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Kiem PV, Nhiem NX, Tai BH, Anh HLT, Hang DTT, Cuc NT, Huyen LT, Nam NH, Yen PH, Thung DC, Minh CV. Bis-sesquiterpene from the Marine Sponge Dysidea fragilis. Nat Prod Commun 2016; 11:439-441. [PMID: 27396186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new sesquiterpenes and one new bis-sesquiterpene, named dysinidins C-E (1-3) along with three known sterols, dysideasterol F, 9α,l lα-epoxycholest-7-en-3β,5α,6α-triol, and 9α,11α-epoxycholest-7-en-3β,5α,6α,19-tetrol 6-acetate (4-6) were isolated from the Vietnamese marine sponge Dysidea fragilis (Montagu, 1814). Their structures were determined by 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopies and HR-ESI-MS, as well as by comparison with reported literature data. Compounds 4-6 were found to inhibit eight human cancer cell lines (KB, LU-1, HL-60, LNCaP, SK-Mel-2, HepG-2, MCF-7, and PC-3), with IC50 values ranging from 7.3 to 31.5 µM.
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Huang YL, Chu YL, Ho CT, Chung JG, Lai CI, Su YC, Kuo YH, Sheen LY. Antcin K, an Active Triterpenoid from the Fruiting Bodies of Basswood-Cultivated Antrodia cinnamomea, Inhibits Metastasis via Suppression of Integrin-Mediated Adhesion, Migration, and Invasion in Human Hepatoma Cells. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:4561-4569. [PMID: 25911944 DOI: 10.1021/jf5059304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous research demonstrated that the ethyl acetate extract from Antrodia cinnamomea suppresses the invasive potential of human breast and hepatoma cells, but the effective compounds are not identified. The main bioactive compounds of A. cinnamomea are ergostane-type triterpenoids, and the content of antcin K is the highest. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimetastatic activity and mechanisms of antcin K purified from the fruiting body of basswood-cultivated A. cinnamomea on human liver cancer Hep 3B cells. The results showed that adhesion, migration, and invasion of Hep 3B cells were effectively inhibited by antcin K within 24 h of treatment. Antcin K not only reduced the protein expression and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 but also down-regulated vimentin and up-regulated E-cadherin in Hep 3B cells. In depth investigation for the molecular mechanism revealed that antcin K could reduce the protein expression of integrin β1, β3, α5, and αv and suppress phosphorylation of FAK, Src, PI3K, AKT, MEK, ERK, and JNK. These results suggested that antcin K was able to inhibit the metastasis of human hepatoma cells through suppression of integrin-mediated adhesion, migration, and invasion. Coupled with these findings, antcin K has a good potential to reduce the risk of liver cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chi-Tang Ho
- ΔDepartment of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- §Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- ΠDepartment of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resourceσ, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Liu Y, Meng LZ, Xie SX, Xu TH, Sun LK, Liu TH, Xu YJ, Xu DM. Studies on chemical constituents of Ophiopogon japonicus. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2014; 16:982-990. [PMID: 25082464 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2014.935348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Two new and six known steroidal glucosides were isolated from the tuber of Ophiopogon japonicus. The new steroidal glucosides were established as (20R,25R)-26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-3β,26-dihydroxycholest-5-en-16,22-dioxo-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucopyranoside (1) and 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-5-en-3β,14α,17α,22α,26-pentaol-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucopyranoside (3) on the basis of spectroscopic data as well as chemical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- a Key Laboratory of Effective Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences , Changchun 130012 , China
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Mun B, Wang W, Kim H, Hahn D, Yang I, Won DH, Kim EH, Lee J, Han C, Kim H, Ekins M, Nam SJ, Choi H, Kang H. Cytotoxic 5α,8α-epidioxy sterols from the marine sponge Monanchora sp. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 38:18-25. [PMID: 25231340 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0480-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Three new sterols, 5α,8α-epidioxy-24-norcholesta-6,9(11),22-trien-3β-ol (1), 5α,8α-epidioxy-cholesta-6,9(11),24-trien-3β-ol (2), and 5α,8α-epidioxy-cholesta-6,23-dien-3β,25-diol (3), with four known sterols (4-7) were isolated from a marine sponge Monanchora sp. Their chemical structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1 and 3-7 showed moderate cytotoxicity against several human carcinoma cell lines including renal (A-498), pancreatic (PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2), and colorectal (HCT 116) cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Mun
- Center for Marine Natural Products and Drug Discovery, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, NS-80, Seoul, 151-747, Republic of Korea
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Ahmed R, Ali Z, Wu Y, Kulkarni S, Avery MA, Choudhary MI, Khan IA. Chemical characterization of a commercial Commiphora wightii resin sample and chemical profiling to assess for authenticity. Planta Med 2011; 77:945-950. [PMID: 21240842 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1250674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The gum resin of Commiphora wightii [(Hook. ex Stocks) Engl.] is an ayurvedic medicine for the treatment of arthritis, inflammation, obesity, lipid disorders, and cardiovascular diseases and is known as guggul. Morphologically, it is not easy to distinguish guggul from closely related gum resins of other plants. Reliability of the commercially available guggul is critical due to the high risk of adulteration. To check authenticity, a commercial guggul sample was investigated for its chemical markers and 17 metabolites were identified, including three new, 20(S),21-epoxy-3-oxocholest-4-ene (1), 8 β-hydroxy-3,20-dioxopregn-4,6-diene (2), and 5-(13' Z-nonadecenyl)resorcinol (17) from the ethyl acetate soluble part. During the current study, compounds 14- 17 were identified as constituents of Mangifera indica gum, as an adulterant in the commercial guggul sample. This discovery highlighted the common malpractices in the trade of medicinal raw material in the developing world. The structures of the compounds were deduced by the spectroscopic technique and chemical methods, as well as by comparison with the reported data. The structure of 20(S),21-epoxy-3-oxocholest-4-ene (1) was also unambiguously deduced by single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rida Ahmed
