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Cyr DG. The Mesenchymal Androgen Receptor and Wolffian Duct Development. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae025. [PMID: 38387078 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Cyr
- Laboratory for Reproductive Toxicology, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
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Kim S, Morgunova E, Naqvi S, Goovaerts S, Bader M, Koska M, Popov A, Luong C, Pogson A, Swigut T, Claes P, Taipale J, Wysocka J. DNA-guided transcription factor cooperativity shapes face and limb mesenchyme. Cell 2024; 187:692-711.e26. [PMID: 38262408 PMCID: PMC10872279 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) can define distinct cellular identities despite nearly identical DNA-binding specificities. One mechanism for achieving regulatory specificity is DNA-guided TF cooperativity. Although in vitro studies suggest that it may be common, examples of such cooperativity remain scarce in cellular contexts. Here, we demonstrate how "Coordinator," a long DNA motif composed of common motifs bound by many basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) and homeodomain (HD) TFs, uniquely defines the regulatory regions of embryonic face and limb mesenchyme. Coordinator guides cooperative and selective binding between the bHLH family mesenchymal regulator TWIST1 and a collective of HD factors associated with regional identities in the face and limb. TWIST1 is required for HD binding and open chromatin at Coordinator sites, whereas HD factors stabilize TWIST1 occupancy at Coordinator and titrate it away from HD-independent sites. This cooperativity results in the shared regulation of genes involved in cell-type and positional identities and ultimately shapes facial morphology and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungsoo Kim
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ekaterina Morgunova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Sahin Naqvi
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Seppe Goovaerts
- Medical Imaging Research Center, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maram Bader
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mervenaz Koska
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Christy Luong
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Angela Pogson
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tomek Swigut
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Peter Claes
- Medical Imaging Research Center, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT/PSI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jussi Taipale
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Applied Tumor Genomics Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joanna Wysocka
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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3
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Wilbourne J, Jia S, Fogarty A, Takaku M, Zhao F. Crucial Roles of the Mesenchymal Androgen Receptor in Wolffian Duct Development. Endocrinology 2023; 165:bqad193. [PMID: 38146640 PMCID: PMC10763607 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Wolffian duct (WD) maintenance and differentiation is predominantly driven by the androgen action, which is mediated by the androgen receptor (AR). It is well established that the mesenchyme indicates the fate and differentiation of epithelial cells. However, in vivo developmental requirement of mesenchymal AR in WD development is still undefined. By designing a mesenchyme-specific Ar knockout (ARcKO), we discovered that the loss of mesenchymal Ar led to the bilateral or unilateral degeneration of caudal WDs and cystic formation at the cranial WDs. Ex vivo culture of ARcKO WDs invariably resulted in bilateral defects, suggesting that some factor(s) originating from surrounding tissues in vivo might promote WD survival and growth even in the absence of mesenchymal Ar. Mechanistically, we found cell proliferation was significantly reduced in both epithelial and mesenchymal compartments; but cell apoptosis was not affected. Transcriptomic analysis by RNA sequencing of E14.5 mesonephroi revealed 131 differentially expressed genes. Multiple downregulated genes (Top2a, Wnt9b, Lama2, and Lamc2) were associated with morphological and cellular changes in ARcKO male embryos (ie, reduced cell proliferation and decreased number of epithelial cells). Mesenchymal differentiation into smooth muscle cells that are critical for morphogenesis was also impaired in ARcKO male embryos. Taken together, our results demonstrate the crucial roles of the mesenchymal AR in WD maintenance and morphogenesis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Wilbourne
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Shuai Jia
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Allyssa Fogarty
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Motoki Takaku
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Sveen LR, Robinson N, Krasnov A, Daniels RR, Vaadal M, Karlsen C, Ytteborg E, Robledo D, Salisbury S, Dagnachew B, Lazado CC, Tengs T. Transcriptomic landscape of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) skin. G3 (Bethesda) 2023; 13:jkad215. [PMID: 37724757 PMCID: PMC10627282 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present the first spatial transcriptomic atlas of Atlantic salmon skin using the Visium Spatial Gene Expression protocol. We utilized frozen skin tissue from 4 distinct sites, namely the operculum, pectoral and caudal fins, and scaly skin at the flank of the fish close to the lateral line, obtained from 2 Atlantic salmon (150 g). High-quality frozen tissue sections were obtained by embedding tissue in optimal cutting temperature media prior to freezing and sectioning. Further, we generated libraries and spatial transcriptomic maps, achieving a minimum of 80 million reads per sample with mapping efficiencies ranging from 79.3 to 89.4%. Our analysis revealed the detection of over 80,000 transcripts and nearly 30,000 genes in each sample. Among the tissue types observed in the skin, the epithelial tissues exhibited the highest number of transcripts (unique molecular identifier counts), followed by muscle tissue, loose and fibrous connective tissue, and bone. Notably, the widest nodes in the transcriptome network were shared among the epithelial clusters, while dermal tissues showed less consistency, which is likely attributable to the presence of multiple cell types at different body locations. Additionally, we identified collagen type 1 as the most prominent gene family in the skin, while keratins were found to be abundant in the epithelial tissue. Furthermore, we successfully identified gene markers specific to epithelial tissue, bone, and mesenchyme. To validate their expression patterns, we conducted a meta-analysis of the microarray database, which confirmed high expression levels of these markers in mucosal organs, skin, gills, and the olfactory rosette.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas Robinson
- Nofima, Fish Health, Tromsø NO-9291, Norway
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | | | - Rose Ruiz Daniels
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | | | | | | | - Diego Robledo
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Sarah Salisbury
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
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Salati SA, Sulaiman Alsulaim L, Elmuttalut MA, Alfehaid M, Ahmad Alsuwaydani S. Tumoral pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) of the male breast: A systematic analysis. Pol Przegl Chir 2023; 96:78-83. [PMID: 38348993 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0053.8610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
<b><br>Aim:</b> The study was conducted to systematically analyze the recent peer-reviewed literature related to tumoral pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) in males.</br> <b><br>Materials and methods:</b> Articles published in peer-reviewed journals of repute from 2012 to 2023 were evaluated for eight variables: 1) the age of the patient, 2) clinical presentation, 3) laterality (unilateral or bilateral), 4) associated breast disorder, 5) the presence of systemic co-morbidity, 6) imaging modalities aiding diagnosis, 7) treatment, and 8) recurrence.</br> <b><br>Results:</b> There were 10 patients ranging in age from 1 year to 67 years (mean: 34.5 years). In 8 cases (80%), there were breast lumps; in 2 cases (20%), there were axillary lumps at presentation. Pain was not a prominent symptom. Six patients (60%) had another breast disorder at presentation and 3 (30%) had significant systemic co-morbidities, including diabetes and renal insufficiency. The greatest dimension of the lumps ranged from 2 cm to 12 cm, with 80% of the lumps being below 5 cm in size. Imaging modalities utilized in evaluation included breast ultrasound (USG), mammograms, computerized tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All the cases were treated surgically, and the final diagnosis was made only after the analysis of the surgical specimen. Recurrence was recorded in 2 (20%) cases.</br> <b><br>Conclusions:</b> Tumoral PASH is a benign myofibroblastic proliferation disorder rarely reported in males. This condition should be considered a differential diagnosis of breast or axillary lumps, and an evaluation should be initiated accordingly. The recommended course of treatment is adequate surgical excision with regular clinical and radiological follow-up.</br>.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Ahmad Salati
- Department of Surgery, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamees Sulaiman Alsulaim
- Department of Surgery, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ahmed Elmuttalut
- Department of Community Medicine, Al-Rayan Medical College, Madinah Munawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alfehaid
- Department of Surgery, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Ahmad Alsuwaydani
- Department of Surgery, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Belgacemi R, Cherry C, El Alam I, Frauenpreis A, Glass I, Bellusci S, Danopoulos S, Al Alam D. Preferential FGF18/FGFR activity in pseudoglandular versus canalicular stage human lung fibroblasts. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1220002. [PMID: 37701781 PMCID: PMC10493313 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1220002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling is necessary for proper lung branching morphogenesis, alveolarization, and vascular development. Dysregulation of FGF activity has been implicated in various lung diseases. Recently, we showed that FGF18 promotes human lung branching morphogenesis by regulating mesenchymal progenitor cells. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Thus, we aimed to determine the role of FGF18 and its receptors (FGFR) in regulating mesenchymal cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation from pseudoglandular to canalicular stage. We performed siRNA assays to identify the specific FGFR(s) associated with FGF18-induced biological processes. We found that FGF18 increased proliferation and migration in human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFLF) from both stages. FGFR2/FGFR4 played a significant role in pseudoglandular stage. HFLF proliferation, while FGFR3/FGFR4 were involved in canalicular stage. FGF18 enhanced HFLF migration through FGFR2 and FGFR4 in pseudoglandular and canalicular stage, respectively. Finally, we provide evidence that FGF18 treatment leads to reduced expression of myofibroblast markers (ACTA2 and COL1A1) and increased expression of lipofibroblast markers (ADRP and PPARγ) in both stages HFLF. However, the specific FGF18/FGFR complex involved in this process varies depending on the stage. Our findings suggest that in context of human lung development, FGF18 tends to associate with distinct FGFRs to initiate specific biological processes on mesenchymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randa Belgacemi
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Caroline Cherry
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Imad El Alam
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Andrew Frauenpreis
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Ian Glass
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UG-MLC), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Soula Danopoulos
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Denise Al Alam
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Kim MK, Lee JU, Lee SJ, Chang HS, Park JS, Park CS. The Role of Erythrocyte Membrane Protein Band 4.1-like 3 in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10182. [PMID: 37373330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel genetic and epigenetic factors involved in the development and prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have been identified. We previously observed that erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like 3 (EPB41L3) increased in the lung fibroblasts of IPF patients. Thus, we investigated the role of EPB41L3 in IPF by comparing the EPB41L3 mRNA and protein expression of lung fibroblast between patients with IPF and controls. We also investigated the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in an epithelial cell line (A549) and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT) in a fibroblast cell line (MRC5) by overexpressing and silencing EPB41L3. EPB41L3 mRNA and protein levels, as measured using RT-PCR, real-time PCR, and Western blot, were significantly higher in fibroblasts derived from 14 IPF patients than in those from 10 controls. The mRNA and protein expression of EPB41L3 was upregulated during transforming growth factor-β-induced EMT and FMT. Overexpression of EPB41L3 in A549 cells using lenti-EPB41L3 transfection suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of N-cadherin and COL1A1. Treatment with EPB41L3 siRNA upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of N-cadherin. Overexpression of EPB41L3 in MRC5 cells using lenti-EPB41L3 transfection suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of fibronectin and α-SMA. Finally, treatment with EPB41L3 siRNA upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of FN1, COL1A1, and VIM. In conclusion, these data strongly support an inhibitory effect of EPB41L3 on the process of fibrosis and suggest the therapeutic potential of EPB41L3 as an anti-fibrotic mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyung Kim
- Department of Interdisciplinary, Program in Biomedical Science Major, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Uk Lee
- Department of Interdisciplinary, Program in Biomedical Science Major, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ju Lee
- Department of Interdisciplinary, Program in Biomedical Science Major, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Soo Chang
- Department of Microbiology and BK21 Four Project, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sook Park
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 14584, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Sik Park
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 14584, Republic of Korea
