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Carton Erlandsson L, Martín Duce A, Gragera Martínez RDLR, Sanz Guijo M, Muriel García A, Mirón González R, Gigante Pérez C. [Use of social networks as a source of information on health and digital health literacy in the Spanish general population]. Rev Esp Salud Publica 2024; 98:e202405034. [PMID: 38738501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Social media allows individuals to access a vast amount of health-related information immediately and anonymously, a fact that is turning these platforms into one of the primary sources of reference in this area, especially for younger generations. Given this reality, the objective of determining the impact of social media on digital health literacy in the general Spanish population was proposed. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in 2023. Using a non-probabilistic sampling, the population residing in Spain, over eighteen years old, and users of social networks were included, obtaining a sample of 1,307 participants. An adaptation of the validated eHEALS questionnaire on digital health literacy was used. This questionnaire, created in Microsoft Forms, was disseminated through an anonymous link via the research team's social networks and collaborators. A descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0, assuming a significance level with a value of p<0.05. RESULTS All participants affirmed having consumed health information through social networks, but 72.1% stated they had actively used these platforms to search for this health information. Regarding digital health literacy, a median score of 24 out of 40 points was obtained on the questionnaire, being significantly higher among those who claimed to use social networks as a source of health information (p=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Actively employing social media as a source of health information is associated with a higher level of digital health literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Carton Erlandsson
- Departamento de Enfermería y Fisioterapia; Universidad de Alcalá. Alcalá de Henares. España
- Hospital Beata María Ana. Madrid. España
| | - Antonio Martín Duce
- Departamento de Enfermería y Fisioterapia; Universidad de Alcalá. Alcalá de Henares. España
| | | | - María Sanz Guijo
- Facultad de Enfermería y Fisioterapia Salus Infirmorum; Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca. Salamanca. España
| | - Alfonso Muriel García
- Departamento de Enfermería y Fisioterapia; Universidad de Alcalá. Alcalá de Henares. España
| | - Rubén Mirón González
- Departamento de Enfermería y Fisioterapia; Universidad de Alcalá. Alcalá de Henares. España
| | - Crispín Gigante Pérez
- Departamento de Enfermería y Fisioterapia; Universidad de Alcalá. Alcalá de Henares. España
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Gbedemah ZEE, Fuseini MSN, Fordjuor SKEJ, Baisie-Nkrumah EJ, Beecham RMEM, Amissah-Arthur KN. Readability and Quality of Online Information on Sickle Cell Retinopathy for Patients. Am J Ophthalmol 2024; 259:45-52. [PMID: 37918780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2023.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to evaluate the readability and quality of Internet-based health information on sickle cell retinopathy. DESIGN Retrospective cross-sectional website analysis. METHODS To simulate a patient's online search, the terms "sickle cell retinopathy" and "sickle cell disease in the eye" were entered into the top 3 search engines (Google, Bing and Yahoo). The first 20 results of each search were retrieved and screened for analysis. The DISCERN questionnaire, the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) standards, and the Health on the Net (HON) criteria were used to evaluate the quality of the information. The Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), the Flesch Reading Ease (FRES), and the Automated Readability Index (ARI) were used to assess the readability of each website. RESULTS Of 16 online sources, 12 (75%) scored moderately on the DISCERN tool. The mean DISCERN score was 40.91 (SD, 10.39; maximum possible, 80). None of the sites met all of the JAMA benchmarks, and only 3 (18.75%) of the websites had HONcode certification. All of the websites had scores above the target American Medical Association grade level of 6 on both the FKGL and ARI. The mean FRES was 57.76 (±4.61), below the recommended FRES of 80 to 90. CONCLUSION There is limited online information available on sickle cell retinopathy. Most included websites were fairly difficult to read and of substandard quality. The quality and readability of Internet-based, patient-focused information on sickle cell retinopathy needs to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfiya Emefa Edugle Gbedemah
- From the University of Ghana Medical School (Z.E.E.G., M.-S.N.F., S.K.E.J.F., E.J.B.-N., R.-M.E.M.B.), College of Health Sciences, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Mohammed-Sherrif Napari Fuseini
- From the University of Ghana Medical School (Z.E.E.G., M.-S.N.F., S.K.E.J.F., E.J.B.-N., R.-M.E.M.B.), College of Health Sciences, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Sam Kwaku Esson Jonah Fordjuor
- From the University of Ghana Medical School (Z.E.E.G., M.-S.N.F., S.K.E.J.F., E.J.B.-N., R.-M.E.M.B.), College of Health Sciences, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Eugene Jojo Baisie-Nkrumah
- From the University of Ghana Medical School (Z.E.E.G., M.-S.N.F., S.K.E.J.F., E.J.B.-N., R.-M.E.M.B.), College of Health Sciences, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Rya-Marie Esi Mensima Beecham
- From the University of Ghana Medical School (Z.E.E.G., M.-S.N.F., S.K.E.J.F., E.J.B.-N., R.-M.E.M.B.), College of Health Sciences, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kwesi Nyan Amissah-Arthur
- Ophthalmology Unit (K.N.A.-A.), Department of Surgery, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
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Xiao L, Min H, Wu Y, Zhang J, Ning Y, Long L, Jia K, Jing W, Sun X. Public's preferences for health science popularization short videos in China: a discrete choice experiment. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1160629. [PMID: 37601206 PMCID: PMC10436607 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1160629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Health science popularization short video disseminates health information to the public in an understandable way about health information. Objective To investigate the preferences of Chinese residents for health science popularization short videos and provide suggestions for optimizing the production of short videos. Methods An online survey of Chinese people was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire, and a discrete choice experiment (DCE) was used to explore the public's preferences for health science popularization short videos. Results A total of 618 respondents were included, of which 306 (45.51%) were male and 312 (50.49%) were female, 271 (43.85%) were aged 18-25, 239 (38.67%) were aged 26-60, and 108 (17.48%) were aged 60 and above. Whether the video is charged or not (46.891%) and the account subject (28.806%) were both considered important. The results of the DCE revealed that the participants considered video free of charge as the most significant attribute of health science popularization short videos (OR 3.433, 95% CI 3.243-3.633). Overall, participants preferred and were more willing to pay for health science popularization short videos with a hospital account subject (OR 1.192, 95% CI 1.116-1.274), with the form of graphic narration (OR 1.062, 95% CI 1.003-1.126), free of charge (OR 3.433, 95% CI 3.243-3.633), with the content that satisfies their needs (very much needed: OR 1.253, 95% CI 95% CI 1.197-1.311; generally needed: OR 1.078, 95% CI 1.029-1.129), with platform certification (OR 1.041, 95% CI 1.011-1.073), without commercial advertisements (OR 1.048, 95% CI 1.018-1.080), with simple-to-understand content (OR 1.071, 95% CI 1.040-1.104), and with video content that evokes fear or dread of illness in the viewer (OR 1.046, 95% CI 1.015-1.078). Conclusion Participants favor free health popularization short videos, which are hospital accounts, with content that is illustrated, understandable, meets their needs, and can serve as a warning. In the future, the production of health popularization short videos should focus on improving the diversity and relevance of video content, making it as easy to understand to achieve good science popularization effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- Publicity Division, Chinese Center for Health Education, Beijing, China
| | - Hewei Min
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yibo Wu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jieyu Zhang
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Ning
- Publicity Division, Chinese Center for Health Education, Beijing, China
| | - Long Long
- Southern Health, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | | | - Weilong Jing
- National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Xinying Sun
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Zhu Z, Zheng Y, Zhu D. Douyin as a source of information and education on humeral supracondylar fracture of children during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chinese Mainland: An observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34104. [PMID: 37352075 PMCID: PMC10289545 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate whether Douyin videos on pediatric humeral supracondylar fractures could be a useful source during the COVID-19 pandemic. A search was conducted using the term "humeral supracondylar fracture of children" on Douyin. The top 100 videos were selected based on view count. 74 was the final analysis, after excluding 26 videos for various reasons. First, the videos were classified into medical and the non-medical groups based on authorship. The medical team videos were about explanations or detailed surgical procedures directly related to child's fracture. There were also non-medical videos, mostly about personal experiences and other things. The videos were then also divided into 2 groups abased on the year of COVID-19 pandemic. The number of views, content type, video duration and number of likes about the video were analyzed. Among the 74 videos included in this study, had a total of 19,647,988 views (median 205,129, range 7874-1,495,004). Compared to the medical group, the non-medical group had more views (P = .004), likes (P = .000), view ratio (P = .019), and video power index (P = .024). During the COVID-19 pandemic, views (P = .033), view ratio (P = .006), and video power index (P = .043) also increased. Douyin has been a valuable source of health information for patients during COVID-19 pandemic regarding the occurrence of humeral supracondylar fracture in children. Medical professionals and institutions should upload credible, informative videos and clear, high-quality, scientifically reviewed surgical footage of children with humeral supracondylar fracture. And the videos uploaded by medical professionals and filtered by Douyin's staff appear to be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The Second People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, China
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Sarraju A, Bruemmer D, Van Iterson E, Cho L, Rodriguez F, Laffin L. Appropriateness of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Recommendations Obtained From a Popular Online Chat-Based Artificial Intelligence Model. JAMA 2023; 329:842-844. [PMID: 36735264 PMCID: PMC10015303 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.1044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 138.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the appropriateness of artificial intelligence model responses to fundamental cardiovascular disease prevention questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Sarraju
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Dennis Bruemmer
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Erik Van Iterson
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Leslie Cho
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Fatima Rodriguez
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Luke Laffin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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Ramli R, Jambor MA, Kong CY. Dr Google - assessing the reliability and readability of information on general surgical procedures found via search engines. ANZ J Surg 2023; 93:590-596. [PMID: 36716246 DOI: 10.1111/ans.18289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most common general surgical emergency operations are laparoscopic appendicectomy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, hernia repair, hemorrhoidectomy and colectomy. Patients commonly perform an internet search for more information prior to undergoing surgery, which can lead to an inappropriate understanding of their procedure. The aim is to assess the quality of information available on three of the most used search engines. METHODS A search was conducted on Google.com, Bing.com and Yahoo.com using the terms related to laparoscopic appendicectomy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, hemorrhoidectomy, hernia repair and colectomy. First 20 results from each search engine were collected for evaluation. Results were excluded if they were sponsored, duplicates, academic publications, advertisements, forums, audiovisual tools, social media or any non-English information. Included results were assessed for reliability using DISCERN and JAMA benchmark score. Readability was assessed using Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) Score and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG). RESULTS Hundred and ninety-seven websites were analysed, 44.7% were published by institutions, 34.5% by health websites and 20.8% by independent surgeons. Mean DISCERN scores for Institutions was 54.6 ± 11.3, independent surgeons 45.9 ± 11.4 and health websites 58.7 ± 10.3. Mean JAMA score for Institutions was 1.0 ± 1.0, independent surgeons 0.1 ± 0.4 and health websites 1.7 ± 1.1. FRE scores for institutions was 51.6 ± 10.3, independent surgeons 40.9 ± 10.2, and health websites 45.7 ± 12.3. SMOG scores were 9.8 ± 1.5 for institutions, 11.4 ± 1.6 for independent surgeons and 10.6 ± 1.7 for health websites. CONCLUSION Health information on common general surgical procedures found on search engines are generally fair to good quality but still above the suggested reading level of the population. Information on surgical procedures should be written at recommended reading level of 13-14 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raziqah Ramli
