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Poon P, Bell RF, Good P. Should subanaesthetic ketamine be considered when managing opioid refractory cancer pain? J Pain Symptom Manage 2024:S0885-3924(24)00746-2. [PMID: 38729533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2024.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
In the cancer pain setting, ketamine has been typically employed as a co-analgesic for opioid refractory and neuropathic pain. One controversial topic is whether subanaesthetic ketamine be considered when managing opioid refractory cancer pain. In this "Controversies in Palliative Care" article, three clinicians independently answer this question. Specifically, each clinician provides a synopsis of the key studies that inform their thought processes, share practical advice on their clinical approach, and highlight the opportunities for future research. Three independent clinicians reported a divergence of opinion regarding the usefulness of subanaesthetic ketamine for managing opioid refractory cancer pain. All investigators acknowledged the lack of high-quality trials. All agreed on the need for adequately powered trials, the development of standardized methodology, and the exploration of any patient sub-populations that may benefit from ketamine for cancer related pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Poon
- Monash University Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Clayton, VIC. Australia; Supportive & Palliative Care Department, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC. Australia.
| | - Rae Frances Bell
- Regional Centre of Excellence in Palliative Care, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Phillip Good
- Department of Palliative Care, St Vincent's Private Hospital Brisbane Qld, Australia.; Department of Palliative and Supportive Care, Mater Health Brisbane, Qld, Australia.; Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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Yao C, Fang X, Ru Q, Li W, Li J, Mehsein Z, Tolias KF, Li L. Tiam1-mediated maladaptive plasticity underlying morphine tolerance and hyperalgesia. Brain 2024:awae106. [PMID: 38577773 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Opioid pain medications, such as morphine, remain the mainstay for treating severe and chronic pain. Prolonged morphine use, however, triggers analgesic tolerance and hyperalgesia (OIH), which can last for a long period after morphine withdrawal. How morphine induces these detrimental side effects remains unclear. Here, we show that morphine tolerance and OIH are mediated by Tiam1-coordinated synaptic structural and functional plasticity in the spinal nociceptive network. Tiam1 is a Rac1 GTPase guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that promotes excitatory synaptogenesis by modulating actin cytoskeletal dynamics. We found that prolonged morphine treatment activated Tiam1 in the spinal dorsal horn and Tiam1 ablation from spinal neurons eliminated morphine antinociceptive tolerance and OIH. At the same time, the pharmacological blockade of Tiam1-Rac1 signaling prevented the development and reserved the established tolerance and OIH. Prolonged morphine treatment increased dendritic spine density and synaptic NMDA receptor (NMDAR) activity in spinal dorsal horn neurons, both of which required Tiam1. Furthermore, co-administration of the Tiam1 signaling inhibitor NSC23766 was sufficient to abrogate morphine tolerance in chronic pain management. These findings identify Tiam1-mediated maladaptive plasticity in the spinal nociceptive network as an underlying cause for the development and maintenance of morphine tolerance and OIH and provide a promising therapeutic target to reduce tolerance and prolong morphine use in chronic pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqun Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35025, USA
| | - Xing Fang
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qin Ru
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35025, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35025, USA
| | - Zeinab Mehsein
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35025, USA
| | - Kimberley F Tolias
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lingyong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35025, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Galili SF, Nikolajsen L, Bech BH, Kirkegaard H, Ahrensberg J. As-needed opioid dosing for emergency patients with a daily use of opioids. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2024; 68:410-416. [PMID: 37877497 DOI: 10.1111/aas.14351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with a daily use of opioids have a higher risk of insufficient pain treatment during hospitalization than other patients. This study aimed to examine whether as-needed opioid doses (PRN) were adequately adjusted when patients were admitted to the emergency department (ED) with pain. METHODS Patients, with a daily use of opioids, who received PRN opioid within the first 3 h after admission at the ED at Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark, were prospectively included from February 2021 to June 2021. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients receiving an inadequate initial dose of PRN opioid, here defined as <15% of daily dose of opioids (DDO) based on sparse evidence, but aligning with the prevailing clinical practice. Secondary outcomes included risk of an inadequate PRN dose in relation to DDO (patients were dichotomized into two groups (DDO <60 or ≥60 mg/day). RESULTS Among 252 patients admitted to the ED with a daily use of opioids, 149 were admitted with pain and 82 received a PRN opioid dose within 3 h. Twenty-seven out of 82 (33%) patients received a PRN dose of <15% of DDO (95% CI: 23.7-43). When dichotomised; 10 out of 50 (20%) patients with a DDO <60 mg/day (95% CI: 10.0-33.7) versus 17 out of 32 (53.1%) patients with a DDO ≥60 mg/day (95% CI: 34.7-70.9) received an inadequate PRN dose (relative risk, RR: 2.65 [95% CI: 1.4-5.1]). CONCLUSIONS Patients with daily use of opioids presenting in the ED with acute pain had a high risk of inadequate PRN opioid dose, especially if the DDO was high. Awareness about and education focusing on sufficient PRN doses for patients with a daily use of opioids is (still) called for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Fjendbo Galili
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Research Centre for Emergency Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lone Nikolajsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bodil Hammer Bech
- Research Unit for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hans Kirkegaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Research Centre for Emergency Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jette Ahrensberg
- Research Centre for Emergency Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Churchill CC, Peterson CD, Kitto KF, Pflepsen KR, Belur LR, McIvor RS, Vulchanova L, Wilcox GL, Fairbanks CA. Adeno-associated virus-mediated gene transfer of arginine decarboxylase to the central nervous system prevents opioid analgesic tolerance. Front Pain Res (Lausanne) 2024; 4:1269017. [PMID: 38405182 PMCID: PMC10884299 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1269017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Agmatine, a decarboxylated form of L-arginine, prevents opioid analgesic tolerance, dependence, and self-administration when given by both central and systemic routes of administration. Endogenous agmatine has been previously detected in the central nervous system. The presence of a biochemical pathway for agmatine synthesis offers the opportunity for site-specific overexpression of the presumptive synthetic enzyme for local therapeutic effects. In the present study, we evaluated the development of opioid analgesic tolerance in ICR-CD1 mice pre-treated with either vehicle control or intrathecally delivered adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV) carrying the gene for human arginine decarboxylase (hADC). Vehicle-treated or AAV-hADC-treated mice were each further divided into two groups which received repeated delivery over three days of either saline or systemically-delivered morphine intended to induce opioid analgesic tolerance. Morphine analgesic dose-response curves were constructed in all subjects on day four using the warm water tail flick assay as the dependent measure. We observed that pre-treatment with AAV-hADC prevented the development of analgesic tolerance to morphine. Peripheral and central nervous system tissues were collected and analyzed for presence of hADC mRNA. In a similar experiment, AAV-hADC pre-treatment prevented the development of analgesic tolerance to a high dose of the opioid neuropeptide endomorphin-2. Intrathecal delivery of anti-agmatine IgG (but not normal IgG) reversed the inhibition of endomorphin-2 analgesic tolerance in AAV-hADC-treated mice. To summarize, we report here the effects of AAV-mediated gene transfer of human ADC (hADC) in models of opioid-induced analgesic tolerance. This study suggests that gene therapy may contribute to reducing opioid analgesic tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline C. Churchill
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Cristina D. Peterson
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Kelley F. Kitto
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Kelsey R. Pflepsen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Lalitha R. Belur
- Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - R. Scott McIvor
- Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Lucy Vulchanova
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - George L. Wilcox
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Carolyn A. Fairbanks
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Han X, Pinto LG, Vilar B, McNaughton PA. Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia and Tolerance Are Driven by HCN Ion Channels. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1368232023. [PMID: 38124021 PMCID: PMC11059424 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1368-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to opioids causes an enhanced sensitivity to painful stimuli (opioid-induced hyperalgesia, OIH) and a need for increased opioid doses to maintain analgesia (opioid-induced tolerance, OIT), but the mechanisms underlying both processes remain obscure. We found that pharmacological block or genetic deletion of HCN2 ion channels in primary nociceptive neurons of male mice completely abolished OIH but had no effect on OIT. Conversely, pharmacological inhibition of central HCN channels alleviated OIT but had no effect on OIH. Expression of C-FOS, a marker of neuronal activity, was increased in second-order neurons of the dorsal spinal cord by induction of OIH, and the increase was prevented by peripheral block or genetic deletion of HCN2, but block of OIT by spinal block of HCN channels had no impact on C-FOS expression in dorsal horn neurons. Collectively, these observations show that OIH is driven by HCN2 ion channels in peripheral nociceptors, while OIT is driven by a member of the HCN family located in the CNS. Induction of OIH increased cAMP in nociceptive neurons, and a consequent shift in the activation curve of HCN2 caused an increase in nociceptor firing. The shift in HCN2 was caused by expression of a constitutively active μ-opioid receptor (MOR) and was reversed by MOR antagonists. We identified the opioid-induced MOR as a six-transmembrane splice variant, and we show that it increases cAMP by coupling constitutively to Gs HCN2 ion channels therefore drive OIH, and likely OIT, and may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- Wolfson Sensory, Pain and Regeneration Centre, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Larissa Garcia Pinto
- Wolfson Sensory, Pain and Regeneration Centre, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Vilar
- Wolfson Sensory, Pain and Regeneration Centre, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Peter A McNaughton
- Wolfson Sensory, Pain and Regeneration Centre, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
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Haddad D, Yu V, Chow R, Yanez D, Rajput K. A Survey Study of Surgeons and Anesthesiologists Regarding Perioperative Multimodal Analgesia for Opioid-Tolerant Patients. J Perianesth Nurs 2024; 39:87-92. [PMID: 37855765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jopan.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Perioperative pain management of opioid-tolerant patients can be challenging. Although regional anesthesia and multimodal analgesics may be beneficial, these modalities are often underused. It is unclear whether practice patterns for perioperative pain management are determined by the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of surgeons and anesthesiologists. DESIGN Descriptive survey. METHODS Using a Qualtrics survey, we polled a randomly selected group of 25 surgeons and 25 anesthesiologists regarding their knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and practices for pain management in an opioid-tolerant patient. FINDINGS Of 25, 23 anesthesiologists and 18/25 surgeons responded to the survey. Demographics were similar between the 2 groups. Most of the participant surgeons and anesthesiologists believed that pain management may be challenging in an opioid-tolerant patient. However, only 56% of surgeons would recommend a preoperative pain consultation. Most surgeons and anesthesiologists believed in the efficacy of regional anesthetics. However, 43% of surgeons would not advocate for a regional block, perhaps due to their perception of the added perioperative time. Multimodal analgesics were widely accepted by both surgeons and anesthesiologists. CONCLUSIONS There is an urgent need to reinforce the importance of patient-centered care, with a specific focus on addressing knowledge gaps and improving perceptions for all the members of the team, including surgeons, anesthesiologists, and perioperative nursing teams, if optimal outcomes are to be achieved for our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Haddad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Victor Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Robert Chow
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - David Yanez
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Kanishka Rajput
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
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Brulotte V. Acute pain management for chronic pain patients: expanding the role of the anesthesiologist. Can J Anaesth 2023:10.1007/s12630-023-02610-3. [PMID: 37857801 DOI: 10.1007/s12630-023-02610-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Brulotte
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, affiliation to the University of Montreal, 5415 boul. L'Assomption, Montreal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada.
