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Ma X, Guo R, Xu H, Ma Y, Zhang R, Liu X, Zhang J, Han Y. Developmental adcyap1b loss leads to hemorrhage, disrupted hemostasis, and a blood coagulation cascade in zebrafish. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:951-964. [PMID: 38104724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide is a neuropeptide with diverse roles in biological processes. Its involvement in the blood coagulation cascade is unclear. OBJECTIVES This study unraveled adcyap1b's role in blood coagulation using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 in zebrafish. Effects were validated via adcyap1b knockdown. Gene expression changes in adcyap1b mutants were explored, linking them to clotting disorders. An analysis of proca gene splicing illuminated its role in adcyap1b-related anticoagulation deficiencies. METHODS Zebrafish were genetically modified using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 to induce adcyap1b knockout. Morpholino-mediated gene knockdown was employed for validation. Expression levels of coagulation factors, anticoagulant proteins, and fibrinolytic system genes were assessed in adcyap1b mutant zebrafish. Alternative splicing of proca gene was analyzed. RESULTS Adcyap1b mutant zebrafish exhibited severe hemorrhage, clotting disorders, and disrupted blood coagulation. Morpholino-mediated knockdown replicated observed phenotypes. Downregulation in transcripts related to coagulation factors V and IX, anticoagulation protein C, and plasminogen was observed. Abnormal alternative splicing of the proca gene was identified, providing a mechanistic explanation for anticoagulation system deficiencies. CONCLUSION Adcyap1b plays a crucial role in maintaining zebrafish blood coagulation and hemostasis. Its influence extends to the regulation of procoagulant and anticoagulant pathways, with abnormal alternative splicing contributing to observed deficiencies. These findings unveil a novel aspect of adcyap1b function, offering potential insights into similar processes in mammalian systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Ruixian Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huibo Xu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingpu Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Ying Han
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Mohammed BM, Basore K, Summers B, Pelc LA, Di Cera E. Structural architecture of the acidic region of the B domain of coagulation factor V. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:709-714. [PMID: 38007061 PMCID: PMC10922652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coagulation factor (F)V features an A1-A2-B-A3-C1-C2 domain organization and functions as the inactive precursor of FVa, a component of the prothrombinase complex required for rapid thrombin generation in the penultimate step of the coagulation cascade. An intramolecular interaction within the large B domain (residues 710-1545) involves the basic region (BR, residues 963-1008) and acidic region (AR, residues 1493-1537) and locks FV in its inactive state. However, structural information on this important regulatory interaction or on the separate architecture of the AR and BR remains elusive due to conformational disorder of the B domain. OBJECTIVES To reveal the structure of the BR-AR interaction or of its separate components. METHODS The structure of FV is solved by cryogenic electron microscopy. RESULTS A new 3.05 Å resolution cryogenic electron microscopy structure of FV confirms the overall organization of the A and C domains but resolves the segment 1507 to 1545 within a largely disordered B domain. The segment contains most of the AR and is organized as recently reported in FV short, a spliced variant of FV with a significantly shorter and less disordered B domain. CONCLUSION The similar architecture of the AR in FV and FV short provides structural context for physiologically important interactions of this region with the BR in FV and with the basic C-terminal end of tissue factor pathway inhibitor α in FV short.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassem M Mohammed
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Katherine Basore
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Brock Summers
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Leslie A Pelc
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Enrico Di Cera
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
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3
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Todaro AM, Radu CM, Ciccone M, Toffanin S, Serino ML, Campello E, Bulato C, Lunghi B, Gemmati D, Cuneo A, Hackeng TM, Simioni P, Bernardi F, Castoldi E. In vitro and ex vivo rescue of a nonsense mutation responsible for severe coagulation factor V deficiency. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:410-422. [PMID: 37866515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coagulation factor V (FV) deficiency is a rare bleeding disorder that is usually managed with fresh-frozen plasma. Patients with nonsense mutations may respond to treatment with readthrough agents. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether the F5 p.Arg1161Ter mutation, causing severe FV deficiency in several patients, would be amenable to readthrough therapy. METHODS F5 mRNA and protein expression were evaluated in a F5 p.Arg1161Ter-homozygous patient. Five readthrough agents with different mechanisms of action, i.e. G418, ELX-02, PTC-124, 2,6-diaminopurine (2,6-DAP), and Amlexanox, were tested in in vitro and ex vivo models of the mutation. RESULTS The F5 p.Arg1161Ter-homozygous patient showed residual F5 mRNA and functional platelet FV, indicating detectable levels of natural readthrough. COS-1 cells transfected with the FV-Arg1161Ter cDNA expressed 0.7% FV activity compared to wild-type. Treatment with 0-500 μM G418, ELX-02, and 2,6-DAP dose-dependently increased FV activity up to 7.0-fold, 3.1-fold, and 10.8-fold, respectively, whereas PTC-124 and Amlexanox (alone or in combination) were ineffective. These findings were confirmed by thrombin generation assays in FV-depleted plasma reconstituted with conditioned media of treated cells. All compounds except ELX-02 showed some degree of cytotoxicity. Ex vivo differentiated megakaryocytes of the F5 p.Arg1161Ter-homozygous patient, which were negative at FV immunostaining, turned positive after treatment with all 5 readthrough agents. Notably, they were also able to internalize mutant FV rescued with G418 or 2,6-DAP, which would be required to maintain the crucial platelet FV pool in vivo. CONCLUSION These findings provide in vitro and ex vivo proof-of-principle for readthrough-mediated rescue of the F5 p.Arg1161Ter mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice M Todaro
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia M Radu
- Department of Medicine, Thrombotic and Haemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Padua University Medical School, Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Ciccone
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Haematology, Sant'Anna Hospital, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Serena Toffanin
- Department of Medicine, Thrombotic and Haemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Padua University Medical School, Padua, Italy
| | - M Luisa Serino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Haematology, Sant'Anna Hospital, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Campello
- Department of Medicine, Thrombotic and Haemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Padua University Medical School, Padua, Italy
| | - Cristiana Bulato
- Department of Medicine, Thrombotic and Haemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Padua University Medical School, Padua, Italy
| | - Barbara Lunghi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Donato Gemmati
- Department of Translational Medicine, Haemostasis & Thrombosis Centre, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Antonio Cuneo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Haematology, Sant'Anna Hospital, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tilman M Hackeng
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Simioni
- Department of Medicine, Thrombotic and Haemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Padua University Medical School, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Bernardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Castoldi
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Qu X, Xu C, Yang W, Li Q, Tu S, Gao C. KLF5 inhibits the migration and invasion in cervical cancer cell lines by regulating SNAI1. Cancer Biomark 2024; 39:231-243. [PMID: 38217587 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-230175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important biological process by which malignant tumor cells to acquire migration and invasion abilities. This study explored the role of KLF5 in the EMT process of in cervical cancer cell lines. OBJECTIVE Krüpple-like factor 5 (KLF5) is a basic transcriptional factor that plays a key role in cell-cycle arrest and inhibition of apoptosis. However, the molecular mechanism by which KLF5 mediates the biological functions of cervical cancer cell lines has not been elucidated. Here, we focus on the potential function of ELF5 in regulating the EMT process in in vitro model of cervical cancer cell lines. METHOD Western-blot and real-time quantitative PCR were used to detect the expression of EMT-related genes in HeLa cells. MTT assays, cell scratch and Transwell assays were used to assess HeLa cells proliferation and invasion capability. Using the bioinformatics tool JASPAR, we identified a high-scoring KLF5-like binding sequence in the SNAI1 gene promoter. Luciferase reporter assays was used to detect transcriptional activity for different SNAI1 promoter truncates. RESULT After overexpressing the KLF5 gene in HeLa cells, KLF5 not only significantly inhibited the invasion and migration of HeLa cells, but also increased the expression of E-cadherin and decreased the expression of N-cadherin and MMP9. In addition, the mRNA expression of upstream regulators of E-cadherin, such as SNAI1, SLUG, ZEB1/2 and TWIST1 was also decreased. Furthermore, KLF5 inhibiting the expression of the SNAI1 gene via binding its promoter region, and the EMT of Hela cells was promoted after overexpression of the SNAI1 gene. CONCLUSION These results indicate that KLF5 can downregulate the EMT process of HeLa cells by decreasing the expression of the SNAI1 gene, thereby inhibiting the migration and invasion of HeLa cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjian Qu
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenbo Yang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Simei Tu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Chenghai Gao
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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5
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Wang F, Luo M, Cheng Y. KLF5 promotes esophageal squamous cell cancer through the transcriptional activation of FGFBP1. Med Oncol 2023; 41:17. [PMID: 38087142 PMCID: PMC10716083 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02244-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Krüpple-like factor 5 (KLF5) is a zinc-finger-containing transcription factor implicated in several human malignancies, but its potential regulatory mechanisms implicated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain elusive. Here, we show that KLF5 is upregulated in ESCC, where its level was significantly associated with tumor differentiation and lymph node metastasis status. Upregulated KLF5 expression promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ESCC cells. Reduced KLF5 showed the opposite effects. Mechanistically, KLF5 exerts its tumor promotion effect by up-regulating fibroblast growth factor binding protein 1 (FGF-BP1) and snail family transcriptional repressor 2 (SNAIL2). KLF5 binds to the promoter regions of FGF-BP1 and transcriptionally activates its expression. Our study indicated that KLF5 could promote esophageal squamous cell cancer proliferation, migration, and invasion by upregulating FGF-BP1/SNAIL2 signaling. Our work suggests that KLF5 might be a proto-oncogene in ESCC and implicated in ESCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyun Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Imaging Department, Third Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yufeng Cheng
- Department of Radiotherapy, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No.107, West Wenhua Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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6
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Gierula M, Noakes VM, Salles-Crawley II, Crawley JTB, Ahnström J. The TFPIα C-terminal tail is essential for TFPIα-FV-short-protein S complex formation and synergistic enhancement of TFPIα. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:3568-3580. [PMID: 37739040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For maximal TFPIα functionality, 2 synergistic cofactors, protein S and FV-short, are required. Both interact with TFPIα, protein S through Kunitz 3 residues Arg199/Glu226 and FV-short with the C-terminus. How these interactions impact the synergistic enhancement remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To determine the importance of the TFPIα-protein S and TFPIα-FV-short interactions for TFPIα enhancement. METHODS TFPIα variants unable to bind protein S (K3m [R199Q/E226Q]) or FV-short (ΔCT [aa 1-249]) were generated. TFPIα-FV-short binding was studied by plate-binding and co-immunoprecipitation assays; functional TFPIα enhancement by FXa inhibition and prothrombin activation. RESULTS While WT TFPIα and TFPIα K3m bound FV-short with high affinity (Kd∼2nM), TFPIα ΔCT did not. K3m, in contrast to WT, did not incorporate protein S in a TFPIα-FV-short-protein S complex while TFPIα ΔCT bound neither FV-short nor protein S. Protein S enhanced WT TFPIα-mediated FXa inhibition, but not K3m, in the absence of FV-short. However, once FV-short was present, protein S efficiently enhanced TFPIα K3m (EC50: 4.7nM vs 2.0nM for WT). FXa inhibition by ΔCT was not enhanced by protein S alone or combined with FV-short. In FXa-catalyzed prothrombin activation assays, FV-short enhanced TFPIα K3m function in the presence of protein S (5.5 vs 10.4-fold enhancement of WT) whereas ΔCT showed reduced or lack of enhancement by FV-short and protein S, respectively. CONCLUSION Full TFPIα function requires the presence of both cofactors. While synergistic enhancement can be achieved in the absence of TFPIα-protein S interaction, only TFPIα with an intact C-terminus can be synergistically enhanced by protein S and FV-short.