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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Wang W, Lee JS, Nakazawa T, Ukai K, Mangindaan REP, Wewengkang DS, Rotinsulu H, Kobayashi H, Tsukamoto S, Namikoshi M. (25S)-cholesten-26-oic acid derivatives from an Indonesian soft coral Minabea sp. Steroids 2009; 74:758-60. [PMID: 19375440 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2009.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Revised: 04/06/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
(25S)-3-Oxocholesta-1,4-dien-26-oic acid (1) and a new (25S)-18-acetoxy-3-oxocholesta-1,4-dien-26-oic acid (2) were isolated from a soft coral Minabea sp. (cf. aldersladei) collected in North Sulawesi, Indonesia, together with two known cholic-acid-type compounds, 3-oxochol-1,4-dien-24-oic acid (3) and 3-oxochol-4-en-24-oic acid (4). The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of their spectroscopic data. The absolute stereochemistry at C-25 of 2 was determined by comparative (1)H NMR study using chiral anisotropic reagents [(S)- and (R)-phenylglycine methyl esters]. This is the first to report compound 1 as a natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifang Wang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
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Sun J, Han LJ, Yang RY, Shi DY, Uan ZH, Shi JG. [Studies on chemical constituents of Laurencia tristicha ( II )]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2007; 32:2610-2612. [PMID: 18338599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To search for chemical constituents with structural diversity from Laurencia tristicha to supply for biological assay. METHOD Compounds were isolated by means of column chromatography over normal phase silica gel and Sephadex LH-20, recrystallization and HPLC. Structures were identified by spectroscopic methods including 1D NMR, IR and MS. Cytotoxicities of the purified compounds were evaluated by MTT method. RESULT Seven compounds were isolated from L. tristicha. Their structures were elucidated as cholesterol (1), cholesta- 5-en-3beta, 7alpha-diol (2), beta-stigmasterol (3), phytol (4), zeaxanthin (5), 4 -hydroxybenzaldehyde (6), indolyl-3-carbaldehyde (7). In the cytotoxic assay compound 2 was active against human cancer cell lines HCT-8, Bel-7402, BGc-823, A549 and HELA with IC50 values of 1.90, 2.02, 1.99, 6.52 and 1.20 microg x mL(-1), respectively. Compound 4 showed cytotoxicity against HCT-8 and HELA with IC50 value of 3.51 and 2.04 microg x mL(-1), and other compounds were inactive ( IC50 > 10 microg x mL(-1)). CONCLUSION Compounds 1-7 were isolated from L. tristicha for the first time. In additon, compounds 2 and 4 were cytotoxic against several human cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- College of Life Science, Ludong Univercity, Yantai 264025, China
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Smittenberg RH, Sachs JP. Purification of dinosterol for hydrogen isotopic analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1169:70-6. [PMID: 17897659 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2007] [Revised: 09/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A semi-preparative normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) method is presented for the purification of various alcohol fractions from total lipid extracts derived from sediments, for the purpose of hydrogen isotopic measurement by gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS). 4-methylsterols, including the dinoflagellate-specific marker dinosterol (4,23,24-trimethylcholestan-22-en-3beta-ol), were successfully separated from notoriously co-eluting plant-derived pentacyclic triterpenoid alcohols and alkyl alcohols. We find that substantial hydrogen isotope fractionation occurs during chromatographic separation, demonstrating the importance of recovering the entire peak when subsequent hydrogen isotope analyses are to be performed. This is the first report of such hydrogen isotopic fractionation for a natural unlabelled compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rienk H Smittenberg
- University of Washington, School of Oceanography, Box 355351, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Levina EV, Kalinovskiĭ AI, Dmitrenok PS. [Steroid compounds from the Far East starfish Pteraster obscurus and the ophiura Asteronyx loveni]. Bioorg Khim 2007; 33:365-70. [PMID: 17682394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Seven sulfated polyhydroxysteroids were isolated from the Far East starfish Pteraster obscurus and the ophiura (snake star) Asteronyx loveni (collected in the Sea of Okhotsk) and characterized: disodium and sodium salts of (20R)-24-methyl-2beta-hydroxycholesta-5,24(28)-diene-3alpha,21-diyl disulfate, (20R)-5alpha-cholestane-3beta,21-diyl disulfate, (20R)-3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-cholestan-21-yl sulfate, (20R)-cholest-5-ene-3beta,21-diyl disulfate, (20R)-2beta-hydroxycholest-5-ene-3alpha,21-diyl disulfate, (20R)-cholest-5-en-3beta-yl sulfate, and (20R)-5alpha-cholestan-3beta-yl sulfate. The first four compounds turned out to be new, whereas the others were identical to the known compounds. Structures of the isolated steroids were identified by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and other physicochemical methods. The compounds isolated from starfish are structurally similar to typical ophiuroid metabolites, which support the opinion of some taxonomists that starfish and ophiuroids are phylogenetically related classes.
