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Dueñas-Bolaños CA, Cid-Hernández M, Velázquez-Juárez G, García-Casillas LA, González-Ortiz LJ, Sánchez-Peña MJ, Herrera-González A, Zúñiga-González OG, López-Naranjo EJ. Use of Residual Malt from an Artisanal Beer Brewing Process in the Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Mediated by Nucleating and Structure-Directing Agents. Molecules 2024; 29:1660. [PMID: 38611939 PMCID: PMC11013108 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in varied applications, which are morphology dependent. Consequently, a morphology-controlled synthesis is mandatory. Although there are several studies focused on the plant extract-based biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles, the use of extracts obtained from agro-wastes is scant. Furthermore, information regarding morphology modification through the use of additional agents is even more scarce. Thus, in this study, AgNPs were synthesized using a malt extract (ME) obtained from an artisanal beer brewing process residue. Additionally, sodium chloride (NaCl), gum arabic (GA), and talc (T) were used in an attempt to modify the morphology of AgNPs. XRD, DLS, SEM, and TEM results demonstrate that stable AgNPs of different sizes and shapes were synthesized. FTIR, HPLC analysis, and the quantification of total proteins, free amino acids, reducing sugars, and total polyphenols before and after AgNPs synthesis showed that ME biomolecules allowed them to act as a source of reducing and stabilizing agents. Therefore, this study provides evidence that ME can be successfully used to biosynthesize AgNPs. Additionally, the antibacterial activity of AgNPs against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria was evaluated. Results indicate that AgNPs show a higher antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria.
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Sasaki K, Komatsu F, Miyatani K, Tanaka R, Yamada Y, Kato Y, Hirose Y. Predicting Morphological Changes to Vessel Walls Adjacent to Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysms Using Computational Fluid Dynamics. Asian J Neurosurg 2023; 18:764-768. [PMID: 38161604 PMCID: PMC10756830 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study compared intraoperative findings with preoperative computed tomography angiography (CTA) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of perianeurysmal findings for the indication of possible vessel wall thinning. Materials and Methods Participants comprised 38 patients with unruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms treated by surgical clipping at our hospital between May 2020 and April 2021. We defined parent artery radiation sign (PARS) as the presence of each of the following three findings in CFD analysis based on preoperative CTA: (1) impingement of the stream line on the outer parent vessel wall of the aneurysm; (2) radiation of wall shear stress vectors outwards from the same site; and (3) increased wall pressure compared with the surrounding area. CFD analysis showing PARS was compared with intraoperative findings. Results In all nine cases with PARS, no morphological abnormalities were found in the same area on CTA. However, intraoperative findings showed thinning of the parent artery wall in one of the nine cases and formation of a very small mass in three cases, differing from CTA findings. All nine patients underwent additional clipping and/or wrapping and coating at the site of PARS. Conclusion Detecting thinning of the vessel wall or the presence of a microaneurysm may be difficult in endovascular therapy, which is based on the visualization of the vessel lumen. CFD analysis suggests the necessity of confirming findings for the vessel wall around an aneurysm by direct manipulation, as the presence of PARS may indicate partial thinning of the vessel wall or formation of a microaneurysm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Sasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujita Health University, Bantane Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Fuminari Komatsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujita Health University, Bantane Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Miyatani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujita Health University, Bantane Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Riki Tanaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujita Health University, Bantane Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujita Health University, Bantane Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoko Kato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujita Health University, Bantane Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hirose
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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Koji T, Iwata H, Ishimori M, Takanashi H, Yamasaki Y, Tsujimoto H. Genetic Dissection of Seasonal Changes in a Greening Plant Based on Time-Series Multispectral Imaging. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3597. [PMID: 37896060 PMCID: PMC10610531 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Good appearance throughout the year is important for perennial ornamental plants used for rooftop greenery. However, the methods for evaluating appearance throughout the year, such as plant color and growth activity, are not well understood. In this study, evergreen and winter-dormant parents of Phedimus takesimensis and 94 F1 plants were used for multispectral imaging. We took 16 multispectral image measurements from March 2019 to April 2020 and used them to calculate 15 vegetation indices and the area of plant cover. QTL analysis was also performed. Traits such as the area of plant cover and vegetation indices related to biomass were high during spring and summer (growth period), whereas vegetation indices related to anthocyanins were high in winter (dormancy period). According to the PCA, changes in the intensity of light reflected from the plants at different wavelengths over the course of a year were consistent with the changes in plant color and growth activity. Seven QTLs were found to be associated with major seasonal growth changes. This approach, which monitors not only at a single point in time but also over time, can reveal morphological changes during growth, senescence, and dormancy throughout the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeko Koji
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan;
| | - Hiroyoshi Iwata
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (H.I.); (M.I.); (H.T.)
| | - Motoyuki Ishimori
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (H.I.); (M.I.); (H.T.)
| | - Hideki Takanashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (H.I.); (M.I.); (H.T.)
| | - Yuji Yamasaki
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan;
| | - Hisashi Tsujimoto
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan;
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Liu C, Wang Z, Chen Y, Zeng X, Long H, Rong H, Zou H, Ding J, Li J. Peroxymonosulfate-Activation-Induced Phase Transition of Mn 3O 4 Nanospheres on Nickel Foam with Enhanced Catalytic Performance. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114312. [PMID: 37298787 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The transformations of physicochemical properties on manganese oxides during peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation are vital factors to be concerned. In this work, Mn3O4 nanospheres homogeneously loaded on nickel foam are prepared, and the catalytic performance for PMS activation is evaluated by degrading a target pollutant, Acid Orange 7, in aqueous solution. The factors including catalyst loading, nickel foam substrate, and degradation conditions have been investigated. Additionally, the transformations of crystal structure, surface chemistry, and morphology on the catalyst have been explored. The results show that sufficient catalyst loading and the support of nickel foam play significant roles in the catalytic reactivity. A phase transition from spinel Mn3O4 to layered birnessite, accompanied by a morphological change from nanospheres to laminae, is clarified during the PMS activation. The electrochemical analysis reveals that more favorable electronic transfer and ionic diffusion occur after the phase transition so as to enhance catalytic performance. The generated SO4•- and •OH radicals through redox reactions of Mn are demonstrated to account for the pollutant degradation. This work will provide new understandings of PMS activation by manganese oxides with high catalytic activity and reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Ziyan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Yanfeng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xinjuan Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Hangyu Long
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Haibo Rong
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies, Foshan 528000, China
- School of Light Industry and Materials, Guangdong Polytechnic, Foshan 528041, China
| | - Hongtao Zou
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Jinpeng Ding
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Jingling Li
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies, Foshan 528000, China
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Zimova M, Weeks BC, Willard DE, Giery ST, Jirinec V, Burner RC, Winger BM. Body size predicts the rate of contemporary morphological change in birds. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2206971120. [PMID: 37155909 PMCID: PMC10193942 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2206971120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Variation in evolutionary rates among species is a defining characteristic of the tree of life and may be an important predictor of species' capacities to adapt to rapid environmental change. It is broadly assumed that generation length is an important determinant of microevolutionary rates, and body size is often used as a proxy for generation length. However, body size has myriad biological correlates that could affect evolutionary rates independently from generation length. We leverage two large, independently collected datasets on recent morphological change in birds (52 migratory species breeding in North America and 77 South American resident species) to test how body size and generation length are related to the rates of contemporary morphological change. Both datasets show that birds have declined in body size and increased in wing length over the past 40 y. We found, in both systems, a consistent pattern wherein smaller species declined proportionally faster in body size and increased proportionally faster in wing length. By contrast, generation length explained less variation in evolutionary rates than did body size. Although the mechanisms warrant further investigation, our study demonstrates that body size is an important predictor of contemporary variation in morphological rates of change. Given the correlations between body size and a breadth of morphological, physiological, and ecological traits predicted to mediate phenotypic responses to environmental change, the relationship between body size and rates of phenotypic change should be considered when testing hypotheses about variation in adaptive responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Zimova
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 49109
| | - Brian C Weeks
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 49109
| | - David E Willard
- Gantz Family Collection Center, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL 60605
| | - Sean T Giery
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Vitek Jirinec
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University and LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus AM 69067-375, Brazil
- Integral Ecology Research Center, Blue Lake, CA 95525
| | - Ryan C Burner
- U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, La Crosse, WI 54603
| | - Benjamin M Winger