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7
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Russell C, Carter JL, Borgia JM, Bush J, Calderón F, Gabarró R, Conway SJ, Mottram JC, Wilkinson AJ, Jones NG. Bromodomain Factor 5 as a Target for Antileishmanial Drug Discovery. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:2340-2357. [PMID: 37906637 PMCID: PMC10644352 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniases are a collection of neglected tropical diseases caused by kinetoplastid parasites in the genus Leishmania. Current chemotherapies are severely limited, and the need for new antileishmanials is of pressing international importance. Bromodomains are epigenetic reader domains that have shown promising therapeutic potential for cancer therapy and may also present an attractive target to treat parasitic diseases. Here, we investigate Leishmania donovani bromodomain factor 5 (LdBDF5) as a target for antileishmanial drug discovery. LdBDF5 contains a pair of bromodomains (BD5.1 and BD5.2) in an N-terminal tandem repeat. We purified recombinant bromodomains of L. donovani BDF5 and determined the structure of BD5.2 by X-ray crystallography. Using a histone peptide microarray and fluorescence polarization assay, we identified binding interactions of LdBDF5 bromodomains with acetylated peptides derived from histones H2B and H4. In orthogonal biophysical assays including thermal shift assays, fluorescence polarization, and NMR, we showed that BDF5 bromodomains bind to human bromodomain inhibitors SGC-CBP30, bromosporine, and I-BRD9; moreover, SGC-CBP30 exhibited activity against Leishmania promastigotes in cell viability assays. These findings exemplify the potential BDF5 holds as a possible drug target in Leishmania and provide a foundation for the future development of optimized antileishmanial compounds targeting this epigenetic reader protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine
N. Russell
- York
Structural Biology Laboratory and York Biomedical Research Institute,
Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Jennifer L. Carter
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Juliet M. Borgia
- York
Structural Biology Laboratory and York Biomedical Research Institute,
Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Jacob Bush
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K.
| | | | | | - Stuart J. Conway
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Jeremy C. Mottram
- York
Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5NG, U.K.
| | - Anthony J. Wilkinson
- York
Structural Biology Laboratory and York Biomedical Research Institute,
Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Nathaniel G. Jones
- York
Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5NG, U.K.
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Cheng KJ, De Lio AM, Jain R, Paul D, Morrissey JH, Pogorelov TV. Lactadherin's Multistate Binding Predicts Stable Membrane-Bound Conformations of Factors V and VIII's C Domains. Biochemistry 2023; 62:3020-3032. [PMID: 37747791 PMCID: PMC10903746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Protein binding to negatively charged lipids is essential for maintaining numerous vital cellular processes where its dysfunction can lead to various diseases. One such protein that plays a crucial role in this process is lactadherin, which competes with coagulation factors for membrane binding sites to regulate blood clotting. Despite identifying key binding regions of these proteins through structural and biochemical studies, models incorporating membrane dynamics are still lacking. In this study, we report on the multimodal binding of lactadherin and use it to gain insight into the binding mechanisms of its C domain homologs, factor V and factor VIII. Molecular dynamics simulations enhanced with the highly mobile mimetic model enabled the determination of lactadherin's multimodal binding on membranes that revealed critical interacting residues consistent with prior NMR and mutagenesis data. The binding occurred primarily via two dynamic structural ensembles: an inserted state and an unreported, highly conserved side-lying state driven by a cationic patch. We utilized these findings to analyze the membrane binding domains of coagulation factors V and VIII and identified their preferred membrane-bound conformations. Specifically, factor V's C domains maintained an inserted state, while factor VIII preferred a tilted, side-lying state that permitted antibody binding. Insight into lactadherin's atomistically resolved membrane interactions from a multistate perspective can guide new therapeutic opportunities in treating diseases related to blood coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Cheng
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ashley M De Lio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- National Center for Supercomputer Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Riya Jain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Divyani Paul
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - James H Morrissey
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Taras V Pogorelov
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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9
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Li X, Song X, Mahmood DFD, Sim MMS, Bidarian SJ, Wood JP. Activated protein C, protein S, and tissue factor pathway inhibitor cooperate to inhibit thrombin activation. Thromb Res 2023; 230:84-93. [PMID: 37660436 PMCID: PMC10543463 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thrombin, the enzyme which converts fibrinogen into a fibrin clot, is produced by the prothrombinase complex, composed of factor Xa (FXa) and factor Va (FVa). Down-regulation of this process is critical, as excess thrombin can lead to life-threatening thrombotic events. FXa and FVa are inhibited by the anticoagulants tissue factor pathway inhibitor alpha (TFPIα) and activated protein C (APC), respectively, and their common cofactor protein S (PS). However, prothrombinase is resistant to either of these inhibitory systems in isolation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We hypothesized that these anticoagulants function best together, and tested this hypothesis using purified proteins and plasma-based systems. RESULTS In plasma, TFPIα had greater anticoagulant activity in the presence of APC and PS, maximum PS activity required both TFPIα and APC, and antibodies against TFPI and APC had an additive procoagulant effect, which was mimicked by an antibody against PS alone. In purified protein systems, TFPIα dose-dependently inhibited thrombin activation by prothrombinase, but only in the presence of APC, and this activity was enhanced by PS. Conversely, FXa protected FVa from cleavage by APC, even in the presence of PS, and TFPIα reversed this protection. However, prothrombinase assembled on platelets was still protected from inhibition, even in the presence of TFPIα, APC, and PS. CONCLUSIONS We propose a model of prothrombinase inhibition through combined targeting of both FXa and FVa, and that this mechanism enables down-regulation of thrombin activation outside of a platelet clot. Platelets protect prothrombinase from inhibition, however, supporting a procoagulant environment within the clot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Xiaohong Song
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Dlovan F D Mahmood
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Martha M S Sim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Sara J Bidarian
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Jeremy P Wood
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America.
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10
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Noordermeer T, Chemlal S, Jansma JJ, van der Vegte V, Schutgens REG, Limper M, de Groot PG, Meijers JCM, Urbanus RT. Anti-β2-glycoprotein I and anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies interfere with cleavage of factor V(a) by activated protein C. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:2509-2518. [PMID: 37290588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The acquired thrombotic risk factor known as lupus anticoagulant (LA) interferes with laboratory clotting assays and can be caused by autoantibodies against β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI) and prothrombin. LA is associated with activated protein C (APC) resistance, which might contribute to thrombotic risk in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. How antibodies against β2GPI and prothrombin cause APC resistance is currently unclear. OBJECTIVES To investigate how anti-β2GPI and antiphosphatidylserine/prothrombin (PS/PT) antibodies induce APC resistance. METHODS The effects of anti-β2GPI and anti-PS/PT antibodies on APC resistance were studied in plasma (of patients with antiphospholipid syndrome) and with purified coagulation factors and antibodies. RESULTS APC resistance was observed in LA-positive patients with anti-β2GPI or anti-PS/PT antibodies and in normal plasma spiked with monoclonal anti-β2GPI or anti-PS/PT antibodies with LA activity. Analysis of factor (F)V cleavage patterns after APC incubation indicated that anti-β2GPI antibodies attenuated APC-mediated FV cleavage at R506 and R306. APC-mediated cleavage at R506 is required for FV cofactor activity during inactivation of FVIIIa. Assays with purified coagulation factors confirmed that anti-β2GPI antibodies interfered with the cofactor function of FV during FVIIIa inactivation but not with FVa inactivation. Anti-PS/PT antibodies attenuated APC-mediated FVa and FVIIIa inactivation. Analysis of FV(a) cleavage patterns after APC incubation indicated that anti-PS/PT antibodies interfere with APC-mediated cleavage of FV at positions R506 and R306. CONCLUSION Anti-β2GPI antibodies with LA activity contribute to a procoagulant state by causing APC resistance via interference with the cofactor function of FV during FVIIIa inactivation. LA-causing anti-PS/PT antibodies interfere with the anticoagulant function of APC by preventing FV(a) cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Noordermeer
- Center for Benign Haematology, Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Circulatory Health Research Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. https://twitter.com/Tessa_Noorder
| | - Soumaya Chemlal
- Center for Benign Haematology, Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Circulatory Health Research Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Janna J Jansma
- Center for Benign Haematology, Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Circulatory Health Research Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Vossa van der Vegte
- Center for Benign Haematology, Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Circulatory Health Research Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Roger E G Schutgens
- Center for Benign Haematology, Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten Limper
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Joost C M Meijers
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rolf T Urbanus
- Center for Benign Haematology, Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Circulatory Health Research Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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11
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Chen LN, Dou PT, Chen YK, Yang HQ. Mutant IAA21 genes from Dendrocalamus sinicus Chia et J. L. Sun inhibit stem and root growth in transgenic tobacco by interacting with ARF5. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 201:107827. [PMID: 37329689 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Woody bamboos are important resource of industrial fibres. Auxin signaling plays a key role in multiple plant developmental processes, as yet the role of auxin/indole acetic acid (Aux/IAA) in culm development of woody bamboos has not been previously characterized. Dendrocalamus sinicus Chia et J. L. Sun is the largest woody bamboo documented in the world. Here, we identified two alleles of DsIAA21 gene (sIAA21 and bIAA21) from the straight- and bent-culm variants of D. sinicus, respectively, and studied how the domains I, i, and II of DsIAA21 affect the gene transcriptional repression. The results showed that bIAA21 expression was rapidly induced by exogenous auxin in D. sinicus. In transgenic tobacco, sIAA21 and bIAA21 mutated in domains i, and II significantly regulated plant architecture and root development. Stem cross sections revealed that parenchyma cells were smaller in transgenic plants than that in wild type plants. Domain i mutation changed the leucine and proline at position 45 to proline and leucine (siaa21L45P and biaa21P45L) strongly repressed cell expansion and root elongation by reducing the gravitropic response. Substitution of isoleucine with valine in domain II of the full length DsIAA21 resulted in dwarf stature in transgenic tobacco plants. Furthermore, the DsIAA21 interacted with auxin response factor 5 (ARF5) in transgenic tobacco plants, suggesting that DsIAA21 might inhibit stem and root elongation via interacting with ARF5. Taken together, our data indicated that DsIAA21 was a negative regulator of plant development and suggested that amino acid differences in domain i of sIAA21 versus bIAA21 affected their response to auxin, and might play a key role in the formation of the bent culm variant in D. sinicus. Our results not only shed a light on the morphogenetic mechanism in D. sinicus, but also provided new insights into versatile function of Aux/IAAs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Na Chen
- College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Xinyi Road, Shayibake District, Urumqi, 830054, PR China; Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Bailongsi, Panlong District, Kunming, 650233, PR China
| | - Pei-Tong Dou
- Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Bailongsi, Panlong District, Kunming, 650233, PR China
| | - Yong-Kun Chen
- College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Xinyi Road, Shayibake District, Urumqi, 830054, PR China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, Xinyi Road, Shayibake District, Urumqi, 830054, PR China
| | - Han-Qi Yang
- Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Bailongsi, Panlong District, Kunming, 650233, PR China.
