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Sun M, Shang X, Liu X, Lu Z, Di J. Synthesis and performance of a nanosensing platform for homocysteine detection: A series of iridium(III) complexes containing aldehyde group as probe and MOF as supporting substrate. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 315:124257. [PMID: 38615414 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The low cost and simple detection method for Hcy (homocysteine) is highly desired in analytical and biological fields since Hcy has been regarded as a bio-marker for multiple diseases. In this work, five Ir(C^N)2(N^N)+ compounds having -CHO group in their C^N or N^N ligand were synthesized and tried for Hcy sensing. Electron-donating groups such as -NH2 and -CH3 were incorporated into the C^N or N^N ligand. Their geometric structure, electronic structure, and optical parameters (with or without Hcy) were analyzed and compared carefully to explore their Hcy sensing potential. The sensing mechanism was revealed by NMR titration and theoretical simulation as a cyclization reaction between the -CHO group and Hcy. The optimal compounds, which showed increased emission quantum yield (2.5-fold) and emission blue-shift (by ∼ 100 nm) upon Hcy, were then covalently grafted into a porous host bio-MOF-1. Linear working plots were fitted, with good selectivity, LOD of 0.15 μM, and response time of 33 s. The novelty of this work was the eye-sensitive emission color change of this nanosensing platform from red (without Hcy) to green (with Hcy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Sun
- Jilin Engineering Normal University, College of Biological and Food Engineering, No.3050 Kaixuan Road, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130052, PR China.
| | - Xiaomin Shang
- Jilin Engineering Normal University, College of Biological and Food Engineering, No.3050 Kaixuan Road, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130052, PR China.
| | - Xiaoqiu Liu
- Jilin Engineering Normal University, College of Biological and Food Engineering, No.3050 Kaixuan Road, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130052, PR China.
| | - Zuoyu Lu
- Jilin Engineering Normal University, College of Biological and Food Engineering, No.3050 Kaixuan Road, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130052, PR China
| | - Jun Di
- Jilin Engineering Normal University, College of Biological and Food Engineering, No.3050 Kaixuan Road, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130052, PR China
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2
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Gao Y, Zhang W, Song B, Meng X, Yuan J. A novel iridium(III) complex-based ratiometric luminescence probe for monitoring hydrogen sulfide in living cells and zebrafish. Talanta 2024; 274:125982. [PMID: 38554483 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide exhibits crucial functions in many biological and physiological processes. The abnormal levels of H2S have been revealed to be associated with numerous human diseases. The majority of existing fluorescent probes toward H2S may still need to be improved in terms of single output signal, water solubility, biotoxicity and photostability. The construction of a ratiometric fluorescent probe based on metal complex is one effective strategy for avoiding the mentioned problems for precisely detecting H2S. Herein, we report an iridium(III) complex-based ratiometric luminescence probe (Ir-PNBD), which is designed by coupling the 7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazoles (NBD) to one of the bipyridine ligands of Ir (III) complex luminophore through a piperazition moiety. Ir-PNBD owns high selectivity and sensitivity toward H2S, and an excellent ability to target mitochondria. Moreover, Ir-PNBD was further successfully utilized to visualize exogenous and endogenous H2S in HeLa cells and zebrafish. Our work offers new opportunities to gain deeper insights into the construction of transition metal complex-based ratiometric luminescent probes and expands their applications in biomedical imaging and disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yetong Gao
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Wenzhu Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Bo Song
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiangyu Meng
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jingli Yuan
- College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe West Road, Jinzhou New District, Dalian, 116600, China.
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3
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Jin W, Xie X, Shen S, Zhou X, Wang S, Zhang L, Su X. Ultrasmall polyvinylpyrrolidone-modified iridium nanoparticles with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity for acute pancreatitis alleviation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:988-1003. [PMID: 38318924 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common and serious acute inflammatory disease with high severity rate and mortality. Inflammation and oxidative stress play an extremely important role in the development of AP disease. Polyvinylpyrrolidone-modified iridium nanoparticles (IrNP-PVP) have multienzyme mimetic activity, and the aim of this article is to discuss the therapeutic alleviative effects of the ultrasmall nanozymes IrNP-PVP on AP through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. IrNP-PVP were proved to inhibit inflammation and scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the cellular level. The synthetic IrNP-PVP exhibit remarkable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in the prevention and treatment of AP mice by establishing murine AP model, which can reduce the oxidative stress and inflammatory response. The results of this article indicated that the ultrasmall nanozymes IrNP-PVP effectively alleviate AP via scavenging ROS as well as suppressing inflammation both in vivo and in vitro, which might provide enormous promise for the AP management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhang Jin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueting Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqi Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjian Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunfu Wang
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijiang Zhang
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Su
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
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4
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Tian S, Nie Q, Chen H, Liang L, Hu H, Tang S, Yang J, Liu Y, Yin H. Synthesis, characterization and irradiation enhances anticancer activity of liposome-loaded iridium(III) complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 256:112549. [PMID: 38579631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we synthesized and characterized two novel iridium (III) complexes: [Ir(bzq)2(PPD)](PF6) (4a, with bzq = deprotonated benzo[h]quinoline and PPD = pteridino[6,7-f][1,10]phenanthroline-11,13-diamine) and [Ir(piq)2(PPD)](PF6) (4b, with piq = deprotonated 1-phenylisoquinoline). The anticancer efficacy of these complexes, 4a and 4b, was investigated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole)-2,5-diphenltetraazolium bromide (MTT). Complex 4a exhibited no cytotoxic activity, while 4b demonstrated moderate efficacy against SGC-7901, A549, and HepG2 cancer cells. To enhance their anticancer potential, we explored two strategies: (I) light irradiation and (II) encapsulation of the complexes in liposomes, resulting in the formation of 4alip and 4blip. Both strategies significantly increased the ability of 4a, 4b to kill cancer cells. The cellular studies indicated that both the free complexes 4a, 4b and their liposomal forms 4alip and 4blip effectively inhibited cell proliferation. The cell cycle arrest analysis uncovered 4alip and 4blip arresting cell growth in the S period. Additionally, we investigated apoptosis and ferroptosis pathways, observing an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, a reduction of glutathione (GSH), a down-regulation of GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase) expression, and lipid peroxidation. The effects on mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular Ca2+ concentrations were also examined, revealing that both light-activated and liposomal forms of 4alip and 4blip caused a decline in mitochondrial membrane potential and an enhancement in intracellular Ca2+ levels. In conclusion, these complexes and them encapsulated liposomes induce cell death through apoptosis and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qianying Nie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haomin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lijuan Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huiyan Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuanghui Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiawan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yunjun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Hui Yin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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5
