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Sánchez A, Gómez-León A. Azoic sediments and benthic foraminifera: Environmental quality in a subtropical coastal lagoon in the gulf of California. Environ Res 2024; 244:117924. [PMID: 38101722 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Marine transitional environments play an important role in human sustainability. Around these ecosystems, coastal lagoons are subject to high anthropogenic pressure from population growth. The increased demand for goods and services is associated with the elevated discharge of untreated and treated wastewater into lagoon systems. The absence of benthic organisms in lagoon environments has been linked to extreme natural conditions and severe anthropogenic impact at both spatial and temporal scales. However, the mechanisms that lead to the presence of azoic sediments in lagoon environments have yet to be studied. This study aimed to determine the vertical variability of textural groups, geochemistry, and benthic foraminiferal fauna to understand how natural and anthropogenic components generate a vertical sediment sequence with low or absent benthic foraminifera in a subtropical coastal lagoon in the southwestern end of the Gulf of California. A 41 cm-long sediment core was collected from La Paz Lagoon at a 1-m depth. The core was sectioned every centimeter, and sediment subsamples were dried and homogenized for grain size, calcium carbonate, elemental and isotopic carbon and nitrogen analyses, and benthic foraminifera quantification. Muds with fine sands towards the core's base characterized the sedimentary sequence. Organic carbon and total nitrogen increased from the base (1.4% and 0.06%, respectively) to the core-top (CT, 3.0% and 0.14%, respectively), significant from the 27 cm interval. Calcium carbonate content was very low (<0.8%). The relationship of δ13C vs. C:N ratio indicated that sedimentary organic carbon was derived from the marine and sewage source mixture. The δ15N of organic matter increased by 3.7‰, starting from the 27 cm interval towards the CT. The nitrogen sewage input source was relatively more significant than nitrogen fixation. The few individuals (<18 ind. in 10 g) and genera (Ammonia and Elphidium), as well as the absence of foraminifera in 19 of 41 intervals in the core, indicated that environmental conditions were unfavorable, even for colonization of environmentally stress-tolerant genera. The frequency of azoic sediments was higher from the 25 cm interval to the CT vs. from the base to the 25 cm interval. Moreover, the AEI revealed severe to moderate hypoxia in the study area. The limited presence of benthic foraminifera and calcium carbonate preservation corroborated that the quality of the lagoon's environment has deteriorated along with population growth, which requires strategic programs to sustain this transitional ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Sánchez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, La Paz, B.C.S, Mexico.
| | - Adriana Gómez-León
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, La Paz, B.C.S, Mexico
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Guastella R, Evans J, Mancin N, Caruso A, Marchini A. Assessing the effect of Amphistegina lobifera invasion on infralittoral benthic foraminiferal assemblages in the Sicily Channel (Central Mediterranean). Mar Environ Res 2023; 192:106247. [PMID: 37931441 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
This article documents, through a quantitative approach, the negative effect of the highly invasive species Amphistegina lobifera Larsen, 1976 on native benthic foraminiferal assemblages of coastal areas in the Sicily Channel (Central Mediterranean). A nested sampling design was applied through the comparison of benthic foraminiferal community structure across three areas that are known to be at different stages of invasion (i.e. Maltese Islands - advanced, southern Sicily - medium, and eastern Sicily - early). Results suggested that both diversity and richness of benthic foraminiferal community from the Maltese Islands were strongly modified by increased abundances of A. lobifera. In contrast, this phenomenon is less evident in southern and eastern Sicily, where the invader displayed lower abundances and the community structure was more diversified. Collected data also allowed for predicting what could happen in the near future in the whole Sicily Channel, as well as in the rest of the Mediterranean Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Guastella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Terra e Dell'Ambiente, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Julian Evans
- Department of Biology, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta.
| | - Nicoletta Mancin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Terra e Dell'Ambiente, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Antonio Caruso
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90123, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Agnese Marchini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Terra e Dell'Ambiente, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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Martínez LT, Marchant M, Díaz RTA, Arrojo MÁ, Muñoz P. Benthic Foraminifera as Pollution Biomarkers: a Morphological Approach. Microb Ecol 2023; 86:2802-2818. [PMID: 37594520 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02282-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Coastal areas are often intervened by anthropic activities, which increase the contamination of toxic agents such as heavy metals. This causes adverse morphological effects on benthic microorganisms, such as foraminifera. This group is one of the most susceptible to environmental deterioration, so they can be used as pollution biomarkers by identifying shell abnormalities. Therefore, 28 sediment samples from northern Chile were analyzed, calculating the Abnormality Index-FAI and its spatio-temporal distributions in benthic foraminifera, as well as the minimum and maximum abnormality percentages and their relationship with heavy metal concentrations, using a generalized non-linear model and a principal component analysis. The results indicated a proportion of abnormal shells within the ranges described for polluted areas conditions, revealing environmental stress conditions. This reflected a change in the environmental conditions in the most recent sediments of the bay. The highest FAI values were observed to the southwest of the bay, caused by the local current system. The species Bolivina seminuda, Buliminella elegantissima, and Epistominella exigua presented a greater number of deformities, allowing them to be used as contamination biomarkers. A significant correlation was found between Ti, Mn, Ni, Va, and Ba with decreased chamber sizes, wrong coiling, scars, and number of abnormality types. This suggests the effect of the particular geochemical conditions of the area on the heavy metals that cause toxic effects on foraminifera. These analyses are an efficient tool for identifying the effects of environmental stress before they occur in higher organisms, mitigating the environmental impact on marine biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tavera Martínez
- Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Margarita Marchant
- Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Roberto T Abdala Díaz
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Blue Biotechnology and Development (IBYDA), Malaga University, Malaga, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Arrojo
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Blue Biotechnology and Development (IBYDA), Malaga University, Malaga, Spain
| | - Praxedes Muñoz
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo-La Serena, Chile
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Robinson RS, Smart SM, Cybulski JD, McMahon KW, Marcks B, Nowakowski C. Insights from Fossil-Bound Nitrogen Isotopes in Diatoms, Foraminifera, and Corals. Ann Rev Mar Sci 2023; 15:407-430. [PMID: 35977410 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-032122-104001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is a major limiting element for biological productivity, and thus understanding past variations in nitrogen cycling is central to understanding past and future ocean biogeochemical cycling, global climate cycles, and biodiversity. Organic nitrogen encapsulated in fossil biominerals is generally protected from alteration, making it an important archive of the marine nitrogen cycle on seasonal to million-year timescales. The isotopic composition of fossil-bound nitrogen reflects variations in the large-scale nitrogen inventory, local sources and processing, and ecological and physiological traits of organisms. The ability to measure trace amounts of fossil-bound nitrogen has expanded with recent method developments. In this article, we review the foundations and ground truthing for three important fossil-bound proxy types: diatoms, foraminifera, and corals. We highlight their utility with examples of high-resolution evidence for anthropogenic inputs of nitrogen to the oceans, glacial-interglacial-scale assessments of nitrogen inventory change, and evidence for enhanced CO2 drawdown in the high-latitude ocean. Future directions include expanded method development, characterization of ecological and physiological variation, and exploration of extended timescales to push reconstructions further back in Earth's history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Robinson
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA; , , , ,
| | - Sandi M Smart
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA;
| | - Jonathan D Cybulski
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA; , , , ,
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Kelton W McMahon
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA; , , , ,
| | - Basia Marcks
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA; , , , ,
| | - Catherine Nowakowski
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA; , , , ,
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Nguyen N, Pawłowska J, Angeles IB, Zajaczkowski M, Pawłowski J. Metabarcoding reveals high diversity of benthic foraminifera linked to water masses circulation at coastal Svalbard. Geobiology 2023; 21:133-150. [PMID: 36259453 PMCID: PMC10092302 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Arctic marine biodiversity is undergoing rapid changes due to global warming and modifications of oceanic water masses circulation. These changes have been demonstrated in the case of mega- and macrofauna, but much less is known about their impact on the biodiversity of smaller size organisms, such as foraminifera that represent a main component of meiofauna in the Arctic. Several studies analyzed the distribution and diversity of Arctic foraminifera. However, all these studies are based exclusively on the morphological identification of specimens sorted from sediment samples. Here, we present the first assessment of Arctic foraminifera diversity based on metabarcoding of sediment DNA samples collected in fjords and open sea areas in the Svalbard Archipelago. We obtained a total of 5,968,786 reads that represented 1384 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). More than half of the ASVs (51.7%) could not be assigned to any group in the reference database suggesting a high genetic novelty of Svalbard foraminifera. The sieved and unsieved samples resolved comparable communities, sharing 1023 ASVs, comprising over 97% of reads. Our analyses show that the foraminiferal assemblage differs between the localities, with communities distinctly separated between fjord and open sea stations. Each locality was characterized by a specific assemblage, with only a small overlap in the case of open sea areas. Our study demonstrates a clear pattern of the influence of water masses on the structure of foraminiferal communities. The stations situated on the western coast of Svalbard that are strongly influenced by warm and salty Atlantic water (AW) are characterized by much higher diversity than stations in the northern and eastern part, where the impact of AW is less pronounced. This high diversity and specificity of Svalbard foraminifera associated with water mass distribution indicate that the foraminiferal metabarcoding data can be very useful for inferring present and past environmental conditions in the Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc‐Loi Nguyen
- Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of SciencesSopotPoland
| | | | - Inès Barrenechea Angeles
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
- Department of Genetics and EvolutionUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | | | - Jan Pawłowski
- Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of SciencesSopotPoland
- Department of Genetics and EvolutionUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
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Dijkstra N, Junttila J, Aagaard-Sørensen S. Impact of drill cutting releases on benthic foraminifera at three exploration wells drilled between 1992 and 2012 in the SW Barents Sea, Norway. Mar Pollut Bull 2020; 150:110784. [PMID: 31910527 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to identify the environmental impact of drill cuttings (DC) released around three wells drilled in 1992, 2000 and 2012 in the SW Barents Sea. Foraminiferal assemblages are studied in cores taken along transects <250 m from wells. Well E-1992 shows no impact of DC on foraminifera indicating that low amounts of released DC limit environmental impact. Impact at wells G-2000 and S-2012, is confined to <30 m, and attributable to smothering of fauna, resulting in low foraminiferal density. We therefore argue that previous monitoring studies, mainly focusing on samples collected >250 m from wellheads, might not capture the full impact of DC. In well G-2000, a recovery layer indicates partial recovery 15 years after DC releases. In well S-2012, no recovery is observed, 3 years after release. Released DC did not result in faunal composition changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noortje Dijkstra
- Department of Geosciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway in Tromsø, Postboks 6050 Langnes, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Juho Junttila
- Department of Geosciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway in Tromsø, Postboks 6050 Langnes, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Steffen Aagaard-Sørensen
- Department of Geosciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway in Tromsø, Postboks 6050 Langnes, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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Machain-Castillo ML, Ruiz-Fernández AC, Gracia A, Sanchez-Cabeza JA, Rodríguez-Ramírez A, Alexander-Valdés HM, Pérez-Bernal LH, Nava-Fernández XA, Gómez-Lizárraga LE, Almaraz-Ruiz L, Schwing PT, Hollander DJ. Natural and anthropogenic oil impacts on benthic foraminifera in the southern Gulf of Mexico. Mar Environ Res 2019; 149:111-125. [PMID: 31280120 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Campeche Sound is the major offshore oil producing area in the Southern Gulf of Mexico (SGoM). To evaluate the impact of oil related activities in the ocean floor sediments, we analyzed the geochemical (major and trace element, organic carbon and hydrocarbon concentrations) and biological (benthic foraminifera) composition of 62 superficial sediment samples, from 13 to 1336 m water depth. Cluster and Factor analysis of all the variables indicate that their distribution patterns are mainly controlled by differences between the terrigenous and carbonate platforms in the SGoM. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages were abundant and diverse, and their distribution patterns are mainly determined by water depth and sedimentary environment. However, most of the abundant species are opportunistic and/or low-oxygen tolerant, and many of their tests show oil stains and infillings, characteristic of oil polluted locations, suggesting the environment has been modified by natural seepage or oil-related activities. To determine if these conditions are natural or anthropogenic in origin, pre - industrial settings should be studied. Organic carbon (Corg) content (0.6-2.9%) and total hydrocarbon concentrations (PAHs 1.0-29.5 μg kg-1) were usually higher around the oil platforms area, the natural hydrocarbon seeps ("chapopoteras") area and offshore rivers, but there is no accumulation of oil related trace elements in these areas. However, the comparison with international sediment quality benchmarks indicates that Cd, Cr and Ni concentrations are above the threshold effect level, and also As, Ba and Cu are above the probable effect level benchmarks, which indicate that these element concentrations might be of potential ecological concern. Comprehensive studies involving different proxies, and assessing pre-industrial conditions, must be undertaken before assessing environmental health of marine benthic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Machain-Castillo
- Unidad Académica de Procesos Oceánicos y Costeros, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico.
