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Bogdan A, Moraru IT, Vanthuyne N, Auban-Senzier P, Grosu I, Avarvari N, Pop F. Chiral Spiro-Tetrathiafulvalenes: Synthesis, Chiroptical Properties, Conformational Issues and Charge Transfer Complexes. Chemistry 2024:e202400564. [PMID: 38525656 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Within this work we have investigated spiro-based tetrathiafulvalenes (TTFs) obtained as mixtures of stereoisomers from racemic spiro[5.5]undeca-1,8-dien-3-one. Compared to previously described spiro-TTFs, enantiomeric and diastereoisomeric forms have been here separated by chiral HPLC and fully characterized both experimentally and theoretically. The two types of spiro-based chiral derivatives contain either one (2) or three (1) chiral centres out of each one is spiro-type. Experimental CD, supported by TD-DFT calculations, shows differences in the optical activity between the 1 and 2 and their intermediates. The low optical activity of 2 and 3 (spiro alone chirality) was attributed to the presence of two conformers in the solution (ax and eq) of opposite Cotton effect whereas in the case of 1 and 5 (spiro and stereogenic centres) the spiro chirality seems to be responsible of the Cotton effect in the high energy region whereas the R and S chirality in the low energy region. Racemic and enantiopure forms have been successfully used for the synthesis of charge transfer complexes with tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) based acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bogdan
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, SFR MATRIX, F-, 49000, Angers, France
- Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and SOOMCC, Cluj-Napoca, 11 Arany Janos Str, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ionut-Tudor Moraru
- Babeş-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, 11 Arany Janos Str, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, UAR, 1739, FSCM, Chiropole, Marseille, France
| | - Pascale Auban-Senzier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, UMR 8502, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Ion Grosu
- Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and SOOMCC, Cluj-Napoca, 11 Arany Janos Str, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Narcis Avarvari
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, SFR MATRIX, F-, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Flavia Pop
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, SFR MATRIX, F-, 49000, Angers, France
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2
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Nosovska O, Liebing P, Vilotijevic I. Synthesis of β-Amino Acid Derivatives via Enantioselective Lewis Base Catalyzed N-Allylation of Halogenated Amides with Morita-Baylis-Hillman Carbonates. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304014. [PMID: 38116835 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Trifluoro- and trichloroacetamides serving as pronucleophiles undergo enantioselective Lewis base catalyzed N-allylation with Morita-Baylis-Hillman carbonates to produce enantioenriched β-amino acid derivatives. The reactions proceed as a kinetic resolution to give the allylation products and the remaining carbonates in good yields and high enantioselectivity. The obtained products are amenable to diastereoselective derivatization to produce a library of spiro-isoxazoline lactams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Nosovska
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Phil Liebing
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ivan Vilotijevic
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
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3
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Imai T, Sakamaki D, Aoyagi S, Amaya T. Intramolecular Electron Transfer in Multi-Redox Systems Based on Cyclic [3]Spirobifluorenylene Compound. Chemistry 2023:e202302670. [PMID: 37740416 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic [3]spirobifluorenylene with bulky alkyl groups at the ends (1) was designed and synthesized to investigate the electron transfer phenomena in a π-conjugated system including orthogonal π-conjugated chains. The three bifluorenyl units in 1 are conjugated to each other via spiro-conjugation, resulting in the splitting of the HOMO levels to a small extent. Therefore, the SOMO-HOMO gap of the radical cation species is small, which is considered to allow the facile intramolecular electron transfer. The electronic properties of 1 and its partial structures were characterized by absorption and fluorescence measurements and electrochemical analysis. From the electrochemical oxidation, the interchain Coulombic repulsion was observed. In the TD-DFT calculations for the radical cation species of 1, the geometry-featured interchain electronic transitions were visualized by NTO calculations. The radical cation species of 1 generated by chemical oxidation with SbCl5 exhibited a broadened and lower-energy NIR absorption band exceeding 2000 nm. Considering the results of the TD-DFT calculations, the NIR band of the radical cation of 1 was attributed to the intramolecular electron transfer processes among the bifluorenyl units in the macrocycle. ESR experiments also indicated the delocalization of a spin of 1⋅+ in the whole molecule via hole hopping in the ESR time scale at room temperature. This work demonstrates the usefulness of spiro-conjugation as a bridging unit in molecular wires to facilitate smooth electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Imai
- Department of Information and Basic Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, 1 Yamanohata, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8501, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakamaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Shinobu Aoyagi
- Department of Information and Basic Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, 1 Yamanohata, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8501, Japan
| | - Toru Amaya
- Department of Information and Basic Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, 1 Yamanohata, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8501, Japan
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4
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Partanen I, Belyaev A, Su BK, Liu ZY, Saarinen JJ, Hashim II, Steffen A, Chou PT, Romero-Nieto C, Koshevoy IO. From Terminal to Spiro-Phosphonium Acceptors, Remarkable Moieties to Develop Polyaromatic NIR Dyes. Chemistry 2023:e202301073. [PMID: 37212544 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Phosphonium-based compounds gain attention as a promising photofunctional materials. As a contribution to the emerging field, we present a series of donor-acceptor ionic dyes, which were constructed by tailoring the phosphonium (A) and extended π-NR2 (D) fragments to the anthracene framework. The alteration of the π-spacer of electron-donating substituents in species with terminal -+PPh2Me groups exhibits a long absorption wavelength up to λabs = 527 nm in dichloromethane and shifted the emission to the near-infrared (NIR) region (λ = 805 nm for thienyl aniline donor), although at low quantum yield (Φ < 0.01). In turn, the introduction of a P-heterocyclic acceptor substantially narrowed the optical bandgap and improved the efficiency of fluorescence. In particular, the phospha-spiro moiety allowed to attain NIR emission (797 nm in dichloromethane) with fluorescence efficiency of as high as Φ = 0.12. The electron-accepting property of phospha-spiro constituent outperformed that of the monocyclic and terminal phosphonium counterparts, illustrating a promising direction in the design of novel charge transfer chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iida Partanen
- University of Eastern Finland: Ita-Suomen yliopisto, Chemistry, FINLAND
| | - Andrey Belyaev
- University of Jyväskylä: Jyvaskylan Yliopisto, Department of Chemistry, FINLAND
| | - Bo-Kang Su
- National Taiwan University, Chemistry, TAIWAN
| | | | - Jarkko J Saarinen
- University of Eastern Finland: Ita-Suomen yliopisto, Chemistry, FINLAND
| | | | - Andreas Steffen
- TU Dortmund University: Technische Universitat Dortmund, Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- National Taiwan University, Chemistry, TAIWAN
| | | | - Igor O Koshevoy
- University of Eastern Finland, Deaprtment of Chemistry, Yliopistokatu 7, 80101, Joensuu, FINLAND
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Iazzetti A, Allevi D, Calcaterra A, Fabrizi G, Goggiamani A, Mazzoccanti G, Sferrazza A, Verdiglione R, Vergine V. Highly Efficient and Mild Gold (I) Catalyzed Synthesis of 3,8-Diarylidene-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonane-1,6-diones. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010300. [PMID: 36615493 PMCID: PMC9822471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The gold-catalyzed cyclization of 2,2-bis(3-arylprop-2-yn1-yl)malonic acid has been proposed as an efficient approach to substituted 3,8-dibenzyl-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonane-1,6-diones. The reaction proceeds smoothly in mild reaction conditions to give the desired products in quantitative yields in the presence of variously substituted starting materials. In addition, the synthesis of γ-arylidene spirobislactone bearing different substituents on the two aromatic rings has been achieved. This kind of compound could be of great interest in pharmaceutical science given the widespread presence of this scaffold in bioactive natural and synthetic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Iazzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Campus di Roma, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Allevi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Campus di Roma, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Calcaterra
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza-University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giancarlo Fabrizi
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza-University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Goggiamani
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza-University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Mazzoccanti
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza-University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Sferrazza
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza-University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Verdiglione
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza-University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Vergine
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza-University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Spiro compounds are biologically active organic compounds with unique structures, found in a wide variety of natural products and drugs. They do not readily lead to drug resistance due to their unique mechanisms of action and have, therefore, attracted considerable attention regarding pesticide development. Analyzing structure-activity relationships (SARs) and summarizing the characteristics of spiro compounds with high activity are crucial steps in the design and development of new pesticides. This review mainly summarizes spiro compounds with insecticidal, bactericidal, fungicidal, herbicidal, antiviral, and plant growth regulating functions to provide insight for the creation of new spiro compound pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ali Dai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Anjing Liao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shengxin Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
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7
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Sedenkova KN, Andriasov KS, Eremenko MG, Grishin YK, Alferova VA, Baranova AA, Zefirov NA, Zefirova ON, Zarubaev VV, Gracheva YA, Milaeva ER, Averina EB. Bicyclic Isoxazoline Derivatives: Synthesis and Evaluation of Biological Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113546. [PMID: 35684482 PMCID: PMC9182378 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The application of non-planar scaffolds in drug design allows for the enlargement of the chemical space, and for the construction of molecules that have more effective target-ligand interactions or are less prone to the development of resistance. Among the works of the last decade, a literature search revealed spirothiazamenthane, which has served as a lead in the development of derivatives active against resistant viral strains. In this work, we studied the novel molecular scaffold, which resembles spirothiazamenthane, but combines isoxazoline as a heterocycle and cyclooctane ring as a hydrophobic part of the structure. The synthesis of new 3-nitro- and 3-aminoisoxazolines containing spiro-fused or 1,2-annelated cyclooctane fragments was achieved by employing 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 3-nitro-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-4-ol 2-oxide or tetranitromethane-derived alkyl nitronates with non-activated alkenes. A series of spiro-sulfonamides was obtained by the reaction of 3-aminoisoxazoline containing a spiro-fused cyclooctane residue with sulfonyl chlorides. Preliminary screening of the compounds for antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal and antiproliferative properties in vitro revealed 1-oxa-2-azaspiro[4.7]dodec-2-en-3-amine and 3a,4,5,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydrocycloocta[d]isoxazol-3-amine with activity against the influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) virus in the submicromolar range, and high values of selectivity index. Further study of the mechanism of the antiviral action of these compounds, and the synthesis of their analogues, is likely to identify new agents against resistant viral strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya N. Sedenkova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.N.S.); (K.S.A.); (M.G.E.); (Y.K.G.); (N.A.Z.); (O.N.Z.); (Y.A.G.); (E.R.M.)
