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Sinha S, Tarini S, Panchal B, Mishra DK. Subconjunctival Dirofilaria masquerading as nodular scleritis. BMJ Case Rep 2024; 17:e259519. [PMID: 38782433 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-259519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A man in his late 50s presented with a gradually enlarging, painless, reddish mass on the white portion of his left eye for 2 weeks. His best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. Slit-lamp examination showed a congested, nodular, elevated lesion on the temporal bulbar conjunctiva with two pustule-like elevations. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography showed a subconjunctival solid mass rather than an abscess or a cyst. Scleral deroofing was performed and a long thread-like object resembling a dead worm was identified. The worm was removed intact, and its histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of Dirofilaria Peripheral blood smear did not show any microfilariae. No recurrences or new lesions were observed during the follow-up examinations at 1 and 5 months post-surgery. This case highlights the importance of considering a parasitic aetiology in cases of nodular or infectious scleritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloni Sinha
- Academy for Eye Care Education, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Shilpa Tarini
- Shantilal Shanghvi Cornea Institute, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Bhavik Panchal
- Vitreoretina and Uveitis Service, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Dilip K Mishra
- Ophthalmic Pathology Laboratory, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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2
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Beucler
- Neurosurgery Department, Sainte-Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon, France
- Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Faustino Torrico
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Mayor de San Simon, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - David Hibbert
- Department of Internal Medicine, UC San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, California, United States of America
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Wei X, Liu B, Li Y, Wang K, Gao L, Yang Y. A human corneal ulcer caused by Thelazia callipaeda in Southwest China: case report. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:3531-3534. [PMID: 32827103 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06850-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we describe a rare human case with corneal ulcer caused by thelaziosis in a 69-year-old man in Southwest China. A male nematode was discovered and removed from the patient's right eye with a long spicule and further identified by sequencing mitochondrial cox1 gene. The ophthalmologic and molecular biological evidence demonstrates the corneal ulcer caused by T. callipaeda infection, which is mainly distributed in Asian and European countries. Most T. callipaeda infections are emerged in the conjunctiva, leading to conjunctivitis. To the best knowledge of the authors, corneal ulcers caused by T. callipaeda have not been reported yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxing Wei
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijian Li
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Wang
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixia Gao
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuli Yang
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
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Wesołowska M, Zając-Pytrus H, Masny A, Pytrus W, Knysz B, Golab E, Sałamatin R. Onchocerca jakutensis ocular infection in Poland: a new vector-borne human health risk? Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:61. [PMID: 32051010 PMCID: PMC7017525 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-3925-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zoonotic onchocerciasis is a vector-borne disease, which involves many animal species, including large ungulates, boars, dogs, and sporadically, humans. So far, 39 cases of zoonotic onchocerciasis have been reported worldwide, 30 of which have been found in the last 20 years. Onchocerca nematodes are transmitted to humans by blood-sucking vectors during a blood meal. The following species have been responsible for zoonotic infections: Onchocerca cervicalis, O. dewittei japonica, O. gutturosa, O. jakutensis and O. lupi. In humans, the worms have usually been found in the subcutaneous tissues where they form subcutaneous nodules, induce inflammation of musculature, or penetrate the eye. Thirteen ocular zoonotic onchocerciasis cases have been reported so far. In the eye, nematodes were localized in the subconjunctival space, anterior chamber and within the vitreous body. METHODS In a 39-year-old male patient, a writhing worm in the vitreous body of the left eye was detected and surgically removed. Laboratory identification of the worm was based on macroscopic and molecular identification, based on sequencing of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1). Phylogenetic analysis of the first 250 nucleotide sequences showing the highest levels of similarity with the present isolate in a BLAST analysis was performed. RESULTS Here, we report the first case worldwide of human ocular infection with O. jakutensis, a natural parasite of red deer. By exploiting a PCR assay, we detected the sequence almost identical to O. jakutensis (GenBank: KT001213.1; positions 1-650) with a single mismatch G/A at position 622. The sequence reported in this paper was deposited in the GenBank database under the accession number MK491767. CONCLUSIONS Our case together with the previous case reports indicate that zoonotic Onchocerca worms exhibit no tissue specificity and an eye infection has been described in over one third of human zoonotic onchocerciasis cases. In terms of the growing number of cases of zoonotic onchocerciasis in Europe, the USA and Japan, attention should be paid to the diagnosis of subcutaneous nodules and eye infestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wesołowska