| | - A C Ruiz-Fernández
- Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Calz. Montes Camarena s/n, Col. Playa Sur, 82040, Mazatlán, Mexico
| | - A Gracia
- Unidad Académica de Ecología y Biodiversidad Acuática, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico
| | - J A Sanchez-Cabeza
- Unidad Académica de Procesos Oceánicos y Costeros, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico
| | - A Rodríguez-Ramírez
- Unidad Académica de Procesos Oceánicos y Costeros, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico
| | - H M Alexander-Valdés
- Unidad Académica de Procesos Oceánicos y Costeros, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico
| | - L H Pérez-Bernal
- Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Calz. Montes Camarena s/n, Col. Playa Sur, 82040, Mazatlán, Mexico
| | - X A Nava-Fernández
- Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico
| | - L E Gómez-Lizárraga
- Unidad Académica de Procesos Oceánicos y Costeros, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico
| | - L Almaraz-Ruiz
- Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico
| | - P T Schwing
- University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, 140 7th Ave. S, Saint Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - D J Hollander
- University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, 140 7th Ave. S, Saint Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
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Ujiié Y, Kimoto K, Ishimura T. Advanced approach to analyzing calcareous protists for present and past pelagic ecology: Comprehensive analysis of 3D-morphology, stable isotopes, and genes of planktic foraminifers. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213282. [PMID: 30845272 PMCID: PMC6405064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine protists play an important role in oceanic ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles. However, the difficulties in culturing pelagic protists indicate that their ecology and behavior remain poorly understood; phylogeographic studies based on single-cell genetic analyses have often shown that they are highly divergent at the biological species level, with variable geographic distributions. This indicates that their ecology could be complex. On the other hand, the biomineral (calcareous) shells of planktic foraminifers are widely used in geochemical analyses to estimate marine paleoenvironmental characteristics (i.e., temperature), because the shell chemical composition reflects ambient seawater conditions. Among the pelagic protists, planktic foraminifers are ideal study candidates to develop a combined approach of genetic, morphological, and geochemical methods, thus reflecting environmental and ecological characteristics. The present study precisely tested whether the DNA extraction process physically and chemically affects the shells of the planktic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber. We used a nondestructive method for analyzing physical changes (micro-focus X-ray computed tomography (MXCT) scanning) to compare specimens at the pre- and post-DNA extraction stages. Our results demonstrate that DNA extraction has no significant effect on shell density and thickness. We measured stable carbon and oxygen isotopes on the shell of each individual in a negative control or one of two DNA-extracted groups and detected no significant differences in isotopic values among the three groups. Moreover, we evaluated isotopic variations at the biological species level with regard to their ecological characteristics such as depth habitat, life stages, and symbionts. Thus, our examination of the physiochemical effects on biomineral shells through DNA extraction shows that morphological and isotopic analyses of foraminifers can be combined with genetic analysis. These analytical methods are applicable to other shell-forming protists and microorganisms. In this study, we developed a powerful analytical tool for use in ecological and environmental studies of modern and past oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurika Ujiié
- Center for Advanced Marine Core Research, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Katsunori Kimoto
- Research and Development Center for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Toyoho Ishimura
- National Institute of Technology, Ibaraki College, Hitachinaka, Japan
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Diab M, Shreteh K, Volokh M, Abramovich S, Abdu U, Mokari T. Calcareous Foraminiferal Shells as a Template for the Formation of Hierarchal Structures of Inorganic Nanomaterials. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:6456-6462. [PMID: 30694641 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A microorganism template approach has been explored for the fabrication of various well-defined three-dimensional (3D) structures. However, most of these templates suffer from small size (few μm), difficulty to remove the template, or low surface area, which affect their potential use in different applications or makes industrial scale-up difficult. Conversely, foraminifer's microorganisms are large (up to 200 mm), consist of CaCO3 (easy to dissolve in mild acid), and have a relatively high surface area (≈5 m2 g-1). Herein, we demonstrate the formation of hierarchical structures of inorganic materials using calcareous foraminiferal shells such as Sorites, Globigerinella siphonifera, Lox-ostomina amygdaleformis, Calcarina baculatus or hispida, and Peneroplis planatus. Several techniques, such as thermal decomposition of single-source precursors of metal oxides or sulfides, reduction of metal salts directly on the surfaces, and redox reactions, were used for coating of different shell materials and several hybrid compositions, which possess nanofeatures. Finally, we examined the role of the prepared 3D structures on the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), ethanol electrooxidation, and water purification. A remarkable performance was achieved in each application. The hierarchical structure leads to the reduction of 4-NP within several minutes, a 27 mA cm-2 current density peak was obtained for ethanol electrooxidation, and more than 95% of the organic dye contaminants were successfully removed. These results show that using foraminiferal shells offers a new way for designing complex hierarchical structures with unique properties.