| | - Kristian S. Andriasov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.N.S.); (K.S.A.); (M.G.E.); (Y.K.G.); (N.A.Z.); (O.N.Z.); (Y.A.G.); (E.R.M.)
| | - Marina G. Eremenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.N.S.); (K.S.A.); (M.G.E.); (Y.K.G.); (N.A.Z.); (O.N.Z.); (Y.A.G.); (E.R.M.)
| | - Yuri K. Grishin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.N.S.); (K.S.A.); (M.G.E.); (Y.K.G.); (N.A.Z.); (O.N.Z.); (Y.A.G.); (E.R.M.)
| | - Vera A. Alferova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, B. Pirogovskaya 11, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.A.); (A.A.B.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A. Baranova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, B. Pirogovskaya 11, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.A.); (A.A.B.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay A. Zefirov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.N.S.); (K.S.A.); (M.G.E.); (Y.K.G.); (N.A.Z.); (O.N.Z.); (Y.A.G.); (E.R.M.)
| | - Olga N. Zefirova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.N.S.); (K.S.A.); (M.G.E.); (Y.K.G.); (N.A.Z.); (O.N.Z.); (Y.A.G.); (E.R.M.)
| | - Vladimir V. Zarubaev
- Saint Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 14 Mira St., 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Yulia A. Gracheva
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.N.S.); (K.S.A.); (M.G.E.); (Y.K.G.); (N.A.Z.); (O.N.Z.); (Y.A.G.); (E.R.M.)
| | - Elena R. Milaeva
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.N.S.); (K.S.A.); (M.G.E.); (Y.K.G.); (N.A.Z.); (O.N.Z.); (Y.A.G.); (E.R.M.)
| | - Elena B. Averina
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.N.S.); (K.S.A.); (M.G.E.); (Y.K.G.); (N.A.Z.); (O.N.Z.); (Y.A.G.); (E.R.M.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Abstract
The functions of the materials composed of small molecules are highly dependent on their ordered molecular arrangements in both natural and artificial systems. Without ordered structure, small molecules hardly gain complicated functions, due to the absence of intermolecular covalent bond connection or strong network. Here, a low molecular weight spiropyran that could exhibit attractive photochromism and powerful adhesion property in disordered solid state is demonstrated. With maximum up to ∼8 MPa, the adhesion strength could be photoregulated in multiple levels, which also shows one-to-one correspondence to the specific color state. The working mechanism analysis on the photoregulated adhesion reveals that the isomer ratio of merocyanine form and the molecular packing density of spiropyran are the determining factors for the adhesion ability. The discovery of photoregulated adhesion from pure spiropyran provides a new strategy for developing functional materials by employing low molecular weight compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Yawen Deng
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Congxia Xie
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Zhongtao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
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9
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Grenz DC, Rose D, Wössner JS, Wilbuer J, Adler F, Hermann M, Chan C, Adachi C, Esser B. Spiroconjugated Tetraaminospirenes as Donors in Color-Tunable Charge-Transfer Emitters with Donor-Acceptor Structure. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104150. [PMID: 34860443 PMCID: PMC9299689 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Charge-transfer emitters are attractive due to their color tunability and potentially high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs). We herein present tetraaminospirenes as donor moieties, which, in combination with a variety of acceptors, furnished 12 charge-transfer emitters with a range of emission colors and PLQYs of up to 99 %. The spatial separation of their frontier molecular orbitals was obtained through careful structural design, and two DA structures were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. A range of photophysical measurements supported by DFT calculations shed light on the optoelectronic properties of this new family of spiro-NN-donor-acceptor dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Grenz
- Institute for Organic ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research OPERAKyushu University744 Motooka, Nishi819-0395FukuokaJapan
| | - Daniel Rose
- Institute for Organic ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Jan S. Wössner
- Institute for Organic ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Jennifer Wilbuer
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of BonnGerhard-Domagk-Str. 153121BonnGermany
| | - Florin Adler
- Institute for Organic ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Mathias Hermann
- Institute for Organic ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Chin‐Yiu Chan
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research OPERAKyushu University744 Motooka, Nishi819-0395FukuokaJapan
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research OPERAKyushu University744 Motooka, Nishi819-0395FukuokaJapan
| | - Birgit Esser
- Institute for Organic ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Materials Research CenterUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Str. 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired TechnologiesUniversity of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
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10
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Olifir OS, Chernykh AV, Dobrydnev AV, Grygorenko OO, Moroz YS, Voitenko ZV, Radchenko DS. Multigram Synthesis of Advanced 6,6-Difluorospiro[3.3]heptane-derived Building Blocks. European J Org Chem 2021; 2021:6541-6550. [PMID: 35095338 PMCID: PMC8791643 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
A convenient methodology for constructing 6,6-difluorospiro[3.3]heptane scaffold - a conformationally restricted isostere of gem-difluorocycloalkanes - is developed. Alarge array of novel 2-mono- and 2,2-bifunctionalized difluorospiro[3.3]heptane building blocks was obtained through the convergent synthesis strategy using a common synthetic precursor - 1,1-bis(bromomethyl)-3,3-difluorocyclobutane. The target compounds and intermediates were prepared by short reaction sequences (6-10 steps) on multigram scale (up to 0.47 kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr S Olifir
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Anton V Chernykh
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
| | - Alexey V Dobrydnev
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Yuriy S Moroz
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
- Chemspace, Ilukstes iela 38-5, Riga, LV-1082, Latvia
| | - Zoia V Voitenko
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro S Radchenko
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
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11
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Jiang SD, Zhou S, Yuan J, Wang ZY, Ling K, Fu PX, Fang YH, Wang YX, Liu Z, Porfyrakis K, Briggs GAD, Gao S. Implementation of Quantum Level Addressability and Geometric Phase Manipulation in Aligned Endohedral Fullerene Qudits. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202115263. [PMID: 34913233 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Endohedral nitrogen fullerenes have been proposed as building blocks for quantum information processing due to their long spin coherence time. However, addressability of the individual electron spin levels in such a multiplet system of 4S3/2 has never been achieved because of the molecular isotropy and transition degeneracy among the Zeeman levels. Herein, by molecular engineering, we lifted the degeneracy by zero-field splitting effects and made the multiple transitions addressable by a liquid-crystal-assisted method. The endohedral nitrogen fullerene derivatives with rigid addends of spiro structure and large aspect ratios of regioselective bis-addition improve the ordering of the spin ensemble. These samples empower endohedral-fullerene-based qudits, in which the transitions between the 4 electron spin levels were respectively addressed and coherently manipulated. The quantum geometric phase manipulation, which has long been proposed for the advantages in error tolerance and gating speed, was implemented in a pure electron spin system using molecules for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Da Jiang
- South China University of Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wushan Road 381, 510641, Guangzhou, CHINA
| | - Shen Zhou
- South China University of Technology, Spin-X Institute, CHINA
| | - Jiayue Yuan
- National University of Defense Technology, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, CHINA
| | - Zi-Yu Wang
- Peking University, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, CHINA
| | - Kun Ling
- South China University of Technology, Spin-X Institute, CHINA
| | - Peng-Xiang Fu
- Peking University, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, CHINA
| | - Yu-Hui Fang
- Peking University, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, CHINA
| | - Ye-Xin Wang
- South China University of Technology, Spin-X Institute, CHINA
| | - Zheng Liu
- South China University of Technology, Spin-X Institute, CHINA
| | | | - G Andrew D Briggs
- Oxford University: University of Oxford, Materials Department, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Song Gao
- South China University of Technology, Spin-X Institute, CHINA
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12
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Abstract
The identification of spiro N-heterocycles as scaffolds that display structural novelty, three-dimensionality, beneficial physicochemical properties, and enable the controlled spatial disposition of substituents has led to a surge of interest in utilizing these compounds in drug discovery programs. Herein, we report the strain-release-driven Friedel-Crafts spirocyclization of azabicyclo[1.1.0]butane-tethered (hetero)aryls for the synthesis of a unique library of azetidine spiro-tetralins. The reaction was discovered to proceed through an unexpected interrupted Friedel-Crafts mechanism, generating a highly complex azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexane scaffold. This dearomatized intermediate, formed exclusively as a single diastereomer, can be subsequently converted to the Friedel-Crafts product upon electrophilic activation of the tertiary amine, or trapped as a Diels-Alder adduct in one-pot. The rapid assembly of molecular complexity demonstrated in these reactions highlights the potential of the strain-release-driven spirocyclization strategy to be utilized in the synthesis of medicinally relevant scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper L Tyler
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Adam Noble
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Varinder K Aggarwal
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
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13