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8
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Dillenburg M, Smith J, Wagner CR. The Many Faces of Histidine Triad Nucleotide Binding Protein 1 (HINT1). ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1310-1322. [PMID: 37854629 PMCID: PMC10580397 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 (HINT1) is a nucleoside phosphoramidase that has garnered interest due to its widespread expression and participation in a broad range of biological processes. Herein, we discuss the role of HINT1 as a regulator of several CNS functions, tumor suppressor, and mast cell activator via its interactions with multiple G-protein-coupled receptors and transcription factors. Importantly, altered HINT1 expression and mutation are connected to the progression of multiple disease states, including several neuropsychiatric disorders, peripheral neuropathy, and tumorigenesis. Additionally, due to its involvement in the activation of several clinically used phosphoramidate prodrugs, tremendous efforts have been made to better understand the interactions behind nucleoside binding and phosphoramidate hydrolysis by HINT1. We detail the substrate specificity and catalytic mechanism of HINT1 hydrolysis, while highlighting the structural biology behind these efforts. The aim of this review is to summarize the multitude of biological and pharmacological functions in which HINT1 participates while addressing the areas of need for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Dillenburg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jacob Smith
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Carston R. Wagner
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Karádi DÁ, Galambos AR, Lakatos PP, Apenberg J, Abbood SK, Balogh M, Király K, Riba P, Essmat N, Szűcs E, Benyhe S, Varga ZV, Szökő É, Tábi T, Al-Khrasani M. Telmisartan Is a Promising Agent for Managing Neuropathic Pain and Delaying Opioid Analgesic Tolerance in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7970. [PMID: 37175678 PMCID: PMC10178315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the large arsenal of analgesic medications, neuropathic pain (NP) management is not solved yet. Angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) has been identified as a potential target in NP therapy. Here, we investigate the antiallodynic effect of AT1 blockers telmisartan and losartan, and particularly their combination with morphine on rat mononeuropathic pain following acute or chronic oral administration. The impact of telmisartan on morphine analgesic tolerance was also assessed using the rat tail-flick assay. Morphine potency and efficacy in spinal cord samples of treated neuropathic animals were assessed by [35S]GTPγS-binding assay. Finally, the glutamate content of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was measured by capillary electrophoresis. Oral telmisartan or losartan in higher doses showed an acute antiallodynic effect. In the chronic treatment study, the combination of subanalgesic doses of telmisartan and morphine ameliorated allodynia and resulted in a leftward shift in the dose-response curve of morphine in the [35S]GTPγS binding assay and increased CSF glutamate content. Telmisartan delayed morphine analgesic-tolerance development. Our study has identified a promising combination therapy composed of telmisartan and morphine for NP and opioid tolerance. Since telmisartan is an inhibitor of AT1 and activator of PPAR-γ, future studies are needed to analyze the effect of each component.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Á. Karádi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (D.Á.K.); (A.R.G.); (J.A.); (S.K.A.); (M.B.); (K.K.); (P.R.); (N.E.); (Z.V.V.)
| | - Anna Rita Galambos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (D.Á.K.); (A.R.G.); (J.A.); (S.K.A.); (M.B.); (K.K.); (P.R.); (N.E.); (Z.V.V.)
| | - Péter P. Lakatos
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (P.P.L.); (É.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Joost Apenberg
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (D.Á.K.); (A.R.G.); (J.A.); (S.K.A.); (M.B.); (K.K.); (P.R.); (N.E.); (Z.V.V.)
| | - Sarah K. Abbood
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (D.Á.K.); (A.R.G.); (J.A.); (S.K.A.); (M.B.); (K.K.); (P.R.); (N.E.); (Z.V.V.)
| | - Mihály Balogh
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (D.Á.K.); (A.R.G.); (J.A.); (S.K.A.); (M.B.); (K.K.); (P.R.); (N.E.); (Z.V.V.)
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kornél Király
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (D.Á.K.); (A.R.G.); (J.A.); (S.K.A.); (M.B.); (K.K.); (P.R.); (N.E.); (Z.V.V.)
| | - Pál Riba
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (D.Á.K.); (A.R.G.); (J.A.); (S.K.A.); (M.B.); (K.K.); (P.R.); (N.E.); (Z.V.V.)
| | - Nariman Essmat
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (D.Á.K.); (A.R.G.); (J.A.); (S.K.A.); (M.B.); (K.K.); (P.R.); (N.E.); (Z.V.V.)
| | - Edina Szűcs
- Biological Research Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (E.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Sándor Benyhe
- Biological Research Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (E.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Zoltán V. Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (D.Á.K.); (A.R.G.); (J.A.); (S.K.A.); (M.B.); (K.K.); (P.R.); (N.E.); (Z.V.V.)
| | - Éva Szökő
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (P.P.L.); (É.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Tamás Tábi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (P.P.L.); (É.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Mahmoud Al-Khrasani
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (D.Á.K.); (A.R.G.); (J.A.); (S.K.A.); (M.B.); (K.K.); (P.R.); (N.E.); (Z.V.V.)
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10
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Lynch N, Lima JD, Spinieli RL, Kaur S. Opioids, sleep, analgesia and respiratory depression: Their convergence on Mu (μ)-opioid receptors in the parabrachial area. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1134842. [PMID: 37090798 PMCID: PMC10117663 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1134842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioids provide analgesia, as well as modulate sleep and respiration, all by possibly acting on the μ-opioid receptors (MOR). MOR's are ubiquitously present throughout the brain, posing a challenge for understanding the precise anatomical substrates that mediate opioid induced respiratory depression (OIRD) that ultimately kills most users. Sleep is a major modulator not only of pain perception, but also for changing the efficacy of opioids as analgesics. Therefore, sleep disturbances are major risk factors for developing opioid overuse, withdrawal, poor treatment response for pain, and addiction relapse. Despite challenges to resolve the neural substrates of respiratory malfunctions during opioid overdose, two main areas, the pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) in the medulla and the parabrachial (PB) complex have been implicated in regulating respiratory depression. More recent studies suggest that it is mediation by the PB that causes OIRD. The PB also act as a major node in the upper brain stem that not only receives input from the chemosensory areas in medulla, but also receives nociceptive information from spinal cord. We have previously shown that the PB neurons play an important role in mediating arousal from sleep in response to hypercapnia by its projections to the forebrain arousal centers, and it may also act as a major relay for the pain stimuli. However, due to heterogeneity of cells in the PB, their precise roles in regulating, sleep, analgesia, and respiratory depression, needs addressing. This review sheds light on interactions between sleep and pain, along with dissecting the elements that adversely affects respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Satvinder Kaur
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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11
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Lee MT, Mackie K, Chiou LC. Alternative pain management via endocannabinoids in the time of the opioid epidemic: Peripheral neuromodulation and pharmacological interventions. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:894-909. [PMID: 34877650 PMCID: PMC9170838 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of opioids in pain management is hampered by the emergence of analgesic tolerance, which leads to increased dosing and side effects, both of which have contributed to the opioid epidemic. One promising potential approach to limit opioid analgesic tolerance is activating the endocannabinoid system in the CNS, via activation of CB1 receptors in the descending pain inhibitory pathway. In this review, we first discuss preclinical and clinical evidence revealing the potential of pharmacological activation of CB1 receptors in modulating opioid tolerance, including activation by phytocannabinoids, synthetic CB1 receptor agonists, endocannabinoid degradation enzyme inhibitors, and recently discovered positive allosteric modulators of CB1 receptors. On the other hand, as non-pharmacological pain relief is advocated by the US-NIH to combat the opioid epidemic, we also discuss contributions of peripheral neuromodulation, involving the electrostimulation of peripheral nerves, in addressing chronic pain and opioid tolerance. The involvement of supraspinal endocannabinoid systems in peripheral neuromodulation-induced analgesia is also discussed. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Advances in Opioid Pharmacology at the Time of the Opioid Epidemic. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v180.7/issuetoc.
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Grants
- MOST 108-2321-B-002-005 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- MOST 107-2811-B-002-008 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- R01 DA041229 NIDA NIH HHS
- MOST 107-2321-B-002-010 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- R01 DA047858 NIDA NIH HHS
- 107M4022-3 Ministry of Education, Taiwan
- MOST 106-2321-B-002-019 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- NHRI-EX111-11114NI National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
- FRGS/1/2021/WAB13/UCSI/02/1 Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia
- R21 DA042584 NIDA NIH HHS
- REIG-FPS-2020/065 UCSI University Research Excellence and Innovation Grant, Malaysia
- NHRI-EX109-10733NI National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
- MOST 104-2745-B-002-004 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- MOST 109-2320-B-002-042-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- MOST 107-2811-B-002 -008 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- MOST 108-2320-B-002-029-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tatt Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Ken Mackie
- Gill Center for Biomolecular Research, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Lih-Chu Chiou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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12
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Guan Q, Velho RV, Sehouli J, Mechsner S. Endometriosis and Opioid Receptors: Are Opioids a Possible/Promising Treatment for Endometriosis? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021633. [PMID: 36675147 PMCID: PMC9864914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis (EM), defined as the presence of endometrial-like tissue with surrounding smooth muscle cells outside the uterus, is a disregarded gynecological disease reported to affect 6-10% of women of reproductive age, with 30-50% of them suffering from chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Since the exact pathogenic mechanisms of EM are still unclear, no curative therapy is available. As pain is an important factor in EM, optimal analgesia should be sought, which to date has been treated primarily with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), metamizole or, in extreme cases, opioids. Here, we review the pain therapy options, the mechanisms of pain development in EM, the endogenous opioid system and pain, as well as the opioid receptors and EM-associated pain. We also explore the drug abuse and addiction to opioids and the possible use of NOP receptors in terms of analgesia and improved tolerability as a target for EM-associated pain treatment. Emerging evidence has shown a promising functional profile of bifunctional NOP/MOP partial agonists as safe and nonaddictive analgesics. However, until now, the role of NOP receptors in EM has not been investigated. This review offers a thought which still needs further investigation but may provide potential options for relieving EM-associated pain.
