1
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Song GQ, Liu Z, Zhong GY. Regulatory frameworks involved in the floral induction, formation and developmental programming of woody horticultural plants: a case study on blueberries. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1336892. [PMID: 38410737 PMCID: PMC10894941 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1336892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Flowering represents a crucial stage in the life cycles of plants. Ensuring strong and consistent flowering is vital for maintaining crop production amidst the challenges presented by climate change. In this review, we summarized key recent efforts aimed at unraveling the complexities of plant flowering through genetic, genomic, physiological, and biochemical studies in woody species, with a special focus on the genetic control of floral initiation and activation in woody horticultural species. Key topics covered in the review include major flowering pathway genes in deciduous woody plants, regulation of the phase transition from juvenile to adult stage, the roles of CONSTANS (CO) and CO-like gene and FLOWERING LOCUS T genes in flower induction, the floral regulatory role of GA-DELLA pathway, and the multifunctional roles of MADS-box genes in flowering and dormancy release triggered by chilling. Based on our own research work in blueberries, we highlighted the central roles played by two key flowering pathway genes, FLOWERING LOCUS T and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1, which regulate floral initiation and activation (dormancy release), respectively. Collectively, our survey shows both the conserved and diverse aspects of the flowering pathway in annual and woody plants, providing insights into the potential molecular mechanisms governing woody plants. This paves the way for enhancing the resilience and productivity of fruit-bearing crops in the face of changing climatic conditions, all through the perspective of genetic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qing Song
- Plant Biotechnology Resource and Outreach Center, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Zongrang Liu
- USDA Agricultural Research Services, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV, United States
| | - Gan-Yuan Zhong
- USDA Agricultural Research Services, Grape Genetics Research Unit and Plant Genetic Resources Unit, Geneva, NY, United States
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2
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Song Y, Zhang H, Liu S, Chang Y, Zhang Y, Feng H, Zhang X, Sun M, Sha W, Li Y, Dai S. Na2CO3-responsive mechanism insight from quantitative proteomics and SlRUB gene function in Salix linearistipularis seedlings. Tree Physiol 2024; 44:tpae011. [PMID: 38263488 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Mongolian willow (Salix linearistipularis) is a naturally occurring woody dioecious plant in the saline soils of north-eastern China, which has a high tolerance to alkaline salts. Although transcriptomics studies have identified a large number of salinity-responsive genes, the mechanism of salt tolerance in Mongolian willow is not clear. Here, we found that in response to Na2CO3 stress, Mongolian willow regulates osmotic homeostasis by accumulating proline and soluble sugars and scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) by antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Our quantitative proteomics study identified 154 salt-sensitive proteins mainly involved in maintaining the stability of the photosynthetic system and ROS homeostasis to cope with Na2CO3 stress. Among them, Na2CO3-induced rubredoxin (RUB) was predicted to be associated with 122 proteins for the modulation of these processes. The chloroplast-localized S. linearistipularis rubredoxin (SlRUB) was highly expressed in leaves and was significantly induced under Na2CO3 stress. Phenotypic analysis of overexpression, mutation and complementation materials of RUB in Arabidopsis suggests that SlRUB is critical for the regulation of photosynthesis, ROS scavenging and other metabolisms in the seedlings of Mongolian willow to cope with Na2CO3 stress. This provides more clues to better understand the alkali-responsive mechanism and RUB functions in the woody Mongolian willow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Song
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, China
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Shijia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, China
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yu Chang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yongxue Zhang
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Huiting Feng
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, No. 1 Jinming Avenue, Longting District, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Meihong Sun
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Wei Sha
- College of Life Sciences and Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, No. 42 Wenhua Street, Jianhua District, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shaojun Dai
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200234, China
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3
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Qin X, Xu J, An X, Yang J, Wang Y, Dou M, Wang M, Huang J, Fu Y. Insight of endophytic fungi promoting the growth and development of woody plants. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:78-99. [PMID: 36592988 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2129579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms play an important role in plant growth and development. In particular, endophytic fungi is one of the important kinds of microorganisms and has a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship with host plants. Endophytic fungi have many substantial benefits to host plants, especially for woody plants, such as accelerating plant growth, enhancing stress resistance, promoting nutrient absorption, resisting pathogens and etc. However, the effects of endophytic fungi on the growth and development of woody plants have not been systematically summarized. In this review, the functions of endophytic fungi for the growth and development of woody plants have been mainly reviewed, including regulating plant growth (e.g., flowering, root elongation, etc.) by producing nutrients and plant hormones, and improving plant disease, insect resistance and heavy metal resistance by producing secondary metabolites. In addition, the diversity of endophytic fungi could improve the ability of woody plants to adapt to adverse environment. The components produced by endophytic fungi have excellent potential for the growth and development of woody plants. This review has systematically discussed the potential regulation mechanism of endophytic fungi regulating the growth and development of woody plants, it would be of great significance for the development and utilization of endophytic fungi resource from woody plants for the protection of forest resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Jian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xiaoli An
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Meijia Dou
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Minggang Wang
- The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yujie Fu
- The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, PR China
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4
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Zhao L, Sun J, Bushley K. Editorial: Biointeractions among host plant, wood borers and pathogens/their associated microbes. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1347776. [PMID: 38362450 PMCID: PMC10867323 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1347776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Lilin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianghua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Hebei, China
| | - Kathryn Bushley
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
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Paganová V, Hus M, Lichtnerová H, Žiarovská J, Moravčíková D, Kučka M, Ražná K, Abbas A. Physiological and Molecular Responses of Pyrus pyraster Seedlings to Salt Treatment Analyzed by miRNA and Cytochrome P450 Gene-Based Markers. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:261. [PMID: 38256814 PMCID: PMC10820964 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Physiological and molecular marker-based changes were studied in the tissues of two-year-old Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd. seedlings under salt treatment. For 60 days, 5 mL of 100 mM NaCl solution was applied to each plant per day to a cumulative volume of 300 mL in the substrate. In response to osmotic stress, the seedlings increased their water use efficiency (WUE) on day 20 of regular NaCl application and maintained a stable net photosynthetic rate (An) per unit area. Under conditions of increasing salinity, the young plants maintained a balanced water regime of the leaf tissues (Ψwl). The seedlings invested mass to their root growth (R/S), retained a substantial portion (72%) of Na+ ions in the roots, and protected their leaves against intoxication and damage. A significant decrease in the leaf gas exchange parameters (gs, E, An) was manifested on day 60 of the experiment when the cumulative NaCl intake was 300 mL per plant. The variability in the reactions of the seedlings to salinity is related to the use of open-pollinated progeny (54 genotypes) in the experiment. Lus-miR168 showed tissue- and genotype-specific genome responses to the applied stress. Polymorphic miRNA-based loci were mostly detected in the root samples on the 20th and 35th days of the experiment. The cumulative effect of the salt treatment was reflected in the predominance of polymorphic loci in the leaves. We can confirm that miRNA-based markers represent a sensitive detection tool for plant stress response on an individual level. The screening and selection of the optimal type of miRNA for this type of research is crucial. The cytochrome P450-Based Analog (PBA) techniques were unable to detect polymorphism among the control and treated seedlings, except for the primer pair CYP2BF+R, where, in the roots of the stressed plant, insertions in the amplicons were obtained. The expression ratios of cytochrome P450 in the salt-stressed plants were higher in the roots in the case of 20/100 mL and in the leaves with higher doses. The observed physiological and molecular responses to salinity reflect the potential of P. pyraster seedlings in adaptation to osmotic and ionic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viera Paganová
- Institute of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.H.); (H.L.)
| | - Marek Hus
- Institute of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.H.); (H.L.)
| | - Helena Lichtnerová
- Institute of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.H.); (H.L.)
| | - Jana Žiarovská
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (J.Ž.); (D.M.); (M.K.); (K.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Dagmar Moravčíková
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (J.Ž.); (D.M.); (M.K.); (K.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Matúš Kučka
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (J.Ž.); (D.M.); (M.K.); (K.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Katarína Ražná
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (J.Ž.); (D.M.); (M.K.); (K.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Aqsa Abbas
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (J.Ž.); (D.M.); (M.K.); (K.R.); (A.A.)