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maxwell Andrew Jambor
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chia Yew Kong
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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de Looper M, Smets EMA, Schouten BC, Bolle S, Belgers EHJ, Eddes EH, Leijtens JWA, van Weert JCM. The Patient Navigator: Can a systematically developed online health information tool improve patient participation and outcomes related to the consultation in older patients newly diagnosed with colorectal cancer? BMC Cancer 2022; 22:109. [PMID: 35078438 PMCID: PMC8788912 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-09096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older cancer patients may search for health information online to prepare for their consultations. However, seeking information online can have negative effects, for instance increased anxiety due to finding incorrect or unclear information. In addition, existing online cancer information is not necessarily adapted to the needs of older patients, even though cancer is a disease often found in older individuals. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to systematically develop, implement and evaluate an online health information tool for older cancer patients, the Patient Navigator, providing information that complements the consultation with healthcare providers. METHOD For the development and evaluation of the Patient Navigator, the four phases of the MRC framework were used. In the first and second phase the Patient Navigator was developed and pilot tested based on previous research and sub-studies. During the third phase the Patient Navigator was implemented in four Dutch hospitals. In the last phase, a pilot RCT was conducted to evaluate the Patient Navigator in terms of usage (observational tracking data), user experience (self-reported satisfaction, involvement, cognitive load, active control, perceived relevance of the tool), patient participation (observational data during consultation), and patient outcomes related to the consultation (questionnaire data regarding anxiety, satisfaction, and information recall). Recently diagnosed colorectal cancer patients (N = 45) were randomly assigned to the control condition (usual care) or the experimental condition (usual care + Patient Navigator). RESULTS The Patient Navigator was well used and evaluated positively. Patients who received the Patient Navigator contributed less during the consultation by using less words than patients in the control condition and experienced less anxiety two days after the consultation than patients in the control condition. CONCLUSION Since the Patient Navigator was evaluated positively and decreased anxiety after the consultation, this tool is potentially a valuable addition to the consultation for patients. Usage of the Patient Navigator resulted in patients using less words during consultations, without impairing patients' satisfaction, possibly because information needs might be fulfilled by usage of the Patient Navigator. This could create the possibility to personalize communication during consultations and respond to other patient needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie de Looper
- Amsterdam School of Communication Research/ASCoR, University of Amsterdam, 1018, Amsterdam, WV, Netherlands.
| | - Ellen M A Smets
- Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara C Schouten
- Amsterdam School of Communication Research/ASCoR, University of Amsterdam, 1018, Amsterdam, WV, Netherlands
| | - Sifra Bolle
- Centre for Health and Society, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Eric H Eddes
- Department of Surgery, Deventer Hospital, Deventer, The Netherlands
- Dutch Institute of Clinical Auditing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Julia C M van Weert
- Amsterdam School of Communication Research/ASCoR, University of Amsterdam, 1018, Amsterdam, WV, Netherlands
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Murphy B, Irwin S, Condon F, Kennedy C. Readability and quality of online information for patients pertaining to revision knee arthroplasty: An objective analysis. Surgeon 2022; 20:e366-e370. [PMID: 35034835 DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modern patients use the internet more frequently for their health information. Our aim was to assess the quality and readability of online patient education materials relating to revision knee arthroplasty. We hypothesised that this information would be too difficult to read for the average patient and of a lesser quality than desired. METHOD A search of the top 50 results on 3 search engines (Google, Bing, Yahoo) was completed (MeSH "revision knee arthroplasty", "revision knee replacement"). Readability of these websites was calculated using a specialised website, www.readable.com to produce 3 scores (Gunning-Fog (GF), Flesch Reading Ease (FRE), Flesch-Kincaid Grade (FKG). Quality was assessed using the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria and the Health On the Net (HON) code toolbar extension. RESULTS 89 unique websites were identified. Mean FRE was 44.01 ± 11.05. The mean GF was 12.01 ± 2.94. The mean FKG level was 10.06 ± 1.95. As per the FRE score, no webpage was pitched at or below a sixth grade reading level. The GF index identified only 3 websites (3.4%) at 6th grade reading level. As per FKG score, most webpages (n = 58, 65.2%) found themselves in the 10th grade reading level and above. Four websites (4.5%) displayed a HONcode certificate. However, all had expired. Most websites (n = 34, 38.2%) didn't meet any of the JAMA criteria. CONCLUSION The reading level of these materials is too high for the average patient and of a low quality. Given what we know about levels of health literacy and their relationship with patient outcomes, it is vital that we address these deficiencies promptly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Murphy
- University Hospital Limerick, Dooradoyle, Co. Limerick, Republic of Ireland; Croom Orthopaedic Hospital, Croom, Co. Limerick, Republic of Ireland.
| | - Shane Irwin
- University Hospital Limerick, Dooradoyle, Co. Limerick, Republic of Ireland; Croom Orthopaedic Hospital, Croom, Co. Limerick, Republic of Ireland
| | - Finbarr Condon
- University Hospital Limerick, Dooradoyle, Co. Limerick, Republic of Ireland; Croom Orthopaedic Hospital, Croom, Co. Limerick, Republic of Ireland
| | - Cian Kennedy
- University Hospital Limerick, Dooradoyle, Co. Limerick, Republic of Ireland; Croom Orthopaedic Hospital, Croom, Co. Limerick, Republic of Ireland
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Rubin EJ, Baden LR, Tofel R, Morrissey S. Audio Interview: Covid-19 and the Media. N Engl J Med 2021; 385:e59. [PMID: 34587392 DOI: 10.1056/nejme2115825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Guastafierro E, Toppo C, Magnani FG, Romano R, Facchini C, Campioni R, Brambilla E, Leonardi M. Older Adults' Risk Perception during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Lombardy Region of Italy: A Cross-sectional Survey. J Gerontol Soc Work 2021; 64:585-598. [PMID: 33393447 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2020.1870606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
During COVID-19 pandemic, older adults are the segment of the population at higher health risk. Given the important role the risk perception has in influencing both the behaviors and psychological well-being, it appears useful exploring this factor in this segment of the population. Despite different studies already described the factors influencing the risk perception, few focused on older adults. For this reason, we investigated risk perception in 514 people over 60 years during the lockdown. We administered a structured interview collecting socio-demographic information, sources of information used, actions undertaken to avoid contagion, and risk perception. Risk perception related to COVID-19 was significantly lower than the perceived risk associated with other threats, and it was correlated to the number of sources of information used but not to the actions undertaken. Furthermore, we found higher risk perception in who knew infected persons, and a negative correlation between the risk perception and age, with the over 75 perceiving a lower risk of getting infected compared to the younger participants. Our results should be taken as informative for future studies. Indeed, further studies on the older adults and the risk perception during emergencies are needed to better orient both communication and supporting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Guastafierro
- UOC Neurology, Public Health, Disability, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Toppo
- UOC Neurology, Public Health, Disability, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca G Magnani
- UOC Neurology, Public Health, Disability, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Carla Facchini
- Associazione Nestore, Milan, Italy
- Department of Sociology and Social Research , Università Degli Studi Di Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Matilde Leonardi
- UOC Neurology, Public Health, Disability, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
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Soltero EG, Peña A, Gonzalez V, Hernandez E, Mackey G, Callender C, Dave JM, Thompson D. Family-Based Obesity Prevention Interventions among Hispanic Children and Families: A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082690. [PMID: 34444850 PMCID: PMC8402012 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This scoping review examined intervention and sample characteristics of family-based obesity prevention interventions among Hispanic youth. This review also examined the degree to which existing interventions were culturally-adapted, acknowledged social determinants of health (SDoH), and collaborated with community stakeholders. A comprehensive search across Medline Ovid, Embase, Scopus, PsycInfo, and Pubmed was used to identify 13 studies primarily based in the U.S. (92.3%). Data was extracted by two independent reviewers. Most used a randomized control trial design (69.2%), a behavior change theory (84.6%), and reported moderate to high (≥70%) retention (69.2%). Studies targeted improvements in physical activity (69.2%) and fruit and vegetable intake (92.3%) through nutrition education, cooking demonstrations, and tastings. Younger children from low socioeconomic backgrounds (61.5%) were well represented. Most interventions were culturally-adapted (69.2%), all studies reported collaboration with stakeholders, yet only half used strategies that acknowledged SDoH (46.2%). To increase our understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which family-based approaches can reach and engage Hispanic youth and families, future studies should rigorously evaluate theoretical constructs, family processes, and SDoH that influence program participation and health behaviors. This information will guide the design and development of future interventions aimed at reducing obesity disparities among Hispanic youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica G. Soltero
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates St., Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.G.S.); (E.H.); (G.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.D.)
| | - Armando Peña
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Arizona State University, 500 N. 3rd St., Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA;
| | - Veronica Gonzalez
- Health Promotion and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health, 1200 Pressler St., Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Edith Hernandez
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates St., Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.G.S.); (E.H.); (G.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.D.)
| | - Guisela Mackey
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates St., Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.G.S.); (E.H.); (G.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.D.)
| | - Chishinga Callender
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates St., Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.G.S.); (E.H.); (G.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.D.)
| | - Jayna M. Dave
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates St., Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.G.S.); (E.H.); (G.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.D.)