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Kim S, Morgunova E, Naqvi S, Bader M, Koska M, Popov A, Luong C, Pogson A, Claes P, Taipale J, Wysocka J. DNA-guided transcription factor cooperativity shapes face and limb mesenchyme. bioRxiv 2023:2023.05.29.541540. [PMID: 37398193 PMCID: PMC10312427 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.29.541540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) can define distinct cellular identities despite nearly identical DNA-binding specificities. One mechanism for achieving regulatory specificity is DNA-guided TF cooperativity. Although in vitro studies suggest it may be common, examples of such cooperativity remain scarce in cellular contexts. Here, we demonstrate how 'Coordinator', a long DNA motif comprised of common motifs bound by many basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) and homeodomain (HD) TFs, uniquely defines regulatory regions of embryonic face and limb mesenchyme. Coordinator guides cooperative and selective binding between the bHLH family mesenchymal regulator TWIST1 and a collective of HD factors associated with regional identities in the face and limb. TWIST1 is required for HD binding and open chromatin at Coordinator sites, while HD factors stabilize TWIST1 occupancy at Coordinator and titrate it away from HD-independent sites. This cooperativity results in shared regulation of genes involved in cell-type and positional identities, and ultimately shapes facial morphology and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungsoo Kim
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Ekaterina Morgunova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Sahin Naqvi
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Maram Bader
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Mervenaz Koska
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | | | - Christy Luong
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Angela Pogson
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Peter Claes
- Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT/PSI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Medical Imaging Research Center, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jussi Taipale
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Applied Tumor Genomics Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joanna Wysocka
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA 94305
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Danopoulos S, Belgacemi R, Hein RFC, Miller AJ, Deutsch GH, Glass I, Spence JR, Al Alam D. FGF18 promotes human lung branching morphogenesis through regulating mesenchymal progenitor cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L433-L444. [PMID: 36791060 PMCID: PMC10027085 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00316.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling is known to play an important role in lung organogenesis. However, we recently demonstrated that FGF10 fails to induce branching in human fetal lungs as is observed in mouse. Our previous human fetal lung RNA sequencing data exhibited increased FGF18 during the pseudoglandular stage of development, suggestive of its importance in human lung branching morphogenesis. Whereas it has been previously reported that FGF18 is critical during alveologenesis, few studies have described its implication in lung branching, specifically in human. Therefore, we aimed to determine the role of FGF18 in human lung branching morphogenesis. Human fetal lung explants within the pseudoglandular stage of development were treated with recombinant human FGF18 in air-liquid interface culture. Explants were analyzed grossly to assess differences in branching pattern, as well as at the cellular and molecular levels. FGF18 treatment promoted branching in explant cultures and demonstrated increased epithelial proliferation as well as maintenance of the double positive SOX2/SOX9 distal bud progenitor cells, confirming its role in human lung branching morphogenesis. In addition, FGF18 treated explants displayed increased expression of SOX9, FN1, and COL2A1 within the mesenchyme, all factors that are important to chondrocyte differentiation. In humans, cartilaginous airways extend deep into the lung up to the 12th generation of branching whereas in mouse these are restricted to the trachea and main bronchi. Therefore, our data suggest that FGF18 promotes human lung branching morphogenesis through regulating mesenchymal progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soula Danopoulos
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Randa Belgacemi
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States
| | - Renee F C Hein
- Department of Cell and Developmental biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Alyssa J Miller
- Department of Cell and Developmental biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Gail H Deutsch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Ian Glass
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Cell and Developmental biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Denise Al Alam
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
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Onai T. Organization of the body wall in lampreys informs the evolution of the vertebrate paired appendages. J Morphol 2023; 284:e21559. [PMID: 36688403 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrate paired appendages are one of the most important evolutionary novelties in vertebrates. During embryogenesis, the skeletal elements of paired appendages differentiate from the somatic mesoderm, which is a layer of lateral plate mesoderm. However, the presence of the somatic mesoderm in the common ancestor of vertebrates has been controversial. To address this problem, it is necessary but insufficient to understand the developmental process of lateral plate mesoderm formation in lamprey (jawless vertebrates) embryos. Here, I show the presence of the somatic mesoderm in lamprey (Lethenteron camtschaticum) embryos using plastic sectioning and transmission electron microscopy analysis. During the early pharyngeal stages, the somatic mesoderm transforms from the lateral plate mesoderm in the trunk region. Soon after, when the cardiac structures were morphologically distinct, the somatic mesoderm was recognized through the cardiac to more caudal regions. These findings indicated that the somatic mesoderm evolved before the emergence of paired appendages. I also discuss the developmental changes in the body wall organization in the common ancestor of vertebrates, which is likely related to the evolution of the paired appendages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Onai
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.,Life Science Innovation Center, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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Jia S, Wilbourne J, Crossen MJ, Zhao F. Morphogenesis of the female reproductive tract along antero-posterior and dorso-ventral axes is dependent on Amhr2+ mesenchyme in mice†. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:1477-1489. [PMID: 36130202 PMCID: PMC9752753 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphogenesis of the female reproductive tract is regulated by the mesenchyme. However, the identity of the mesenchymal lineage that directs the morphogenesis of the female reproductive tract has not been determined. Using in vivo genetic cell ablation, we identified Amhr2+ mesenchyme as an essential mesenchymal population in patterning the female reproductive tract. After partial ablation of Amhr2+ mesenchymal cells, the oviduct failed to develop its characteristic coiling due to decreased epithelial proliferation and tubule elongation during development. The uterus displayed a reduction in size and showed decreased cellular proliferation in both epithelial and mesenchymal compartments. More importantly, in the uterus, partial ablation of Amhr2+ mesenchyme caused abnormal lumen shape and altered the direction of its long axis from the dorsal-ventral axis to the left-right axis (i.e., perpendicular to the dorsal-ventral axis). Despite these morphological defects, epithelia underwent normal differentiation into secretory and ciliated cells in the oviduct and glandular epithelial cells in the uterus. These results demonstrated that Amhr2+ mesenchyme can direct female reproductive tract morphogenesis by regulating epithelial proliferation and lumen shape without affecting the differentiation of epithelial cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Jia
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jillian Wilbourne
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - McKenna J Crossen
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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12
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Abdelhakeem F, Mohamed SA, Mohammed AK, Madkour FA. Tracking the developmental events in the duodenum of the quail embryo: Using light and electron microscope. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:2965-2983. [PMID: 35557020 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study described the full morphology of the duodenum of the Japanese quail during the embryonic stage from 3rd day of incubation till hatching using the light and electron (scanning and transmission) microscope. The specimens were collected, analyzed and described anatomically, morphometrically and microscopically. The first recognition of the prospective duodenum was at the 4th day of incubation and developed continuously by age progression. The prospective duodenum consisted of a flat pseudostratified epithelium, mesenchyme and covering mesothelium. On day 8th of incubation, the epithelium developed three evaginations lead to formation three previllous ridges protruding inside the duodenal lumen, which later at the 9th day differentiated into numbers of projections; villi. On the 9th day, the epithelium lined the villi transformed into a simple columnar type, the duodenal villi appeared as pyramidal-shaped projections, had wide base and narrow apex and by age progression, the duodenal villi went through changes in number, size and shape. On hatching day, the duodenal epithelium consisted of enterocytes interspersed with secretory goblet cells, which stained positive for both Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) and Alcian blue AB and represented filled with metachromatic granules. The muscular wall started as mesenchymal condensation on the 6th day then differentiated into the circular smooth muscle layer on the 9th day of incubation. Giving detailed information about the morphological development of the duodenum during the incubation period of quail embryo helps in reaching a satisfactory explanation about how the duodenum plays a vital role in digestion, absorption and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Abdelhakeem
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Salma A Mohamed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | | | - Fatma A Madkour
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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13
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Gao F, Li C, Danopoulos S, Al Alam D, Peinado N, Webster S, Borok Z, Kohbodi GA, Bellusci S, Minoo P. Hedgehog-responsive PDGFRa(+) fibroblasts maintain a unique pool of alveolar epithelial progenitor cells during alveologenesis. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110608. [PMID: 35385750 PMCID: PMC9199394 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung alveolus is lined with alveolar type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) epithelial cells. During alveologenesis, increasing demand associated with expanding alveolar numbers is met by proliferating progenitor AT2s (pAT2). Little information exists regarding the identity of this population and their niche microenvironment. We show that during alveologenesis, Hedgehog-responsive PDGFRa(+) progenitors (also known as SCMFs) are a source of secreted trophic molecules that maintain a unique pAT2 population. SCMFs are in turn maintained by TGFβ signaling. Compound inactivation of Alk5 TβR2 in SCMFs reduced their numbers and depleted the pAT2 pool without impacting differentiation of daughter cells. In lungs of preterm infants who died with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, PDGFRa is reduced and the number of proliferative AT2s is diminished, indicating that an evolutionarily conserved mechanism governs pAT2 behavior during alveologenesis. SCMFs are a transient cell population, active only during alveologenesis, making them a unique stage-specific niche mesodermal cell type in mammalian organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, LAC+USC Medical Center and Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Changgong Li
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, LAC+USC Medical Center and Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Soula Danopoulos
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Denise Al Alam
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Neil Peinado
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, LAC+USC Medical Center and Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Sha Webster
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, LAC+USC Medical Center and Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Zea Borok
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - GoleNaz Adeli Kohbodi
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, LAC+USC Medical Center and Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, LAC+USC Medical Center and Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Parviz Minoo
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, LAC+USC Medical Center and Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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14
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Abstract
Intestinal epithelium represents a dynamic and diverse cellular system that continuously interacts with gut commensals and external cues. Intestinal stem cells, which lie at the heart of epithelial renewal and turnover, proliferate to maintain a steady stem cell population and differentiate to form functional epithelial cell types. This rather sophisticated assembly-line is maintained by an elaborate micro-environment, sculpted by a myriad of host and gut microbiota-derived signals, forming an intestinal stem cell niche. This complex, yet crucial signaling niche undergoes dynamic changes during homeostasis and chronic intestinal inflammation. Inflammatory bowel disease refers to a chronic inflammatory response toward pathogenic or commensal microbiota, in a genetically susceptible host. Compositional and functional alterations in gut microbiota are pathognomonic of IBD.The present review highlights the modulatory role of gut microbiota on the intestinal stem cell niche during homeostasis and inflammatory bowel disease. We discuss the mechanisms of direct action of gut commensals (through microbiota-derived or microbiota-influenced metabolites) on ISCs, followed by their effects via other epithelial and immune cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasvini Markandey
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aditya Bajaj
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Saurabh Kedia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Simon Travis
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Fiona Powrie
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vineet Ahuja
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India,CONTACT Vineet Ahuja Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, 110029
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15