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Sohail M, Tanaka F. Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformation of Racemic Diastereomers: Diastereo- and Enantioconvergent Michael-Henry Reactions to Afford Spirooxindoles Bearing Furan-Fused Rings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21256-21260. [PMID: 34236757 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation (DYKAT) reactions of racemic diastereomer mixtures that afford the products as essentially single diastereomers with high enantioselectivities are described. We demonstrated the DYKAT in the diastereo- and enantioselective synthesis of spirooxindoles bearing furan-fused rings. The starting materials of the DYKAT, dihydrobenzofuranone derivatives, were synthesized in racemic diastereomer mixtures, and these were transformed to the spirooxindole derivatives in high yields with high diastereo- and enantioselectivities through Michael-Henry cascade reactions with nitrostyrenes under organocatalytic conditions. In the reactions, regardless the stereochemistry of the starting materials, all the four isomers were transformed to single diastereomers with high enantioselectivities, and four new chiral centers were created.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Fujie Tanaka
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
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14
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Choo KL, Mirabi B, Demmans KZ, Lautens M. Enantioselective Synthesis of Spiro-oxiranes: An Asymmetric Addition/Aldol/Spirocyclization Domino Cascade. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21189-21194. [PMID: 34324779 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Enantioenriched spiro-oxiranes bearing three contiguous stereocenters were synthesized using a rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric addition/aldol/spirocyclization sequence. Starting from a linear substrate, the cascade enabled the formation of a spirocyclic framework in a single step. sp2 - and sp-hybridized carbon nucleophiles were found to be competent initiators for this cascade, giving arylated or alkynylated products, respectively. Derivatization studies demonstrated the synthetic versatility of both the epoxide and the alkyne moieties of the products. DFT calculations were used to reconcile spectroscopic discrepancies observed between the solution- and solid-state structures of the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Loon Choo
- Davenport Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Bijan Mirabi
- Davenport Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Karl Z Demmans
- Davenport Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mark Lautens
- Davenport Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
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15
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Abstract
The different reactivity of trienones under Lewis and Brønsted acids catalysis was investigated, resulting in distinct cyclization products and carbon backbones that originated either from a conjugate Prins cyclization or an interrupted Nazarov cyclization. In particular, an unprecedented Nazarov cyclization tandem reaction is presented, terminating the oxyallyl cation by an ene‐type reaction, and leading stereoselectively to bicyclic spiro compounds. The terminal olefin of this motif represents a useful handle for further functionalization, making it a strategic intermediate in total syntheses. The tandem Nazarov/ene cyclization was shown to be preferred over a Nazarov/[3+2] tandem reaction for all our substrates, independent of chain length. Deuteration studies further support the mechanistic hypothesis of the terminating ene reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Etling
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Giada Tedesco
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Kalesse
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167, Hannover, Germany.,Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167, Hannover, Germany.,Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
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16
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Terada N, Uematsu K, Higuchi R, Tokimaru Y, Sato Y, Nakano K, Nozaki K. Synthesis and Properties of Spiro-double Sila[7]helicene: The LUMO Spiro-conjugation. Chemistry 2021; 27:9342-9349. [PMID: 33834562 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A double helicene with a spiro-Si linker (4) was synthesized by four successive nucleophilic substitutions on SiCl4 . Its (P,P), (M,M) and (P,M) isomers were isolated and characterized by single crystal X-ray analysis. Due to the central spirosilabi[fluorene] moiety, the two helicene units in 4 are symmetrically and nearly perpendicularly arranged. (P,P)-4 and (M,M)-4 exhibit unique optical properties attributable to the LUMO spiro-conjugation between the two sila[7]helicene units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Terada
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Keisuke Uematsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Ryota Higuchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yuki Tokimaru
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yosuke Sato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Koji Nakano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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17
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Tang SS, Yang GX, Zhu JJ, He X, Jian JX, Lu F, Tong QX. Multifunctional Materials Serving as Efficient Non-Doped Violet-Blue Emitters and Host Materials for Phosphorescence. Chemistry 2021; 27:9102-9111. [PMID: 33871880 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Efficient multifunctional materials acting as violet-blue emitters, as well as host materials for phosphorescent OLEDs, are crucial but rare due to demand that they should have high first singlet state (S1 ) energy and first triplet state (T1 ) energy simultaneously. In this study, two new violet-blue bipolar fluorophores, TPA-PI-SBF and SBF-PI-SBF, were designed and synthesized by introducing the hole transporting moiety triphenylamine (TPA) and spirobifluorene (SBF) unit that has high T1 into high deep blue emission quantum yield group phenanthroimidazole (PI). As the results, the non-doped OLEDs based on TPA-PI-SBF exhibited excellent EL performance with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax ) of 6.76 % and a violet-blue emission with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) of (0.152, 0.059). The device based on SBF-PI-SBF displayed EQEmax of 6.19 % with CIE of (0.159, 0.049), which nearly matches the CIE coordinates of the violet-blue emitters standard of (0.131, 0.046). These EL performances are comparable to the best reported non-doped deep or violet-blue emissive OLEDs with CIEy<0.06 in recent years. Additionally, the green, yellow and red phosphorescent OLEDs with TPA-PI-SBF and SBF-PI-SBF as host materials achieved a high EQEmax of about 20 % and low efficiency roll-off at the ultra-high luminance of 10 000 cd m-2 . These results provided a new construction strategy for designing high-performance violet-blue emitters, as well as efficient host materials for phosphorescent OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shun Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Guangdong, 515063, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Xi Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Guangdong, 515063, P.R. China
| | - Jie-Ji Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Guangdong, 515063, P.R. China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Guangdong, 515063, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Xin Jian
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Guangdong, 515063, P.R. China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Guangdong, 515063, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Xiao Tong
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Guangdong, 515063, P.R. China
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18
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Abstract
Photoacids attract increasing scientific attention, as they are valuable tools to spatiotemporally control proton‐release reactions and pH values of solutions. We present the first time‐resolved spectroscopic study of the excited state and proton‐release dynamics of prominent merocyanine representatives. Femtosecond transient absorption measurements of a pyridine merocyanine with two distinct protonation sites revealed dissimilar proton‐release mechanisms: one site acts as a photoacid generator as its pKa value is modulated in the ground state after photoisomerization, while the other functions as an excited state photoacid which releases its proton within 1.1 ps. With a pKa drop of 8.7 units to −5.5 upon excitation, the latter phenolic site is regarded a super‐photoacid. The 6‐nitro derivative exhibits only a phenolic site with similar, yet slightly less photoacidic characteristics and both compounds transfer their proton to methanol and ethanol. In contrast, for the related 6,8‐dinitro compound an intramolecular proton transfer to the ortho‐nitro group is suggested that is involved in a rapid relaxation into the ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kaiser
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Halbritter
- Current address: Department of Chemistry, Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhaga 3, Reykjavik, postcode is missing, Iceland.,Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Alexander Heckel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Josef Wachtveitl
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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19
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Matsumura K, Nishikawa K, Yoshida H, Niwa T, Fushii Y, Doe M, Morimoto Y. One-Step Synthesis of the 1-Azaspiro[5.5]undecane Skeleton Characteristic of Histrionicotoxin Alkaloids from Linear Substrates via Hg(OTf) 2 -Catalyzed Cycloisomerization. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1882-1886. [PMID: 33973732 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Histrionicotoxin (HTX) alkaloids isolated from the poison arrow frogs possess a unique structure characterized by a 1-azaspiro[5.5]undecane skeleton common to the HTX family. The unique molecular architecture of HTXs and the interest as potential target drugs have prompted synthetic chemists to promote the total synthesis so far. However, all of the synthetic strategies to access the 1-azaspiro[5.5]undecane framework of HTXs take a multistep approach from linear starting materials due to stepwise construction of either six-membered carbo- or azacycle. Herein, we report the direct one-step construction of the 1-azaspiro[5.5]undecane skeleton from linear amino ynone substrates bearing an N-methoxycarbonyl group utilizing our mercuric triflate (Hg(OTf)2 )-catalyzed cycloisomerization reaction. The utility of this novel methodology was demonstrated by the total and formal syntheses of HTX-235A and HTX-283A, respectively, from the azaspirocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiro Matsumura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Toshiki Niwa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Fushii
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Matsumi Doe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
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20
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Palomba M, Franco Coelho Dias I, Rosati O, Marini F. Modern Synthetic Strategies with Organoselenium Reagents: A Focus on Vinyl Selenones. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113148. [PMID: 34070372 PMCID: PMC8197542 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, vinyl selenones were rediscovered as useful building blocks for new synthetic transformations. This review will highlight these advances in the field of multiple-bond-forming reactions, one-pot synthesis of carbo- and heterocycles, enantioselective construction of densely functionalized molecules, and total synthesis of natural products.