| | - Debbe Thompson
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates St., Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.G.S.); (E.H.); (G.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +713-798-7076
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12
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Han Y, Jiang B, Guo R. Factors Affecting Public Adoption of COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment Information During an Infodemic: Cross-sectional Survey Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e23097. [PMID: 33600348 PMCID: PMC7954112 DOI: 10.2196/23097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the spread of COVID-19, an infodemic is also emerging. In public health emergencies, the use of information to enable disease prevention and treatment is incredibly important. Although both the information adoption model (IAM) and health belief model (HBM) have their own merits, they only focus on information or public influence factors, respectively, to explain the public's intention to adopt online prevention and treatment information. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to fill this gap by using a combination of the IAM and the HBM as the framework for exploring the influencing factors and paths in public health events that affect the public's adoption of online health information and health behaviors, focusing on both objective and subjective factors. METHODS We carried out an online survey to collect responses from participants in China (N=501). Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate items, and confirmatory factor analysis was used to calculate construct reliability and validity. The goodness of fit of the model and mediation effects were analyzed. RESULTS The overall fitness indices for the model developed in this study indicated an acceptable fit. Adoption intention was predicted by information characteristics (β=.266, P<.001) and perceived usefulness (β=.565, P<.001), which jointly explained nearly 67% of the adoption intention variance. Information characteristics (β=.244, P<.001), perceived drawbacks (β=-.097, P=.002), perceived benefits (β=.512, P<.001), and self-efficacy (β=.141, P<.001) jointly determined perceived usefulness and explained about 81% of the variance of perceived usefulness. However, social influence did not have a statistically significant impact on perceived usefulness, and self-efficacy did not significantly influence adoption intention directly. CONCLUSIONS By integrating IAM and HBM, this study provided the insight and understanding that perceived usefulness and adoption intention of online health information could be influenced by information characteristics, people's perceptions of information drawbacks and benefits, and self-efficacy. Moreover, people also exhibited proactive behavior rather than reactive behavior to adopt information. Thus, we should consider these factors when helping the informed public obtain useful information via two approaches: one is to improve the quality of government-based and other official information, and the other is to improve the public's capacity to obtain information, in order to promote truth and fight rumors. This will, in turn, contribute to saving lives as the pandemic continues to unfold and run its course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Han
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Binshan Jiang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Guo
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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13
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Thunström L, Ashworth M, Finnoff D, Newbold SC. Hesitancy Toward a COVID-19 Vaccine. Ecohealth 2021; 18:44-60. [PMID: 34086129 PMCID: PMC8175934 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-021-01524-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The scientific community has come together in a mass mobilization to combat the public health risks of COVID-19, including efforts to develop a vaccine. However, the success of any vaccine depends on the share of the population that gets vaccinated. We designed a survey experiment in which a nationally representative sample of 3,133 adults in the USA stated their intentions to vaccinate themselves and their children for COVID-19. The factors that we varied across treatments were: the stated severity and infectiousness of COVID-19 and the stated source of the risk information (White House or the Centers for Disease Control). We find that 20% of people in the USA intend to decline the vaccine. We find no statistically significant effect on vaccine intentions from the severity of COVID-19. In contrast, we find that the degree of infectiousness of the coronavirus influences vaccine intentions and that inconsistent risk messages from public health experts and elected officials may reduce vaccine uptake. However, the most important determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy seem to be distrust of the vaccine safety (including uncertainty due to vaccine novelty), as well as general vaccine avoidance, as implied by not having had a flu shot in the last two years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Thunström
- Department of Economics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.
| | - Madison Ashworth
- Department of Economics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - David Finnoff
- Department of Economics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Stephen C Newbold
- Department of Economics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
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14
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Su Z, McDonnell D, Wen J, Kozak M, Abbas J, Šegalo S, Li X, Ahmad J, Cheshmehzangi A, Cai Y, Yang L, Xiang YT. Mental health consequences of COVID-19 media coverage: the need for effective crisis communication practices. Global Health 2021; 17:4. [PMID: 33402169 PMCID: PMC7784222 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-020-00654-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During global pandemics, such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), crisis communication is indispensable in dispelling fears, uncertainty, and unifying individuals worldwide in a collective fight against health threats. Inadequate crisis communication can bring dire personal and economic consequences. Mounting research shows that seemingly endless newsfeeds related to COVID-19 infection and death rates could considerably increase the risk of mental health problems. Unfortunately, media reports that include infodemics regarding the influence of COVID-19 on mental health may be a source of the adverse psychological effects on individuals. Owing partially to insufficient crisis communication practices, media and news organizations across the globe have played minimal roles in battling COVID-19 infodemics. Common refrains include raging QAnon conspiracies, a false and misleading "Chinese virus" narrative, and the use of disinfectants to "cure" COVID-19. With the potential to deteriorate mental health, infodemics fueled by a kaleidoscopic range of misinformation can be dangerous. Unfortunately, there is a shortage of research on how to improve crisis communication across media and news organization channels. This paper identifies ways that legacy media reports on COVID-19 and how social media-based infodemics can result in mental health concerns. This paper discusses possible crisis communication solutions that media and news organizations can adopt to mitigate the negative influences of COVID-19 related news on mental health. Emphasizing the need for global media entities to forge a fact-based, person-centered, and collaborative response to COVID-19 reporting, this paper encourages media resources to focus on the core issue of how to slow or stop COVID-19 transmission effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Su
- Center on Smart and Connected Health Technologies, Mays Cancer Center, School of Nursing, UT Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
| | - Dean McDonnell
- Department of Humanities, Institute of Technology Carlow, Carlow, Ireland R93 V960
| | - Jun Wen
- School of Business and Law, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027 Australia
| | - Metin Kozak
- School of Tourism, Dokuz Eylül University, 35680 Foça, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Jaffar Abbas
- Antai College of Economics and Management, and School of Media and Communication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Sabina Šegalo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Xiaoshan Li
- Program of Public Relations and Advertising, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong China
| | - Junaid Ahmad
- Prime Institute of Public Health, Peshawar Medical College, Warsak Road, Peshawar, 25160 Pakistan
| | - Ali Cheshmehzangi
- Head of Department of Architecture and Built Environment; Professor of Architecture and Urban Design, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100 China
- The Network for Education and Research on Peace and Sustainability (NERPS), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuyang Cai
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- China Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences; & Center for Cognition and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
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15
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Abstract
Efforts to address misinformation on social media have special urgency with the emergence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In one effort, the World Health Organization (WHO) designed and publicized shareable infographics to debunk coronavirus myths. We used an experiment to test the efficacy of these infographics, depending on placement and source. We found that exposure to a corrective graphic on social media reduced misperceptions about the science of 1 false COVID-19 prevention strategy but did not affect misperceptions about prevention of COVID-19. Lowered misperceptions about the science persisted >1 week later. These effects were consistent when the graphic was shared by the World Health Organization or by an anonymous Facebook user and when the graphics were shared preemptively or in response to misinformation. Health organizations can and should create and promote shareable graphics to improve public knowledge.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Radon is a predominant indoor air pollutant and second leading cause of lung cancer in radon-prone areas. Despite the gravity of the health risk, residents in Canada have inadequate perception and taken minimal protective actions. Better perception of a risk motivates people to take preventive measures. Scholarship about radon health risk perception is lacking in Canada. We applied a mixed methods population health approach to explore the determinants shaping perception and actions of a resident population in Canada. METHODS We conducted mixed surveys (n = 557) and qualitative bilingual interviews (n = 35) with both homeowners and tenants of Ottawa-Gatineau areas. The study explored residents' risk perception and adaptations factors. Descriptive, correlational and regression analyses described and established associations between quantitative variables. Thematic, inductive analyses identified themes in the qualitative data. A mixed methods analysis triangulated both results to draw a holistic perception of the health risk. RESULTS Residents' quantitative perceptions of radon health risk, smoking at home, synergistic risk perception, social influence and care for family were associated significantly with their intention to test for radon levels in their home, actual testing and mitigation. These results were explained further with the qualitative findings. Residents who had dual cognitive and emotional awareness of the risk were motivated enough to take preventive actions. Caring for family, knowing others who contracted lung cancer and financial capability were enablers, whereas lack of awareness and homeownership, cost of mitigation and stigma were obstacles to preventive actions. We also explored the dual subjective and objective aspects of risk perception that are influenced by micro- and macro-level determinants. CONCLUSIONS Inducing protective action to reduce risk requires comprehensive population-level interventions considering dual perceptions of the risk that can modify the risk determinants. Future research can explore the dual aspects of risk perception and unequal distribution of the risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Khan
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - J. Gomes
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - S. Chreim
- Telfer School of Management, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Nazione S, Perrault E, Pace K. Impact of Information Exposure on Perceived Risk, Efficacy, and Preventative Behaviors at the Beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States. Health Commun 2021; 36:23-31. [PMID: 33183090 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2020.1847446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This online survey took place on March 7, 2020 at the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States. Participants (n = 698) completed an online survey in which they were asked to reflect on their mediated and interpersonal information consumption, in addition to reporting on risk perceptions, general efficacy perceptions, and preventative behaviors specific to COVID-19 in the past seven days. Participant age and chronic condition status were controlled for in all analyses. Time spent consuming news, social media, and health website information was not related to risk perceptions. Time spent on health websites predicted time spent having interpersonal conversations about COVID-19, as well as general efficacy levels. Following the Extended Parallel Process Model, perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, and general perceived efficacy predicted preventative behaviors. The vast majority of participants did report taking preventative action against COVID-19, most commonly in the form of hand washing, with many enacting stronger preventative behaviors that had yet to be recommended for the general population. Overall, mediated and interpersonal information exposure had minimal effects on perceived risk and perceived general efficacy, which in turn predicted 27.5% of the variance in preventative behavior. Efficacy was the most powerful among these predictors, and health websites, specifically governmental websites, appeared to be underutilized resources with the potential to promote efficacy during outbreaks. Further research is needed to understand causation in these relationships and to assist in successful message transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evan Perrault
- Brian Lamb School of Communication, Purdue University
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Nan
- Department of Communication, University of Maryland
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19
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Abstract
Emerging infectious disease (EID) outbreaks such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic create unknown risks, uncertainty, and anxiety around the world. Accurate and timely information can help the public understand the outbreak and manage their lives. Presented here is a study of how residents of Hubei Province, the epicenter of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, use media for information seeking, scanning, and sharing while under lockdown through in-depth interviews. We find that (1) individuals primarily acquire information through information scanning from official governmental sources, (2) information sharing is more frequent with family members through private channels than with one's extended social networks and the general public through pubic channels mostly due to concerns with censorship, and (3) individuals' information need and information use change substantially during different stages of the outbreak. These findings provide insights into how individuals in China use different media for information during an unprecedented public health crisis and make sense of the limited and often confusing and contradictory information that is available to them. Such findings can inform future health communication efforts during EID outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tang
- Department of Communication, Texas A&M University
| | - Wenxue Zou
- Department of Communication, Texas A&M University
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20