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Tsujikawa K, Saito K, Nagasaka A, Miyata T. Developmentally interdependent stretcher-compressor relationship between the embryonic brain and the surrounding scalp in the preosteogenic head. Dev Dyn 2022; 251:1107-1122. [PMID: 34997665 PMCID: PMC9306662 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background How developing brains mechanically interact with the surrounding embryonic scalp layers (ie, epidermal and mesenchymal) in the preosteogenic head remains unknown. Between embryonic day (E) 11 and E13 in mice, before ossification starts in the skull vault, the angle between the pons and the medulla decreases, raising the possibility that when the elastic scalp is directly pushed outward by the growing brain and thus stretched, it recoils inward in response, thereby confining and folding the brain. Results Stress‐release tests showed that the E11‐13 scalp recoiled and that the in vivo prestretch prerequisite for this recoil was physically dependent on the brain (pressurization at 77‐93 Pa) and on actomyosin and elastin within the scalp. In scalp‐removed heads, brainstem folding was reduced, and the spreading of ink from the lateral ventricle to the spinal cord that occurred in scalp‐intact embryos (with >5 μL injection) was lost, suggesting roles of the embryonic scalp in brain morphogenesis and cerebrospinal fluid homeostasis. Under nonstretched conditions, scalp cell proliferation declined, while the restretching of the shrunken scalp rescued scalp cell proliferation. Conclusions In the embryonic mouse head before ossification, a stretcher‐compressor relationship elastically develops between the brain and the scalp, underlying their mechanically interdependent development. Brain and scalp are in a stretcher‐compressor relationship in preosteogenic embryonic head. Elastase and myosin blocker weaken scalp's elasticity and contractility. Scalp's confinement supports brain morphogenesis and cerebrospinal fluid homeostasis. Brain expansion supports scalp cells' stretch‐dependent proliferation. Mechanical brain‐scalp confrontation occurs at 77~93 Pa at embryonic day 13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Tsujikawa
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kanako Saito
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Arata Nagasaka
- Division of Anatomy, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
| | - Takaki Miyata
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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16
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Eicher AK, Kechele DO, Sundaram N, Berns HM, Poling HM, Haines LE, Sanchez JG, Kishimoto K, Krishnamurthy M, Han L, Zorn AM, Helmrath MA, Wells JM. Functional human gastrointestinal organoids can be engineered from three primary germ layers derived separately from pluripotent stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:36-51.e6. [PMID: 34856121 PMCID: PMC8741755 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human organoid model systems lack important cell types that, in the embryo, are incorporated into organ tissues during development. We developed an organoid assembly approach starting with cells from the three primary germ layers-enteric neuroglial, mesenchymal, and epithelial precursors-that were derived separately from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). From these three cell types, we generated human antral and fundic gastric tissue containing differentiated glands surrounded by layers of smooth muscle containing functional enteric neurons that controlled contractions of the engineered antral tissue. Using this experimental system, we show that human enteric neural crest cells (ENCCs) promote mesenchyme development and glandular morphogenesis of antral stomach organoids. Moreover, ENCCs can act directly on the foregut to promote a posterior fate, resulting in organoids with a Brunner's gland phenotype. Thus, germ layer components that are derived separately from PSCs can be used for tissue engineering to generate complex human organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra K. Eicher
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA,Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM),Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Daniel O. Kechele
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM),Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Nambirajan Sundaram
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM),Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - H. Matthew Berns
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM),Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Holly M. Poling
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM),Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Lauren E. Haines
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM),Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - J. Guillermo Sanchez
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA,Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM),Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Keishi Kishimoto
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA,CuSTOM-RIKEN BDR Collaborative Laboratory, CCHMC, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA,Laboratory for Lung Development, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Mansa Krishnamurthy
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM),Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Lu Han
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM),Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Aaron M. Zorn
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM),Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Michael A. Helmrath
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM),Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - James M. Wells
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM),Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA,Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA,Lead Contact and Corresponding Author,Corresponding Author’s:
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17
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Nasri A, Foisset F, Ahmed E, Lahmar Z, Vachier I, Jorgensen C, Assou S, Bourdin A, De Vos J. Roles of Mesenchymal Cells in the Lung: From Lung Development to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Cells 2021; 10:3467. [PMID: 34943975 PMCID: PMC8700565 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal cells are an essential cell type because of their role in tissue support, their multilineage differentiation capacities and their potential clinical applications. They play a crucial role during lung development by interacting with airway epithelium, and also during lung regeneration and remodeling after injury. However, much less is known about their function in lung disease. In this review, we discuss the origins of mesenchymal cells during lung development, their crosstalk with the epithelium, and their role in lung diseases, particularly in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Nasri
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (A.N.); (F.F.); (C.J.); (S.A.)
| | - Florent Foisset
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (A.N.); (F.F.); (C.J.); (S.A.)
| | - Engi Ahmed
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (E.A.); (Z.L.); (I.V.); (A.B.)
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Zakaria Lahmar
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (E.A.); (Z.L.); (I.V.); (A.B.)
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Vachier
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (E.A.); (Z.L.); (I.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (A.N.); (F.F.); (C.J.); (S.A.)
| | - Said Assou
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (A.N.); (F.F.); (C.J.); (S.A.)
| | - Arnaud Bourdin
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (E.A.); (Z.L.); (I.V.); (A.B.)
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - John De Vos
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (A.N.); (F.F.); (C.J.); (S.A.)
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Université de Montpellier, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
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18
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Ishan M, Chen G, Yu W, Wang Z, Giovannini M, Cao X, Liu HX. Deletion of Nf2 in neural crest-derived tongue mesenchyme alters tongue shape and size, Hippo signalling and cell proliferation in a region- and stage-specific manner. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13144. [PMID: 34697858 PMCID: PMC8666282 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The mammalian tongue develops from the branchial arches (1–4) and comprises highly organized tissues compartmentalized by mesenchyme/connective tissue that is largely derived from neural crest (NC). This study aimed to understand the roles of tumour suppressor Neurofibromin 2 (Nf2) in NC‐derived tongue mesenchyme in regulating Hippo signalling and cell proliferation for the proper development of tongue shape and size. Materials and methods Conditional knockout (cKO) of Nf2 in NC cell lineage was generated using Wnt1‐Cre (Wnt1‐Cre/Nf2cKO). Nf2 expression, Hippo signalling activities, cell proliferation and tongue shape and size were thoroughly analysed in different tongue regions and tissue types of Wnt1‐Cre/Nf2cKO and Cre‐/Nf2fx/fx littermates at various stages (E10.5–E18.5). Results In contrast to many other organs in which the Nf2/Hippo pathway activity restrains growth and cell proliferation and as a result, loss of Nf2 decreases Hippo pathway activity and promotes an enlarged organ development, here we report our observations of distinct, tongue region‐ and stage‐specific alterations of Hippo signalling activity and cell proliferation in Nf2cKO in NC‐derived tongue mesenchyme. Compared to Cre−/Nf2fx/fx littermates, Wnt1‐Cre/Nf2cKO depicted a non‐proportionally enlarged tongue (macroglossia) at E12.5–E13.5 and microglossia at later stages (E15.5–E18.5). Specifically, at E12.5 Nf2cKO mutants had a decreased level of Hippo signalling transcription factor Yes‐associated protein (Yap), Yap target genes and cell proliferation anteriorly, while having an increased Yap, Yap target genes and cell proliferation posteriorly, which lead to a tip‐pointed and posteriorly widened tongue. At E15.5, loss of Nf2 in the NC lineage resulted in distinct changes in cell proliferation in different regions, that is, high in epithelium and mesenchyme subjacent to the epithelium, and lower in deeper layers of the mesenchyme. At E18.5, cell proliferation was reduced throughout the Nf2cKO tongue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ishan
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Guiqian Chen
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Wenxin Yu
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Zhonghou Wang
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Marco Giovannini
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xinwei Cao
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hong-Xiang Liu
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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19
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Marotta P, Salatiello F, Ambrosino L, Berruto F, Chiusano ML, Locascio A. The Ascidia Ciona robusta Provides Novel Insights on the Evolution of the AP-1 Transcriptional Complex. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:709696. [PMID: 34414189 PMCID: PMC8369891 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.709696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Activator Protein-1 transcription factor family (AP-1) transcriptional complex is historically defined as an early response group of transcription factors formed by dimeric complexes of the Jun, Fos, Atf, and Maf bZIP proteins that control cell proliferation and differentiation by regulating gene expression. It has been greatly investigated in many model organisms across metazoan evolution. Nevertheless, its complexity and variability of action made its multiple functions difficult to be defined. Here, we place the foundations for understanding the complexity of AP-1 transcriptional members in tunicates. We investigated the gene members of this family in the ascidian Ciona robusta and identified single copies of Jun, Fos, Atf3, Atf2/7, and Maf bZIP-related factors that could have a role in the formation of the AP-1 complex. We highlight that mesenchyme is a common cellular population where all these factors are expressed during embryonic development, and that, moreover, Fos shows a wider pattern of expression including also notochord and neural cells. By ectopic expression in transgenic embryos of Jun and Fos genes alone or in combination, we investigated the phenotypic alterations induced by these factors and highlighted a degree of functional conservation of the AP-1 complex between Ciona and vertebrates. The lack of gene redundancy and the first pieces of evidence of conserved functions in the control of cell movements and structural organization exerted by these factors open the way for using Ciona as a helpful model system to uncover the multiple potentialities of this highly complex family of bZIP transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pina Marotta
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Naples, Italy.,Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Salatiello
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Ambrosino
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Berruto
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Chiusano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Naples, Italy.,Department of Agriculture, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Annamaria Locascio
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Naples, Italy
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20
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Cordero-Espinoza L, Dowbaj AM, Kohler TN, Strauss B, Sarlidou O, Belenguer G, Pacini C, Martins NP, Dobie R, Wilson-Kanamori JR, Butler R, Prior N, Serup P, Jug F, Henderson NC, Hollfelder F, Huch M. Dynamic cell contacts between periportal mesenchyme and ductal epithelium act as a rheostat for liver cell proliferation. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:1907-1921.e8. [PMID: 34343491 PMCID: PMC8577825 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the liver, ductal cells rarely proliferate during homeostasis but do so transiently after tissue injury. These cells can be expanded as organoids that recapitulate several of the cell-autonomous mechanisms of regeneration but lack the stromal interactions of the native tissue. Here, using organoid co-cultures that recapitulate the ductal-to-mesenchymal cell architecture of the portal tract, we demonstrate that a subpopulation of mouse periportal mesenchymal cells exerts dual control on proliferation of the epithelium. Ductal cell proliferation is either induced and sustained or, conversely, completely abolished, depending on the number of direct mesenchymal cell contacts, through a mechanism mediated, at least in part, by Notch signaling. Our findings expand the concept of the cellular niche in epithelial tissues, whereby not only soluble factors but also cell-cell contacts are the key regulatory cues involved in the control of cellular behaviors, suggesting a critical role for cell-cell contacts during regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Cordero-Espinoza
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Anna M Dowbaj
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Timo N Kohler
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Bernhard Strauss
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Olga Sarlidou
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - German Belenguer
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Clare Pacini
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Nuno P Martins
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Ross Dobie
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - John R Wilson-Kanamori
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Richard Butler
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Nicole Prior
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Palle Serup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Florian Jug
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Neil C Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Florian Hollfelder
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, Germany.