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13
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Deng M, Zou W. Noncoding RNAs: Novel Targets for Opioid Tolerance. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1202-1213. [PMID: 36453497 PMCID: PMC10286586 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666221129122932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
As a global health problem, chronic pain is one of the leading causes of disability, and it imposes a huge economic and public health burden on families and society. Opioids represent the cornerstone of analgesic drugs. However, opioid tolerance caused by long-term application of opioids is a major factor leading to drug withdrawal, serious side effects caused by dose increases, and even the death of patients, placing an increasing burden on individuals, medicine, and society. Despite efforts to develop methods to prevent and treat opioid tolerance, no effective treatment has yet been found. Therefore, understanding the mechanism underlying opioid tolerance is crucial for finding new prevention and treatment strategies. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are important parts of mammalian gene transcriptomes, and there are thousands of unique noncoding RNA sequences in cells. With the rapid development of high-throughput genome technology, research on ncRNAs has become a hot topic in biomedical research. In recent years, studies have shown that ncRNAs mediate physiological and pathological processes, including chromatin remodeling, transcription, posttranscriptional modification and signal transduction, which are key regulators of physiological processes in developmental and disease environments and have become biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for various diseases. An increasing number of studies have found that ncRNAs are closely related to the development of opioid tolerance. In this review, we have summarized the evidence that ncRNAs play an important role in opioid tolerance and that ncRNAs may be novel targets for opioid tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wangyuan Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
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14
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Polati E, Nizzero M, Rama J, Martini A, Gottin L, Donadello K, Del Balzo G, Varrassi G, Marinangeli F, Vittori A, Secchettin E, Schweiger V. Oxycodone-Naloxone Combination Hinders Opioid Consumption in Osteoarthritic Chronic Low Back Pain: A Retrospective Study with Two Years of Follow-Up. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:13354. [PMID: 36293936 PMCID: PMC9603806 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic low back pain (CLBP) due to osteoarthritis represents a therapeutic challenge worldwide. Opioids are extensively used to treat such pain, but the development of tolerance, i.e., less susceptibility to the effects of the opioid, which can result in a need for higher doses to achieve the same analgesic effect, may limit their use. Animal models suggest that ultra-low doses of opioid antagonists combined with opioid agonists can decrease or block the development of opioid tolerance. In this retrospective study, we tested this hypothesis in humans. In 2019, 53 patients suffering from CLBP were treated with either Oxycodone and Naloxone Prolonged Release (27 patients, OXN patients) or Oxycodone Controlled Release (26 patients, OXY patients). The follow-up period lasted 2 years, during which 10 patients discontinued the treatment, 5 out of each group. The remaining 43 patients reached and maintained the targeted pain relief, but at 18 and 24 months, the OXY patients showed a significantly higher oxycodone consumption than OXN patients to reach the same level of pain relief. No cases of respiratory depression or opioid abuse were reported. There were no significant differences in the incidence of adverse effects between the two treatments, except for constipation, more common in OXY patients. From our results, we can affirm that a long-term opioid treatment with oxycodone-naloxone combination, when compared with oxycodone only, may significantly hinder the development of opioid tolerance. We were also able to confirm, in our cohort, the well known positive effect of naloxone in terms of opioid-induced bowel dysfunction incidence reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Polati
- Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy Centre, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, 37124 Verona, Italy
| | - Marta Nizzero
- Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy Centre, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, 37124 Verona, Italy
| | - Jacopo Rama
- Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy Centre, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, 37124 Verona, Italy
| | - Alvise Martini
- Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy Centre, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, 37124 Verona, Italy
| | - Leonardo Gottin
- Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy Centre, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, 37124 Verona, Italy
| | - Katia Donadello
- Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy Centre, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, 37124 Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanna Del Balzo
- Department of Medicine and Public Health, Section of Forensic Medicine, University of Verona, 37124 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Franco Marinangeli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vittori
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, ARCO, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Erica Secchettin
- Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy Centre, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, 37124 Verona, Italy
| | - Vittorio Schweiger
- Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy Centre, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, 37124 Verona, Italy
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15
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Mackie S, Chambers D, Sebastian J. Dexmedetomidine as a rescue agent during intracranial neurosurgery in the setting of opioid tolerance. Anaesth Rep 2022; 10:e12178. [PMID: 35874322 DOI: 10.1002/anr3.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine is a versatile sedative agent widely used both in anaesthesia and intensive care. We present the case of a 32-year-old woman with a long-term history of non-prescribed intravenous opioid use who underwent elective resection of a skull base tumour. There was difficulty in achieving an adequate depth of anaesthesia despite the high levels of intravenous and volatile anaesthetic agent. Intra-operatively, a bolus and subsequent infusion of dexmedetomidine helped achieve an adequate depth of anaesthesia. This report highlights some of the benefits of dexmedetomidine for patients who are opioid tolerant, both intra- and postoperatively. It also demonstrates the wide range of beneficial effects dexmedetomidine could have when used as a rescue adjunct in neuroanaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mackie
- North West School of Anaesthesia, Health Education England North West Manchester UK
| | - D Chambers
- Department of Anaesthesia Salford Royal Hospital Salford UK
| | - J Sebastian
- Department of Anaesthesia Salford Royal Hospital Salford UK
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16
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Jaramillo-Polanco J, Lopez-Lopez C, Yu Y, Neary E, Hegron A, Canals M, Bunnett NW, Reed DE, Lomax AE, Vanner SJ. Opioid-Induced Pronociceptive Signaling in the Gastrointestinal Tract Is Mediated by Delta-Opioid Receptor Signaling. J Neurosci 2022; 42:3316-3328. [PMID: 35256532 PMCID: PMC9034783 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2098-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid tolerance (OT) leads to dose escalation and serious side effects, including opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH). We sought to better understand the mechanisms underlying this event in the gastrointestinal tract. Chronic in vivo administration of morphine by intraperitoneal injection in male C57BL/6 mice evoked tolerance and evidence of OIH in an assay of colonic afferent nerve mechanosensitivity; this was inhibited by the δ-opioid receptor (DOPr) antagonist naltrindole when intraperitoneally injected in previous morphine administration. Patch-clamp studies of DRG neurons following overnight incubation with high concentrations of morphine, the µ-opioid receptors (MOPr) agonist [D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol]-Enkephalin (DAMGO) or the DOPr agonist [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-Enkephalin evoked hyperexcitability. The pronociceptive actions of these opioids were blocked by the DOPr antagonist SDM25N but not the MOPr antagonist D-Pen-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 The hyperexcitability induced by DAMGO was reversed after a 1 h washout, but reapplication of low concentrations of DAMGO or [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-Enkephalin restored the hyperexcitability, an effect mediated by protein kinase C. DOPr-dependent DRG neuron hyperexcitability was blocked by the endocytosis inhibitor Pitstop 2, and the weakly internalizing DOPr agonist ARM390 did not cause hyperexcitability. Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer studies in HEK cells showed no evidence of switching of G-protein signaling from Gi to a Gs pathway in response to either high concentrations or overnight incubation of opioids. Thus, chronic high-dose opioid exposure leads to opioid tolerance and features of OIH in the colon. This action is mediated by DOPr signaling and is dependent on receptor endocytosis and downstream protein kinase C signaling.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Opioids are effective in the treatment of abdominal pain, but escalating doses can lead to opioid tolerance and potentially opioid-induced hyperalgesia. We found that δ-opioid receptor (DOPr) plays a central role in the development of opioid tolerance and opioid-induced hyperalgesia in colonic afferent nociceptors following prolonged exposure to high concentrations of MOPr or DOPr agonists. Furthermore, the role of DOPr was dependent on OPr internalization and activation of a protein kinase C signaling pathway. Thus, targeting DOPr or key components of the downstream signaling pathway could mitigate adverse side effects by opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josue Jaramillo-Polanco
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Cintya Lopez-Lopez
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Yang Yu
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Emma Neary
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Alan Hegron
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10010
| | - Meritxell Canals
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Protein and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel W Bunnett
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10010
| | - David E Reed
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Alan E Lomax
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Stephen J Vanner
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada
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17
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Scott J, Henderson G. Commentary on Andersen et al.: Time for drug checking for heroin users? Addiction 2021; 116:3113-3114. [PMID: 34196065 DOI: 10.1111/add.15610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Scott
- Dept Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Graeme Henderson
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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18
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Zhou J, Ma R, Jin Y, Fang J, Du J, Shao X, Liang Y, Fang J. Molecular mechanisms of opioid tolerance: From opioid receptors to inflammatory mediators (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1004. [PMID: 34345286 PMCID: PMC8311239 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids are considered the most effective analgesics for the treatment of both acute and chronic pain. However, prolonged opioid use can induce a certain level of tolerance to its analgesic effects, leading to a reduction in its effectiveness, addiction and abuse. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying opioid tolerance may provide insights into this phenomenon and aid in the development of novel methods to combat the side effects of opioid tolerance. The present review focused on two major contributors to tolerance, opioid receptors and inflammatory mediators. The molecular mechanisms involved in the desensitization of the opioid receptors were briefly described, including their phosphorylation, internalisation and recycling. Subsequently, the effects of Toll like receptor 4/NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3-mediated proinflammatory responses in opioid tolerance were discussed, aiming in supporting the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
| | - Ruijie Ma
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
| | - Ying Jin
- Department of Rehabilitation in Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Junfan Fang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Junying Du
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Shao
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Yi Liang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Jianqiao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
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19
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Leduc-Pessah H, Xu C, Fan CY, Dalgarno R, Kohro Y, Sparanese S, Burke NN, Jacobson KA, Altier C, Salvemini D, Trang T. Spinal A 3 adenosine receptor activation acutely restores morphine antinociception in opioid tolerant male rats. J Neurosci Res 2021; 100:251-264. [PMID: 34075613 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Opioids are potent analgesics, but their pain-relieving effects diminish with repeated use. The reduction in analgesic potency is a hallmark of opioid analgesic tolerance, which hampers opioid pain therapy. In the central nervous system, opioid analgesia is critically modulated by adenosine, a purine nucleoside implicated in the beneficial and detrimental actions of opioid medications. Here, we focus on the A3 adenosine receptor (A3 AR) in opioid analgesic tolerance. Intrathecal administration of the A3 AR agonist MRS5698 with daily systemic morphine in male rats attenuated the reduction in morphine antinociception over 7 days. In rats with established morphine tolerance, intrathecal MRS5698 partially restored the antinociceptive effects of morphine. However, when MRS5698 was discontinued, these animals displayed a reduced antinociceptive response to morphine. Our results suggest that MRS5698 acutely and transiently potentiates morphine antinociception in tolerant rats. By contrast, in morphine-naïve rats MRS5698 treatment did not impact thermal nociceptive threshold or affect antinociceptive response to a single injection of morphine. Furthermore, we found that morphine-induced adenosine release in cerebrospinal fluid was blunted in tolerant animals, but total spinal A3 AR expression was not affected. Collectively, our findings indicate that spinal A3 AR activation acutely potentiates morphine antinociception in the opioid tolerant state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Leduc-Pessah
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Cynthia Xu
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Churmy Y Fan
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Rebecca Dalgarno
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Yuta Kohro
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sydney Sparanese
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nikita N Burke
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christophe Altier
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tuan Trang
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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20
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Liu B, Li N, He Z, Zhang X, Duan G. Emerging Role of Serum Glucocorticoid-Regulated Kinase 1 in Pathological Pain. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:683527. [PMID: 34093127 PMCID: PMC8177009 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.683527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the management of acute and chronic pain in clinical practice remains unsatisfactory due to the existence of limited effective treatments, and novel therapeutic strategies for pathological pain are urgently needed. In the past few decades, the role of serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) in the development of pain and diurnal rhythms has been implicated in numerous studies. The expression levels of SGK1 mRNA and protein were found to be elevated in the spinal cord and brain in various pathological pain models. Blocking SGK1 significantly attenuated pain-like responses and the development of pathological pain. These studies provide strong evidence that SGK1 plays a role in the development of various types of pathological pain and that targeting SGK1 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for pain management. In this review article, we provide evidence from animal models for the potential role of SGK1 in the regulation of pathological pain caused by inflammation, nerve injury, psychiatric disorders, and chronic opioid exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baowen Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ningbo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhigang He
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangyou Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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21
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Khan F, Mehan A. Addressing opioid tolerance and opioid-induced hypersensitivity: Recent developments and future therapeutic strategies. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00789. [PMID: 34096178 PMCID: PMC8181203 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioids are a commonly prescribed and efficacious medication for the treatment of chronic pain but major side effects such as addiction, respiratory depression, analgesic tolerance, and paradoxical pain hypersensitivity make them inadequate and unsafe for patients requiring long-term pain management. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the outcomes of chronic opioid administration to lay the foundation for the development of novel pharmacological strategies that attenuate opioid tolerance and hypersensitivity; the two main physiological mechanisms underlying the inadequacies of current therapeutic strategies. We also explore mechanistic similarities between the development of neuropathic pain states, opioid tolerance, and hypersensitivity which may explain opioids' lack of efficacy in certain patients. The findings challenge the current direction of analgesic research in developing non-opioid alternatives and we suggest that improving opioids, rather than replacing them, will be a fruitful avenue for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faris Khan
- School of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Aman Mehan
- School of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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Okuyama Y, Jin H, Kokubun H, Aoe T. Pharmacological Chaperones Attenuate the Development of Opioid Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7536. [PMID: 33066035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioids are potent analgesics widely used to control acute and chronic pain, but long-term use induces tolerance that reduces their effectiveness. Opioids such as morphine bind to mu opioid receptors (MORs), and several downstream signaling pathways are capable of inducing tolerance. We previously reported that signaling from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contributed to the development of morphine tolerance. Accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER induced the unfolded protein response (UPR) that causes diverse pathological conditions. We examined the effects of pharmacological chaperones that alleviate ER stress on opioid tolerance development by assessing thermal nociception in mice. Pharmacological chaperones such as tauroursodeoxycholic acid and 4-phenylbutyrate suppressed the development of morphine tolerance and restored analgesia. Chaperones alone did not cause analgesia. Although morphine administration induced analgesia when glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) was in an inactive state due to serine 9 phosphorylation, repeated morphine administration suppressed this phosphorylation event. Co-administration of chaperones maintained the inactive state of GSK3β. These results suggest that ER stress may facilitate morphine tolerance due to intracellular crosstalk between the UPR and MOR signaling. Pharmacological chaperones may be useful in the management of opioid misuse.