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Avery EJ, Park S. Perceived Knowledge as [Protective] Power: Parents' Protective Efficacy, Information-Seeking, and Scrutiny during COVID-19. Health Commun 2021; 36:81-88. [PMID: 33249853 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2020.1847438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, parents were issued numerous, sometimes changing, safeguarding directives including social distancing, mask use, hygiene, and stay-at-home orders. Enacting these behaviors for the parent presented challenges, but the responsibility for children to follow protocol properly was an even more daunting undertaking. Self-efficacy is one of the most power predictors of health behavior and has been adapted to a context-specific crisis self-efficacy scale conducted on March20, 2020, captures real-time perceptions of parents as coronavirus anxieties peaked. The study reveals a relationship between self- and protective efficacy that is mediated by parents' assessments of how informed they are about COVID-19. It also examines the role of perceived knowledge on information-seeking and scrutiny of pandemic information found online. Important directions for future research to develop the protective efficacy construct emerge as well as evidence of the rich applied and theoretical value of a deeper understanding of the perceived ability to perform recommended actions to protect another.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sejin Park
- Department of Media & Social Informatics, Hanyang University
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21
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de Lima Filho BF, Bessa NPOS, Fernandes ACT, da Silva Patrício ÍF, de Oliveira Alves N, da Costa Cavalcanti FA. Knowledge levels among elderly people with Diabetes Mellitus concerning COVID-19: an educational intervention via a teleservice. Acta Diabetol 2021; 58:19-24. [PMID: 32749549 PMCID: PMC7398858 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-020-01580-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate knowledge levels concerning COVID-19 in elderly patients with T2DM. METHODS This cross-sectional, quantitative, observational, and descriptive study was undertaken among elderly individuals with T2DM involved in a body balance rehabilitation program that had been suspended due to social isolation. The study participants comprised elderly individuals with T2DM, contactable using fixed or mobile telephones. Data concerning participants' socioeconomic variables and knowledge of COVID-19 were collated, using a Brazil Ministry of Health guidelines checklist. Mann-Whitney and Spearman's correlation tests were used to analyze their responses. RESULTS Of 30 elderly participants, 76.7% were women and 63.3% were married. The average age was 69.96 ± 4.46 years. The most cited information medium was television (96.6%). Of a possible 24 correct responses on the checklist, the median correct response score was 7.5. No significant relationship was observed between the total checklist score and the variables studied. CONCLUSION Elderly participants did not have in-depth knowledge concerning COVID-19, which suggests that their knowledge sources may be deficient or that their capacity to retain information was inadequate.
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22
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Mackintosh NJ, Davis RE, Easter A, Rayment-Jones H, Sevdalis N, Wilson S, Adams M, Sandall J. Interventions to increase patient and family involvement in escalation of care for acute life-threatening illness in community health and hospital settings. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 12:CD012829. [PMID: 33285618 PMCID: PMC8406701 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012829.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is now a rising commitment to acknowledge the role patients and families play in contributing to their safety. This review focuses on one type of involvement in safety - patient and family involvement in escalation of care for serious life-threatening conditions i.e. helping secure a step-up to urgent or emergency care - which has been receiving increasing policy and practice attention. This review was concerned with the negotiation work that patient and family members undertake across the emergency care escalation pathway, once contact has been made with healthcare staff. It includes interventions aiming to improve detection of symptoms, communication of concerns and staff response to these concerns. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of interventions designed to increase patient and family involvement in escalation of care for acute life-threatening illness on patient and family outcomes, treatment outcomes, clinical outcomes, patient and family experience and adverse events. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, MEDLINE (OvidSP), Embase (OvidSP), PsycINFO (OvidSP) ClinicalTrials.gov and the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform from 1 Jan 2000 to 24 August 2018. The search was updated on 21 October 2019. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster-randomised controlled trials where the intervention focused on patients and families working with healthcare professionals to ensure care received for acute deterioration was timely and appropriate. A key criterion was to include an interactive element of rehearsal, role play, modelling, shared language, group work etc. to the intervention to help patients and families have agency in the process of escalation of care. The interventions included components such as enabling patients and families to detect changes in patients' conditions and to speak up about these changes to staff. We also included studies where the intervention included a component targeted at enabling staff response. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Seven of the eight authors were involved in screening; two review authors independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies, with any disagreements resolved by discussion to reach consensus. Primary outcomes included patient and family outcomes, treatment outcomes, clinical outcomes, patient and family experience and adverse events. Our advisory group (four users and four providers) ensured that the review was of relevance and could inform policy and practice. MAIN RESULTS We included nine studies involving 436,684 patients and family members and one ongoing study. The published studies focused on patients with specific conditions such as coronary artery disease, ischaemic stroke, and asthma, as well as pregnant women, inpatients on medical surgical wards, older adults and high-risk patients with a history of poor self-management. While all studies tested interventions versus usual care, for four studies the usual care group also received educational or information strategies. Seven of the interventions involved face-to-face, interactional education/coaching sessions aimed at patients/families while two provided multi-component education programmes which included components targeted at staff as well as patients/families. All of the interventions included: (1) an educational component about the acute condition and preparedness for future events such as stroke or change in fetal movements: (2) an engagement element (self-monitoring, action plans); while two additionally focused on shared language or communication skills. We had concerns about risk of bias for all but one of the included studies in respect of one or more criteria, particularly regarding blinding of participants and personnel. Our confidence in results regarding the effectiveness of interventions was moderate to low. Low-certainty evidence suggests that there may be moderate improvement in patients' knowledge of acute life-threatening conditions, danger signs, appropriate care-seeking responses, and preparedness capacity between interactional patient-facing interventions and multi-component programmes and usual care at 12 months (MD 4.20, 95% CI 2.44 to 5.97, 2 studies, 687 participants). Four studies in total assessed knowledge (3,086 participants) but we were unable to include two other studies in the pooled analysis due to differences in the way outcome measures were reported. One found no improvement in knowledge but higher symptom preparedness at 12 months. The other study found an improvement in patients' knowledge about symptoms and appropriate care-seeking responses in the intervention group at 18 months compared with usual care. Low-certainty evidence from two studies, each using a different measure, meant that we were unable to determine the effects of patient-based interventions on self-efficacy. Self-efficacy was higher in the intervention group in one study but there was no difference in the other compared with usual care. We are uncertain whether interactional patient-facing and multi-component programmes improve time from the start of patient symptoms to treatment due to low-certainty evidence for this outcome. We were unable to combine the data due to differences in outcome measures. Three studies found that arrival times or prehospital delay time was no different between groups. One found that delay time was shorter in the intervention group. Moderate-certainty evidence suggests that multi-component interventions probably have little or no impact on mortality rates. Only one study on a pregnant population was eligible for inclusion in the review, which found no difference between groups in rates of stillbirth. In terms of unintended events, we found that interactional patient-facing interventions to increase patient and family involvement in escalation of care probably have few adverse effects on patient's anxiety levels (moderate-certainty evidence). None of the studies measured or reported patient and family perceptions of involvement in escalation of care or patient and family experience of patient care. Reported outcomes related to healthcare professionals were also not reported in any studies. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Our review identified that interactional patient-facing interventions and multi-component programmes (including staff) to increase patient and family involvement in escalation of care for acute life-threatening illness may improve patient and family knowledge about danger signs and care-seeking responses, and probably have few adverse effects on patient's anxiety levels when compared to usual care. Multi-component interventions probably have little impact on mortality rates. Further high-quality trials are required using multi-component interventions and a focus on relational elements of care. Cognitive and behavioural outcomes should be included at patient and staff level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Mackintosh
- SAPPHIRE, Department of Health Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Rachel E Davis
- Health Service & Population Research Department, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Abigail Easter
- Health Service & Population Research Department, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hannah Rayment-Jones
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nick Sevdalis
- Health Service & Population Research Department, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sophie Wilson
- Health Service & Population Research Department, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mary Adams
- Health Service & Population Research Department, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jane Sandall
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The spread of misinformation has accompanied the coronavirus pandemic, including topics such as immune boosting to prevent COVID-19. This study explores how immune boosting is portrayed on the internet during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN Content analysis. METHODS We compiled a dataset of 227 webpages from Google searches in Canada and the USA using the phrase 'boost immunity' AND 'coronavirus' on 1 April 2020. We coded webpages for typology and portrayal of immune boosting and supplements. We recorded mentions of microbiome, whether the webpage was selling or advertising an immune boosting product or service, and suggested strategies for boosting immunity. RESULTS No significant differences were found between webpages that appeared in the searches in Canada and the USA. The most common types of webpages were from news (40.5%) and commercial (24.7%) websites. The concept of immune boosting was portrayed as beneficial for avoiding COVID-19 in 85.5% of webpages and supplements were portrayed as beneficial in 40% of the webpages, but commercial sites were more likely to have these portrayals. The top immune boosting strategies were vitamin C (34.8%), diet (34.4%), sleep (34.4%), exercise (30.8%) and zinc (26.9%). Less than 10% of the webpages provide any critique of the concept of immune boosting. CONCLUSIONS Pairing evidence-based advice for maintaining one's health (eg, healthy diet, exercise, sleep) with the phrase immune boosting and strategies lacking in evidence may inadvertently help to legitimise the concept, making it a powerful marketing tool. Results demonstrate how the spread of misinformation is complex and often more subtle than blatant fraudulent claims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christen Rachul
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Benjamin Collins
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Anthropology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Timothy Caulfield
- Health Law Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Law, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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24
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Munsour EE, Awaisu A, Hassali MAA, Abdoun E, Dabbous Z, Zahran N, Ali H. The effect of tailored consumer medicine information on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomised controlled interventional study. Int J Clin Pract 2020; 74:e13527. [PMID: 32386077 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In patients with diabetes, better health communication is associated with better health outcomes including medication adherence and glycaemic control. The conventional patient information leaflet does not consider the cultural and behavioral perspectives of diverse patient populations. Consumer medicine information (CMI) is a written information about the prescription drugs developed by organisations or individuals other than a drug manufacturer that is intended for distribution to consumers at the time of medication dispensing. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the impact of CMI on medication adherence and glycaemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes in Qatar. METHODS We developed and customised CMI for all the anti-diabetic medications used in Qatar. A randomised controlled trial in which the intervention group patients (n = 66) received the customised CMI with usual care, while the control group patients (n = 74) received usual care only, was conducted. Self-reported medication adherence and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c ) were the primary outcome measures. Glycaemic control and medication adherence parameters were measured at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months in both groups. Medication adherence was measured using the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). RESULTS Although the addition of CMI resulted in better glycaemic control, this did not reach statistical significance, possibly because of the short-term follow-up. The median MMAS-8 score improved from baseline (6.6 [IQR = 1.5]) to 6-month follow-up (7.0 [IQR = 1.00]) in the intervention group. In addition, there was a statistically significant difference between the intervention and the control groups in terms of MMAS-8 score at the third visit (7.0 [IQR = 1.0]) vs 6.5 (IQR = 1.25; P-value = .010). CONCLUSION CMI for anti-diabetic medications when added to usual care has the potential to improve medication adherence and glycaemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, providing better health communication and CMI to patients with diabetes is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad E Munsour
- Pharmacy and Drug Control Department, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Awaisu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Enas Abdoun
- Pharmacy Department, National Diabetes Center, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zeinab Dabbous
- Diabetes/Endocrinology, National Diabetes Center, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Noran Zahran
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hamda Ali
- Diabetes/Endocrinology, National Diabetes Center, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Chesser A, Drassen Ham A, Keene Woods N. Assessment of COVID-19 Knowledge Among University Students: Implications for Future Risk Communication Strategies. Health Educ Behav 2020. [PMID: 32460566 DOI: 10.1177/1090198120931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe population knowledge and beliefs about COVID-19 and current social media coverage to address a gap in what is known about risk communication during health crises. A survey with 27 questions was developed. Twenty-three percent (N = 1,136) of respondents started the survey. Less than half of the students reported a high health literacy level (43%, n = 365/855). When asked where students have heard about COVID-19, the majority reported the Internet and social media. Students reported a basic level of COVID-19 knowledge, but few students (18%, n = 173/966) correctly identified all three signs and/or symptoms of COVID-19. Results highlight the need for an increased public health presence on social media and the urgent need to remain diligent in educating community members about COVID-19 myths.