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21
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Xia G, Qu C, Zhu Y, Ye J, Ye K, Zhang Z, Wang Y. A TADF Emitter Featuring Linearly Arranged Spiro-Donor and Spiro-Acceptor Groups: Efficient Nondoped and Doped Deep-Blue OLEDs with CIE y <0.1. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9598-9603. [PMID: 33512756 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Reported herein is a molecular design strategy of deep-blue emitters for resolving the lack of highly efficient deep-blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) featuring CIEy (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage) color coordinates matching the display requirements (<0.1). The strategy is to combine weak spiro-donor and spiro-acceptor groups into a linear donor-π-acceptor type of thermally-activated delayed fluorescence molecule through a sterically bulky π-spacer. The strategy endows an emitter with deep-blue emission, a narrower emission bandwidth (51 nm in toluene), a high photoluminescence quantum yield (0.95 in toluene), weak concentration quenching, and efficient triplet-exciton utilization, which are all attractive characteristics for emitters of deep-blue OLEDs with lower CIEy coordinates. Owing to the rational design, the emitter has realized not only highly efficient doped deep-blue OLEDs with external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) up to 25.4 % and CIEy less than 0.1 but also so far the most efficient nondoped deep-blue OLED (EQE up to 22.5 %) with CIEy less than 0.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqi Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jianjiang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Kaiqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zuolun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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22
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Novotortsev VK, Kukushkin ME, Tafeenko VA, Skvortsov DA, Kalinina MA, Timoshenko RV, Chmelyuk NS, Vasilyeva LA, Tarasevich BN, Gorelkin PV, Erofeev AS, Majouga AG, Zyk NV, Beloglazkina EK. Dispirooxindoles Based on 2-Selenoxo-Imidazolidin-4-Ones: Synthesis, Cytotoxicity and ROS Generation Ability. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2613. [PMID: 33807662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A regio- and diastereoselective synthesis of two types of dispiro derivatives of 2-selenoxoimidazolidin-4-ones, differing in the position of the nitrogen atom in the central pyrrolidine ring of the spiro-fused system-namely, 2-selenoxodispiro[imidazolidine-4,3'-pyrrolidine-2',3″-indoline]-2″,5-diones (5a-h) and 2-senenoxodispiro[imidazolidine-4,3'-pyrrolidine-4',3″-indoline]-2″,5-diones (6a-m)-were developed based on a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides generated from isatin and sarcosine or formaldehyde and sarcosine to 5-arylidene or 5-indolidene-2-selenoxo-tetrahydro-4H-imidazole-4-ones. Selenium-containing dispiro indolinones generally exhibit cytotoxic activity near to the activity of the corresponding oxygen and sulfur-containing derivatives. Compounds 5b, 5c, and 5e demonstrated considerable in vitro cytotoxicity in the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test (concentration of compounds that caused 50% death of cells (CC50) 7.6-8.7 μM) against the A549 cancer cell line with the VA13/A549 selectivity index 5.2-6.9; some compounds (5 and 6) increased the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the experiment on A549 and PC3 cells using platinized carbon nanoelectrode. The tests for p53 activation for compounds 5 and 6 on the transcriptional reporter suggest that the investigated compounds can only have an indirect p53-dependent mechanism of action. For the compounds 5b, 6b, and 6l, the ROS generation may be one of the significant mechanisms of their cytotoxic action.
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23
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Chen Y, Ding Z, Wang Y, Liu W, Kong W. Synthesis of Indanones and Spiroindanones by Diastereoselective Annulation Based on a Hydrogen Autotransfer Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5273-5278. [PMID: 33205565 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented nickel-catalyzed domino reductive cyclization of alkynes and o-bromoaryl aldehydes is described. The reaction features broad substrate scope and is tolerant of a variety of functional groups, providing straightforward access to biologically significant indanones and spiroindanone pyrrolidine derivatives in good yields with excellent regio- and diastereoselectivity. Preliminary mechanistic studies have shown that indanones are formed by the cyclization of o-bromoaryl aldehydes and alkynes to form indenol intermediates, followed by hydrogen autotransfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yate Chen
- The Center for Precision Synthesis (CPS), Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhengtian Ding
- The Center for Precision Synthesis (CPS), Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Wang
- The Center for Precision Synthesis (CPS), Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Wenfeng Liu
- The Center for Precision Synthesis (CPS), Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Wangqing Kong
- The Center for Precision Synthesis (CPS), Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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24
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Yayik N, Pérez M, Molins E, Bosch J, Amat M. Studies on the Enantioselective Synthesis of E-Ethylidene-bearing Spiro[indolizidine-1,3'-oxindole] Alkaloids. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020428. [PMID: 33467493 PMCID: PMC7829768 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A synthetic route for the enantioselective construction of the tetracyclic spiro[indolizidine-1,3′-oxindole] framework present in a large number of oxindole alkaloids, with a cis H-3/H-15 stereochemistry, a functionalized two-carbon substituent at C-15, and an E-ethylidene substituent at C-20, is reported. The key steps of the synthesis are the generation of the tetracyclic spirooxindole ring system by stereoselective spirocyclization from a tryptophanol-derived oxazolopiperidone lactam, the removal of the hydroxymethyl group, and the stereoselective introduction of the E-ethylidene substituent by acetylation at the α-position of the lactam carbonyl, followed by hydride reduction and elimination. Following this route, the 21-oxo derivative of the enantiomer of the alkaloid 7(S)-geissoschizol oxindole has been prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihan Yayik
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (N.Y.); (J.B.)
| | - Maria Pérez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain;
| | - Elies Molins
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola, Spain;
| | - Joan Bosch
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (N.Y.); (J.B.)
| | - Mercedes Amat
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (N.Y.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-402-4540
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25
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Kubo M, Noguchi K, Nakano K. Chiral Benzo[b]silole-Fused 9,9'-Spirobi[fluorene]: Synthesis, Chiroptical Properties, and Transformation to π-Extended Polycyclic Arene. Chempluschem 2021; 86:171-175. [PMID: 33415848 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chiral spiro π-conjugated compounds have emerged as a new class of circularly polarized luminescent organic materials. Here we report the synthesis and (chir)optical properties of a chiral benzo[b]silole-fused 9,9'-spirobi[fluorene] (SBF) and π-extended spiro polycyclic arene. The benzo[b]silole-fused SBF was successfully synthesized by a rhodium-catalyzed intramolecular silylative cyclization. It was further transformed to the chiral π-extended spiro polycyclic arene by an annulative π-extension reaction. Less effective spiroconjugation was observed for these spiro compounds through UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. They exhibit circularly polarized luminescence with the dissymmetry factors of up to 0.76×10-3 . Theoretical calculations demonstrate that emission of the benzo[b]silole-fused SBF occurs from one subunit, the structure of which is slightly different from that in the Frank-Condon state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Keiichi Noguchi
- Instrumentation Analysis Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Koji Nakano
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
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Hassan AA, Bräse S, Aly AA, Tawfeek HN. Chemistry of Substituted Thiazinanes and Their Derivatives. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235610. [PMID: 33260625 PMCID: PMC7730229 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiazinanes and its isomeric forms represent one of the most important heterocyclic compounds, and their derivatives represented a highly potent drug in disease treatment such as, 1,1-dioxido-1,2-thiazinan-1,6-naphthyridine, which has been shown to have anti-HIV activity by a mechanism that should work as anti-AIDS treatment, while (Z)-methyl 3-(naphthalen-1-ylimino)- 2-thia-4-azaspiro[5 5]undecane-4-carbodithioate showed analgesic activity, cephradine was used as antibiotic and chlormezanone was utilized as anticoagulants. All publications were interested in the chemistry of thiazine (partially or fully unsaturated heterocyclic six-membered ring containing nitrogen and sulfur), but no one was dealing with thiazinane itself which encouraged us to shed new light on these interesting heterocycles. This review was focused on the synthetic approaches of thiazinane derivatives and their chemical reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A. Hassan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt; (A.A.A.); (H.N.T.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.H.); (S.B.); Tel.: +20-862363011 (A.A.H.)