- Museum of Zoology and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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Liu Y, Xi Y, Zhang F, Wang Z, Wang C, Yu S, Chen X. Charring-induced morphological changes of Chinese "Five Grains": An experimental study. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1063617. [PMID: 36818853 PMCID: PMC9935936 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1063617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Charring process affects the preservation potential of seeds, resulting in limited perceptions of crop assemblages recovered from archaeological layers. Therefore, the specifics of the charring process deserve further investigation. Colloquially referred to as the "Five Grains" (), bread wheat (Triticum aestivum), foxtail millet (Setaria italica), broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum), rice (Oryza sativa), and soybean (Glycine max) represent a set of four major cultivated cereals and a pulse constituting crucial staple food in Chinese history and the most frequently discovered crops at archaeological sites in China. METHODS This paper aims to understand the changes in size, volume, and weight loss of grains under variable aerobic charring conditions. The size and weight were measured for the untreated specimens and the specimens heated at different temperatures and over different time-periods. RESULTS We found that temperature and exposure time directly affected the grain size. Specifically, the grains of most species shrank at lower temperatures and expanded rapidly at higher temperatures. DISCUSSION Among the "Five Grains", soybean was the type least affected by charring, followed by wheat, rice, and millet. Volume and weight can be used as conversion factors to minimize the bias in quantitative representation due to varied charring preservation potential. For rice, wheat and soybean, the variation in volume is smaller. For millet, both volume and weight can be used as the control to understand the consequences of charring for the assemblage. Further experiments and comparisons of ancient samples are needed in future studies to investigate other factors that affect the preservation of charred plant remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory for Environmental and Social Archaeology, Institute of Cultural Heritage, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Xi
- Department of Cultural Heritage Registration, the Administrative Office of Humble Administrator’s Garden, Suzhou, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory for Environmental and Social Archaeology, Institute of Cultural Heritage, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Shandong University Museum, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Can Wang
- Department of Archaeology, School of History and Culture, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shiyong Yu
- School of Geography, Geomatics, and Planning, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xuexiang Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory for Environmental and Social Archaeology, Institute of Cultural Heritage, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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Nakajima K, Oka S, Tanikawa T, Nemoto-Sasaki Y, Matsumoto N, Ishiguro H, Arata Y, Sugiura T, Yamashita A. Lysophosphatidylinositol Induced Morphological Changes and Stress Fiber Formation through the GPR55-RhoA-ROCK Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10932. [PMID: 36142844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) functions as an endogenous agonist of GPR55, a novel cannabinoid receptor. However, the physiological roles of LPI-GPR55 have not yet been elucidated in detail. In the present study, we found that LPI induced morphological changes in GPR55-expressing HEK293 cells. LPI induced the cell rounding of GPR55-expressing HEK293 cells but not of empty-vector-transfected cells. LPI also induced the activation of small GTP-binding protein RhoA and increased stress fiber formation in GPR55-expressing HEK293 cells. The inhibition of RhoA and Rho kinase ROCK by the C3 exoenzyme and the ROCK inhibitor reduced LPI-induced cell rounding and stress fiber formation. These results clearly indicated that the LPI-induced morphological changes and the assembly of the cytoskeletons were mediated through the GPR55-RhoA-ROCK pathway.
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Hagihara S, Wakiya R, Maeda T, Kimura S. Morphological and gonadal histological characteristics of the silver-phase male Indo-Pacific eel Anguilla marmorata. J Fish Biol 2022; 101:749-752. [PMID: 35722834 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Eight silver-phase male Indo-Pacific eels (giant mottled eels) Anguilla marmorata were collected from three small rivers on subtropical Amami-Oshima Island, Japan, and their morphological and gonadal-histological characteristics were examined. The total length, body mass and age of the silver eels were 543.8 ± 49.3 (496-659) mm, 376.0 ± 116.0 (282-660) g and 14.6 ± 2.3 (11-19) years old, respectively. The silvering-related characteristics (eye index, pectoral-fin index, gut-somatic index) and reproductive characteristics (gonadosomatic index, histological stage) of the silver eels were significantly advanced compared to those of yellow eels, which is similar to other anguillid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seishi Hagihara
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryoshiro Wakiya
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Maeda
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shingo Kimura
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
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Heo Y, Jeon H, Namkung W. PAR4-Mediated PI3K/Akt and RhoA/ROCK Signaling Pathways Are Essential for Thrombin-Induced Morphological Changes in MEG-01 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:776. [PMID: 35054966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombin stimulates platelets via a dual receptor system of protease-activated receptors (PARs): PAR1 and PAR4. PAR1 activation induces a rapid and transient signal associated with the initiation of platelet aggregation, whereas PAR4 activation results in a prolonged signal, required for later phases, that regulates the stable formation of thrombus. In this study, we observed differential signaling pathways for thrombin-induced PAR1 and PAR4 activation in a human megakaryoblastic leukemia cell line, MEG-01. Interestingly, thrombin induced both calcium signaling and morphological changes in MEG-01 cells via the activation of PAR1 and PAR4, and these intracellular events were very similar to those observed in platelets shown in previous studies. We developed a novel image-based assay to quantitatively measure the morphological changes in living cells, and observed the underlying mechanism for PAR1- and PAR4-mediated morphological changes in MEG-01 cells. Selective inhibition of PAR1 and PAR4 by vorapaxar and BMS-986120, respectively, showed that thrombin-induced morphological changes were primarily mediated by PAR4 activation. Treatment of a set of kinase inhibitors and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) revealed that thrombin-mediated morphological changes were primarily regulated by calcium-independent pathways and PAR4 activation-induced PI3K/Akt and RhoA/ROCK signaling pathways in MEG-01 cells. These results indicate the importance of PAR4-mediated signaling pathways in thrombin-induced morphological changes in MEG-01 cells and provide a useful in vitro cellular model for platelet research.
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Matsumoto H, Kimata Y, Ota T, Sugiyama N, Onoda S, Makino T, Takeda S, Mizukawa N. Morphological Changes and Durability of Skin and Mucosal Flaps in Intraoral and Pharyngeal Reconstructions: Long-term Follow-up and Literature Review for Potential Second Carcinomas. Acta Med Okayama 2021; 75:725-734. [PMID: 34955541 DOI: 10.18926/amo/62813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The long-term changes in tissues implanted in the oral cavity and pharynx after head and neck reconstruction have not been fully evaluated. This study aimed to clarify the morphological changes, long-term durability, and potential for secondary carcinogenesis in such tissues. In our single-center study, the rough morphological changes in 54 cases of intraoral and pharyngeal skin and mucosal flaps were evaluated more than 10 years after flap transfer. In addition, the literature on the development of second carcinomas from skin flaps was reviewed. The mean follow-up period for transferred flaps was 148 months. The reconstruction areas and the probability of morphological changes were significantly correlated (p=0.006), especially in cases with tongue, lower gingiva, and buccal mucosal reconstruction. Free jejunal flap surfaces were well maintained, whereas tubed skin flaps showed severe morphological changes in cases with pharyngeal reconstruction. None of the flaps in our series developed second primary carcinomas. Skin flaps generally had good durability for > 10 years in intraoral environments, while mucosal flaps had better durability for pharyngeal reconstruction. Second squamous carcinomas arising from skin flaps are extremely rare; however, surgeons should take this possibility into consideration and conduct meticulous and long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Matsumoto
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Yoshihiro Kimata
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Tomoyuki Ota
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Narushi Sugiyama
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital
| | - Satoshi Onoda
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kagawa Rosai Hospital
| | - Takuma Makino
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Seiko Takeda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Hospital
| | - Nobuyoshi Mizukawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
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Qiu L, Zhang Y, Long X, Ye Z, Qu Z, Yang X, Wang C. Scanning Electron Microscopy Investigation for Monitoring the Emulsion Deteriorative Process and Its Applications in Site-Directed Reaction with Paper Fabric. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216471. [PMID: 34770880 PMCID: PMC8587716 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The O/W isocyanate emulsion can be used as a sizing agent to improve the waterproof performance of paper. However, the -NCO content in the emulsion diminishes with the prolongation of standing time. What is happening to this seemingly stable emulsion, especially concerning its microstructure evolution? We propose to monitor the emulsions deteriorative process by combining freeze-drying technique and SEM. Thus, the emulsion containing -NCO active group was obtained by the synthetic polymer emulsification of HDI trimers. The results of SEM demonstrate that the emulsion deteriorative process actually represents the collapsing and fusion of stable honeycomb structure with the prolongation of standing time and increasing temperature. This is possibly due to the fact that the inner aggregative HDI trimers are reacting with outside water to form urethane macromolecules, and this results in the collapsing and fusion of the honeycomb structure, as observed in SEM images. Moreover, the measurement results of -NCO content and FT-IR spectroscopy present the -NCO content as reducing with increasing standing time and temperature. This conclusion further proves our hypotheses. Additionally, the emulsions are used to treat the paper by site-directed reaction. The results show that the with the increase of the standing time and temperature, the contact angles and surface free energy show a decrease and an increase, respectively, whereas surface free energy appeared at a minimum of 29.19 mJ·m−2 when the standing time and temperature was 1 h and 25 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liewei Qiu
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China; (L.Q.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China;
| | - Yongkang Zhang
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China; (L.Q.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Xueli Long