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Hanna Zając-Pytrus
- Department and Clinic of Ophthalmology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
- Ophthalmology Clinical Centre SPEKTRUM, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksander Masny
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Pytrus
- Department and Clinic of Ophthalmology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Brygida Knysz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Liver Diseases and Acquired Immune Deficiencies, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Golab
- Department of Parasitology and Vector-Borne Diseases, National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rusłan Sałamatin
- Department of Parasitology and Vector-Borne Diseases, National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Sato C, Sasaki M, Nabeta H, Tomioka M, Uga S, Nakao M. A Philophthalmid Eyefluke from a Human in Japan. J Parasitol 2019; 105:619-623. [PMID: 31418651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Philophthalmid eyeflukes are cosmopolitan parasites of birds and occasionally of mammals, including humans. A gravid adult of Philophthalmus sp. was found from the bulbar conjunctiva of a 64-yr-old woman in Japan, who was diagnosed with acute conjunctivitis. The parasite was morphologically most similar to Philophthalmus hegeneri, but distinctive in lacking an esophagus and in having clearly lobed testes. The DNA sequence analysis of genes for nuclear 28S ribosomal RNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 supported the identification at generic level. The morphological and molecular analyses strongly suggest that the eyefluke from a human in Japan should be treated as an undescribed species of Philophthalmus. The occurrence of human philophthalmosis is very rare. As far as we know, a total of 11 human cases have been reported worldwide to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitoshi Sato
- 1 Okazaki Health Center, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8545, Japan
| | - Mizuki Sasaki
- 2 Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | | | - Masae Tomioka
- 4 Okazaki Medical Association Public Health Center, Okazaki, Aichi 444-0875, Japan
| | - Shoji Uga
- 5 Faculty of Nursing, Kobe Women's University, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0046, Japan
| | - Minoru Nakao
- 2 Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
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Pérez Dieste JM, Castroviejo Bolíbar M, Sánchez Servate C. Ophthalmomyasis by Oestrus ovis. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) 2018; 93:e75. [PMID: 30086983 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J M Pérez Dieste
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Quironsalud Hospital Costa Adeje, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Islas Canarias, España.
| | - M Castroviejo Bolíbar
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, La Coruña, España
| | - C Sánchez Servate
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Quironsalud Hospital Costa Adeje, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Islas Canarias, España
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Affiliation(s)
- V Velev
- University Hospital for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases "Prof. Iv. Kirov", Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - O Mikov
- National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Karakuş M, Aykur M, Özbel Y, Töz S, Dağcı H. Molecular detection and genotyping of Acanthamoeba spp. among stray dogs using conjunctival swab sampling. Acta Trop 2016; 164:23-26. [PMID: 27545086 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba is one of the most common free-living amoebas (FLA) that present in environment. In humans, Acanthamoeba can cause an infection of the eye termed Acanthamoeba keratitis, which mostly occurs in contact lens wearers. In the present study, we aimed to screen the presence of Acanthamoeba DNA in stray dogs using previously collected conjunctival swab samples in a hyper-endemic area for canine leishmaniasis. Totally, 184 dogs were included in the study and 27 of them (14.6%) were found positive for Acanthamoeba according to the 18s rRNA gene sequencing. Two different genotypes (T4 and T5) were identified and T5 was firstly reported in Turkey in the present study. Statistical analysis was performed and no correlation was found between Leishmania and Acanthamoeba positivity (P<0.05). To best of our knowledge, this is the first study conducted to screen Acanthamoeba among stray dogs. Further studies are necessary to reveal the infection status and genotypes among dogs and its possible correlation with leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Karakuş
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, İzmir, Turkey; Near East University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Molecular Biology and Genetic, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Mehmet Aykur
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Özbel
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Seray Töz
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Hande Dağcı
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, İzmir, Turkey
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungmin Huh
- Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
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11