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Aguilar A. COVID-19. Considerations about the overwhelming and indiscriminate scientific information and its dissemination. ARCH ARGENT PEDIATR 2020; 118:226-227. [PMID: 32677779 DOI: 10.5546/aap.2020.eng.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Mac OA, Thayre A, Tan S, Dodd RH. Web-Based Health Information Following the Renewal of the Cervical Screening Program in Australia: Evaluation of Readability, Understandability, and Credibility. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e16701. [PMID: 32442134 PMCID: PMC7381085 DOI: 10.2196/16701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three main changes were implemented in the Australian National Cervical Screening Program (NCSP) in December 2017: an increase in the recommended age to start screening, extended screening intervals, and change from the Papanicolaou (Pap) test to primary human papillomavirus screening (cervical screening test). The internet is a readily accessible source of information to explain the reasons for these changes to the public. It is important that web-based health information about changes to national screening programs is accessible and understandable for the general population. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate Australian web-based resources that provide information about the changes to the cervical screening program. METHODS The term cervical screening was searched in 3 search engines. The first 10 relevant results across the first 3 pages of each search engine were selected. Overall, 2 authors independently evaluated each website for readability (Flesch Reading Ease [FRE], Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook [SMOG] index), quality of information (Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool [PEMAT] for printable materials), credibility (Journal of the American Medical Association [JAMA] benchmark criteria and presence of Health on the Net Foundation code of conduct [HONcode] certification), website design, and usability with 5 simulation questions to assess the relevance of information. A descriptive analysis was conducted for the readability measures, PEMAT, and the JAMA benchmark criteria. RESULTS Of the 49 websites identified in the search, 15 were eligible for inclusion. The consumer-focused websites were classed as fairly difficult to read (mean FRE score 51.8, SD 13.3). The highest FRE score (easiest to read) was 70.4 (Cancer Council Australia Cervical Screening Consumer Site), and the lowest FRE score (most difficult to read) was 33.0 (NCSP Clinical Guidelines). A total of 9 consumer-focused websites and 4 health care provider-focused websites met the recommended threshold (sixth to eighth grade; SMOG index) for readability. The mean PEMAT understandability scores were 87.7% (SD 6.0%) for consumer-focused websites and 64.9% (SD 13.8%) for health care provider-focused websites. The mean actionability scores were 58.1% (SD 19.1%) for consumer-focused websites and 36.7% (SD 11.0%) for health care provider-focused websites. Moreover, 9 consumer-focused and 3 health care provider-focused websites scored above 70% for understandability, and 2 consumer-focused websites had an actionability score above 70%. A total of 3 websites met all 4 of the JAMA benchmark criteria, and 2 websites displayed the HONcode. CONCLUSIONS It is important for women to have access to information that is at an appropriate reading level to better understand the implications of the changes to the cervical screening program. These findings can help health care providers direct their patients toward websites that provide information on cervical screening that is written at accessible reading levels and has high understandability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia A Mac
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amy Thayre
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shumei Tan
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rachael H Dodd
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Russo L, Russo S. Search engines, cognitive biases and the man-computer interaction: a theoretical framework for empirical researches about cognitive biases in online search on health-related topics. Med Health Care Philos 2020; 23:237-246. [PMID: 32056071 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-020-09940-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of online search engines to answer the general public's needs for information has raised concerns about possible biases and the emerging of a 'filter bubble' in which users are isolated from attitude-discordant messages. Research is split between approaches that largely focus on the intrinsic limitations of search engines and approaches that investigate user search behavior. This work evaluates the findings and limitations of both approaches and advances a theoretical framework for empirical investigations of cognitive biases in online search activities about health-related topics. We aim to investigate the interaction between the user and the search engine as a whole. Online search activity about health-related topics is considered as a hypothesis-testing process. Two questions emerge: whether the retrieved information provided by the search engines are fit to fulfill their role as evidence, and whether the use of this information by users is cognitively and epistemologically valid and unbiased.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selena Russo
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
- Behavioural Sciences Unit, Kids Cancer Centre, Level 1 South, Sydney Children's Hospital, High Street, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.
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Lühnen J, Berger-Höger B, Haastert B, Hinneburg J, Kasper J, Steckelberg A. Efficacy of a training programme to support the application of the guideline evidence-based health information: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2020; 21:425. [PMID: 32450901 PMCID: PMC7249368 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04287-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evidence-based guideline entitled guideline evidence-based health information emerged from the German Network for Evidence-based Medicine (DNEbM) and was published in February 2017. The guideline addresses providers of health information and its goal is to improve the quality of health information. In addition, we explored the competences of providers of health information and developed a training programme. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a training programme addressing providers of health information to support the application of the guideline evidence-based health information. We expected the intervention to improve the quality of health information in comparison to the provision of the guideline on its own. METHODS/DESIGN The trial uses a superiority randomised control group design with 10 months' follow-up. Twenty-six providers of health information (groups with up to ten members) will be enrolled to compare the intervention (guideline and training programme) with usual care (a publicly available guideline). The 5-day training programme comprises an evidence-based medicine training module and a module to prepare the application of the guideline. The primary outcome parameter is the quality of the health information. Quality is operationalised as the extent of adherence to the guideline's recommendations. Each provider will prepare a single health information item informing a health-related decision on a topic freely chosen before randomisation. The quality of this information will be rated using the Mapping Health Information Quality (MAPPinfo) Checklist. An accompanying process evaluation will then be conducted. DISCUSSION The study results should show whether the efficacy of the intervention justifies implementation of the training programme to enhance health information developers' competences in evidence-based medicine and to ensure high-quality evidence-based health information (EBHI) in the long term. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN registry, ID: ISRCTN96941060. Registered on 7 March 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lühnen
- Institute for Health and Nursing Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Birte Berger-Höger
- Institute for Health and Nursing Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Jana Hinneburg
- Institute for Health and Nursing Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jürgen Kasper
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, University of Tromsø, Postbox 6050, Langnes, Norway
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anke Steckelberg
- Institute for Health and Nursing Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Khatri P, Singh SR, Belani NK, Yeong YL, Lohan R, Lim YW, Teo WZ. YouTube as source of information on 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak: a cross sectional study of English and Mandarin content. Travel Med Infect Dis 2020; 35:101636. [PMID: 32205267 PMCID: PMC7118680 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is rapidly evolving. YouTube has been recognized as a popular source of information in previous disease outbreaks. We analyzed the content on YouTube about n-CoV in English and Mandarin languages. METHODS YouTube was searched using the terms '2019 novel coronavirus', 'Wuhan virus' and '' (Mandarin for Wuhan virus) on 1st and 2nd February 2020. First 50 videos in each group were analyzed. Videos in other languages, duplicate videos, those without an audio and duration >15 min were excluded .72 videos in English and 42 in Mandarin were reviewed. 2 reviewers classified the videos as useful, misleading or news based on pre specified criterion. Inter-observer agreement was evaluated with kappa coefficient. Modified DISCERN index for reliability and medical information and content index (MICI) score were used for content analysis. RESULTS These videos attracted cumulative 21,288,856 views. 67% of English and 50% Mandarin videos had useful information. The viewership of misleading Mandarin videos was higher than the useful ones. WHO accounted for only 4% of useful videos. Mean DISCERN score for reliability was 3.12/5 and 3.25/5 for English and Mandarin videos respectively. Mean cumulative MICI score of useful videos was low (6.71/25 for English and 6.28/25 for Mandarin). CONCLUSIONS YouTube viewership during 2019 n-CoV outbreak is higher than previous outbreaks. The medical content of videos is suboptimal International health agencies are underrepresented. Given its popularity, YouTube should be considered as important platform for information dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Khatri
- Fast and Chronic Programmes, Alexandra Hospital , 378 Alexandra Road, 159964, Singapore; Division of Nephrology, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, 119228, Singapore.
| | - Shweta R Singh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, 119077, Singapore.
| | - Neeta Kesu Belani
- Fast and Chronic Programmes, Alexandra Hospital , 378 Alexandra Road, 159964, Singapore.
| | - Yin Leng Yeong
- Fast and Chronic Programmes, Alexandra Hospital , 378 Alexandra Road, 159964, Singapore.
| | - Rahul Lohan
- Department of Radiology, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 90 Yishun Central, 768828, Singapore.
| | - Yee Wei Lim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, 119077, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, 119077, Singapore.
| | - Winnie Zy Teo
- Fast and Chronic Programmes, Alexandra Hospital , 378 Alexandra Road, 159964, Singapore; Department of Haematology-Oncology, National Cancer Institute Singapore (NCIS), National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, 119228, Singapore.