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6
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Du Z, Yang F, Fang J, Yamasaki S, Oya T, Nguluve D, Kumagai H, Cai Y. Silage preparation and sustainable livestock production of natural woody plant. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1253178. [PMID: 37746011 PMCID: PMC10514673 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1253178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
As the global population increases and the economy grows rapidly, the demand for livestock products such as meat, egg and milk continue to increase. The shortage of feed in livestock production is a worldwide problem restricting the development of the animal industry. Natural woody plants are widely distributed and have a huge biomass yield. The fresh leaves and branches of some woody plants are rich in nutrients such as proteins, amino acids, vitamins and minerals and can be used to produce storage feed such as silage for livestock. Therefore, the development and utilization of natural woody plants for clean fermented feed is important for the sustainable production of livestock product. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the research progress, current status and development prospects of forageable natural woody plant feed resources. The nutritional composition and uses of natural woody plants, the main factors affecting the fermentation of woody plant silage and the interaction mechanism between microbial co-occurrence network and secondary metabolite are reviewed. Various preparation technologies for clean fermentation of woody plant silage were summarized comprehensively, which provided a sustainable production mode for improving the production efficiency of livestock and producing high-quality livestock product. Therefore, woody plants play an increasingly important role as a potential natural feed resource in alleviating feed shortage and promoting sustainable development of livestock product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhumei Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Crop, Livestock, and Environment Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Fuyu Yang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiachen Fang
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Seishi Yamasaki
- Crop, Livestock, and Environment Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Oya
- Crop, Livestock, and Environment Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Damiao Nguluve
- Animal Science Directorate, Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Matola, Mozambique
| | - Hajime Kumagai
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yimin Cai
- Crop, Livestock, and Environment Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Cordeiro D, Camelo A, Pedrosa AC, Brandão I, Canhoto J, Espírito Santo C, Correia S. An Efficient Method to Prepare Barcoded cDNA Libraries from Plant Callus for Long-Read Sequencing. Methods Protoc 2023; 6:mps6020031. [PMID: 36961051 PMCID: PMC10037601 DOI: 10.3390/mps6020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-read sequencing methods allow a comprehensive analysis of transcriptomes in identifying full-length transcripts. This revolutionary method represents a considerable breakthrough for non-model species since it allows enhanced gene annotation and gene expression studies when compared to former sequencing methods. However, woody plant tissues are challenging to the successful preparation of cDNA libraries, thus, impairing further cutting-edge sequencing analyses. Here, a detailed protocol for preparing cDNA libraries suitable for high throughput RNA sequencing using Oxford Nanopore Technologies® is described. This method was used to prepare eight barcoded cDNA libraries from two Solanum betaceum cell lines: one with compact morphology and embryogenic competency (EC) and another with friable and non-embryogenic (NEC). The libraries were successfully sequenced, and data quality assessment showed high mean quality scores. Using this method, long-read sequencing will allow a comprehensive analysis of plant transcriptomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cordeiro
- Centre for Functional Ecology, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Camelo
- Centro de Apoio Tecnológico Agro-Alimentar (CATAA) de Castelo Branco, 6000-459 Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Ana Carolina Pedrosa
- Centre for Functional Ecology, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Brandão
- Centre for Functional Ecology, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- Centro de Apoio Tecnológico Agro-Alimentar (CATAA) de Castelo Branco, 6000-459 Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Jorge Canhoto
- Centre for Functional Ecology, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Christophe Espírito Santo
- Centre for Functional Ecology, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- Centro de Apoio Tecnológico Agro-Alimentar (CATAA) de Castelo Branco, 6000-459 Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Sandra Correia
- Centre for Functional Ecology, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- InnovPlantProtect CoLab, Estrada de Gil Vaz, 7350-478 Elvas, Portugal
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Tian P, Liu Y, Ou J. Meta-analysis of the impact of future climate change on the area of woody plant habitats in China. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1139739. [PMID: 37008491 PMCID: PMC10050603 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1139739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Climate change poses a very serious threat to woody plants, and it is important to study its impact on the distribution dynamics of woody plants in China. However, there are no comprehensive quantitative studies on which factors influence the changes in the area of woody plant habitats in China under climate change. In this meta-analysis, we investigated the future suitable habitat area changes of 114 woody plant species in 85 studies based on MaxEnt model predictions to summarize the future climate change impacts on woody plant habitat area changes in China. It was found that climate change will result in a 3.66% increase in the overall woody plant suitable areas and a 31.33% decrease in the highly suitable areas in China. The mean temperature of the coldest quarter is the most important climatic factor, and greenhouse gas concentrations were inversely related to the area of future woody plant suitable areas. Meanwhile, shrubs are more climate-responsive than trees, drought-tolerant plants (e.g., Dalbergia, Cupressus, and Xanthoceras) and plants that can adapt quickly (e.g., Camellia, Cassia, and Fokienia) and their appearance will increase in the future. Old World temperate, Trop. Asia and Trop. Amer. disjuncted, and the Sino-Himalaya Floristic region are more vulnerable. Quantitative analysis of the possible risks to future climate change in areas suitable for woody plants in China is important for global woody plant diversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Tian
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yifu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ou
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Chen W, Mou X, Meng P, Chen J, Tang X, Meng G, Xin K, Zhang Y, Wang C. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus inoculation on the growth and nitrogen metabolism of Catalpa bungei C.A.Mey. under different nitrogen levels. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1138184. [PMID: 36909441 PMCID: PMC9996104 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1138184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may promote the growth of woody plants. However, the effects of AMF on nitrogen (N) metabolism in plants, especially trees, and its regulatory mechanism are rarely reported. Here, the effects of AMF inoculation on the growth and N nutrition status of Catalpa bungei under different N levels were reported. Three N levels (low, medium, high) and two mycorrhizal inoculation treatments (inoculation with Rhizophagus intraradices or not) were used with factorial design. The results showed that medium N could significantly improve the physiological metabolism and growth of C. bungei seedlings. However, when N was excessive, growth was significantly inhibited whether inoculated AMF or not. Compared with non-inoculated treatments, AMF inoculation could promote the absorption of N and P, improve photosynthesis under low to medium N levels, thus promoting the growth of seedlings. AMF changed the biomass allocation in seedlings by reducing the stem mass ratio and root/shoot ratio, and increasing the leaf mass ratio. At medium N levels, compared with non-inoculated treatment, AMF inoculation could significantly promote root growth by changing root hormone levels and improving root architecture and root activity. Under N addition, AMF inoculation could improve the absorption and assimilation of N by regulating the expression of key enzyme genes of N metabolism and nitrate transporter genes (NRT2.4, NRT2.5, NRT2.7) in roots, and enhancing the activities of the key enzyme of N metabolism. This study may provide a reference for the application of AMF in the cultivation and afforestation technology of C. bungei in Northwest China.