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Aroke EN, McMullan SP, Woodfin KO, Richey R, Doss J, Wilbanks BA. A Practical Approach to Acute Postoperative Pain Management in Chronic Pain Patients. J Perianesth Nurs 2020; 35:564-73. [PMID: 32660812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jopan.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In the United States, more than 100 million people suffer from chronic pain. Among patients presenting for surgery, about one in four have chronic pain. Acute perioperative pain management in this population is challenging because many patients with chronic pain require long-term opioids for the management of this pain, which may result in tolerance, physical dependence, addiction, and opioid-induced hyperalgesia. These challenges are compounded by the ongoing opioid epidemic that has resulted in calls for a reduction in opioid use, with a concurrent increase in the number of patients with chronic opioid exposure presenting for surgery. This article aims to summarize practical considerations for acute postoperative pain management in patients with chronic pain conditions. A patient-centered acute pain management plan, including nonopioid analgesics, regional anesthesia, and careful selection of opioid medications, can lead to adequate analgesia and satisfaction with care. Also, a meticulous rotation from one opioid to another may decrease opioid requirement, increase analgesic effectiveness, and improve satisfaction with care.
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Vargas-Schaffer G, Paquet S, Neron A, Cogan J. Opioid Induced Hyperalgesia, a Research Phenomenon or a Clinical Reality? Results of a Canadian Survey. J Pers Med 2020; 10:E27. [PMID: 32326188 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Very little is known regarding the prevalence of opioid induced hyperalgesia (OIH) in day to day medical practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physician's perception of the prevalence of OIH within their practice, and to assess the level of physician's knowledge with respect to the identification and treatment of this problem. METHODS An electronic questionnaire was distributed to physicians who work in anesthesiology, chronic pain, and/or palliative care in Canada. RESULTS Of the 462 responses received, most were from male (69%) anesthesiologists (89.6%), in the age range of 36 to 64 years old (79.8%). In this study, the suspected prevalence of OIH using the average number of patients treated per year with opioids was 0.002% per patient per physician practice year for acute pain, and 0.01% per patient per physician practice year for chronic pain. Most physicians (70.2%) did not use clinical tests to help make a diagnosis of OIH. The treatment modalities most frequently used were the addition of an NMDA antagonist, combined with lowering the opioid doses and using opioid rotation. CONCLUSIONS The perceived prevalence of OIH in clinical practice is a relatively rare phenomenon. Furthermore, more than half of physicians did not use a clinical test to confirm the diagnosis of OIH. The two main treatment modalities used were NMDA antagonists and opioid rotation. The criteria for the diagnosis of OIH still need to be accurately defined.
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Karamchandani K, Carr ZJ, Bonavia A, Tung A. Critical Care Pain Management in Patients Affected by the Opioid Epidemic: A Review. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2018; 15:1016-23. [PMID: 29812953 DOI: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201801-028FR] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid rise in the opioid epidemic has had a deleterious impact across the United States. This increase has drawn the attention of the critical care community not only because of the surge in acute opioid overdose-related admissions, but also due to the increase in the number of opioid-dependent and opioid-tolerant patients being treated in the intensive care unit (ICU). Opioid-related issues relevant to the critical care physician include direct care of patients with opioid overdoses, the provision of sufficient analgesia to patients with opioid dependence and tolerance, and the task of preventing long-term opioid dependence in patients who survive ICU care. This review identifies the challenges facing the ICU physician working with patients presenting with opioid-related complications, discusses current solutions, and suggests future areas of research and heightened ICU clinician attention.
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Chakrabarti S, Liu NJ, Gintzler AR. Phosphorylation of unique C-terminal sites of the mu-opioid receptor variants 1B2 and 1C1 influences their Gs association following chronic morphine. J Neurochem 2019; 152:449-467. [PMID: 31479519 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We recently demonstrated in rat spinal cord that a regimen of escalating doses of systemic morphine, analogous to regimens used clinically for chronic pain management, selectively up-regulates the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) splice variants MOR-1B2 and MOR-1C1 mRNA and functional protein. This study investigated the potential relevance of up-regulating MOR-1B2 and MOR-1C1 to the ability of chronic morphine to shift MOR signaling from predominantly Gi /Go inhibitory to Gs stimulatory. Specifically, we tested the hypotheses that chronic morphine induces phosphorylation of carboxyl terminal sites unique to MOR-1B2 and MOR-1C1, and that this phosphorylation is causally related to augmented association of these variants with Gs α. Hypotheses were validated by (i) abolition of the chronic morphine-induced increment in MOR-1C1 and MOR-1B2 association with Gs α by inhibitors of protein kinase A and Casein kinase 2, respectively; (ii) failure of chronic morphine to augment MOR variant Gs α interactions in Chinese hamster ovary cells transiently transfected with either rat MOR-1C1 or MOR-1B2 in which targeted protein kinase A and Casein kinase 2 serine phosphorylation sites, respectively, were mutated to alanine; (iii) abrogation of chronic morphine-induced augmented MOR Gs α association in spinal cord of male rats following intrathecal administration of dicer substrate small interfering RNAs targeting MOR-1B2/MOR-1C1 mRNA. The ability of chronic morphine to not only up-regulate-specific MOR variants but also their carboxyl terminal phosphorylation and consequent augmented association with Gs α may represent a novel component of opioid tolerance mechanisms, suggesting novel potential targets for tolerance abatement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Chakrabarti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Nai-Jiang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Alan R Gintzler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
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Bitar HN, Cipta AM, Lee KW, Woo WS. A Unique Case Report on Methadone Used for Treatment of Opioid-induced Hyperalgesia in a Cancer Patient at the End of Life. Cureus 2019; 11:e5394. [PMID: 31620320 PMCID: PMC6791394 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.5394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids are the cornerstone of palliative pain management. Opioids work on the mu-opioid receptor as an agonist for the treatment of pain. Repeated exposure to opioids over time can lead to undesired desensitization of the antinociceptive receptor while sensitizing the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) pathway, causing a paradoxical effect where the treatment of pain creates more sensitivity to certain stimuli. This phenomenon is known as opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH). Methadone, a synthetic opioid, may be more effective for pain and offers advantages over other opioids in specific clinical situations due to its partial antagonistic effect on the NMDA pathway. We describe a unique case where as needed (prn) and continuous intravenous (IV) methadone was effective in relieving OIH caused by high doses of IV Dilaudid for intractable cancer pain at the end of life. Given its unique pharmacokinetics, effective pain control, and the prevention of suffering from OIH, methadone should be considered earlier on in palliative pain management, especially in those patients predicted to require high levels of opioid dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andre M Cipta
- Geriatrics, Palliative Medicine, and Continuing Care, Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Kuo-Wei Lee
- Geriatrics, Palliative Medicine, and Continuing Care, Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Wesley S Woo
- Geriatrics, Palliative Medicine, and Continuing Care, Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles, USA
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Takahashi K, Yi H, Gu J, Ikegami D, Liu S, Iida T, Kashiwagi Y, Dong C, Kunisawa T, Hao S. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter contributes to morphine tolerance through pCREB and CPEB1 in rat spinal cord dorsal horn. Br J Anaesth 2019; 123:e226-38. [PMID: 31253357 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term use of opioid analgesics is limited by the development of unwanted side-effects, such as tolerance. The molecular mechanisms of morphine anti-nociceptive tolerance are still unclear. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) is involved in painful hyperalgesia, but the role of MCU in morphine tolerance has not been uncharacterised. METHODS Rats received intrathecal injection of morphine for 7 days to induce morphine tolerance. The mechanical withdrawal threshold was measured using von Frey filaments, and thermal latency using the hotplate test. The effects of an MCU inhibitor, antisense oligodeoxynucleotide against cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB) or cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 1 (CPEB1) in morphine tolerance were examined. RESULTS Spinal morphine tolerance was associated with an increased expression of neuronal MCU, phospho-CREB (pCREB), and CPEB1 in the spinal cord dorsal horn. MCU inhibition increased the mechanical threshold and thermal latency, and reduced the accumulation of mitochondrial calcium in morphine tolerance. Intrathecal antisense oligodeoxynucleotide against CREB or CPEB1 restored the anti-nociceptive effects of morphine compared with mismatch oligodeoxynucleotide in von Frey test and hotplate test. Chromatin immunoprecipitation with quantitative PCR assay showed that CREB knockdown reduced the interaction of pCREB with the ccdc109a gene (encoding MCU expression) promoter and decreased the MCU mRNA transcription. RNA immunoprecipitation assay suggested that CPEB1 binds to the MCU mRNA 3' untranslated region. CPEB1 knockdown decreased the expression of MCU protein. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that spinal MCU is regulated by pCREB and CPEB1 in morphine tolerance, and that inhibition of MCU, pCREB, or CPEB1 may be useful in preventing the development of opioid tolerance.