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Levina EV, Kalinovskiĭ AI, Andriiashchenko PV, Menzorova NI, Dmitrenok PS. [Trofosides A and B and other cytostatic steroid-derived compounds from the Far East starfish Trofodiscus über]. Bioorg Khim 2007; 33:357-64. [PMID: 17682393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Three new polar steroids identified as trofoside A, (20R,24S)-24-O-(3-O-methyl-beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-3beta,6alpha,8,15beta,24-pentahydroxy-5alpha-cholestane, its 22(23)-dehydro derivative (trofoside B), and 15-sulfoxy-(20R,24S)-5alpha-cholestane-3beta,6beta,8,15alpha,24-pentaol sodium salt, were isolated from Trofodiscus uber starfish extracts collected in the Sea of Okhotsk. Two known compounds, trofoside A aglycone, (20R,24S)-3beta,6alpha,8,15beta,24-pentahydroxy-5alpha-cholestane, and triseramide, (20R,24R,25S,22E)-24-methyl-3beta,6alpha,8,15beta-tetrahydroxy-5alpha-cholest-22-en-27-oic acid (2-sulfoethyl)amide sodium salt, were also found. The structures of the isolated polyoxysteroids were established from their spectra. Minimal concentrations causing degradation of unfertilized egg-cells of the sea-urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius (C(min)) and terminating the cell division at the stage of the first division (C(min) embr.), as well as the concentrations causing 50% immobilization of sperm cells (ImC50) and inhibiting their ability to fertilize egg-cells by 50% (IC50) were determined for the isolated compounds. Of three compounds highly toxic in embryos and sea-urchin sperm cells, the polyol with a sulfo group in the steroid core was the most active; two glycosides with monosaccharide chains located at C3 and C24 atoms were less toxic. Note that all the compounds with the spermiotoxic activities differently affected the embryo development. The positions of monosaccharide residues in the core considerably influence the compound activity. For example, both mono- and double chained glycosides with the monosaccharide fragment at C3 and C24 atoms are active against sea-urchin sperm cells and embryos, whereas the C24 glycosylated trofoside A does not affect embryos and displays a poor spermiotoxicity.
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Saman D, Cvacka J, Svatos A, Bouman EAP, Kalinová B. Structural identification of an anthrasteroid hydrocarbon from the sheep tick Ixodes ricinus. J Nat Prod 2006; 69:1203-5. [PMID: 16933876 DOI: 10.1021/np0680127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A new anthrasteroid hydrocarbon was isolated from cuticular integument of engorged female Ixodes ricinus, and its structure was determined by interpretation of spectroscopic and nuclear magnetic resonance data as 14alpha(H)-1(10-->6)-abeo-cholesta-3,5,7,9(10)-tetraene (1).