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.A.H.); (S.B.); Tel.: +20-862363011 (A.A.H.)
| | - Ashraf A. Aly
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt; (A.A.A.); (H.N.T.)
| | - Hendawy N. Tawfeek
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt; (A.A.A.); (H.N.T.)
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Ramirez y Medina IM, Rohdenburg M, Kipke W, Lork E, Staubitz A. Experimental and Theoretical Studies of a Spirostannole and Formation of a Pentaorganostannate. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214993. [PMID: 33126599 PMCID: PMC7672547 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new spirostannole, 1,1',3,3'-tetrakis(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)-4,4',5,5',6,6',7,7'-octahydro-2,2'-spirobi[benzo[c]stannole] (4), is synthesised and the molecular structure is compared with the optimised geometry from DFT calculations. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) are twice degenerated and show a small HOMO-LUMO energy gap of 3.2 eV. In addition, cyclic voltammetry measurements are conducted and three redox processes are observed. Absorption and emission spectra show maxima at λabs,max 436 nm and λem,max 533 nm, respectively. Spirostannole 4 is a strongly absorbing material, but an extremely weak emitter in solution at 295.15 K. However, when the solution is cooled from 280 to 80 K, the emission becomes visible. The reaction of spirostannole 4 with methyllithium is monitored by NMR spectroscopy at 238.15 K. The 119Sn{1H} NMR signal shifts from -36.0 (4) to -211.0 ppm, which is indicative of the formation of the lithium pentaorganostannate 5. The complex is thermally instable at 295.15 K, but insights into the molecular structure and electronic behaviour are obtained by DFT and TD-DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel-Maria Ramirez y Medina
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Bibliothek Str. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (I.-M.R.y.M.); (M.R.); (W.K.); (E.L.)
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Markus Rohdenburg
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Bibliothek Str. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (I.-M.R.y.M.); (M.R.); (W.K.); (E.L.)
- Institute for Applied and Physical Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 5, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Waldemar Kipke
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Bibliothek Str. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (I.-M.R.y.M.); (M.R.); (W.K.); (E.L.)
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Enno Lork
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Bibliothek Str. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (I.-M.R.y.M.); (M.R.); (W.K.); (E.L.)
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Anne Staubitz
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Bibliothek Str. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (I.-M.R.y.M.); (M.R.); (W.K.); (E.L.)
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Ryder ASH, Cunningham WB, Ballantyne G, Mules T, Kinsella AG, Turner‐Dore J, Alder CM, Edwards LJ, McKay BSJ, Grayson MN, Cresswell AJ. Photocatalytic α-Tertiary Amine Synthesis via C-H Alkylation of Unmasked Primary Amines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14986-14991. [PMID: 32391968 PMCID: PMC7496683 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A practical, catalytic entry to α,α,α-trisubstituted (α-tertiary) primary amines by C-H functionalisation has long been recognised as a critical gap in the synthetic toolbox. We report a simple and scalable solution to this problem that does not require any in situ protection of the amino group and proceeds with 100 % atom-economy. Our strategy, which uses an organic photocatalyst in combination with azide ion as a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalyst, provides a direct synthesis of α-tertiary amines, or their corresponding γ-lactams. We anticipate that this methodology will inspire new retrosynthetic disconnections for substituted amine derivatives in organic synthesis, and particularly for challenging α-tertiary primary amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison S. H. Ryder
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical TechnologiesUniversity of Bath1 South, Claverton DownBathBA2 7AYUK
| | | | - George Ballantyne
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Bath1 South, Claverton DownBathBA2 7AYUK
| | - Tom Mules
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Bath1 South, Claverton DownBathBA2 7AYUK
| | - Anna G. Kinsella
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Bath1 South, Claverton DownBathBA2 7AYUK
| | - Jacob Turner‐Dore
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Bath1 South, Claverton DownBathBA2 7AYUK
| | - Catherine M. Alder
- Medicines DesignGSK Medicines Research CentreGunnels Wood RdStevenageSG1 2NYUK
| | - Lee J. Edwards
- Medicines DesignGSK Medicines Research CentreGunnels Wood RdStevenageSG1 2NYUK
| | | | - Matthew N. Grayson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Bath1 South, Claverton DownBathBA2 7AYUK
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29
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Asari AH, Floreancig PE. Dictating Thermodynamic Control through Tethering: Applications to Stereoselective Bis-Spiroketal Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6622-6626. [PMID: 31991022 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Approaches to stereocontrol that invoke thermodynamic control fail when two or more potential products are energetically similar, but rational structural perturbations can be employed to break the energetic degeneracy and provide selective transformations. This manuscript illustrates that tethering is an effective approach for the stereoselective construction of bis-spiroketals with thermodynamically similar stereoisomers, providing a new approach to set remote stereocenters and prepare complex structures that have not previously been accessed stereoselectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin H Asari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Paul E Floreancig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
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30
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Engen K, Vanga SR, Lundbäck T, Agalo F, Konda V, Jensen AJ, Åqvist J, Gutiérrez-de-Terán H, Hallberg M, Larhed M, Rosenström U. Synthesis, Evaluation and Proposed Binding Pose of Substituted Spiro-Oxindole Dihydroquinazolinones as IRAP Inhibitors. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:325-337. [PMID: 32154052 PMCID: PMC7050655 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) is a new potential macromolecular target for drugs aimed for treatment of cognitive disorders. Inhibition of IRAP by angiotensin IV (Ang IV) improves the memory and learning in rats. The majority of the known IRAP inhibitors are peptidic in character and suffer from poor pharmacokinetic properties. Herein, we present a series of small non-peptide IRAP inhibitors derived from a spiro-oxindole dihydroquinazolinone screening hit (pIC50 5.8). The compounds were synthesized either by a simple microwave (MW)-promoted three-component reaction, or by a two-step one-pot procedure. For decoration of the oxindole ring system, rapid MW-assisted Suzuki-Miyaura cross-couplings (1 min) were performed. A small improvement of potency (pIC50 6.6 for the most potent compound) and an increased solubility could be achieved. As deduced from computational modelling and MD simulations it is proposed that the S-configuration of the spiro-oxindole dihydroquinazolinones accounts for the inhibition of IRAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Engen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Uppsala University SE-751 23 Uppsala SWEDEN
| | - Sudarsana Reddy Vanga
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Uppsala University SE-751 23 Uppsala SWEDEN
| | - Thomas Lundbäck
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institutet SE-171 65 Solna SWEDEN
- Mechanistic Biology & Profiling, Discovery Sciences, R&D AstraZeneca SE-431 83 Göteborg SWEDEN
| | - Faith Agalo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Uppsala University SE-751 23 Uppsala SWEDEN
| | - Vivek Konda
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Uppsala University SE-751 23 Uppsala SWEDEN
| | - Annika Jenmalm Jensen
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institutet SE-171 65 Solna SWEDEN
| | - Johan Åqvist
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Uppsala University SE-751 23 Uppsala SWEDEN
| | - Hugo Gutiérrez-de-Terán
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Uppsala University SE-751 23 Uppsala SWEDEN
| | - Mathias Hallberg
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences Uppsala University SE-751 23 Uppsala SWEDEN
| | - Mats Larhed
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry Uppsala University SE-751 23 Uppsala SWEDEN
| | - Ulrika Rosenström
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Uppsala University SE-751 23 Uppsala SWEDEN
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31
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Abstract
Cobalt pyridine-diimine (PDI) complexes catalyze the reductive spirocyclopropanation of terminal 1,3-dienes. gem-Dichlorocycloalkanes serve as carbene precursors and Zn is used as a terminal electron source. The reaction is effective for a range of gem-dichloro partners including those containing sulfur and nitrogen heterocycles. An example of an intramolecular Rh-catalyzed [5 + 2]-cycloaddition of a vinyl spirocyclopropane is demonstrated, providing rapid access to a complex tricyclic framework. Overall, this catalyst system is capable of suppressing the kinetically facile 1,2-hydride shift, which has hampered the development of Simmons-Smith reactions using Zn carbenoids possessing β-hydrogen atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Werth
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kristen Berger
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Christopher Uyeda