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Ohse B, Compagnoni A, Farrior CE, McMahon SM, Salguero-Gómez R, Rüger N, Knight TM. Demographic synthesis for global tree species conservation. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:579-590. [PMID: 36822929 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Conserving the tree species of the world requires syntheses on which tree species are most vulnerable to pressing threats, such as climate change, invasive pests and pathogens, or selective logging. Here, we review the population and forest dynamics models that, when parameterized with data from population studies, forest inventories, or tree rings, have been used for identifying life-history strategies of species and threat-related changes in population demography and dynamics. The available evidence suggests that slow-growing and/or long-lived species are the most vulnerable. However, a lack of comparative, multi-species studies still challenges more precise predictions of the vulnerability of tree species to threats. Improving data coverage for mortality and recruitment, and accounting for interactions among threats, would greatly advance vulnerability assessments for conservation prioritizations of trees worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Ohse
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Aldo Compagnoni
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Caroline E Farrior
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sean M McMahon
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
| | | | - Nadja Rüger
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Economics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
| | - Tiffany M Knight
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany; Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Kouhen M, Dimitrova A, Scippa GS, Trupiano D. The Course of Mechanical Stress: Types, Perception, and Plant Response. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12. [PMID: 36829495 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical stimuli, together with the corresponding plant perception mechanisms and the finely tuned thigmomorphogenetic response, has been of scientific and practical interest since the mid-17th century. As an emerging field, there are many challenges in the research of mechanical stress. Indeed, studies on different plant species (annual/perennial) and plant organs (stem/root) using different approaches (field, wet lab, and in silico/computational) have delivered insufficient findings that frequently impede the practical application of the acquired knowledge. Accordingly, the current work distils existing mechanical stress knowledge by bringing in side-by-side the research conducted on both stem and roots. First, the various types of mechanical stress encountered by plants are defined. Second, plant perception mechanisms are outlined. Finally, the different strategies employed by the plant stem and roots to counteract the perceived mechanical stresses are summarized, depicting the corresponding morphological, phytohormonal, and molecular characteristics. The comprehensive literature on both perennial (woody) and annual plants was reviewed, considering the potential benefits and drawbacks of the two plant types, which allowed us to highlight current gaps in knowledge as areas of interest for future research.
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12
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Dong XQ, Xing HY, Zhang SY, Chen JQ, Xie ZX, Deng WQ, Yu S, Wu DM. [Effects of surface and mixed application of sewage sludge on Neolamarckia cadamba root growth]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2022; 33:3388-3394. [PMID: 36601845 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202212.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of sewage sludge in forests is an important way of recycling. However, the effect of sewage sludge application on woody plant root growth has been rarely reported. The effects of surface application and mixed application of sewage sludge (mass ratio in 10%) on the dynamics in root morphology of a fast-growing tree species (Neolamarckia cadamba), soil pH, electric conductivity, and heavy metal content of roots in different soil layers were analyzed by a rhizobox experiment. The relationship between root length and soil pH value, electric conducti-vity, and root heavy metal content were further analyzed. Results showed that mixed application of sewage sludge inhibited root length, root surface area, and root volume. After 120 and 240 days of mixed application, total root length in the 0-20 cm soil layer was 76.9% and 67.4% of that of no sewage sludge application, respectively. Surface application of sewage sludge did not affect root length and root surface area but increased root volume. The mixed application of sewage sludge significantly increased soil pH, electric conductivity, and root heavy metal content. Root Cd contents in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers with the mixed application of sewage sludge were 11.5 and 10.0 times as that of no sewage sludge application, respectively. Soil electric conductivity had a significant nega-tive correlation with root length in 0-20 cm soil layer among different treatments. Root Cd content had a significant negative correlation with root length in both the surface and the mixed applications of sewage sludge. These results indicated that mixed application of sewage sludge could inhibit N. cadamba root growth mainly by increasing soil electric conductivity and root Cd content, while the surface application of sewage sludge did not affect root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Quan Dong
- College of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - He-Yan Xing
- College of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shu-Yuan Zhang
- College of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jia-Qian Chen
- College of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zi-Xi Xie
- College of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wen-Qi Deng
- College of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shan Yu
- College of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dao-Ming Wu
- College of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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13
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Ben Saadi C, Cayuela L, Bañares de Dios G, de Aledo JG, Matas-Granados L, Salinas N, La Torre Cuadros MDLÁ, Macía MJ. Latitudinal patterns and environmental drivers of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of woody plants in western Amazonian terra firme forests. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:978299. [PMID: 36275574 PMCID: PMC9585299 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.978299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating how environmental factors drive plant species distributions and how they affect latitudinal diversity gradients, remain essential questions in ecology and biogeography. In this study we aimed: 1) to investigate the relationships between all three diversity attributes, i.e., taxonomic diversity (TD), functional diversity (FD), and phylogenetic diversity (PD); 2) to quantify the latitudinal variation in these diversity attributes in western Amazonian terra firme forests; and 3) to understand how climatic and edaphic drivers contribute to explaining diversity patterns. We inventoried ca. 15,000 individuals from ca. 1,250 species, and obtained functional trait records for ca. 5,000 woody plant individuals in 50 plots of 0.1 ha located in five terra firme forest sites spread over a latitudinal gradient of 1200 km covering ca. 10°C in latitude in western Amazonia. We calculated all three diversity attributes using Hill numbers: q = 0 (richness), q = 1 (richness weighted by relative abundance), and q = 2 (richness weighted by dominance). Generalized linear mixed models were constructed for each diversity attribute to test the effects of different uncorrelated environmental predictors comprising the temperature seasonality, annual precipitation, soil pH and soil bulk density, as well as accounting for the effect of spatial autocorrelation, i.e., plots aggregated within sites. We confirmed that TD (q = 0, q = 1, and q = 2), FD (q = 0, q = 1, and q = 2), and PD (q = 0) increased monotonically towards the Equator following the latitudinal diversity gradient. The importance of rare species could explain the lack of a pattern for PD (q = 1 and q = 2). Temperature seasonality, which was highly correlated with latitude, and annual precipitation were the main environmental drivers of variations in TD, FD, and PD. All three diversity attributes increased with lower temperature seasonality, higher annual precipitation, and lower soil pH. We confirmed the existence of latitudinal diversity gradients for TD, FD, and PD in hyperdiverse Amazonian terra firme forests. Our results agree well with the predictions of the environmental filtering principle and the favourability hypothesis, even acting in a 10°C latitudinal range within tropical climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Ben Saadi
- Departamento de Biología, Área de Botánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Cayuela
- Departmento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Guillermo Bañares de Dios
- Departmento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Julia G. de Aledo
- Departamento de Biología, Área de Botánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Matas-Granados
- Departamento de Biología, Área de Botánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Norma Salinas
- Sección Quíımica, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
- School of Geography and Environment, University of Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - María de los Ángeles La Torre Cuadros
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Científica del Sur, Villa el Salvador, Peru
- Departamento de Manejo Forestal, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru
| | - Manuel J. Macía