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Affiliation(s)
- David Saman
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Femingovo nam. 2, CZ-166 10, Praha 6, Czech Republic
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12
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Zhu TT, Liang H, Zhao YY, Wang B. [Isolation and structure identification of C-25 epimers of inokosterone from Achyranthes bidentata Blume]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2004; 39:913-6. [PMID: 15696932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To isolate C-25 epimers of inokosterone from Achyranthes bidentata Blume. and identify their structures. METHODS To separate C-25 epimers of inokosterone by using various kinds of chromatography methods and identify their structures on basis of spectral analysis and chemical method. RESULTS Three compounds were isolated and their structures were established as 25S-inokosterone (1), 25R-inokosterone (2) and ecdysterone (3). CONCLUSION Compounds 1 and 2 are new C-25 configuration isomers from Achyranthes bidentata Blume., their absolute configurations are elucidated at the first time, and their 13CNMR data are reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Zhu
- Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
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Funel C, Berrué F, Roussakis C, Fernandez Rodriguez R, Amade P. New cytotoxic steroids from the Indian Ocean sponge Axinella cf. bidderi. J Nat Prod 2004; 67:491-494. [PMID: 15043442 DOI: 10.1021/np034021t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Four new sterols have been isolated from the marine sponge Axinella cf. bidderi, 17alpha-hydroxy-22,23-epoxy-24-methylcholest-5-en-3beta-ol (1) and 17alpha-hydroxy-22,23-epoxycholest-5-en-3beta-ol (2), together with 3 and 4, which possess respectively the cholestene and the cholestane skeleton with a cyclic enol ether linkage between C-18 and C-22. The structures were elucidated using spectroscopic data. The in vitro activity was evaluated against prostate, ovary, pancreas, colon, and lung cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Funel
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, UMR-CNRS 6001, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 02, France
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Jacob MR, Hossain CF, Mohammed KA, Smillie TJ, Clark AM, Walker LA, Nagle DG. Reversal of fluconazole resistance in multidrug efflux-resistant fungi by the Dysidea arenaria sponge sterol 9alpha,11alpha-epoxycholest-7-ene-3beta,5alpha,6alpha,19-tetrol 6-acetate. J Nat Prod 2003; 66:1618-1622. [PMID: 14695809 DOI: 10.1021/np030317n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The sponge sterol 9alpha,11alpha-epoxycholest-7-ene-3beta,5alpha,6alpha,19-tetrol 6-acetate (ECTA) (1) is the first marine natural product to reverse fluconazole resistance mediated by a Candida albicans MDR efflux pump. The IC(50) of fluconazole is decreased from 300 to 8.5 microM (35-fold enhancement) when combined with 1(3.8 microM). A revised C-6 configuration of 1 is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R Jacob
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677-1848, USA
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15
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Abstract
A new spiroketal steroid (2) was isolated from the Indian Ocean gorgonian, Gorgonella umbraculum besides the known briarane diterpenoids, juncellin, umbraculides A and D. The new steroid was characterised as 22-acetoxy-3,25-dihydroxy-16-24,20-24-bisepoxy-(3beta, 16alpha, 20S, 22R, 24S)cholest-5-ene (2) by a study of its spectral data.
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Abstract
A new ecdysteroid, zoanthusterone, has been isolated from a marine zoanthid, Zoanthus sp. Ten known ecdysteroids, ponasterone A, 20-hydroxyecdysone 2-acetate, viticosterone E, integristerone A 25-acetate, 2-deoxy-20-hydroxyecdysone, ecdysone, ajugasterone C, dacryhainansterone, inokosterone, and 20-hydroxyecdysone, have also been isolated. This is the first report of ecdysteroids in a Zoanthus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apichart Suksamrarn
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand.
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Bjorkhem I, Andersson U, Ellis E, Alvelius G, Ellegard L, Diczfalusy U, Sjovall J, Einarsson C. From brain to bile. Evidence that conjugation and omega-hydroxylation are important for elimination of 24S-hydroxycholesterol (cerebrosterol) in humans. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:37004-10. [PMID: 11463788 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m103828200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is the almost exclusive site of formation of 24S-hydroxycholesterol in man, and there is a continuous flux of this oxysterol across the blood-brain barrier into the circulation. The hepatic metabolism of 24S-hydroxycholesterol was studied here by three different approaches: incubation of tritium-labeled 24S-hydroxycholesterol with human primary hepatocytes, administration of tritium-labeled 24S-hydroxycholesterol to a human volunteer, and quantitation of free and conjugated 24S-hydroxycholesterol and its neutral metabolites in ileocecal fluid from patients with ileal fistulae. 24S-Hydroxycholesterol as well as 24R-hydroxycholesterol were converted into bile acids by human hepatocytes at a rate of about 40% of that of the normal intermediate in bile acid synthesis, 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol. There was also a conversion of 24S-hydroxycholesterol into conjugate(s) of 5-cholestene-3 beta,24S,27-triol at a rate similar to the that of conversion into bile acids. When administered to a human volunteer, labeled 24S-hydroxycholesterol was converted into bile acids at about half the rate of simultaneously administered labeled 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol. Free, sulfated, and glucuronidated 24S-hydroxycholesterol and 5-cholestene-3 beta,24,27-triol were identified in ileocecal fluid. The excretion of these steroids was about 3.5 mg/24 h, amounting to more than 50% of the total estimated flux of 24S-hydroxycholesterol from the brain. It is concluded that 24S-hydroxycholesterol is a less efficient precursor to bile acids and that about half of it is conjugated and eliminated in bile as such or as a conjugate of a 27-hydroxylated metabolite. The less efficient metabolism of 24S-hydroxycholesterol may explain the surprisingly high levels of this oxysterol in the circulation and is of interest in relation to the suggested role of 24S-hydroxycholesterol as a regulator of cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bjorkhem
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge University Hospital, S-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden.