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Gul A, Ahmad M, Ullah R, Ullah R, Kang Y, Liao W. Systematic review on antibacterial photodynamic therapeutic effects of transition metals ruthenium and iridium complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 255:112523. [PMID: 38489864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria poses a significant threat to public health and ranks among the principal causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy is an emerging therapeutic technique that has excellent potential to embark upon antibiotic resistance problems. The efficacy of this therapy hinges on the careful selection of suitable photosensitizers (PSs). Transition metal complexes, such as Ruthenium (Ru) and Iridium (Ir), are highly suitable for use as PSs because of their surface plasmonic resonance, crystal structure, optical characteristics, and photonics. These metals belong to the platinum family and exhibit similar chemical behavior due to their partially filled d-shells. Ruthenium and Iridium-based complexes generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which interact with proteins and DNA to induce cell death. As photodynamic therapeutic agents, these complexes have been widely studied for their efficacy against cancer cells, but their potential for antibacterial activity remains largely unexplored. Our study focuses on exploring the antibacterial photodynamic effect of Ruthenium and Iridium-based complexes against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of various types of research in this area, including the structures, synthesis methods, and antibacterial photodynamic applications of these complexes. Our findings will provide valuable insights into the design, development, and modification of PSs to enhance their photodynamic therapeutic effect on bacteria, along with a clear understanding of their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anadil Gul
- College of Applied Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China; College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Pingshan District, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Munir Ahmad
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Raza Ullah
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Rizwan Ullah
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yan Kang
- College of Applied Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China; College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Pingshan District, Shenzhen 518118, China.
| | - Wenchao Liao
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Pingshan District, Shenzhen 518118, China.
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6
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Sheng X, Wang MM, Zhang GD, Su Y, Fang HB, Yu ZH, Su Z. Dual inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis to enhance cancer therapy. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107325. [PMID: 38583247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Dual suppression of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis can disrupt metabolic adaption of cancer cells, inhibiting energy supply and leading to successful cancer therapy. Herein, we have developed an α-tocopheryl succinate (α-TOS)-functionalized iridium(III) complex Ir2, a highly lipophilic mitochondria targeting anticancer molecule, could inhibit both oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis, resulting in the energy blockage and cancer growth suppression. Mechanistic studies reveal that complex Ir2 induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation and mitochondrial depolarization, and triggers DNA oxidative damage. These damages could evoke the cancer cell death with the mitochondrial-relevant apoptosis and autophagy. 3D tumor spheroids experiment demonstrates that Ir2 owned superior antiproliferation performance, as the potent anticancer agent in vivo. This study not only provided a new path for dual inhibition of both mitochondrial OXPHOS and glycolytic metabolisms with a novel α-TOS-functionalized metallodrug, but also further demonstrated that the mitochondrial-relevant therapy could be effective in enhancing the anticancer performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Sheng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Meng-Meng Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guan-Dong Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Hong-Bao Fang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Zhi Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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7
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Xie K, Lu XY, Zhu H, Zhu LY, Li RT, Ye RR. Iridium(III) complexes conjugated with naproxen exhibit potent anti-tumor activities by inducing mitochondrial damage, modulating inflammation, and enhancing immunity. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:8772-8780. [PMID: 38712840 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00575a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
A series of Ir(III)-naproxen (NPX) conjugates with the molecular formula [Ir(C^N)2bpy(4-CH2ONPX-4'-CH2ONPX)](PF6) (Ir-NPX-1-3) were designed and synthesized, including C^N = 2-phenylpyridine (ppy, Ir-NPX-1), 2-(2-thienyl)pyridine (thpy, Ir-NPX-2) and 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine (dfppy, Ir-NPX-3). Cytotoxicity tests showed that Ir-NPX-1-3 exhibited excellent antitumor activity, especially in A549R cells. The cellular uptake experiment showed that the complexes were mainly localized in mitochondria, and induced apoptosis in A549R cells by damaging the structure and function of mitochondria. The main manifestations are a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, Ir-NPX-1-3 could inhibit the migration and colony formation of cancer cells, demonstrating potential anti-metastatic ability. Finally, the anti-inflammatory and immunological applications of Ir-NPX-1-3 were verified. The downregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression levels and the release of immunogenic cell death (ICD) related signaling molecules such as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) (cell surface calreticulin (CRT), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)) indicate that these Ir(III) -NPX conjugates are novel ICD inducers with synergistic effects in multiple anti-tumor pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xie
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Xing-Yun Lu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Hou Zhu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Lin-Yuan Zhu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Rong-Tao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Rui-Rong Ye
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
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Shen S, Nong S, Zhang X, Song J, Meng C, Liu X, Shao L, Li G, Xu L. An ALP-responsive, anionic iridium complex for specific recognition of osteosarcoma cells. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:8633-8641. [PMID: 38695060 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00568f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Poor cellular permeability greatly hampers the utilization of anionic Ir(III) complexes, though efficiently emissive and remarkably stable, in cell-based diagnosis. To overcome this barrier, we present the development of an alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-responsive, anionic, and aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active Ir(III) complex (Ir1) for specific recognition of osteosarcoma cells. Containing phosphate moieties, Ir1 exhibits a net -1 charge, enabling charge repulsion from the cell membrane and resulting in low cellular uptake and good biocompatibility in normal osteoblast cells. Upon ALP-mediated hydrolysis of phosphate groups, the resulting dephosphorylated product, Ir2, demonstrates a positive charge and increased lipophilicity, promoting cellular uptake and activating its AIE properties for specific recognition of osteosarcoma cells that express elevated levels of ALP. This study elucidates the role of ALP as an ideal trigger for enhancing the cellular permeability of phosphate ester-containing Ir(III) complexes, thus expanding the potential of anionic Ir(III) complexes for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, 528458, P.R. China.