- Chemical Corporation of Changqing, Xi’an 710021, China; (X.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhi Ye
- Chemical Corporation of Changqing, Xi’an 710021, China; (X.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhangmingzu Qu
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China; (L.Q.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Xiaowu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China;
| | - Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-029-86168830
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Wu Z, Zhang Y, Xu X, Ahmed T, Yang Y, Loh B, Leptihn S, Yan C, Chen J, Li B. The Holin-Endolysin Lysis System of the OP2-Like Phage X2 Infecting Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Viruses 2021; 13:v13101949. [PMID: 34696380 PMCID: PMC8541568 DOI: 10.3390/v13101949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Most endolysins of dsDNA phages are exported by a holin-dependent mechanism, while in some cases endolysins are exported via a holin-independent mechanism. However, it is still unclear whether the same endolysins can be exported by both holin-dependent and holin-independent mechanisms. This study investigated the lysis system of OP2-like phage X2 infecting Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, causing devastating bacterial leaf blight disease in rice. Based on bioinformatics and protein biochemistry methods, we show that phage X2 employs the classic "holin-endolysin" lysis system. The endolysin acts on the cell envelope and exhibits antibacterial effects in vitro, while the holin facilitates the release of the protein into the periplasm. We also characterized the role of the transmembrane domain (TMD) in the translocation of the endolysin across the inner membrane. We found that the TMD facilitated the translocation of the endolysin via the Sec secretion system. The holin increases the efficiency of protein release, leading to faster and more efficient lysis. Interestingly, in E. coli, the expression of either holin or endolysin with TMDs resulted in the formation of long rod shaped cells. We conclude that the TMD of X2-Lys plays a dual role: One is the transmembrane transport while the other is the inhibition of cell division, resulting in larger cells and thus in a higher number of released viruses per cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (T.A.)
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (T.A.)
| | - Xinyang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (T.A.)
| | - Temoor Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (T.A.)
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Y.)
| | - Belinda Loh
- University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 314400, China; (B.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Sebastian Leptihn
- University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 314400, China; (B.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Chenqi Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Y.)
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Y.)
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (B.L.); Tel.: +86-571-8898-2412 (B.L.)
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (T.A.)
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (B.L.); Tel.: +86-571-8898-2412 (B.L.)
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Takahashi Y, Hatta W, Koike T, Ogata Y, Fujiya T, Saito M, Jin X, Nakagawa K, Kanno T, Asanuma K, Uno K, Asano N, Imatani A, Fujishima F, Katoh N, Yoshinaga T, Masamune A. Localized Gastric Amyloidosis that Displayed Morphological Changes over 10 Years of Observation. Intern Med 2021; 60:539-543. [PMID: 32999220 PMCID: PMC7946503 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.5031-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein report an extremely rare case of localized gastric amyloidosis (LGA) with morphological changes during the follow-up. A 71-year-old woman who had a depressed lesion with central elevation in the gastric lower body was diagnosed with LGA. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy at 10 years after the initial examination showed that the lesion had grown and changed morphologically, exhibiting a submucosal tumor-like appearance. Since the lesion was confined to the submucosa, the patient underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection. The final pathological diagnosis was amyloid light-chain (AL)-type LGA. This case may provide useful information regarding the natural history of AL-type LGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Takahashi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Waku Hatta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koike
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yohei Ogata
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Taku Fujiya
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masahiro Saito
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Xiaoyi Jin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Nakagawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kanno
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Asanuma
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kaname Uno
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Naoki Asano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Akira Imatani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Fujishima
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Nagaaki Katoh
- Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tsuneaki Yoshinaga
- Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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Suzuki T, Hasegawa H, Ando K, Shibuya K, Takahashi H, Saito S, Oishi M, Fujii Y. Possibility of Worsening Flow Diversion Effect Due to Morphological Changes of a Stented Artery With Multiple Overlapping Stents for Partially Thrombosed Vertebral Artery Aneurysms. Front Neurol 2021; 11:611124. [PMID: 33384657 PMCID: PMC7770215 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.611124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Morphological changes of a stented artery can cause a flow diversion effect to reduce intra-aneurysmal flow; however, there is a potential for the negative effect of increased intra-aneurysmal flow. We present cases with multiple overlapping stents for a partially thrombosed vertebral artery aneurysm and characterize the hemodynamic properties of a recurrent case by focusing on the morphological changes of the stented artery. Methods: Between October 2017 and April 2019, four consecutive cases of symptomatic unruptured large and giant partially thrombosed vertebral artery aneurysms were treated with multiple overlapping low-profile visualized intraluminal support stents and no coils. Both angiographic and clinical outcomes were assessed. Computational fluid dynamics analysis was performed to clarify hemodynamic features. The degree of pressure elevation was calculated as the pressure difference (Pd). Wall shear stress (WSS) was also calculated. Results: In three of the four cases, successful flow reduction was achieved with no morphological change of the stented arteries. The patients' symptoms were gradually improved. The remaining case required additional stents after the initial treatment. In the recurrent case, Pd was noticeably elevated at the aneurysm neck after treatment, and WSS was generally increased in the area due to altered blood flow into the aneurysm dome caused by morphological changes of the stented artery. Conclusion: Overlapping stents can be used for the treatment of large and giant thrombosed vertebral artery aneurysms with flow diversion effect; however, morphological changes of the stented artery requires careful attention as it may lead to an increase in the intra-aneurysmal flow, causing negative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hasegawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ando
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kouhei Shibuya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Takahashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shoji Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Makoto Oishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Fujii
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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15
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Hayashi T, Fujiwara Y, Ariji Y, Sakai H, Kubota K, Kawano O, Masuda M, Morishita Y, Maeda T. Mechanism of Dysphagia after Acute Traumatic Cervical Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:2315-2319. [PMID: 32486896 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.6983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Swallowing dysfunction, which may cause aspiration pneumonia, is one of the most important complications of treatment of traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI); however, the mechanism of dysphagia is not well understood. No previous studies have reported the association between morphological changes of the soft tissue and dysphagia. We aimed to determine the factors associated with severity of dysphagia after CSCI and elucidate its mechanism. We conducted a prospective analysis of patients with acute traumatic CSCI who were admitted within 2 weeks of the injury. Dysphagia was evaluated using the Dysphagia Severity Scale (DSS) 2 weeks after the injury. The widths of the retropharyngeal and retrotracheal spaces were measured to assess soft tissue damage owing to the injury using sagittal images of computed tomography. We also assessed age, surgery of the injured cervical spine, presence of tracheostomy, osteophyte behind the pharynx, level of injury, and motor score 2 weeks after the injury. A total of 136 persons met our criteria. Given that 44 persons were categorized under grades <5 of the DSS, which were defined as different types of aspirations, the incidence of aspiration was 32%. The multiple regression analysis revealed that age, motor score, tracheostomy, and retropharyngeal space were significantly associated with DSS. Severe paresis, tracheostomy, old age, and swelling of the retropharyngeal space were significantly affected by dysphagia after CSCI. Morphological changes in the pharynx, situated right behind the larynx, after the injury affects the mechanism of dysphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Hayashi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Spinal Injuries Center, Iizuka City, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Spinal Injuries Center, Iizuka City, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan
| | - Yuichi Fujiwara
- Nursing Department, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Spinal Injuries Center, Iizuka City, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan
| | - Yuto Ariji
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Spinal Injuries Center, Iizuka City, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Spinal Injuries Center, Iizuka City, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kubota
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Spinal Injuries Center, Iizuka City, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Spinal Injuries Center, Iizuka City, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan
| | - Osamu Kawano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Spinal Injuries Center, Iizuka City, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan
| | - Muneaki Masuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Spinal Injuries Center, Iizuka City, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Morishita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Spinal Injuries Center, Iizuka City, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan
| | - Takeshi Maeda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Spinal Injuries Center, Iizuka City, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan
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16