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Xu S, He H, Guo S, Zeng L. [Isolation and identification of two novel polyhydroxylated sterol from Spongia obligue]. Zhong Yao Cai 2001; 24:172-4. [PMID: 12587170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Two novel sterols have been isolated from Spongia obligue collected from South China sea and their structure were identified as 24(28)-methylene-1,3,4,11-tetrohydroxycholest-5-en-18-oic acid and 24(28)-methylene-cholestene-5-en-1,3,8,11-tetraol respectively on the basic of the spectral data of MS, IR, 1HNMR and 13CNMR(DEPT).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guanzhou 510632
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Vanisree M, Subbaraju GV, Rao CB. Chemical constituents of Pseudopterogorgia species of the Indian ocean. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2001; 3:23-29. [PMID: 11355767 DOI: 10.1080/10286020108042835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A new ceramide, (2S,3R,4E)-1,3-dihydroxy-2-[(hexadecanoyl)amino]-nonadeca-4-ene (1), cholest-5-en-3beta,7beta,19-triol (2), identified as its, peracetyl derivative (3), and batyl alcohol (4) were isolated from Pseudopterogorgia species. 1 exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vanisree
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
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20
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Dong H, Gou YL, Kini RM, Xu HX, Chen SX, Teo SL, But PP. A new cytotoxic polyhydroxysterol from soft coral Sarcophyton trocheliophorum. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2000; 48:1087-9. [PMID: 10923847 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.48.1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new cytotoxic polyhydroxysterol, 23,24-dimethylcholest-16(17)-E-en-3beta,5alpha,6beta,2 0(S)-tetraol (2), together with nine known compounds was isolated from the soft coral Sarcophyton trocheliophorum. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. Compound 2 showed potent growth inhibitory activity against human HL60 leukemia, M14 skin melanoma, and MCF7 breast carcinoma cells with EC50 values of 2.8, 4.3, and 4.9 microg/ml, respectively, and exhibited minimal toxicity to normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Dong
- Bioscience Center. Department of Biological Science, Faculty of'Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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21
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Abstract
A new aminosteroid, 3beta-amino-22,26-epiminocholest-5-ene named sarachine (1), and two known flavonoids, eriodictyol (2) and 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-eriodictyol (3), were isolated from the leaves of Saracha punctata. The alkaloid was found to inhibit the growth of Leishmania braziliensis promastigotes (100% at 25 microM) and of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes in culture (50% at 25 microM) and showed a strong in vitro antiplasmodial activity with an IC50 of 25 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Moretti
- Institut Français de Recherche Scientifique pour le Développement en Coopération (ORSTOM), Unité de Recherche No. 45, 209-213 rue La Fayette 75480 Paris Cedex 10, France
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22
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Yoshida Y, Yamashita C, Noshiro M, Fukuda M, Aoyama Y. Sterol 14-demethylase P450 activity expressed in rat gonads: contribution to the formation of mammalian meiosis-activating sterol. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996; 223:534-8. [PMID: 8687430 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1996.0929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Sterol 14-demethylase P450 (P45014DM)-dependent formation of 4,4-dimethylcholesta-8,14,24-trienol, that has been reported for a mammalian meiosis-activating sterol, in rat ovaries was confirmed. Transient elevation of ovarian P45014DM activity, that might be related to the female sexual cycle of rat, was observed. The P45014DM activity of immature ovaries was induced by pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin. These facts suggest the contribution of ovarian P45014DM to the gonadotropin-dependent formation of the meiosis-activating sterol, and provide a clue to understanding the mechanism how gonadotropins initiate the resumption of meiosis of mammalian oocytes. It was also found that rat testicular P45014DM participated in the production of 4,4-dimethylcholesta-8,24-dienol that was reported for another meiosis-activated sterol isolated from bull testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yoshida
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
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23
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Brill GM, Kati WM, Montgomery D, Karwowski JP, Humphrey PE, Jackson M, Clement JJ, Kadam S, Chen RH, McAlpine JB. Novel triterpene sulfates from Fusarium compactum using a rhinovirus 3C protease inhibitor screen. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1996; 49:541-6. [PMID: 8698636 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.49.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Two novel triterpene sulfates have been isolated from Fusarium compactum by bioactivity-directed fractionation using an assay which measures the inhibition of proteolytic activity of rhinovirus 3C protease on a fluorogenic peptide substrate. The compounds were purified by countercurrent and reverse phase chromatographies. NMR, MS, UV and IR studies revealed two triterpene sulfates, uncommon metabolites of terrestrial fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Brill
- Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Il. 60064, USA
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24
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Gunasekera SP, Kelly-Borges M, Longley RE. A new cytotoxic sterol methoxymethyl ether from a deep water marine sponge Scleritoderma sp. cf. paccardi. J Nat Prod 1996; 59:161-162. [PMID: 8991949 DOI: 10.1021/np9600311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
24(R)-Methyl-5 alpha-cholest-7-enyl 3 beta-methoxymethyl ether (1), a new sterol ether, has been isolated from a deep-water marine sponge Scleritoderma sp. cf. paccardi. Compound 1 exhibited in vitro cytotoxicity against the cultured murine P-388 tumor cell line with an IC50 of 2.3 micrograms/mL. The isolation and structure elucidation of 1 by NMR spectroscopy is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Gunasekera
- Division of Biomedical Marine Research, Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Inc., Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, USA
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25
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Abstract
The sterol composition of the Caribbean sponge Neofibularia nolitangere has been investigated. In addition to usual sterols this sponge elaborates comparable amounts of 24-methylene-4 alpha-methyl-5 alpha-cholest-8-en-3 beta-ol (1), which is very unusual among sponge sterols, and lesser quantities of two new polyoxygenated sterols, (24S)-24-ethyl-5 alpha-cholest-8-ene-5,6 beta,7 alpha-triol (2) and (24S)-24-ethyl-5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-ene-5,6 beta,7 alpha-triol (3).
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Affiliation(s)
- V Costantino
- Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali, Naples, Italy
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26
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Shoji N, Umeyama A, Takei M, Arihara S. Potent inhibitors of histamine release: polyhydroxylated sterols from the Okinawan soft coral Sinularia abrupta. J Pharm Sci 1994; 83:761-2. [PMID: 7520938 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600830534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A new polyhydroxylated steroid (24-methylene-1 alpha, 3 beta, 11 alpha-trihydroxycholest-5-ene-18-oic acid-3-acetate, 1) and known related compounds (2-4) from the soft coral Sinularia abrupta have potently inhibited histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells induced by anti-immunoglobulin E. The inhibitory effect of 1 was approximately 6500 times stronger than that of disodium cromoglycate, a well-known antiallergic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shoji
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Japan
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27
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Abstract
Six new delta 8- and delta 8(14)-5 alpha,6 alpha-epoxysterols (1-6) have been isolated from a collection of the Mediterranean sponge Spongia officinalis. The structures of the new metabolites, isolated as diacetate derivatives, have been determined by spectral analyses and an x-ray diffraction experiment performed on the diacetyl derivative of 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Migliuolo
- Dipartimenti di Chimica Organica e Biologica, Università di Napoli, Italy
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28
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Burmeister HR, Vesonder RF. Production of a novel steroid sulfate metabolite [4,4,24-trimethylcholesta-8,14,24(28)-trien-2 alpha,3 beta,11 alpha,12 beta-tetrol 12-acetate, 3-sulfate] by Fusarium species and its biological activity. Appl Environ Microbiol 1990; 56:3209-12. [PMID: 2285323 PMCID: PMC184923 DOI: 10.1128/aem.56.10.3209-3212.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel steroid sulfate, 4,4,24-trimethylcholesta-8,14-24(28)-trien-2 alpha,3 beta,11 alpha,12 beta- tetrol 12-acetate, 3-sulfate, was discovered in Fusarium spp. Forty Fusarium strains belonging to F. sporotrichioides, F. chlamydosporum, E. equiseti, F. acuminatum, F. sambucinum, F. culmorum, and F. graminearum produced the steroid on white corn grits at 25 degrees C for 20 days. This steroid sulfate is one of the more abundant and easily attainable microbial steroids. At a concentration of 160 micrograms/ml, it inhibited the growth of six fungi, two gram-positive bacteria, and an alga, as well as the germination of both wheat and tomato seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Burmeister
- Northern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604
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29
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Abstract
A fraction of 20-isosterols has been isolated from the Baltic Sea bivalve Macoma balthica. The main component of this fraction, (20S)-cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, has been characterized by 300 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 20-Isosterols in M balthica probably originate from sea-bottom sediments, an important component of a diet of the animal studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jarzebski
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot
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30