| | - Shuli Nong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, 528458, P.R. China.
| | - Xianpeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, 528458, P.R. China.
| | - Jiaqi Song
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Centre, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, P.R. China.
| | - Caiting Meng
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Centre, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, P.R. China.
| | - Xinling Liu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Centre, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, P.R. China.
| | - Liang Shao
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Centre, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, P.R. China.
| | - Guanying Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Centre, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, P.R. China.
| | - Li Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, 528458, P.R. China.
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Tang D, Ma Y, Bao J, Gao S, Man S, Cui C. Chemoenzymatic total synthesis of rotigotine via IRED-catalyzed reductive amination. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3843-3847. [PMID: 38618942 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00072b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
A short and chemoenzymatic synthesis of rotigotine using an IR-36-M5 mutant is reported. Focusing on the residues that directly contact the 2-tetralone moiety, we applied structure-guided semi-rational design to obtain a double-mutant F260W/M147Y, which showed a good isolated yield and S-stereoselectivity >99% toward 2-aminotetralin synthesis. Furthermore, the utility of this biocatalytic protocol was successfully demonstrated in the enantioselective synthesis of rotigotine via enzymatic reductive amination as the key step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Tang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
| | - Yaqing Ma
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
| | - Jinping Bao
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
| | - Shushan Gao
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Shuli Man
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Chengsen Cui
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
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Dai C, Mao Z, Xu Y, Jia J, Tang H, Zhao Y, Zhou Y. Bis-tridentate Iridium(III) Complex with the N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand as a Novel Efficient Electrochemiluminescence Emitter for the Sandwich Immunoassay of the HHV-6A Virus. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7311-7320. [PMID: 38656817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Human herpesvirus type 6A (HHV-6A) can cause a series of immune and neurological diseases, and the establishment of a sensitive biosensor for the rapid detection of HHV-6A is of great significance for public health and safety. Herein, a bis-tridentate iridium complex (BisLT-Ir-NHC) comprising the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand as a novel kind of efficient ECL luminophore has been unprecedently reported. Based on its excellent ECL properties, a new sensitive ECL-based sandwich immunosensor to detect the HHV-6A virus was successfully constructed by encapsulating BisLT-Ir-NHC into silica nanoparticles and embellishing ECL sensing interface with MXene@Au-CS. Notably, the immunosensor illustrated in this work not only had a wide linear range of 102 to 107 cps/μL but also showed outstanding recoveries (98.33-105.11%) in real human serum with an RSD of 0.85-3.56%. Undoubtedly, these results demonstrated the significant potential of the bis-tridentate iridium(III) complex containing an NHC ligand in developing ECL-based sensitive analytical methods for virus detection and exploring novel kinds of efficient iridium-based ECL luminophores in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenji Dai
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Ziwang Mao
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Yaoyao Xu
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Junli Jia
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Huamin Tang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yibo Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Yuyang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
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11
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Ruan Z, Yang J, Li Y, Zhang KY. Dual-Emissive Iridium(III) Complexes and Their Applications in Biological Sensing and Imaging. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400094. [PMID: 38488304 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes are widely recognized for their unique properties in the excited triplet state, making them crucial for various applications including biological sensing and imaging. Most of these complexes display single phosphorescence emission from the lowest-lying triplet state after undergoing highly efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) and ultrafast internal conversion (IC) processes. However, in cases where these excited-state processes are restricted, the less common phenomenon of dual emission has been observed. This dual emission phenomenon presents an opportunity for developing biological probes and imaging agents with multiple emission bands of different wavelengths. Compared to intensity-based biosensing, where the existence and concentration of an analyte are indicated by the brightness of the probe, the emission profile response involves modifications in emission color. This enables quantification by utilizing the intensity ratio of different wavelengths, which is self-calibrating and unaffected by the probe concentration and excitation laser power. Moreover, dual-emissive probes have the potential to demonstrate distinct responses to multiple analytes at separate wavelengths, providing orthogonal detection capabilities. In this concept, we focus on iridium(III) complexes displaying fluorescence-phosphorescence or phosphorescence-phosphorescence dual emission, along with their applications as biological probes for sensing and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yonghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Kenneth Yin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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12
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Liu C, Li P, Yan X, Yang L, Liu P, Wang Q. Design of a dual Ir-Eu tag for fluorescent visualization and ICP-MS quantification of SIRPα and its host cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:2691-2697. [PMID: 38133669 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
With the expansion of ICP-MS application into the field of bioanalysis, there is an urgent need for novel element tags today. Here, we report the design of a dual-element Ir-Eu tag, opening the door to simultaneous fluorescent imaging and ICP-MS quantification. The ratio of 153Eu/193Ir may serve as a precision control of the labeling process, allowing internal validation of the quantitative results obtained. As for SIRPα and its host cell analysis exemplified here, the Ir-Eu tag demonstrated superior figures of ICP-MS quantification with the LOD (3σ) down to 0.5 (153Eu) and 1.1 (193Ir) pM SIRPα and 220 (153Eu) and 830 (193Ir) RAW264.7 cells more than 130 times more sensitive compared with the LOD (3σ) of 65.2 pM SIRPα at 612 nm using fluorometry. Not limited to these demonstrations, we believe that the design ideas of the dual Ir-Eu tags should be applicable to various cases of bioanalysis when dual optical profiling and ICP-MS quantification are indispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlan Liu