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12
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Mohammed BM, Pelc LA, Rau MJ, Di Cera E. Cryo-EM structure of coagulation factor V short. Blood 2023; 141:3215-3225. [PMID: 36862974 PMCID: PMC10356581 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022019486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Coagulation factor V (fV) is the precursor of activated fV (fVa), an essential component of the prothrombinase complex required for the rapid activation of prothrombin in the penultimate step of the coagulation cascade. In addition, fV regulates the tissue factor pathway inhibitor α (TFPIα) and protein C pathways that inhibit the coagulation response. A recent cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of fV has revealed the architecture of its A1-A2-B-A3-C1-C2 assembly but left the mechanism that keeps fV in its inactive state unresolved because of an intrinsic disorder in the B domain. A splice variant of fV, fV short, carries a large deletion of the B domain that produces constitutive fVa-like activity and unmasks epitopes for the binding of TFPIα. The cryo-EM structure of fV short was solved at 3.2 Å resolution and revealed the arrangement of the entire A1-A2-B-A3-C1-C2 assembly. The shorter B domain stretches across the entire width of the protein, making contacts with the A1, A2, and A3 domains but suspended over the C1 and C2 domains. In the portion distal to the splice site, several hydrophobic clusters and acidic residues provide a potential binding site for the basic C-terminal end of TFPIα. In fV, these epitopes may bind intramolecularly to the basic region of the B domain. The cryo-EM structure reported in this study advances our understanding of the mechanism that keeps fV in its inactive state, provides new targets for mutagenesis and facilitates future structural analysis of fV short in complex with TFPIα, protein S, and fXa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassem M. Mohammed
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Leslie A. Pelc
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michael J. Rau
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Enrico Di Cera
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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13
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Shimonishi N, Ogiwara K, Yoshida J, Horie K, Nakajima Y, Furukawa S, Takeyama M, Nogami K. Impaired factor V-related anticoagulant mechanisms and deep vein thrombosis associated with A2086D and W1920R mutations. Blood Adv 2023; 7:2831-2842. [PMID: 36780344 PMCID: PMC10279549 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Factor V (FV) plays pivotal roles in both procoagulant and anticoagulant mechanisms. Genetic mutations, FV-W1920R (FVNara) and FV-A2086D (FVBesançon), in the C1 and C2 domains of FV light chain, respectively, seem to be associated with deep vein thrombosis. However, the detailed mechanism(s) through which these mutations are linked to thrombophilia remains to be fully explored. The aim of this study was to clarify thrombotic mechanism(s) in the presence of these FV abnormalities. Full-length wild-type (WT) and mutated FV were prepared using stable, human cell lines (HEK293T) and the piggyBac transposon system. Susceptibility of FVa-A2086D to activated protein C (APC) was reduced, resulting in significant inhibition of APC-catalyzed inactivation with limited cleavage at Arg306 and delayed cleavage at Arg506. Furthermore, APC cofactor activity of FV-A2086D in APC-catalyzed inactivation of FVIIIa through cleavage at Arg336 was impaired. Surface plasmon resonance-based assays demonstrated that FV-A2086D bound to Glu-Gly-Arg-chloromethylketone active site-blocked APC and protein S (P) with similar affinities to that of FV-WT. However, weakened interaction between FVa-A2086D and phospholipid membranes was evident through the prothrombinase assay. Moreover, addition of FVa-A2086D to plasma failed to inhibit tissue factor (TF)-induced thrombin generation and reduce prothrombin times. This inhibitory effect was independent of PC, PS, and antithrombin. The coagulant and anticoagulant characteristics of FV(a)-W1920R were similar to those of FV(a)-A2086D. FV-A2086D presented defects in the APC mechanisms associated with FVa inactivation and FV cofactor activity, similar to FV-W1920R. Moreover, both FV proteins that were mutated in the light chain impaired inhibition of TF-induced coagulation reactions. These defects were consistent with congenital thrombophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naruto Shimonishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
- The Course of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ogiwara
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Junko Yoshida
- Department of Physiology II, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Kyoji Horie
- Department of Physiology II, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Yuto Nakajima
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
- Advanced Medical Science of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Shoko Furukawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | | | - Keiji Nogami
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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14
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De Pablo-Moreno JA, Miguel-Batuecas A, de Sancha M, Liras A. The Magic of Proteases: From a Procoagulant and Anticoagulant Factor V to an Equitable Treatment of Its Inherited Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076243. [PMID: 37047215 PMCID: PMC10093859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteostasis, i.e., the homeostasis of proteins, responsible for ensuring protein turnover, is regulated by proteases, which also participate in the etiopathogenesis of multiple conditions. The magic of proteases is such that, in blood coagulation, one same molecule, such as coagulation factor V, for example, can perform both a procoagulant and an anticoagulant function as a result of the activity of proteases. However, this magic has an insidious side to it, as it may also prevent the completion of the clinical value chain of factor V deficiency. This value chain encompasses the discovery of knowledge, the transfer of this knowledge, and its translation to clinical practice. In the case of rare and ultra-rare diseases like factor V deficiency, this value chain has not been completed as the knowledge acquisition phase has dragged out over time, holding up the transfer of knowledge to clinical practice. The reason for this is related to the small number of patients afflicted with these conditions. As a result, new indications must be found to make the therapies cost-effective. In the case of factor V, significant research efforts have been directed at developing a recombinant factor V capable of resisting the action of the proteases capable of inactivating this factor. This is where bioethics and health equity considerations come into the equation.
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15
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Miyazawa K, Fogelson AL, Leiderman K. Inhibition of platelet-surface-bound proteins during coagulation under flow I: TFPI. Biophys J 2023; 122:99-113. [PMID: 36403087 PMCID: PMC9822800 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood coagulation is a self-repair process regulated by activated platelet surfaces, clotting factors, and inhibitors. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is one such inhibitor, well known for its inhibitory action on the active enzyme complex comprising tissue factor (TF) and activated clotting factor VII. This complex forms when TF embedded in the blood vessel wall is exposed by injury and initiates coagulation. A different role for TFPI, independent of TF:VIIa, has recently been discovered whereby TFPI binds a partially cleaved form of clotting factor V (FV-h) and impedes thrombin generation on activated platelet surfaces. We hypothesized that this TF-independent inhibitory mechanism on platelet surfaces would be a more effective platform for TFPI than the TF-dependent one. We examined the effects of this mechanism on thrombin generation by including the relevant biochemical reactions into our previously validated mathematical model. Additionally, we included the ability of TFPI to bind directly to and inhibit platelet-bound FXa. The new model was sensitive to TFPI levels and, under some conditions, TFPI could completely shut down thrombin generation. This sensitivity was due entirely to the surface-mediated inhibitory reactions. The addition of the new TFPI reactions increased the threshold level of TF needed to elicit a strong thrombin response under flow, but the concentration of thrombin achieved, if there was a response, was unchanged. Interestingly, we found that direct binding of TFPI to platelet-bound FXa had a greater anticoagulant effect than did TFPI binding to FV-h alone, but that the greatest effects occurred if both reactions were at play. The model includes activated platelets' release of FV species, and we explored the impact of varying the FV/FV-h composition of the releasate. We found that reducing the zymogen FV fraction of this pool, and thus increasing the fraction that is FV-h, led to acceleration of thrombin generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Miyazawa
- Quantitative Biosciences and Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado
| | - Aaron L Fogelson
- Department of Mathematics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Karin Leiderman
- Mathematics Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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16
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Lan H, Heng Y, Li J, Zhang M, Bian Y, Chu L, Jiang Y, Wang X, Xu D, Deng XW. COP1 SUPPRESSOR 6 represses the PIF4 and PIF5 action to promote light-inhibited hypocotyl growth. J Integr Plant Biol 2022; 64:2097-2110. [PMID: 36029156 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Light signaling precisely controls photomorphogenic development in plants. PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 and 5 (PIF4 and PIF5) play critical roles in the regulation of this developmental process. In this study, we report CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 SUPPRESSOR 6 (CSU6) functions as a key regulator of light signaling. Loss of CSU6 function largely rescues the cop1-6 constitutively photomorphogenic phenotype. CSU6 promotes hypocotyl growth in the dark, but inhibits hypocotyl elongation in the light. CSU6 not only associates with the promoter regions of PIF4 and PIF5 to inhibit their expression in the morning, but also directly interacts with both PIF4 and PIF5 to repress their transcriptional activation activity. CSU6 negatively controls a group of PIF4- and PIF5-regulated gene expressions. Mutations in PIF4 and/or PIF5 are epistatic to the loss of CSU6, suggesting that CSU6 acts upstream of PIF4 and PIF5. Taken together, CSU6 promotes light-inhibited hypocotyl elongation by negatively regulating PIF4 and PIF5 transcription and biochemical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Lan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, Institute of Plant and Food Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yueqin Heng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, Institute of Plant and Food Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, Institute of Plant and Food Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, Institute of Plant and Food Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yeting Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Li Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, Institute of Plant and Food Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xuncheng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Dongqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xing Wang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, Institute of Plant and Food Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Advanced Agriculture Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Xue H, Meng J, Lei P, Cao Y, An X, Jia M, Li Y, Liu H, Sheen J, Liu X, Yu F. ARF2-PIF5 interaction controls transcriptional reprogramming in the ABS3-mediated plant senescence pathway. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110988. [PMID: 35942625 PMCID: PMC9531305 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022110988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of plant senescence is the global transcriptional reprogramming coordinated by a plethora of transcription factors (TFs). However, mechanisms underlying the interactions between different TFs in modulating senescence remain obscure. Previously, we discovered that plant ABS3 subfamily MATE transporter genes regulate senescence and senescence-associated transcriptional changes. In a genetic screen for mutants suppressing the accelerated senescence phenotype of the gain-of-function mutant abs3-1D, AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 2 (ARF2) and PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 5 (PIF5) were identified as key TFs responsible for transcriptional regulation in the ABS3-mediated senescence pathway. ARF2 and PIF5 (as well as PIF4) interact directly and function interdependently to promote senescence, and they share common target genes such as key senescence promoting genes ORESARA 1 (ORE1) and STAY-GREEN 1 (SGR1) in the ABS3-mediated senescence pathway. In addition, we discovered reciprocal regulation between ABS3-subfamily MATEs and the ARF2 and PIF5/4 TFs. Taken together, our findings reveal a regulatory paradigm in which the ARF2-PIF5/4 functional module facilitates the transcriptional reprogramming in the ABS3-mediated senescence pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life SciencesNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Jingjing Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life SciencesNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Pei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life SciencesNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Yongxin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life SciencesNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Xue An
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life SciencesNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Min Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life SciencesNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- Present address:
Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life SciencesNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Haofeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life SciencesNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Jen Sheen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Centre for Computational and Integrative BiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Department of GeneticsHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Xiayan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life SciencesNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- Department of Molecular Biology and Centre for Computational and Integrative BiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Department of GeneticsHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Fei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life SciencesNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- Institute of Future AgricultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
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18
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Pablo-Moreno JAD, Serrano LJ, Revuelta L, Sánchez MJ, Liras A. The Vascular Endothelium and Coagulation: Homeostasis, Disease, and Treatment, with a Focus on the Von Willebrand Factor and Factors VIII and V. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158283. [PMID: 35955419 PMCID: PMC9425441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium has several important functions, including hemostasis. The homeostasis of hemostasis is based on a fine balance between procoagulant and anticoagulant proteins and between fibrinolytic and antifibrinolytic ones. Coagulopathies are characterized by a mutation-induced alteration of the function of certain coagulation factors or by a disturbed balance between the mechanisms responsible for regulating coagulation. Homeostatic therapies consist in replacement and nonreplacement treatments or in the administration of antifibrinolytic agents. Rebalancing products reestablish hemostasis by inhibiting natural anticoagulant pathways. These agents include monoclonal antibodies, such as concizumab and marstacimab, which target the tissue factor pathway inhibitor; interfering RNA therapies, such as fitusiran, which targets antithrombin III; and protease inhibitors, such as serpinPC, which targets active protein C. In cases of thrombophilia (deficiency of protein C, protein S, or factor V Leiden), treatment may consist in direct oral anticoagulants, replacement therapy (plasma or recombinant ADAMTS13) in cases of a congenital deficiency of ADAMTS13, or immunomodulators (prednisone) if the thrombophilia is autoimmune. Monoclonal-antibody-based anti-vWF immunotherapy (caplacizumab) is used in the context of severe thrombophilia, regardless of the cause of the disorder. In cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation, the treatment of choice consists in administration of antifibrinolytics, all-trans-retinoic acid, and recombinant soluble human thrombomodulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A. De Pablo-Moreno
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, School of Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.D.P.-M.); (L.J.S.)