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21
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Shaw IW, O'Sullivan ED, Pisco AO, Borthwick G, Gallagher KM, Péault B, Hughes J, Ferenbach DA. Aging modulates the effects of ischemic injury upon mesenchymal cells within the renal interstitium and microvasculature. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:1232-1248. [PMID: 33951342 PMCID: PMC8284778 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The renal mesenchyme contains heterogeneous cells, including interstitial fibroblasts and pericytes, with key roles in wound healing. Although healing is impaired in aged kidneys, the effect of age and injury on the mesenchyme remains poorly understood. We characterized renal mesenchymal cell heterogeneity in young vs old animals and after ischemia‐reperfusion‐injury (IRI) using multiplex immunolabeling and single cell transcriptomics. Expression patterns of perivascular cell markers (α‐SMA, CD146, NG2, PDGFR‐α, and PDGFR‐β) correlated with their interstitial location. PDGFR‐α and PDGFR‐β co‐expression labeled renal myofibroblasts more efficiently than the current standard marker α‐SMA, and CD146 was a superior murine renal pericyte marker. Three renal mesenchymal subtypes; pericytes, fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts, were recapitulated with data from two independently performed single cell transcriptomic analyzes of murine kidneys, the first dataset an aging cohort and the second dataset injured kidneys following IRI. Mesenchymal cells segregated into subtypes with distinct patterns of expression with aging and following injury. Baseline uninjured old kidneys resembled post‐ischemic young kidneys, with this phenotype further exaggerated following IRI. These studies demonstrate that age modulates renal perivascular/interstitial cell marker expression and transcriptome at baseline and in response to injury and provide tools for the histological and transcriptomic analysis of renal mesenchymal cells, paving the way for more accurate classification of renal mesenchymal cell heterogeneity and identification of age‐specific pathways and targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac W Shaw
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eoin D O'Sullivan
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Gary Borthwick
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kevin M Gallagher
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bruno Péault
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center and Broad Stem Cell Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jeremy Hughes
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David A Ferenbach
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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22
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Grati FR, Malvestiti F, Gallazzi G, Saragozza S, Grimi B, Agrati C, Branca L, Palumbo F, Trotta A, Chinetti S, Simoni G, Ferreira J, Benn P. Performance of conventional cytogenetic analysis on chorionic villi when only one cell layer, cytotrophoblast or mesenchyme alone, is analyzed. Prenat Diagn 2021; 41:652-660. [PMID: 33782989 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide an estimation of the probability of error when chorionic villi (CV) cytogenetic analysis is limited to a single placental layer; either a direct preparation (Dir) or long-term culture (LTC). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed cytogenetic studies on 81,593 consecutive CV samples in which both Dir and LTC were analyzed. All mosaic cases received amniocentesis. The false omission and false discovery rates were calculated by assessing the results that would have been reported when analysis was limited to either Dir or LTC. RESULTS For all abnormalities combined, the proportion of normal Dir or LTC only reports that would have been inconsistent with a subsequent amniocentesis was 0.09% and 0.03%, respectively (false omissions). Among abnormal reports based on Dir or LTC alone, 8.01% and 3.17%, respectively, would be inconsistent with a subsequent amniocentesis result (false discoveries). Differences are present for individual abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS From the perspective of identifying all abnormalities of potential clinical significance, the analysis of both placental layers is optimal. LTC alone is the preferred approach if only one layer of placenta is to be analyzed. Although rare, it is important to acknowledge that one cell layer analysis alone can cause misdiagnosis due to undetected mosaicism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Romana Grati
- Unit of Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Medical Genetics TOMA, Advanced Biomedical Assays, Impact Lab, Varese, Italy
| | - Francesca Malvestiti
- Unit of Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Medical Genetics TOMA, Advanced Biomedical Assays, Impact Lab, Varese, Italy
| | - Gloria Gallazzi
- Unit of Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Medical Genetics TOMA, Advanced Biomedical Assays, Impact Lab, Varese, Italy
| | - Silvia Saragozza
- Unit of Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Medical Genetics TOMA, Advanced Biomedical Assays, Impact Lab, Varese, Italy
| | - Beatrice Grimi
- Unit of Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Medical Genetics TOMA, Advanced Biomedical Assays, Impact Lab, Varese, Italy
| | - Cristina Agrati
- Unit of Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Medical Genetics TOMA, Advanced Biomedical Assays, Impact Lab, Varese, Italy
| | - Lara Branca
- Unit of Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Medical Genetics TOMA, Advanced Biomedical Assays, Impact Lab, Varese, Italy
| | - Federica Palumbo
- Unit of Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Medical Genetics TOMA, Advanced Biomedical Assays, Impact Lab, Varese, Italy
| | - Anna Trotta
- Unit of Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Medical Genetics TOMA, Advanced Biomedical Assays, Impact Lab, Varese, Italy
| | - Sara Chinetti
- Unit of Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Medical Genetics TOMA, Advanced Biomedical Assays, Impact Lab, Varese, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Simoni
- Unit of Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Medical Genetics TOMA, Advanced Biomedical Assays, Impact Lab, Varese, Italy
| | - Jose Ferreira
- Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maputo Central Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Peter Benn
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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23
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Lee SW, Kim J, Cong X, Yu GY, Ryu JH, Park K. Efficient Surface Immobilization of Chemically Modified Hyaluronans for Enhanced Bioactivity and Survival of In Vitro-Cultured Embryonic Salivary Gland Mesenchymal Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1216. [PMID: 33918722 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic salivary gland mesenchyme (eSGM) secretes various growth factors (bioactives) that support the proper growth and differentiation of salivary gland epithelium. Therefore, eSGM cells can be used as feeder cells for in vitro-cultured artificial salivary gland if their survival and bioactivity are properly maintained. As eSGM is encapsulated in a hyaluronan (HA)-rich developmental milieu, we hypothesized that mimicking this environment in vitro via surface immobilization of HA might enhance survival and bioactivity of eSGM. In this study, various HA derivatives, conjugated with catechol (HA–CA), thiol (HA–SH), or amine (HA–EDA) moieties, respectively, were screened for their efficacy of culturing eSGM-derived feeder cells in vitro. Among these HA derivatives, HA–CA showed the highest surface coating efficiency and growth enhancement effect on the embryonic submandibular gland. In addition, the HA–CA coating enhanced the production of growth factors EGF and FGF7, but not FGF10. These effects were maintained when eSGM cells isolated from the embryonic salivary gland were re-seeded to develop the feeder layer cells. CD44s (a major HA receptor) in eSGM cells were clustered at the cell membrane, and enhanced EGF expression was detected only in CD44 cluster-positive cells, suggesting that membrane clustering of CD44 is the key mechanism for the increased expression of EGF.