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Akamatsu M, Mashiba R, Kawakatsu K, Ishikawa M, Nishikata T. Comparison of Macrophage Activation Using γ-Globulin and Serum-derived Macrophage Activating Factor. Anticancer Res 2020; 40:4707-4710. [PMID: 32727796 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.14471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Serum-derived macrophage activating factor (serum-MAF) can rapidly activate macrophage phagocytic activity by inducing characteristic membrane ruffles designated as Frill-like structures. Serum-MAF contains γ-globulin, an activator of phagocytosis. This study examined whether serum-MAF and γ-globulin activate macrophages similarly. MATERIALS AND METHODS Morphological changes in macrophages were observed by time-lapse imaging and the efficiency of engulfment was analysed quantitatively. Immunological staining of talin-1 and a calpain inhibitor were performed. RESULTS The engulfment efficiency of serum-MAF- and γ-globulin-activated macrophages was significantly different. Talin-1 showed weak co-localisation with the Frill-like structures. Treatment with a calpain inhibitor similarly down-regulated phagocytosis irrespective of the activation factor. CONCLUSION There was a difference between macrophage activation mechanisms by γ-globulin and serum-MAF. Talin may slightly contribute to serum-MAF activation. It is possible to distinguish between the calpain-dependent fundamental 'mechanism of phagocytosis' and the activating factor-dependent rapid 'activation mechanism'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minori Akamatsu
- Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Riho Mashiba
- Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kumpei Kawakatsu
- Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mami Ishikawa
- Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takahito Nishikata
- Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe, Japan
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17
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Tsukiyama A, Nozaki T, Matsumoto S, Uekusa T, Tsuchiya A, Nomura M. Morphological Change of Cerebral Aneurysm with Possible Pseudoaneurysm at A2/3 of the Anterior Cerebral Artery on Three-dimensional Computed Tomographic Angiography. Asian J Neurosurg 2020; 15:394-396. [PMID: 32656139 PMCID: PMC7335138 DOI: 10.4103/ajns.ajns_23_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial pseudoaneurysm formation due to a ruptured nontraumatic aneurysm is rare. We describe a case of ruptured aneurysm, which showed morphological change on radiological examinations. An 83-year-old woman developed subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with ventricular rupture and intracerebral hematoma in the corpus callosum. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) demonstrated an aneurysm at the right A2/3 junction of the anterior cerebral artery. CE-CT repeated 17 h after the initial one showed shortening of the lesion on both three-dimensional and raw images. The aneurysm was surgically clipped. In cases of SAH with a hematoma or thick SAH, there is a possibility that a pseudoaneurysm will form at the tip of the true aneurysm in an adjacent thrombus or existence of intraluminal thrombus. The morphology may change during the period between initial radiological evaluation and the operation in these cases. We should be aware that the intraoperative findings or subsequent radiological findings might be different from those observed on preoperative radiological examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tsukiyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kanto Rosai Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nozaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kanto Rosai Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shutaro Matsumoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kanto Rosai Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | | | - Motohiro Nomura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kanto Rosai Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
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18
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Hashimoto T, Hirai Y, Yuba E, Harada A, Kono K. Temperature-Responsive Molecular Assemblies Using Oligo(Ethylene Glycol)-Attached Polyamidoamine Dendron Lipids and their Functions as Drug Carriers. J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:jfb11010016. [PMID: 32183178 PMCID: PMC7151555 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature-responsive nanocarrier systems using external stimuli are one of the most widely investigated stimuli-responsive strategies because heat is easy and safe to use for hyperthermia and controlled drug delivery. Polyamidoamine dendron lipids (PAMAM-DLs) composed of PAMAM dendron as head group and two alkyl chains can exhibit temperature-responsive morphological change through the attachment of suitable moieties to terminal of PAMAM dendron. In this study, oligo(ethylene glycol)s including ethoxy- or methoxy-diethylene glycols were attached to the terminals of PAMAM-DL, and temperature-responsive properties of their self-assemblies were evaluated by calorimetric and turbidity measurements. In the evaluation of temperature-responsive properties, ethoxy diethylene glycol (EDEG)-attached PAMAM-DL composed of two saturated alkyl chains and PAMAM dendron with 1st generation had lipid bilayer structure and suitable cloud point for the application as drug carrier. In vitro performances of the assemblies combining EDEG-attached PAMAM-DLs with cholesteryl-oxy-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-Chol) was evaluated using doxorubicin (DOX) as an anticancer drug. Cellular uptake of DOX-loaded EDEG-attached PAMAM-DL/PEG-Chol assemblies was promoted at 42 °C rather than 37 °C, resulting in an effective decrease in cell viability.
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19
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Kawakatsu K, Ishikawa M, Mashiba R, Tran NK, Akamatsu M, Nishikata T. Characteristic Morphological Changes and Rapid Actin Accumulation in Serum-MAF-treated Macrophages. Anticancer Res 2019; 39:4533-4537. [PMID: 31366556 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Serum-derived macrophage activating factor, serum-MAF, is known to increase the phagocytic activity of macrophages by enhancing the engulfment efficiency. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying phagocytic activation, morphological changes were observed and analyzed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Morphological changes in macrophages were observed and quantitatively analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and confocal microscope. RESULTS SEM and confocal microscopy images revealed frill-like structures and active actin accumulations, respectively, in serum-MAF treated macrophages. Actin accumulation was induced within 5 min following serum-MAF treatment. CONCLUSION Serum-MAF induced a rapid rearrangement of cytoskeletal actin and enhanced phagocytic activity. Findings of the current study may contribute to the development of techniques that facilitate activation of the human immune system, which in turn may be beneficial for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumpei Kawakatsu
- Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mami Ishikawa
- Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe, Japan.,Aeras Bio Inc., Kobe, Japan
| | - Riho Mashiba
- Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ngoc Kiet Tran
- Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Minori Akamatsu
- Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takahito Nishikata
- Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe, Japan
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20
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Geladi I, De León LF, Torchin ME, Hendry AP, González R, Sharpe DM. 100-year time series reveal little morphological change following impoundment and predator invasion in two Neotropical characids. Evol Appl 2019; 12:1385-1401. [PMID: 31417622 PMCID: PMC6691216 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human activities are dramatically altering ecosystems worldwide, often resulting in shifts in selection regimes. In response, natural populations sometimes undergo rapid phenotypic changes, which, if adaptive, can increase their probability of persistence. However, in many instances, populations fail to undergo any phenotypic change, which might indicate a variety of possibilities, including maladaptation. In freshwater ecosystems, the impoundment of rivers and the introduction of exotic species are among the leading threats to native fishes. We examined how the construction of the Panama Canal, which formed Lake Gatun, and the subsequent invasion of the predatory Cichla monoculus influenced the morphology of two native fishes: Astyanax ruberrimus and Roeboides spp. Using a 100-year time series, we studied variation in overall body shape over time (before vs. after impoundment and invasion) as well as across space (between an invaded and an uninvaded reservoir). In addition, we examined variation in linear morphological traits associated with swim performance and predator detection/avoidance. Notwithstanding a few significant changes in particular traits in particular comparisons, we found only limited evidence for morphological change associated with these two stressors. Most observed changes were subtle, and tended to be site- and species-specific. The lack of a strong morphological response to these stressors, coupled with dramatic population declines in both species, suggests they may be maladapted to the anthropogenically perturbed environment of Lake Gatun, but direct measures of fitness would be needed to test this. In general, our results suggest that morphological responses to anthropogenic disturbances can be very limited and, when they do occur, are often complex and context-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilke Geladi
- Redpath Museum and Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Luis Fernando De León
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Massachusetts BostonBostonMassachusetts
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de DrogasInstituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT‐AIP)PanamaRepublic of Panama
| | - Mark E. Torchin
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteBalboa, Ancon, PanamaRepublic of Panama
| | - Andrew P. Hendry
- Redpath Museum and Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Rigoberto González
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteBalboa, Ancon, PanamaRepublic of Panama
| | - Diana M.T. Sharpe
- Redpath Museum and Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteBalboa, Ancon, PanamaRepublic of Panama
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21
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Waku T, Hirata N, Nozaki M, Nogami K, Kunugi S, Tanaka N. Morphological Transformation of Peptide Nanoassemblies through Conformational Transition of Core-forming Peptides. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 11:E39. [PMID: 30960023 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphological control of nanostructures that are composed of amphiphilic di- or tri-block molecules by external stimuli broadens their applications for molecular containers, nanoreactors, and controlled release materials. In this study, triblock amphiphiles comprising oligo(ethylene glycol), oligo(l-lysine), and tetra(l-phenylalanine) were prepared for the construction of nanostructures that can transform accompanying α-to-β transition of core-forming peptides. Circular dichroic (CD) measurements showed that the triblock amphiphiles adopted different secondary structures depending on the solvent environment: they adopt β-sheet structures in aqueous solution, while α-helix structures in 25% 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) solution under basic pH conditions. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) observation revealed that the triblock amphiphiles formed vesicle structures in 25% TFE aq. Solvent exchange from 25% TFE to water induced morphological transformation from vesicles to arc-shaped nanostructures accompanying α-β conformational transition. The transformable nanostructures may be useful as novel smart nanomaterials for molecular containers and micro reactors.