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Lopez-Bellido R, Puig S, Huang PJ, Tsai CR, Turner HN, Galko MJ, Gutstein HB. Growth Factor Signaling Regulates Mechanical Nociception in Flies and Vertebrates. J Neurosci 2019; 39:6012-30. [PMID: 31138657 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2950-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical sensitization is one of the most difficult clinical pain problems to treat. However, the molecular and genetic bases of mechanical nociception are unclear. Here we develop a Drosophila model of mechanical nociception to investigate the ion channels and signaling pathways that regulate mechanical nociception. We fabricated von Frey filaments that span the subthreshold to high noxious range for Drosophila larvae. Using these, we discovered that pressure (force/area), rather than force per se, is the main determinant of aversive rolling responses to noxious mechanical stimuli. We demonstrated that the RTK PDGF/VEGF receptor (Pvr) and its ligands (Pvfs 2 and 3) are required for mechanical nociception and normal dendritic branching. Pvr is expressed and functions in class IV sensory neurons, whereas Pvf2 and Pvf3 are produced by multiple tissues. Constitutive overexpression of Pvr and its ligands or inducible overexpression of Pvr led to mechanical hypersensitivity that could be partially separated from morphological effects. Genetic analyses revealed that the Piezo and Pain ion channels are required for mechanical hypersensitivity observed upon ectopic activation of Pvr signaling. PDGF, but not VEGF, peptides caused mechanical hypersensitivity in rats. Pharmacological inhibition of VEGF receptor Type 2 (VEGFR-2) signaling attenuated mechanical nociception in rats, suggesting a conserved role for PDGF and VEGFR-2 signaling in regulating mechanical nociception. VEGFR-2 inhibition also attenuated morphine analgesic tolerance in rats. Our results reveal that a conserved RTK signaling pathway regulates baseline mechanical nociception in flies and rats.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Hypersensitivity to touch is poorly understood and extremely difficult to treat. Using a refined Drosophila model of mechanical nociception, we discovered a conserved VEGF-related receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathway that regulates mechanical nociception in flies. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of VEGF receptor Type 2 signaling in rats causes analgesia and blocks opioid tolerance. We have thus established a robust, genetically tractable system for the rapid identification and functional analysis of conserved genes underlying mechanical pain sensitivity.
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Deng M, Chen SR, Chen H, Luo Y, Dong Y, Pan HL. Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling mediates opioid-induced presynaptic NMDA receptor activation and analgesic tolerance. J Neurochem 2018; 148:275-290. [PMID: 30444263 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Opioid-induced hyperalgesia and analgesic tolerance can lead to dose escalation and inadequate pain treatment with μ-opioid receptor agonists. Opioids cause tonic activation of glutamate NMDA receptors (NMDARs) at primary afferent terminals, increasing nociceptive input. However, the signaling mechanisms responsible for opioid-induced activation of pre-synaptic NMDARs in the spinal dorsal horn remain unclear. In this study, we determined the role of MAPK signaling in opioid-induced pre-synaptic NMDAR activation caused by chronic morphine administration. Whole-cell recordings of excitatory post-synaptic currents (EPSCs) were performed on dorsal horn neurons in rat spinal cord slices. Chronic morphine administration markedly increased the frequency of miniature EPSCs, increased the amplitude of monosynaptic EPSCs evoked from the dorsal root, and reduced the paired-pulse ratio of evoked EPSCs. These changes were fully reversed by an NMDAR antagonist and normalized by inhibiting extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38, or c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Furthermore, intrathecal injection of a selective ERK1/2, p38, or JNK inhibitor blocked pain hypersensitivity induced by chronic morphine treatment. These inhibitors also similarly attenuated a reduction in morphine's analgesic effect in rats. In addition, co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed that NMDARs formed a protein complex with ERK1/2, p38, and JNK in the spinal cord and that chronic morphine treatment increased physical interactions of NMDARs with these three MAPKs. Our findings suggest that opioid-induced hyperalgesia and analgesic tolerance are mediated by tonic activation of pre-synaptic NMDARs via three functionally interrelated MAPKs at the spinal cord level. OPEN SCIENCE BADGES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichun Deng
- Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shao-Rui Chen
- Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yi Luo
- Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yingchun Dong
- Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui-Lin Pan
- Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Suhitharan T, Subramani S, Win MTM, Sulaiman WB, Johar NB, Chi OB. Effect of remifentanil on the recovery profile after head and neck surgeries: A prospective study. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2018; 34:307-313. [PMID: 30386011 PMCID: PMC6194847 DOI: 10.4103/joacp.joacp_337_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Development of opioid tolerance in the perioperative period due to remifentanil remains controversial. We evaluated occurrence of opioid tolerance and other adverse effects due to remifentanil in patients undergoing head and neck surgery. Material and Methods: We recruited adult participants with ASA status I to III who received general anesthesia for approximately 2 h for elective head and neck procedures. Remifentanil infusion was used in one group and intermittent boluses of morphine or fentanyl were administered in another group. Postoperative pain was treated with intermittent boluses of morphine and fentanyl in post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) to achieve a numerical rating scale score of 3. Opioid requirement was assessed as an indicator of opioid tolerance. Patients were also evaluated for time to discharge from PACU. Results: We studied 222 adults aged between 21 and 80 years. One hundred and eleven patients received a combination of remifentanil infusion and morphine boluses, and another 111 patients received only fentanyl and/or morphine boluses intraoperatively. Fifty-one patients in the remifentanil group and 25 in the fentanyl/morphine group required opioids in the PACU. Opioid requirement were significantly more (mean ± SD, 44.98 ± 59.7 Vs 20.23 ± 46.66 mcg.kg−1; P = 0.001) and required longer time to discharge from PACU in the remifentanil group compared to the fentanyl/morphine group (Mean ± SD, 88.6 ± 39.5 min Vs 73.1 ± 38.4 min; P < 0.001). No difference in the incidence of adverse effects in two groups was noted. Conclusion: At clinically relevant doses, intraoperative remifentanil infusion appears to increase opioid consumption in the immediate postoperative period. This can result in delayed discharge from PACU for patients undergoing elective head and neck procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudhakar Subramani
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa, USA
| | - Ma Thin Mar Win
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Ong Biauw Chi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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Young JC, Lund JL, Dasgupta N, Jonsson Funk M. Opioid tolerance and clinically recognized opioid poisoning among patients prescribed extended-release long-acting opioids. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2018; 28:39-47. [PMID: 29888409 DOI: 10.1002/pds.4572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recognition of potential for increased overdose risk, drug labels for extended-release and long-acting (ER/LA) opioids emphasize the need for established opioid tolerance prior to initiating high dosages. OBJECTIVES Describe the proportion of patients with opioid tolerance prior to initiation of 90 morphine milligram equivalents (MME) ER/LA opioids and examine subsequent risk of opioid poisoning. METHODS We used Truven Health Analytics' MarketScan Databases (2006-2015) to identify patients initiating ER/LA opioids ≥90 MME. We examined prescription histories and describe the proportion of initiators with opioid tolerance (defined as ≥7 days of 60 MME in the prior 14 days). We adjusted for age, sex, year of initiation, and baseline comorbidities using inverse probability of treatment weighted Cox proportional hazards models. We estimated adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the effect of opioid tolerance on the risk of clinically recognized opioid poisoning (based on diagnosis codes) in specific periods (0-7, 8-30, 31-90, and 91-365 days) following initiation. RESULTS Among 372 038 initiators, 38% did not meet opioid tolerance criteria. The proportion of nontolerant initiators was highest among those initiating methadone (44%) and fentanyl (42%). Nontolerant patients were 37% more likely to be diagnosed with opioid poisoning (adjusted hazard ratios = 1.37 [1.07, 1.76]) in the week following ER/LA initiation. CONCLUSIONS Over one-third of patients initiating ≥90 MME ER/LA opioids did not have evidence of opioid tolerance. The 7 days following high dose ER/LA initiation may represent a high-risk period for clinically diagnosed opioid poisoning in patients who do not have prior opioid tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Young
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer L Lund
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nabarun Dasgupta
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michele Jonsson Funk
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Santonocito C, Noto A, Crimi C, Sanfilippo F. Remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia: current perspectives on mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Local Reg Anesth 2018; 11:15-23. [PMID: 29670398 PMCID: PMC5898588 DOI: 10.2147/lra.s143618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of remifentanil in clinical practice offers several advantages and it is used for a wide range of procedures, ranging from day-surgery anesthesia to more complex procedures. Nonetheless, remifentanil has been consistently linked with development of opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH), which is described as a paradoxical increase in sensitivity to painful stimuli that develops after exposure to opioid treatment. The development of OIH may cause several issues, delaying recovery after surgery and preventing timely patient's discharge. Moreover, it causes patient's discomfort with higher pain scores, greater use of analgesics, and associated side effects. Remifentanil is the opioid most convincingly associated with OIH, and hereby we provide a review of remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia, describing both the underlying mechanisms involved and the available studies investigating experimental and clinical pharmacologic approaches aiming at reducing its incidence and degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Santonocito
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS-ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione), Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto Noto
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Messina University, Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Crimi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, AOU "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Sanfilippo
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS-ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione), Palermo, Italy
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Patel PM, Goodman LF, Knepel SA, Miller CC, Azimi A, Phillips G, Gustin JL, Hartman A. Evaluation of Emergency Department Management of Opioid-Tolerant Cancer Patients With Acute Pain. J Pain Symptom Manage 2017; 54:501-507. [PMID: 28729010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT There are no previously published studies examining opioid doses administered to opioid-tolerant cancer patients during emergency department (ED) encounters. OBJECTIVES To determine if opioid-tolerant cancer patients presenting with acute pain exacerbations receive adequate initial doses of as needed (PRN) opioids during ED encounters based on home oral morphine equivalent (OME) use. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of opioid-tolerant cancer patients who received opioids in our ED over a two-year period. The percentage of patients who received an adequate initial dose of PRN opioid (defined as ≥10% of total 24-hour ambulatory OME) was evaluated. Logistic regression was used to establish the relationship between 24-hour ambulatory OME and initial ED OME to assess whether higher home usage was associated with higher likelihood of being undertreated. RESULTS Out of 216 patients, 61.1% of patients received an adequate initial PRN dose of opioids in the ED. Of patients taking <200 OMEs per day at home, 77.4% received an adequate initial dose; however, only 3.2% of patients taking >400 OMEs per day at home received an adequate dose. Patients with ambulatory 24-hour OME greater than 400 had 99% lower odds of receiving an adequate initial dose of PRN opioid in the ED compared to patients with ambulatory 24-hour OME less than 100 (OR <0.01, CI 0.00-0.02, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Patients with daily home use less than 200 OMEs generally received adequate initial PRN opioid doses during their ED visit. However, patients with higher home opioid usage were at increased likelihood of being undertreated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pina M Patel
- Division of Palliative Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Lauren F Goodman
- Division of Palliative Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States.