| | - Luis Javier Serrano
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, School of Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.D.P.-M.); (L.J.S.)
| | - Luis Revuelta
- Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María José Sánchez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Junta de Andalucía, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Antonio Liras
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, School of Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.D.P.-M.); (L.J.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Ji Y, Xu M, Liu Z, Yuan H, Lv T, Li H, Xu Y, Si Y, Wang A. NUCLEOCYTOPLASMIC shuttling of ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 5 mediated by nitric oxide suppresses ethylene biosynthesis in apple fruit. New Phytol 2022; 234:1714-1734. [PMID: 35254663 PMCID: PMC9313842 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is known to modulate the action of several phytohormones. This includes the gaseous hormone ethylene, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of NO on ethylene biosynthesis are unclear. Here, we observed a decrease in endogenous NO abundance during apple (Malus domestica) fruit development and exogenous treatment of apple fruit with a NO donor suppressed ethylene production, suggesting that NO is a ripening suppressor. Expression of the transcription factor MdERF5 was activated by NO donor treatment. NO induced the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of MdERF5 by modulating its interaction with the protein phosphatase, MdPP2C57. MdPP2C57-induced dephosphorylation of MdERF5 at Ser260 is sufficient to promote nuclear export of MdERF5. As a consequence of this export, MdERF5 proteins in the cytoplasm interacted with and suppressed the activity of MdACO1, an enzyme that converts 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) to ethylene. The NO-activated MdERF5 was observed to increase in abundance in the nucleus and bind to the promoter of the ACC synthase gene MdACS1 and directly suppress its transcription. Together, these results suggest that NO-activated nucleocytoplasmic MdERF5 suppresses the action of ethylene biosynthetic genes, thereby suppressing ethylene biosynthesis and limiting fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology (Liaoning Province)Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education)National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning)College of HorticultureShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang110866China
| | - Mingyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology (Liaoning Province)Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education)National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning)College of HorticultureShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang110866China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Liaoning Institute of PomologyXiongyue115009China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology (Liaoning Province)Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education)National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning)College of HorticultureShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang110866China
| | - Tianxing Lv
- Liaoning Institute of PomologyXiongyue115009China
| | - Hongjian Li
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology (Liaoning Province)Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education)National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning)College of HorticultureShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang110866China
- Liaoning Institute of PomologyXiongyue115009China
| | - Yaxiu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology (Liaoning Province)Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education)National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning)College of HorticultureShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang110866China
| | - Yajing Si
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology (Liaoning Province)Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education)National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning)College of HorticultureShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang110866China
| | - Aide Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology (Liaoning Province)Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education)National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning)College of HorticultureShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang110866China
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20
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Dahlbäck B, Tran S. A hydrophobic patch (PLVIVG; 1481-1486) in the B-domain of factor V-short is crucial for its synergistic TFPIα-cofactor activity with protein S and for the formation of the FXa-inhibitory complex comprising FV-short, TFPIα, and protein S. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:1146-1157. [PMID: 35247027 PMCID: PMC9313797 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Factor V-short (FV756-1458) is a natural splice variant functioning in synergy with protein S as tissue factor pathway inhibitor alpha (TFPIα)-cofactor in inhibition of factor Xa (FXa). An exposed acid region (AR2; 1493-1537) in the B domain binds TFPIα. The preAR2 (1458-1492) is crucial for the synergistic TFPIα-cofactor activity between FV-short and protein S and for assembly of a trimolecular FXa-inhibitory complex among FV-short, protein S, and TFPIα. OBJECTIVE To identify which part of preAR2 is required for the synergistic TFPIα-cofactor activity between FV-short and protein S. METHODS A FXa-inhibition assay was used to test the synergistic TFPIα cofactor activity between protein S and new FV-short variants FV709-1476, FV712-1478, FV712-1481, FV712-1484, FV712-1487, and FV712-1490. A microtiter-based assay analyzed binding among FV-short variants, protein S, and TFPIα. RESULTS FV709-1476, FV712-1478, and FV712-1481 were fully active as synergistic TFPIα cofactors with protein S; FV712-1484 showed intermediate activity; and FV712-1487 and FV712-1490 were inactive. TFPIα interacted with all variants in the absence of protein S but FV712-1478 and FV712-1481 bound TFPIα with highest affinity. None of the FV-short variants bound directly to protein S in the absence of TFPIα. In the presence of TFPIα, efficient cooperative binding was demonstrated between protein S, TFPIα, and FV709-1476, FV712-1478, or FV712-1481. In contrast, no cooperativity among TFPIα, protein S, and FV712-1484, FV712-1487, or FV712-1490 was seen. CONCLUSION A short hydrophobic patch in preAR2 (PLVIVG, 1481-1486) in FV-short is crucial for the synergistic TFPIα-cofactor activity between FV-short and protein S and for the assembly of a trimolecular FXa-inhibitory complex among FV-short, protein S, and TFPIα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Dahlbäck
- Department of Translational MedicineUniversity HospitalLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Sinh Tran
- Department of Translational MedicineUniversity HospitalLund UniversityMalmöSweden
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21
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Maag A, van Rein N, Schuijt TJ, Kopatz WF, Kruijswijk D, Thomassen S, Hackeng TM, Camire RM, van der Poll T, Meijers JCM, Bos MHA, van ’t Veer C. Major bleeding during oral anticoagulant therapy associated with factor V activation by factor Xa. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:328-338. [PMID: 34773381 PMCID: PMC9299225 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Plasma thrombin generation (TG) provides important information on coagulation status; however, current TG output parameters do not predict major bleeding of patients on anticoagulants. We recently reported that factor V (FV) activation by factor X (FX)a contributes importantly to the initiation phase of TG. Here we investigated how this pathway varies in the normal population and whether FXa-mediated activation of FV is associated with major bleeding in patients on anticoagulant therapy. APPROACH We employed TIX-5, a specific inhibitor of FV activation by FXa, to estimate the contribution of FXa-mediated FV activation to tissue factor (TF)-initiated TG. RESULTS We show that the contribution of this pathway to plasma TG varies considerably in the normal population, as measured by the time needed to form the first traces of thrombin (TG lag time; mean prolongation by TIX-5 40%, range 0%-116%). Comparing patients on vitamin K antagonists (VKA) of the BLEED study (263 patients with and 538 patients without major bleeding), showed a marked prolongation in the median TG lag time in the presence of TIX-5 in cases (12.83 versus 11.00 minutes, P = 0.0030), while the TG lag time without TIX-5 only showed a minor although significant difference (5.83 vs. 5.67 minutes, P = 0.0198). The TIX-5 sensitivity (lag time + TIX-5/lag time + vehicle) in the upper quartile was associated with a 1.62-fold (95% confidence interval 1.04-2.52) increased risk of major bleeding compared to the lowest quartile. CONCLUSION A greater dependence on FXa-mediated activation of FV of TG is associated with increased risk of major bleeding during VKA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Maag
- Center for Experimental and Molecular MedicineAmsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Division of Thrombosis and HemostasisLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Nienke van Rein
- Division of Thrombosis and HemostasisLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
- Department of Clinical EpidemiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and ToxicologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Tim J. Schuijt
- Clinical Chemistry and Hematology LaboratoryHospital Gelderse Vallei EdeEdethe Netherlands
| | - Wil F. Kopatz
- Department of Experimental Vascular MedicineAmsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Danielle Kruijswijk
- Center for Experimental and Molecular MedicineAmsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Stella Thomassen
- Department of BiochemistryCardiovascular Research Institute MaastrichtMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - Tilman M. Hackeng
- Department of BiochemistryCardiovascular Research Institute MaastrichtMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - Rodney M. Camire
- Division of Hematology and the Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular TherapeuticsChildren’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of PediatricsPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center for Experimental and Molecular MedicineAmsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Joost C. M. Meijers
- Department of Experimental Vascular MedicineAmsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Molecular and Cellular HemostasisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Mettine H. A. Bos
- Division of Thrombosis and HemostasisLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Cornelis van ’t Veer
- Center for Experimental and Molecular MedicineAmsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
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22
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Teraz-Orosz A, Gierula M, Petri A, Jones D, Keniyopoullos R, Folgado PB, Santamaria S, Crawley JTB, Lane DA, Ahnström J. Laminin G1 residues of protein S mediate its TFPI cofactor function and are competitively regulated by C4BP. Blood Adv 2022; 6:704-715. [PMID: 34731882 PMCID: PMC8791571 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein S is a cofactor in the tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) anticoagulant pathway. It enhances TFPIα-mediated inhibition of factor (F)Xa activity and generation. The enhancement is dependent on a TFPIα-protein S interaction involving TFPIα Kunitz 3 and protein S laminin G-type (LG)-1. C4b binding protein (C4BP), which binds to protein S LG1, almost completely abolishes its TFPI cofactor function. However, neither the amino acids involved in TFPIα enhancement nor the mechanisms underlying the reduced TFPI cofactor function of C4BP-bound protein S are known. To screen for functionally important regions within protein S LG1, we generated 7 variants with inserted N-linked glycosylation attachment sites. Protein S D253T and Q427N/K429T displayed severely reduced TFPI cofactor function while showing normal activated protein C (APC) cofactor function and C4BP binding. Based on these results, we designed 4 protein S variants in which 4 to 6 surface-exposed charged residues were substituted for alanine. One variant, protein S K255A/E257A/D287A/R410A/K423A/E424A, exhibited either abolished or severely reduced TFPI cofactor function in plasma and FXa inhibition assays, both in the presence or absence of FV-short, but retained normal APC cofactor function and high-affinity C4BP binding. The C4BP β-chain was expressed to determine the mechanisms behind the reduced TFPI cofactor function of C4BP-bound protein S. Like C4BP-bound protein S, C4BP β-chain-bound protein S had severely reduced TFPI cofactor function. These results show that protein S Lys255, Glu257, Asp287, Arg410, Lys423, and Glu424 are critical for protein S-mediated enhancement of TFPIα and that binding of the C4BP β-chain blocks this function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David Jones
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - David A. Lane
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, London, UK
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23
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Dahlbäck B, Tran S. The preAR2 region (1458-1492) in factor V-Short is crucial for the synergistic TFPIα-cofactor activity with protein S and the assembly of a trimolecular factor Xa-inhibitory complex comprising FV-Short, protein S, and TFPIα. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:58-68. [PMID: 34623729 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Factor V-Short (FV756-1458) is a natural splice variant in which 702 residues are deleted from the B domain. It exposes an acid region (AR2; 1493-1537) that binds tissue factor pathway inhibitor alpha (TFPIα). Protein S also interacts with TFPIα and serves as TFPIα-cofactor in factor Xa (FXa) inhibition. FV-Short and protein S function as synergistic TFPIα-cofactors in inhibition of FXa. FV810-1492 is an artificial FV-Short variant that cannot synergize with protein S as TFPIα cofactor even though it contains AR2 and binds TFPIα. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the mechanisms for the synergism between FV756-1458 and protein S as TFPIα cofactors. METHODS Four FV-Short variants were created, FV756-1458 and FV712-1458 contained the preAR2 region (1458-1492), whereas FV810-1492 and FV713-1492 lacked this region. The synergistic TFPIα cofactor activity between FV-Short variants and protein S was analyzed by FXa-inhibition. A microtiter-based assay tested binding between FV-Short variants, protein S, and TFPIα. RESULTS The two preAR2-containing FV-Short variants were active as synergistic TFPIα cofactors, whereas the other two were inactive. All variants bound to TFPIα. None of the FV-Short variants bound directly to protein S. The combination of TFPIα and preAR2-containing FV-Short variants bound protein S, whereas TFPIα together with the preAR2-minus variants did not. Protein S potentiated TFPIα-binding to the preAR2-containing variants and binding between TFPIα and protein S was stimulated only by the preAR2-containing variants. CONCLUSION The preAR2 region is demonstrated to be crucial for the synergistic TFPIα-cofactor activity between FV-Short and protein S and for the assembly of a trimolecular FXa-inhibitory complex comprising FV-Short, protein S, and TFPIα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Dahlbäck