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22
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Zhang L, Zhang L, Xue F, Yue K, Peng H, Wu Y, Sha O, Yang L, Ding Y. Brain morphological alteration and cognitive dysfunction in multiple system atrophy. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2018; 8:1030-1038. [PMID: 30598880 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2018.11.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease in adults, manifesting various clinical symptoms including autonomic nerve dysfunction, Parkinson's syndrome, cerebellar ataxia, and pyramidal sign. The clinical diagnosis and classification of MSA are mainly dependent on motion and non-motion symptoms, such as autonomic nerve dysfunction. In addition, an increasing amount of clinical and pathological evidence has shown that about half of the MSA patients exhibit distinct types and levels of cognitive dysfunction. However, cognitive dysfunction has not been included in the current diagnosis criteria of MSA. In most cases, it was even used as an exclusion criterion of MSA. Based on the neuroimaging, neuropathology and neuropsychology, this review summarized the morphological changes of the brain in the patients with MSA, and discussed possible brain regions that could be associated with cognitive impairment. The article may provide a theoretical basis for incorporating cognitive dysfunction into the criteria of MSA diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fang Xue
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Kathy Yue
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Haixin Peng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ya'nan Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Ou Sha
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
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Spada E, Perego R, Baggiani L, Proverbio D. Haematological and morphological evaluation of feline whole blood units collected for transfusion purposes. J Feline Med Surg 2018; 21:732-740. [PMID: 30226393 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x18798841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the increasing availability of feline blood collected and stored for transfusion purposes, few studies have been performed on feline blood units. The aim of this prospective in vitro study was to evaluate haematological and morphological changes in feline blood cells in whole blood units between collection and end of storage. METHODS Haematological examination (red blood cells [RBCs], haemoglobin, haematocrit, red cell distribution width, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, mean cell haemoglobin, white blood cells [WBCs] and platelet [PLT] count) was performed on 40 non-leukoreduced feline whole blood units at the time of collection (day[D]0) and after storage (D35). The blood was collected into citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine anticoagulant-preservative solution using an open system in a veterinary blood bank and stored for 35 days at 4 ± 2°C. Twenty of these feline whole blood units were also analysed for blood cell morphology (normal RBCs, macrocytes, echinocytes, spherocytes, schistocytes, lysed RBCs, RBCs with Heinz bodies and recognisable WBC and PLT count). Differences between the two examination times were statistically analysed. RESULTS There was a statistically significant decrease in WBC and PLT counts after storage at D35 (P <0.0001 for both). The most significant cellular morphological changes after storage were an increase in echinocyte count (P = 0.0001), and lysed RBCs (P <0.0001), and a decrease in normal RBCs (P <0.0001). Recognisable WBCs - mainly lymphocytes - were present at the end of storage. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study showed that significant morphological changes occur in RBCs in feline blood units during storage for 35 days. In vivo studies are required to establish if these changes could affect the ability of stored RBCs to circulate and provide adequate oxygen delivery after transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Spada
- Veterinary Transfusion Research Laboratory (REVLab), Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Perego
- Veterinary Transfusion Research Laboratory (REVLab), Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luciana Baggiani
- Veterinary Transfusion Research Laboratory (REVLab), Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Proverbio
- Veterinary Transfusion Research Laboratory (REVLab), Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Deng L, Meng W, Li D, Qiu D, Wang S, Liu H. The effect of ozone on hypoxia, hemolysis and morphological change of blood from patients with aortic dissection (AD): a preliminary in vitro experiment of ozonated autohemotherapy for treating AD. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:1829-1840. [PMID: 30018723 PMCID: PMC6038082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of ozone on hypoxia, hemolysis and morphological change of blood from aortic dissection (AD) patients for providing preliminary evidence of application of ozonated autohemotherapy (Ozone-AHT) in AD patients. 20 AD patients and 20 healthy volunteers were consecutively included, and blood samples were collected from all participants and ozonized in vitro. PO2, SO2, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malformation percentage, morphology change and spatial distribution of filamentous actin (F-actin) in erythrocytes at different ozone concentrations were evaluated. After ozonation of whole blood, the median levels of PO2 and SO2 increased under Ozone concentrations at 40 μg/mL, 80 μg/mL and 160 μg/mL compared with samples exposed to 0 μg/mL in both AD group and control group. The MDA level was similar in samples exposed to 0 μg/mL, 40 μg/mL and 80 μg/mL ozone, while the levels of SOD increased in samples exposed to 40 μg/mL and 80 μg/mL in both AD group and control group. Compared with the samples exposed to 0 μg/mL ozone, FHb level only increased in samples exposed to 80 μg/mL and 160 μg/mL Ozone in both AD group and control group. In addition, overdosed ozone (160 μg/mL) but not therapeutic ozone concentrations (0 μg/mL, 40 μg/mL and 80 μg/mL) increased malformation percentage and morphology change of erythrocytes in both AD group and control group. In conclusion, Ozone improves oxygen content and reduces oxidative damage in blood from AD patients, and therapeutic dose ozone do not induce hemolysis and morphology change of erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Weixin Meng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Institute of Keshan Disease, National Center for Endemic Disease Control, Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Dongyun Qiu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Siqing Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin, China
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Ding X, Yu C, Liu Y, Yan S, Li W, Wang D, Sun L, Han Y, Li M, Zhang S, Yun F, Zhao H, Li Y. Chronic obstructive sleep apnea accelerates pulmonary remodeling via TGF-β/miR-185/CoLA1 signaling in a canine model. Oncotarget 2018; 7:57545-57555. [PMID: 27542203 PMCID: PMC5295371 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is considered to be associated with pulmonary diseases. However, the roles and mechanisms of OSA in pulmonary remodeling remain ambiguous. Thus, this study was aimed to elucidate the morphological and mechanical action of OSA in lung remodeling. In the present study, we employed a novel OSA model to mimic the OSA patient and investigate the role of OSA in pulmonary remodeling. We showed that pulmonary artery pressure of OSA group has no significant increased compared with the sham group. Nevertheless, we found that fibrotic tissue was predominantly located around the bronchi and vascular in the lung. Additionally, inflammatory cell infiltration was also detected in the peribonchial and perivascular space. The morphological change in OSA canines was ascertained by ultrastructure variation characterized by mitochondrial swelling, lamellar bodies degeneration and vascular smooth muscle incrassation. Moreover, sympathetic nerve sprouting was markedly increased in OSA group. Mechanistically, we showed that several pivotal proteins including collagen type I(CoLA1), GAP-43, TH and NGF were highly expressed in OSA groups. Furthermore, we found OSA could activated the expression of TGF-β, which subsequently suppressed miR-185 and promoted CoL A1 expression. This signaling cascade leads to pulmonary remodeling. In conclusion, Our data demonstrates that OSA can accelerate the progression of pulmonary remodeling through TGF-β/miR-185/CoLA1 signaling, which would potentially provide therapeutic strategies for chronic OSAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Ding
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Chengyuan Yu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Sen Yan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Wenpeng Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Dingyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Fengxiang Yun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiac Diseases and Heart Failure, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China.,Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
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Arai H, Miyakawa K, Denda T, Mizukami T, Horie Y, Izawa N, Hirakawa M, Ogura T, Tsuda T, Sunakawa Y, Nakajima TE. Early morphological change for predicting outcome in metastatic colorectal cancer after regorafenib. Oncotarget 2017; 8:110530-110539. [PMID: 29299166 PMCID: PMC5746401 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective It is unclear whether early morphological change (EMC) is a predictive marker for regorafenib in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Therefore, the present study investigated whether EMC can predict the outcome of mCRC patients receiving regorafenib. Results This study evaluated 68 patients. Among 52 patients with lung metastasis, 16 (31%) had cavity formation (CF). The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with/without CF were 4.2/2.4 months (p<0.01) and 9.2/6.5 months (p=0.09), respectively. Among 45 patients with liver metastasis, 14 (31%) had active morphological response (MR). The median PFS and OS in patients with/without active MR were 5.3/2.4 months (p<0.01) and 13.6/6.9 months (p=0.02), respectively. Overall, 25 patients (37%) had EMC. The median PFS and OS in patients with/without EMC were 5.3/2.1 months (p<0.01) and 13.3/6.1 months (p<0.01), respectively. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included mCRC patients with lung and/or liver metastases receiving regorafenib. CF in lung metastasis and MR in liver metastasis were evaluated at the first post-treatment computed tomography scan. EMC was determined as CF and/or active MR. We compared PFS and OS between patients with and those without EMC. Conclusions EMC could be a useful predictive marker for regorafenib in mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Arai
- Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kunihisa Miyakawa