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24
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Trakanant S, Nihara J, Nagai T, Kawasaki M, Kawasaki K, Ishida Y, Meguro F, Kudo T, Yamada A, Maeda T, Saito I, Ohazama A. MicroRNAs regulate distal region of mandibular development through Hh signaling. J Anat 2021; 238:711-719. [PMID: 33011977 PMCID: PMC7855062 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mandibular anomalies are often seen in various congenital diseases, indicating that mandibular development is under strict molecular control. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in mandibular development. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding small single-stranded RNAs that play a critical role in regulating the level of gene expression. We found that the mesenchymal conditional deletion of miRNAs arising from a lack of Dicer (an essential molecule for miRNA processing, Dicerfl/fl ;Wnt1Cre), led to an abnormal groove formation at the distal end of developing mandibles. At E10.5, when the region forms, inhibitors of Hh signaling, Ptch1 and Hhip1 showed increased expression at the region in Dicer mutant mandibles, while Gli1 (a major mediator of Hh signaling) was significantly downregulated in mutant mandibles. These suggest that Hh signaling was downregulated at the distal end of Dicer mutant mandibles by increased inhibitors. To understand whether the abnormal groove formation inDicer mutant mandibles was caused by the downregulation of Hh signaling, mice with a mesenchymal deletion of Hh signaling activity arising from a lack of Smo (an essential molecule for Hh signaling activation, Smofl/fl ;Wnt1Cre) were examined. Smofl/fl ;Wnt1Cre mice showed a similar phenotype in the distal region of their mandibles to those in Dicerfl/fl ;Wnt1Cre mice. We also found that approximately 400 miRNAs were expressed in wild-type mandibular mesenchymes at E10.5, and six microRNAs were identified as miRNAs with binding potential against both Ptch1 and Hhip1. Their expressions at the distal end of the mandible were confirmed by in situ hybridization. This indicates that microRNAs regulate the distal part of mandibular formation at an early stage of development by involving Hh signaling activity through controlling its inhibitor expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supaluk Trakanant
- Division of Oral AnatomyFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan,Division of OrthodonticsFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Jun Nihara
- Division of Oral AnatomyFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan,Division of OrthodonticsFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Takahiro Nagai
- Division of Oral AnatomyFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Maiko Kawasaki
- Division of Oral AnatomyFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Katsushige Kawasaki
- Division of Oral AnatomyFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan,Center for Advanced Oral ScienceFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Yoko Ishida
- Center for Advanced Oral ScienceFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Fumiya Meguro
- Division of Oral AnatomyFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Takehisa Kudo
- Division of Oral AnatomyFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan,Division of OrthodonticsFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Akane Yamada
- Division of Oral AnatomyFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Takeyasu Maeda
- Division of Oral AnatomyFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Isao Saito
- Division of OrthodonticsFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Atsushi Ohazama
- Division of Oral AnatomyFaculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
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25
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Hooper JE, Jones KL, Smith FJ, Williams T, Li H. An Alternative Splicing Program for Mouse Craniofacial Development. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1099. [PMID: 33013468 PMCID: PMC7498679 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing acts as a fundamental mechanism to increase the number of functional transcripts that can be derived from the genome - and its appropriate regulation is required to direct normal development, differentiation, and physiology, in many species. Recent studies have highlighted that mutation of splicing factors, resulting in the disruption of alternative splicing, can have profound consequences for mammalian craniofacial development. However, there has been no systematic analysis of the dynamics of differential splicing during the critical period of face formation with respect to age, tissue layer, or prominence. Here we used deep RNA sequencing to profile transcripts expressed in the developing mouse face for both ectodermal and mesenchymal tissues from the three facial prominences at critical ages for facial development, embryonic days 10.5, 11.5, and 12.5. We also derived separate expression data from the nasal pit relating to the differentiation of the olfactory epithelium for a total of 60 independent datasets. Analysis of these datasets reveals the differential expression of multiple genes, but we find a similar number of genes are regulated only via differential splicing, indicating that alternative splicing is a major source of transcript diversity during facial development. Notably, splicing changes between tissue layers and over time are more prevalent than between prominences, with exon skipping the most common event. We next examined how the variation in splicing correlated with the expression of RNA binding proteins across the various datasets. Further, we assessed how binding sites for splicing regulatory molecules mapped with respect to intron exon boundaries. Overall these studies help define an alternative splicing regulatory program that has important consequences for facial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan E. Hooper
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kenneth L. Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Francis J. Smith
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado School of Dental Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Trevor Williams
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado School of Dental Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado School of Dental Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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26
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Abbasi S, Sinha S, Labit E, Rosin NL, Yoon G, Rahmani W, Jaffer A, Sharma N, Hagner A, Shah P, Arora R, Yoon J, Islam A, Uchida A, Chang CK, Stratton JA, Scott RW, Rossi FMV, Underhill TM, Biernaskie J. Distinct Regulatory Programs Control the Latent Regenerative Potential of Dermal Fibroblasts during Wound Healing. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 27:396-412.e6. [PMID: 32755548 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Dermal fibroblasts exhibit considerable heterogeneity during homeostasis and in response to injury. Defining lineage origins of reparative fibroblasts and regulatory programs that drive fibrosis or, conversely, promote regeneration will be essential for improving healing outcomes. Using complementary fate-mapping approaches, we show that hair follicle mesenchymal progenitors make limited contributions to wound repair. In contrast, extrafollicular progenitors marked by the quiescence-associated factor Hic1 generated the bulk of reparative fibroblasts and exhibited functional divergence, mediating regeneration in the center of the wound neodermis and scar formation in the periphery. Single-cell RNA-seq revealed unique transcriptional, regulatory, and epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk signatures that enabled mesenchymal competence for regeneration. Integration with scATAC-seq highlighted changes in chromatin accessibility within regeneration-associated loci. Finally, pharmacological modulation of RUNX1 and retinoic acid signaling or genetic deletion of Hic1 within wound-activated fibroblasts was sufficient to modulate healing outcomes, suggesting that reparative fibroblasts have latent but modifiable regenerative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Abbasi
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Sarthak Sinha
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Elodie Labit
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Nicole L Rosin
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Grace Yoon
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Waleed Rahmani
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Arzina Jaffer
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Nilesh Sharma
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Andrew Hagner
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Prajay Shah
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Rohit Arora
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jessica Yoon
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Anowara Islam
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Aya Uchida
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Chih Kai Chang
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jo Anne Stratton
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - R Wilder Scott
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fabio M V Rossi
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - T Michael Underhill
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jeff Biernaskie
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
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27
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Svandova E, Peterkova R, Matalova E, Lesot H. Formation and Developmental Specification of the Odontogenic and Osteogenic Mesenchymes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:640. [PMID: 32850793 PMCID: PMC7396701 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the mandible, the odontogenic and osteogenic mesenchymes develop in a close proximity and form at about the same time. They both originate from the cranial neural crest. These two condensing ecto-mesenchymes are soon separated from each other by a very loose interstitial mesenchyme, whose cells do not express markers suggesting a neural crest origin. The two condensations give rise to mineralized tissues while the loose interstitial mesenchyme, remains as a soft tissue. This is crucial for proper anchorage of mammalian teeth. The situation in all three regions of the mesenchyme was compared with regard to cell heterogeneity. As the development progresses, the early phenotypic differences and the complexity in cell heterogeneity increases. The differences reported here and their evolution during development progressively specifies each of the three compartments. The aim of this review was to discuss the mechanisms underlying condensation in both the odontogenic and osteogenic compartments as well as the progressive differentiation of all three mesenchymes during development. Very early, they show physical and structural differences including cell density, shape and organization as well as the secretion of three distinct matrices, two of which will mineralize. Based on these data, this review highlights the consecutive differences in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, which support the cohesion as well as mechanosensing and mechanotransduction. These are involved in the conversion of mechanical energy into biochemical signals, cytoskeletal rearrangements cell differentiation, or collective cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Svandova
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Renata Peterkova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Eva Matalova
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Herve Lesot
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
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28
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Holmes G, Gonzalez-Reiche AS, Lu N, Zhou X, Rivera J, Kriti D, Sebra R, Williams AA, Donovan MJ, Potter SS, Pinto D, Zhang B, van Bakel H, Jabs EW. Integrated Transcriptome and Network Analysis Reveals Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Calvarial Suturogenesis. Cell Rep 2020; 32:107871. [PMID: 32640236 PMCID: PMC7379176 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial abnormalities often involve sutures, the growth centers of the skull. To characterize the organization and processes governing their development, we profile the murine frontal suture, a model for sutural growth and fusion, at the tissue- and single-cell level on embryonic days (E)16.5 and E18.5. For the wild-type suture, bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis identifies mesenchyme-, osteogenic front-, and stage-enriched genes and biological processes, as well as alternative splicing events modifying the extracellular matrix. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis distinguishes multiple subpopulations, of which five define a mesenchyme-osteoblast differentiation trajectory and show variation along the anteroposterior axis. Similar analyses of in vivo mouse models of impaired frontal suturogenesis in Saethre-Chotzen and Apert syndromes, Twist1+/- and Fgfr2+/S252W, demonstrate distinct transcriptional changes involving angiogenesis and ribogenesis, respectively. Co-expression network analysis reveals gene expression modules from which we validate key driver genes regulating osteoblast differentiation. Our study provides a global approach to gain insights into suturogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Holmes
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Ana S Gonzalez-Reiche
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Na Lu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Xianxiao Zhou
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Joshua Rivera
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Divya Kriti
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Robert Sebra
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Anthony A Williams
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Michael J Donovan
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - S Steven Potter
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Dalila Pinto
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Psychiatry, and Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Harm van Bakel
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Ethylin Wang Jabs
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology and Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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29
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Hough KP, Curtiss ML, Blain TJ, Liu RM, Trevor J, Deshane JS, Thannickal VJ. Airway Remodeling in Asthma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:191. [PMID: 32509793 PMCID: PMC7253669 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways that may result from exposure to allergens or other environmental irritants, resulting in bronchoconstriction, wheezing, and shortness of breath. The structural changes of the airways associated with asthma, broadly referred to as airway remodeling, is a pathological feature of chronic asthma that contributes to the clinical manifestations of the disease. Airway remodeling in asthma constitutes cellular and extracellular matrix changes in the large and small airways, epithelial cell apoptosis, airway smooth muscle cell proliferation, and fibroblast activation. These pathological changes in the airway are orchestrated by crosstalk of different cell types within the airway wall and submucosa. Environmental exposures to dust, chemicals, and cigarette smoke can initiate the cascade of pro-inflammatory responses that trigger airway remodeling through paracrine signaling and mechanostimulatory cues that drive airway remodeling. In this review, we explore three integrated and dynamic processes in airway remodeling: (1) initiation by epithelial cells; (2) amplification by immune cells; and (3) mesenchymal effector functions. Furthermore, we explore the role of inflammaging in the dysregulated and persistent inflammatory response that perpetuates airway remodeling in elderly asthmatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth P Hough
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Miranda L Curtiss
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Trevor J Blain
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Rui-Ming Liu
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jennifer Trevor
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jessy S Deshane
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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30