| | - Sheri A Knepel
- Division of Palliative Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Charles C Miller
- Division of Palliative Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Asma Azimi
- Division of Palliative Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Gary Phillips
- The Ohio State University Center for Biostatistics, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Jillian L Gustin
- Division of Palliative Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Amber Hartman
- Division of Palliative Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States; Department of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States
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Abstract
Opioid analgesia continues to be the primary pharmacologic intervention for managing acute pain and malignant pain in both hospitalized and ambulatory patients. The increasing use of opioids in chronic nonmalignant pain is more problematic. Opioid treatment is complicated with the risks raised by adverse effects, especially cognitive disturbance, respiratory depression but also the risk of tolerance, opioid abuse and drug-disease interactions. Despite the growing number of available opioids within the last years, adequate trials of opioid rotation are lacking and most of the information is anecdotal. This article reviews the clinical evidence surrounding the switch from transdermal buprenorphine to tapentadol in malignant and non-malignant pain. Tapentadol acts on both the μ-opioid receptors (MOR) and on the neuronal reuptake of noradrenaline with a limited usefulness in acute pain management while buprenorphine is a mixed agonist-antagonist, and both present some advantages over other opioids. Both drugs show particular pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties which reduce the risks of development of tolerance, opioid abuse, diversion and determine fewer hormone changes than the "classical opioids" making these opioids more attractive than other opioids in long term opioid treatment. However, in the absence of powered clinical trials, the evidence to support the method used for transdermal buprenorphine rotation to tapentadol is weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Miclescu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden
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Viet CT, Dang D, Aouizerat BE, Miaskowski C, Ye Y, Viet DT, Ono K, Schmidt BL. OPRM1 Methylation Contributes to Opioid Tolerance in Cancer Patients. J Pain 2017; 18:1046-1059. [PMID: 28456745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer patients in pain require high doses of opioids and quickly become opioid-tolerant. Previous studies have shown that chronic cancer pain as well as high-dose opioid use lead to mu-opioid receptor downregulation. In this study we explore downregulation of the mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1), as a mechanism for opioid tolerance in the setting of opioid use for cancer pain. We demonstrate in a cohort of 84 cancer patients that high-dose opioid use correlates with OPRM1 hypermethylation in peripheral leukocytes of these patients. We then reverse-translate our clinical findings by creating a mouse cancer pain model; we create opioid tolerance in the mouse cancer model to mimic opioid tolerance in the cancer patients. Using this model we determine the functional significance of OPRM1 methylation on cancer pain and opioid tolerance. We focus on 2 main cells within the cancer microenvironment: the cancer cell and the neuron. We show that targeted re-expression of mu-opioid receptor on cancer cells inhibits mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity, and prevents opioid tolerance, in the mouse model. The resultant analgesia and protection against opioid tolerance are likely due to preservation of mu-opioid receptor expression on the cancer-associated neurons. PERSPECTIVE We demonstrate that epigenetic regulation of OPRM1 contributes to opioid tolerance in cancer patients, and that targeted gene therapy could treat cancer-induced nociception and opioid tolerance in a mouse cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi T Viet
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University, New York, New York; Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Dongmin Dang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University, New York, New York; Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Bradley E Aouizerat
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University, New York, New York; School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, California; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Yi Ye
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University, New York, New York; Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Dan T Viet
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Kentaro Ono
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University, New York, New York; Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Brian L Schmidt
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University, New York, New York; Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University, New York, New York.
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Chen SP, Zhou YQ, Liu DQ, Zhang W, Manyande A, Guan XH, Tian YK, Ye DW, Omar DM. PI3K/Akt Pathway: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Chronic Pain. Curr Pharm Des 2017; 23:1860-1868. [PMID: 28190392 DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170210150147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is among the most disabling and costly disorders, with prevalence ranging from 10% to 55%. However, current therapeutic strategies for chronic pain are unsatisfactory due to our poor understanding of its mechanisms. Thus, novel therapeutic targets need to be found in order to improve these patients' quality of life. PI3K and its downstream Akt are widely expressed in the spinal cord, particularly in the laminae I-IV of the dorsal horn, where nociceptive C and Aδ fibers of primary afferents principally terminate. Recent studies have demonstrated their critical roles in the development and maintenance of chronic pain. In this review, we summarized the roles and mechanisms of PI3K/Akt pathway in the progression of chronic pain through sciatic nerve injury, diabetic neuropathy, spinal cord injury, bone cancer, opioid tolerance, or opioid-induced hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ping Chen
- Anesthesiology Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan. China
| | - Ya-Qun Zhou
- Anesthesiology Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan. China
| | - Dai-Qiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan. China
| | - Anne Manyande
- School of Psychology, Social Work and Human Sciences, University of West London, Brentford. United Kingdom
| | - Xue-Hai Guan
- Anesthesiology Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan. China
| | - Yu-Ke Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan. China
| | - Da-Wei Ye
- Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan. China
| | - Deeq Mohamed Omar
- MBBS, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan. China
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Chakrabarti S, Chang A, Liu NJ, Gintzler AR. Chronic opioid treatment augments caveolin-1 scaffolding: relevance to stimulatory μ-opioid receptor adenylyl cyclase signaling. J Neurochem 2016; 139:737-747. [PMID: 27726130 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Caveolin-1 is the predominant structural protein of caveolae, a subset of (lipid) membrane rafts that compartmentalize cell signaling. Caveolin-1 binds most to G protein-coupled receptors and their signaling partners, thereby enhancing interactions among signaling cascade components and the relative activation of specific G protein-coupled pathways. This study reveals that chronic opioid exposure of μ-opioid receptor (MOR) expressing Chinese hamster ovary cells (MOR-CHO) and chronic in vivo morphine exposure of rat spinal cord augmented recruitment of multiple components of MOR-adenylyl cyclase (AC) stimulatory signaling by caveolin-1. Strikingly, in MOR-CHO and spinal cord, blocking the caveolin-1 scaffolding domain substantially attenuated the chronic morphine-induced increased interaction of caveolin-1 with MOR, Gsα, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), and AC. Chronic morphine treatment also increased interactions among the above signaling proteins, thus enabling sufentanil to stimulate (rather than inhibit) cAMP production within lipid membrane microdomains. The latter finding underscores the functionality of augmented interactions among MOR, Gs α, PP2A, and AC. In the aggregate, our data strongly suggest that augmented caveolin-1 scaffolding undergirds the ability of chronic opioids to recruit an ancillary signaling pathway by acting as an organizing template for MOR-Gs α-AC signaling and delimiting the membrane compartment(s) in which it occurs. Since caveolin-1 binds to a wide spectrum of signaling molecules, altered caveolin-1 scaffolding following chronic opioid treatment is likely to pertain to most, if not all, MOR signaling partners. The chronic morphine-induced trigger that augments caveolin-1 scaffolding could represent a seminal perturbation that initiates the wide spectrum of adaptations thought to contribute to opioid tolerance and dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Chakrabarti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Andrew Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Nai-Jiang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Alan R Gintzler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
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De Andres J, Fabregat-Cid G, Asensio-Samper JM, Sanchis-Lopez N, Moliner-Velazquez S. Management of acute pain in patients on treatment with opioids. Pain Manag 2016; 5:167-73. [PMID: 25971640 DOI: 10.2217/pmt.15.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of opioids for both benign and cancer-related chronic pain has increased exponentially over the last few years. For this reason, increasing numbers of such patients are presenting for surgery. It is known that continuous use of opioids is associated with an increase in postoperative analgesic requirements. This is believed to be mediated by the development of tolerance and opioid-induced hyperalgesia. Patients treated with opioids have special needs in the perioperative setting and it is the anesthesiologist's responsibility to manage these needs optimally. The aim of the present paper is to briefly orient the reader in the management of postoperative pain in patients chronically treated with licit opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose De Andres
- Multidisciplinary Pain Management Department. Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care & Pain Management, General University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
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Chakrabarti S, Madia PA, Gintzler AR. Selective up-regulation of functional mu-opioid receptor splice variants by chronic opioids. J Neurochem 2016; 136:1119-1130. [PMID: 26718622 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported (Verzillo, et al. J. Neurochem: 130, 790-796, 2014) that chronic systemic morphine selectively up-regulates mRNA encoding two C-terminal μ-opioid receptor (MOR) splice variants, MOR-1C1 and MOR-1B2 (MOR-1B2/-1C1). Given the known disconnects between changes in levels of mRNA and corresponding protein, it is essential to directly demonstrate that chronic opioid treatment elevates functional MOR-1B2/-1C1 protein prior to inferring relevance of these MOR variants to spinal opioid tolerance mechanisms. Accordingly, we investigated the ability of chronic opioid exposure to up-regulate MOR protein in Chinese hamster ovary cells stably transfected with rat MOR variants MOR-1B2, MOR-1C1, or MOR-1 (considered to be the predominant MOR). Findings revealed that chronic treatment with the clinically relevant opioids morphine, oxycodone and hydrocodone substantially up-regulated membrane MOR-1B2/-1C1 protein. This up-regulation was abolished by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, eliminating contributions from receptor redistribution. The increment in MOR-1B2/-1C1 protein was paralleled by a significant increment in opioid agonist-stimulated GTPγS-binding (reflective of increased aggregate MOR G protein coupling) indicating that up-regulated MOR-1B2/-1C1 represented functional receptors. Strikingly, these tolerance-associated adaptations of MOR-1B2/-1C1 differed considerably from those of MOR-1. Antithetical regulation of MOR-1B2/-1C1 and MOR-1 by chronic opioids has significant implications for the design of new therapeutic agents to counteract opioid analgesic tolerance and accompanying addiction. Since chronic opioids induce MOR-1B2/-1C1 up-regulation in spinal cord of males, but not females, elucidating cellular compartments and intracellular pathways mediating MOR-1B2/-1C1 up-regulation and defining their unique signaling attributes would enable a precision medicinal approach to pain management and addiction therapy. In the spinal cord of males, but not females, chronic morphine up-regulates mRNA encoding two mu-opioid receptor (MOR) variants, MOR-1B2 and MOR-1C1 (MOR-1B2/-1C1). We now demonstrate that chronic treatment with the clinically relevant opioids morphine, hydrocodone or oxycodone up-regulates MOR-1B2/-1C1 functional protein, which is dependent on de novo protein synthesis. Findings underscore the importance of unique signaling attributes of MOR variants to sexually dimorphic tolerance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Chakrabarti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Priyanka A Madia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Alan R Gintzler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