- Department of Radiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Tadamichi Denda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuro Mizukami
- Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Horie
- Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Naoki Izawa
- Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Mami Hirakawa
- Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogura
- Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsuda
- Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yu Sunakawa
- Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Takako Eguchi Nakajima
- Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
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Takasaki Y, Nagata N, Imbe K, Hisada Y, Sekine K, Tajima T, Yanase M, Fujimoto K, Akiyama J, Uemura N. Effect of low-dose aspirin use on pancreatic cancer development and morphological changes on imaging in IPMN: A long-term cohort study. United European Gastroenterol J 2017; 5:1030-1036. [PMID: 29163970 DOI: 10.1177/2050640617693524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aspirin use may reduce the incidence of pancreatic cancer (PC), but no data are available regarding its chemopreventive effects on intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). We aimed to determine whether low-dose aspirin (LDA) reduces PC development and morphological changes on imaging in IPMN patients. Methods A cohort of 448 IPMN patients periodically followed up with imaging tests was analyzed. We used one-to-two propensity score matching to adjust for differences between an LDA group (n = 63) and a non-LDA group (n = 385). Outcomes included increasing cyst diameter, increasing main pancreatic duct (MPD) diameter, mural nodule (MN) appearance and PC development. Results After matching, 63 LDA and 126 non-LDA patients were selected. During follow-up (median, 5.5 years), no significant differences were found in increasing cyst diameter, MN appearance, or PC development. However, there were significantly fewer cases of increasing MPD diameter in the LDA group (4.8% vs. 12.7%; p = 0.02). After adjustment for age and sex, LDA still decreased the risk of increasing MPD diameter (hazard ratio, 0.17; p = 0.02). Conclusion Our results do not support a chemopreventive effect of LDA on PC development. However, LDA reduces further MPD dilation in IPMN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyoshi Nagata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koh Imbe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuya Hisada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Sekine
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tajima
- Department of Radiology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikio Yanase
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuma Fujimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Junichi Akiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomi Uemura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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Nomura M, Mori K, Fukui I, Yanagimoto K, Shima H, Muramatsu N. Pseudoaneurysm at M3 of the middle cerebral artery: Morphological changes on serial radiological examinations. Neuroradiol J 2017; 31:317-319. [PMID: 29125049 DOI: 10.1177/1971400917741904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 20-year-old man presented with consciousness disturbance and hemiparesis, and computed tomography demonstrated subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage. Angiography on admission demonstrated a slight irregularity of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) branch. Angiography on the 12th day showed a suspicious lesion at M3 of the left MCA. Angiography performed 24 days after the onset disclosed an aneurysm at M3. The aneurysm was trapped and resected after superficial temporal artery-MCA bypass. Pathological examinations revealed that this distal aneurysm was a pseudoaneurysm without vascular components in its dome. Although a lesion that may cause subarachnoid or intracerebral hemorrhage was not detected on the initial angiography, repeated examinations revealed the atypical vascular lesion in distal MCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Nomura
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Kanto Rosai Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kentaro Mori
- 2 Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Issei Fukui
- 2 Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kunio Yanagimoto
- 3 Department of Pathology, Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shima
- 4 Department of Neurosurgery, Shima Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Clinic, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Naoki Muramatsu
- 5 Department of Neurosurgery, Komatsu Municipal Hospital, Komatsu, Japan
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Kono K, Tanikawa C, Yanagita T, Kamioka H, Yamashiro T. A Novel Method to Detect 3D Mandibular Changes Related to Soft-Diet Feeding. Front Physiol 2017; 8:567. [PMID: 28855872 PMCID: PMC5557733 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial morphology varies among individuals, which is regulated by the interaction between genes and the environment. Soft-diet feeding is a widely-used experimental model for studying the association between the skeletal morphology and muscle-related loading on the bone. Traditionally, these studies have been based on linear and angular measurements provided on two-dimensional (2D) radiographs in the lateral view. However, 2D observation is based on simplification of the anatomical structures and cannot detect three-dimensional (3D) changes in detail. In this study, we newly developed a modified surface-based analysis with micro-3D computed tomography (CT) to examine and detect the 3D changes in the mandible associated with soft-diet feeding. Mice at 3 weeks of age were fed a powdered soft-diet (SD) or hard-diet (HD) of regular rodent pellets until 9 weeks of age. Micro-CT images were taken at age 9 weeks to reconstruct the anatomical architecture images. A computer-generated averaged mandible was superimposed to directly visualize the morphological phenotypes. Gross observation revealed the apparent changes at the posterior body of the mandible, the angular process and the condyle between HD and SD mice. Significant differences in the mapping indicated the regions of significant displacement in the SD mice over the averaged 3D image of the HD mice. This map revealed that vertical displacement was most evident in 3D changes. We also noted a combination of vertical, transverse and anteroposterior directions of displacement in the condylar growth, resulting in complicated shape changes in the whole condylar process in SD mice. In contrast, transverse displacement was more significant in the coronoid process. The map analysis further showed the significant outward displacement of the inner surface of the alveolar process, which consequently resulted in thinning of the alveolar process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Kono
- Department of Orthodontics, Okayama University HospitalOkayama, Japan
| | - Chihiro Tanikawa
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yanagita
- Department of Orthodontics, Okayama University HospitalOkayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kamioka
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityOkayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamashiro
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
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Zhang J, Ye KP, Zhang X, Pan DD, Sun YY, Cao JX. Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Action of Black Pepper Essential Oil on Meat-Borne Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2017; 7:2094. [PMID: 28101081 PMCID: PMC5209337 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of black pepper essential oil (BPEO) on Escherichia coli, further evaluate the potential mechanism of action. Results showed that the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of BPEO was 1.0 μL/mL. The diameter of inhibition zone values were with range from 17.12 to 26.13 mm. 2 × MIC treatments had lower membrane potential and shorter kill-time than 1 × MIC, while control had the highest values. E. coli treated with BPEO became deformed, pitted, shriveled, adhesive, and broken. 2 × MIC exhibited the greatest electric conductivity at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13 h, leaked DNA materials at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, and 28 h, proteins at 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 h, potassium ion at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 h, phosphate ion at 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 h and ATP (P < 0.05); 1 × MIC had higher values than control. BPEO led to the leakage, disorder and death by breaking cell membrane. This study suggested that the BPEO has potential as the natural antibacterial agent in meat industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province - Department of Food Science, Ningbo University Ningbo, China
| | - Ke-Ping Ye
- Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing - Ministry of Agriculture, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province - Department of Food Science, Ningbo University Ningbo, China
| | - Dao-Dong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province - Department of Food Science, Ningbo University Ningbo, China
| | - Yang-Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province - Department of Food Science, Ningbo University Ningbo, China
| | - Jin-Xuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province - Department of Food Science, Ningbo University Ningbo, China
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Demirdjian B, Bedu F, Ranguis A, Ozerov I, Karapetyan A, Henry CR. Indirect Nanoplasmonic Sensing to Probe with a High Sensitivity the Interaction of Water Vapor with Soot Aerosols. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:4148-4152. [PMID: 26722790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate in this work that the indirect nanoplasmonic sensing lets us follow the adsorption/desorption of water molecules on soot particles that are a major contributor of the global warming. Increasing the relative humidity of the surrounding medium we measure a shift in wavelength of the localized surface plasmon resonance response of gold nanodisks on which soot particles are deposited. We show a singular and reversible blue shift with hydrophilic aircraft soot particles interpreted from a basic model as a reversible morphological change of the soot aggregates. This new method is highly sensitive and interesting to follow the change of optical properties of aerosols during their aging in the atmosphere, where they can adsorb and react with different gas molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frederic Bedu
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CINaM UMR 7325, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Alain Ranguis