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McCarthy N, Manieri E, Storm EE, Saadatpour A, Luoma AM, Kapoor VN, Madha S, Gaynor LT, Cox C, Keerthivasan S, Wucherpfennig K, Yuan GC, de Sauvage FJ, Turley SJ, Shivdasani RA. Distinct Mesenchymal Cell Populations Generate the Essential Intestinal BMP Signaling Gradient. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:391-402.e5. [PMID: 32084389 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are confined to crypt bottoms and their progeny differentiate near crypt-villus junctions. Wnt and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) gradients drive this polarity, and colorectal cancer fundamentally reflects disruption of this homeostatic signaling. However, sub-epithelial sources of crucial agonists and antagonists that organize this BMP gradient remain obscure. Here, we couple whole-mount high-resolution microscopy with ensemble and single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify three distinct PDGFRA+ mesenchymal cell types. PDGFRA(hi) telocytes are especially abundant at the villus base and provide a BMP reservoir, and we identified a CD81+ PDGFRA(lo) population present just below crypts that secretes the BMP antagonist Gremlin1. These cells, referred to as trophocytes, are sufficient to expand ISCs in vitro without additional trophic support and contribute to ISC maintenance in vivo. This study reveals intestinal mesenchymal structure at fine anatomic, molecular, and functional detail and the cellular basis for a signaling gradient necessary for tissue self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil McCarthy
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elisa Manieri
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elaine E Storm
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Assieh Saadatpour
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Adrienne M Luoma
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Varun N Kapoor
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Shariq Madha
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Liam T Gaynor
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Graduate Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christian Cox
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Shilpa Keerthivasan
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Kai Wucherpfennig
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Guo-Cheng Yuan
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Shannon J Turley
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ramesh A Shivdasani
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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31
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Brooks PM, Rose KP, MacRae ML, Rangoussis KM, Gurjar M, Hertzano R, Coate TM. Pou3f4-expressing otic mesenchyme cells promote spiral ganglion neuron survival in the postnatal mouse cochlea. J Comp Neurol 2020; 528:1967-1985. [PMID: 31994726 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During inner ear development, primary auditory neurons named spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) are surrounded by otic mesenchyme cells, which express the transcription factor Pou3f4. Mutations in Pou3f4 are associated with DFNX2, the most common form of X-linked deafness and typically include developmental malformations of the middle ear and inner ear. It is known that interactions between Pou3f4-expressing mesenchyme cells and SGNs are important for proper axon bundling during development. However, Pou3f4 continues to be expressed through later phases of development, and potential interactions between Pou3f4 and SGNs during this period had not been explored. To address this, we documented Pou3f4 protein expression in the early postnatal mouse cochlea and compared SGNs in Pou3f4 knockout mice and littermate controls. In Pou3f4y/- mice, SGN density begins to decline by the end of the first postnatal week, with approximately 25% of SGNs ultimately lost. This period of SGN loss in Pou3f4y/- cochleae coincides with significant elevations in SGN apoptosis. Interestingly, this period also coincides with the presence of a transient population of Pou3f4-expressing cells around and within the spiral ganglion. To determine if Pou3f4 is normally required for SGN peripheral axon extension into the sensory domain, we used a genetic sparse labeling approach to track SGNs and found no differences compared with controls. We also found that Pou3f4 loss did not lead to changes in the proportions of Type I SGN subtypes. Overall, these data suggest that otic mesenchyme cells may play a role in maintaining SGN populations during the early postnatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige M Brooks
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Kevin P Rose
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Meaghan L MacRae
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | - Mansa Gurjar
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Ronna Hertzano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland.,Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thomas M Coate
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
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32
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Dobie R, Wilson-Kanamori JR, Henderson BEP, Smith JR, Matchett KP, Portman JR, Wallenborg K, Picelli S, Zagorska A, Pendem SV, Hudson TE, Wu MM, Budas GR, Breckenridge DG, Harrison EM, Mole DJ, Wigmore SJ, Ramachandran P, Ponting CP, Teichmann SA, Marioni JC, Henderson NC. Single-Cell Transcriptomics Uncovers Zonation of Function in the Mesenchyme during Liver Fibrosis. Cell Rep 2019; 29:1832-1847.e8. [PMID: 31722201 PMCID: PMC6856722 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Iterative liver injury results in progressive fibrosis disrupting hepatic architecture, regeneration potential, and liver function. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are a major source of pathological matrix during fibrosis and are thought to be a functionally homogeneous population. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing to deconvolve the hepatic mesenchyme in healthy and fibrotic mouse liver, revealing spatial zonation of HSCs across the hepatic lobule. Furthermore, we show that HSCs partition into topographically diametric lobule regions, designated portal vein-associated HSCs (PaHSCs) and central vein-associated HSCs (CaHSCs). Importantly we uncover functional zonation, identifying CaHSCs as the dominant pathogenic collagen-producing cells in a mouse model of centrilobular fibrosis. Finally, we identify LPAR1 as a therapeutic target on collagen-producing CaHSCs, demonstrating that blockade of LPAR1 inhibits liver fibrosis in a rodent NASH model. Taken together, our work illustrates the power of single-cell transcriptomics to resolve the key collagen-producing cells driving liver fibrosis with high precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Dobie
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - John R Wilson-Kanamori
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Beth E P Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - James R Smith
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Kylie P Matchett
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Jordan R Portman
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Karolina Wallenborg
- Karolinska Institutet (KI), Science for Life Laboratory, Tomtebodavägen 23, Solna 171 65, Sweden
| | - Simone Picelli
- Karolinska Institutet (KI), Science for Life Laboratory, Tomtebodavägen 23, Solna 171 65, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ewen M Harrison
- Clinical Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK
| | - Damian J Mole
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; Clinical Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK
| | - Stephen J Wigmore
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; Clinical Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK
| | - Prakash Ramachandran
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Chris P Ponting
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK; Theory of Condensed Matter Group, The Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - John C Marioni
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Neil C Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
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33
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Reyes-Ramos AM, Ramos-Cruz KP, Rodríguez-Merced NJ, Martínez-Montemayor MM, Franqui-Ríos ND, Ríos-Grant JP, Flores A, Maldonado-Martínez G, Torres-García W, Domenech M. Mesenchymal Cells Support the Oncogenicity and Therapeutic Response of the Hedgehog Pathway in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101522. [PMID: 31658643 PMCID: PMC6826628 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The paracrine interaction between tumor cells and adjacent stroma has been associated with the oncogenic activity of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway in triple-negative breast tumors. The present study developed a model of paracrine Hh signaling and examined the impact of mesenchymal cell sources and culture modalities in the oncogenicity of the Hh pathway in breast tumor cells. Studies consisted of tumor cell monocultures and co-cultures with cancer-associated and normal fibroblasts, tumor cells that undergo epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), or adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs). Hh ligand and pathway inhibitors, GANT61 and NVP-LDE225 (NVP), were evaluated in both cell cultures and a mouse xenograft model. Results in monocultures show that tumor cell viability and Hh transcriptional activity were not affected by Hh inhibitors. In co-cultures, down-regulation of GLI1, SMO, and PTCH1 in the stroma correlated with reduced tumor growth rates in xenografted tumors and cell cultures, confirming a paracrine interaction. Fibroblasts and EMT cells supported Hh transcriptional activity and enhanced tumor cell growth. Mixed and adjacent culture modalities indicate that tumor growth is supported via fibroblast-secreted soluble factors, whereas enriched tumor stemness requires close proximity between tumor and fibroblasts. Overall this study provides a tumor–mesenchymal model of Hh signaling and highlights the therapeutic value of mesenchymal cells in the oncogenic activity of the Hh pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Reyes-Ramos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Puerto Rico-Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680, USA.
| | - Karla P Ramos-Cruz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Puerto Rico-Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680, USA.
| | | | | | - Nelson D Franqui-Ríos
- Industrial Biotechnology Program, Universidad de Puerto Rico-Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680, USA.
| | - Jan P Ríos-Grant
- Industrial Biotechnology Program, Universidad de Puerto Rico-Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680, USA.
| | - Andrea Flores
- Industrial Biotechnology Program, Universidad de Puerto Rico-Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680, USA.
| | - Gerónimo Maldonado-Martínez
- Data Management and Statistical Research Support Unit, Universidad Central del Caribe, School of Medicine-Bayamón, Bayamón, PR 00956, USA.
- School of Chiropractic, Universidad Central del Caribe, School of Medicine-Bayamón, Bayamón, PR 00956, USA.
| | - Wandaliz Torres-García
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Universidad de Puerto Rico-Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680, USA.
| | - Maribella Domenech
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Puerto Rico-Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680, USA.
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34
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Saatcioglu HD, Kano M, Horn H, Zhang L, Samore W, Nagykery N, Meinsohn MC, Hyun M, Suliman R, Poulo J, Hsu J, Sacha C, Wang D, Gao G, Lage K, Oliva E, Morris Sabatini ME, Donahoe PK, Pépin D. Single-cell sequencing of neonatal uterus reveals an Misr2+ endometrial progenitor indispensable for fertility. eLife 2019; 8:46349. [PMID: 31232694 PMCID: PMC6650247 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mullerian ducts are the anlagen of the female reproductive tract, which regress in the male fetus in response to MIS. This process is driven by subluminal mesenchymal cells expressing Misr2, which trigger the regression of the adjacent Mullerian ductal epithelium. In females, these Misr2+ cells are retained, yet their contribution to the development of the uterus remains unknown. Here, we report that subluminal Misr2+ cells persist postnatally in the uterus of rodents, but recede by week 37 of gestation in humans. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we demonstrate that ectopic postnatal MIS administration inhibits these cells and prevents the formation of endometrial stroma in rodents, suggesting a progenitor function. Exposure to MIS during the first six days of life, by inhibiting specification of the stroma, dysregulates paracrine signals necessary for uterine development, eventually resulting in apoptosis of the Misr2+ cells, uterine hypoplasia, and complete infertility in the adult female. In the womb, mammals possess all of the preliminary sexual structures necessary to become either male or female. This includes the Mullerian duct, which develops into the Fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina in female fetuses. In male fetuses, the testis secretes a hormone called Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS). This triggers the activity of a small group of cells, known as Misr2+ cells, that cause the Mullerian duct to degenerate, preventing males from developing female sexual organs. It was not clear what happens to Misr2+ cells in female fetuses or if they affect how the uterus develops. Saatcioglu et al. now show that in newborn female mice and rats, a type of Misr2+ cell that sits within a thin inner layer of the developing uterus still responds to MIS. At this time, the uterus is in a critical early period of development. Treating the mice and rats with MIS protein during their first six days of life eventually caused the Misr2+ cells to die. The treatment also prevented a layer of connective tissue, known as the endometrial stroma, from forming in the uterus. As a result, the mice and rats were infertile and had severely underdeveloped uteri. While the Misr2+ cells are present in newborn rats and mice, Saatcioglu et al. found that they disappeared before birth in humans. However, the overall results suggest that Misr2+ cells act as progenitor cells that develop into the cells of the endometrial stroma. Future work could investigate the roles these cells play in causing uterine developmental disorders and infertility disorders. Furthermore, the finding that MIS inhibits the Misr2+ cells could help researchers to develop treatments for uterine cancer and other conditions where the cells of the uterus grow and divide too much.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Duygu Saatcioglu
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Motohiro Kano
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Heiko Horn
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Stanley Center, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Wesley Samore
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Nicholas Nagykery
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Marie-Charlotte Meinsohn
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Minsuk Hyun
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Rana Suliman
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Joy Poulo
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Stanley Center, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Jennifer Hsu
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Massachussets General Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Caitlin Sacha
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Massachussets General Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Dan Wang
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Guangping Gao
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Kasper Lage
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Stanley Center, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Esther Oliva
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Mary E Morris Sabatini
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Massachussets General Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Patricia K Donahoe
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - David Pépin
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
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35
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Abstract
In this review, Leach and Morrisey focus on lung regeneration to explore the importance of facultative regeneration controlled by functional and differentiated cell lineages as well as how they are positioned and regulated by distinct tissue niches. Tissue regeneration involves various types of cellular and molecular responses depending on the type of tissue and the injury or disease that is inflicted. While many tissues contain dedicated stem/progenitor cell lineages, many others contain cells that, during homeostasis, are considered physiologically functional and fully differentiated but, after injury or in disease states, exhibit stem/progenitor-like activity. Recent identification of subsets of defined cell types as facultative stem/progenitor cells has led to a re-examination of how certain tissues respond to injury to mount a regenerative response. In this review, we focus on lung regeneration to explore the importance of facultative regeneration controlled by functional and differentiated cell lineages as well as how they are positioned and regulated by distinct tissue niches. Additionally, we discuss the molecular signals to which cells respond in their differentiated state during homeostasis and those signals that promote effective regeneration of damaged or lost cells and structures after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Leach