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Mor Khalifa G, Kahil K, Erez J, Kaplan Ashiri I, Shimoni E, Pinkas I, Addadi L, Weiner S. Characterization of unusual MgCa particles involved in the formation of foraminifera shells using a novel quantitative cryo SEM/EDS protocol. Acta Biomater 2018; 77:342-351. [PMID: 30026104 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying ion concentrations and mapping their intracellular distributions at high resolution can provide much insight into the formation of biomaterials. The key to achieving this goal is cryo-fixation, where the biological materials, tissues and associated solutions are rapidly frozen and preserved in a vitreous state. We developed a correlative cryo-Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)/Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) protocol that provides quantitative elemental analysis correlated with spatial imaging of cryo-immobilized specimens. We report the accuracy and sensitivity of the cryo-EDS method, as well as insights we derive on biomineralization pathways in a foraminifer. Foraminifera are marine protozoans that produce Mg-containing calcitic shells and are major calcifying organisms in the oceans. We use the cryo-SEM/EDS correlative method to characterize unusual Mg and Ca-rich particles in the cytoplasm of a benthic foraminifer. The Mg/Ca ratio of these particles is consistently lower than that of seawater, the source solution for these ions. We infer that these particles are involved in Ca ion supply to the shell. We document the internal structure of the MgCa particles, which in some cases include a separate Si rich core phase. This approach to mapping ion distribution in cryo-preserved specimens may have broad applications to other mineralized biomaterials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Ions are an integral part of life, and some ions play fundamental roles in cell metabolism. Determining the concentrations of ions in cells and between cells, as well as their distributions at high resolution can provide valuable insights into ion uptake, storage, functions and the formation of biomaterials. Here we present a new cryo-SEM/EDS protocol that allows the mapping of different ion distributions in solutions and biological samples that have been cryo-preserved. We demonstrate the value of this novel approach by characterizing a novel biogenic mineral phase rich in Mg found in foraminifera, single celled marine organisms. This method has wide applicability in biology, and especially in understanding the formation and function of mineral-containing hard tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Mor Khalifa
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Keren Kahil
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Jonathan Erez
- Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Ifat Kaplan Ashiri
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Eyal Shimoni
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Iddo Pinkas
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Lia Addadi
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Steve Weiner
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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Golreihan A, Steuwe C, Woelders L, Deprez A, Fujita Y, Vellekoop J, Swennen R, Roeffaers MBJ. Improving preservation state assessment of carbonate microfossils in paleontological research using label-free stimulated Raman imaging. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199695. [PMID: 29995961 PMCID: PMC6040746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In micropaleontological and paleoclimatological studies based on microfossil morphology and geochemistry, assessing the preservation state of fossils is of the highest importance, as diagenetic alteration invalidates textural features and compromises the correct interpretation of stable isotope and trace elemental analysis. In this paper, we present a novel non-invasive and label-free tomographic approach to reconstruct the three-dimensional architecture of microfossils with submicron resolution based on stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). Furthermore, this technique allows deciphering the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of the minerals within these fossils in a chemically sensitive manner. Our method, therefore, allows to identify microfossils, to chemically map their internal structure and eventually to determine their preservation state. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this method by analyzing several benthic and planktonic foraminifera, obtaining full 3D distributions of carbonate, iron oxide and porosity for each specimen. Subsequently, the preservation state of each microfossil can be assessed using these 3D compositional maps. The technique is highly sensitive, non-destructive, time-efficient and avoids the need for sample pretreatment. Therefore, its predestined application is the final check of the state of microfossils before applying subsequent geochemical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asefeh Golreihan
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Division of Geology, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
- * E-mail: (AG); (MR)
| | - Christian Steuwe
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Lineke Woelders
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Division of Geology, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Arne Deprez
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Division of Geology, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Yasuhiko Fujita
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Johan Vellekoop
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Division of Geology, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Rudy Swennen
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Division of Geology, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Maarten B. J. Roeffaers
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
- * E-mail: (AG); (MR)
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12
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Charrieau LM, Filipsson HL, Nagai Y, Kawada S, Ljung K, Kritzberg E, Toyofuku T. Decalcification and survival of benthic foraminifera under the combined impacts of varying pH and salinity. Mar Environ Res 2018; 138:36-45. [PMID: 29680163 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Coastal areas display natural large environmental variability such as frequent changes in salinity, pH, and carbonate chemistry. Anthropogenic impacts - especially ocean acidification - increase this variability, which may affect the living conditions of coastal species, particularly, calcifiers. We performed culture experiments on living benthic foraminifera to study the combined effects of lowered pH and salinity on the calcification abilities and survival of the coastal, calcitic species Ammonia sp. and Elphidium crispum. We found that in open ocean conditions (salinity ∼35) and lower pH than usual values for these species, the specimens displayed resistance to shell (test) dissolution for a longer time than in brackish conditions (salinity ∼5 to 20). However, the response was species specific as Ammonia sp. specimens survived longer than E. crispum specimens when placed in the same conditions of salinity and pH. Living, decalcified juveniles of Ammonia sp. were observed and we show that desalination is one cause for the decalcification. Finally, we highlight the ability of foraminifera to survive under Ωcalc < 1, and that high salinity and [Ca2+] as building blocks are crucial for the foraminiferal calcification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie M Charrieau
- Department of Geology, Lund University, Sweden; Department of Environmental Science, Lund University, Sweden.
| | | | - Yukiko Nagai
- Department of Marine Biodiversity Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Japan; Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kawada
- Department of Marine Biodiversity Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Karl Ljung
- Department of Geology, Lund University, Sweden
| | | | - Takashi Toyofuku
- Department of Marine Biodiversity Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Japan; Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT), Japan
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13
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Armynot du Châtelet E, Francescangeli F, Bouchet VMP, Frontalini F. Benthic foraminifera in transitional environments in the English Channel and the southern North Sea: A proxy for regional-scale environmental and paleo-environmental characterisations. Mar Environ Res 2018; 137:37-48. [PMID: 29503106 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of the available databases including 700 sampling stations from subtidal to salt marsh areas, the purpose of this paper is to synthesise the regional distribution of living benthic foraminifera in transitional environments along the English Channel and southern North Sea. Indicator species analyses assign 37 foraminiferal taxa to high salt marsh, middle salt marsh, low salt marsh, tidal flat, tidal channel, and subtidal environmental units. Species are indicator of a single unit (e.g., Elphidium gunteri for tidal flat) up to four units (e.g., Haynesina germanica from tidal flat to middle marsh). The outcomes of the present study enhance future high-resolution paleo-environmental interpretations based on benthic foraminifera in transitional environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Armynot du Châtelet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F 59 000, Lille, France.
| | - F Francescangeli
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F 59 000, Lille, France; Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F 62 930, Wimereux, France.
| | - V M P Bouchet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F 62 930, Wimereux, France.
| | - F Frontalini
- Univ. Urbino Dipartimento di Scienze Pure e Applicate (DiSPeA), Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Campus Scientifico Enrico Mattei, Località Crocicchia, 61029, Urbino, Italy.
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14
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Bouchet VMP, Telford RJ, Rygg B, Oug E, Alve E. Can benthic foraminifera serve as proxies for changes in benthic macrofaunal community structure? Implications for the definition of reference conditions. Mar Environ Res 2018; 137:24-36. [PMID: 29503108 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Benthic macrofauna is one of the most widely used biological groups to assess the ecological status of marine systems. Lately, attention has been paid to similar use of benthic foraminifera. In this study, distribution patterns of benthic foraminiferal and macrofaunal species were investigated simultaneously in 11 fjords in southeastern Norway in order to assess correlations and responses to environmental conditions. Selected fjords allowed to investigate contrasted environmental conditions from low total organic carbon (TOC) content (sediment TOC < 2.7%) in normoxia (bottom-water [O2] > 2 mL O2.L-1) up to high TOC content (> 3.4%) in severe hypoxia (< 0.5 mL O2.L-1). Environmental parameters comprised bottom-water dissolved oxygen, grain size, total organic carbon, total nitrogen (TN), pigments and depth below threshold (DBT). Foraminiferal and macrofaunal community data were significantly correlated (Procrustes analysis m2 = 0.66, p = 0.001). Hence, benthic foraminiferal distribution patterns mirror those of benthic macrofauna. However, as opposed to the foraminifera, macrofauna was not recorded at the most oxygen-depleted stations and, hence, was more sensitive to severe oxygen depletion. With regard to assigning species to ecological groups for ecological quality status assessment, the results suggest that species, e.g. Spiroplectammina biformis (foraminifera), Scalibregma inflatum (macrofauna), may exhibit different ecological requirements depending on their habitat. Considering the observed congruent patterns of benthic foraminifera and macrofauna, palaeo-communities of benthic foraminifera could be used as indicators of reference conditions for benthic macrofaunal community structure. This would however need further developments of algorithms to perform such a translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent M P Bouchet
- Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1047, Blindern 0316 Oslo, Norway; Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F 62930 Wimereux, France.
| | - Richard J Telford
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Allegaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Brage Rygg
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadallèen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Oug
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Region South, Jon Lilletuns vei 3, 4879 Grimstad, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Alve
- Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1047, Blindern 0316 Oslo, Norway
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15
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Schwing PT, Chanton JP, Romero IC, Hollander DJ, Goddard EA, Brooks GR, Larson RA. Tracing the incorporation of carbon into benthic foraminiferal calcite following the Deepwater Horizon event. Environ Pollut 2018; 237:424-429. [PMID: 29502005 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Following the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) event in 2010, hydrocarbons were deposited on the continental slope in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico through marine oil snow sedimentation and flocculent accumulation (MOSSFA). The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that benthic foraminiferal δ13C would record this depositional event. From December 2010 to August 2014, a time-series of sediment cores was collected at two impacted sites and one control site in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Short-lived radioisotopes (210Pb and 234Th) were employed to establish the pre-DWH, DWH, and post-DWH intervals. Benthic foraminifera (Cibicidoides spp. and Uvigerina spp.) were isolated from these intervals for δ13C measurement. A modest (0.2-0.4‰), but persistent δ13C depletion in the DWH intervals of impacted sites was observed over a two-year period. This difference was significantly beyond the pre-DWH (background) variability and demonstrated that benthic foraminiferal calcite recorded the depositional event. The longevity of the depletion in the δ13C record suggested that benthic foraminifera may have recorded the change in organic matter caused by MOSSFA from 2010 to 2012. These findings have implications for assessing the subsurface spatial distribution of the DWH MOSSFA event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T Schwing
- University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, 140 7th Ave. S., Saint Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.
| | - Jeffrey P Chanton
- Florida State University, Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, P.O. Box 3064520, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Isabel C Romero
- University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, 140 7th Ave. S., Saint Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - David J Hollander
- University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, 140 7th Ave. S., Saint Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Ethan A Goddard
- University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, 140 7th Ave. S., Saint Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Gregg R Brooks
- Eckerd College, 4200 54th Ave. S., Saint Petersburg, FL 33711, USA
| | - Rebekka A Larson
- University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, 140 7th Ave. S., Saint Petersburg, FL 33701, USA; Eckerd College, 4200 54th Ave. S., Saint Petersburg, FL 33711, USA
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16
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Di Bella L, Ingrassia M, Frezza V, Chiocci FL, Pecci R, Bedini R, Martorelli E. Spiculosiphon oceana (Foraminifera) a new bio-indicator of acidic environments related to fluid emissions of the Zannone Hydrothermal Field (central Tyrrhenian Sea). Mar Environ Res 2018; 136:89-98. [PMID: 29500050 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The new record of a shallow-water submarine hydrothermal field (<150 m w.d.) in the western Mediterranean Sea (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) allows us to study CO2 fluid impact on benthic foraminifers. Benthic foraminifers calcification process is sensitive to ocean acidification and to local chemical and physical parameters of seawater and pore water. Thus, foraminifers can record specific environmental conditions related to hydrothermal fluids, but at present their response to such activity is poorly defined. The major outcome of this study is the finding of a very uncommon taxon for the Mediterranean Sea, i.e., the Spiculosiphon oceana, a giant foraminifer agglutinating spicules of sponges. This evidence, along with the strong decrease of calcareous tests in the foraminiferal assemblages associated to hydrothermal activity, provides new insights on the meiofauna living in natural stressed environment. In particular, observations obtained from this study allow us to consider S. oceana a potential tolerant species of high CO2 concentrations (about 2-4 times higher than the normal marine values) and a proxy of acidic environments as well as of recent ocean acidification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Di Bella
- Department of Earth Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro, 5-0018 Roma, Italy.