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Derrick T, Last AR, Burr SE, Roberts CH, Nabicassa M, Cassama E, Bailey RL, Mabey DCW, Burton MJ, Holland MJ. Inverse relationship between microRNA-155 and -184 expression with increasing conjunctival inflammation during ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:60. [PMID: 26842862 PMCID: PMC4739388 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1367-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trachoma, a preventable blinding eye disease, is initiated by ocular infection with Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct). We previously showed that microRNAs (miR) -147b and miR-1285 were up-regulated in inflammatory trachomatous scarring. During the initial stage of disease, follicular trachoma with current Ct infection, the differential expression of miR has not yet been investigated. METHODS Conjunctival samples were collected from 163 children aged 1-9 years old living in a trachoma-endemic region of Guinea Bissau, West Africa. Small RNA sequencing (RNAseq) was carried out on samples from five children with follicular trachoma and current Ct infection and five children with healthy conjunctivae and no Ct infection. Small RNAseq was also carried out on human epithelial cell lines infected with ocular Ct strains A2497 and isogenic plasmid-free A2497 in vitro. Results were validated by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in 163 clinical samples. RESULTS Differential expression of RNAseq data identified 12 miR with changes in relative expression during follicular trachoma, of which 9 were confirmed as differentially expressed by qPCR (miR-155, miR-150, miR-142, miR-181b, miR-181a, miR-342, miR-132, miR-4728 and miR-184). MiR-155 and miR-184 expression had a direct relationship with the degree of clinical inflammation. MiR-155 was up-regulated (OR = 2.533 ((95 % CI = 1.291-4.971); P = 0.0069) and miR-184 was down-regulated (OR = 0.416 ((95 % CI = 0.300-0.578); P = 1.61*10(-7)) as the severity of clinical inflammation increased. Differential miR expression was not detected in HEp-2 or HCjE epithelial cells 48 h post infection with Ct in vitro. HCjE cells, a conjunctival epithelial cell line, had a markedly different miR background expression compared to HEp-2 cells. CONCLUSIONS In follicular trachoma, expression of miR-155 and miR-184 is correlated with the severity of inflammation. This likely reflects host regulation of the immune response and a prolonged period of wound healing following the clearance of Ct. Prolonged healing may be associated with subsequent development of scarring trachoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamsyn Derrick
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Anna R Last
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Sarah E Burr
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
- Disease Control and Elimination Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, Fajara, The Gambia.
| | - Chrissy H Roberts
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Meno Nabicassa
- Programa Nacional de Saúde de Visão, Ministério de Saúde Publica, Bissau, Guinea Bissau.
| | - Eunice Cassama
- Programa Nacional de Saúde de Visão, Ministério de Saúde Publica, Bissau, Guinea Bissau.
| | - Robin L Bailey
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
| | - David C W Mabey
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Matthew J Burton
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Martin J Holland
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
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Ivanova IB, Trotsenko OE, Karavianskaia TN, Ganushkina LA. [Human dirofilariasis in the city of Khabarovsk]. Med Parazitol (Mosk) 2013:18-20. [PMID: 25924277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Chen YH, Xie C, Yao LN. [One case of Thelazia callipaeda infection in eye conjunctival sac]. Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi 2013; 31:Inside front cover. [PMID: 24812849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Viriyavejakul P, Krudsood S, Monkhonmu S, Punsawad C, Riganti M, Radomyos P. Thelazia callipaeda: a human case report. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2012; 43:851-856. [PMID: 23077806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a rare case of human thelaziasis. A 31-year-old man from Nakhon Pathom, Thailand presented to the hospital with a foreign body sensation in and excessive lacrimation from the right eye for one week. His visual acuity was normal. He gave a history of a fly flying around his face; he then rubbed it against his right eye. Five adult worms were collected from the right eye. Two were removed by the patients and three were removed on the ward, using a small cotton swab, from the conjunctival sac. All five worms were identified morphologically as Thelazia callipaeda. The patient became free of symptoms after the fifth worm was removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parnpen Viriyavejakul
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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de Almeida Ferreira S, Leite RS, Ituassu LT, Almeida GG, Souza DM, Fujiwara RT, de Andrade ASR, Melo MN. Canine skin and conjunctival swab samples for the detection and quantification of Leishmania infantum DNA in an endemic urban area in Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1596. [PMID: 22506084 PMCID: PMC3323509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated kDNA PCR/hybridization and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) targeting the gene of DNA polymerase of Leishmania infantum for CVL diagnosis and assessment of parasite load in clinical samples obtained invasively and non-invasively. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Eighty naturally infected dogs from an endemic urban area in Brazil were used. Animals were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of CVL clinical sings. Skin biopsies, bone marrow, blood and conjunctival swabs samples were collected and submitted to L. infantum DNA detection. In addition, anti-Leishmania antibody titers were measured by Immunofluorescence antibody test. The symptomatic dogs had increased titers compared to asymptomatic dogs (P = 0.025). The frequencies of positive results obtained by kDNA PCR/hybridization for asymptomatic and symptomatic dogs, respectively, were as follows: right conjunctiva, 77.5% and 95.0%; left conjunctiva, 75.0% and 87.5%; skin, 45.0% and 75.0%; bone marrow, 50.0% and 77.5%; and blood, 27.5% and 22.5%. In both groups, the parasite load in the skin samples was the highest (P<0.0001). The parasite loads in the conjunctival swab and bone marrow samples were statistically equivalent within each group. The parasite burden in conjunctival swabs was higher in the dogs with clinical signs than in asymptomatic dogs (P = 0.028). This same relationship was also observed in the bone marrow samples (P = 0.002). No differences in amastigotes load in the skin were detected between the groups. CONCLUSIONS The conjunctival swab is a suitable clinical sample for qualitative molecular diagnosis of CVL. The highest parasite burdens were detected in skin regardless of the presence of VL-associated clinical signs. The qPCR results emphasized the role of dogs, particularly asymptomatic dogs, as reservoirs for CVL because of the high cutaneous parasite loads. These results may help to explain the maintenance of high transmission rates and numbers of CVL cases in endemic urban regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney de Almeida Ferreira
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Souza Leite
- Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear, Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear, Campus da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Leonardo Trindade Ituassu
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Gregório Guilherme Almeida
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Daniel Menezes Souza
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Antero Silva Ribeiro de Andrade
- Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear, Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear, Campus da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Maria Norma Melo
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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Lan WM, Jiang WS, Dai KJ. [A case of Thelazia callipaeda infection]. Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi 2011; 29:133. [PMID: 21826901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Khoramnia
- Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Tenkir A, Tibebu T. Leech on the eye in a child. Ethiop Med J 2010; 48:177-180. [PMID: 20608022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE to present the case of a 4-year-old girl with leech infestation of the ocular surface. DESIGN observational case report. RESULTS a 4-year-old girl presented with a two-day history of bleeding from the left eye. Examination under anesthesia revealed a leech adhering to the cornea and bulbar conjunctiva. Irrigation with normal saline released the leech from the conjunctiva. Detaching from the cornea was successful after injection of suxamethonium 50 mg/ml into the worm. CONCLUSIONS The possibility of leech infestation need to be considered in the differential diagnosis of open-globe injury with prolapse of uveal tissue. The use of a muscle relaxant for leech removal was not previously documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addis Tenkir
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jimma University, Ethiopia
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Limaiem R, Mnasri H, El Maazi A, Ammari H, Chaabouni A, Mghaieth F, El Matri L. [Severe infectious keratitis in renal transplant patient: a case report]. Nephrol Ther 2009; 5:299-301. [PMID: 19345628 DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2009.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2008] [Revised: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Keratitis occurring in renal transplant patients are often severe, with difficult management. We describe the case of a renal transplant patient, 44 year-old man, with history of recurrent herpetic keratitis, which developed an impending corneal perforation. Conjunctival smear showed the presence of amoebic cysts. Anti-amoebic treatment was undertaken in addition with oral aciclovir, and a therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty was performed. An ulceration of the graft occurred within five months. Ocular samples showed the presence of Candida albicans. Despite aggressive antifungal therapy, he required a second therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty for graft perforation. One month later, we noted a recurrence of the ulcer with corneal thinning which evolved to perforation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Limaiem
- Service B, institut Hedi Rais d'ophtalmologie de Tunis, 4, impasse Tarek Ibn Zied, Mutuelleville, 1082 Tunis, Tunisie.
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Mănescu R, Bărăscu D, Mocanu C, Pîrvănescu H, Mîndriă I, Bălăşoiu M, Turculeanu A. [Subconjunctival nodule with Dirofilaria repens]. Chirurgia (Bucur) 2009; 104:95-97. [PMID: 19388575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Dirofilaria repens infection, a zoonotic illness, is rarely seen in humans; it is more frequently met over the endemic areas of the Southern Europe and Sri Lanka. The authors report a case of dirofilaria conjunctivae in a 27 year old woman from Craiova; such infections are hardly to be found in our country. Our patient presented a mobile, bulbar, subconjunctival tumoral formation which was surgically removed; immature Dirofilaria repens was revealed into it. Case particularity was that the patient had not visited any of the endemic areas. Environmental changes with global warming can lead to some new unspecific diseases in our country.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mănescu
- Clinica de oftalmologie, UMF Craiova.