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Dobbs PD, Clawson AH, Gowin M, Cheney MK. Where college students look for vaping information and what information they believe. J Am Coll Health 2020; 68:347-356. [PMID: 30615581 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1549557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This convergent mixed methods study examined how information sources influence college students' beliefs and knowledge about vaping. Participants: College students either completed a survey (n = 522; January-April, 2016) or were interviewed (n = 33; 2015-2016). Methods: College students completed an online survey asking 'where' students had heard about e-cigarette and 'what' they had heard. Responses were quantified and a chi-square analysis was conducted. Additional college student e-cigarette users were interviewed about the credibility of information sources. Thematic analysis was conducted with the coded interviews. Results: There was a significant relationship between information sources for e-cigarettes (social sources, media, advertising, education/research) and the messages they recalled. Friends who vaped and e-cigarette users were the most credible information sources. Confirmation bias and scientific impotence bias characterized assessment of e-cigarette information. Conclusions: Health education specialists working on college campuses should provide accurate information via communication channels most unitized by college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Page D Dobbs
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Ashley H Clawson
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Mary Gowin
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Marshall K Cheney
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
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Hinneburg J, Lühnen J, Steckelberg A, Berger-Höger B. A blended learning training programme for health information providers to enhance implementation of the Guideline Evidence-based Health Information: development and qualitative pilot study. BMC Med Educ 2020; 20:77. [PMID: 32183798 PMCID: PMC7079382 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-020-1966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Guideline Evidence-based Health Information was published in 2017 and addresses health information providers. The long-term goal of the guideline is to improve the quality of health information. Evidence-based health information represents a prerequisite for informed decision-making. Health information providers lack competences in evidence-based medicine. Therefore, our aim was to develop and pilot-test a blended learning training programme for health information providers to enhance application of the guideline. METHODS 1. DEVELOPMENT We developed the training programme according to the Medical Research Council guidance for developing and evaluating complex interventions. The training programme was planned on the basis of problem-based learning. It aims to impart competences in evidence-based medicine. Furthermore, it comprises the application of criteria for evidence-based health information. 2.Pilot testing: We conducted a qualitative pilot study focusing on the acceptability and feasibility of the training programme. Health information providers were recruited and in-house training sessions were offered. Feasibility and acceptability were explored by structured class observations and in semi-structured focus group interviews with the participants after the training sessions. The transcripts and documentations were analysed using qualitative content analysis according to Mayring. The training was revised iteratively according to the results. RESULTS We conducted two training courses with 17 participants between November 2018 and March 2019. The adequacy of the training for the target group was identified as a major issue. There was significant heterogeneity concerning previous knowledge. Some wished to delve deeper while others seemed to be overwhelmed. In general, the work tasks were understandable. However, the participants asked for a more detailed theoretical introduction in advance. The practical relevance of the evidence-based medicine contents was rated rather low compared to the content about evidence-based health information. Based on these results, we revised the programme. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the training proved to be feasible for implementation. Meeting the needs of all the participants was a challenge, since they were heterogeneous. Not all of them will be able or intend to implement the training contents into their working routine to the full extent. The implementation will be evaluated in a randomised controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Hinneburg
- Institute for Health and Nursing Science, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Julia Lühnen
- Institute for Health and Nursing Science, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anke Steckelberg
- Institute for Health and Nursing Science, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Birte Berger-Höger
- Institute for Health and Nursing Science, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Dhakal B. Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Pubertal Health among Adolescent Girls. J Nepal Health Res Counc 2020; 17:437-442. [PMID: 32001845 DOI: 10.33314/jnhrc.v17i4.1559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a critical period and is associated with physical and psycho-social changes induced by puberty, which builds personality, behaviour, and future health of the adolescents. Thus, the aim of the study was to find out the knowledge and attitude regarding pubertal health of adolescence girls. METHODS A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in Bharatpur Metropolitan City's secondary level schools. A total of 183 adolescent girls were selected using probability simple random sampling from 5 schools out of total 43 schools which were also selected by simple random sampling technique. Data was collected by using structured self-administered questionnaire for knowledge and likert's scale was used for attitude regarding pubertal health. RESULTS Study findings revealed that 61.4% of the students belonged to early adolescence (11-14) age group with the mean age 14.27±1.33 years. Majority (80.3%) had moderate level of knowledge and around half (48.6%) had positive attitude. Knowledge and attitude varied with the respondents' level of education (p=0.001), relation to sibling (p=0.013) and source of information by elder sister (p=0.022), teachers/school (p=0.001).Moderately positive correlation was found between knowledge and attitude which was highly significant (r=0.395, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Majority of respondents had moderate level of knowledge and half of the respondent had positive attitude regarding pubertal health. Findings of the study emphasizes on improvement in education of adolescent girls which can help uplift health status and minimize vulnerability to health issues of pubertal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binita Dhakal
- College of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur-10, Chitwan, Nepal
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Fitz Maurice M, Di Tommaso F, Baranchuk A. [Effect of an intervention on social networks in the time of COVID-19]. Medicina (B Aires) 2020; 80:310. [PMID: 32442956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adrián Baranchuk
- Division of Cardiology, Kingston Health Science Center, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. E-mail:
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Zhou X, Crippa A, Danielsson AK, Galanti MR, Orsini N. Effect of tobacco control policies on the Swedish smoking quitline using intervention time-series analysis. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e033650. [PMID: 31843849 PMCID: PMC6924841 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To coherently examine the responsiveness of the Swedish National Tobacco Quitline (SNTQ) to different types of anti-smoking policies over an extended period of calendar time. DESIGN Quasi-experimental design with an intervention time-series analysis based on 19 years series of data collected between January 1999 and August 2017 (224 months). Statistical inference on calling rates and rate ratios was obtained using intervention time-series models (Poisson regression and transfer functions). PARTICIPANTS A total of 179 851 phone calls to the SNTQ. INTERVENTIONS Recent application of the 2014/40/ European Union (EU) Tobacco Products Directive in 2016. Historical interventions such as a campaign on passive smoking in January 2001; introduction of larger text warnings on cigarette packages since September 2002; banning smoking in restaurants since June 2005; and tobacco tax increase by 10% since January 2012. OUTCOME MEASURE Calling rates to the SNTQ expressed per 100 000 smokers. SETTING Sweden. RESULTS The introduction of large pictorial warnings together with text warnings on cigarette packages (May 2016) was associated with a 35% increase in SNTQ calling rate (95% CI 1.16 to 1.57). The campaign on passive smoking (Jan 2001) was associated with a 61% higher calling rate (95% CI 1.06 to 2.45). Larger text warnings on cigarette packs (Sept 2002) conferred a 28% increment in the calling rate (95% CI 1.15 to 1.42); and prohibition to smoke in restaurants (Jun 2005) was associated with a 15% increase in the calling rate (95% CI 1.01 to 1.30). The 10% tobacco tax increase (Jan 2012) was associated with a 3% higher calling rate (95% CI 0.90 to 1.19). CONCLUSIONS Within an overall decreasing trend of daily smoking in Sweden, we found that the recent introduction of pictorial warnings together with text warnings and referral text had a discernible positive impact on the calling rates to the smoking quitline. We were also able to detect a likely impact of earlier nationwide interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwu Zhou
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alessio Crippa
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Maria R Galanti
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm Health Care District, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicola Orsini
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
In order to increase access to medical services, expanding coverage has long been the preferred solution of policy makers and advocates alike. The calculus appeared straightforward: provide individuals with insurance, and they will be able to see a provider when needed. However, this line of thinking overlooks a crucial intermediary step: provider networks. As provider networks offered by health insurers link available medical services to insurance coverage, their breadth mediates access to health care. Yet the regulation of provider networks is technically, logistically, and normatively complex. What does network regulation currently look like and what should it look like in the future? We take inventory of the ways private and public entities regulate provider networks. Variation across insurance programs and products is truly remarkable, not grounded in empirical justification, and at times inherently absurd. We argue that regulators should be pragmatic and focus on plausible policy levers. These include assuring network accuracy, transparency for consumers, and consumer protections from grievous inadequacies. Ultimately, government regulation provides an important foundation for ensuring minimum levels of access and providing consumers with meaningful information. Yet, information is only truly empowering if consumers can exercise at least some choice in balancing costs, access, and quality.