- Department of Chemistry & the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000, China
| | - Pengtao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery & Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Translational Medical of Digestive System Tumor, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Xiaowen Yan
- Department of Chemistry & the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Limin Yang
- Department of Chemistry & the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Pingguo Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery & Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Translational Medical of Digestive System Tumor, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China.
| | - Qiuquan Wang
- Department of Chemistry & the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
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13
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Sansee A, Kostka L, Marcalíková A, Kudláčová J, Sedlák F, Kotrchová L, Šácha P, Etrych T, Kielar F. Iridium-based Polymeric Multifunctional Imaging Tools for Biochemistry. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300647. [PMID: 38217401 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the development of a macromolecular multifunctional imaging tool for biological investigations, which is comprised of an N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide backbone, iridium-based luminescent probe, glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) targeting ligand, and biotin affinity tag. The iridium luminophore is a tris-cyclometalated complex based on [Ir(ppy)3] with one of its 2-phenylpyridine ligands functionalized to allow conjugation. Synthesized macromolecular probes differed in the structure of the polymer and content of the iridium complex. The applicability of the developed imaging tools has been tested in flow cytometry (FACS) based assay, laser confocal microscopy, and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). The FACS analysis has shown that the targeted iBodies containing the iridium luminophore exhibit selective labelling of GCPII expressing cells. This observation was also confirmed in the imaging experiments with laser confocal microscopy. The FLIM experiment has shown that the iBodies with the iridium label exhibit a lifetime greater than 100 ns, which distinguishes them from typically used systems labelled with organic fluorophores exhibiting short fluorescence lifetimes. The results of this investigation indicate that the system exhibits interesting properties, which supports the development of additional biological tools utilizing the key components (iridium complexes, iBody concept), primarily focusing on the longer lifetime of the iridium emitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuson Sansee
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Libor Kostka
- Department of Biomedicinal Polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám 2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adéla Marcalíková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám 542/2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Júlia Kudláčová
- Department of Biomedicinal Polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám 2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Sedlák
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám 542/2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kotrchová
- Department of Biomedicinal Polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám 2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Šácha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám 542/2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Department of Biomedicinal Polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám 2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Kielar
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
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14
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Wen Y, Wu X, Wu W, Feng T, Pan Y, He Y, Ji L, Chao H. A Mitochondria-Targeted Nitric Oxide Probe for Multimodality Imaging of Macrophage Immune Responses. Anal Chem 2024; 96:6666-6673. [PMID: 38623755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a crucial signal molecule closely linked to the biological immune response, especially in macrophage polarization. When activated, macrophages enter a pro-inflammatory state and produce NO, a marker for the M1 phenotype. In contrast, the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype does not produce NO. We developed a mitochondria-targeted two-photon iridium-based complex (Ir-ImNO) probe that can detect endogenous NO and monitor macrophages' different immune response states using various imaging techniques, such as one- and two-photon phosphorescence imaging and phosphorescence lifetime imaging. Ir-ImNO was used to monitor the immune activation of macrophages in mice. This technology aims to provide a clear and comprehensive visualization of macrophage immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xianbo Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Weijun Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Tao Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yihang Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yulong He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 400201, P. R. China
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15
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Aderinto SO, John T, Onawole A, Galleh RP, Thomas JA. Iridium(III)-based minor groove binding complexes as DNA photocleavage agents. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:7282-7291. [PMID: 38466178 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00171k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal complexes containing the qtpy ligand (2':4,4'':4',4'''-quaterpyridyl) are known to be DNA intercalators or minor groove binders. In this study, new tricationic iridium(III) complexes of qtpy are reported. Both [Ir(bpy)2(qtpy)]3+1 and [Ir(phen)2(qtpy)]3+2 display good water solubility as chloride salts. The complexes possess high-energy excited states, which are quenched in the presence of duplex DNA and even by the mononucleotides guanosine monophosphate and adenosine monophosphate. Further studies reveal that although the complexes bind to quadruplex DNA, they display a preference for duplex structures, which are bound with an order of magnitude higher affinities than their isostructural dicationic RuII-analogues. Detailed molecular dynamics simulations confirm that the complexes are groove binders through the insertion of, predominantly, the qtpy ligand into the minor groove. Photoirradiation of 1 in the presence of plasmid DNA confirms that this class of complexes can function as synthetic photonucleases by cleaving DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen O Aderinto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
| | - Torsten John
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Abdulmujeeb Onawole
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Jim A Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
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16