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23
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Abstract
Loa loa is unique among the human filariae in that adult worms are occasionally visible during subconjunctival migration. A 29-yr-old African female student, living in Korea for the past 5 yr without ever visiting her home country, presented with acute eyelid swelling and a sensation of motion on the left eyeball. Her symptoms started one day earlier and became worse over time. Examination revealed a threadlike worm beneath the left upper bulbar conjunctiva with mild eyelid swelling as well as painless swelling of the right forearm. Upon exposure to slit-lamp illumination, a sudden movement of the worm toward the fornix was noted. After surgical extraction, parasitologic analysis confirmed the worm to be a female adult Loa loa with the vulva at the extreme anterior end. On blood smear, the microfilariae had characteristic features of Loa loa, including sheath and body nuclei up to the tip of the tail. The patient also showed eosinophilia (37%) measuring 4,100/microL. She took ivermectin (200 microg/kg) as a single dose and suffered from a mild fever and chills for one day. This patient, to the best of our knowledge, is the first case of subconjunctival loiasis with Calabar swelling in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Yoon Cho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
| | - Yoon-Jung Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
| | - Sun-Young Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ouk Song
- Department of Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myoung-Hee Ahn
- Department of Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Sook Ryu
- Department of Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Ferreira SDA, Ituassu LT, de Melo MN, de Andrade ASR. Evaluation of the conjunctival swab for canine visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis by PCR-hybridization in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Vet Parasitol 2008; 152:257-63. [PMID: 18242866 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2007] [Revised: 11/29/2007] [Accepted: 12/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Brazil is caused by Leishmania chagasi (L. infantum) and dogs are considered to be the main domestic reservoir. The epidemiological control involves the elimination of infected dogs. Therefore, the correct diagnosis is very important in order to avoid the disease transmission or unnecessary culling of dogs. Recently, an antileishmanial vaccine for dogs was licensed and commercialized in Brazil. Vaccinated dogs test positive in the conventional serological tests, rendering these assays useless for control programs involving vaccinated animals. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is an attractive alternative to the diagnosis in this context; but non-invasive samplings have great importance because they are simpler, painless and less resisted by dog-owners. This study aimed at evaluating the conjunctival swab (CS) for canine VL diagnosis by the PCR-hybridization procedure. Two groups of 23 seropositive dogs were used. CS samples were obtained from both eyes of each animal. The DNA extraction from CS was performed by the phenol chloroform method in group 1 and by boiling in group 2. In addition, blood was collected from each animal so that 30 microl was spotted onto filter paper (FP) and 1.0 ml was treated to obtain the buffy coat (BC). The DNA extraction from the BC and FP was accomplished by identical procedures in both groups using commercial kits. The PCR positivities for both groups 1 and 2 were, respectively: 73.9% and 52.2% (CS), 13% and 30.4% (BC), 8.7% and 17.4% (FP). The hybridization step increased the positivities for: 91.3% and 65.2% (CS), 21.7% and 34.8% (BC), 30.4% and 43.5% (FP), respectively. The highest frequency of positivity was obtained by the association between CS and DNA extraction by phenol chloroform. This approach can be very useful for diagnosis of canine leishmaniasis and could be applied to the follow-up and regular screening of vaccinated dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney de Almeida Ferreira
- Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear (CDTN), Rua Professor Mário Werneck S/No., Cidade Universitária - Campus da UFMG, 31120-970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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25
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de Yaniz MG, Moore DP, Odeón AC, Cano A, Cano DB, Leunda MR, Campero CM. Humoral immune response in pregnant heifers inoculated with Neospora caninum tachyzoites by conjunctival route. Vet Parasitol 2007; 148:213-8. [PMID: 17697754 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2007] [Revised: 05/02/2007] [Accepted: 06/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare systemic humoral immune responses in pregnant heifers inoculated with Neospora caninum tachyzoites by conjunctival and intravenous routes. Twenty nine heifers separated in three experimental groups were studied: Group 1 (n=10 animals) and Group 2 (n=9 animals) were inoculated with 10(8) of N. caninum tachyzoites by conjunctival and intravenous routes at 5th month of gestation, respectively; Group 3 (n=10 animals) were non-inoculated control animals. An indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and western immunoblotting (IB) were used to analyze the humoral immune response. All animals from Group 1 developed N. caninum specific antibody responses after conjunctival inoculation recording the highest antibody titer (mean+/-SE: 160+/-49.9) at 6th month of gestation. There were statistical differences between humoral immune responses found in Group 1 and 2 being higher in the second one at 6.5th, 8.5th and 9th months of gestation (P<0.05). Interestingly, all heifers from Group 1 reverted to seronegative status at the end of gestation. No increase in antibody was detected in the uninfected control group. Same pattern of N. caninum antigens was recognized by sera from heifers inoculated by conjunctival route and heifers inoculated by intravenous route. Recognized antigens were 116, 92, 84, 77, 45, 40, 25-26 and 17-18 kDa. The conjunctival instillation of N. caninum tachyzoites in pregnant heifers induces specific systemic antibodies. Further work is needed in order to clarify the consequences of this novel experimental route of infection not only on the fetus but also on the dam.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G de Yaniz