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Thierry-Palmer M, Richardson KA, Schnoes HK, Yamada S, Free AL. Identification of 8 alpha,25-dihydroxy-9,10-seco-4,6,10(19)-cholestatrien-3-one as a product of metabolism of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol by liver microsomes. Arch Biochem Biophys 1990; 277:277-82. [PMID: 2310195 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(90)90579-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ability of liver microsomes, sites of synthesis of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, to further metabolize 25-hydroxycholecalciferol has been assessed. When liver microsomes were incubated with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in the presence of cytosol, a metabolite was isolated that comigrated with 8 alpha,25-dihydroxy-9,10-seco-4,6,10(19)-cholestatrien-3- one in three different chromatographic systems. The ultraviolet spectrum (220-350 nm) and mass spectrum of the purified metabolite were identical to that of synthetic 8 alpha,25-dihydroxy-9,10-seco-4,6,10(19)-cholestatrien-3-one. This study indicates that liver microsomes convert 25-hydroxycholecalciferol to 8 alpha,25-dihydroxy-9,10-seco-4,6,10(19)-cholestatrien-3-one. The significance of this metabolite, which has been shown previously by others to be produced by alveolar macrophages, has yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Thierry-Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30310
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31
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Abstract
The CHCl3 extract of the Mediterranean sponge Clathrina clathrus was shown to contain three new sterols: (22 E)-3 beta-hydroxycholesta-5,8,22-trien-7-one (1), (22 E, 24 xi)-3 beta-hydroxy-24-methylcholesta-5,8,22-trien-7-one (2), and (22 E, 24 xi)-3 beta-hydroxy-24-ethylcholesta-5,8,22-trien-7-one (3), whose structures were elucidated on the basis of physico-chemical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aiello
- Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali, Napoli, Italy
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32
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Abstract
A novel epoxy sterol isolated from the marine mollusc Planaxis sulcatus has been identified as 9 alpha,11 alpha-epoxycholest-7-ene-3 beta,5 alpha,6 beta-triol by spectrometric methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, TX 77004
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33
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Chu A, Schroepfer GJ. Inhibitors of sterol synthesis. Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography for the separation of cholesterol, 5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-3 beta-ol-15-one, and their fatty acid esters. J Lipid Res 1988; 29:235-9. [PMID: 3367091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A relatively simple and rapid method was required for the separation of 5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-3 beta-ol-15-one, a potent inhibitor of sterol synthesis, from its major metabolites. Conditions have been determined which permit the resolution of the 15-ketosterol and cholesterol and fatty acid esters of the two sterols by reverse phase high performance chromatography. This methodology also permits the resolution of the major esters of the 15-ketosterol and of cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chu
- Department of Biochemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251
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34
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Yamada S, Yamamoto K, Takayama H, Hayashi T, Miyaura C, Tanaka H, Abe E, Suda T. Isolation, identification, and chemical synthesis of 8 alpha,25-dihydroxy-9,10-seco-4,6,10(19)-cholestatrien-3-one. A new metabolite of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 produced by mouse myeloid leukemia cells (M1). J Biol Chem 1987; 262:12939-44. [PMID: 3477540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that phagocytic cells such as monocyte-macrophages and myeloid leukemia cells metabolize 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to 10-oxo-19-nor-25-hydroxyvitamin D3. Now we have found that phagocytic cells metabolize 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 not only to 10-oxo-19-nor-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 but also to a new metabolite eluted just after 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on straight phase high pressure liquid chromatography with a 2-propanol-hexane solvent system. The new metabolite, produced by murine myeloid leukemia cells (M1), was isolated in pure form and identified as 8,25-dihydroxy-9,10-seco-4,6,10(19)-cholestatrien-3-one on the basis of mass, ultraviolet, infrared, and proton magnetic resonance spectra. The 8 alpha-hydroxy epimer of the putative metabolite was chemically synthesized in two steps starting from 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. The spectral data and chromatographic behavior of chemically synthesized 8 alpha,25-dihydroxy-9,10-seco-4,6,10(19)-cholestatrien-3-one coincided exactly with those of the isolated metabolite, indicating that the stereochemistry of the hydroxyl group at the 8-position is alpha. On the basis of the structural characteristics of the two metabolites produced from 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (the present metabolite and 10-oxo-19-nor-25-hydroxyvitamin D3), it is suggested that dioxygenases are involved in the production of these metabolites from 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in phagocytic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yamada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Kanagawa, Japan
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35
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Abstract
The sterol mixture isolated from the marine alga Eutreptia viridis consists mainly of delta 5,7-dienes which account for 80% of the free sterols. Eighteen different sterols were detected, including a novel sterol with the rare delta 23-unsaturation, viz. 24-ethylcholesta-5,7,23Z-trien-3 beta-o1.