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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32
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Abstract
The synthesis of five spiro-linked azaacene dimers is reported and their properties are compared to that of their monomers. Dimerization quenches emission of the longer (≥(hetero)tetracenes) derivatives and furnishes amorphous thin-films, the absorption is not affected. The larger derivatives were tested as acceptors in bulk-heterojunction photovoltaic devices with a maximum power conversion efficiency of up to 1.6 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Ahrens
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Julian Butscher
- Centre for Advanced Materials (CAM) and Kirchhoff Institute for PhysicsIm Neuenheimer Feld 225 & 22769120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Victor Brosius
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Centre for Advanced Materials (CAM) and Kirchhoff Institute for PhysicsIm Neuenheimer Feld 225 & 22769120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
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33
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Verhoeven J, De Vleeschouwer F, Kong H, Van Hecke K, Pande V, Sun W, Vos A, Wu T, Meerpoel L, Thuring JW, Verniest G. Preparation of 4'-Spirocyclobutyl Nucleoside Analogues as Novel and Versatile Adenosine Scaffolds. Chemistry 2019; 25:15419-15423. [PMID: 31609050 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Despite the large variety of modified nucleosides that have been reported, the preparation of constrained 4'-spirocyclic adenosine analogues has received very little attention. We discovered that the [2+2]-cycloaddition of dichloroketene on readily available 4'-exo-methylene furanose sugars efficiently results in the diastereoselective formation of novel 4'-spirocyclobutanones. The reaction mechanism was investigated via density functional theory (DFT) and found to proceed either via a non-synchronous or stepwise reaction sequence, controlled by the stereochemistry at the 3'-position of the sugar substrate. The obtained dichlorocyclobutanones were converted into nucleoside analogues, providing access to a novel class of chiral 4'-spirocyclobutyl adenosine mimetics in eight steps from commercially available sugars. Assessment of the biological activity of designed 4'-spirocyclic adenosine analogues identified potent inhibitors for protein methyltransferase target PRMT5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Verhoeven
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry (ORGC), Department of Chemistry and Department of Bio-engineering Sciences, Faculty of Science and Bio-engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Freija De Vleeschouwer
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry (ORGC), Department of Chemistry and Department of Bio-engineering Sciences, Faculty of Science and Bio-engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Research Group of General Chemistry (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hanchu Kong
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry, Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing, 100176, P. R. China
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vineet Pande
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Weimei Sun
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ann Vos
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Tongfei Wu
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Lieven Meerpoel
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Guido Verniest
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry (ORGC), Department of Chemistry and Department of Bio-engineering Sciences, Faculty of Science and Bio-engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
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Foize Ahmad G, Syed Mohammed Mujaheer A, NizamMohideen M, Gulam Mohamed M, Viswanathan V. The crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 6-(naphthalen-1-yl)-6a-nitro-6,6a,6b,7,9,11a-hexa-hydro-spiro-[chromeno[3',4':3,4]pyrrolo-[1,2- c]thia-zole-11,11'-indeno-[1,2- b]quinoxaline] and 6'-(naphthalen-1-yl)-6a'-nitro-6',6a',6b',7',8',9',10',12a'-octa-hydro-2 H-spiro-[ace-naphthyl-ene-1,12'-chromeno[3,4- a]indolizin]-2-one. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2019; 75:1519-1524. [PMID: 31636986 PMCID: PMC6775748 DOI: 10.1107/s205698901901291x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structures of the title spiro derivatives are described and the analysis of the intermolecular contacts in the crystals using Hirshfeld surface analysis and two-dimensional fingerprint plots is reported. The title compounds, 6-(naphthalen-1-yl)-6a-nitro-6,6a,6 b,7,9,11a-hexahydrospiro[chromeno[3′,4′:3,4]pyrrolo[1,2-c]thiazole-11,11′-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline], C37H26N4O3S, (I), and 6′-(naphthalen-1-yl)-6a′-nitro-6′,6a′,6b′,7′,8′,9′,10′,12a′-octahydro-2H-spiro[acenaphthylene-1,12′-chromeno[3,4-a]indolizin]-2-one, C36H28N2O4, (II), are new spiro derivatives, in which both the pyrrolidine rings adopt twisted conformations. In (I), the five-membered thiazole ring adopts an envelope conformation, while the eight-membered pyrrolidine-thiazole ring adopts a boat conformation. An intramolecular C—H⋯N hydrogen bond occurs, involving a C atom of the pyran ring and an N atom of the pyrazine ring. In (II), the six-membered piperidine ring adopts a chair conformation. An intramolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond occurs, involving a C atom of the pyrrolidine ring and the keto O atom. For both compounds, the crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. In (I), the C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link adjacent molecules, forming R22(16) loops propagating along the b-axis direction, while in (II) they form zigzag chains along the b-axis direction. In both compounds, C—H⋯π interactions help to consolidate the structure, but no significant π–π interactions with centroid–centroid distances of less than 4 Å are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Foize Ahmad
- PG & Research Department of Physics, The New College (Autonomous), University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Syed Mohammed Mujaheer
- PG & Research Department of Physics, The New College (Autonomous), University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M NizamMohideen
- PG & Research Department of Physics, The New College (Autonomous), University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Gulam Mohamed
- PG & Research Department of Physics, The New College (Autonomous), University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Viswanathan
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi 110029, India
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35
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Zhou L, Yu SY, Tang Y, Wang L. Facile Stereoselective Approach to Diverse Spiroheterocyclic Tetrahydropyrans: Concise Synthesis of (+)-Broussonetine G and H. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15016-15020. [PMID: 31390139 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A highly diastereoselective copper-catalyzed multicomponent cyclization of exocyclic enol ethers/enamines with methylene malonate and aldehydes has been developed to furnish spiroheterocyclic tetrahydropyrans in high yields with greater than 95:5 d.r. This method is practical, in that 36 examples, including a range of aldehydes and exo-vinyl heterocycles, are presented. By applying the newly developed method, the total synthesis of (+)-broussonetine G and formal synthesis of (+)-broussonetine H were achieved in a concise way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shu-Yang Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yong Tang
- The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lijia Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200241, China
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36
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Behnke NE, Lovato K, Yousufuddin M, Kürti L. Titanium-Mediated Synthesis of Spirocyclic NH-Azetidines from Oxime Ethers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14219-14223. [PMID: 31381840 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The TiIV -mediated synthesis of spirocyclic NH-azetidines from oxime ethers using either an alkyl Grignard reagent or terminal olefin ligand exchange coupling partner is described. Through a proposed Kulinkovich-type mechanism, a titanacyclopropane intermediate forms and serves as a 1,2-aliphatic dianion equivalent, inserting into the 1,2-dielectrophilc oxime ether to ultimately give rise to the desired N-heterocyclic four-membered ring. This transformation proceeds in moderate yield to furnish previously unreported and structurally diverse NH-azetidines in a single step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Erin Behnke
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Lovato
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Muhammed Yousufuddin
- Life and Health Sciences Department, The University of North Texas at Dallas, 7400 University Hills Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75241, USA
| | - László Kürti
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Hofstetter R, Elvers BJ, Potlitz F, Link A, Schulzke C. Crystal structure of 7,8,15,16,17-penta-thiadi-spiro-[5.2.5 9.3 6]hepta-deca-ne. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2019; 75:888-891. [PMID: 31391988 PMCID: PMC6658967 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989019007138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C12H20S5, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with four mol-ecules in the unit cell. In the crystal, the asymmetric unit comprises the entire mol-ecule with the three cyclic moieties arranged in a line. The mol-ecules in the unit cell pack in a parallel fashion, with their longitudinal axes arranged along a uniform direction. The packing is stabilized by the one-dimensional propagation of non-classical hydrogen-bonding contacts between the central sulfur atom of the S3 fragment and the C-H of a cyclo-hexyl group from a glide-related mol-ecule [C⋯S = 3.787 (2) Å].
