 cells a similar slight viability reduction for all MWCNTs whereas in BEAS-2B cells WST1 showed a high viability reduction at the highest concentrations, particularly for MWCNTs-COOH. The MTT assay showed a false cytotoxicity as a result of MWCNTs-interference. Pristine and MWCNTs-COOH induced membrane damage, particularly in BEAS-2B cells. MWCNTs-COOH induced interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 release in A549 cells whereas p-MWCNTs induced IL-8 release in BEAS-2B cells. MWCNTs intracellular localization in A549 cells confirms the toxicity mechanisms previously hypothesized, with p-MWCNTs disrupting the membrane and vesicle-confined MWCNTs-COOH inducing inflammation. WST-1 was more reliable than MTT to test MWCNT-toxicity. BEAS-2B cells were more susceptible then A549 cells, particularly to MWCNT-COOH cytotoxicity. Our results confirm the toxicity of p-MWCNTs and demonstrate, also for the two kinds of tested functionalized MWCNTs toxic effects with a different mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Lucia Ursini
- INAIL-Italian Workers' Compensation Authority - Research Area, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, via Fontana Candida 1, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Maiello
- INAIL-Italian Workers' Compensation Authority - Research Area, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, via Fontana Candida 1, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | - Aureliano Ciervo
- INAIL-Italian Workers' Compensation Authority - Research Area, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, via Fontana Candida 1, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Fresegna
- INAIL-Italian Workers' Compensation Authority - Research Area, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, via Fontana Candida 1, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliana Buresti
- INAIL-Italian Workers' Compensation Authority - Research Area, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, via Fontana Candida 1, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiana Superti
- ISS- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Technology and Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Magda Marchetti
- ISS- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Technology and Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Iavicoli
- INAIL-Italian Workers' Compensation Authority - Research Area, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, via Fontana Candida 1, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | - Delia Cavallo
- INAIL-Italian Workers' Compensation Authority - Research Area, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, via Fontana Candida 1, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Rome, Italy
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26
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Odewumi CO, Fils-Aime S, Badisa VLD, Latinwo LM, Ruden ML, Ikediobi C, Badisa RB. Chemoprotective effect of monoisoamyl 2, 3-dimercaptosuccinate (MiADMS) on cytokines expression in cadmium chloride treated human lung cells. Environ Toxicol 2015; 30:704-11. [PMID: 24420767 PMCID: PMC4096614 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is commercially profitable element, but it causes toxicity in humans and animals leading to diseases in various organs. The main route of cadmium exposure to humans is through inhalation. Lungs respond to insult through secretion of cytokines. In this study, the chemoprotective effect of monoisoamyl 2, 3-dimercaptosuccinate (MiADMS) was evaluated on viability and cytokines expression in CdCl2 treated human lung A549 cells by cytokine array. Cells were treated with 0, 50, 75, and 100 µM CdCl2 alone, 300 µM MiADMS alone, and co-treated with 300 µM MiADMS and 75 µM CdCl2 for 24 h. The viability was measured by crystal violet dye. The level of cytokines in the cells' lysate and cell culture medium was measured using Ray Biotech's Human Cytokine Array 6 in control cells, 75 µM CdCl2 alone and MiADMS co-treated cells. Array results were validated by ELISA kit. The CdCl2 caused a dose dependent decrease in cell viability, while MiADMS co-treatment resulted in a significant increase in viability of CdCl2 treated cells. Morphology of the cells treated with CdCl2 was destroyed, while MiADMS restored the lost shape in CdCl2 treated cells. In addition, the cells co-treated with MiADMS and CdCl2 showed modulation of cytokines expression in comparison to the CdCl2 alone treated cells. The ELISA results showed the similar pattern of cytokine expression as Human Cytokine Array and validated the array results. These results clearly show the chemoprotective effect of MiADMS and suggest that MiADMS can be used as antidote at moderate dose against CdCl2 toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline O Odewumi
- Departments of Biology, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Shiela Fils-Aime
- Departments of Biology, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Veera L D Badisa