| | - Michela Ingrassia
- CNR-IGAG (Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria), UOS Roma, Piazzale A. Moro, 5-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Virgilio Frezza
- Department of Earth Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro, 5-0018 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco L Chiocci
- Department of Earth Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro, 5-0018 Roma, Italy
| | - Raffaella Pecci
- Technologies and Health Dpt., Biomaterials and Contaminants Section, ISS (Istituto Superiore di Sanità), Viale Regina Elena, 299-00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Rossella Bedini
- Technologies and Health Dpt., Biomaterials and Contaminants Section, ISS (Istituto Superiore di Sanità), Viale Regina Elena, 299-00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Eleonora Martorelli
- CNR-IGAG (Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria), UOS Roma, Piazzale A. Moro, 5-00185 Roma, Italy
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17
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Dijkstra N, Junttila J, Aagaard-Sørensen S. Environmental baselines and reconstruction of Atlantic Water inflow in Bjørnøyrenna, SW Barents Sea, since 1800 CE. Mar Environ Res 2017; 132:117-131. [PMID: 29129397 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Metal concentrations, sediment properties and benthic foraminiferal assemblages were investigated in sediment cores in the SW Barents Sea, to reconstruct environmental baselines and natural variability of Atlantic Water inflow since 1800 CE. Metal concentrations correspond to no effect levels and do not influence the foraminifera. Increased Hg and Pb was linked to inflow of Atlantic Water. The data set is considered to reflect the pre-impacted environmental baseline and range in natural variability of the study area. The foraminiferal assemblages in the SW part of the study area showed warming and presence of Atlantic Water towards 1900 CE. The NE part of the region indicate presence of cold Artic Water influenced conditions. Between 1900 and 1980 CE, the SW region indicates reduced inflow of Atlantic Water. From 1980 CE towards the present the assemblages of the entire study area show warming of Atlantic Water and northward retreat of the Arctic Front.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noortje Dijkstra
- Department of Geosciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway in Tromsø, Postboks 6050 Langnes, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Juho Junttila
- Department of Geosciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway in Tromsø, Postboks 6050 Langnes, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Steffen Aagaard-Sørensen
- Department of Geosciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway in Tromsø, Postboks 6050 Langnes, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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18
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Wang XL, Planavsky NJ, Hull PM, Tripati AE, Zou HJ, Elder L, Henehan M. Chromium isotopic composition of core-top planktonic foraminifera. Geobiology 2017; 15:51-64. [PMID: 27392225 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The chromium isotope system (53 Cr/52 Cr expressed as δ53 Cr relative to NIST SRM 979) is potentially a powerful proxy for the redox state of the ocean-atmosphere system, but a lack of temporally continuous, well-calibrated archives has limited its application to date. Marine carbonates could potentially serve as a common and continuous Cr isotope archive. Here, we present the first evaluation of planktonic foraminiferal calcite as an archive of seawater δ53 Cr. We show that single foraminiferal species from globally distributed core tops yielded variable δ53 Cr, ranging from 0.1‰ to 2.5‰. These values do not match with the existing measurements of seawater δ53 Cr. Further, within a single core-top, species with similar water column distributions (i.e., depth habitats) yielded variable δ53 Cr values. In addition, mixed layer and thermocline species do not consistently exhibit decreasing trends in δ53 Cr as expected based on current understanding of Cr cycling in the ocean. These observations suggest that either seawater δ53 Cr is more heterogeneous than previously thought or that there is significant and species-dependent Cr isotope fractionation during foraminiferal calcification. Given that the δ53 Cr variability is comparable to that observed in geological samples throughout Earth's history, interpreting planktonic foraminiferal δ53 Cr without calibrating modern foraminifera further, and without additional seawater measurements, would lead to erroneous conclusions. Our core-top survey clearly indicates that planktonic foraminifera are not a straightforward δ53 Cr archive and should not be used to study marine redox evolution without additional study. It likewise cautions against the use of δ53 Cr in bulk carbonate or other biogenic archives pending further work on vital effects and the geographic heterogeneity of the Cr isotope composition of seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Wang
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - P M Hull
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - A E Tripati
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Université de Brest, Plouzané, France
| | - H J Zou
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - L Elder
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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19
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Schintu M, Marrucci A, Marras B, Galgani F, Buosi C, Ibba A, Cherchi A. Heavy metal accumulation in surface sediments at the port of Cagliari (Sardinia, western Mediterranean): Environmental assessment using sequential extractions and benthic foraminifera. Mar Pollut Bull 2016; 111:45-56. [PMID: 27449828 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Superficial sediments were taken at the port of Cagliari (Sardinia, Italy), which includes the oil terminal of one of the largest oil refineries in the Mediterranean. Significant trace metal concentrations were found in the whole port area. Sequential extraction of metals from the different sediment fractions (BCR method) showed a higher risk of remobilisation for Cd, which is mostly bound to the exchangeable fraction. Foraminiferal density and richness of species were variable across the study area. The living assemblages were characterized by low diversity in samples collected close to the port areas. Ammonia tepida and bolivinids, which were positively correlated with concentrations of heavy metals and organic matter content, appeared to show tolerance to the environmental disturbance. The sampling sites characterized by the highest values of biotic indices were located far from the port areas and present an epiphytic and epifaunal biocoenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Schintu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via GT Porcell 4, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Marrucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via GT Porcell 4, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Barbara Marras
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via GT Porcell 4, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Francois Galgani
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Ifremer, F-20600 Bastia, France.
| | - Carla Buosi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via Trentino 51, I-09127 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Angelo Ibba
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via Trentino 51, I-09127 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Antonietta Cherchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via Trentino 51, I-09127 Cagliari, Italy.
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20
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Laroche O, Wood SA, Tremblay LA, Ellis JI, Lejzerowicz F, Pawlowski J, Lear G, Atalah J, Pochon X. First evaluation of foraminiferal metabarcoding for monitoring environmental impact from an offshore oil drilling site. Mar Environ Res 2016; 120:225-235. [PMID: 27595900 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
At present, environmental impacts from offshore oil and gas activities are partly determined by measuring changes in macrofauna diversity. Morphological identification of macrofauna is time-consuming, expensive and dependent on taxonomic expertise. In this study, we evaluated the applicability of using foraminiferal-specific metabarcoding for routine monitoring. Sediment samples were collected along distance gradients from two oil platforms off Taranaki (New Zealand) and their physico-chemical properties, foraminiferal environmental DNA/RNA, and macrofaunal composition analyzed. Macrofaunal and foraminiferal assemblages showed similar shifts along impact gradients, but responded differently to environmental perturbations. Macrofauna were affected by hypoxia, whereas sediment grain size appeared to drive shifts in foraminifera. We identified eight foraminiferal molecular operational taxonomic units that have potential to be used as bioindicator taxa. Our results show that metabarcoding represents an effective tool for assessing foraminiferal communities near offshore oil and gas platforms, and that it can be used to complement current monitoring techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Laroche
- Environmental Technologies, Coastal and Freshwater Group, Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Susanna A Wood
- Environmental Technologies, Coastal and Freshwater Group, Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand; Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Louis A Tremblay
- Environmental Technologies, Coastal and Freshwater Group, Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Joanne I Ellis
- Red Sea Research Centre, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jan Pawlowski
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gavin Lear
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Javier Atalah
- Environmental Technologies, Coastal and Freshwater Group, Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand
| | - Xavier Pochon
- Environmental Technologies, Coastal and Freshwater Group, Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand; Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 349, Warkworth 0941, New Zealand
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21
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Lee YG, Choi YH, Jeong DU, Lee JS, Kim YW, Park JJ, Choi JU. Effect of abalone farming on seawater movement and benthic foraminiferal assemblage of Zostera marina in the inner bay of Wando, South Korea. Mar Pollut Bull 2016; 109:205-220. [PMID: 27287862 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tidal current survey as well as geochemical and benthic foraminiferal analyses of sediment cores were conducted in an abalone farm and a Zostera bed to understand the degree to which the abalone farm facilities installed along a channel in a shallow sea affect the benthic environment and ecology. In the abalone farm, Ammonia beccarii-Pseudoparrella naraensis-Elphidium somaense-Rosalina globularis-Trochammina hadai and P. naraensis-E. somaense-A. beccarii-T. hadai assemblages appeared owing to an increase in the total nitrogen content from the biodeposits. The Zostera bed consisted of A. beccarii-P. naraensis-Buccella frigida-T. hadai assemblage owing to the gradual expansion of a brackish shallow-water environment by the rapidly decreasing current speed, and it may have flourished. Moreover, the total sulfur, Zn, Cr, and Cu contents in the sediments decreased remarkably more than those of the pre-abalone farming did, caused by the vigorous activity of Zostera marina physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Gyu Lee
- Faculty of Marine Technology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, South Korea.
| | - Yang Ho Choi
- South Sea Fisheries Research Institute, NIFS, Yeosu 59780, South Korea.
| | - Da Un Jeong
- Faculty of Marine Technology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, South Korea.
| | - Jung Sick Lee
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, South Korea.
| | - Yong Wan Kim
- Center for Research Facilities, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, South Korea.
| | - Jung Jun Park
- South Sea Fisheries Research Institute, NIFS, Yeosu 59780, South Korea.
| | - Jae Ung Choi
- Faculty of Marine Technology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, South Korea.