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hofstetter
- Institut für Pharmazie, Universität Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Strasse 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Benedict J. Elvers
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 4, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Felix Potlitz
- Institut für Pharmazie, Universität Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Strasse 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas Link
- Institut für Pharmazie, Universität Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Strasse 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Carola Schulzke
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 4, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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38
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Syed Abuthahir S, NizamMohideen M, Viswanathan V, Velmurugan D, Nagasivarao J. Crystal structure of 6-(4-chloro-phen-yl)-6a-nitro-6a,6b,8,9,10,12a-hexa-hydro-6 H,7 H-spiro[chromeno[3,4- a]indolizine-12,11'-indeno-[1,2- b]quinoxaline]. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2019; 75:255-259. [PMID: 30800462 PMCID: PMC6362633 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989019000975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C35H27ClN4O3, crystallized with two independent mol-ecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit. In both mol-ecules, the pyran and pyridine rings adopt envelope and chair conformations, respectively. The conformation of the pyrrolidine and cyclo-pentene rings differ in the two mol-ecules; twisted and flat, respectively, in mol-ecule A, but envelope and twisted, respectively, in mol-ecule B. In both mol-ecules, there is a C-H⋯N intra-molecular hydrogen bond present. In both mol-ecules, the oxygen atoms of the nitro groups are disordered as is the chlorine atom in mol-ecule B. In the crystal, the B mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming -B-B-B- chains along [010], and by C-H⋯π inter-actions. The A and B mol-ecules are also linked by a number of C-H⋯π inter-actions, resulting in the formation a supra-molecular three-dimensional structure. In mol-ecule A, the nitro group oxygen atoms are disordered over two positions with refined occupancy ratios of the nitro group oxygen atoms O3A and O4A in 0.59 (2):0.41 (2) while in molecule B one of the nitro O atoms is disordered over two positions with a refined occupancy ratio of 0.686 (13):0.314 (13) and the chlorine atoms is disordered over two positions with a refined occupancy ratio of 0.72 (3):0.28 (3).
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Syed Abuthahir
- PG & Research Department of Physics, The New College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M. NizamMohideen
- PG & Research Department of Physics, The New College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V. Viswanathan
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi 110 029, India
| | - D. Velmurugan
- CAS in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai 600 025, India
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39
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Syed Abuthahir S, NizamMohideen M, Viswanathan V, Velmurugan D, Nagasivarao J. The crystal structures of 6'-(4-chloro-phen-yl)- and 6'-(4-meth-oxy-phen-yl)-6a'-nitro-6a',6b',7',9',10',12a'-hexa-hydro-2 H,6' H,8' H-spiro-[ace-naphthyl-ene-1,12'-chromeno[3,4- a]indolizin]-2-one. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2019; 75:218-222. [PMID: 30800454 PMCID: PMC6362674 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989019000422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The conformations of the title compounds, (I) and (II), are very similar. The pyran rings adopt envelope conformations, the piperidine rings have chair conformations and the pyrrolidine rings adopt twist conformations. Intra- and intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds occur. Compound (II) crystallizes with two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit which are linked by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. In the title compounds, C32H25ClN2O4 (I) and C33H28N2O5 (II), the six-membered pyran and piperidine rings adopt envelope and chair conformations, respectively. The five-membered pyrrolidine rings adopt twist conformations. Compound (II) crystallizes with two independent molecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit. In all three molecules there is a C—H⋯O intramolecular hydrogen bond present enclosing an S(7) ring motif. In (I), both oxygen atoms of the nitro group are disordered, while in (II) the methoxybenzene group is disordered in molecule B. The geometries were regularized by soft restraints. In the crystal of (I), molecules are linked by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains along [010]. The chains are linked by C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, forming layers parallel to (10). Within the layer there are C—H⋯π interactions present. In the crystal of (II), the A and B molecules are linked via C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a square four-membered A–B–A–B unit. These units are linked by a number of C—H⋯π interactions, forming a three-dimensional supramolecular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Syed Abuthahir
- PG & Research Department of Physics, The New College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M NizamMohideen
- PG & Research Department of Physics, The New College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Viswanathan
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of medical Science, New Delhi 110 029, India
| | - D Velmurugan
- CAS in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai 600 025, India
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40
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Tan B, Bai L, Ding P, Liu J, Wang Y, Luan X. Palladium-Catalyzed Intermolecular [4+1] Spiroannulation by C(sp 3 )-H Activation and Naphthol Dearomatization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:1474-1478. [PMID: 30537202 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel palladium-catalyzed [4+1] spiroannulation was developed by using a C(sp3 )-H activation/naphthol dearomatization approach. This bimolecular domino reaction of two aryl halides was realized through a sequence of cyclometallation-facilitated C(sp3 )-H activation, biaryl cross-coupling, and naphthol dearomatization, thus rendering the rapid assembly of a new class of spirocyclic molecules in good yields with broad functional-group tolerance. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate that C-H cleavage is likely involved in the rate-determining step, and a five-membered palladacycle was identified as the key intermediate for the intermolecular coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional, Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Lu Bai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional, Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Pin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional, Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional, Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Yaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional, Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Xinjun Luan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional, Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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41
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Gollner A, Weinstabl H, Fuchs JE, Rudolph D, Garavel G, Hofbauer KS, Karolyi-Oezguer J, Gmaschitz G, Hela W, Kerres N, Grondal E, Werni P, Ramharter J, Broeker J, McConnell DB. Targeted Synthesis of Complex Spiro[3H-indole-3,2'-pyrrolidin]-2(1H)-ones by Intramolecular Cyclization of Azomethine Ylides: Highly Potent MDM2-p53 Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2018; 14:88-93. [PMID: 30458062 PMCID: PMC6590160 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) is a main and direct inhibitor of the crucial tumor suppressor p53. Reports from initial clinical trials showed that blocking this interaction with a small‐molecule inhibitor can have great value in the treatment of cancer for patients with p53 wild‐type tumors; however, it also revealed dose‐limiting hematological toxicities and drug‐induced resistance as main issues. To overcome the former, an inhibitor with superior potency and pharmacokinetic properties to ultimately achieve full efficacy with less‐frequent dosing schedules is required. Toward this aim, we optimized our recently reported spiro‐oxindole inhibitors by focusing on the crucial interaction with the amino acid side chain of His96MDM2. The designed molecules required the targeted synthesis of structurally complex spiro[indole‐3,2′‐pyrrolo[2,3‐c]pyrrole]‐2,4′‐diones for which we developed an unprecedented intramolecular azomethine ylide cycloaddition and investigated the results by computational methods. One of the new compounds showed superior cellular potency over previously reported BI‐0252. This finding is a significant step toward an inhibitor suitable to potentially mitigate hematological on‐target adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Gollner
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11A, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Weinstabl
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11A, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian E Fuchs
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11A, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dorothea Rudolph
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11A, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Geraldine Garavel
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11A, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin S Hofbauer
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11A, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jale Karolyi-Oezguer
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11A, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Gmaschitz
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11A, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Hela
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11A, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Kerres
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11A, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Grondal
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11A, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Werni
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11A, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Juergen Ramharter
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11A, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joachim Broeker
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11A, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Darryl B McConnell
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11A, 1121, Vienna, Austria
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42
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Sil MC, Sudhakar V, Singh AK, Kavungathodi MFM, Nithyanandhan J. Homo- and Heterodimeric Dyes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Panchromatic Light Absorption and Modulated Open Circuit Potential. Chempluschem 2018; 83:998-1007. [PMID: 31950728 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The design of dyes for panchromatic light absorption has attracted much attention in the field of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). An approach to enhance panchromatic light absorption utilizes mixtures of complementary light-absorbing dyes as well as dyes with specific anchoring groups that facilitate interfacial charge transfer with TiO2 . Dipole-dipole interactions between the dye molecules on the surface broaden the spectrum, which results in decreased DSSC device performance. However, controlled aggregation of dyes results in broadening the spectral profile along with enhanced photocurrent generation. To control the dye-dye interaction, dimeric dyes with different dipole lengths D1 -Dsq , Dsq -Dsq were systematically designed and synthesized. The photophysical and electrochemical properties were evaluated and the EHOMO and ELUMO levels were determined; these energy levels determines the electron injection from ELUMO of the dye to ECB of TiO2 and regeneration of oxidized dye by the electrolyte, respectively. The absorption spectra of Dsq -Dsq , D1 -Dsq were broadened in solution compared to model dye Dsq ; this indicates that the dye-dye interaction is prominent in solution. In D1 -Dsq excitation energy transfer between photoexcited D1 and Dsq was explained by using Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). The homodimeric dye showed a device performace of 2.8 % (Voc 0.607, Jsc 6.62 mA/cm2 , ff 69.3 %),whereas the heterodimeric dye D1 -Dsq showed a device performance of 3.9 % (Voc 0.652 V, Jsc 8.89 mA/cm2 , ff 68.8 %). The increased photocurrent for D1 -Dsq is due to the panchromatic IPCE response compared to Dsq -Dsq . The increased Voc is due to the effective passivation of the TiO2 surface by the spirolinker, and the effective dipole moment that shifts the conduction band on TiO2 . Hence, the open circuit potential, Voc , for the devices prepared from Dsq , D1 -Dsq and Dsq -Dsq were systematically modulated by controlling the intermolecular π-π and intramolecular dipole-dipole interactions of the dimeric dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manik Chandra Sil