- Departamento de Biología, Área de Botánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Yuan Y, Liu Z, Wang L, Wang L, Chen S, Niu Y, Zhao X, Liu P, Liu M. Two triphosphate tunnel metalloenzymes from apple exhibit adenylyl cyclase activity. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:992488. [PMID: 36275530 PMCID: PMC9582125 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.992488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Adenylyl cyclase (AC) is the key catalytic enzyme for the synthesis of 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Various ACs have been identified in microorganisms and mammals, but studies on plant ACs are still limited. No AC in woody plants has been reported until now. Based on the information on HpAC1, three enzymes were screened out from the woody fruit tree apple, and two of them (MdTTM1 and MdTTM2) were verified and confirmed to display AC activity. Interestingly, in the apple genome, these two genes were annotated as triphosphate tunnel metalloenzymes (TTMs) which were widely found in three superkingdoms of life with multiple substrate specificities and enzymatic activities, especially triphosphate hydrolase. In addition, the predicted structures of these two proteins were parallel, especially of the catalytic tunnel, including conserved domains, motifs, and folded structures. Their tertiary structures exhibited classic TTM properties, like the characteristic EXEXK motif and β-stranded anti-parallel tunnel capable of coordinating divalent cations. Moreover, MdTTM2 and HpAC1 displayed powerful hydrolase activity to triphosphate and restricted AC activity. All of these findings showed that MdTTMs had hydrolysis and AC activity, which could provide new solid evidence for AC distribution in woody plants as well as insights into the relationship between ACs and TTMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Lili Wang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shuangjiang Chen
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yahong Niu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Ping Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Mengjun Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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15
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Zhou XL, Ma JY, Liu ZD, Dai NF, Yang HQ, Yang L, Wang YH, Shen SK. Gene Co-expression Network and Regression Analysis Identify the Transcriptomic, Physiological, and Biochemical Indicators of the Response of Alpine Woody Plant Rhododendron rex to Drought Stress. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:896691. [PMID: 35693180 PMCID: PMC9174646 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.896691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing severity of drought stress due to global change and extreme weather has been affecting the biodiversity, function, and stability of forest ecosystems. However, despite being an important component in the alpine and subalpine vegetation in forest ecosystems, Rhododendron species have been paid rare attention in the study of molecular mechanism of tolerance or response to drought. Herein, we investigated the correlation of transcriptomic changes with the physiological and biochemical indicators of Rhododendron rex under drought stress by using the co-expression network approach and regression analysis. Compared with the control treatment, the number of significantly differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) increased with the degree of drought stress. The DEGs were mainly enriched in the cell wall metabolic process, signaling pathways, sugar metabolism, and nitrogen metabolism. Coupled analysis of the transcriptome, physiological, and biochemical parameters indicated that the metabolic pathways were highly correlated with the physiological and biochemical indicators under drought stress, especially the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, such as the actual photosynthetic efficiency of photosystem II, electron transport rate, photochemical quenching coefficient, and the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II photochemistry. The majority of the response genes related to the metabolic pathways, including photosynthesis, sugar metabolism, and phytohormone signal pathway, were highly expressed under drought stress. In addition, genes associated with cell wall, pectin, and galacturonan metabolism also played crucial roles in the response of R. rex to drought stress. The results provided novel insight into the molecular response of the alpine woody species under drought stress and may improve the understanding of the response of forest ecosystems to the global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong-Li Zhou
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jin-Yan Ma
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhen-Dian Liu
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Ni-fei Dai
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Hui-Qin Yang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Liu Yang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yue-Hua Wang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Shi-Kang Shen
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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16
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Jiang D, Lin R, Tan M, Yan J, Yan S. The mycorrhizal-induced growth promotion and insect resistance reduction in Populus alba × P. berolinensis seedlings: a multi-omics study. Tree Physiol 2022; 42:1059-1069. [PMID: 35022794 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are an alternative to chemical insecticides or fertilizers, and there is an urgent need to extend the application of AM fungi to woody plants. This study aims to investigate the growth and resistance against the gypsy moth larvae (Lymantria dispar) in Glomus intraradices-colonized Populus alba × P. berolinensis seedlings, and to unravel the transcriptome and metabolome phenotypes recruited by AM fungus colonization that affect plant growth and insect resistance. Our results showed a positive mycorrhizal growth response, i.e., growth and biomass of mycorrhizal seedlings were enhanced. However, AM fungus inoculation reduced the resistance of poplar to gypsy moth larvae, as evidenced by the decreased carbon/nitrogen ratio in leaves, as well as the increased larval growth and shortened larval developmental duration. Transcriptome analysis revealed that in both auxin and gibberellin signaling transductions, all nodes were responsive to AM symbiosis and most differentially expressed genes belonging to effectors were up-regulated in mycorrhizal seedlings. Furthermore, the two key enzymes (4-coumarate-CoA ligase and trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase) involved in the synthesis of p-Coumaroyl-CoA, an initial metabolite in flavonoid biosynthesis and the first rate-limiting enzyme (chalcone synthase) in flavonoid biosynthesis, were down-regulated at the transcriptional level. Consistent with the transcriptome results, metabolome analysis found that the amounts of all differentially accumulated flavonoid compounds (e.g., catechin and quercetin) identified in mycorrhizal seedlings were decreased. Taken together, these findings highlight the diverse outcomes of AM fungi-host plant-insect interaction and reveal the regulatory network of the positive mycorrhizal growth response and mycorrhizal-induced reduction of insect resistance in poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun Jiang
- Department of Forestry School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
- College of Forestry Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Ruoxuan Lin
- Department of Economics College of Economics and Management, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, P. R.China
| | - Mingtao Tan
- Department of Forestry School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
- College of Forestry Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Junxin Yan
- Department of Landscape Architecture College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Shanchun Yan
- Department of Forestry School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
- College of Forestry Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
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17
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Liu XW, Wang YH, Shen SK. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal the altitude adaptability and evolution of different-colored flowers in alpine Rhododendron species. Tree Physiol 2022; 42:1100-1113. [PMID: 34850945 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms and evolutionary process of plant adaptation to the heterogeneous environment caused by altitude gradients in plateau mountain ecosystems can provide novel insight into species' responses to global changes. Flower color is the most conspicuous and highly diverse trait in nature. Herein, the gene expression patterns, evolutionary adaptation and metabolites changes of different-colored flowers of alpine Rhododendron L. species along altitude gradients were investigated based on a combined analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics. Differentially expressed genes were found to be related to the biosynthesis of carbohydrates, fatty acids, amino acids and flavonoids, suggesting their important roles in the altitude adaptability of Rhododendron species. The evolution rate of high-altitude species was faster than that of low-altitude species. Genes related to DNA repair, mitogen-activated protein kinase and ABA signal transduction, and lipoic acid and propanoate metabolism were positively selected in the flowers of high-altitude Rhododendron species and those associated with carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, ABA signal transduction and ethylene signal transduction were positively selected in low-altitude species. These results indicated that the genes with differentiated expressions or functions exhibit varying evolution during the adaptive divergence of heterogeneous environment caused by altitude gradients. Flower-color variation might be attributed to the significant differences in gene expression or metabolites related to sucrose, flavonoids and carotenoids at the transcription or metabolism levels of Rhododendron species. This work suggests that Rhododendron species have multiple molecular mechanisms in their adaptation to changing environments caused by altitude gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Wen Liu