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sinh Tran
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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24
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Serrano LJ, de la Torre P, Liras A, Flores AI. Cell therapy for factor V deficiency: An approach based on human decidua mesenchymal stem cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112059. [PMID: 34467894 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of factor V is a congenital autosomal recessive coagulopathy associated with mutations in the F5 gene that results in mild-to-severe bleeding episodes. Factor V is a component of the prothrombinase complex responsible for accelerating conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. At the present time there are no therapeutic factor V concentrates available. This study was designed to lay the preliminary foundations for future cell-based therapy for patients with severe factor V deficiency. The study showed that hepatospheres, which produce coagulation factors VIII, IX, and V, synthetize and store intracellular glycogen and express albumin levels up to 8 times higher than those of undifferentiated cells. Factor IX and factor V gene expression increased significantly in hepatospheres as compared to undifferentiated cells, whereas factor VIII gene expression remained constant. The factor V protein was detected in the hepatospheres´ secretome. Considering the enormous potential of mesenchymal stem cells as therapeutic agents, this study proposes a highly reproducible method to induce differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from human placenta to factor V-producing hepatospheres. This strategy constitutes a preliminary step towards a curative treatment of factor V deficiency through advanced therapies such as cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis J Serrano
- Department of Genetic, Physiology and Microbiology, Biology School, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Paz de la Torre
- Regenerative Medicine Group, 12 de Octubre Hospital Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Liras
- Regenerative Medicine Group, 12 de Octubre Hospital Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Department of Genetic, Physiology and Microbiology, Biology School, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana I Flores
- Regenerative Medicine Group, 12 de Octubre Hospital Research Institute, Madrid, Spain.
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25
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Patidar KR, Davis BC, Slaven JE, Ghabril MS, Kubal CA, Lee WM, Stravitz RT. Admission Factor V Predicts Transplant-Free Survival in Acute Liver Failure. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:619-627. [PMID: 32185661 PMCID: PMC10668526 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Traditional laboratory markers are insensitive in distinguishing between patients with acute liver failure (ALF) who will require urgent liver transplantation (LT) from those who will recover spontaneously, particularly within 24 h of presentation. Coagulation factor-V (FV) may improve the accuracy of outcome prediction in ALF due to its predominant synthesis in the liver and short half-life in plasma. METHODS Patients enrolled in the ALF Study Group Registry from a single site had FV determined within 24 h of presentation (Derivation-Cohort). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) dichotomized by ALF etiology [acetaminophen (APAP) or non-APAP] were constructed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of FV for transplant-free-survival (TFS). Multivariate logistic regression modeling was performed using FV and other clinical variables to predict TFS. Accuracy of FV and multivariable model were performed in a Validation-Cohort from a different site. RESULTS 90-patients (56% with APAP) were included in the Derivation-Cohort. Median FV was significantly higher in TFS versus those who died/LT (31% vs. 15%, respectively; p = 0.001). When dichotomized by etiology, AUROC for FV was 0.77 for APAP (cutoff, sensitivity, specificity 10.5%, 79%, 69%, respectively) and 0.77 for non-APAP (22%, 85%, 67%, respectively). When the optimal cutoffs for FV in the Derivation-Cohort were applied to the Validation-Cohort (N = 51; 59% with APAP), AUROC for FV was 0.75 for APAP (sensitivity/specificity 81/44) and 0.95 for non-APAP (sensitivity/specificity 90/73). In multivariate analyses, AUROC for FV model was 0.86 in the Derivation-Cohort and 0.90 in the Validation-Cohort. CONCLUSION Admission FV may improve selection of patients who are likely to improve without LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavish R Patidar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 702 Rotary Circle, Suite 225, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Brian C Davis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - James E Slaven
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Marwan S Ghabril
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 702 Rotary Circle, Suite 225, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chandrashekhar A Kubal
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - William M Lee
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Richard T Stravitz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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26
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Rosendaal FR. [Hunger for testing satisfied]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2020; 164:D5562. [PMID: 33332045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Our view on causes of venous thrombosis changed drastically by the discovery of Factor V Leiden, since unlike other genetic causes of hereditary thrombophilia its prevalence is several percent. It led to major research activities, and the insight that thrombosis is a multicausal disease, invariably the result of an interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Another consequence was a hype of testing of thrombosis patients, and women before starting oral contraceptives. Factor V Leiden became the most performed diagnisticgenetic test worldwide. However, there was no medical rationale for this massive testing. In young women the absolute risk of thrombosis is so low, that enormous numbers of women would need to be tested to prevent one thrombotic event. And tests after a first event in patients were nearly always useless, since Factor V Leiden does not affect the risk of recurrence. It took decennia before the hype faded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frits R Rosendaal
- LUMC, afd. Klinische Epidemiologie, Leiden
- Contact: Frits R. Rosendaal
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27
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Youngman NJ, Walker A, Naude A, Coster K, Sundman E, Fry BG. Varespladib (LY315920) neutralises phospholipase A 2 mediated prothrombinase-inhibition induced by Bitis snake venoms. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 236:108818. [PMID: 32512199 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Anticoagulant toxicity is a common function of venoms produced by species within the Bitis genus. Potent inhibition of the prothrombinase complex is an identified mechanism of action for the dwarf species B. cornuta and B. xeropaga, along with some localities of B. atropos and B. caudalis. Snake venom phospholipase A2 toxins that inhibit the prothrombinase complex have been identified in snake venom, including an isolated phospholipase A2 toxin from B. caudalis. Current research is investigating the ability of the drug varespladib to inhibit snake venom phospholipase A2 toxins and reduce their toxicity. In particular, varespladib is being investigated as a treatment that could be administered prior to hospital referral which is a major necessity for species such as those from the genus Bitis, due to envenomations often occurring in remote regions of Africa where antivenom is unavailable. Using previously validated coagulation assays, this study aimed to determine if the toxins responsible for inhibition of the prothrombinase complex in the venom of four Bitis species are phospholipase A2 toxins, and if varespladib is able to neutralise this anticoagulant activity. Our results demonstrate that varespladib strongly neutralises the prothrombinase-inhibiting effects of all venoms tested in this study, and that this prothrombinase-inhibiting mechanism of anticoagulant activity is driven by phospholipase A2 class toxins in these four species. This study extends previous reports demonstrating varespladib has broad efficacy for treatment of phospholipase A2 rich snake venoms, indicating it also inhibits their anticoagulant effects mediated by prothrombinase-inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Youngman
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew Walker
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Arno Naude
- Snakebite Assist, Pretoria ZA-0001, South Africa
| | | | - Eric Sundman
- Universeum, Södra Vägen 50, 412 54 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bryan G Fry
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Passalia FJ, Heinemann MB, de Andrade SA, Nascimento ALTO, Vieira ML. Leptospira interrogans Bat proteins impair host hemostasis by fibrinogen cleavage and platelet aggregation inhibition. Med Microbiol Immunol 2020; 209:201-213. [PMID: 32078713 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-020-00664-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a worldwide spread zoonosis, caused by pathogenic Leptospira. Evidences suggest that compromised hemostasis might be involved in the leptospirosis pathophysiology. In the genome of L. interrogans serovar Copenhageni, we found two genes coding for proteins which comprise von Willebrand factor (VWF) A domains (BatA and BatB). As VWF A domains exhibit multiple binding sites which contributes to human VWF hemostatic functions, we hypothesized that the L. interrogans BatA and BatB proteins could be involved in the hemostatic impairment during leptospirosis. We have cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified recombinant BatA and BatB. The influence of recombinant BatA and BatB on different in vitro hemostatic assays evaluating the enzymatic activity, platelet aggregation and fibrinogen integrity was investigated. We describe BatB as a new serine protease which is able to cleave thrombin chromogenic substrate, fibrin, fibrinogen, gelatin and casein; while BatA is active only towards fibrinogen. BatA and BatB interfere with the platelet aggregation induced by VWF/ristocetin and thrombin. Our results suggest an important role of the L. interrogans serovar Copenhageni Bat proteins in the hemostasis dysfunction observed during leptospirosis and contribute to the understanding of the leptospirosis pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe José Passalia
- Lab. Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Bryan Heinemann
- Lab. de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Lucia T O Nascimento
- Lab. Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mônica Larucci Vieira
- Lab. Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Thibord F, Hardy L, Ibrahim-Kosta M, Saut N, Pulcrano-Nicolas AS, Goumidi L, Civelek M, Eriksson P, Deleuze JF, Le Goff W, Trégouët DA, Morange PE. A Genome Wide Association Study on plasma FV levels identified PLXDC2 as a new modifier of the coagulation process. J Thromb Haemost 2019; 17:1808-1814. [PMID: 31271701 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Factor V (FV) is a circulating protein primarily synthesized in the liver, and mainly present in plasma. It is a major component of the coagulation process. OBJECTIVE To detect novel genetic loci participating to the regulation of FV plasma levels. METHODS We conducted the first Genome Wide Association Study on FV plasma levels in a sample of 510 individuals and replicated the main findings in an independent sample of 1156 individuals. RESULTS In addition to genetic variations at the F5 locus, we identified novel associations at the PLXDC2 locus, with the lead PLXDC2 rs927826 polymorphism explaining ~3.7% (P = 7.5 × 10-15 in the combined discovery and replication samples) of the variability of FV plasma levels. In silico transcriptomic analyses in various cell types confirmed that PLXDC2 expression is positively correlated to F5 expression. SiRNA experiments in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line confirmed the role of PLXDC2 in modulating factor F5 gene expression, and revealed further influences on F2 and F10 expressions. CONCLUSION Our study identified PLXDC2 as a new molecular player of the coagulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Thibord
- Pierre Louis Doctoral School of Public Health, Sorbonne-Université, Paris, France
- Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM UMR_S 1166, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 06), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Lise Hardy
- INSERM UMR_S 1166, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 06), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- ICAN Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Manal Ibrahim-Kosta
- Laboratory of Haematology, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
- C2VN, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, Marseille, France
| | - Noémie Saut
- Laboratory of Haematology, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
- C2VN, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, Marseille, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Pulcrano-Nicolas
- Pierre Louis Doctoral School of Public Health, Sorbonne-Université, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR_S 1166, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 06), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- ICAN Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Louisa Goumidi
- C2VN, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, Marseille, France