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Hallit S, Layoun N, Malaeb D, Outayek M, Boueid MJ, Waked M, Bacha ZA, Salameh P. The impact of textual and pictorial warnings on tumbac (waterpipe tobacco) boxes on the motivation and intention to quit waterpipe smoking in Lebanon: a cross-sectional study. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:36647-36657. [PMID: 31734838 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06801-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Few published studies have examined the impact of waterpipe tobacco pictorial health warnings worldwide but none of these papers assessed the motivation and intention to quit among Lebanese waterpipe smokers. To examine factors associated with the motivation and intention to quit waterpipe smoking (WS) in Lebanon, particularly the impact of textual vs. pictorial warnings on tumbac boxes. A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and May 2018, involving 520 participants. Having smokers at work (OR = 0.92) and increasing number of waterpipes per week (ORa = 0.94) were associated with decreased motivation to quit WS. Thinking that shocking images on tumbac packages would have more effect than textual warnings (ORa = 2.96) and those who would change the tumbac if the company decides to change the look of the box with shocking images about health damage (ORa = 1.98) were significantly associated with increased motivation to quit WS. Having a high motivation (ORa = 2.61), thinking that using shocking images on tumbac boxes can have more effect than textual warnings (ORa = 2.12), those who stopped smoking because of the warnings (ORa = 2.62), those who would choose pictorial warnings alone (ORa = 2.11), and both pictorial and textual warnings (ORa = 3.41) on tumbac packages were associated with higher intention to quit WS in two months. Pictorial and textual warnings on tumbac packs were associated with higher intention and motivation to stop WS. Public health education programs for this purpose seem warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souheil Hallit
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Nelly Layoun
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Diana Malaeb
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Paris-Est University, Paris, France
| | - Miguella Outayek
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Marie-Josée Boueid
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Mirna Waked
- Department of Pulmonology, St George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Medicine, Balamand University, Koura, Lebanon
| | - Zeina Aoun Bacha
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hotel-Dieu de France, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Baumann E, Scherer H, Link E, Wiltfang J, Wenz HJ, Koller M, Hertrampf K. Exploratory Research Focusing on Oral Cancer Prevention: Challenges of Dealing With Informational and Cognitive Barriers. Qual Health Res 2019; 29:1930-1941. [PMID: 30296926 DOI: 10.1177/1049732318802263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer is a considerable public health problem, and a low level of awareness and knowledge about this tumor and its risk factors is prevalent. To gain a profound understanding of risks groups and to identify suitable communication strategies for a prevention campaign in Northern Germany, an exploratory research was realized. In semistructured face-to-face interviews, the participants of the study (n = 28) described their individual oral cancer-related perceptions and information-seeking behaviors. A computer-assisted qualitative data analysis showed a vague but also deterring picture of cancer combined with restricted attitudes toward the topic and an inactive or even avoiding information behavior. Four underlying cognitive patterns of self-distancing were identified: (a) optimistic bias, (b) fatalism, (c) hedonism, and (d) pragmatism. The main challenge of oral cancer prevention is to deal with the target groups' informational and cognitive barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Baumann
- Hanover University of Music, Drama and Media, Hanover, Germany
| | - Helmut Scherer
- Hanover University of Music, Drama and Media, Hanover, Germany
| | - Elena Link
- Hanover University of Music, Drama and Media, Hanover, Germany
| | - Jörg Wiltfang
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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Petersen A, Tanner C, Munsie M. Navigating the cartographies of trust: how patients and carers establish the credibility of online treatment claims. Sociol Health Illn 2019; 41 Suppl 1:50-64. [PMID: 31599982 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Digital media offer citizens novel ways of 'enacting' health and illness, and treatment and care. However, while digital media may so 'empower' citizens, those searching for credible information will be confronted with various, often-conflicting claims that may have 'disempowering' effects. This article uses Gieryn's concept of the 'cultural cartography' to explore the criteria that patients and carers employ in establishing the credibility of information on alleged treatments. Drawing on data from interviews with Australian patients and carers who have travelled or considered travelling abroad for unproven commercial stem cell treatments, the article examines how individuals assess rival sources of epistemic authority - science-based and non-science-based - as they search for credible information. As we argue, in a context where conventional treatment options are perceived to be limited or non-existent - which is likely to be the case with those suffering severe, life-limiting conditions - and the credibility of sources uncertain, matters of opinion and belief are prone to being interpreted as matters of fact, with potentially far-reaching implications for citizens' health. Revealing the mechanisms by which individuals ascribe credibility to health information, we conclude, has become crucial as digital media assume a growing role in health and healthcare and governments encourage citizens to become 'digitally literate'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Petersen
- Sociology and Gender Studies, School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Claire Tanner
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Centre for Stem Cell Systems, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Megan Munsie
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Centre for Stem Cell Systems, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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Pires C, Rosa PJ, Vigário M, Cavaco A. Validation of a new tool for evaluating subjects' satisfaction with medicine package leaflets: a cross-sectional descriptive study. SAO PAULO MED J 2019; 137:454-462. [PMID: 31939571 PMCID: PMC9745827 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2019.0123160919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Package leaflets of medicines need to be intelligible, but tools for their evaluation are scarce. OBJECTIVE To validate a new tool for assessing subjects' satisfaction with medicine package leaflets (LiS-RPL). DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in two regions of Portugal (Lisbon and Centre). METHODS 503 participants (53.1% male) were selected according to convenience and homogenously distributed into three groups: 1 to 6; 7 to 12; and > 12 years of schooling. LiS-RPL was developed based on international regulation guidelines and was initially composed of 14 items. Twelve package leaflets were tested. Dimensionality calculations included: exploratory factor analysis and minimum rank factor analysis; Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin index and Bartlett's sphericity test to assess matrix adequacy for exploratory factor analysis; exploratory bifactor analysis with Schmid-Leiman solution to detect possible existence of a broad second-order factor; and Bentler's Simplicity Index and Loading Simplicity Index to assess factor simplicity. Diverse coefficients were calculated to assess reliability. RESULTS Minimum rank factor analysis detected a two-factor or single-factor structure. Exploratory factor analysis with 12 items showed a two-factor structure, explaining 69.11% of the variance. These items were strongly correlated with each other (r = 0.80). Schmid-Leiman: all items seemed to represent the general factor (loadings above 0.50), which was 76.4% of the extracted variance. Simplicity indices were good (percentile 99): Bentler's Simplicity Index of 0.99 and Loading Simplicity Index of 0.48. Internal consistency indexes indicated good reliability. LiS-RPL was shown to be homogenous. CONCLUSION LiS-RPL is a validated tool for evaluating subjects' satisfaction with medicine package leaflets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Pires
- PhD. Pharmacist and Invited Professor, Department of Pharmacotherapy, Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies (CBIOS), Universidade Lusófona, Campo Grande, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Joel Rosa
- PhD. Psychologist, Statistician and Assistant Professor, Psychology Department, School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Lusophone University of Humanities and Technologies (ULHT), Lisbon, Portugal; Human Environment Interaction Lab (HEI-lab), ULHT, Lisbon, Portugal; Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Cis-IUL, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Marina Vigário
- PhD. Linguist and Associate Professor, Department of General and Romance Linguistics, School of Arts and Humanities & Centre of Linguistics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Afonso Cavaco
- PhD. Pharmacist and Associate Professor, Department of Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Kessler SH, Zillich AF. Searching Online for Information About Vaccination: Assessing the Influence of User-Specific Cognitive Factors Using Eye-Tracking. Health Commun 2019; 34:1150-1158. [PMID: 29676600 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2018.1465793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In Germany, the Internet is gaining increasing importance for laypeople as a source of health information, including information about vaccination. While previous research has focused on the characteristics of online information about vaccination, this study investigated the influence of relevant user-specific cognitive factors on users' search behavior for online information about vaccination. Additionally, it examined how searching online for information about vaccination influences users' attitudes toward vaccination. We conducted an experimental study with 56 undergraduate students from a German university that consisted of a survey and eye-tracking while browsing the Internet, followed by a content analysis of the eye-tracking data. The results show that the users exposed themselves to balanced and diverse online information about vaccination. However, none of the examined cognitive factors (attitude toward vaccination, attitude salience, prior knowledge about vaccination, need for cognition, and cognitive involvement) influenced the amount of time users spent searching the Internet for information about vaccination. Our study was not able to document any effects of attitude-consistent selective exposure to online information about vaccination. In addition, we found no effect on attitude change after having searched the Internet for vaccine-related information. Thus, users' search behavior regarding vaccination seems to be relatively stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Heike Kessler
- a IKMZ - Department of Communication and Media Research, Division Science, Crisis & Risk Communication, University of Zurich
| | - Arne Freya Zillich
- b Institute of Communication Research, Chair of Mediated Communication and Media Effects, Friedrich Schiller University Jena
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Yang L, Mao Y, Jansz J. Understanding the Chinese Hui Ethnic Minority's Information Seeking on Cardiovascular Diseases: A Focus Group Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16152784. [PMID: 31382662 PMCID: PMC6696336 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16152784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The Chinese Hui ethnic minority group is an Islamic minority. The Hui people comprise the third largest minority population in China and are widely distributed throughout the country. Previous research shows that the Hui had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) than most other ethnic groups. Therefore, the availability of health information relating to these factors is especially important for the Hui minority’s preventive healthcare. They do, however, experience difficulties in obtaining health-related information. The current research aims to identify the needs of the Hui people on where and how they obtain cardiovascular disease (CVD) related information from the media and other sources. Six focus groups were conducted in Shenyang City. The results revealed that the participants relied on different sources to get advice about CVDs, of which the internet and television were the most prominent ones. The participants expressed a desire for credible and professional information from different sources and asked for mediated health communication programs specifically targeted at the Hui. In addition, the participants felt ignored by the Chinese mainstream media at large, which created barriers for them to get health information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Erasmus Research Centre for Media, Communication and Culture, Erasmus School of History, Culture and Communication, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3062 PA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Yuping Mao
- Department of Communication Studies, College of Liberal Arts, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
| | - Jeroen Jansz
- Erasmus Research Centre for Media, Communication and Culture, Erasmus School of History, Culture and Communication, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3062 PA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Gitlin LN, Marx K, Scerpella D, Dabelko-Schoeny H, Anderson KA, Huang J, Pizzi L, Jutkowitz E, Roth DL, Gaugler JE. Embedding caregiver support in community-based services for older adults: A multi-site randomized trial to test the Adult Day Service Plus Program (ADS Plus). Contemp Clin Trials 2019; 83:97-108. [PMID: 31238172 PMCID: PMC7069225 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
There are over five million people in the United States living with dementia. Most live at home and are cared for by family. These family caregivers often assume care responsibilities without education about the disease, skills training, or support, and in turn become at risk for depression, burden, and adverse health outcomes when compared to non-dementia caregivers. Despite over 200 caregiver interventions with proven benefits, many caregivers lack access to these programs. One approach to enhance access is to embed evidence-based caregiver support programs in existing community-based services for people with dementia such as adult day services (ADS). Here we describe the protocol for an embedded pragmatic trial designed to augment standard ADS known as ADS Plus. ADS Plus provides family caregivers with support via education, referrals, and problem-solving techniques over 12 months, and is delivered on-site by existing ADS staff. Embedding a program in ADS requires an understanding of outcomes and implementation processes in that specific context. Thus, we deploy a hybrid design involving a cluster randomized two-group trial to evaluate treatment effects on caregiver wellbeing, ADS utilization, as well as nursing home placement. We describe implementation practices in 30 to 50 geographically and racially/ethnically diverse participating sites. Clinical trial registration #: NCT02927821.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Gitlin
- Drexel University, 1601 Cherry Street, 10th Floor, Room 1092, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States of America.