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, No.2 Green lake North road Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China
| | - Yue-Hua Wang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, No.2 Green lake North road Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China
| | - Shi-Kang Shen
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, No.2 Green lake North road Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, No.2 Green lake North road Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, No.2 Green lake North road Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China
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18
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Du Z, Yamasaki S, Oya T, Nguluve D, Euridse D, Tinga B, Macome F, Cai Y. Microbial Co-occurrence Network and Fermentation Information of Natural Woody-Plant Silage Prepared With Grass and Crop By-Product in Southern Africa. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:756209. [PMID: 35369476 PMCID: PMC8964296 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.756209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To facilitate the use of woody plant (WP) as a natural biomass resource to address the shortage of feed for ruminants in the tropics, we use PacBio SMRT sequencing to explore the microbial co-occurrence network and silage fermentation of gliricidia and leucaena prepared with Napier grass (NG) and corn stover (CS) in Southern Africa. Based on dry matter, the crude protein contents of WP are as high as 25%. Compared with NG, the addition of CS speed up the dynamic succession of microorganisms in the silage fermentation process from Gram-negative bacteria to Gram-positive bacteria, and promoted Lactiplantibacillus plantarum to become the dominant community and enhanced the metabolic pathways of lactic acid and citric acid, thus improved the fermentation flavour and quality of WP silage. WP can be mixed with CS to make high-quality silage, which can alleviate the shortage of feed and promote local animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhumei Du
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan.,College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Seishi Yamasaki
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Oya
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Damiao Nguluve
- Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Matola, Mozambique
| | - Denise Euridse
- Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Matola, Mozambique
| | - Benedito Tinga
- Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Matola, Mozambique
| | | | - Yimin Cai
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
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19
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Tang M, Zhang X, Tan XR, Liu Y, Wang MX. [Accumulation, subcellular distribution, and chemical forms of zinc in three tree species]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2021; 32:4298-4306. [PMID: 34951271 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202112.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to explore the mechanism underlying zinc (Zn) accumulation and tolerance in woody garden species, the effects of different Zn concentrations (0, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 mg·kg-1) on leaf, branch, root biomass and leaf ultrastructure of Koelreuteria paniculata, Ailanthus altissima, and Ginkgo biloba were studied in a pot pollution simulation experiment. The concentration of Zn in plant organs, the subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Zn in leaves and roots were further analyzed. The results showed that all the three species could survive under diffe-rent Zn concentrations, but the biomass of leaves, stems and roots decreased compared with the control. Excessive Zn could lead to cell deformation, cell wall rupture and organelle disintegration of leaves in K. paniculata and A. altissima, while the cells in leaves of G. biloba could maintain normal morphology, indicating that G. biloba had a better tolerance to Zn than K. paniculata and A. altissima. With the increases of Zn concentration, Zn concentration in the organs of the three species showed an increasing trend, and the Zn concentration in K. paniculata and A. altissima was significantly higher than that in G. biloba, indicating that the Zn accumulation ability of K. paniculata and A. altissima was stronger than that of G. biloba. Zn was mainly distributed in the cell walls of leaves and roots, accounting for 26.9%-71.8% and 28.1%-82.6%, respectively. Under the treatment with the highest Zn concentration (2000 mg·kg-1), Zn concentration in the soluble components (mainly vacuoles) could be higher than that in the cell walls. In addition, Zn mainly existed in NaCl-, HAc- and HCl-extracted forms in leaves, accounting for 57.4%-82.7%, and Zn mainly existed in NaCl- and HAc-extracted forms in roots, accounting for 42.8%-67.2%, all of which were forms with relatively low activity. Therefore, cell wall retention, vacuoles segregation and accumulating Zn in less active forms might be important mechanisms underlying Zn accumulation and tolerance in the three trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tang
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University/National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture/Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University/National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture/Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xin-Rui Tan
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University/National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture/Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University/National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture/Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mei-Xian Wang
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University/National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture/Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing 100083, China
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Du Z, Sun L, Lin Y, Yang F, Cai Y. The use of PacBio SMRT technology to explore the microbial network and fermentation characteristics of woody silage prepared with exogenous carbohydrate additives. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2193-2211. [PMID: 33905586 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To effectively use woody plant resources to prepare silage for ruminants, Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing was applied to study the microbial network and fermentation characteristics of paper mulberry (PM) silage prepared with corn meal (CM) and rice bran (RB) as exogenous additives. METHODS AND RESULTS PM is rich in nutrients and contains more than 26% crude protein in dry matter. After ensiling, the microbial diversity and abundance in PM, CM and RB decreased due to the anaerobic environment and acidic conditions. The CM-treated PM silage accelerated the conversion of the dominant microbial community from harmful bacteria to lactic acid bacteria and promoted lactic acid fermentation. When RB was used to treat PM silage, Enterobacter and Clostridium species became the main bacterial community during ensiling, leading to butyric acid fermentation and protein decomposition. Compared with RB, CM increased the amount of fermentation substrates, changed the microbial community structure and affected metabolic pathways (global metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism), which improved the flavour and quality of the PM silage. CONCLUSIONS The CM addition of improved the fermentation quality of PM silage, with PM + CM being the ideal combination. The SMRT sequencing technology could accurately obtain specific details of the microbial networks and fermentation characteristics. Our results indicate that PM can be used as a potential high-protein silage in animal production. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY In tropics, the effective use of abundant natural biomass resources such as woody plants to prepare silage for feed preservation can solve the problem of restricting livestock production due to the shortage of feed in the dry season. SMRT sequencing technology was used to accurately analyze the microbial network and fermentation characteristics of woody silage prepared with CM as an exogenous additive to improve the fermentation quality of silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Du
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - L Sun
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Hohhot, China
| | - Y Lin
- Beijing Sure Academy of Biosciences, Beijing, China
| | - F Yang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Cai
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Japan
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21
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Jiang L, Shi H, Sang M, Zheng C, Cao Y, Zhu X, Zhuo X, Cheng T, Zhang Q, Wu R, Sun L. Corrigendum: A Computational Model for Inferring QTL Control Networks Underlying Developmental Covariation. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:45. [PMID: 32117383 PMCID: PMC7031492 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01557.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Hexin Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Sang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenfei Zheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yige Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuli Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaokang Zhuo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Tangren Cheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongling Wu
- Center for Statistical Genetics, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Lidan Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Jiang L, Shi H, Sang M, Zheng C, Cao Y, Zhu X, Zhuo X, Cheng T, Zhang Q, Wu R, Sun L. A Computational Model for Inferring QTL Control Networks Underlying Developmental Covariation. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:1557. [PMID: 31921232 PMCID: PMC6930182 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