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Tripi PA, Kuestner ME, Poe-Kochert CS, Rubin K, Son-Hing JP, Thompson GH, Tobias JD. Intrathecal morphine attenuates acute opioid tolerance secondary to remifentanil infusions during spinal surgery in adolescents. J Pain Res 2015; 8:637-40. [PMID: 26445559 PMCID: PMC4590583 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s88687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The unique pharmacokinetic properties of remifentanil with a context-sensitive half-life unaffected by length of infusion contribute to its frequent use during anesthetic management during posterior spinal fusion in children and adolescents. However, its intraoperative administration can lead to increased postoperative analgesic requirements, which is postulated to be the result of acute opioid tolerance with enhancement of spinal N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function. Although strategies to prevent or reduce tolerance have included the coadministration of longer acting opioids or ketamine, the majority of these studies have demonstrated little to no benefit. The current study retrospectively evaluates the efficacy of intrathecal morphine (ITM) in preventing hyperalgesia following a remifentanil infusion. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 54 patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion with segmental spinal instrumentation, to evaluate the effects of ITM on hyperalgesia from remifentanil. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether they did or did not receive remifentanil during the surgery: no remifentanil (control group) (n=27) and remifentanil (study group) (n=27). Data included demographics, remifentanil dose and duration, Wong–Baker visual analog scale postoperative pain scores, and postoperative intravenous morphine consumption in the first 48 postoperative hours. Results The demographics of the two study groups were similar. There were no differences in the Wong–Baker visual analog scale pain scores in the postanesthesia care unit and on postoperative days 1 and 3. Pain scores were higher in the remifentanil group on postoperative day 2 (2.9 vs 3.8). Postoperative morphine requirements were similar between the two groups (0.029 vs 0.017 mg/kg/48 h for the control group and the study group, respectively). Conclusion In patients receiving preincisional ITM during spinal surgery, intraoperative remifentanil does not increase postoperative analgesic requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Tripi
- Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Matthew E Kuestner
- Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Connie S Poe-Kochert
- Division of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kasia Rubin
- Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jochen P Son-Hing
- Division of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - George H Thompson
- Division of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Joseph D Tobias
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
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Abstract
We hypothesize that there is a tissue store of methadone content in humans that is not directly accessible, but is quantifiable. Further, we hypothesize the mechanism by which methadone content is sustained in tissue stores involves methadone uptake, storage, and release from tissue depots in the body (recycling). Accordingly, we hypothesize that such tissue stores, in part, determine plasma methadone levels. We studied a random sample of six opioid-naïve healthy subjects. We performed a clinical trial simulation in silico using pharmacokinetic modeling. We found a large tissue store of methadone content whose size was much larger than methadone's size in plasma in response to a single oral dose of methadone 10 mg. The tissue store measured 13-17 mg. This finding could only be explained by the contemporaneous storage of methadone in tissue with dose recycling. We found that methadone recycles 2-5 times through an inaccessible extravascular compartment (IAC), from an accessible plasma-containing compartment (AC), before exiting irreversibly. We estimate the rate of accumulation (or storage) of methadone in tissue was 0.029-7.29 mg/h. We predict 39 ± 13% to 83 ± 6% of methadone's tissue stores "spillover" into the circulation. Our results indicate that there exists a large quantifiable tissue store of methadone in humans. Our results support the notion that methadone in humans undergoes tissue uptake, storage, release into the circulation, reuptake from the circulation, and re-release into the circulation, and that spillover of methadone from tissue stores, in part, maintain plasma methadone levels in humans.
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Bao Y, Gao Y, Yang L, Kong X, Yu J, Hou W, Hua B. The mechanism of μ-opioid receptor (MOR)-TRPV1 crosstalk in TRPV1 activation involves morphine anti-nociception, tolerance and dependence. Channels (Austin) 2015; 9:235-43. [PMID: 26176938 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2015.1069450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Initiated by the activation of various nociceptors, pain is a reaction to specific stimulus modalities. The μ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists, including morphine, remain the most potent analgesics to treat patients with moderate to severe pain. However, the utility of MOR agonists is limited by the adverse effects associated with the use of these drugs, including analgesic tolerance and physical dependence. A strong connection has been suggested between the expression of the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) ion channel and the development of inflammatory hyperalgesia. TRPV1 is important for thermal nociception induction, and is mainly expressed on sensory neurons. Recent reports suggest that opioid or TRPV1 receptor agonist exposure has contrasting consequences for anti-nociception, tolerance and dependence. Chronic morphine exposure modulates TRPV1 activation and induces the anti-nociception effects of morphine. The regulation of many downstream targets of TRPV1 plays a critical role in this process, including calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP). Additional factors also include capsaicin treatment blocking the anti-nociception effects of morphine in rats, as well as opioid modulation of TRPV1 responses through the cAMP-dependent PKA pathway and MAPK signaling pathways. Here, we review new insights concerning the mechanism underlying MOR-TRPV1 crosstalk and signaling pathways and discuss the potential mechanisms of morphine-induced anti-nociception, tolerance and dependence associated with the TRPV1 signaling pathway and highlight how understanding these mechanisms might help find therapeutic targets for the treatment of morphine induced antinociception, tolerance and dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanju Bao
- a Department of Oncology ; Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences ; Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Yebo Gao
- a Department of Oncology ; Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences ; Beijing , P. R. China.,b Beijing University of Chinese Medicine ; Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Liping Yang
- c Department of Nephrology ; Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences ; Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Xiangying Kong
- d Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences ; Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Jing Yu
- e Department of Oncology ; Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University ; Beijing , China
| | - Wei Hou
- a Department of Oncology ; Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences ; Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Baojin Hua
- a Department of Oncology ; Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences ; Beijing , P. R. China
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Connor M, Bagley EE, Chieng BC, Christie MJ. β-Arrestin-2 knockout prevents development of cellular μ-opioid receptor tolerance but does not affect opioid-withdrawal-related adaptations in single PAG neurons. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:492-500. [PMID: 24597632 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Tolerance to the behavioural effects of morphine is blunted in β-arrestin-2 knockout mice, but opioid withdrawal is largely unaffected. The cellular mechanisms of tolerance have been studied in some neurons from β-arrestin-2 knockouts, but tolerance and withdrawal mechanisms have not been examined at the cellular level in periaqueductal grey (PAG) neurons, which are crucial for central tolerance and withdrawal phenomena. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH μ-Opioid receptor (MOPr) inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channel currents (ICa ) was examined by patch-clamp recordings from acutely dissociated PAG neurons from wild-type and β-arrestin-2 knockout mice treated chronically with morphine (CMT) or vehicle. Opioid withdrawal-induced activation of GABA transporter type 1 (GAT-1) currents was determined using perforated patch recordings from PAG neurons in brain slices. KEY RESULTS MOPr inhibition of ICa in PAG neurons was unaffected by β-arrestin-2 deletion. CMT impaired coupling of MOPrs to ICa in PAG neurons from wild-type mice, but this cellular tolerance was not observed in neurons from CMT β-arrestin-2 knockouts. However, β-arrestin-2 knockouts displayed similar opioid-withdrawal-induced activation of GAT-1 currents as wild-type PAG neurons. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS In β-arrestin-2 knockout mice, the central neurons involved in the anti-nociceptive actions of opioids also fail to develop cellular tolerance to opioids following chronic morphine. The results also provide the first cellular physiological evidence that opioid withdrawal is not disrupted by β-arrestin-2 deletion. However, the unaffected basal sensitivity to opioids in PAG neurons provides further evidence that changes in basal MOPr sensitivity cannot account for the enhanced acute nociceptive response to morphine reported in β-arrestin-2 knockouts. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Opioids: New Pathways to Functional Selectivity. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Connor
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Verzillo V, Madia PA, Liu NJ, Chakrabarti S, Gintzler AR. Mu-opioid receptor splice variants: sex-dependent regulation by chronic morphine. J Neurochem 2014; 130:790-6. [PMID: 24848866 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) generates a remarkable diversity of subtypes, the functional significance of which remains largely unknown. The structure of MOR could be a critical determinant of MOR functionality and its adaptations to chronic morphine exposure. As MOR antinociception has sexually dimorphic dimensions, we determined the influence of sex, stage of estrus cycle, and chronic systemic morphine on levels of MOR splice variant mRNA in rat spinal cord. Chronic systemic morphine influenced the spinal expression of mRNA encoding rMOR-1B2 and rMOR-1C1 in a profoundly sex-dependent fashion. In males, chronic morphine resulted in a twofold increase in expression levels of rMOR-1B2 and rMOR-1C1 mRNA. This effect of chronic morphine was completely absent in females. Increased density of MOR protein in spinal cord of males accompanied the chronic morphine-induced increase in MOR variant mRNA, suggesting that it reflected an increase in corresponding receptor protein. These results suggest that tolerance/dependence results, at least in part, from different adaptational strategies in males and females. The signaling consequences of the unique composition of the C-terminus tip of rMOR-1C1 and rMOR-1B2 could point the way to defining the molecular components of sex-dependent tolerance and withdrawal mechanisms. Chronic systemic morphine increases levels of mRNA encoding two splice variants of mu-opioid receptor (MOR), MOR-1B2 and MOR-1C1, variants differing from rMOR-1 in their C-terminal (and phosphorylation sites therein) and thus possibly signaling sequelae. This adaptation is sex-specific. It occurs in the spinal cord of males, but not females, indicating the importance of sex-specific mechanisms for and treatments of tolerance and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Verzillo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
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Li X, Zhu J, Li P, Zhu G, Wu X, Chen H, Zhao H, Wang W, Zhang Y, Xiao W, Liu D. A preliminary report on adjuvant analgesic efficacy of HANS in opioid tolerant patients with cancer pain. Chin J Cancer Res 2014; 26:174-82. [PMID: 24826058 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2014.04.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the adjuvant analgesic efficacy of Han's Acupoint Nerve Stimulator (HANS) in opioid tolerant patients with cancer pain. METHODS A prospective non-controlled study was conducted. Opioid tolerant patients with cancer pain were enrolled and treated with both routinely analgesics and adjuvant HANS (2/100 Hz for 30 min/d, 5 d on and 2 d off for two weeks). Cancer pain, quality of life (QOL), anxiety and depression were assessed before enrollment and on d 8 and d 15 with the BPI-C, EORTC QLQ-C30, and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS)/self-rating depression scale (SDS), respectively; the therapeutic frequency of breakthrough pain (BP) and daily opioid dose were also recorded. RESULTS Totally 47 patients meeting the inclusion criteria participated in this study; 43 patients completed the two-week treatment and assessment. The mean scores of patient's "worst" and "least" pain intensity assessed with BPI-C decreased significantly on d 8 and d 15; the therapeutic frequency of BP also significantly decreased; but the average daily dose of opioids did not change significantly. For the nine symptoms in EORTC QLQ-C30 assessment, the mean scores of pain, fatigue, constipation and insomnia were significantly lower on d 8 and d 15 compared with baseline; the mean scores of the overall health status, nausea/vomiting and the incidence rates of both anxiety and depression also decreased significantly on d 15. CONCLUSIONS To opioid tolerant patients with cancer pain, adjuvant treatment with HANS could improve pain release and patients' QOL by decreasing the severity of pain, fatigue, constipation, insomnia and other concomitant symptoms; it could also decrease the incidence rates of anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Li