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Wang W, Wang L, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Zhang R, Chen L, Shi Z, Yuan S, Li X, He C, Li X. Chiral Iridium-Based TLD-1433 Analogues: Exploration of Enantiomer-Dependent Behavior in Photodynamic Cancer Therapy. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7792-7798. [PMID: 38619892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Metallodrug-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) agents have demonstrated significant superiority against cancers, while their different chirality-induced biological activities remain largely unexplored. In this work, we successfully developed a pair of enantiopure mononuclear Ir(III)-based TLD-1433 analogues, Δ-Ir-3T and Λ-Ir-3T, and their enantiomer-dependent anticancer behaviors were investigated. Photophysical measurements revealed that they display high photostability and chemical stability, strong absorption at 400 nm with high molar extinction coefficients (ε = 5.03 × 104 M-1 cm-1), and good 1O2 relative quantum yields (ΦΔ ≈ 47%). Δ- and Λ-Ir-3T showed potent efficacy against MCF-7 cancer cells, with a photocytotoxicity index of ≤44 238. This impressive result, to the best of our knowledge, represents the highest value among reported mononuclear Ir(III)-based PDT agents. Remarkably, Λ-Ir-3T tended to be more potent than Δ-Ir-3T when tested against SK-MEL-28, HepG2, and LO2 cells, with consistent results across multiple test repetitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wang
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yangming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yusheng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Liyong Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Translational Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Zhuolin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Central Laboratory, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, No. 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang 110042, China
| | - Xiaoxi Li
- Central Laboratory, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, No. 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang 110042, China
| | - Cheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xuezhao Li
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Translational Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
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17
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Ramos R, Karaiskou A, Botuha C, Amhaz S, Trichet M, Dingli F, Forté J, Lam F, Canette A, Chaumeton C, Salome M, Chenuel T, Bergonzi C, Meyer P, Bohic S, Loew D, Salmain M, Sobczak-Thépot J. Identification of Cellular Protein Targets of a Half-Sandwich Iridium(III) Complex Reveals Its Dual Mechanism of Action via Both Electrophilic and Oxidative Stresses. J Med Chem 2024; 67:6189-6206. [PMID: 38577779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Identification of intracellular targets of anticancer drug candidates provides key information on their mechanism of action. Exploiting the ability of the anticancer (C∧N)-chelated half-sandwich iridium(III) complexes to covalently bind proteins, click chemistry with a bioorthogonal azido probe was used to localize a phenyloxazoline-chelated iridium complex within cells and profile its interactome at the proteome-wide scale. Proteins involved in protein folding and actin cytoskeleton regulation were identified as high-affinity targets. Upon iridium complex treatment, the folding activity of Heat Shock Protein HSP90 was inhibited in vitro and major cytoskeleton disorganization was observed. A wide array of imaging and biochemical methods validated selected targets and provided a multiscale overview of the effects of this complex on live human cells. We demonstrate that it behaves as a dual agent, inducing both electrophilic and oxidative stresses in cells that account for its cytotoxicity. The proposed methodological workflow can open innovative avenues in metallodrug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Ramos
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Anthi Karaiskou
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Candice Botuha
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Sadek Amhaz
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Michaël Trichet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Service d'imagerie cellulaire, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Florent Dingli
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CurieCoreTech Mass Spectrometry Proteomics, F-75248 Paris, France
| | - Jérémy Forté
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - France Lam
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Service d'imagerie cellulaire, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Alexis Canette
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Service d'imagerie cellulaire, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Chloé Chaumeton
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Service d'imagerie cellulaire, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Murielle Salome
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron Research Facility, F-38043 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Thomas Chenuel
- Sorbonne Université, PSL, CNRS, UMR8226, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Céline Bergonzi
- Sorbonne Université, PSL, CNRS, UMR8226, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Meyer
- Sorbonne Université, PSL, CNRS, UMR8226, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Bohic
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, UA7 STROBE, Synchrotron Radiation for Biomedicine, F-38400 Saint Martin d'Hères, France
| | - Damarys Loew
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CurieCoreTech Mass Spectrometry Proteomics, F-75248 Paris, France
| | - Michèle Salmain
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Sobczak-Thépot
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France
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18
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Deng D, Wang M, Su Y, Fang H, Chen Y, Su Z. Iridium(III)-Based PD-L1 Agonist Regulates p62 and ATF3 for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy. J Med Chem 2024; 67:6810-6821. [PMID: 38613772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy, a new lung cancer treatment, is limited to a few patients due to low PD-L1 expression and tumor immunosuppression. To address these challenges, the upregulation of PD-L1 has the potential to elevate the response rate and efficiency of anti-PD-L1 and alleviate the immunosuppression of the tumor microenvironment. Herein, we developed a novel usnic acid-derived Iridium(III) complex, Ir-UA, that boosts PD-L1 expression and converts "cold tumors" to "hot". Subsequently, we administered Ir-UA combined with anti-PD-L1 in mice, which effectively inhibited tumor growth and promoted CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration. To our knowledge, Ir-UA is the first iridium-based complex to stimulate the expression of PD-L1 by explicitly regulating its transcription factors, which not only provides a promising platform for immune checkpoint blockade but, more importantly, provides an effective treatment strategy for patients with low PD-L1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongping Deng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Hongbao Fang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuncong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhi Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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19