How one trait developmentally varies as a function of others shapes a spectrum of biological phenomena. Despite its importance to trait dissection, the understanding of whether and how genes mediate such developmental covariation is poorly understood. We integrate developmental allometry equations into the functional mapping framework to map specific QTLs that govern the correlated development of different traits. Based on evolutionary game theory, we assemble and contextualize these QTLs into an intricate but organized network coded by bidirectional, signed, and weighted QTL-QTL interactions. We use this approach to map shoot height-diameter allometry QTLs in an ornamental woody species, mei (Prunus mume). We detect "pioneering" QTLs (piQTLs) and "maintaining" QTLs (miQTLs) that determine how shoot height varies with diameter and how shoot diameter varies with height, respectively. The QTL networks inferred can visualize how each piQTL regulates others to promote height growth at a cost of diameter growth, how miQTL regulates others to benefit radial growth at a cost of height growth, and how piQTLs and miQTLs regulate each other to form a pleiotropic web of primary and secondary growth in trees. Our approach provides a unique gateway to explore the genetic architecture of developmental covariation, a widespread phenomenon in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Hexin Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Sang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenfei Zheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yige Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuli Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaokang Zhuo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Tangren Cheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongling Wu
- Center for Statistical Genetics, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Lidan Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lidan Sun,
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Gallinat AS, Primack RB, Willis CG, Nordt B, Stevens AD, Fahey R, Whittemore AT, Du Y, Panchen ZA. Patterns and predictors of fleshy fruit phenology at five international botanical gardens. Am J Bot 2018; 105:1824-1834. [PMID: 30418679 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY To improve our understanding of the patterns and drivers of fleshy fruit phenology, we examined the sequence, patterns across years and locations, and drivers of fruiting times at five botanical gardens on three continents. METHODS We monitored four stages of fruit phenology for 406 temperate, fleshy-fruited, woody plant species in 2014 and 2015. KEY RESULTS Across all gardens, ripe fruits were present from May to March of the following year, with peak fruiting durations ranging from under 1 week to over 150 days. Species-level first fruiting and onset of peak fruiting dates were strongly associated with one another within sites and were more consistent between years and sites than the end of peak fruiting and last fruiting date. The order of fruiting among species between years and gardens was moderately consistent, and both peak fruiting times and fruiting durations were found to be phylogenetically conserved. CONCLUSIONS The consistent order of fruiting among species between years and locations indicates species-specific phenological responses to environmental conditions. Wide variation in fruiting times across species and in the duration of peak fruiting reinforces the importance of understanding how plant phenology impacts dispersers and monitoring the health and consistency of these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S Gallinat
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA
| | - Richard B Primack
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA
| | - Charles G Willis
- Department of Biology Teaching and Learning, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55108, USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Harvard University Herbaria, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA
| | - Birgit Nordt
- Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universitat Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Albert-Dieter Stevens
- Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universitat Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Robert Fahey
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, USA
- The Morton Arboretum, Center for Tree Science, Lisle, Illinois, 60532, USA
| | - Alan T Whittemore
- U. S. National Arboretum, Washington, District of Columbia, 20002, USA
| | - Yanjun Du
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Zoe A Panchen
- Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z2, Canada
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Feng H, Xu M, Zheng X, Zhu T, Gao X, Huang L. microRNAs and Their Targets in Apple ( Malus domestica cv. "Fuji") Involved in Response to Infection of Pathogen Valsa mali. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:2081. [PMID: 29270184 PMCID: PMC5723928 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
miRNAs are important regulators involving in plant-pathogen interactions. However, their roles in apple tree response to Valsa canker pathogen (Valsa mali, Vm) infection were poorly understood. In this study, we constructed two miRNA libraries using the twig bark tissues of apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. "Fuji") inoculated with Vm (IVm) and PDA medium (control, BMd). Among all detected miRNAs, 23 miRNAs were specifically isolated from BMd and 39 miRNAs were specifically isolated from IVm. Meanwhile, the expression of 294 miRNAs decreased; and another 172 miRNAs showed an increased expression trend in IVm compared with that in BMd. Furthermore, two degradome sequencing libraries were also constructed to identify the target genes of these miRNAs. In total, 353 differentially expressed miRNAs between IVm and BMd were detected to be able to target 1,077 unigenes with 2,251 cleavage sites. Based on GO and KEGG analysis, these genes were found to be mainly related to transcription regulation and signal transduction. In addition, we selected 17 miRNAs and 22 corresponding target genes to screen the expression profiles when apple twigs were infected by Vm. The expression trends of most miRNAs/target genes were consist with the results of deep sequencing. Many of them may involve in the apple twig-Vm interaction by inducing/reducing their expression. What's more, miRNAs and their target genes regulate the apple twig-Vm interaction by forming many complicated regulation networks rather than one to one model. It is worth that a conserved miRNAs mdm-miR482b, which was down regulated in IVm compared with BMd, has 14 potential target genes, most of which are disease resistance related genes. This indicates that mdm-miR482b may play important roles in apple twig response to Vm. More important, the feedback regulation of sRNA pathway in apple twig is also very complex, and play critical role in the interaction between apple twig and Vm based on the results of expression analysis. In all, the results will provide insights into the crucial functions of miRNAs in the woody plant, apple tree-Vm interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lili Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Ohya I, Nanami S, Itoh A. Dioecious plants are more precocious than cosexual plants: A comparative study of relative sizes at the onset of sexual reproduction in woody species. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:5660-5668. [PMID: 28808545 PMCID: PMC5551102 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The reproductive capacities of dioecious plant species may be limited by severe pollen limitation and narrow seed shadows for the two reasons. First, they are unable to self-pollinate, and seed production occurs only with pollinator movement from males to females. Second, only 50% of the individuals in populations contribute to seed production. Despite these handicaps, dioecious plants maintain their populations in plant communities with cooccurring cosexual plants, and no substantial difference in population growth rates has been found between dioecious and cosexual plants. Hence, dioecious plants are thought to mitigate these disadvantages by adopting ecological traits, such as insect pollination, animal-dispersed fleshy fruits, and precocious flowering. We studied the relationship between flowering and plant size in 30 woody species with different sex expressions, leaf habits, fruit types, and maximum plant sizes. The study site was located in an evergreen broad-leaved forest on the island of Honshu, Japan. A phylogenetic linear regression model showed that dioecious species tended to mature at smaller sizes than did cosexual taxa. At the population level, given equal plant densities and reproductive efforts, the precocity of dioecious plants could serve as one of the factors that mitigate the limitations of pollen and seed-shadow handicaps by increasing the density of reproductive individuals in the population. At the individual level, smaller size of onset of flowering may play a role in enhancing reproductive success over a lifetime by increasing reproductive opportunities. We discussed the possible effect of the relationship between precocity and some ecological traits of dioecious plants, such as small flowers pollinated by unspecialized insects, fleshy fruit dispersed by animals, and their preferential occurrence in the tropics and in island habitats. The universality of precocity among dioecious plants should be investigated in diverse plant communities. Such studies will increase our understanding of the evolution of plant breeding systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itsuki Ohya
- Graduate School of ScienceOsaka City UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Satoshi Nanami
- Graduate School of ScienceOsaka City UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Akira Itoh
- Graduate School of ScienceOsaka City UniversityOsakaJapan