| | - Mete Civelek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Per Eriksson
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, CEA, Evry, France
- CEPH, Fondation Jean Dausset, Paris, France
| | - Wilfried Le Goff
- INSERM UMR_S 1166, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 06), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- ICAN Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - David-Alexandre Trégouët
- Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM UMR_S 1166, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 06), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Morange
- Laboratory of Haematology, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
- C2VN, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, Marseille, France
- CRB Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, HemoVasc (CRB AP-HM HemoVasc), Marseille, France
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Mihara M, Ogawa Y, Nagasaka M, Kobayashi N, Shimizu H, Shinozawa K, Fukutake K, Inoue M, Murakami M, Handa H. Successful Management of Acquired Factor V Inhibitor by Monitoring Factor V Activity, Antigen, and Inhibitor Values during Immunosuppressive Therapy. Acta Haematol 2019; 143:486-490. [PMID: 31563916 DOI: 10.1159/000502730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Acquired factor V inhibitor (AFVI) results from the formation of autoantibodies to coagulation factor V (FV), and the clinical phenotype can range from asymptomatic laboratory abnormalities to life-threatening bleeds. We describe a 74-year-old man who developed AFVI along with a massive subcutaneous hematoma. He was initially treated with prednisolone (PSL), but AFVI recurred when the dose was reduced after a short period. We subsequently increased the PSL dose and added cyclophosphamide (CY), which resulted in a complete response. We then gradually tapered PSL and stopped CY, and the patient has since remained free of recurrent AFVI symptoms. We monitored FV activity, antigen concentrations, and inhibitor titers of this patient throughout the clinical course. The ratio of FV activity to antigen concentration was low at diagnosis and gradually increased along with the patient's improvement. This ratio might be a useful parameter for evaluating the effects of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with AFVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Mihara
- Department of Hematology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kiboukan Hospital, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ogawa
- Department of Hematology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan,
| | - Motoo Nagasaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kiboukan Hospital, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Kobayashi
- Department of Hematology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimizu
- Department of Hematology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kiboukan Hospital, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Keiko Shinozawa
- Department of Molecular Genetics of Coagulation Disorders, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Fukutake
- Department of Molecular Genetics of Coagulation Disorders, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Madoka Inoue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masami Murakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Hematology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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Sakatoku K, Takakuwa T, Miura A, Araki T, Fujitani Y, Yamamura R. Acquired Factor V Inhibitor with Hemorrhagic Symptoms after Prasugrel Hydrochloride Treatment. Acta Haematol 2019; 143:478-480. [PMID: 31522179 DOI: 10.1159/000502406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Acquired factor V inhibitor (AFVI) is a rare coagulopathy. It may be triggered by specific antigens such as antibiotics. We herein report the first case of AFVI after treatment with prasugrel hydrochloride (prasugrel) in an 80-year-old male who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention because of angina pectoris 6 years ago and was initiated on aspirin and ticlopidine hydrochloride. He was switched from ticlopidine hydrochloride to prasugrel before undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for myocardial infarction. Fifteen days later, he developed sudden nasal hemorrhage, hematuria, and systemic purpura. Coagulation tests revealed prolonged prothrombin time-international normalized ratio (11.35) and activated partial thromboplastin time (170 s). The coagulation factor profile revealed a decreased FV activity (1%). The Bethesda assay for FV inhibitor was positive. AFVI was diagnosed; prasugrel was immediately discontinued, and administration of recombinant activated factor VII and prednisolone were initiated. Hemorrhagic symptoms immediately disappeared; FV activity improved, and the FV inhibitor titer was normalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Sakatoku
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan,
- Department of Hematology, Osaka Saiseikai Nakatsu Hospital, Osaka, Japan,
| | - Teruhito Takakuwa
- Department of Hematology, Osaka Saiseikai Nakatsu Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akiko Miura
- Department of Hematology, Osaka Saiseikai Nakatsu Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taku Araki
- Department of Hematology, Osaka Saiseikai Nakatsu Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yotaro Fujitani
- Department of Hematology, Osaka Saiseikai Nakatsu Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Yamamura
- Department of Hematology, Osaka Saiseikai Nakatsu Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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Dahlbäck B, Guo LJ, Zöller B, Tran S. New functional test for the TFPIα cofactor activity of Protein S working in synergy with FV-Short. J Thromb Haemost 2019; 17:585-595. [PMID: 30740865 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Essentials Protein S and FV-Short are synergistic cofactors to Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor α (TFPIα). An assay for the TFPIα synergistic cofactor activity of protein S with FV-Short was developed. The assay was specific for the synergistic TFPIα-cofactor activity of free protein S. Protein S deficient individuals with known mutations were correctly distinguished from controls. SUMMARY: Background Protein S is an anticoagulant cofactor to both activated protein C and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPIα). The TFPIα-cofactor activity of protein S is stimulated by a short isoform of factor V (FV-Short), the two proteins functioning in synergy. Objective Using the synergistic TFPIα-cofactor activity between protein S and FV-Short to develop a functional test for plasma protein S. Patients/Methods TFPIα-mediated inhibition of FXa in the presence of FV-Short, protein S and negatively charged phospholipid vesicles was monitored in time by synthetic substrate S2765. TFPIα, FXa and FV-Short were purified proteins, whereas diluted plasma from protein S deficient patients or controls were used as source for protein S. Results The assay was specific for free protein S demonstrating good correlation to free protein S plasma levels (r = 0.92) with a Y-axis intercept of -5%. Correlation to concentrations of total protein S (free and C4BPβ+-bound) was lower (r = 0.88) and the Y-axis intercept was +46%, which is consistent with the specificity for free protein S. The test distinguished protein S-deficient individuals from 6 families with known ProS1 mutations from family members having no mutation. Protein S levels of warfarin-treated protein S deficient cases were lower than protein S in cases treated with warfarin for other causes. Conclusions We describe a new assay measuring the TFPIα-cofactor activity of plasma protein S. The test identifies type I/III protein S deficiencies and will be a useful tool to detect type II protein S deficiency having defective TFPIα-cofactor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Dahlbäck
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Li Jun Guo
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Bengt Zöller
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sinh Tran
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Li F, Shu K, Liu J, Shen C, Wang X, Zhang Z, Jiang M. Acquired Factor V Inhibitor with Symptoms and Titer of Inhibitor Differences: Report of Two Cases. Acta Haematol 2019; 141:148-150. [PMID: 30783058 DOI: 10.1159/000496080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Li
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kuangyi Shu
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenfang Shen
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoou Wang
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhaohua Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Minghua Jiang
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,
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Abstract
Replacement therapy with missing factor (F) VIII or IX in haemophilia patients for bleed management and preventative treatment or prophylaxis is standard of care. Restoration of thrombin generation through novel mechanisms has become the focus of innovation to overcome limitations imposed by protein replacement therapy. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is a multivalent Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor that regulates tissue factor (TF)-induced coagulation through a FXa-dependent feedback inhibition of the TF.FVIIa complex in plasma and on endothelial surfaces. Concizumab is a monoclonal, humanised antibody, specific for the second Kunitz domain of TFPI that binds and inhibits FXa, abolishing the inhibitory effect of TFPI. Concizumab restored thrombin generation in FVIII and FIX deficient plasmas and decreased blood loss in a rabbit haemophilia model. Phase 1 single and multiple dose escalation studies in haemophilia patients demonstrated a dose dependent decrease in TFPI levels and a pro-coagulant effect with increasing d-dimers and prothrombin fragment 1 + 2. A dose dependent increase in peak thrombin and endogenous thrombin potential was observed with values in the normal range when plasma TFPI levels were nearly undetectable. A few haemophilia patients in the highest dose cohorts with complete inhibition of plasma TFPI showed a decreased fibrinogen concentration with normal levels of anti-thrombin and platelets and no evidence of thrombosis. Pharmacokinetic parameters were influenced by binding to the target (TFPI), demonstrating target mediated drug disposition. A trend towards decreasing bleeding tendency was observed and this preventative effect is being studied in Phase 2 studies with additional data gathered to improve our understanding of the therapeutic window and potential for thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratima Chowdary
- Katharine Dormandy Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London, NW3 2 QG, UK.
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Abstract
Clotting factor defects are usually associated with bleeding. About 2 decades ago, 2 polymorphisms, one of FII (G20210A) and another of FV (Arg506Gln), have been shown to be associated with prothrombotic state and venous thrombosis. As a consequence, FII and FV could be considered both as prohemorrhagic factors and prothrombotic conditions. Recently, it has been shown that missense mutations in the prothrombin gene of amino acid Arg596 of exon 14 to Leu596, Gln596, or Trp596 caused the appearance of a thrombophilic state and venous thrombosis. These mutated FII are not associated with bleeding, but only with venous thrombosis. Furthermore, they are all heterozygotes for the mutations. No missense mutation associated with thrombosis has been discovered so far for FV. As a consequence, the prothrombotic activity of FII is the result of a polymorphism and of a missense mutation, whereas that of FV derives only from a polymorphism. The observation that a clotting factor defect may be associated with both bleeding or venous thrombosis depending on the site of the mutation has caused an extensive reevaluation of the blood clotting mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Girolami
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy
- Antonio Girolami, Department of Medicine, University of Padua Medical School, Via Ospedale, 105, Padua 35128, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Cosi
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Ferrari
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy
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Hyytiäinen S, Wartiovaara-Kautto U, Ulander VM, Kaaja R, Heikinheimo M, Petäjä J. The procoagulant effects of factor V Leiden may be balanced against decreased levels of factor V and do not reflect in vivo thrombin formation in newborns. Thromb Haemost 2017; 95:434-40. [PMID: 16525570 DOI: 10.1160/th05-05-0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThrombin regulation in newborns remains incompletely understood.We studied tissue factor-initiated thrombin formation in cord plasma in vitro, and the effects of Factor VLeiden (FVL) heterozygosity on thrombin regulation both in vitro and in vivo in newborns. Pregnant women with known thrombophilia (n=27) were enrolled in the study. Cord blood and venous blood at the age of 14 days were collected from 11 FVL heterozygous newborns (FVL-positive) and from 16 FVL-negative newborns. Prothrombin fragment F1+2 and coagulation factors were measured. Tissue factor-initiated thrombin formation was studied in cord platelet-poor plasma (PPP) of FVL-negative and -positive newborns, and in both PPP and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) of healthy controls. The endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) in cord PPP or PRP was ∼60% of that in adult plasma, while thrombin formation started ∼55% and ∼40% earlier in cord PPP and PRP, respectively. Further, in FVL-positive newborns thrombin formation started significantly earlier than in FVL-negative newborns. Exogenous activated protein C (APC) decreased ETP significantly more in cord than in adult PRP. In FVL-negative cord plasma 5nM APC decreased ETP by 17.4±3.5% (mean±SEM) compared with only 3.5±3.8% in FVL-positive cord plasma (p=0.01). FVL-positive newborns showed similar levels of F1+2 but significantly decreased levels of factor V compared with FVL negative newborns both in cord plasma (FV 0.82±0.07 U/ml vs. 0.98±0.05 U/ml, p=0.03) and at the age of two weeks (FV 1.15±0.04 U/ml vs. 1.32±0.05 U/ml, p=0.03). In conclusion, newborn plasma showed more rapid thrombin formation and enhanced sensitivity to APC compared with adult plasma. FVL conveyed APC resistance and a procoagulant effect in newborn plasma. Lack of elevated F1+2 levels in FVL-positive infants, however, suggested the existence of balancing mechanisms; one could be the observed lower level of factor V in FVL heterozygous newborns.