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China ; 2 Department of No.3 Cadre Ward; Expert Group, Beijing Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China ; 3 Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Traditional Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China ; 4 Department of Medical Oncology, the General Hospital of the Air Force of the Chinese PLA, Beijing 100142, China ; 5 Integrated Department, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing 100021, China ; 6 Department of Medical Oncology, the Second Artillery General Hospital, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China ; 2 Department of No.3 Cadre Ward; Expert Group, Beijing Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China ; 3 Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Traditional Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China ; 4 Department of Medical Oncology, the General Hospital of the Air Force of the Chinese PLA, Beijing 100142, China ; 5 Integrated Department, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing 100021, China ; 6 Department of Medical Oncology, the Second Artillery General Hospital, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Pingping Li
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China ; 2 Department of No.3 Cadre Ward; Expert Group, Beijing Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China ; 3 Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Traditional Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China ; 4 Department of Medical Oncology, the General Hospital of the Air Force of the Chinese PLA, Beijing 100142, China ; 5 Integrated Department, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing 100021, China ; 6 Department of Medical Oncology, the Second Artillery General Hospital, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Guangqing Zhu
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China ; 2 Department of No.3 Cadre Ward; Expert Group, Beijing Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China ; 3 Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Traditional Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China ; 4 Department of Medical Oncology, the General Hospital of the Air Force of the Chinese PLA, Beijing 100142, China ; 5 Integrated Department, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing 100021, China ; 6 Department of Medical Oncology, the Second Artillery General Hospital, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China ; 2 Department of No.3 Cadre Ward; Expert Group, Beijing Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China ; 3 Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Traditional Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China ; 4 Department of Medical Oncology, the General Hospital of the Air Force of the Chinese PLA, Beijing 100142, China ; 5 Integrated Department, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing 100021, China ; 6 Department of Medical Oncology, the Second Artillery General Hospital, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Huoming Chen
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China ; 2 Department of No.3 Cadre Ward; Expert Group, Beijing Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China ; 3 Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Traditional Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China ; 4 Department of Medical Oncology, the General Hospital of the Air Force of the Chinese PLA, Beijing 100142, China ; 5 Integrated Department, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing 100021, China ; 6 Department of Medical Oncology, the Second Artillery General Hospital, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Huixia Zhao
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China ; 2 Department of No.3 Cadre Ward; Expert Group, Beijing Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China ; 3 Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Traditional Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China ; 4 Department of Medical Oncology, the General Hospital of the Air Force of the Chinese PLA, Beijing 100142, China ; 5 Integrated Department, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing 100021, China ; 6 Department of Medical Oncology, the Second Artillery General Hospital, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Wei Wang
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China ; 2 Department of No.3 Cadre Ward; Expert Group, Beijing Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China ; 3 Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Traditional Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China ; 4 Department of Medical Oncology, the General Hospital of the Air Force of the Chinese PLA, Beijing 100142, China ; 5 Integrated Department, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing 100021, China ; 6 Department of Medical Oncology, the Second Artillery General Hospital, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China ; 2 Department of No.3 Cadre Ward; Expert Group, Beijing Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China ; 3 Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Traditional Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China ; 4 Department of Medical Oncology, the General Hospital of the Air Force of the Chinese PLA, Beijing 100142, China ; 5 Integrated Department, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing 100021, China ; 6 Department of Medical Oncology, the Second Artillery General Hospital, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Wenhua Xiao
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China ; 2 Department of No.3 Cadre Ward; Expert Group, Beijing Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China ; 3 Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Traditional Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China ; 4 Department of Medical Oncology, the General Hospital of the Air Force of the Chinese PLA, Beijing 100142, China ; 5 Integrated Department, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing 100021, China ; 6 Department of Medical Oncology, the Second Artillery General Hospital, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Duanqi Liu
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China ; 2 Department of No.3 Cadre Ward; Expert Group, Beijing Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China ; 3 Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Traditional Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China ; 4 Department of Medical Oncology, the General Hospital of the Air Force of the Chinese PLA, Beijing 100142, China ; 5 Integrated Department, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing 100021, China ; 6 Department of Medical Oncology, the Second Artillery General Hospital, Beijing 100088, China
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Kim SH, Stoicea N, Soghomonyan S, Bergese SD. Intraoperative use of remifentanil and opioid induced hyperalgesia/acute opioid tolerance: systematic review. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:108. [PMID: 24847273 PMCID: PMC4021143 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of opioids has been increasing in operating room and intensive care unit to provide perioperative analgesia as well as stable hemodynamics. However, many authors have suggested that the use of opioids is associated with the expression of acute opioid tolerance (AOT) and opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) in experimental studies and clinical observations in dose and/or time dependent exposure even when used within the clinically accepted doses. Recently, remifentanil has been used for pain management during anesthesia as well as in the intensive care units because of its rapid onset and offset. OBJECTIVES Search of the available literature to assess remifentanil AOT and OIH based on available published data. METHODS We reviewed articles analyzing remifentanil AOT and OIH, and focused our literature search on evidence based information. Experimental and clinical studies were identified using electronic searches of Medline (PubMed, Ovid, Springer, and Elsevier, ClinicalKey). RESULTS Our results showed that the development of remifentanil AOT and OIH is a clinically significant phenomenon requiring further research. DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS AOT - defined as an increase in the required opioid dose to maintain adequate analgesia, and OIH - defined as decreased pain threshold after chronic opioid treatment, should be suspected with any unexplained pain report unassociated with the disease progression. The clinical significance of these findings was evaluated taking into account multiple methodological issues including the dose and duration of opioids administration, the different infusion mode, the co-administrated anesthetic drug's effect, method assessing pain sensitivity, and the repetitive and potentially tissue damaging nature of the stimuli used to determine the threshold during opioid infusion. Future studies need to investigate the contribution of remifentanil induced hyperalgesia to chronic pain and the role of pharmacological modulation to reverse this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hun Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Nicoleta Stoicea
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Suren Soghomonyan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sergio D Bergese
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, OH, USA ; Department of Neurological Surgery, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, OH, USA
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Deng D, Wu X, Fu L, Zhao Y, Zhang G, Liang C, Xie C, Zhou Y. The role of analgesic adjustment strategies in achieving analgesic efficacy in opioid-tolerant hospice patients in China. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2014; 31:315-21. [PMID: 23838450 DOI: 10.1177/1049909113494745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse strategies of analgesic adjustment are often, respectively, used to sustain analgesic efficiency for opioid-tolerant patients with different refractory factors of pain. In order to select effective analgesic adjustment strategy for hospice patient without knowing explicit causes of diminishing analgesic efficiency, a retrospective data of 743 patients among 3760 hospice patients were analyzed. The efficacy and adverse effects were not significantly different among analgesic adjustment strategies at each adjustment. Opioid duration was not associated with clinical characteristics. For opioid-tolerant hospice patients, the analgesic adjustment strategy can be selected for individual patient. After repeated analgesic adjustments, opioid tapering may also occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Deng
- 1Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Auret K, Schug SA. Pain management for the cancer patient - current practice and future developments. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2013; 27:545-61. [PMID: 24267557 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Anaesthesiologists will be asked to provide pain management for cancer patients in the absence of more specialised services, when interventional techniques are indicated and in the postoperative period. In all these settings, the complexity of cancer pain and its psychosocial connotations need to be considered to provide appropriate and holistic care. Principles of systemic pain management, effective in most patients, continue to follow established guidelines; identification of neuropathic pain and its appropriate treatment is important here. Interventional pain relief is required in a minority of cancer patients, but it should be considered when appropriate and then done with best available expertise. Neurolytic procedures have lost importance here over the years. Postoperative pain management should be multimodal with consideration of regional techniques when applicable. In managing postoperative pain in cancer patients, opioid tolerance needs to be addressed to avoid withdrawal and poor analgesia. Preventive techniques aiming to reduce chronic postoperative pain should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Auret
- Rural Clinical School of WA, UWA Science Building M701, 35 Stirling Tce, Albany, WA 6330, Australia.
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Woode E, Ameyaw EO, Boakye-Gyasi E, Abotsi WKM. Analgesic effects of an ethanol extract of the fruits of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich (Annonaceae) and the major constituent, xylopic acid in murine models. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2012; 4:291-301. [PMID: 23248562 PMCID: PMC3523524 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.103251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Fruit extracts of Xylopia aethiopica are used traditionally in the management of pain disorders including rheumatism, headache, colic pain, and neuralgia. Little pharmacological data exists in scientific literature of the effect of the fruit extract and its major diterpene, xylopic acid, on pain. The present study evaluated the analgesic properties of the ethanol extract of X. aethiopica (XAE) and xylopic acid (XA), in murine models. Materials and Methods: XAE and XA were assessed in chemical (acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing and formalin tests), thermal (Tail-flick and Hargreaves thermal hyperalgesia tests), and mechanical (Randall-Selitto paw pressure test) pain models. Results: XAE and XA exhibited significant analgesic activity in all the pain models used. XAE (30-300 mg kg-1, p.o.) and XA (10-100 mg kg-1, p.o.) inhibited acetic acid-induced visceral nociception, formalin- induced paw pain (both neurogenic and inflammatory), thermal pain as well as carrageenan-induced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in animals. Morphine (1-10 mg kg-1, i.p.) and diclofenac (1-10 mg kg-1, i.p.), used as controls, exhibited similar anti-nociceptive activities. XAE and XA did not induce tolerance to their respective anti-nociceptive effects in the formalin test after chronic administration. Morphine tolerance did not also cross-generalize to the analgesic effects of XAE or XA. Conclusions: These findings establish the analgesic properties of the ethanol fruit extract of X. aethiopica and its major diterpene, xylopic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Woode
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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