- Department of Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Penn Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Department of Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Penn Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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36
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Nagai T, Trakanant S, Kawasaki M, Kawasaki K, Yamada Y, Watanabe M, Blackburn J, Otsuka-Tanaka Y, Hishinuma M, Kitatmura A, Meguro F, Yamada A, Kodama Y, Maeda T, Zhou Q, Saijo Y, Yasue A, Sharpe PT, Hindges R, Takagi R, Ohazama A. MicroRNAs control eyelid development through regulating Wnt signaling. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:201-210. [PMID: 30653268 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The timing, location, and level of gene expression are crucial for normal organ development, because morphogenesis requires strict genetic control. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding small single-stranded RNAs that play a critical role in regulating gene expression level. Although miRNAs are known to be involved in many biological events, the role of miRNAs in organogenesis is not fully understood. Mammalian eyelids fuse and separate during development and growth. In mice, failure of this process results in the eye-open at birth (EOB) phenotype. RESULTS It has been shown that conditional deletion of mesenchymal Dicer (an essential protein for miRNA processing; Dicer fl/fl ;Wnt1Cre) leads to the EOB phenotype with full penetrance. Here, we identified that the up-regulation of Wnt signaling resulted in the EOB phenotype in Dicer mutants. Down-regulation of Fgf signaling observed in Dicer mutants was caused by an inverse relationship between Fgf and Wnt signaling. Shh and Bmp signaling were down-regulated as the secondary effects in Dicer fl/fl ;Wnt1Cre mice. Wnt, Shh, and Fgf signaling were also found to mediate the epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in eyelid development. CONCLUSIONS miRNAs control eyelid development through Wnt. Developmental Dynamics 248:201-210, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nagai
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Supaluk Trakanant
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Maiko Kawasaki
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katsushige Kawasaki
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom.,Oral Life Science, Research Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yurie Yamada
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Oral Life Science, Research Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Momoko Watanabe
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - James Blackburn
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yoko Otsuka-Tanaka
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Mitsue Hishinuma
- Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kitatmura
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Fumiya Meguro
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akane Yamada
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Kodama
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takeyasu Maeda
- Oral Life Science, Research Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Qiliang Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasuo Saijo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yasue
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima City, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Paul T Sharpe
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Hindges
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ritsuo Takagi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ohazama
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
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Marsh E, Gonzalez DG, Lathrop EA, Boucher J, Greco V. Positional Stability and Membrane Occupancy Define Skin Fibroblast Homeostasis In Vivo. Cell 2018; 175:1620-1633.e13. [PMID: 30415836 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblasts are an essential cellular and structural component of our organs. Despite several advances, the critical behaviors that fibroblasts utilize to maintain their homeostasis in vivo have remained unclear. Here, by tracking the same skin fibroblasts in live mice, we show that fibroblast position is stable over time and that this stability is maintained despite the loss of neighboring fibroblasts. In contrast, fibroblast membranes are dynamic during homeostasis and extend to fill the space of lost neighboring fibroblasts in a Rac1-dependent manner. Positional stability is sustained during aging despite a progressive accumulation of gaps in fibroblast nuclei organization, while membrane occupancy continues to be maintained. This work defines positional stability and cell occupancy as key principles of skin fibroblast homeostasis in vivo, throughout the lifespan of mice, and identifies membrane extension in the absence of migration as the core cellular mechanism to carry out these principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Marsh
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - David G Gonzalez
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Boucher
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Valentina Greco
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Departments of Dermatology & Cell Biology, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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38
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Abstract
Organoids are important research tools for studying organ morphogenesis and differentiation because they recapitulate ex vivo the native 3D organization of cells that is essential for proper cell and organ function. The composition of organoids can be manipulated to incorporate specific cell types to facilitate molecular interrogation of cell-cell interactions during organoid formation. A method for generating organoids derived from both embryonic salivary gland epithelial progenitor cells and mesenchymal support cells is described. Methods for isolating enriched populations of the epithelial cells as clusters and the mesenchyme cells as single cells from mouse embryonic submandibular salivary glands are also provided. Separating the epithelial and mesenchymal cell populations allows for independent molecular manipulation of each cell type. In addition, methods for lentiviral transduction of the mesenchyme cells and quantitative image analysis of organoids are provided. The methods described here are useful for exploring mechanisms driving organ formation. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab F Hosseini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York.,Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental and Neural Biology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York
| | - Deirdre A Nelson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York
| | - Nicholas Moskwa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York.,Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental and Neural Biology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York
| | - Melinda Larsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York
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39
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuval Rinkevich
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
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40
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Kinchen J, Chen HH, Parikh K, Antanaviciute A, Jagielowicz M, Fawkner-Corbett D, Ashley N, Cubitt L, Mellado-Gomez E, Attar M, Sharma E, Wills Q, Bowden R, Richter FC, Ahern D, Puri KD, Henault J, Gervais F, Koohy H, Simmons A. Structural Remodeling of the Human Colonic Mesenchyme in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cell 2018; 175:372-386.e17. [PMID: 30270042 PMCID: PMC6176871 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal mesenchymal cells play essential roles in epithelial homeostasis, matrix remodeling, immunity, and inflammation. But the extent of heterogeneity within the colonic mesenchyme in these processes remains unknown. Using unbiased single-cell profiling of over 16,500 colonic mesenchymal cells, we reveal four subsets of fibroblasts expressing divergent transcriptional regulators and functional pathways, in addition to pericytes and myofibroblasts. We identified a niche population located in proximity to epithelial crypts expressing SOX6, F3 (CD142), and WNT genes essential for colonic epithelial stem cell function. In colitis, we observed dysregulation of this niche and emergence of an activated mesenchymal population. This subset expressed TNF superfamily member 14 (TNFSF14), fibroblastic reticular cell-associated genes, IL-33, and Lysyl oxidases. Further, it induced factors that impaired epithelial proliferation and maturation and contributed to oxidative stress and disease severity in vivo. Our work defines how the colonic mesenchyme remodels to fuel inflammation and barrier dysfunction in IBD. Single-cell census of the colonic mesenchyme reveals unexpected heterogeneity Identification of the colonic crypt niche mesenchymal cell expressing SOX6 and Wnts Definition of fundamental aspects of mesenchymal remodeling in colitis Analysis of colitis-associated mesenchymal cells reveals pathogenicity drivers
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Affiliation(s)
- James Kinchen
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Hannah H Chen
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Kaushal Parikh
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Agne Antanaviciute
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK; MRC WIMM Centre For Computational Biology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Marta Jagielowicz
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - David Fawkner-Corbett
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Neil Ashley
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Laura Cubitt
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Esther Mellado-Gomez
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Moustafa Attar
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Eshita Sharma
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Quin Wills
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rory Bowden
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Felix C Richter
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Ahern
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Jill Henault
- Translational Development, Celgene Corporation, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Francois Gervais
- Translational Development, Celgene Corporation, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hashem Koohy
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; MRC WIMM Centre For Computational Biology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Alison Simmons
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
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41
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Abstract
Smooth muscle is increasingly recognized as a key mechanical sculptor of epithelia during embryonic development. Smooth muscle is a mesenchymal tissue that surrounds the epithelia of organs including the gut, blood vessels, lungs, bladder, ureter, uterus, oviduct and epididymis. Smooth muscle is stiffer than its adjacent epithelium and often serves its morphogenetic function by physically constraining the growth of a proliferating epithelial layer. This constraint leads to mechanical instabilities and epithelial morphogenesis through buckling. Smooth muscle stiffness alone, without smooth muscle cell shortening, seems to be sufficient to drive epithelial morphogenesis. Fully understanding the development of organs that use smooth muscle stiffness as a driver of morphogenesis requires investigating how smooth muscle develops, a key aspect of which is distinguishing smooth muscle-like tissues from one another in vivo and in culture. This necessitates a comprehensive appreciation of the genetic, anatomical and functional markers that are used to distinguish the different subtypes of smooth muscle (for example, vascular versus visceral) from similar cell types (including myofibroblasts and myoepithelial cells). Here, we review how smooth muscle acts as a mechanical driver of morphogenesis and discuss ways of identifying smooth muscle, which is critical for understanding these morphogenetic events.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Mechanics of Development'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Jaslove
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, 303 Hoyt Laboratory, William Street, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Celeste M Nelson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, 303 Hoyt Laboratory, William Street, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, 303 Hoyt Laboratory, William Street, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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42
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Yaryhin O, Werneburg I. Tracing the developmental origin of a lizard skull: Chondrocranial architecture, heterochrony, and variation in lacertids. J Morphol 2018; 279:1058-1087. [PMID: 29882601 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The sand lizard, Lacerta agilis, is a classical model species in herpetology. Its adult skull anatomy and its embryonic development are well known. The description of its fully formed primordial skull by Ernst Gaupp, in 1900, was a key publication in vertebrate morphology and influenced many comparative embryologists. Based on recent methodological considerations, we restudied the early cranial development of this species starting as early as the formation of mesenchymal condensations up to the fully formed chondrocranium. We traced the formation of the complex chondrocranial architecture in detail, clarified specific homologies for the first time, and uncovered major differences to old textbook descriptions. Comparison with other lacertid lizards revealed a very similar genesis of the primordial skull. However, we detected shifts in the developmental timing of particular cartilaginous elements, mainly in the nasal region, which may correlate to specific ecological adaptation in the adults. Late timing of nasal elements might be an important innovation for the successful wide range distribution of the well-known sand lizard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Yaryhin
- Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment (HEP) at Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen, Germany.,Fachbereich Geowissenschaften der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.,Faculty of Biology, Department of Zoology, Lesya Ukrainka Eastern European National University, Volyns'ka oblast', Ukraine
| | - Ingmar Werneburg
- Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment (HEP) at Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen, Germany.,Fachbereich Geowissenschaften der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- & Biodiversitätsforschung an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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43
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An Z, Akily B, Sabalic M, Zong G, Chai Y, Sharpe PT. Regulation of Mesenchymal Stem to Transit-Amplifying Cell Transition in the Continuously Growing Mouse Incisor. Cell Rep 2018; 23:3102-3111. [PMID: 29874594 PMCID: PMC6383149 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In adult tissues and organs with high turnover rates, the generation of transit-amplifying cell (TAC) populations from self-renewing stem cells drives cell replacement. The role of stem cells is to provide a renewable source of cells that give rise to TACs to provide the cell numbers that are necessary for cell differentiation. Regulation of the formation of TACs is thus fundamental to controlling cell replacement. Here, we analyze the properties of a population of mesenchymal TACs in the continuously growing mouse incisor to identify key components of the molecular regulation that drives proliferation. We show that the polycomb repressive complex 1 acts as a global regulator of the TAC phenotype by its direct action on the expression of key cell-cycle regulatory genes and by regulating Wnt/β-catenin-signaling activity. We also identify an essential requirement for TACs in maintaining mesenchymal stem cells, which is indicative of a positive feedback mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwen An
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College, London, UK
| | - Basem Akily
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College, London, UK
| | - Maja Sabalic
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College, London, UK
| | - Guo Zong
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College, London, UK
| | - Yang Chai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul T Sharpe
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College, London, UK.
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44
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mesenchymal breast tumors originate from the various components of mammary stroma. The aim of this review is to discuss the clinical presentation, imaging appearance, and management of mesenchymal breast lesions. CONCLUSION Although many mesenchymal tumors exhibit characteristic findings on imaging, others show nonspecific characteristics and require tissue biopsy for diagnosis. An awareness of the clinical and imaging presentation is essential in guiding the differential diagnosis and patient management.