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
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26
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27
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28
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Franco-Alvarez de Luna F, Giménez-Almenara G, Vidal E, Casal M. [Patient from the Republic of Congo with intermittent ocular pain]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2007; 25:215-6. [PMID: 17335703 DOI: 10.1157/13099376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
The authors present a case series of 54 subjects of Rhinosporidium. They were reported in two years at a tertiary care hospital of Western Orissa. The clinically diagnosed cases by ophthalmologists were confirmed by histopathological samples following surgery. In our series, we noted Rhinosporidium seeberi organisms as the main causative agent. Males were affected three times more than females. Children less than 10 years of age comprised more than 50% of our series. In 91% of cases, the conjunctiva was the site of this infection. Total excision of fungal mass was carried out in all cases and two cases had recurrence between 9 and 12 months following intervention. Although this is an endemic area for such infestation, unilateral manifestation observed in all cases is interesting to note. Low recurrence rate in limited follow-up period could be due to early detection and standard management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra K Chowdhury
- Department of Ophthalmology, V.S.S. Medical College, Burla, Sambalpur - 768 017 orissa, India.
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30
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31
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Giddings OK, Eickhoff CS, Smith TJ, Bryant LA, Hoft DF. Anatomical route of invasion and protective mucosal immunity in Trypanosoma cruzi conjunctival infection. Infect Immun 2006; 74:5549-60. [PMID: 16988230 PMCID: PMC1594886 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00319-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan parasite that can initiate mucosal infection after conjunctival exposure. The anatomical route of T. cruzi invasion and spread after conjunctival parasite contamination remains poorly characterized. In the present work we have identified the sites of initial invasion and replication after contaminative conjunctival challenges with T. cruzi metacyclic trypomastigotes using a combination of immunohistochemical and real-time PCR confirmatory techniques in 56 mice between 3 and 14 days after challenge. Our results demonstrate that the predominant route of infection involves drainage of parasites through the nasolacrimal duct into the nasal cavity. Initial parasite invasion occurs within the ductal and respiratory epithelia. After successive waves of intracellular replication and cell-to-cell spread, parasites drain via local lymphatic channels to lymph nodes and then disseminate through the blood to distant tissues. This model of conjunctival challenge was used to identify immune responses associated with protection against mucosal infection. Preceding mucosal infection induces mucosal immunity, resulting in at least 50-fold reductions in recoverable tissue parasite DNA in immune mice compared to controls 10 days after conjunctival challenge (P < 0.05). Antigen-specific gamma interferon production by T cells was increased at least 100-fold in cells harvested from immune mice (P < 0.05). Mucosal secretions containing T. cruzi-specific secretory immunoglobulin A harvested from immune mice were shown to protect against mucosal parasite infection (P < 0.05), demonstrating that mucosal antibodies can play a role in T. cruzi immunity. This model provides an important tool for detailed studies of mucosal immunity necessary for the development of mucosal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- O K Giddings
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, St. Louis University Health Science Center, 3635 Vista Ave., FDT-8N, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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32
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Subudhi BNR, Dash S, Chakrabarty D, Mishra DP, Senapati U. Ocular sparganosis. J Indian Med Assoc 2006; 104:529-30. [PMID: 17388015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A 50-year-old male attended outpatients department with complaints of irritation, foreign body sensation and mild redness in his right eye. On examination a conjunctival nodule was found with localised inflammation. All investigations were normal. Surgical excision of the nodule was contemplated. During local dressing a live tapeworm about 20 cm in length and 3 mm in breadth emerged. Pathological examination confirmed it to be a tapeworm spirometra. The case was diagnosed to be ocular sparganosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N R Subudhi
- Department of Ophthalmology, MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur
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33
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Wang ZX, Shen JL, Wang HY, Otranto D. [An update on the research of human thelaziosis]. Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi 2006; 24:299-303. [PMID: 17094603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Thelaziosis is one of the parasitic zoonoses which affects the eyes of humans and domestic animals. This review covers its distribution, morphology and life cycle of the parasite, pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-xian Wang