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Liu J, Yang X, Wu S, Gong P, Pan F, Zhang P, Lee CS, Liu C, Wong KMC. Iridium(III) complexes decorated with silicane-modified rhodamine: near-infrared light-initiated photosensitizers for efficient deep-tissue penetration photodynamic therapy. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:3710-3718. [PMID: 38529668 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00075g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Meeting the demand for efficient photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy (PDT), a series of iridium(III) complexes decorated with silicane-modified rhodamine (Si-rhodamine) was meticulously designed and synthesized. These complexes demonstrate exceptional PDT potential owing to their strong absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum, particularly responsive to 808 nm laser stimulation. This feature is pivotal, enabling deep-penetration laser excitation and overcoming depth-related challenges in clinical PDT applications. The molecular structures of these complexes allow for reliable tuning of singlet oxygen generation with NIR excitation, through modification of the cyclometalating ligand. Notably, one of the complexes (4) exhibits a remarkable ROS quantum yield of 0.69. In vivo results underscore the efficacy of 4, showcasing significant tumor regression at depths of up to 8.4 mm. This study introduces a promising paradigm for designing photosensitizers capable of harnessing NIR light effectively for deep PDT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqiang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd., Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Siye Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd., Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Ping Gong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Fan Pan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Chi-Sing Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chuangjun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University, 463000 Zhumadian, China
| | - Keith Man-Chung Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd., Shenzhen 518055, China.
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20
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Kasparkova J, Novohradsky V, Ruiz J, Brabec V. Photoactivatable, mitochondria targeting dppz iridium(III) complex selectively interacts and damages mitochondrial DNA in cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 392:110921. [PMID: 38382705 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Cyclometalated Ir(III) complex [Ir(L)2(dppz)]PF6 (where L = 1-methyl-2-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole and dppz = dipyrido [3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine) (Ir1) is potent anticancer agent whose potency can be significantly increased by irradiation with blue light. Structural features of the cyclometalated Ir(III) complex Ir1 investigated in this work, particularly the presence of dppz ligand possessing an extended planar area, suggest that this complex could interact with DNA. Here, we have shown that Ir1 accumulates predominantly in mitochondria of cancer cells where effectively and selectively binds mitochondrial (mt)DNA. Additionally, the results demonstrated that Ir1 effectively suppresses transcription of mitochondria-encoded genes, especially after irradiation, which may further affect mitochondrial (and thus also cellular) functions. The observation that Ir1 binds selectively to mtDNA implies that the mechanism of its biological activity in cancer cells may also be connected with its interaction and damage to mtDNA. Further investigations revealed that Ir1 tightly binds DNA in a cell-free environment, with sequence preference for GC over AT base pairs. Although the dppz ligand itself or as a ligand in structurally similar DNA-intercalating Ru polypyridine complexes based on dppz ligand intercalates into DNA, the DNA binding mode of Ir1 comprises surprisingly a groove binding rather than an intercalation. Also interestingly, after irradiation with visible (blue) light, Ir1 was capable of cleaving DNA, likely due to the production of superoxide anion radical. The results of this study show that mtDNA damage by Ir1 plays a significant role in its mechanism of antitumor efficacy. In addition, the results of this work are consistent with the hypothesis and support the view that targeting the mitochondrial genome is an effective strategy for anticancer (photo)therapy and that the class of photoactivatable dipyridophenazine Ir(III) compounds may represent prospective substances suitable for further testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kasparkova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Novohradsky
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, CZ-61200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - José Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Murcia, And Murcia BioHealth Research Institute (IMIB-Arrixaca), E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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21
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Ludwig G, Ranđelović I, Dimić D, Komazec T, Maksimović-Ivanić D, Mijatović S, Rüffer T, Kaluđerović GN. (Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)chloridoiridium(III) Complex Bearing Bidentate Ph 2PCH 2CH 2SPh-κ P,κ S Ligand. Biomolecules 2024; 14:420. [PMID: 38672437 PMCID: PMC11048224 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The (pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)chloridoiridium(III) complex bearing a κP,κS-bonded Ph2PCH2CH2SPh ligand ([Ir(η5-C5Me5)Cl(Ph2P(CH2)2SPh-κP,κS)]PF6, (1)] was synthesized and characterized. Multinuclear (1H, 13C and 31P) NMR spectroscopy was employed for the determination of the structure. Moreover, SC-XRD confirmed the proposed structure belongs to the "piano stool" type. The Hirshfeld surface analysis outlined the most important intermolecular interactions in the structure. The crystallographic structure was optimized at the B3LYP-D3BJ/6-311++G(d,p)(H,C,P,S,Cl)/LanL2DZ(Ir) level of theory. The applicability of this level was verified through a comparison of experimental and theoretical bond lengths and angles, and 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts. The Natural Bond Orbital theory was used to identify and quantify the intramolecular stabilization interactions, especially those between donor atoms and Ir(III) ions. Complex 1 was tested on antitumor activity against five human tumor cell lines: MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma, SW480 colon adenocarcinoma, 518A2 melanoma, 8505C human thyroid carcinoma and A253 submandibular carcinoma. Complex 1 showed superior antitumor activity against cisplatin-resistant MCF-7, SW480 and 8505C cell lines. The mechanism of tumoricidal action on 8505C cells indicates the involvement of caspase-induced apoptosis, accompanied by a considerable reduction in ROS/RNS and proliferation potential of treated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Ludwig
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany;
| | - Ivan Ranđelović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia or (I.R.); (T.K.); (D.M.-I.); (S.M.)