| | - Katherine Marx
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Center for Innovative Care in Aging, 901 N. Broadway, Room 214, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America.
| | - Daniel Scerpella
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Center for Innovative Care in Aging, 901 North Broadway, 2nd Floor, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America.
| | - Holly Dabelko-Schoeny
- College of Social Work, 207 Stillman Hall, 1947 College Rd N., Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America.
| | - Keith A Anderson
- University of Montana, School of Social Work, 014 Jeannette Rankin Hall, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812-4392, United States of America.
| | - Jin Huang
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Center on Aging and Health, 2024 East Monument Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America.
| | - Laura Pizzi
- University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Center for Health Outcomes, Policy, and Economics, 160 Frelinghuysen Road - Suite 417, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America.
| | - Eric Jutkowitz
- Brown University School of Public Health, Department of Health Services, Policy & Practice, BoxG-S121 (6), 121 S Main Street, Providence, RI 02912, United States of America.
| | - David L Roth
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Center on Aging and Health, 2024 East Monument Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America.
| | - Joseph E Gaugler
- University of Minnesota, School of Nursing, 308 SE Harvard St, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND My Diabetes My Way (MDMW) is an electronic personal health record (ePHR) that provides access to educational resources and clinical data to people with diabetes in Scotland. This questionnaire study aims to assess user experience, barriers to access, and inform future development. METHODS All active MDMW users (n = 3797) were invited to complete an online questionnaire in May 2015, surveying usage patterns and system utility. A "utility score" was calculated, based on responses to Likert-scale questions and used as the dependent variable within regression analysis, with demographic features as independent predictors. Free-text responses were analyzed thematically and presented using descriptive statistics. RESULTS A total of 1095/3797 (27.5%) active users completed the survey. Of them, 690/1095 (63%) were male. There was representation of all age and socioeconomic groups. Respondents were positive regarding the system utility, which met expectations. The majority of respondents believed that online access to diabetes information has the potential to improve diabetes self-care within the population. The most valued features were personal clinical data associated visualizations. Th main problems cited were data accuracy and system access (ie, log-in procedure). Perceived usefulness of the system was inversely associated with duration of diabetes, which was the only significant predictor of utility score. CONCLUSIONS This study has demonstrated that MDMW users find the system useful in supporting diabetes self-management. The system was found to have greatest utility among those most recently diagnosed with diabetes. This study has informed further development of the service, including enhancing data visualization and the need to improve access to the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Thomas Conway
- NHS Tayside, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee,
UK
- Nicholas Thomas Conway, MBChB, MRCPCH, MPH,
MD, NHS Tayside, MACHS Building, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
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Martin A, Stewart JR, Gaskins J, Medlin E. A Systematic Assessment of Google Search Queries and Readability of Online Gynecologic Oncology Patient Education Materials. J Cancer Educ 2019; 34:435-440. [PMID: 29353371 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-017-1319-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Internet is a major source of health information for gynecologic cancer patients. In this study, we systematically explore common Google search terms related to gynecologic cancer and calculate readability of top resulting websites. We used Google AdWords Keyword Planner to generate a list of commonly searched keywords related to gynecologic oncology, which were sorted into five groups (cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, vulvar cancer, vaginal cancer) using five patient education websites from sgo.org . Each keyword was Google searched to create a list of top websites. The Python programming language (version 3.5.1) was used to describe frequencies of keywords, top-level domains (TLDs), domains, and readability of top websites using four validated formulae. Of the estimated 1,846,950 monthly searches resulting in 62,227 websites, the most common was cancer.org . The most common TLD was *.com. Most websites were above the eighth-grade reading level recommended by the American Medical Association (AMA) and the National Institute of Health (NIH). The SMOG Index was the most reliable formula. The mean grade level readability for all sites using SMOG was 9.4 ± 2.3, with 23.9% of sites falling at or below the eighth-grade reading level. The first ten results for each Google keyword were easiest to read with results beyond the first page of Google being consistently more difficult. Keywords related to gynecologic malignancies are Google-searched frequently. Most websites are difficult to read without a high school education. This knowledge may help gynecologic oncology providers adequately meet the needs of their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Martin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 529 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - J Ryan Stewart
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 529 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Jeremy Gaskins
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Erin Medlin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 529 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
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Zrubka Z, Hajdu O, Rencz F, Baji P, Gulácsi L, Péntek M. Psychometric properties of the Hungarian version of the eHealth Literacy Scale. Eur J Health Econ 2019; 20:57-69. [PMID: 31098883 PMCID: PMC6544600 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-019-01062-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We adapted the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) for Hungary and tested its psychometric properties on a large representative online sample of the general population. METHODS The Hungarian version of eHEALS was developed using forward-backward translation. For the valuation study, 1000 respondents were recruited in early 2019 from a large online panel by a survey company. We tested internal consistency, test-retest reliability and construct and criterion validity using classical test theory, as well as item characteristics using an item-response theory (IRT) graded response model (GRM). RESULTS 55% of respondents were female, and 22.1% were ≥ 65 years old. Mean eHEALS score was 29.2 (SD: 5.18). Internal consistency was good (Cronbach's α = 0.90), and test-retest reliability was moderate (intraclass correlation r = 0.64). We identified a single-factor structure by exploratory factor analysis, explaining 85% of test variance. Essential criteria for GRM analysis were met. Items 3 and 4 (search of health resources) were the least difficult, followed by items 5 and 8 (utilisation of health information), and then items 1 and 2 (awareness of health resources). Items 6 and 7 (appraisal of health resources) were most difficult. The measurement properties of eHEALS were not affected by gender, age, education or income levels. Female gender, older age, intensity of health information seeking, formal health education and visit at the electronic health-record website were associated with higher eHEALS scores, as well as best and worst self-perceived health states, BMI < 25 and participation at health screenings over the past year. CONCLUSIONS The Hungarian eHEALS is a useful and valid tool for measuring subjective eHealth literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsombor Zrubka
- Department of Health Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8., 1093, Budapest, Hungary.
- Doctoral School of Management, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8., 1093, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ottó Hajdu
- Department of Comparative Economics, Eötvös Loránd University, Egyetem tér 1-3, 1053, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fanni Rencz
- Department of Health Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8., 1093, Budapest, Hungary
- Premium Postdoctoral Research Program, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Nádor u. 7, 1051, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Petra Baji
- Department of Health Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8., 1093, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Gulácsi
- Department of Health Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8., 1093, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta Péntek
- Department of Health Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8., 1093, Budapest, Hungary
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Ko D, Myung E, Moon TJ, Shah DV. Physical activity in persons with diabetes: its relationship with media use for health information, socioeconomic status and age. Health Educ Res 2019; 34:257-267. [PMID: 30759200 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyz003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although low socio-economic status (SES) persons with diabetes show low levels of physical activity (PA), there is limited knowledge regarding which media is effective in improving their PA. This study aimed to determine the appropriate media for providing PA-related information to persons with diabetes in low SES compared with those in high SES. The data of 770 persons with diabetes in low or high SES were extracted from Multimedia Audience Research Systems 2013, a nationwide cross-sectional study. The relationships among media use for health information (i.e. magazine, television and Internet use), PA, and high and low SES were examined using regression analysis. Additional analysis was conducted to examine whether the above relationships differ by age, which influences the use of media. The relationships of media use for health information with PA levels varied by SES; while television use was associated with increased PA levels, Internet use was associated with decreased PA levels in older, low SES persons with diabetes. The findings indicated that television can be a useful resource to provide PA-related information to low SES persons with diabetes and suggest the significance of choosing appropriate media to provide PA-related information for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dami Ko
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 701 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Eunyoung Myung
- School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 821 University Avenue, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Tae-Joon Moon
- School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 821 University Avenue, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dhavan V Shah
- School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 821 University Avenue, Madison, WI, USA
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Abstract
This article focuses on what Luis von Ahn called the "twofer," that is, a single solution that elegantly addresses two problems on a large scale. We describe two of von Ahn's creations: reCAPTCHA, which validates a human web presence while also digitizing hard-to-read words, and Duolingo, which teaches new languages while translating the web. We then consider how this approach can be applied to medical education. Embedding Wikipedia-editing into educational settings is one such solution that could both improve the quality of health information available to the public while enhancing the learning of future health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Tackett
- a Department of Medicine , Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Shiv Gaglani
- b Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Osmosis , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - James Heilman
- c Department of Emergency Medicine , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
| | - Amin Azzam
- d Department of Psychiatry , University of California, School of Medicine , San Francisco , CA , USA
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50
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Tao D, Yuan J, Qu X. Effects of presentation formats on consumers' performance and perceptions in the use of personal health records among older and young adults. Patient Educ Couns 2019; 102:578-585. [PMID: 30318383 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of presentation formats on consumers' performance and perceptions in the use of personal health records (PHRs) and to compare the effects between older and young adults. METHODS A two-factor, mixed design experiment was conducted, where 36 older and 36 young participants were presented with hypothetical PHRs. The PHRs were randomly presented by six presentation formats: three tables and three line graphs, varying by visual cues. Participants' performance and perceptions in the use of PHRs were measured. RESULTS Presentation formats affected participants' performance and perceptions. Visual cue-enhanced line graphs and tables yielded less time and fewer errors, were considered easier and more useful in information comprehension, and resulted in higher confidence in correct comprehension of PHRs (all p's < 0.01), compared with their basic counterparts. There were age-related differences in task performance (all p's < 0.05), while young and older adults had similar perceptions for the six formats. Line graph with colored background was most preferred by both groups. CONCLUSION Visual cue-enhanced presentation formats appear effective in facilitating comprehension and eliciting favorable perceptions of PHRs for both young and older adults. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Consumer-facing displays of PHRs could use visual cue-enhanced presentation formats to facilitate comprehension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Tao
- Institute of Human Factors and Ergonomics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Juan Yuan
- Institute of Human Factors and Ergonomics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xingda Qu
- Institute of Human Factors and Ergonomics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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