- Department of Parasitology and the Key Laboratory of Genetic Resource Utilization for Severe Diseases, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, China
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34
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Chvala S, Fragner K, Hackl R, Hess M, Weissenböck H. Cryptosporidium infection in domestic geese (Anser anser f. domestica) detected by in-situ hybridization. J Comp Pathol 2006; 134:211-8. [PMID: 16615936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2005.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2005] [Accepted: 11/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An in-situ hybridization (ISH) procedure was developed for the detection of Cryptosporidium sp. in paraffin wax-embedded tissues with a digoxigenin-labelled probe targeting the 18S rRNA. This technique was used in addition to traditional methods, such as haematoxylin and eosin staining, periodic acid-Schiff reaction, transmission electron microscopy and the polymerase chain reaction, to examine the bursa of Fabricius (BF), conjunctiva and other tissues from 20 domestic geese aged 16-36 days for the presence of cryptosporidia. Positive signals were found to a moderate or marked extent in both conjunctival samples (89%) and BF samples (88%) but not in other tissues. Sequencing of the PCR amplification product revealed identity with Cryptosporidium baileyi. The infected geese showed no clinical signs and only scanty histological lesions. These results confirm reports showing that young waterfowl are especially vulnerable to cryptosporidium infection and indicate that the BF and conjunctiva are the preferred sites for the presence of the protozoon. ISH proved a good method for detecting and identifying even small numbers of cryptosporidia in tissue sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chvala
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
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35
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36
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Zhou BJ, Li WB, Wang ZP. [Two cases of conjunctival myiasis caused by larvae of Oestrus ovis]. Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi 2006; 24:160. [PMID: 16862923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
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37
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Abstract
Small, chalky-white, threadlike, motile worms were isolated from the conjunctival sac of a 32 year-old woman residing in the Himalaya mountains. They were identified as both male and female worms of Thelazia callipaeda. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second case report of human thelaziasis from India.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Shimla - 171 002, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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38
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39
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Sun HZ, Chang ZS. [A case of Thelazia callipaeda infection]. Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi 2005; 23:235. [PMID: 16296616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
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40
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Crotti D, D'Annibale ML, Ricci A. [A case of ophthalmomyiasis: description and diagnosis]. Infez Med 2005; 13:120-2. [PMID: 16220033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The authors describe a human case of ophthalmomyiasis caused by the "sheep fly" Oestrus ovis larva. They emphasize the importance of collaboration between practitioner or specialist and parasitologist for a sound, definitive aetiological diagnosis of such uncommon pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Crotti
- Sezione di Microbiologia e Parassitologia Clinica, Ospedale "R. Silvestrini", Istituto di Clinica Oculistica, Ospedale "Policlinico", Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, Italy
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41
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43
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Stemmle J, Markwalder KA, Zinkernagel AS, Wirth MG, Grimm F, Hirsch-Hoffmann S, Thiel MA. Loa-Loa-Infektion des Auges - eine Fallserie. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2005; 222:226-30. [PMID: 15785986 DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-857979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With increasing migration tropical diseases such as Loa loa infections are becoming more frequent in Europe. While the ocular diagnosis is usually straight forward, systemic work-up and treatment requires an interdisciplinary approach. We review the diagnostic and therapeutic work-up of ocular Loa loa infections based on a series of 4 cases that presented between 1998 and 2004. HISTORY AND SIGNS The first symptoms in all cases were ocular irritations occurring 2 months to 8 years after a trip to West Africa. One case presented with a swollen upper eyelid without a visible worm. In three patients microfilariae were detected in the blood. THERAPY AND OUTCOME In two cases visible subconjunctival worms could be removed under the slit lamp. Three cases required systemic treatment as inpatients while one case could be observed without systemic treatment. All 4 cases had a favourable outcome with complete eradication of the disease. CONCLUSION Surgical removal of adult Loa loa worms from the subconjunctival space only improves the ocular symptoms. An interdisciplinary approach (ophthalmology, infectious disease and parasitology) for a systemic work-up and treatment is usually required.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stemmle
- Augenklinik, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Schweiz.