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22
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Sabbatini A, Negri A, Bartolini A, Morigi C, Boudouma O, Dinelli E, Florindo F, Galeazzi R, Holzmann M, Lurcock PC, Massaccesi L, Pawlowski J, Rocchi S. Selective zircon accumulation in a new benthic foraminifer, Psammophaga zirconia, sp. nov. Geobiology 2016; 14:404-416. [PMID: 27001345 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Benthic foraminifera are single-celled eukaryotes that make a protective organic, agglutinated or calcareous test. Some agglutinated, single-chambered taxa, including Psammophaga Arnold, 1982, retain mineral particles in their cytoplasm, but the selective mechanism of accumulation is not clear. Here, we report the ability of a foraminiferal species to select and accumulate zircons and other heavy minerals in their cytoplasm. In particular, the use of Scanning Electron Microscope coupled with an Energy Dispersive X-ray microanalysis system (SEM-EDS) enabled a representative overview of the mineral diversity and showed that the analysed Psammophaga zirconia sp. nov. individuals contained dominantly crystals of zircon (51%), titanium oxides (27%), and ilmenite (11%) along with minor magnetite and other minerals. The studied specimens occur in the shallow central Adriatic Sea where the sediment has a content of zircon below 1% and of other heavy minerals below 4%. For that reason we hypothesize that: (i) P. zirconia may be able to chemically select minerals, specifically zircon and rutile; (ii) the chemical mechanism allowing the selection is based on electrostatic interaction, and it could work also for agglutinated foraminifera (whether for ingestion, like Xenophyophores, or incorporation in the test as in many other described taxa). In particular, this aptitude for high preferential uptake and differential ingestion or retention of zircon is reported here for the first time, together with the selection of other heavy minerals already described in members of the genus Psammophaga. They are generally counted among early foraminifera, constructing a morphologically simple test with a single chamber. Our molecular phylogenetic study confirms that P. zirconia is a new species, genetically distinctive from other Psammophaga, and occurs in the Adriatic as well as in the Black Sea.
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MESH Headings
- Cluster Analysis
- Cytoplasm/chemistry
- DNA, Protozoan/chemistry
- DNA, Protozoan/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Foraminifera/chemistry
- Foraminifera/classification
- Foraminifera/cytology
- Genes, rRNA
- Mediterranean Sea
- Metals, Heavy/analysis
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Minerals/analysis
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Protozoan/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission
- Zirconium/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sabbatini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente Di.S.V.A., Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - A Negri
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente Di.S.V.A., Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - A Bartolini
- Centre de Recherche sur la Paléobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements, UMR 7207 CNRS MNHN UPMC, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - C Morigi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - O Boudouma
- ISTEP (UMR 7193), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - E Dinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Florindo
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Roma, Italy
| | - R Galeazzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente Di.S.V.A., Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Holzmann
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Université de Genève, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - P C Lurcock
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Roma, Italy
| | - L Massaccesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente Di.S.V.A., Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - J Pawlowski
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Université de Genève, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - S Rocchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Romano E, Bergamin L, Ausili A, Celia Magno M, Gabellini M. Evolution of the anthropogenic impact in the Augusta Harbor (Eastern Sicily, Italy) in the last decades: benthic foraminifera as indicators of environmental status. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:10514-10528. [PMID: 26578377 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5783-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The study of benthic foraminifera in sediment cores provides the opportunity to recognize environmental changes, including those due to the anthropogenic impact. The integration of these data with chemical-physical parameters provides a comprehensive quality assessment. This research was applied to a sediment core collected in the Augusta bay, where a very large commercial and military harbor and one of the largest petrochemical poles in Europe are present. Inside the petrochemical area also operated, from 1958 to 2003, a chlor-alkali plant with mercury cell technology which caused anthropic contamination of surrounding land and marine areas. The sediment core was collected in front of this plant and characterized for grain size and pollutants directly associated to chlor-alkali activity, such as mercury (Hg), barium (Ba), polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Composition of foraminiferal assemblages and faunal parameters such as specific diversity, faunal density, abundance of abnormal specimens, and foraminiferal size were investigated as potential indicators of environmental status. Statistical analysis indicated a main common origin for Hg, Ba, and PCBs and the influence of pollutants on species distribution and faunal diversity and density. Exceptionally high Hg concentrations (63-680 mg/kg d.w.) were recorded in the whole core, where the geochronological study attributed the most contaminated levels to the period of maximum activity of the chlor-alkali plant, while a decrease of contamination was recorded after the stop of the activity. Distinct foraminiferal assemblages identified different ecozones along the core, which suggested decreasing anthropogenic impact from the bottom to the top.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Romano
- ISPRA-Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Via di Castel Romano, 100, 00128, Rome, Italy.
| | - Luisa Bergamin
- ISPRA-Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Via di Castel Romano, 100, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Ausili
- ISPRA-Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Via di Castel Romano, 100, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Celia Magno
- ISPRA-Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Via di Castel Romano, 100, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Gabellini
- ISPRA-Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Via di Castel Romano, 100, 00128, Rome, Italy
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Martins MVA, Helali MA, Zaaboub N, Boukef-BenOmrane I, Frontalini F, Reis D, Portela H, Clemente IMMM, Nogueira L, Pereira E, Miranda P, El Bour M, Aleya L. Organic matter quantity and quality, metals availability and foraminiferal assemblages as environmental proxy applied to the Bizerte Lagoon (Tunisia). Mar Pollut Bull 2016; 105:161-179. [PMID: 26922361 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzes the benthic trophic state of Bizerte Lagoon (Tunisia) based on the total organic matter and the bioavailability of biopolymeric carbon including proteins (PTN), carbohydrates (CHO), lipids (LIP), chlorophyll a, as well as bacteria counts. The overall simultaneously extracted metals (SEM), and acid volatile sulfides (AVS) as well as the SEM/AVS ratio indicative of the toxicity of the sediments also were analyzed aiming to study their impact in the dimension, composition and structure of both dead and living benthic foraminiferal assemblages. In the studied sites TOC content is relatively high and the PTN/CHO values indicate that they can be considered as meso-eutrophic environments. The CHO/TOC and C/N values suggest that the OM which accumulated on the sediments surface has mainly natural origin despite the introduction of municipal and industrial effluents in the lagoon and the large bacterial pool. The living assemblages of benthic foraminifera of Bizerte Lagoon are quite different to other Mediterranean transitional systems studied until now. They are composed of typical lagoonal species but also include several marine and opportunistic species including significant numbers of bolivinids, buliminids, Nonionella/Nonionoides spp. and Cassidulina/Globocassidulina spp. These assemblages seem to benefitfrom the physicochemical parameters and the sediment stability. They may however face environmental stress in the lagoon related to the AVS production as a result of the organic matter degradation and toxicity in some areas due to the available concentrations of metals. Nonetheless statistical results evidence that the structure and dimension of assemblages are being controlled mostly by OM quantity and quality related mainly to the availability of PTN, CHO and chlorophyll a. Results of this work support the importance of considering OM quantity and quality in studies of environmental impact in coastal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Virgínia Alves Martins
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - UERJ, Faculdade de Geologia, Depto. de Paleontologia e Estratigrafia. Av. São Francisco Xavier, 524, Maracanã, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; GeoBioTec, Departmento de Geosciencias, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Mohamed Amine Helali
- Laboratoire des Ressources Minérales et Environnement, Département de Géologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, 2092, Tunisia.
| | - Noureddine Zaaboub
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer, 1934-2025 Salammbô, Tunisia.
| | - Imen Boukef-BenOmrane
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer, 1934-2025 Salammbô, Tunisia.
| | - Fabrizio Frontalini
- Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Dipartimento di Scienze Pure e Applicate (DiSPeA), Campus Scientifico Enrico Mattei Località Crocicchia, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Darlly Reis
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Análises de Bacias e Faixas Móveis, Faculdade de Geologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Helena Portela
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Análises de Bacias e Faixas Móveis, Faculdade de Geologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | - Leandro Nogueira
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Análises de Bacias e Faixas Móveis, Faculdade de Geologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Egberto Pereira
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - UERJ, Faculdade de Geologia, Depto. de Paleontologia e Estratigrafia. Av. São Francisco Xavier, 524, Maracanã, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Miranda
- GeoBioTec, Departmento de Geosciencias, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Monia El Bour
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer, 1934-2025 Salammbô, Tunisia.
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Laboratoire de Chrono-Environnement, UMR CNRS 6249, Place Leclerc, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France.