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CINaM UMR 7325, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Igor Ozerov
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CINaM UMR 7325, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Artak Karapetyan
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CINaM UMR 7325, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Claude R Henry
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CINaM UMR 7325, 13288 Marseille, France
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Zhang Y, Peng C, Zhou Z, Duan R, Ji H, Che Y, Zhao J. Giant morphological change in layered microribbons featuring reversible sliding of stacking layers. Adv Mater 2015; 27:320-325. [PMID: 25382252 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201404121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A light-induced giant lateral or longitudinal morphological change in layered microribbons is reported. This morphological change originates from the directional sliding of the stacking layers with respect to one another between their polar surfaces, into which the photoexcited intermolecular non-bonded distortion is translated. Upon exposure to an electron beam, the laterally displaced layers slide back to their original positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
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Kumasaka A, Iikubo M, Nishioka T, Kojima I, Shoji N, Sakamoto M, Sasano T. Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Inhibits Alveolar Bone Loss Following Tooth Extraction in Rats. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2014; 17:1174-9. [PMID: 24852941 DOI: 10.1111/cid.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alveolar bone is often lost after tooth extraction. Few studies have assessed the longitudinal changes in bone volume that occur within these extraction sites. PURPOSE To investigate the longitudinal morphological changes in extraction sockets following sustained continuous subcutaneous infusion of human recombinant insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen rats were subjected to right mandibular first molar extraction. Experimental rats (n = 7) received a continuous subcutaneous infusion of human recombinant IGF-I (320 mg/day) for 3 weeks by osmotic minipump. Control animals were treated with saline via the same method (n = 7). All rats were then housed for an additional 3 weeks. Micro-CT scanning was performed immediately after tooth extraction and at 1, 2, 3, and 6 weeks after extraction. RESULTS New bone formation was markedly higher in the IGF-I-treated group as compared with the control group. The loss in alveolar ridge height in the IGF-I group was significantly lower than that in the control group at each time point after extraction on the buccal side and at 2, 3, and 6 weeks on the lingual side. CONCLUSIONS IGF-I treatment increases the volume of newly formed bone and reduces the loss in alveolar ridge height following tooth extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kumasaka
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masahiro Iikubo
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishioka
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ikuho Kojima
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Noriaki Shoji
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Maya Sakamoto
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Sasano
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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Hoshina K, Hashimoto T, Kato M, Ohkubo N, Shigematsu K, Miyata T. Feasibility of endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair outside of the instructions for use and morphological changes at 3 years after the procedure. Ann Vasc Dis 2014; 7:34-9. [PMID: 24719660 DOI: 10.3400/avd.oa.13-00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We retrospectively analyzed outcomes of patients who had undergone endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) more than 3 years previously in a single institution. We compared outcomes between patients who underwent EVAR within and outside of the devices' instructions for use (IFU) and examined mid-term morphological changes in AAA. METHODS A total of 275 patients who underwent EVAR for AAA were selected. IFU parameters included aneurysmal neck length, angulation and presence of massive atheroma. Patients were divided into 2 groups: the Within IFU group (W-IFU: n = 193) and the Outside of IFU group (O-IFU: n = 82). RESULTS Patients in the O-IFU group were older and had a larger AAA diameter. Other comorbid factors were similar between the 2 groups. There was no difference in overall survival rates and reintervention rates between the 2 groups. The most common cause for reintervention was AAA enlargement 3 years after EVAR. Irrespective of the IFU, mid-term morphological changes, including neck angulation, neck diameter, sac re-expansion, and Palmaz stent displacement, were found. CONCLUSION Outcomes of EVAR were considered acceptable in the O-IFU group. Careful follow-up is necessary considering the morphological changes in AAAs after EVAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyuki Hoshina
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Hashimoto
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Morinomiya Hospital, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Ohkubo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Morinomiya Hospital, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Shigematsu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Miyata
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Liao TT, Wang L, Jia RW, Fu XH, Chua H. Lipophilic organic pollutants induce changes in phospholipid and membrane protein composition leading to Vero cell morphological change. J Environ Sci Health B 2014; 49:760-768. [PMID: 25065828 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2014.929868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Membrane damage related to morphological change in Vero cells is a sensitive index of the composite biotoxicity of trace lipophilic chemicals. However, judging whether the morphological change in Vero cells happens and its ratio are difficult because it is not a quantitative characteristic. To find biomarkers of cell morphological change for quantitatively representing the ratio of morphological changed cell, the mechanism of cell membrane damage driven by typical lipophilic chemicals, such as trichlorophenol (TCP) and perfluorooctanesulphonate (PFOS), was explored. The ratio of morphologically changed cells generally increased with increased TCP or PFOS concentrations, and the level of four major components of phospholipids varied with concentrations of TCP or PFOS, but only the ratio of phosphatidylcholine (PC)/phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) decreased regularly as TCP or PFOS concentrations increased. Analysis of membrane proteins showed that the level of vimentin in normal cell membranes is high, while it decreases or vanishes after TCP exposure. These variations in phospholipid and membrane protein components may result in membrane leakage and variation in rigid structure, which leads to changes in cell morphology. Therefore, the ratio of PC/PE and amount of vimentin may be potential biomarkers for representing the ratio of morphological changed Vero cell introduced by trace lipophilic compounds, thus their composite bio-toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting T Liao
- a College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse , Tongji University , Shanghai , China
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Abstract
In this paper, we provide a historical account of the contribution of a single line of research to our current understanding of the structure of cis-regulatory regions and the genetic basis for morphological evolution. We revisit the experiments that shed light on the evolution of larval cuticular patterns within the genus Drosophila and the evolution and structure of the shavenbaby gene. We describe the experiments that led to the discovery that multiple genetic changes in the cis-regulatory region of shavenbaby caused the loss of dorsal cuticular hairs (quaternary trichomes) in first instar larvae of Drosophila sechellia. We also discuss the experiments that showed that the convergent loss of quaternary trichomes in D. sechellia and Drosophila ezoana was generated by parallel genetic changes in orthologous enhancers of shavenbaby. We discuss the observation that multiple shavenbaby enhancers drive overlapping patterns of expression in the embryo and that these apparently redundant enhancers ensure robust shavenbaby expression and trichome morphogenesis under stressful conditions. All together, these data, collected over 13 years, provide a fundamental case study in the fields of gene regulation and morphological evolution, and highlight the importance of prolonged, detailed studies of single genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L. Stern
- Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147-2408, USA
| | - Nicolás Frankel
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, IEGEBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Kurita M, Momma M, Mizuguchi K, Nakano H. Fluorescence color change of aggregation-induced emission of 4-[bis(4-methylphenyl)amino]benzaldehyde. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:3898-901. [PMID: 24288283 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Together we shine: Fluorescence color change of 4-[bis(4-methylphenyl)amino]benzaldehyde (BMABA) could be induced by vigorous stirring and heating of the suspension. This is attributed to a morphological change of the particles from an amorphous state to a crystalline state; therefore, BMABA is identified as a new aggregation-induced emission material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Kurita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1, Mizumoto-cho, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 143 46 5701
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Hamada T, Hagihara H, Morita M, Vestergaard MC, Tsujino Y, Takagi M. Physicochemical Profiling of Surfactant-Induced Membrane Dynamics in a Cell-Sized Liposome. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:430-5. [PMID: 26285862 DOI: 10.1021/jz2016044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We used a cell-sized model system, giant liposomes, to investigate the interaction between lipid membranes and surfactants, and the membrane transformation during the solubilization process was captured in real time. We found that there are four distinct dynamics in surfactant-induced membrane deformation: an episodic increase in the membrane area prior to pore-forming associated shrinkage (Dynamics A), fission into many small liposomes (Dynamics B), the formation of multilamellar vesicles and peeling (Dynamics C), and bursting (Dynamics D). Classification of the diversity of membrane dynamics may contribute to a better understanding of the physicochemical mechanism of membrane solubilization induced by various surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Hamada