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44
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Babushkin AE, Aritkulova IV. [A spontaneous escape of gadfly larva through the conjunctiva of a child's eye]. Vestn Oftalmol 2005; 121:44-5. [PMID: 15759852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
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45
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Aleshaev MI, Tatarchenko PI, Rumiantseva NF, Kostenko VV. [Dirofilariosis of the eyeball]. Vestn Oftalmol 2004; 120:35-6. [PMID: 15678671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
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46
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Strauss-Ayali D, Jaffe CL, Burshtain O, Gonen L, Baneth G. Polymerase chain reaction using noninvasively obtained samples, for the detection of Leishmania infantum DNA in dogs. J Infect Dis 2004; 189:1729-33. [PMID: 15116312 DOI: 10.1086/383281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2003] [Accepted: 11/05/2003] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure using noninvasively obtained samples, for the identification of Leishmania infantum in canine tissues, was evaluated and compared with serologic testing and culture. A total of 92% of naturally infected, symptomatic, seropositive dogs were found to be positive by use of DNA from conjunctival swabs. Spleen or lymph node aspirates were found to be positive by PCR in 86% and by culture in 74% of these dogs. The sensitivity and specificity of conjunctival PCR were 92% and 100%, respectively. Experimentally infected dogs were found to be positive by conjunctival PCR already at 45 days of infection (83%) and before seroconversion. PCR using noninvasively obtained conjunctival samples will be useful for epidemiological studies and for direct diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalit Strauss-Ayali
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
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47
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Abstract
This report presents a case of live dirophilaria found in the subconjunctival space in a woman, in whom the main symptoms were swelling of the orbital tissue. After subconjunctival anaesthesia the dirophilaria were removed surgically. A histopathological examination revealed an adult, non-gravid female Dirofilaria repens s. acutiuscula. To the authors' knowledge this is the first case of subconjunctival live dirophilaria reported in a human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana P Dujic
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zvezdara Clinical and Hospital Centre, Belgrade, Yugoslavia.
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48
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Gürtler L. The eye and conjunctiva as target of entry for infectious agents: prevention by protection and by antiseptic prophylaxis. Dev Ophthalmol 2003; 33:9-13. [PMID: 12236131 DOI: 10.1159/000065934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Gürtler
- Loeffler Institute of Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Lutherstrasse 6, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.
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49
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Sigauke E, Beebe WE, Gander RM, Cavuoti D, Southern PM. Case report: ophthalmomyiasis externa in Dallas County, Texas. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2003; 68:46-7. [PMID: 12556147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ophthalmomyiasis externa is an uncommon condition in North America. If not recognized and managed accordingly, it can be complicated by the potentially fatal condition ophthalmomyiasis interna. Ophthalmomyiasis externa is mainly caused by the sheep bot fly Oestrus ovis; thus, it is more common in farming communities. We report a case of ophthalmomyiasis externa in a young woman from Dallas County, Texas, who had no known history of contact with farm animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Sigauke
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9073, USA
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50
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Gil CD, Mineo JR, Smith RL, Oliani SM. Mast cells in the eyes of Calomys callosus(Rodentia: Cricetidae) infected by Toxoplasma gondii. Parasitol Res 2002; 88:557-62. [PMID: 12107479 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-002-0593-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2001] [Accepted: 12/20/2001] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The mast cell is a powerful effector cell for the innate immune system, acting through the secretion of several distinct mediators. Few studies have demonstrated the relationship between mast cells and toxoplasmosis. In this study, mast cells were investigated in two experimental Toxoplasma infections using Calomys callosus (Rodentia: Cricetidae) as the host. Animals were inoculated either intraperitoneally or via the conjunctiva with tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii (RH strain) and sacrificed after 5 days or 24 h, respectively. Enucleated eyes were processed for histological and ultrastructural analysis. Neither experimental infection altered the localization of mast cells compared to control eyes, but they did lead to an accumulation in some tissues as well as to their activation. There was a significant increase in the number of mast cells within 5 days and 24 h after infection. The ocular lesions were characterized by the presence of tachyzoites, inflammatory cells and vasodilatation in the iris and retina. In conclusion, mast cells were mobilized in these experimental infections, suggesting that they play an important role in the host inflammatory response after infection with T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane D Gil
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil
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