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25
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Sessa JA, Larina E, Knoll K, Garb M, Cochran JK, Huber BT, MacLeod KG, Landman NH. Ammonite habitat revealed via isotopic composition and comparisons with co-occurring benthic and planktonic organisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:15562-7. [PMID: 26630003 PMCID: PMC4697401 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1507554112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ammonites are among the best-known fossils of the Phanerozoic, yet their habitat is poorly understood. Three common ammonite families (Baculitidae, Scaphitidae, and Sphenodiscidae) co-occur with well-preserved planktonic and benthic organisms at the type locality of the upper Maastrichtian Owl Creek Formation, offering an excellent opportunity to constrain their depth habitats through isotopic comparisons among taxa. Based on sedimentary evidence and the micro- and macrofauna at this site, we infer that the 9-m-thick sequence was deposited at a paleodepth of 70-150 m. Taxa present throughout the sequence include a diverse assemblage of ammonites, bivalves, and gastropods, abundant benthic foraminifera, and rare planktonic foraminifera. No stratigraphic trends are observed in the isotopic data of any taxon, and thus all of the data from each taxon are considered as replicates. Oxygen isotope-based temperature estimates from the baculites and scaphites overlap with those of the benthos and are distinct from those of the plankton. In contrast, sphenodiscid temperature estimates span a range that includes estimates of the planktonic foraminifera and of the warmer half of the benthic values. These results suggest baculites and scaphites lived close to the seafloor, whereas sphenodiscids sometimes inhabited the upper water column and/or lived closer to shore. In fact, the rarity and poorer preservation of the sphenodiscids relative to the baculites and scaphites suggests that the sphenodiscid shells may have only reached the Owl Creek locality by drifting seaward after death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Anne Sessa
- Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024;
| | - Ekaterina Larina
- Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY 11210; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90018
| | - Katja Knoll
- Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY 11210
| | - Matthew Garb
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY 11210
| | - J Kirk Cochran
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Brian T Huber
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20013
| | - Kenneth G MacLeod
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Neil H Landman
- Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024
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26
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Alves Martins MV, Zaaboub N, Aleya L, Frontalini F, Pereira E, Miranda P, Mane M, Rocha F, Laut L, El Bour M. Environmental Quality Assessment of Bizerte Lagoon (Tunisia) Using Living Foraminifera Assemblages and a Multiproxy Approach. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137250. [PMID: 26372655 PMCID: PMC4570719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the environmental quality of the Bizerte Lagoon (Tunisia) through an integrated approach that combined environmental, biogeochemical, and living benthic foraminiferal analyses. Specifically, we analyzed the physicochemical parameters of the water and sediment. The textural, mineralogical, and geochemical characteristics of the sediment, including total organic carbon, total nitrogen, simultaneously extracted metals (SEM), acid volatile sulfides (AVS), chlorophyll a, CaCO3, and changes in bacterial populations and carbon isotopes were measured. The SEM/AVS values indicated the presence of relatively high concentrations of toxic metals in only some areas. Foraminiferal assemblages were dominated by species such as A. parkinsoniana (20–91%), Bolivina striatula (<40%), Hopkinsina atlantica (<17%), and Bolivina ordinaria (<15%) that cannot be considered typical of impacted coastal lagoons both in Mediterranean and northeast Atlantic regions. The results of this work suggest that Bizerte Lagoon is a unique setting. This lagoon is populated by typical marine species that invaded this ecosystem, attracted not only by the prevailing favorable environmental conditions but also by the abundance and quality of food. The results indicate that the metal pollution found in some areas have a negative impact on the assemblages of foraminifera. At present, however, this negative impact is not highly alarming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Virgínia Alves Martins
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro—UERJ, Faculdade de Geologia, Av. São Francisco Xavier, 524, Maracanã. 20550–013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas–UEA, Av. Djalma Batista, 3578, Flores, CEP 69050–010, Manaus, Brasil
- Universidade de Aveiro, Dpto. Geociências, Campus de Santiago, 3810–193, Aveiro, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Noureddine Zaaboub
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer, 1934–2025 Salammbô, Tunisia
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Laboratoire de Chrono-Environnement, UMR CNRS 6249, Place Leclerc, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Fabrizio Frontalini
- Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Campus Scientifico Enrico Mattei, Località Crocicchia, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Egberto Pereira
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro—UERJ, Faculdade de Geologia, Av. São Francisco Xavier, 524, Maracanã. 20550–013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Paulo Miranda
- Universidade de Aveiro, Dpto. Geociências, Campus de Santiago, 3810–193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Miguel Mane
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro—UERJ, Faculdade de Geologia, Av. São Francisco Xavier, 524, Maracanã. 20550–013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Fernando Rocha
- Universidade de Aveiro, Dpto. Geociências, Campus de Santiago, 3810–193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Lazaro Laut
- Laboratório de Micropaleontologia–LabMicro, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro–UNIRIO, Av. Pasteur, 296—Urca—Cep 22290–240, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Monia El Bour
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer, 1934–2025 Salammbô, Tunisia
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Schintu M, Buosi C, Galgani F, Marrucci A, Marras B, Ibba A, Cherchi A. Interpretation of coastal sediment quality based on trace metal and PAH analysis, benthic foraminifera, and toxicity tests (Sardinia, Western Mediterranean). Mar Pollut Bull 2015; 94:72-83. [PMID: 25795553 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An integrated approach for the assessment of coastal sediment quality was utilised in three areas of Sardinia (Western Mediterranean, Italy). Sediments were analysed for trace metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), while benthic foraminifera were used as bioindicators. Furthermore, the embryo-toxicity test was used to provide ecologically relevant information using rapid and cost-effective screening tools. The aim was to evaluate the usefulness of coupling different analytical tools. The results revealed the presence of polluted sediments in areas exposed to petrochemical industries, smelters or military settlements. However, while foraminifera have presented similar indications for chemical analysis of contamination levels in the different areas, the toxicity test exhibited a poor relationship with the contaminants measured individually. The results raise questions concerning the bioavailability of contaminants released by sediments in the water column. Overall, the toxicity rate was significant in many samples in comparison with other sites studied in other Mediterranean regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Schintu
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via GT Porcell 4, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Carla Buosi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via Trentino 51, I-09127 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - François Galgani
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (Ifremer), ZI FURIANI, 20600 Bastia, France.
| | - Alessandro Marrucci
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via GT Porcell 4, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Barbara Marras
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via GT Porcell 4, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Angelo Ibba
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via Trentino 51, I-09127 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Antonietta Cherchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via Trentino 51, I-09127 Cagliari, Italy.
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28
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Capotondi L, Bergami C, Orsini G, Ravaioli M, Colantoni P, Galeotti S. Benthic foraminifera for environmental monitoring: a case study in the central Adriatic continental shelf. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:6034-6049. [PMID: 25382496 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3778-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A study of benthic foraminifera was carried out in sediment samples collected from the central Adriatic coast of Italy, near the Ancona harbour and the Falconara Marittima oil refinery, in order to validate and support their use as bioindicators of ecosystem quality. On the basis of a principal component analysis (PCA), three biotopes (following the bathymetric gradient) have been documented, showing that the distribution pattern of benthic foraminifera is principally related to riverine inputs, organic matter contents at the seafloor, and sediment grain size. We observed higher abundances of opportunistic, low-oxygen tolerant taxa along the coastline, thus being representative of polluted environmental conditions. Near the Falconara Marittima oil refinery, the microfaunal assemblages is characterized by the absence of living specimens and by a low diversity associated with the dominance of opportunistic species. At this site, aberrant tests were also found. The data point out that Ammonia parkinsoniana and Quinqueloculina seem to be the most sensitive taxa and can be considered as good bioindicators of environmental stress in this area. This study confirms that faunal composition and morphology of benthic foraminifera respond to human-induced environmental perturbations, making their study potentially useful for biomonitoring in coastal-marine areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Capotondi
- CNR-National Research Council of Italy, ISMAR-Institute of Marine Sciences in Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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29
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Martins MVA, Silva F, Laut LLM, Frontalini F, Clemente IMMM, Miranda P, Figueira R, Sousa SHM, Dias JMA. Response of benthic foraminifera to organic matter quantity and quality and bioavailable concentrations of metals in Aveiro Lagoon (Portugal). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118077. [PMID: 25706860 PMCID: PMC4338042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This work analyses the distribution of living benthic foraminiferal assemblages of surface sediments in different intertidal areas of Ria de Aveiro (Portugal), a polihaline and anthropized coastal lagoon. The relationships among foraminiferal assemblages in association with environmental parameters (temperature, salinity, Eh and pH), grain size, the quantity and quality of organic matter (enrichment in carbohydrates, proteins and lipids), pollution caused by metals, and mineralogical data are studied in an attempt to identify indicators of adaptability to environmental stress. In particular, concentrations of selected metals in the surficial sediment are investigated to assess environmental pollution levels that are further synthetically parameterised by the Pollution Load Index (PLI). The PLI variations allowed the identification of five main polluted areas. Concentrations of metals were also analysed in three extracted phases to evaluate their possible mobility, bioavailability and toxicity in the surficial sediment. Polluted sediment in the form of both organic matter and metals can be found in the most confined zones. Whereas enrichment in organic matter and related biopolymers causes an increase in foraminifera density, pollution by metals leads to a decline in foraminiferal abundance and diversity in those zones. The first situation may be justified by the existence of opportunistic species (with high reproduction rate) that can live in low oxic conditions. The second is explained by the sensitivity of some species to pressure caused by metals. The quality of the organic matter found in these places and the option of a different food source should also explain the tolerance of several species to pollution caused by metals, despite their low reproductive rate in the most polluted areas. In this study, species that are sensitive and tolerant to organic matter and metal enrichment are identified, as is the differential sensitivity/tolerance of some species to metals enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Virgínia Alves Martins
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Geologia, Departamento de Estratigrafia e Paleontologia. Av. São Francisco Xavier, 524, sala 4037F, Maracanã. 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Universidade de Aveiro, Dpto. Geociências, GeoBioTec, CESAM, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Frederico Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro—UFRJ, Laboratório de Palinofácies & Fácies Orgânicas—LAFO, Av. Athos da Silveira, 274 (prédio do CCMN), bloco G, Campus Ilha do Fundão, 21.949-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Lazaro L. M. Laut
- Laboratório de Micropaleontologia—LabMicro, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro—UNIRIO, Av. Pasteur, 436, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-240, RJ, Brasil
| | - Fabrizio Frontalini
- Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSTeVA), Urbino, Italy
| | - Iara M. M. M. Clemente
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Geologia, Departamento de Estratigrafia e Paleontologia. Av. São Francisco Xavier, 524, sala 4037F, Maracanã. 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Paulo Miranda