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Yadav PK, Antonyraj CB, Basheer Ahamed SI, Srinivas S. Understanding Russell's viper venom factor V activator's substrate specificity by surface plasmon resonance and in-silico studies. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181216. [PMID: 28732041 PMCID: PMC5521794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood coagulation factor V (FV) is activated either by Factor X or thrombin, cleaving at three different sites viz., Site I (Arg709-Ser710), site II (Arg1018-Thr1019), and site III (Arg1545-Ser1546). Russell's viper venom factor V activator (RVV-V) is a thrombin-like serine proteinase that activates FV with selective, single cleavage at site III. A long lasting effort is being pending in understanding the 'selective' binding specificity of the RVV-V towards site III. Here, we present the binding kinetic study of RVV-V with two designed peptides corresponding to the regions from site I (Gln699-Asn713) and site II (1008Lys-Pro1022), respectively, that include 15 amino acids. Our investigation for justifying the binding efficacy and kinetics of peptides includes SPR method, protein-peptide docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and principal component analysis (PCA). Surprisingly, the SPR experiment disclosed that the Peptide II showed a lower binding affinity with KD of 2.775 mM while the Peptide I showed none. Docking and simulation of both the peptides with RVV-V engaged either rooted or shallow binding for Peptide II and Peptide I respectively. The peptide binding resulted in global conformational changes in the native fold of RVV-V, whereas the similar studies for thrombin failed to make major changes in the native fold. In support, the PCA analysis for RVV-V showed the dislocation of catalytic triad upon binding both the peptides. Hence, RVV-V, a serine protease, is incompetent in cleaving these two sites. This study suggests a transition in RVV-V from the native rigid to the distorted flexible structure and paves a way to design a new peptide substrate/inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep K. Yadav
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | | | | | - Sistla Srinivas
- GE Healthcare Life Sciences, John F Welch Technology Centre, EPIP, Bengaluru, India
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Essentials Prothrombin converts slowly to thrombin upon interaction with histone H4. Histone H4 may also affect the reactivity of prothrombin toward factor Xa. Histone H4 enhances or inhibits activation by factor Xa depending on cofactor Va. The results reveal an unanticipated dual effect of histone H4 on prothrombin activation by factor Xa. SUMMARY Background Recent studies have documented the ability of prothrombin to convert to the mature protease thrombin upon interaction with histone H4. The effect is abrogated by mutation of the catalytic Ser and requires the Gla domain. Objectives To explore the effect of histone H4 on the reactivity of prothrombin to its physiological activator factor (F) Xa, free or assembled in the prothrombinase complex. Methods The effect of histone H4 on prothrombin activation by FXa and prothrombinase is studied with kinetic assays. The potential epitope of prothrombin recognizing histone H4 is explored with electrostatic calculations using recent crystal structures. Results and Conclusions Binding of histone H4 has a dual effect on prothrombin activation by FXa that is of mechanistic significance: it enhances the reaction > 10-fold in the absence of cofactor Va, but produces complete inhibition in the presence of cofactor. Histone H4 binding to prothrombin produces very slow autoactivation independent of the coagulation cascade and promotes slow thrombin generation by FXa in the absence of phospholipids. In addition, histone H4 has a rapid and drastic inhibitory effect on prothrombin activation by prothrombinase that is likely to dominate pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pozzi
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - E Di Cera
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Kawakami K, Sakota D, Kosaka R, Nishida M, Kawaguchi Y, Maruyama O. Reaction mechanism of blood coagulation factors in shear flow field. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2016; 2016:4309-4312. [PMID: 28269233 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7591680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Thrombus formation in blood pumps is a major problem. It has been reported that the shear rate is closely related to thrombus formation in blood pumps; however, the mechanism of blood coagulation in a shear flow field is not yet fully understood. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of shear loading on the reaction of blood coagulation factors quantitatively. Human blood and porcine blood were used as test blood and sheared at 2,880 s-1 for 3 h using a rheometer. After shear loading to the test blood, the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) of sample plasma were measured using an automated coagulation analyzer. The APTT and PT of mixed plasma containing human blood coagulation factor-deficient plasma and sample plasma were also measured. The APTT and PT of mixed plasma reflected the reaction of the particular blood coagulation factor. Results show that shear loading prolonged the APTT and PT of human sample plasma. Accordingly, the APTT and PT of mixed plasma containing human blood coagulation factor V-deficient plasma and human sample plasma were prolonged after shear loading. Thus, the reaction of human blood coagulation factors was inhibited by specific inhibition of the reaction of human blood coagulation factor V in the shear flow field. The reaction time of porcine blood coagulation factors after shear loading differed from that of human blood coagulation factors. The result suggest the evaluation difficulty of animal blood coagulation reaction, that is, porcine blood coagulation reaction did not fully proceed with clinical reagents due to species specificity.
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Bolondi G, Mocchegiani F, Montalti R, Nicolini D, Vivarelli M, De Pietri L. Predictive factors of short term outcome after liver transplantation: A review. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5936-5949. [PMID: 27468188 PMCID: PMC4948266 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i26.5936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation represents a fundamental therapeutic solution to end-stage liver disease. The need for liver allografts has extended the set of criteria for organ acceptability, increasing the risk of adverse outcomes. Little is known about the early postoperative parameters that can be used as valid predictive indices for early graft function, retransplantation or surgical reintervention, secondary complications, long intensive care unit stay or death. In this review, we present state-of-the-art knowledge regarding the early post-transplantation tests and scores that can be applied during the first postoperative week to predict liver allograft function and patient outcome, thereby guiding the therapeutic and surgical decisions of the medical staff. Post-transplant clinical and biochemical assessment of patients through laboratory tests (platelet count, transaminase and bilirubin levels, INR, factor V, lactates, and Insulin Growth Factor 1) and scores (model for end-stage liver disease, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation, sequential organ failure assessment and model of early allograft function) have been reported to have good performance, but they only allow late evaluation of patient status and graft function, requiring days to be quantified. The indocyanine green plasma disappearance rate has long been used as a liver function assessment technique and has produced interesting, although not univocal, results when performed between the 1th and the 5th day after transplantation. The liver maximal function capacity test is a promising method of metabolic liver activity assessment, but its use is limited by economic cost and extrahepatic factors. To date, a consensual definition of early allograft dysfunction and the integration and validation of the above-mentioned techniques, through the development of numerically consistent multicentric prospective randomised trials, are necessary. The medical and surgical management of transplanted patients could be greatly improved by using clinically reliable tools to predict early graft function.
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Pezeshkpoor B, Castoldi E, Mahler A, Hanel D, Müller J, Hamedani NS, Biswas A, Oldenburg J, Pavlova A. Identification and functional characterization of a novel F5 mutation (Ala512Val, FVB onn ) associated with activated protein C resistance. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:1353-63. [PMID: 27090446 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Essentials Activated protein C (APC) resistance is a prevalent risk factor for venous thrombosis. A novel missense mutation (Ala512Val - FVBonn ) was characterized in vitro and in silico. FVBonn is a new cause of APC resistance and venous thrombosis. FVBonn expresses additionally enhanced procoagulant activity in the absence of APC. SUMMARY Background Activated protein C (APC) resistance is a prevalent risk factor for venous thrombosis. This phenotype is most commonly associated with the factor V Arg506Gln mutation (FV Leiden), which impairs the APC-mediated inactivation of both activated FV (FVa) and activated FVIII (FVIIIa). Objectives Here, we report the identification and characterization of a novel FV mutation (Ala512Val, FVBonn ) in six patients with APC resistance and venous thrombosis or recurrent abortions. Methods FVBonn was expressed in a recombinant system and compared with recombinant wild-type (WT) FV and FV Leiden in several functional assays. Results FVBonn conferred APC resistance to FV-depleted plasma, both in the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)-based test (APC sensitivity ratio [APCsr] of 1.98 for FVBonn versus 4.31 for WT FV and 1.59 for FV Leiden) and in the thrombin generation-based test (normalized APCsr of 5.41 for FVBonn versus 1.00 for WT FV and 8.99 for FV Leiden). The APC-mediated inactivation of FVaBonn was slower than that of WT FVa (mainly because of delayed cleavage at Arg506), but was greatly stimulated by protein S. The APC cofactor activity of FVBonn in FVIIIa inactivation was ~ 24% lower than that of WT FV. In line with these findings, an in silico analysis showed that the Ala512Val mutation is located in the same loop as the Arg506 APC cleavage site and might hamper its interaction with APC. Moreover, FVBonn was more procoagulant than WT FV and FV Leiden in the absence of APC, because of an increased activation rate and, possibly, an enhanced interaction with activated FX. Conclusions FVBonn induces hypercoagulability via a combination of increased activation/procoagulant activity, decreased susceptibility to APC-mediated inactivation, and slightly reduced APC cofactor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pezeshkpoor
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - E Castoldi
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - D Hanel
- Synlab MVZ, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J Müller
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - N S Hamedani
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Biswas
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J Oldenburg
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Pavlova
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Kabukcu S, Keskin N, Keskin A, Atalay E. The Frequency of Factor V Leiden and Concomitance of Factor V Leiden With Prothrombin G20210A Mutation and Methylene Tetrahydrofolate Reductase C677T Gene Mutation in Healthy Population of Denizli, Aegean Region of Turkey. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2016; 13:166-71. [PMID: 17456626 DOI: 10.1177/1076029606298990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Factor V Leiden causing activated protein C resistance is the most common inherited form of thrombophilia leading to thrombosis. Its frequency shows great ethnic and geographic variations. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of FV Leiden and coinheritance of FV Leiden with two other frequent hereditary thrombophilia causes, namely, prothrombin G20210A and methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR) C677T mutation in the Aegean region of Turkey. The study population consisted of 1030 (500 men and 530 women) apparently healthy subjects. Functional resistance to activated protein C (APC) was measured by using the test kit STA staclot APC-R ((Diagnostica Stago, Asnieres, France, Cat. No. 00721). In subjects with APC resistance, molecular analyses of FV Leiden and of prothrombin G20210A and MTHFR C677T mutation were performed by using FV-PTH-MTHFR StripA (Vienna Lab, Labordiagnostika GmbH, Austria) kit, which was based on hybridization of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified DNA products with mutation-specific oligonucleotide probes. Functional APC resistance was present in 93 subjects (9%). FV Leiden mutation was found in 87 of 93 subjects with APC resistance by PCR method. The FV Leiden carrier frequency was found to be 8.4% (87/1030). Seventy-six individuals were heterozygous (7.3%), and 11 were homozygous (1.06%). Among the 87 subjects with FV Leiden mutation, 45 subjects had MTHFR C677T gene mutation (7 homozygous, 38 heterozygous) and 4 subjects had heterozygote prothrombin G20210A gene mutation. A combination of FV Leiden and prothrombin G20210A and MTHFR C677T gene mutation was detected in 3 subjects. The results indicate that FV Leiden prevalence is quite high and coexistence of FV Leiden with other hereditary causes of thrombosis such as prothrombin G20210A mutation and MTHFR enzyme defect is not rare in healthy population of Aegean region of Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Kabukcu
- Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
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Patel MD, Hajdenberg J. Successful treatment of chronic recurrent life-threatening bleeding due to an acquired factor V Inhibitor with rituximab and steroids. Haemophilia 2016; 22:e231-e232. [PMID: 27029965 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M D Patel
- UF Health Cancer Center at Orlando Health, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - J Hajdenberg
- UF Health Cancer Center at Orlando Health, Orlando, FL, USA
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Abstract
Liver cirrhosis, myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs) and prothrombotic mutations are aetiologic factors for portal vein thrombosis (PVT). The role and frequency of thrombophilic genetic risk factors in cirrhotic patients is not well established. In this case-control study, we investigated the frequency of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) (JAK2 V617F), Factor V Leiden (FVL G1691A), and Prothrombin (G20210A) mutations in cirrhotic patients with PVT (LCi+/PVT+ group, n = 21) in comparison with two control collectives (cirrhotic patients without PVT, LCi+/PVT- group, n = 43; PVT patients without liver cirrhosis, LCi-/PVT+ group, n = 29). In the LCi+/PVT+ group, JAK2 V617F was present in 2/21 patients (10 %; p = 0.104 compared to LCi+/PVT-; p = 0.092 compared to LCi-/PVT+), whereas 0/43 LCi+/PVT- patients (0 %; p < 0.001 compared to LCi-/PVT+) and 9/29 LCi-/PVT+ patients (31 %) harboured this mutation. The FVL G1691A mutation was identified in 1/21 patients (5 %) in the LCi+/PVT+ group, in 5/43 patients (12 %) in the LCi+/PVT- group, and in 2/29 patients (7 %) in the LCi-/PVT+ group. The Prothrombin G20210A mutation was present in 0/21 LCi+/PVT+ patients (0 %), in 1/43 LCi+/PVT- patients (2 %), and in 4/29 patients (14 %) in the LCi-/PVT+ group. This study provides evidence that a relevant proportion of cirrhotic patients with PVT harbours a JAK2 V617F mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Saugel
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany,
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Mansouritorghabeh H, Shirdel A. Desmopressin acetate as a haemostatic elevator in individuals with combined deficiency of factors V and VIII: a clinical trial. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:336-9. [PMID: 26599105 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ESSENTIALS: Combined factor V (FV) and factor VIII (FVIII) deficiency (CF5F8D) is an autosomal recessive coagulation disorder. Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) was intravenously infused in 20 adult patients with CF5F8D. DDAVP can enhance FVIII levels but has no effect on FV levels in patients with CF5F8D. DDAVP can be substituted for FVIII concentrates in patients with CF5F8D. OBJECTIVES Combined factor V (FV) and FVIII deficiency (CF5F8D) is a rare inherited autosomal recessive double-gene disorder most frequently seen in the Middle East. Although affected individuals have deficiency of two coagulation factors (range 5-30%), their bleeding tendencies are similar to patients who have deficiency of a single coagulation factor at the same level. The mainstay of their treatment is infusion of FVIII concentrate and fresh frozen plasma. Here, the effect of intravenous infusion of desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) on elevation of coagulation FV and FVIII was investigated through a clinical trial in May 2015. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a registered controlled trial, DDAVP (dosage 0.3 μg kg(-1) ) was intravenously infused into 20 adult patients with CF5F8D over 20 min. After an hour, blood samples were collected and plasma levels of FV and FVIII were measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION This study revealed that DDAVP can enhance FVIII levels but has no effect on FV plasma concentration in patients with CF5F8D. Based on these findings, FVIII concentrates may be substituted for DDAVP in patients with CF5F8D.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mansouritorghabeh
- Allergy Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A Shirdel
- Internal Medicine Department, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Aleksova A, Di Nucci M, Gobbo M, Bevilacqua E, Pradella P, Salam K, Barbati G, De Luca A, Mascaretti L, Sinagra G. Factor-V HR2 haplotype and thromboembolic disease. Acta Cardiol 2015; 70:707-11. [PMID: 26717220 DOI: 10.2143/ac.70.6.3120184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of HR2 polymorphism among patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) and healthy subjects. BACKGROUND Polymorphism in the factor V gene named HR2 has been described as a possible risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE) development. Contradictive results on this association have been reported. METHODS Eighty-five patients admitted for PE and 72 healthy subjects were included in the study. Thrombophilia screening using genetic tests for factor V Leiden (G1691A/Leiden and HR2 haplotype) and other genetic mutations were investigated. RESULTS Of 85 patients with PE, 20 (23.53%) carried the HR2 haplotype. Further, a majority of the patients with HR2 haplotype had recurrent venous thrombosis or PE (15 out of 20 patients). The HR2 haplotype was detected in 6 (8.3%) out of 72 healthy subjects. Patients had significantly higher HR2 haplotype frequency than healthy controls (P = 0.001). HR2 carriers had a three-fold increase in risk of developing PE (OR = 3.38, 95% CI = 1.27-8.96, P = 0.011). After adjustment for other tested defects for thrombophilia, HR2 haplotype was associated with increased risk of thromboembolic events (OR = 3.05, 95% CI = 1.11-8.35, P = 0.03). However, after adjustment for sex and age, HR2 polymorphism was no longer associated with the risk of thromboembolic event (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 0.34-4.38, P = 0.76). CONCLUSIONS Our study does not support the notion that factor V HR2 haplotype might be a risk factor for thrombosis despite its high prevalence among patients with PE.
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Donohoe K, Levine R. Acquired factor V inhibitor after exposure to topical human thrombin related to an otorhinolaryngological procedure. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:1787-9. [PMID: 26270511 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Acquired factor V (FV) inhibitors occur rarely and classically develop after exposure to bovine thrombin. The clinical presentation is variable, ranging from asymptomatic with incidental laboratory abnormalities to significant bleeding. With the development of human-derived thrombin agents, bovine thrombin is less frequently used. We report a case of an acquired FV inhibitor that developed in a patient after exposure to human thrombin used as a hemostatic agent during an otorhinolaryngology surgical procedure. Our review of the literature revealed only one prior reported case of FV inhibitor after exposure to human thrombin. Hematologists and surgeons should be aware of this rare, but potentially life-threatening, complication in the postprocedural setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Donohoe
- Hematology and Oncology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - R Levine
- Hematology and Oncology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Blood Bank, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
Prothrombin is activated to thrombin by the prothrombinase complex through sequential cleavage at two distinct sites. This occurs at sites of vascular injury in a highly regulated cascade of serine protease and cofactor activation, where activated platelets provide a suitable surface for protease/cofactor/substrate assembly. The precise structural and conformational changes undergone during the transition from prothrombin to thrombin have been studied for decades, and several structures of prothrombin fragments along the activation pathway have been solved. Here we present a new structure analyzed in context of other recent structures and biochemical studies. What emerges is an unexpected mechanism that involves a change in the mode of binding of the F2 domain (fragment 2) on the catalytic domain after cleavage at Arg320, and a subsequent reorientation of the linker between the F2 and catalytic domain to present the Arg271 site for cleavage. The catalytic domain of thrombin precursors binds to its F2 domain by two distinct modes. Cleavage of prothrombin at either Arg271 or Arg320 results in shift from mode 2 to mode 1. After cleavage at Arg320, movement of F2 helps to present the second cleavage site at Arg271.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ty E Adams
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - James A Huntington
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
Thrombin is a serine protease of the chymotrypsin family that acts both as a procoagulant and as an anticoagulant by cleaving either factor VIII, factor V and fibrinogen or protein C, respectively. Numerous previous studies have shown that electropositive regions at a distance from the active site, so called exosites, are of major importance for the cleavage by human thrombin. Upstream of all the known major cleavage sites for thrombin in factor VIII, factor V and fibrinogen are clusters of negatively charged amino acids. To study the importance of these sites for the interaction with the exosites and thereby the cleavage by thrombin, we have developed a new type of recombinant substrate. We have compared the cleavage rate of the minimal cleavage site, involving only 8-9 amino acids (typically the P4-P4' positions) surrounding the cleavage site, with the substrates also containing the negatively charged regions upstream of the cleavage sites. The results showed that addition of these regions enhanced the cleavage rate by more than fifty fold. However, the enhancement was highly dependent on the sequence of the actual cleavage site. A minimal site that showed poor activity by itself could be cleaved as efficiently as an optimal cleavage site when presented together with these negatively charged regions. Whereas sites conforming closely to the optimal site were only minimally enhanced by the addition of these regions. The possibility to mimic this interaction for the sites in factor V and factor VIII by recombinant substrates, which do not have the same folding as the full size target, indicates that the enhancement was primarily dependent on a relatively simple electrostatic interaction. However, the situation was very different for fibrinogen and protein C where other factors than only charge is of major importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurdeep Chahal
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 596, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Thorpe
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 596, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Hellman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 596, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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50
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Kerschen E, Hernandez I, Zogg M, Maas M, Weiler H. Survival advantage of heterozygous factor V Leiden carriers in murine sepsis. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:1073-80. [PMID: 25690763 PMCID: PMC4542152 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high allelic frequency of the prothrombotic Leiden polymorphism in human blood coagulation factor V (FV) has been speculated to reflect positive selection during evolution. Heterozygous Leiden carriers enrolled in the placebo arm of the PROWESS sepsis trial and heterozygous Leiden mice challenged with endotoxin both showed reduced mortality, whereas homozygous Leiden mice were not protected from lethal endotoxemia. Follow-up analyses of clinical outcomes and of mouse models of infection with various pathogens remained inconclusive. OBJECTIVE To establish whether activated protein C resistance of FV Leiden modifies the outcome of bacterial infection in murine sepsis models. METHODS Homozygous and heterozygous FV Leiden mice were subjected to gram-positive (S. aureus) or gram-negative (Y. pestis; E. coli) septic peritonitis or polymicrobial, focal septic peritonitis induced by cecal ligation and puncture. The effect of FV Leiden on 7-day survival and bacterial dissemination was assessed. Outcomes were compared with the sepsis survival of mice with genetically impaired hemostasis (hemophilia A, thrombocytopenia, thrombin receptor PAR4 [protease activated receptor 4] deficiency, endothelial protein C receptor [ProcR/EPCR] deficiency). RESULTS Heterozygous, but not homozygous, Leiden mice were protected from lethal infection with highly virulent S. aureus and Y. pestis strains. FV Leiden did not affect the outcome of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture, staphylokinase-deficient S. aureus, Pla-deficient Y. pestis, or E. coli. Thrombocytopenia, deficiency of PAR1 or PAR4 did not affect S. aureus sepsis survival, whereas hemophilia A increased mortality. ProcR deficiency selectively abolished the survival advantage of heterozygous Leiden mice. CONCLUSIONS In mice, heterozygous FV Leiden carriers are protected from sepsis mortality after infection with clinically relevant human bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Kerschen
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Irene Hernandez
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Mark Zogg
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Matthias Maas
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Hartmut Weiler
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
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