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Sun C, Wu T, Zhai L, Li D, Zhang X, Xu X, Ma H, Wang Y, Han Z. Reactive Oxygen Species Function to Mediate the Fe Deficiency Response in an Fe-Efficient Apple Genotype: An Early Response Mechanism for Enhancing Reactive Oxygen Production. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1726. [PMID: 27899933 PMCID: PMC5110569 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important signaling molecules in plants that contribute to stress acclimation. This study demonstrated that ROS play a critical role in Fe deficiency-induced signaling at an early stage in Malus xiaojinensis. Once ROS production has been initiated, prolonged Fe starvation leads to activation of ROS scavenging mechanisms. Further, we demonstrated that ROS scavengers are involved in maintaining the cellular redox homeostasis during prolonged Fe deficiency treatment. Taken together, our results describe a feedback repression loop for ROS to preserve redox homeostasis and maintain a continuous Fe deficiency response in the Fe-efficient woody plant M. xiaojinensis. More broadly, this study reveals a new mechanism in which ROS mediate both positive and negative regulation of plant responses to Fe deficiency stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohua Sun
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Physiology and Molecular Biology of Tree Fruit of Beijing, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Physiology and Molecular Biology of Tree Fruit of Beijing, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Longmei Zhai
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Physiology and Molecular Biology of Tree Fruit of Beijing, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Duyue Li
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Physiology and Molecular Biology of Tree Fruit of Beijing, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Xinzhong Zhang
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Physiology and Molecular Biology of Tree Fruit of Beijing, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Physiology and Molecular Biology of Tree Fruit of Beijing, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Huiqin Ma
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Physiology and Molecular Biology of Tree Fruit of Beijing, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Physiology and Molecular Biology of Tree Fruit of Beijing, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Zhenhai Han
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Physiology and Molecular Biology of Tree Fruit of Beijing, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
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Caño L, Fuertes-Mendizabal T, García-Baquero G, Herrera M, González-Moro MB. Plasticity to salinity and transgenerational effects in the nonnative shrub Baccharis halimifolia: Insights into an estuarine invasion. Am J Bot 2016; 103:808-820. [PMID: 27208349 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1500477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Abiotic constraints act as selection filters for plant invasion in stressful habitats. Adaptive phenotypic plasticity and transgenerational effects play a major role in colonization of heterogeneous habitats when the scale of environmental variation is smaller than that of gene flow. We investigated how plasticity and parental salinity conditions influence the performance of the invasive dioecious shrub Baccharis halimifolia, which replaces heterogeneous estuarine communities in Europe with monospecific and continuous stands. METHODS In two greenhouse experiments, we grew plants derived from seeds and cuttings collected through interspersed patches differing in edaphic salinity from an invasive population. We estimated parental environmental salinity from leaf Na(+) content in parental plants, and we measured fitness and ion homeostasis of the offspring grown in contrasting salinity conditions. KEY RESULTS Baccharis halimifolia tolerates high salinity but experiences drastic biomass reduction at moderate salinity. At moderate salinity, responses to salinity are affected by the parental salinity: flowering initiation in seedlings and male cuttings is positively correlated with parental leaf Na(+) content, and biomass is positively correlated with maternal leaf Na(+) in female cuttings and seedlings. Plant height, leaf production, specific leaf area, and ionic homeostasis at the low part of the gradient are also affected by parental salinity, suggesting enhanced shoot growth as parental salinity increases. CONCLUSIONS Our results support plasticity to salinity and transgenerational effects as factors with great potential to contribute to the invasive ability of B. halimifolia through estuarine communities of high conservation value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Caño
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU 48080 Bizkaia, Spain Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science 48160 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Teresa Fuertes-Mendizabal
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU 48080 Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Gonzalo García-Baquero
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU 48080 Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Mercedes Herrera
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU 48080 Bizkaia, Spain
| | - M Begoña González-Moro
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU 48080 Bizkaia, Spain
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Zhang S, Zhang Y, Cao Y, Lei Y, Jiang H. Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Populus cathayana Females Are More Sensitive and Respond More Sophisticatedly to Iron Deficiency than Males. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:840-50. [PMID: 26842668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that there are significant sexual differences in the morphological and physiological responses of Populus cathayana Rehder to nitrogen and phosphorus deficiencies, but little is known about the sex-specific differences in responses to iron deficiency. In this study, the effects of iron deficiency on the morphology, physiology, and proteome of P. cathayana males and females were investigated. The results showed that iron deficiency (25 days) significantly decreased height growth, photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, and tissue iron concentration in both sexes. A comparison between the sexes indicated that iron-deficient males had less height inhibition and photosynthesis system II or chloroplast ultrastructural damage than iron-deficient females. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis revealed that 144 and 68 proteins were decreased in abundance (e.g., proteins involved in photosynthesis, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, and gene expression regulation) and 78 and 39 proteins were increased in abundance (e.g., proteins involved in amino acid metabolism and stress response) according to the criterion of ratio ≥1.5 in females and males, respectively. A comparison between the sexes indicated that iron-deficient females exhibited a greater change in the proteins involved in photosynthesis, carbon and energy metabolism, the redox system, and stress responsive proteins. This study reveals females are more sensitive and have a more sophisticated response to iron deficiency compared with males and provides new insights into differential sexual responses to nutrient deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yunxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu 610041, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039, China
| | | | - Yanbao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu 610041, China
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Markku Larjavaara
- Viikki Tropical Resources Institute (VITRI), Department of Forest Sciences, PO Box 27, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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30
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Qian H. Patterns of frequency distribution of woody plant heights: a response to Scheffer et al. Trends Ecol Evol 2015; 30:497-8. [PMID: 25817476 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Qian H, Ricklefs RE. Bimodality of plant height: fact or artifact? A response to Scheffer et al. Trends Ecol Evol 2014; 30:6-7. [PMID: 25445874 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qian
- Research and Collections Center, Illinois State Museum, 1011 East Ash Street, Springfield, IL 62703, USA; College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Robert E Ricklefs
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121-4499, USA
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Chen MS, Pan BZ, Wang GJ, Ni J, Niu L, Xu ZF. Analysis of the transcriptional responses in inflorescence buds of Jatropha curcas exposed to cytokinin treatment. BMC Plant Biol 2014; 14:318. [PMID: 25433671 PMCID: PMC4272566 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0318-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jatropha curcas L. is a potential biofuel plant. Application of exogenous cytokinin (6-benzyladenine, BA) on its inflorescence buds can significantly increase the number of female flowers, thereby improving seed yield. To investigate which genes and signal pathways are involved in the response to cytokinin in J. curcas inflorescence buds, we monitored transcriptional activity in inflorescences at 0, 3, 12, 24, and 48 h after BA treatment using a microarray. RESULTS We detected 5,555 differentially expressed transcripts over the course of the experiment, which could be grouped into 12 distinct temporal expression patterns. We also identified 31 and 131 transcripts in J. curcas whose homologs in model plants function in flowering and phytohormonal signaling pathways, respectively. According to the transcriptional analysis of genes involved in flower development, we hypothesized that BA treatment delays floral organ formation by inhibiting the transcription of the A, B and E classes of floral organ-identity genes, which would allow more time to generate more floral primordia in inflorescence meristems, thereby enhancing inflorescence branching and significantly increasing flower number per inflorescence. BA treatment might also play an important role in maintaining the flowering signals by activating the transcription of GIGANTEA (GI) and inactivating the transcription of CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) and TERMINAL FLOWER 1b (TFL1b). In addition, exogenous cytokinin treatment could regulate the expression of genes involved in the metabolism and signaling of other phytohormones, indicating that cytokinin and other phytohormones jointly regulate flower development in J. curcas inflorescence buds. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a framework to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying changes in flowering traits in response to cytokinin treatment in J. curcas inflorescence buds. The results provide valuable information related to the mechanisms of cross-talk among multiple phytohormone signaling pathways in woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Sheng Chen