- Departments of Biology, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Lekan M Latinwo
- Departments of Biology, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Michael L Ruden
- Departments of Biology, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | | | - Ramesh B Badisa
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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27
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Abstract
The isolation of endothelial cells (ECs) from knockout and transgenic mouse lines provides the opportunity to study the endothelial-specific activities of a targeted molecule. As a means of pursuing these types of investigations, the protocols described in this unit provide a reliable method for isolating lung microvascular ECs from mouse neonatal pups that can be serially passaged. These protocols are useful in settings where mouse age is irrelevant and a pure population of pulmonary vascular ECs, uncontaminated by other cells, is needed. When a specific source of ECs is not required, these procedures also represent a reliable means of obtaining murine ECs in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyuan Cao
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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28
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Kim NY, Kang CI, Hur GH, Yang JM, Shin S. Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin induces cell-type-specific cytotoxicity in human lung cell lines. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 116:1334-43. [PMID: 24471528 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Inhalational anthrax is caused by the entry of Bacillus anthracis spores into the lung. Inhaled spores are phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages. Bacilli then escape from the macrophage and spread to other cells, initiating a systemic anthrax infection. Based on the pathological studies of primate and human inhalational anthrax cases, it appears that lung tissue injury is a lethal consequence of the disease. Although the cytotoxicity of anthrax lethal toxin to macrophages is well known, it is not clear how anthrax toxin affects the various lung cell types. METHODS AND RESULTS Using model cell lines representing different physiological compartments of the lung, we have investigated the cytotoxic effects of anthrax lethal toxin. The cell response was evaluated through MTT metabolism, neutral red uptake, initiation of apoptosis, and expression and binding activity of anthrax toxin receptors. We found that a human small airway epithelial cell line, HSAEC, was susceptible to anthrax lethal toxin. The other cell lines, A549, MRC-5, H358 and SKLU-1, displayed resistance to anthrax lethal toxin-mediated toxicity, although the expression of anthrax toxin receptors was detected in all the cell lines tested. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that cell-type-specific toxicity may be induced by anthrax lethal toxin in human lung tissues and does not correlate with anthrax toxin receptor expression levels. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This work suggests that cell-type-specific cytotoxicity of anthrax toxin in lung cells may cause subsequent lung disease progression. It may explain the initial pathogenic step of inhalational anthrax.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Y Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Shinsu-Dong, Mapo, Seoul, Korea
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Rager JE, Lichtveld K, Ebersviller S, Smeester L, Jaspers I, Sexton KG, Fry RC. A toxicogenomic comparison of primary and photochemically altered air pollutant mixtures. Environ Health Perspect 2011; 119:1583-9. [PMID: 21757418 PMCID: PMC3226493 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1003323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution contributes significantly to global increases in mortality, particularly within urban environments. Limited knowledge exists on the mechanisms underlying health effects resulting from exposure to pollutant mixtures similar to those occurring in ambient air. In order to clarify the mechanisms underlying exposure effects, toxicogenomic analyses are used to evaluate genomewide transcript responses and map these responses to molecular networks. OBJECTIVES We compared responses induced by exposure to primary pollutants and photochemically altered (PCA) pollutant mixtures representing urban atmospheres to test our hypothesis that exposures to PCA pollutants would show increased modulation of inflammation-associated genes and pathways relative to primary air pollutants. METHODS We used an outdoor environmental irradiation chamber to expose human lung epithelial cells to mixtures representing either primary or PCA pollutants for 4 hr. Transcriptional changes were assessed using microarrays and confirmed using quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) on a subset of genes. RESULTS We found a large difference in the cellular responses to the two pollutant exposures: Primary air pollutants altered the expression levels of 19 genes, whereas PCA pollutants altered 709 genes. Functional and molecular analyses of the altered genes revealed novel pathways, such as hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α, potentially regulating the pollutant responses. Chemical component analysis characterized and confirmed the photochemical transformation of primary air pollutants into PCA air pollutants. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that the photochemical transformation of primary air pollutants produces altered mixtures that cause significantly greater biological effects than the primary pollutants themselves. These findings suggest that studying individual air pollutants or primary pollutant mixtures may greatly underestimate the adverse health effects caused by air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Rager
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last decade, nanotechnology has provided researchers with new nanometer materials, such as nanoparticles, which have the potential to provide new therapies for many lung diseases. In this study, we investigated the acute effects of polystyrene nanoparticles on epithelial ion channel function. METHODS Human submucosal Calu-3 cells that express cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and baby hamster kidney cells engineered to express the wild-type CFTR gene were used to investigate the actions of negatively charged 20 nm polystyrene nanoparticles on short-circuit current in Calu-3 cells by Ussing chamber and single CFTR Clchannels alone and in the presence of known CFTR channel activators by using baby hamster kidney cell patches. RESULTS Polystyrene nanoparticles caused sustained, repeatable, and concentration-dependent increases in short-circuit current. In turn, these short-circuit current responses were found to be biphasic in nature, ie, an initial peak followed by a plateau. EC(50) values for peak and plateau short-circuit current responses were 1457 and 315.5 ng/mL, respectively. Short-circuit current was inhibited by diphenylamine-2-carboxylate, a CFTR Cl(-) channel blocker. Polystyrene nanoparticles activated basolateral K(+) channels and affected Cl(-) and HCO(3) (-) secretion. The mechanism of short-circuit current activation by polystyrene nanoparticles was found to be largely dependent on calcium-dependent and cyclic nucleotide-dependent phosphorylation of CFTR Cl(-) channels. Recordings from isolated inside-out patches using baby hamster kidney cells confirmed the direct activation of CFTR Cl(-) channels by the nanoparticles. CONCLUSION This is the first study to identify the activation of ion channels in airway cells after exposure to polystyrene-based nanomaterials. Thus, polystyrene nanoparticles cannot be considered as a simple neutral vehicle for drug delivery for the treatment of lung diseases, due to the fact that they may have the ability to affect epithelial cell function and physiological processes on their own.
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Affiliation(s)
- J McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Chen TL, Wise SS, Holmes A, Shaffiey F, Wise JP, Thompson WD, Kraus S, Wise JP. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of hexavalent chromium in human and North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) lung cells. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 150:487-94. [PMID: 19632355 PMCID: PMC4048704 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Revised: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Humans and cetaceans are exposed to a wide range of contaminants. In this study, we compared the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of a metal pollutant, hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], which has been shown to cause damage in lung cells from both humans and North Atlantic right whales. Our results show that Cr induces increased cell death and chromosome damage in lung cells from both species with increasing intracellular Cr ion levels. Soluble Cr(VI) induced less of a cytotoxic and genotoxic effect based on administered dose in right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) cells than in human (Homo sapiens) cells. Whereas, particulate Cr(VI) induced a similar cytotoxic effect but less of a genotoxic effect based on administered dose in right whale cells than in human cells. Differences in chromium ion uptake explained soluble chromate-induced cell death but not all of the soluble chromate-induced chromosome damage. Uptake differences of lead ions could explain the differences in particulate chromate-induced toxicity. The data show that both forms of Cr(VI) are less genotoxic to right whale than human lung cells, and that soluble Cr(VI) induces a similar cytotoxic effect in both right whale and human cells, while particulate Cr(VI) is more cytotoxic to right whale lung cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Li Chen
- Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, University of Southern Maine, 96 Falmouth St., Portland, ME. 04104, USA
- Maine Center for Toxicology and Environmental Health, University of Southern Maine, 96 Falmouth St., Portland, ME. 04104, USA
- Department of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Southern Maine, 96 Falmouth St., Portland, ME. 04104, USA
| | - Sandra S. Wise
- Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, University of Southern Maine, 96 Falmouth St., Portland, ME. 04104, USA
- Maine Center for Toxicology and Environmental Health, University of Southern Maine, 96 Falmouth St., Portland, ME. 04104, USA
- Department of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Southern Maine, 96 Falmouth St., Portland, ME. 04104, USA
| | - Amie Holmes
- Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, University of Southern Maine, 96 Falmouth St., Portland, ME. 04104, USA
- Maine Center for Toxicology and Environmental Health, University of Southern Maine, 96 Falmouth St., Portland, ME. 04104, USA
- Department of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Southern Maine, 96 Falmouth St., Portland, ME. 04104, USA
| | - Fariba Shaffiey
- Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, University of Southern Maine, 96 Falmouth St., Portland, ME. 04104, USA
- Maine Center for Toxicology and Environmental Health, University of Southern Maine, 96 Falmouth St., Portland, ME. 04104, USA
| | - John Pierce Wise
- Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, University of Southern Maine, 96 Falmouth St., Portland, ME. 04104, USA
- Maine Center for Toxicology and Environmental Health, University of Southern Maine, 96 Falmouth St., Portland, ME. 04104, USA
| | - W. Douglas Thompson
- Maine Center for Toxicology and Environmental Health, University of Southern Maine, 96 Falmouth St., Portland, ME. 04104, USA
- Department of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Southern Maine, 96 Falmouth St., Portland, ME. 04104, USA
| | - Scott Kraus
- New England Aquarium, Edgerton Research Laboratory, Central Wharf, Boston, MA 02110, USA
| | - John Pierce Wise
- Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, University of Southern Maine, 96 Falmouth St., Portland, ME. 04104, USA
- Maine Center for Toxicology and Environmental Health, University of Southern Maine, 96 Falmouth St., Portland, ME. 04104, USA
- Department of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Southern Maine, 96 Falmouth St., Portland, ME. 04104, USA
- New England Aquarium, Edgerton Research Laboratory, Central Wharf, Boston, MA 02110, USA
- Mystic Aquarium, 55 Coogan Blvd., Mystic, CT 06355, USA
- Ocean Alliance, 191 Weston Rd., Lincoln, MA 01773, USA
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Chowdhury I, Mo Y, Gao L, Kazi A, Fisher AB, Feinstein SI. Oxidant stress stimulates expression of the human peroxiredoxin 6 gene by a transcriptional mechanism involving an antioxidant response element. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46:146-53. [PMID: 18973804 PMCID: PMC2646855 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2008] [Revised: 08/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/19/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) is a unique antioxidant enzyme that can reduce phospholipid and other hydroperoxides. A549 cells, a human lung-derived cell line, express both Prdx6 and Nrf2, a transcription factor that binds to antioxidant-response elements (AREs) and promotes expression of antioxidant genes. Treatment of A549 cells with 500 microM H(2)O(2) increased Prdx6 mRNA levels 2.5-fold, whereas treatment with 400 microM H(2)O(2) or 200 microM tert-butylhydroquinone (t-BHQ) triggered a corresponding 2.5-fold increase in reporter gene activity in A549 cells transfected with the pSEAP2:Basic vector (BD Bioscience), containing 1524 nucleotides of the human Prdx6 promoter region. Deletion of a consensus ARE sequence present between positions 357 and 349 before the start of transcription led to a striking decrease in both basal and H(2)O(2)- or t-BHQ-induced activation in A549 cells and H(2)O(2)-induced activation in primary rat alveolar type II cells. Cotransfection with Nrf2 stimulated the Prdx6 promoter in an ARE-dependent manner, whereas it was negatively regulated by Nrf3. siRNA targeting Nrf2 down-regulated reporter gene expression, whereas siRNA targeting the Nrf2 repressor, Keap1, up-regulated it. Binding of Nrf2 to the ARE sequence in chromatin was confirmed by PCR after chromatin immunoprecipitation. These data demonstrate that the ARE within the Prdx6 promoter is a key regulator of basal transcription of the Prdx6 gene and of its inducibility under conditions of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrul Chowdhury
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 1 John Morgan Building, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6068, USA
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