- Universidade de Aveiro, Dpto. Geociências, GeoBioTec, CESAM, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rubens Figueira
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, 3091-6502 São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Silvia H. M. Sousa
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, 3091-6502 São Paulo, Brasil
| | - João M. Alveirinho Dias
- CIMA, Centro de investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
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Li T, Li X, Zhong H, Yang C, Sun G, Luo W. Distribution of trace metals and the benthic foraminiferal assemblage as a characterization of the environment in the north Minjiang River Estuary (Fujian, China). Mar Pollut Bull 2015; 90:227-241. [PMID: 25467867 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A study of the total benthic foraminifera was carried out in 173 surficial sediment samples collected from the north Minjiang River Estuary and two bays. Foraminiferal assemblages are dominated by Ammonia tepida and subordinately by Elphidium advenum. Trace metal analyses reveal that the study area is unpolluted to moderately polluted with As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn. The metal distribution has an affinity with fine-grained sediment. Five metal groups are recognized based on their distribution patterns: (1) As, Cr, Cu, Ga, Ni, V, and Zn, (2) Hg, Pb, and Sb, (3) Ba and Zr, (4) Rb and Y, and (5) Sr. The species-environment relationship showed that the species composition is adversely influenced by Cr, Cu, Ga, Pb, Rb, Zn, and Zr, whereas sand may exert a positive influence on Quinqueloculina. This study supports the adaptability of using benthic foraminifera as bio-monitors of trace metal pollution in marginal marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510760, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuejie Li
- Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510760, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources, Ministry of Land and Resources, Guangzhou 510760, People's Republic of China
| | - Hexian Zhong
- Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510760, People's Republic of China
| | - Chupeng Yang
- Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510760, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources, Ministry of Land and Resources, Guangzhou 510760, People's Republic of China
| | - Guihua Sun
- Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510760, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources, Ministry of Land and Resources, Guangzhou 510760, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Luo
- Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510760, People's Republic of China
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McCulloch MT, Holcomb M, Rankenburg K, Trotter JA. Rapid, high-precision measurements of boron isotopic compositions in marine carbonates. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2014; 28:2704-2712. [PMID: 25380492 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The isotopic composition and elemental abundance of boron (B) in marine carbonates provide a powerful tool for tracking changes in seawater pH and carbonate chemistry. Progress in this field has, however, been hampered by the volatile nature of B, its persistent memory, and other uncertainties associated with conventional chemical extraction and mass spectrometric measurements. Here we show that for marine carbonates, these limitations can be overcome by using a simplified, low-blank, chemical extraction technique combined with robust multi-collector inductively couple plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS) methods. METHODS Samples are dissolved in dilute HNO3 and loaded first onto on a cation-exchange column with the major cations (Ca, Mg, Sr, Na) being quantitatively retained while the B fraction is carried in the eluent. The eluent is then passed directly through an anion column ensuring that any residual anions, such as SO4(2-), are removed. Isotopic measurements of (11)B/(10)B ratios are undertaken by matching both the B concentration and the isotopic compositions of the samples with the bracketing standard, thereby minimising corrections for cross-contamination. RESULTS The veracity of the MC-ICPMS procedure is demonstrated using a gravimetrically prepared laboratory standard, UWA24.7, relative to the international reference standard NIST SRM 951 (δ(11)B = 0‰). This gives values consistent with gravimetry (δ(11)B = 24.7 ± 0.3‰ 2sd) for solutions ranging in concentration from 50 to 500 ppb, equivalent to ~2-10 mg size coral samples. The overall integrity of the method for carbonate analysis is demonstrated by measurements of the international carbonate standard JCp-1 (δ(11)B = 24.3 ± 0.34‰ 2sd). CONCLUSIONS A streamlined, integrated approach is described here that enables rapid, accurate, high-precision measurements of boron isotopic compositions and elemental abundances in commonly analysed biogenic carbonates, such as corals, bivalves, and large benthic forams. The overall simplicity of this robust approach should greatly facilitate the wider application of boron isotope geochemistry, especially to marine carbonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm T McCulloch
- The University of Western Australia, School of Earth and Environment and ARC Centre of Excellence in Coral Reef Studies, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia; The University of Western Australia, School of Earth and Environment and Oceans Institute, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
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Sabbatini A, Bédouet L, Marie A, Bartolini A, Landemarre L, Weber MX, Gusti Ngurah Kade Mahardika I, Berland S, Zito F, Vénec-Peyré MT. Biomineralization of Schlumbergerella floresiana, a significant carbonate-producing benthic foraminifer. Geobiology 2014; 12:289-307. [PMID: 24690273 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Most foraminifera that produce a shell are efficient biomineralizers. We analyzed the calcitic shell of the large tropical benthic foraminifer Schlumbergerella floresiana. We found a suite of macromolecules containing many charged and polar amino acids and glycine that are also abundant in biomineralization proteins of other phyla. As neither genomic nor transcriptomic data are available for foraminiferal biomineralization yet, de novo-generated sequences, obtained from organic matrices submitted to ms blast database search, led to the characterization of 156 peptides. Very few homologous proteins were matched in the proteomic database, implying that the peptides are derived from unknown proteins present in the foraminiferal organic matrices. The amino acid distribution of these peptides was queried against the uniprot database and the mollusk uniprot database for comparison. The mollusks compose a well-studied phylum that yield a large variety of biomineralization proteins. These results showed that proteins extracted from S. floresiana shells contained sequences enriched with glycine, alanine, and proline, making a set of residues that provided a signature unique to foraminifera. Three of the de novo peptides exhibited sequence similarities to peptides found in proteins such as pre-collagen-P and a group of P-type ATPases including a calcium-transporting ATPase. Surprisingly, the peptide that was most similar to the collagen-like protein was a glycine-rich peptide reported from the test and spine proteome of sea urchin. The molecules, identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry analyses, included acid-soluble N-glycoproteins with its sugar moieties represented by high-mannose-type glycans and carbohydrates. Describing the nature of the proteins, and associated molecules in the skeletal structure of living foraminifera, can elucidate the biomineralization mechanisms of these major carbonate producers in marine ecosystems. As fossil foraminifera provide important paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic information, a better understanding of biomineralization in these organisms will have far-reaching impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sabbatini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (Di.S.V.A.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy; Centre de Recherche sur la Paléobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements, UMR 7207 CNRS MNHN UPMC, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris Cedex 05, France
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Toefy R, Gibbons MJ. Regional generalisations about the relationships between the environment and foraminifera along the SW Cape coast, South Africa. Mar Pollut Bull 2014; 80:330-337. [PMID: 24393379 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Factors influencing the composition of shallow water benthic foraminifera along the SW coast of South Africa at two locations (Table Bay, TB; St Helena Bay, SHB) ∼200km from each other were examined. Small taxa dominated in both locations; living assemblages from SHB (28 species, Ammonia parkinsoniana dominant) differed from TB (34 species, Elphidium articulatum dominant). Environmental parameters were similar in both areas. Patchiness in assemblage structure was pronounced, differences between pipeline and non-pipeline sites within locations were evident in environmental parameters. Diversity was significantly correlated with grain size, the nitrogen and heavy metal content (especially Cd). These data represent the first for extant benthic Foraminifera from the southern Benguela upwelling area and is the first attempt at using foraminifera as indicators of pollution in this region. The data stressed the need for more than one sampling location to better understand the factors influencing foraminiferal assemblages in any regional context.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Toefy
- University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa.
| | - M J Gibbons
- University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
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Vilela CG, Figueira BO, Macedo MC, Baptista Neto JA. Late Holocene evolution and increasing pollution in Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, SE Brazil. Mar Pollut Bull 2014; 79:175-187. [PMID: 24373667 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To detect changes during the Late Holocene and historical periods in Guanabara Bay, the paleoecological and ecological parameters from nine cores were analysed using foraminiferal assemblages and bioindicators. Using radiocarbon dates and sedimentation rates in the cores, it was possible to detect the first Europeans' arrival in the 16th century. Foraminiferal bioindicators of organic matter and human pollution were correlated with radiocarbon dates from the bottom and middle of the cores in each region and revealed an increase in pollution along the cores. The foraminiferal results were compared with total organic carbon (TOC) values before, during and after European settlement and showed a historical increase in organic matter. Pristine mangrove ecosystems are characterised by agglutinated species such as Ammotium salsum, and the presence of this organism also confirmed the extent of historical mangrove forests. Ammonia tepida, Buliminella elegantissima and Elphidium excavatum were the dominant species, but they presented distinct patterns over time. B. elegantissima was dominant before the European influence in older sediments with high organic matter content that were found at deeper intervals. A. tepida is dominant in younger sediments at upper intervals, as a bioindicator of human pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Gutterres Vilela
- Depto de Geologia, IGEO, CCMN/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 274, Cidade Universitária, 21941-916 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Brígida Orioli Figueira
- Depto de Geologia, IGEO, CCMN/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 274, Cidade Universitária, 21941-916 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Cardoso Macedo
- Depto de Geologia, IGEO, CCMN/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 274, Cidade Universitária, 21941-916 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - José Antonio Baptista Neto
- Instituto de Geociências, Lagemar/Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Litorânea s/n, Gragoatá, 24210-340 Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
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Chou J, Hao J, Kuroda S, Bishop D, Ben-Nissan B, Milthorpe B, Otsuka M. Bone regeneration of rat tibial defect by zinc-tricalcium phosphate (Zn-TCP) synthesized from porous Foraminifera carbonate macrospheres. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:5148-58. [PMID: 24351911 PMCID: PMC3877909 DOI: 10.3390/md11125148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Foraminifera carbonate exoskeleton was hydrothermally converted to biocompatible and biodegradable zinc-tricalcium phosphate (Zn-TCP) as an alternative biomimetic material for bone fracture repair. Zn-TCP samples implanted in a rat tibial defect model for eight weeks were compared with unfilled defect and beta-tricalcium phosphate showing accelerated bone regeneration compared with the control groups, with statistically significant bone mineral density and bone mineral content growth. CT images of the defect showed restoration of cancellous bone in Zn-TCP and only minimal growth in control group. Histological slices reveal bone in-growth within the pores and porous chamber of the material detailing good bone-material integration with the presence of blood vessels. These results exhibit the future potential of biomimetic Zn-TCP as bone grafts for bone fracture repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Chou
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shin-machi, Nishitokyo-Shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan; E-Mail:
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; E-Mails: (D.B.); (B.B.-N.); (B.M.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +81-424-688-679
| | - Jia Hao
- Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; E-Mails: (J.H.); (S.K.)
| | - Shinji Kuroda
- Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; E-Mails: (J.H.); (S.K.)
| | - David Bishop
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; E-Mails: (D.B.); (B.B.-N.); (B.M.)
| | - Besim Ben-Nissan
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; E-Mails: (D.B.); (B.B.-N.); (B.M.)
| | - Bruce Milthorpe
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; E-Mails: (D.B.); (B.B.-N.); (B.M.)