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, CSIR Network of Institutes for Solar Energy, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Vediappan Sudhakar
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, CSIR Network of Institutes for Solar Energy, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Ambarish Kumar Singh
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, CSIR Network of Institutes for Solar Energy, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Munavvar Fairoos Mele Kavungathodi
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, CSIR Network of Institutes for Solar Energy, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Jayaraj Nithyanandhan
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, CSIR Network of Institutes for Solar Energy, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110025, India
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43
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Wang X, Zhang J, Yu S, Yu W, Fu P, Liu X, Tu D, Guo X, Li C. Lowering Molecular Symmetry To Improve the Morphological Properties of the Hole-Transport Layer for Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12529-12533. [PMID: 30076685 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by the structural feature of the classical hole-transport material (HTM), Spiro-OMeTAD, many analogues based on a highly symmetrical spiro-core were reported for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, these HTMs were prone to crystallize because of the high molecular symmetry, forming non-uniform films, unfavorable for the device stability and large-area processing. By lowering the symmetry of spiro-core, we report herein a novel spirobisindane-based HTM, Spiro-I, which could form amorphous films with high uniformity and morphological stability. Compared to the Spiro-OMeTAD-based PSCs, those containing Spiro-I exhibit similar efficiencies for small area but higher ones for large area (1 cm2 ), and especially much higher air stability (retaining 80 % of initial PCE after 2400 h storage without encapsulation). Moreover, the Spiro-I can be synthesized from a cheap starting material bisphenol A and used with a small amount for the device fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian, 116023, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuwen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Ping Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian, 116023, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dandan Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian, 116023, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
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44
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Wanner MJ, Steemers L, Uiterweerd MT, Klijn RS, Ehlers AW, van Maarseveen JH. Template-Directed Synthesis of an Inverted Spiro Architecture. Chemistry 2018; 24:13114-13117. [PMID: 29978923 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The regular bicyclic spiro motif is highly abundant given its synthetic accessibility while the diastereomer-virtually obtained through inversion at the central atom-is almost unknown. We have developed methodology to access the elusive inverted spiro architecture by employing a covalent template-directed approach. Comparison with the regular spiro bicycle analog unequivocally established the diastereomeric relationship, providing insight into the fascinating stereochemical and structural properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Wanner
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luuk Steemers
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel T Uiterweerd
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Raquel S Klijn
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas W Ehlers
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Jan H van Maarseveen
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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45
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Gui HZ, Gao YN, Wei Y, Shi M. Highly Efficient and Diastereoselective Construction of Trifluoromethyl-Containing Spiro[pyrrolidin-3,2'-oxindole] by a Catalyst-free Mutually Activated [3+2] Cycloaddition Reaction. Chemistry 2018; 24:10038-10043. [PMID: 29756337 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A catalyst-free self-catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of isatin-derived α-(trifluoromethyl)imines with vinylpyridines is reported. The reaction offers a straightforward and atom-economical procedure for the preparation of a series of 5'-trifluoromethyl-spiro[pyrrolidin-3,2'-oxindoles] in excellent yields and diastereoselectivities. The reaction mechanism has been investigated by control experiments, DFT calculation of pKa values and the kinetic profiles, revealing that this reaction featured the mutual activation between isatin-derived α-(trifluoromethyl)imines and vinylpyridine to generate the reactive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Ze Gui
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road No. 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yu-Ning Gao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road No. 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Min Shi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road No. 130, Shanghai, 200237, China.,State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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46
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Duarah G, Kaishap PP, Sarma B, Gogoi S. Ruthenium(II)-Catalyzed Dearomatized C-H Activation and Annulation Reaction of Vinylnaphthols with Alkynes: Access to Spiro-Pentacyclic Naphthalenones. Chemistry 2018; 24:10196-10200. [PMID: 29723429 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The ruthenium(II)-catalyzed annulation of vinylnaphthols and alkynes is described. The reaction proceeds through C-H activation, dearomatization, and alkyne insertion. This reaction affords spiro-pentacyclic naphthalenones that have biological significance in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauri Duarah
- Applied Organic Chemistry, Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Partha P Kaishap
- Applied Organic Chemistry, Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, India
| | - Bipul Sarma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, 784028, India
| | - Sanjib Gogoi
- Applied Organic Chemistry, Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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47
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von Drathen T, Hoffmann F, Brasholz M. Visible-Light Catalytic Photooxygenation of Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids: Access to Spirooxindole-1,3-oxazines. Chemistry 2018; 24:10253-10259. [PMID: 29750377 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Few natural oxindole alkaloids possess an exceptional spiro-[(1,3)oxazinan-3,6'-oxindole] core structure, which results from an unusual oxidative indole rearrangement. The Rauvolfia alkaloid reserpine can be converted into the spirooxindole-1,3-oxazines dioxyreserpine and trioxyreserpine through efficient visible-light catalytic photooxygenation with anthraquinone photocatalysts. A mechanistic investigation sheds new light on the photooxidative rearrangement of reserpine and related monoterpene indole alkaloids, and the spirooxindole-1,3-oxazine products can be valorized by reductive ring opening, to obtain cis-decahydroisoquinolines as new enantiopure synthetic building blocks, as demonstrated for dioxyreserpine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten von Drathen
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Brasholz
- Institute of Chemistry-Organic Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3A, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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48
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Colaço M, Carletta A, Van Gysel M, Robeyns K, Tumanov N, Wouters J. Direct Access by Mechanochemistry or Sonochemistry to Protonated Merocyanines: Components of a Four-State Molecular Switch. ChemistryOpen 2018; 7:520-526. [PMID: 30003006 PMCID: PMC6031862 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct access to the protonated merocyanine forms of two substituted spiropyrans by mechanosynthesis or sonochemistry was explored. The compounds were formed by the condensation reaction of the methyleneindolium iodide salt with salicylaldehyde derivatives. X-ray crystallography, 1H NMR spectroscopy, ab initio geometry optimization, and absorption spectroscopy were combined to provide a better understanding of the four-state molecular switch system in which the newly synthesized protonated merocyanines were found to play a central role. The results of this study suggest that the stability of the protonated merocyanines requires acidic conditions, as treatment with base led to the corresponding unprotonated merocyanines, which in turn spontaneously converted into photochromic closed spiropyrans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melwin Colaço
- Department ChemistrySt. Joseph's College, Box 27094560 027BangaloreIndia
| | - Andrea Carletta
- Department ChemistryUNamur61 Rue de Bruxelles5000NamurBelgium
| | | | - Koen Robeyns
- Department ChemistryUCL1 Place Louis Pasteur1348Louvain-la-NeuveBelgium
| | - Nikolay Tumanov
- Department ChemistryUNamur61 Rue de Bruxelles5000NamurBelgium
| | - Johan Wouters
- Department ChemistryUNamur61 Rue de Bruxelles5000NamurBelgium
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49
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Abstract
Spiroketals are key structural motifs found in diverse natural products with compelling biological activities. However, stereocontrolled synthetic access to spiroketals, independent of their inherent thermodynamic preferences, is a classical challenge in organic synthesis that has limited in-depth biological exploration of this intriguing class. Herein, we review our laboratory's efforts to advance the glycal epoxide approach to the stereocontrolled synthesis of spiroketals via kinetically controlled spirocyclization reactions. This work has provided new synthetic methodologies with applications in both diversity- and target-oriented synthesis, fundamental insights into structure and reactivity, and efficient access to spiroketal libraries and natural products for biological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa L Verano
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 422, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Derek S Tan
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 422, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Chemical Biology Program and Tri-Institutional Research Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 422, New York, New York 10065, USA
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50
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Buxton CS, Blakemore DC, Bower JF. Reductive Coupling of Acrylates with Ketones and Ketimines by a Nickel-Catalyzed Transfer-Hydrogenative Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:13824-13828. [PMID: 28868751 PMCID: PMC5656909 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nickel-catalyzed coupling of benzyl acrylates with activated ketones and imines provides γ-butyrolactones and lactams, respectively. The benzyl alcohol byproduct released during the lactonization/lactamization event is relayed to the next cycle where it serves as the reductant for C-C bond formation. This strategy represents a conceptually unique approach to transfer-hydrogenative C-C bond formation, thus providing examples of reductive heterocyclizations where hydrogen embedded within an alcohol leaving group facilitates turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John F. Bower
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolBristolBS8 1TSUK
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