- />Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303 China
- />University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Bang-Zhen Pan
- />Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303 China
| | - Gui-Juan Wang
- />Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303 China
| | - Jun Ni
- />Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303 China
- />School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027 China
| | - Longjian Niu
- />Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303 China
- />School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027 China
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- />Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303 China
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Chong C, Edwards W, Pearson R, Waycott M. Sprouting and genetic structure vary with flood disturbance in the tropical riverine paperbark tree, Melaleuca leucadendra (Myrtaceae). Am J Bot 2013; 100:2250-2260. [PMID: 24186959 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1200614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Sprouting in woody plants promotes persistence in the face of disturbance, ultimately influencing population structure. Different disturbance regimes drive variable population responses, but there have been few direct tests of the relative differences in population structure to specific drivers. We measured population structure as genotypic diversity (clonality) as a function of hydrological regime for a riverine tree, Melaleuca leucadendra, a major structural component in flood landscapes in the Australian dry tropics. METHODS We estimated clonality, genotypic richness, and population allelic diversity. The relationship among disturbance, genetic estimates of clonality, and population distinctiveness was compared with flood regime, characterized by return frequencies and hydrological stress at individual river reaches. KEY RESULTS Two contrasting patterns of genotypic structure were detected and corresponded to order-of-magnitude differences in flood regime between sites. At mainstem locations characterized by greatest flood intensity, sprouting generated clonal structure to 17 m (30% ramets clonal). By contrast, clonality was atypical at lower-disturbance tributaries (0% clonal). Population allelic distributions showed extensive genetic exchange among mainstem locations, but strong genetic differentiation between mainstem and tributaries. CONCLUSIONS Population structure and distinctiveness in riverine Melaleuca are determined by differences in sprouting and recruitment responses that depend on localized hydrological regime. Sprouting contributes to population persistence via localized clonal growth. Resprouting following disturbance in M. leucadendra may help explain its numerical dominance in tropical river systems. This study, although preliminary, suggests that flood ecosystems may represent excellent experimental systems to develop a better understanding of whole-organism responses to environmental drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Chong
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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Endo I, Tange T, Osawa H. A cell-type-specific defect in border cell formation in the Acacia mangium root cap developing an extraordinary sheath of sloughed-off cells. Ann Bot 2011; 108:279-90. [PMID: 21712296 PMCID: PMC3143049 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcr139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Root caps release border cells, which play central roles in microbe interaction and root protection against soil stresses. However, the number and connectivity of border cells differ widely among plant species. Better understanding of key border-cell phenotype across species will help define the total function of border cells and associated genes. METHODS The spatio-temporal detachment of border cells in the leguminous tree Acacia mangium was investigated by using light and fluorescent microscopy with fluorescein diacetate, and their number and structural connectivity compared with that in soybean (Glycine max). KEY RESULTS Border-like cells with a sheet structure peeled bilaterally from the lateral root cap of A. mangium. Hydroponic root elongation partially facilitated acropetal peeling of border-like cells, which accumulate as a sheath that covers the 0- to 4-mm tip within 1 week. Although root elongation under friction caused basipetal peeling, lateral root caps were minimally trimmed as compared with hydroponic roots. In the meantime, A. mangium columella caps simultaneously released single border cells with a number similar to those in soybean. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that cell type-specific inhibitory factors induce a distinct defective phenotype in single border-cell formation in A. mangium lateral root caps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hiroki Osawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Terefe-Ayana D, Yasmin A, Le TL, Kaufmann H, Biber A, Kühr A, Linde M, Debener T. Mining disease-resistance genes in roses: functional and molecular characterization of the rdr1 locus. Front Plant Sci 2011; 2:35. [PMID: 22639591 PMCID: PMC3355636 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2011.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of roses with the leaf spot pathogen Diplocarpon rosae (the cause of black spot on roses) is an interesting pathosystem because it involves a long-lived woody perennial, with life history traits very different from most model plants, and a hemibiotrophic pathogen with moderate levels of gene flow. Here we present data on the molecular structure of the first monogenic dominant resistance gene from roses, Rdr1, directed against one isolate of D. rosae. Complete sequencing of the locus carrying the Rdr1 gene resulted in a sequence of 265,477 bp with a cluster of nine highly related TIR-NBS-LRR (TNL) candidate genes. After sequencing revealed candidate genes for Rdr1, we implemented a gene expression analysis and selected five genes out of the nine TNLs. We then silenced the whole TNL gene family using RNAi (Rdr1-RNAi) constructed from the most conserved sequence region and demonstrated a loss of resistance in the normally resistant genotype. To identify the functional TNL gene, we further screened the five TNL candidate genes with a transient leaf infiltration assay. The transient expression assay indicated a single TNL gene (muRdr1H), partially restoring resistance in the susceptible genotype. Rdr1 was found to localize within the muRdr1 gene family; the genes within this locus contain characteristic motifs of active TNL genes and belong to a young cluster of R genes. The transient leaf assay can be used to further analyze the rose black spot interaction and its evolution, extending the analyses to additional R genes and to additional pathogenic types of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diro Terefe-Ayana
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz University HannoverHannover, Germany
| | - Aneela Yasmin
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz University HannoverHannover, Germany
| | - Thanh Loan Le
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz University HannoverHannover, Germany
| | - Helgard Kaufmann
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz University HannoverHannover, Germany
| | - Anja Biber
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz University HannoverHannover, Germany
| | - Astrid Kühr
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz University HannoverHannover, Germany
| | - Marcus Linde
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz University HannoverHannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Debener
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz University HannoverHannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Thomas Debener, Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany. e-mail:
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Abstract
Using a transgenic citrus plant expressing Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) as a parent in somatic fusion experiments, we investigated the suitability of GFP as an in vivo marker to follow the processes of protoplast fusion, regeneration and selection of hybrid plants. A high level of GFP expression was detected in transgenic citrus protoplasts, hybrid callus, embryos and plants. It is demonstrated that GFP can be used for the continuous monitoring of the fusion process, localization of hybrid colonies and callus, and selection of somatic hybrid embryos and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. OLIVARES‐FUSTER
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Apartado Oficial 46113, Moncada (Valencia), Spain
| | - L. PEÑA
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Apartado Oficial 46113, Moncada (Valencia), Spain
| | - N. DURAN‐VILA
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Apartado Oficial 46113, Moncada (Valencia), Spain
| | - L. NAVARRO
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Apartado Oficial 46113, Moncada (Valencia), Spain
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