- †School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Hagihara
- †School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Masamune Morita
- †School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Mun'delanji C Vestergaard
- †School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Yoshio Tsujino
- ‡Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8 Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba 288-0025, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takagi
- †School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
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Hoshi A, Oshima K, Kakizawa S, Ishii Y, Ozeki J, Hashimoto M, Komatsu K, Kagiwada S, Yamaji Y, Namba S. A unique virulence factor for proliferation and dwarfism in plants identified from a phytopathogenic bacterium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:6416-21. [PMID: 19329488 PMCID: PMC2669400 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0813038106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2008] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most important themes in agricultural science is the identification of virulence factors involved in plant disease. Here, we show that a single virulence factor, tengu-su inducer (TENGU), induces witches' broom and dwarfism and is a small secreted protein of the plant-pathogenic bacterium, phytoplasma. When tengu was expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana plants, these plants showed symptoms of witches' broom and dwarfism, which are typical of phytoplasma infection. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines expressing tengu exhibited similar symptoms, confirming the effects of tengu expression on plants. Although the localization of phytoplasma was restricted to the phloem, TENGU protein was detected in apical buds by immunohistochemical analysis, suggesting that TENGU was transported from the phloem to other cells. Microarray analyses showed that auxin-responsive genes were significantly down-regulated in the tengu-transgenic plants compared with GUS-transgenic control plants. These results suggest that TENGU inhibits auxin-related pathways, thereby affecting plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Hoshi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; and
| | - Kenro Oshima
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; and
| | - Shigeyuki Kakizawa
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; and
| | - Yoshiko Ishii
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; and
| | - Johji Ozeki
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; and
| | - Masayoshi Hashimoto
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; and
| | - Ken Komatsu
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; and
| | - Satoshi Kagiwada
- Department of Clinical Plant Science, Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry, Hosei University, 3-7-2 Kajinocho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8584, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Yamaji
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; and
| | - Shigetou Namba
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; and
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Osumi N, Kakehashi Y, Matsumoto S, Nagaoka K, Sakai J, Miyashita K, Kimura M, Asakawa S. Identification of the gene for disaggregatase from Methanosarcina mazei. Archaea 2008; 2:185-91. [PMID: 19054745 PMCID: PMC2685598 DOI: 10.1155/2008/949458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2007] [Accepted: 03/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The gene sequences encoding disaggregatase (Dag), the enzyme responsible for dispersion of cell aggregates of Methanosarcina mazei to single cells, were determined for three strains of M. mazei (S-6(T), LYC and TMA). The dag genes of the three strains were 3234 bp in length and had almost the same sequences with 97% amino acid sequence identities. Dag was predicted to comprise 1077 amino acid residues and to have a molecular mass of 120 kDa containing three repeats of the DNRLRE domain in the C terminus, which is specific to the genus Methanosarcina and may be responsible for structural organization and cell wall function. Recombinant Dag was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and preparations of the expressed protein exhibited enzymatic activity. The RT-PCR analysis showed that dag was transcribed to mRNA in M. mazei LYC and indicated that the gene was expressed in vivo. This is the first time the gene involved in the morphological change of Methanosarcina spp. from aggregate to single cells has been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Osumi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kakehashi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Present address: Kirin Food-Tech Company Ltd., Takasago 676-0028, Japan
| | - Shiho Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Present address: Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kazunari Nagaoka
- Kyushu National Agricultural Experiment Station, Nishigoshi 861-1192, Japan
- Present address: National Agricultural Research Center, Tsukuba 305-8666, Japan
| | - Junichi Sakai
- Kyushu National Agricultural Experiment Station, Nishigoshi 861-1192, Japan
- Present address: National Agricultural Research Center for Tohoku Region, Morioka 020-0198, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Miyashita
- National Institute of Agro-environmental Sciences, Tsukuba 305-8604, Japan
| | - Makoto Kimura
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Susumu Asakawa
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Kyushu National Agricultural Experiment Station, Nishigoshi 861-1192, Japan
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Gokoh M, Kishimoto S, Oka S, Mori M, Waku K, Ishima Y, Sugiura T. 2-arachidonoylglycerol, an endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand, induces rapid actin polymerization in HL-60 cells differentiated into macrophage-like cells. Biochem J 2005; 386:583-9. [PMID: 15456404 PMCID: PMC1134878 DOI: 10.1042/bj20041163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2004] [Revised: 09/07/2004] [Accepted: 09/30/2004] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, a major psychoactive constituent of marijuana, interacts with specific receptors, i.e. the cannabinoid receptors, thereby eliciting a variety of pharmacological responses. To date, two types of cannabinoid receptors have been identified: the CB1 receptor, which is abundantly expressed in the nervous system, and the CB2 receptor, which is predominantly expressed in the immune system. Previously, we investigated in detail the structure-activity relationship of various cannabinoid receptor ligands and found that 2-AG (2-arachidonoylglycerol) is the most efficacious agonist. We have proposed that 2-AG is the true natural ligand for both the CB1 and CB2 receptors. Despite the potential physiological importance of 2-AG, not much information is available concerning its biological activities towards mammalian tissues and cells. In the present study, we examined the effect of 2-AG on morphology as well as the actin filament system in differentiated HL-60 cells, which express the CB2 receptor. We found that 2-AG induces rapid morphological changes such as the extension of pseudopods. We also found that it provokes a rapid actin polymerization in these cells. Actin polymerization induced by 2-AG was abolished when cells were treated with SR144528, a CB2 receptor antagonist, and pertussis toxin, suggesting that the response was mediated by the CB2 receptor and G(i/o). A phosphoinositide 3-kinase, Rho family small G-proteins and a tyrosine kinase were also suggested to be involved. Reorganization of the actin filament system is known to be indispensable for a variety of cellular events; it is possible that 2-AG plays physiologically essential roles in various inflammatory cells and immune-competent cells by inducing a rapid actin rearrangement.
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Key Words
- actin polymerization
- anandamide
- 2-arachidonoylglycerol
- cannabinoid
- macrophage
- morphological change
- 2-ag, 2-arachidonoylglycerol
- δ9-thc, δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol
- f-actin, filamentous actin
- il, interleukin
- mapk, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- nbd-phallacidin, 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-phallacidin
- 1,25(oh)2d3, 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin d3
- pi3k, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- ptx, pertussis toxin
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Gokoh
- *Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Sagamiko, Kanagawa 199-0195, Japan
| | - Seishi Kishimoto
- *Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Sagamiko, Kanagawa 199-0195, Japan
| | - Saori Oka
- *Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Sagamiko, Kanagawa 199-0195, Japan
| | - Masahiro Mori
- *Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Sagamiko, Kanagawa 199-0195, Japan
| | - Keizo Waku
- *Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Sagamiko, Kanagawa 199-0195, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ishima
- †Ishima Institute for Neurosciences, Kunitachi, Tokyo 186-0002, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sugiura
- *Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Sagamiko, Kanagawa 199-0195, Japan
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Masui H, Garren LD. Inhibition of replication in functional mouse adrenal tumor cells by adrenocorticotropic hormone mediated by adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1971; 68:3206-10. [PMID: 4332015 PMCID: PMC389622 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.68.12.3206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) inhibited replication in functional adrenal tumor cells with a concomitant stimulation of steroidogenesis and a characteristic change of morphology from a flattened to a spherical type. [(3)H]Thymidine incorporation into DNA was inhibited by about 50% 6 hours after ACTH treatment. Both cyclic AMP and dibutyryl cyclic AMP inhibited [(3)H]thymidine incorporation and caused the characteristic morphological change noted with ACTH. The extent of stimulation of steroidogenesis and the amount of inhibition of [(3)H]thymidine incorporation in response to various doses of ACTH were closely related and both were in parallel with the concentration of cyclic AMP in the cells. Cyclic GMP and cyclic IMP did not inhibit [(3)H]thymidine incorporation significantly, and did not change the morphology of the cells. AMP inhibited [(3)H]thymidine incorporation into DNA and caused the characteristic morphological change. However, AMP did not increase the cyclic AMP content of the cells. CMP, GMP, and UMP showed a significant inhibition of [(3)H]thymidine incorporation into DNA, but the extent of the inhibition was much less than that with AMP. These nucleotides did not change the morphology of the cells.
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