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, The National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Ráth György u. 7-9, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dušan Dimić
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Teodora Komazec
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia or (I.R.); (T.K.); (D.M.-I.); (S.M.)
| | - Danijela Maksimović-Ivanić
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia or (I.R.); (T.K.); (D.M.-I.); (S.M.)
| | - Sanja Mijatović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia or (I.R.); (T.K.); (D.M.-I.); (S.M.)
| | - Tobias Rüffer
- Institute of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Straße der Nationen 62, D-09111 Chemnitz, Germany;
| | - Goran N. Kaluđerović
- Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Merseburg, Eberhard-Leibnitz-Strasse 2, D-06217 Merseburg, Germany
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22
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Li W, Li T, Pan Y, Li S, Xu G, Zhang Z, Liang H, Yang F. Designing a Mitochondria-Targeted Theranostic Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complex: Overcoming Cisplatin Resistance and Inhibiting Tumor Metastasis through Necroptosis and Immune Response. J Med Chem 2024; 67:3843-3859. [PMID: 38442035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
To develop a potential theranostic metal agent to reverse the resistance of cancer cells to cisplatin and effectively inhibit tumor growth and metastasis, we proposed to design a cyclometalated iridium (Ir) complex based on the properties of the tumor environment (TME). To the end, we designed and synthesized a series of Ir(III) 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde thiosemicarbazone complexes by modifying the hydrogen atom(s) of the N-3 position of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde thiosemicarbazone compounds and the structure of cyclometalated Ir(III) dimers and then investigated their structure-activity and structure-fluorescence relationships to obtain an Ir(III) complex (Ir5) with remarkable fluorescence and cytotoxicity to cancer cells. Ir5 not only possesses mitochondria-targeted properties but also overcomes cisplatin resistance and effectively inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Besides, we confirmed the anticancer mechanisms of Ir5 acting on different components in the TME: directly killing liver cancer cells by inducing necroptosis and activating the necroptosis-related immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Ying Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Shanhe Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Gang Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Zhenlei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
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23
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Guo SL, Xiao YH, Pan BB, Su XC. Site-Specific Anchoring a Luminescent Tag in a Protein with Non-Emissive Iridium(III) Complex. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300798. [PMID: 38169080 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Site-specific modification of proteins with synthetic fluorescent tag effectively improves the resolution of imaging, and such a labeling method with negligible three-dimensional structural perturbations and minimal impact on the biological functions of proteins is of high interest to dissect the high-resolution activities of biomolecules in complex systems. To this end, several non-emissive iridium(III) complexes [Ir(C-N)2 (H2 O)2 ]+ OTF- (C-N denotes various cyclometalated ligands) were designed and synthesized. These complexes were tested for attaching a protein by coordinating to H/X (HisMet, HisHis, and HisCys) that are separated by i and i+4 in α-helix. Replacement of the two labile water ligands in the iridium(III) complex by a protein HisHis pair increases the luminescent intensity up to over 100 folds. This labeling approach has been demonstrated in a highly specific and efficient manner in a number of proteins, and it is also feasible for labeling target proteins in cell lysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yu-Hao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Bin-Bin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xun-Cheng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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24
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Martínez-Alonso M, Jones CG, Shipp JD, Chekulaev D, Bryant HE, Weinstein JA. Phototoxicity of cyclometallated Ir(III) complexes bearing a thio-bis-benzimidazole ligand, and its monodentate analogue, as potential PDT photosensitisers in cancer cell killing. J Biol Inorg Chem 2024; 29:113-125. [PMID: 38183420 PMCID: PMC11001735 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-02031-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Two novel cyclometallated iridium(III) complexes have been prepared with one bidentate or two monodentate imidazole-based ligands, 1 and 2, respectively. The complexes showed intense emission with long lifetimes of the excited state. Femtosecond transient absorption experiments established the nature of the lowest excited state as 3IL state. Singlet oxygen generation with good yields (40% for 1 and 82% for 2) was established by detecting 1O2 directly, through its emission at 1270 nm. Photostability studies were also performed to assess the viability of the complexes as photosensitizers (PS) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Complex 1 was selected as a good candidate to investigate light-activated killing of cells, whilst complex 2 was found to be toxic in the dark and unstable under light. Complex 1 demonstrated high phototoxicity indexes (PI) in the visible region, PI > 250 after irradiation at 405 nm and PI > 150 at 455 nm, in EJ bladder cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martínez-Alonso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Callum G Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - James D Shipp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Dimitri Chekulaev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Helen E Bryant
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
| | - Julia A Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
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25