| | - Makoto Otsuka
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shin-machi, Nishitokyo-Shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan; E-Mail:
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Popadić A, Vidović J, Cosović V, Medaković D, Dolenec M, Felja I. Impact evaluation of the industrial activities in the Bay of Bakar (Adriatic Sea, Croatia): recent benthic foraminifera and heavy metals. Mar Pollut Bull 2013; 76:333-48. [PMID: 24125129 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The Bay of Bakar is one of the most heavily polluted bays at the Eastern Adriatic. Three major industrial companies potentially endanger the bay. The concentration of major, minor and trace elements in surface sediments from thirteen stations was discussed in relation to the sediment type and foraminiferal assemblages. The distribution of major elements in the bay is influenced by geological nature of surroundings. Heavy metal distribution depends on pollution sources and on amount of mud fraction: fine-grained sediments are enriched by them in comparison with coarse-grained ones. Different sediment quality criteria complicate the pollution assessment in the bay. Heavy metal concentrations generally fall into allowed depositional values for marine environments; only area in front of the coke plant and the City of Bakar harbor is heavily polluted. Stress-tolerant foraminiferal species dominate at stations with higher concentrations of heavy metals and coarse-grained sediments consist of larger number of epifaunal taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Popadić
- Center for Marine Research Rovinj, Ruder Bosković Institute, Giordano Paliaga 5, 52 210 Rovinj, Croatia
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Martins VA, Frontalini F, Tramonte KM, Figueira RCL, Miranda P, Sequeira C, Fernández-Fernández S, Dias JA, Yamashita C, Renó R, Laut LLM, Silva FS, Rodrigues MADC, Bernardes C, Nagai R, Sousa SHM, Mahiques M, Rubio B, Bernabeu A, Rey D, Rocha F. Assessment of the health quality of Ria de Aveiro (Portugal): heavy metals and benthic foraminifera. Mar Pollut Bull 2013; 70:18-33. [PMID: 23582314 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This work analyses the distribution of heavy metals in the sediments of Ria de Aveiro (Portugal) assessed by total digestion and sequential chemical extraction of the sediments. The influence of environmental parameters on the living benthic foraminiferal assemblages was studied. The most polluted parts in the Ria de Aveiro are areas where the residence time is high and cohesive sediments are deposited. Organic matter, which is an excellent scavenger for a number of metals, is in general more abundant in the finer deposits of this lagoon, which act as sinks of anthropogenic pollutants. This condition is observed in Aveiro canals and Murtosa channel where sediments with the highest concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cr are found. The sediments of Murtosa channel are also enriched in As, Co and Hg. In Aveiro canals the enrichment of heavy metals is mostly related to the past industrial production at their margins (ceramic and metallurgy), whereas in Murtosa channel with effluent discharges of the Chemical Complex of Estarreja. Foraminiferal density and diversity reach higher values near the lagoon mouth under higher marine influence and decline in general under very low-oxygen conditions. Some species seems to be indifferent to the increasing of TOC (e.g. Haynesina germanica and Ammonia tepida) and some have an opportunistic behaviour in areas with very depressed levels of oxygen (e.g. A. tepida and Quinqueloculina seminulum) whereas other species can better tolerate sulphide/reducing conditions (e.g. H. germanica, Bolivina ordinaria, Buliminella elegantissima, Bulimina elongata/gibba and Nonionella stella) a widespread condition in this lagoon. Foraminiferal density and some species are negatively correlated with concentrations of heavy metals. A most sensitive group of species to higher concentrations of heavy metals is identified (such as B. ordinaria, B. pseudoplicata and B. elongata/gibba) and another one of more tolerant species (such as H. germanica A. tepida and Q. seminulum). Foraminifera are more tolerate higher available concentrations (AC) of Zn in any phase than higher AC of Cu adsorbed do clay minerals (F1) and associated with Fe and Mn oxides (F2) and of Pb in F2; the phase F2, probably the most mobile phase, and even phase F1 seems to be more toxic than the increasing of metals in organic matter (F3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgínia A Martins
- GeoBioTec, Dpto. Geociências, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Chou J, Ito T, Bishop D, Otsuka M, Ben-Nissan B, Milthorpe B. Controlled release of simvastatin from biomimetic β-TCP drug delivery system. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54676. [PMID: 23349949 PMCID: PMC3548800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simvastatin have been shown to induce bone formation and there is currently a urgent need to develop an appropriate delivery system to sustain the release of the drug to increase therapeutic efficacy whilst reducing side effects. In this study, a novel drug delivery system for simvastatin by means of hydrothermally converting marine exoskeletons to biocompatible beta-tricalcium phosphate was investigated. Furthermore, the release of simvastatin was controlled by the addition of an outer apatite coating layer. The samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction analysis, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and mass spectroscopy confirming the conversion process. The in-vitro dissolution of key chemical compositional elements and the release of simvastatin were measured in simulated body fluid solution showing controlled release with reduction of approximately 25% compared with un-coated samples. This study shows the potential applications of marine structures as a drug delivery system for simvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Chou
- Advanced Tissue Regeneration and Drug Delivery Group, School of Medical and Molecular Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Wendler JE, Wendler I, Rose T, Huber BT. Using cathodoluminescence spectroscopy of cretaceous calcareous microfossils to distinguish biogenic from early-diagenetic calcite. Microsc Microanal 2012; 18:1313-1321. [PMID: 23164215 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927612001353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A comparative cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopic study of extraordinarily well-preserved versus diagenetically altered Turonian (∼92 Ma before present) calcitic and aragonitic microfossils was performed to document the cathodoluminescence characteristics of two common Cretaceous carbonate producers, foraminifera and calcareous dinoflagellates. Unaltered specimens reveal a conspicuous peak in the blue CL band at ≈ 400 nm that has rarely been previously reported for biogenic carbonates. We interpret this luminescence as an indicative feature of the primary bio-mineralized shells of calcareous dinoflagellates and foraminifera. Orange luminescence as the second important CL emission band (≈ 620 nm) in calcite generally increases with diagenetic cement overgrowth and recrystallization but can also be present in unaltered material. Thus, orange CL of biogenic calcite is not an unequivocal diagenetic indicator. Accordingly, spectroscopic investigation of both the ≈ 400 and ≈ 620 nm peaks represents a more objective criterion to evaluate the degree of diagenetic alteration. The ratio of relative intensities of the blue CL versus orange CL can provide a semiquantitative measure with relative intensity ratios blue:orange >2 occurring in the least diagenetically altered microfossils. Comparison of unaltered specimens of separate species reveals elemental differences that potentially indicate species-specific biomineralization or habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens E Wendler
- Department of Paleobiology, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 121, Washington, DC 20560, USA.
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Eichler PPB, Eichler BB, Gupta BS, Rodrigues AR. Foraminifera as indicators of marine pollutant contamination on the inner continental shelf of southern Brazil. Mar Pollut Bull 2012; 64:22-30. [PMID: 22118897 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Analyses of living foraminiferal and environmental parameters near an outfall at Mar Grosso Beach (Laguna, SC, Brazil) demonstrate its usefulness as indicators of domestic sewage pollution. The low species diversity may be due to sand accumulation in the central part. Higher diversity was noted closer to the mouth of Laguna estuarine system where reduced salinity and higher temperatures indicate freshwater influence, suggesting a relationship between increased diversity and greater availability of terrestrial food. On the basis of foraminiferal diversity and average coliform count the higher values are closer to the mouth of the estuarine system and under the influence of the outfall. Due to the effect of local hydrodynamics, the particulate organic waste derived from the outfall does not settle down locally, and thus, do not accumulate nearby. Our hypothesis is that the fine material derived from the outfall is accumulating on the southwestern and northwestern parts of the beach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia P B Eichler
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Geologia, Departamento de Geologia, Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, Caixa-Postal: 1596, 59072-970 Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Beatriz B Eichler
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Geologia, Departamento de Geologia, Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, Caixa-Postal: 1596, 59072-970 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Barun Sen Gupta
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States.
| | - André Rösch Rodrigues
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, Cidade Universitária, 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Frontalini F, Coccioni R, Bucci C. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages and trace element contents from the lagoons of Orbetello and Lesina. Environ Monit Assess 2010; 170:245-260. [PMID: 19911292 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-009-1229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The Italian marginal areas of Orbetello and Lesina lagoons have been investigated in order to assess the response of benthic foraminifera to the trace element contents in the sediments. The investigated lagoons are deeply affected by high values of trace elements. The lagoon of Orbetello shows the highest values of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Hg, whereas the lagoon of Lesina exhibits the highest values of As. On the basis of the trace element contents, both lagoons can be considered from moderately to strongly polluted. Biotic and abiotic factors have been investigated with multivariate technique of statistical analysis. On the basis of the trace element content, the cluster analysis reveals the occurrence of three main clusters. These natural groupings are also confirmed by the principal component analysis. The comparison of trace element concentration patterns with the Foraminiferal Abnormality Index shows a possible influence of these pollutants on the benthic foraminiferal assemblages. Generally, the highest concentrations of trace elements in the investigated areas are remarkably mirrored by the highest percentages of deformed specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Frontalini
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Uomo, dell'Ambiente e della Natura, Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, Campus Scientifico, Località Crocicchia, 61029, Urbino, Italy.
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Rumolo P, Manta DS, Sprovieri M, Coccioni R, Ferraro L, Marsella E. Heavy metals in benthic foraminifera from the highly polluted sediments of the Naples harbour (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy). Sci Total Environ 2009; 407:5795-5802. [PMID: 19647291 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Revised: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 06/30/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A systematic investigation evaluated the concentrations of a selected number of trace elements (Cd, Co, Cu, Li, Ni, Pb, V and Zn) in carbonates of the benthic foraminifera Ammonia tepida collected from surface sediments of the highly polluted harbour of Naples. Application of cleaning procedures, combined with Scanning Electron Microscopy investigation (SEM) of the analysed shells allowed reliable quantification of the elements in the carbonate lattice. Adoption of biogenic carbonate/seawater distribution coefficients reported in the literature provided the ranges of variability of total dissolved trace elements in the studied marine environment. Very high concentrations of Zn, Cd, and Cu calculated in seawater (from 100 to 10,000 times higher than those reported for uncontaminated Mediterranean seawaters) testify to intense effects of anthropogenic impact on the harbour mainly related to the industrial and commercial activities carried out in the neighbouring area. The ensemble of the obtained results emphasizes the high potential of measurements of trace elements in the biogenic carbonates of benthic foraminifera as tracers of anthopogenic pollution of seawater and reliable proxies of potentially bioavailable forms (as free ions and/or more labile organic complexes) of seawater dissolved metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rumolo
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (CNR) - Calata Porta di Massa 80133 Naples, Italy.
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