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36
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Zielinski J, Milkova T, Popov S, Marekov N, Djerassi C. Minor and trace sterols in marine invertebrates. Isolation and structure elucidation of 24-methyl-5 alpha-cholesta-7,9(11), 24(28)-trien-3 beta-ol, the first naturally occurring delta 7,9(11) unsaturated marine sterol. Steroids 1982; 39:675-80. [PMID: 7157438 DOI: 10.1016/0039-128x(82)90138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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37
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Sjöstrand U, Kornprobst JM, Djerassi C. Minor and trace sterols from marine invertebrates 29. (22E)-ergosta-5,22,25-trien-3 beta-ol and (22E,24R)-24,26-dimethylcholesta-5,22,25(27)-trien-3 beta-ol. Two new marine sterols from the sponge Pseudaxinella lunacharta. Steroids 1981; 38:355-64. [PMID: 7303039 DOI: 10.1016/0039-128x(81)90070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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38
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Abstract
26-Hydroxyecdysone, which is the major free recoverable ecdysteroid of older age groups of embryonated eggs of the tobacco hornworm was also the major component in 4- to 18-hour-old embryonated eggs. The other 3 beta-ecdysteroids, ecdysone, 20-hydroxyecdysone, and 20,26-dihydroxy-ecdysone, were also present and accounted for all the molting hormone activity; 26-hydroxyecdysone was devoid of molting hormone activity in the house fly assay. 20-Hydroxyecdysone was a minor component, which confirms the earlier observations that the main metabolic route for ecdysteroids during embryonic development is that leading to 26-hydroxyecdysone, whereas formation of 20-hydroxyecdysone is a minor pathway. A new 3 alpha-ecdysteroid, 3-epi-26-hydroxyecdysone, also devoid of molting hormone activity, was the second major ecdysteroid isolated from the eggs. 3-Epi-20,26-dihydroxyecdysone was detected in very minute amounts. In addition to the six 3 beta-and 3 alpha-ecdysteroids there were at least an equivalent number of unknown ecdysteroids all of which lacked molting hormone activity. Their physical properties including chromatographic behavior are discussed.
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39
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Ripperger H. [Isolation of stigmast-4-ene-3,6-dione from Hamelia patens and Clitoria ternatea]. Pharmazie 1978; 33:82-3. [PMID: 674284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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40
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Hikino H. Ecdysterone and ecdysone from Polypodium virginianum. Lloydia 1976; 39:246-7. [PMID: 957914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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41
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Sakurai K, Ishii H, Kobayashi S, Iwao T. Isolation of 4 beta-hydroxywithanolide E, a new withanolide from Physalis peruviana L. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1976; 24:1403-5. [PMID: 1021295 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.24.1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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42
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Shimizu Y, Alam M, Kobayashi A. Letter: Dinosterol, the major sterol with a unique side chain ion the toxic dinoflagellate, Gonyaulax tamarensis. J Am Chem Soc 1976; 98:1059-60. [PMID: 942735 DOI: 10.1021/ja00420a054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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43
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Gagosian RB, Bourbonniere RA. Isolation and purification of the molting hormones from the American lobster (Homarus americanus). Comp Biochem Physiol B 1976; 53:155-61. [PMID: 1253552 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(76)90027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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44
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Flanagan VP, Ferretti A, Schwartz DP, Ruth JM. Characterization of two steroidal ketones and two isoprenoid alcohols in dairy products. J Lipid Res 1975; 16:97-101. [PMID: 1168685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Two steroidal ketones, delta-4-cholesten-3-one and delta-3,-5-cholestadiene-7-one, were isolated and identified for the first time in anhydrous milk fat and in nonfat dry milk. Together with these, two isoprenoid alcohols, phytol and dihydrophytol, were identified in anhydrous milk fat. Their identities were established on the basis of chromatographic and mass spectral data and confirmed by comparison with authentic materials.
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45
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Abstract
Cholest-5-ene-3beta,26-diol, isolated from human brain, was further characterized by oxidation to 3-oxocholest-4-en-26-ol and to 3-oxocholest-4-en-26-oic acid. Identification was achieved by comparison (by t.l.c., g.l.c. and g.l.c.-mass spectrometry) with corresponding reference compounds derived from kryptogenin.
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46
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Björkhem I, Danielsson H. Assay of liver microsomal cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase using deuterated carrier and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 1974; 59:508-16. [PMID: 4838781 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(74)90304-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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47
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48
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49
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Vidrine DW, Martin CH, Nicholas HJ. Isolation and tentative characterization of a trace fluorescent lipid from bovine, rat and rabbit brain. FEBS Lett 1973; 33:331-4. [PMID: 4738058 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(73)80223-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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50
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Kawamura N, Taketomi T. Characterization of by-products derived from cholesterol during methanolysis and simultaneous quantitative analysis of cholesterol and fatty acids by gas-liquid chromatography. Jpn J Exp Med 1973; 43:157-62. [PMID: 4541515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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