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45
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Agabalyan NA, Rosin NL, Rahmani W, Biernaskie J. Hair follicle dermal stem cells and skin-derived precursor cells: Exciting tools for endogenous and exogenous therapies. Exp Dermatol 2018; 26:505-509. [PMID: 28418596 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the cellular interactions and molecular signals underlying hair follicle (HF) regeneration may have significant implications for restorative therapies for skin disease that diminish hair growth, whilst also serving to provide fundamental insight into the mechanisms underlying adult tissue regeneration. One of the major, yet underappreciated, players in this process is the underlying HF mesenchyme. Here, we provide an overview of a mesenchymal progenitor pool referred to as hair follicle dermal stem cells (hfDSCs), discuss their potential functions within the skin and their relationship to skin-derived precursors (SKPs), and consider unanswered questions about the function of these specialized fibroblasts. We contend that dermal stem cells provide an important reservoir of renewable dermal progenitors that may enable development of novel restorative therapies following hair loss, skin injury or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha A Agabalyan
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nicole L Rosin
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Waleed Rahmani
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jeff Biernaskie
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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46
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Abdala-Valencia H, Coden ME, Chiarella SE, Jacobsen EA, Bochner BS, Lee JJ, Berdnikovs S. Shaping eosinophil identity in the tissue contexts of development, homeostasis, and disease. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:95-108. [PMID: 29656559 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1mr1117-442rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils play homeostatic roles in different tissues and are found in several organs at a homeostatic baseline, though their tissue numbers increase significantly in development and disease. The morphological, phenotypical, and functional plasticity of recruited eosinophils are influenced by the dynamic tissue microenvironment changes between homeostatic, morphogenetic, and disease states. Activity of the epithelial-mesenchymal interface, extracellular matrix, hormonal inputs, metabolic state of the environment, as well as epithelial and mesenchymal-derived innate cytokines and growth factors all have the potential to regulate the attraction, retention, in situ hematopoiesis, phenotype, and function of eosinophils. This review examines the reciprocal relationship between eosinophils and such tissue factors, specifically addressing: (1) tissue microenvironments associated with the presence and activity of eosinophils; (2) non-immune tissue ligands regulatory for eosinophil accumulation, hematopoiesis, phenotype, and function (with an emphasis on the extracellular matrix and epithelial-mesenchymal interface); (3) the contribution of eosinophils to regulating tissue biology; (4) eosinophil phenotypic heterogeneity in different tissue microenvironments, classifying eosinophils as progenitors, steady state eosinophils, and Type 1 and 2 activated phenotypes. An appreciation of eosinophil regulation by non-immune tissue factors is necessary for completing the picture of eosinophil immune activation and understanding the functional contribution of these cells to development, homeostasis, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiam Abdala-Valencia
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mackenzie E Coden
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sergio E Chiarella
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Jacobsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Bruce S Bochner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - James J Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Sergejs Berdnikovs
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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47
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Kelleher FC, O'Sullivan H. FOXM1 in sarcoma: role in cell cycle, pluripotency genes and stem cell pathways. Oncotarget 2018; 7:42792-42804. [PMID: 27074562 PMCID: PMC5173172 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
FOXM1 is a pro-proliferative transcription factor that promotes cell cycle progression at the G1-S, and G2-M transitions. It is activated by phosphorylation usually mediated by successive cyclin – cyclin dependent kinase complexes, and is highly expressed in sarcoma. p53 down regulates FOXM1 and FOXM1 inhibition is also partly dependent on Rb and p21. Abnormalities of p53 or Rb are frequent in sporadic sarcomas with bone or soft tissue sarcoma, accounting for 36% of index cancers in the high penetrance TP53 germline disorder, Li-Fraumeni syndrome. FOXM1 stimulates transcription of pluripotency related genes including SOX2, KLF4, OCT4, and NANOG many of which are important in sarcoma, a disorder of mesenchymal stem cell/ partially committed progenitor cells. In a selected specific, SOX2 is uniformly expressed in synovial sarcoma. Embryonic pathways preferentially used in stem cell such as Hippo, Hedgehog, and Wnt dominate in FOXM1 stoichiometry to alter rates of FOXM1 production or degradation. In undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, liposarcoma, and fibrosarcoma, dysregulation of the Hippo pathway increases expression of the effector co-transcriptional activator Yes-Associated Protein (YAP). A complex involving YAP and the transcription factor TEAD elevates FOXM1 in these sarcoma subtypes. In another scenario 80% of desmoid tumors have nuclear localization of β-catenin, the Wnt pathway effector molecule. Thiazole antibiotics inhibit FOXM1 and because they have an auto-regulator loop FOXM1 expression is also inhibited. Current systemic treatment of sarcoma is of limited efficacy and inhibiting FOXM1 represents a potential new strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergal C Kelleher
- St. James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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48
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Chin CJ, Li S, Corselli M, Casero D, Zhu Y, He CB, Hardy R, Péault B, Crooks GM. Transcriptionally and Functionally Distinct Mesenchymal Subpopulations Are Generated from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:436-446. [PMID: 29307583 PMCID: PMC5830911 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Various mesenchymal cell types have been identified as critical components of the hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) niche. Although several groups have described the generation of mesenchyme from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), the capacity of such cells to support hematopoiesis has not been reported. Here, we demonstrate that distinct mesenchymal subpopulations co-emerge from mesoderm during hPSC differentiation. Despite co-expression of common mesenchymal markers (CD73, CD105, CD90, and PDGFRβ), a subset of cells defined as CD146hiCD73hi expressed genes associated with the HSPC niche and supported the maintenance of functional HSPCs ex vivo, while CD146loCD73lo cells supported differentiation. Stromal support of HSPCs was contact dependent and mediated in part through high JAG1 expression and low WNT signaling. Molecular profiling revealed significant transcriptional similarity between hPSC-derived CD146++ and primary human CD146++ perivascular cells. The derivation of functionally diverse types of mesenchyme from hPSCs opens potential avenues to model the HSPC niche and develop PSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Jia Chin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSOM), University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Suwen Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSOM), University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - David Casero
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSOM), University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yuhua Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSOM), University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Chong Bin He
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSOM), University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Reef Hardy
- Department of Orthopedics, DGSOM, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Orthopedic Hospital Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Broad Stem Cell Research Center (BSCRC), UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Bruno Péault
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSOM), University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Orthopedics, DGSOM, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Orthopedic Hospital Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Broad Stem Cell Research Center (BSCRC), UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Gay M Crooks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSOM), University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Broad Stem Cell Research Center (BSCRC), UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Pediatrics, DGSOM, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (JCCC), UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Coletta R, Roberts NA, Randles MJ, Morabito A, Woolf AS. Exogenous transforming growth factor-β1 enhances smooth muscle differentiation in embryonic mouse jejunal explants. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:252-264. [PMID: 28084682 PMCID: PMC6485323 DOI: 10.1002/term.2409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An ex vivo experimental strategy that replicates in vivo intestinal development would in theory provide an accessible setting with which to study normal and dysmorphic gut biology. The current authors recently described a system in which mouse embryonic jejunal segments were explanted onto semipermeable platforms and fed with chemically defined serum-free media. Over 3 days in organ culture, explants formed villi and they began to undergo spontaneous peristalsis. As defined in the current study, the wall of the explanted gut failed to form a robust longitudinal smooth muscle (SM) layer as it would do in vivo over the same time period. Given the role of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) in SM differentiation in other organs, it was hypothesized that exogenous TGFβ1 would enhance SM differentiation in these explants. In vivo, TGFβ receptors I and II were both detected in embryonic longitudinal jejunal SM cells and, in organ culture, exogenous TGFβ1 induced robust differentiation of longitudinal SM. Microarray profiling showed that TGFβ1 increased SM specific transcripts in a dose dependent manner. TGFβ1 proteins were detected in amniotic fluid at a time when the intestine was physiologically herniated. By analogy with the requirement for exogenous TGFβ1 for SM differentiation in organ culture, the TGFβ1 protein that was demonstrated to be present in the amniotic fluid may enhance intestinal development when it is physiologically herniated in early gestation. Future studies of embryonic intestinal cultures should include TGFβ1 in the defined media to produce a more faithful model of in vivo muscle differentiation. Copyright © 2017 The Authors Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Coletta
- Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human SciencesUniversity of ManchesterUK
- Paediatric Autologous Bowel Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Paediatric Surgery, Royal Manchester Children's HospitalCentral Manchester Foundation TrustManchesterUK
| | - Neil A. Roberts
- Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human SciencesUniversity of ManchesterUK
| | - Michael J. Randles
- Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human SciencesUniversity of ManchesterUK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell‐Matrix Research, Faculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Antonino Morabito
- Paediatric Autologous Bowel Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Paediatric Surgery, Royal Manchester Children's HospitalCentral Manchester Foundation TrustManchesterUK
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Faculty of Medical and Human SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Adrian S. Woolf
- Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human SciencesUniversity of ManchesterUK
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Royal Manchester Children's HospitalCentral Manchester Foundation TrustManchesterUK
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50
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Ndlovu R, Deng LC, Wu J, Li XK, Zhang JS. Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 in Pancreas Development and Pancreatic Cancer. Front Genet 2018; 9:482. [PMID: 30425728 PMCID: PMC6219204 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The tenacious prevalence of human pancreatic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and adenocarcinoma has prompted huge research interest in better understanding of pancreatic organogenesis. The plethora of signaling pathways involved in pancreas development is activated in a highly coordinated manner to assure unmitigated development and morphogenesis in vertebrates. Therefore, a complex mesenchymal-epithelial signaling network has been implicated to play a pivotal role in organogenesis through its interactions with other germ layers, specifically the endoderm. The Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor FGFR2-IIIb splicing isoform (FGFR2b) and its high affinity ligand Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 (FGF10) are expressed in the epithelium and mesenchyme, respectively, and therefore are well positioned to transmit mesenchymal to epithelial signaling. FGF10 is a typical paracrine FGF and chiefly mediates biological responses by activating FGFR2b with heparin/heparan sulfate (HS) as cofactor. A substantial number of studies using genetically engineered mouse models have demonstrated an essential role of FGF10 in the development of many organs and tissues including the pancreas. During mouse embryonic development, FGF10 signaling is crucial for epithelial cell proliferation, maintenance of progenitor cell fate and branching morphogenesis in the pancreas. FGF10 is also implicated in pancreatic cancer, and that overexpression of FGFR2b is associated with metastatic invasion. A thorough understanding of FGF10 signaling machinery and its crosstalk with other pathways in development and pathological states may provide novel opportunities for pancreatic cancer targeted therapy and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrick Ndlovu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lian-Cheng Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jin Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Kun Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Kun Li, Jin-San Zhang, ;
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Centre for Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Kun Li, Jin-San Zhang, ;
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