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Kowalik M, Masternak J, Olszewski M, Maciejewska N, Kazimierczuk K, Sitkowski J, Dąbrowska AM, Chylewska A, Makowski M. Anticancer Study on Ir III and Rh III Half-Sandwich Complexes with the Bipyridylsulfonamide Ligand. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:1296-1316. [PMID: 38174357 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Organometallic half-sandwich complexes [(η5-Cp)IrCl(L)]PF6 (1) and [(η5-Cp)RhCl(L)]PF6 (2) were prepared using pentamethylcyclopentadienyl chloride dimers of iridium(III) or rhodium(III) with the 4-amino-N-(2,2'-bipyridin-5-yl)benzenesulfonamide ligand (L) and ammonium hexafluorophosphate. The crystal structures of L, 1, and 2 were analyzed in detail. The coordination reactions of the ligand with the central ions were confirmed using various spectroscopic techniques. Additionally, the interactions between sulfaligand, Ir(III), and Rh(III) complexes with carbonic anhydrase (CA), human serum albumin (HSA), and CT-DNA were investigated. The iridium(III) complex (1) did not show any antiproliferative properties against four different cancer cell lines, i.e., nonsmall cell lung cancer A549, colon cancer HCT-116, breast cancer MCF7, lymphoblastic leukemia Nalm-6, and a nonmalignant human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293, due to high binding affinity to GSH. The sulfonamide ligand (L) and rhodium(III) complex (2) were further studied. L showed competitive inhibition toward CA, while complexes 1 and 2, uncompetitive. All compounds interacted with HSA, causing a conformational change in the protein's α-helical structure, suggesting the induction of a more open conformation in HSA, reducing its biological activity. Both L and 2 were found to induce cell death through a caspase-dependent pathway. These findings position L and 2 as potential starting compounds for pharmaceutical, therapeutic, or medicinal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kowalik
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Masternak
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
| | - Mateusz Olszewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Natalia Maciejewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kazimierczuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sitkowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academic of Science, Marcina Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
- National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warszawa, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Chylewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mariusz Makowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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26
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Wang L, Wang X, Chen F, Song YQ, Nao SC, Chan DSH, Wong CY, Wang W, Leung CH. A glycyrrhetinic acid-iridium(III) conjugate as a theranostic NIR probe for hepatocellular carcinoma with mitochondrial-targeting ability. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:115995. [PMID: 38043488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major contributor to global mortality rates, but current treatment options have limitations. Advanced theranostics are needed to effectively integrate diagnosis and therapeutic of HCC. Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) has abundant binding sites with glycyrrhetinic acid receptors (GA-Rs) on the surface of HCC cells and has also been reported to possess ligands with mitochondrial-targeting capability but with limited efficacy. Herein, we report a near-infrared (NIR) luminescent theranostic complex 1 through conjugating an iridium(III) complex to GA, which exhibits the desired photophysical properties and promotes mitochondrial-targeting capability. Complex 1 was selectively taken up by HepG2 liver cancer cells and was imaged within mitochondria with NIR emission. Complex 1 targeted mitochondria and opened mitochondrial permeability transition pores (MPTPs), resulting in ROS accumulation, mitochondrial damage, disruption of Bax/Bcl-2 equilibrium, and tumor cell apoptosis, resulting in significantly improved anticancer activity compared to GA. This work offers a methodology for developing multifunctional theranostic probes with amplified specificity and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Xueliang Wang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, 45 South Gaoxin Road, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Ying-Qi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Sang-Cuo Nao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
| | | | - Chun-Yuen Wong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Wanhe Wang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, 45 South Gaoxin Road, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China; Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, 999078, China; MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, 999078, China.
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27
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Liu X, Lv A, Zhang P, Chang J, Dong R, Liu M, Liu J, Huang X, Yuan XA, Liu Z. The anticancer application of half-sandwich iridium(III) ferrocene-thiosemicarbazide Schiff base complexes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:552-563. [PMID: 38054240 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02879h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Ferrocenyl derivatives and organometallic iridium(III) complexes have been prospective substitutes for platinum-based anticancer drugs. Eight half-sandwich iridium(III) ferrocene-thiosemicarbazide (Fc-TSC) Schiff base anticancer complexes were prepared in this study. These complexes displayed a dimeric structure and exhibited a particular fluorescence due to the "enol" orientation of the TSC pro-ligand. An energy-dependent pathway of the uptake mechanism was ascertained, which ended in the lysosome and led to lysosome damage and apoptosis. Flow cytometry confirmed that the complexes could block the cell cycle (G1 phase) and improve the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species, indicating an anticancer mechanism of oxidation. Then, a lysosomal-mitochondrial anticancer pathway was verified through western blotting. In vivo toxicity assays confirmed that these complexes showed better anti-migration ability and less toxicity in comparison to cisplatin. Thus, these complexes provide a new strategy for the design of non-platinum organometallic anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xicheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Ao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Pei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaying Chang
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Ruixiao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Mengxian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Jiayi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiang-Ai Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
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28
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Zhang Z, Wei Z, Guo J, Lyu J, Wang B, Wang G, Wang C, Zhou L, Yuan Z, Xing G, Wu C, Zhang X. Metallopolymer strategy to explore hypoxic active narrow-bandgap photosensitizers for effective cancer photodynamic therapy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:170. [PMID: 38167652 PMCID: PMC10762066 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43890-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Practical photodynamic therapy calls for high-performance, less O2-dependent, long-wavelength-light-activated photosensitizers to suit the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Iridium-based photosensitizers exhibit excellent photocatalytic performance, but the in vivo applications are hindered by conventional O2-dependent Type-II photochemistry and poor absorption. Here we show a general metallopolymerization strategy for engineering iridium complexes exhibiting Type-I photochemistry and enhancing absorption intensity in the blue to near-infrared region. Reactive oxygen species generation of metallopolymer Ir-P1, where the iridium atom is covalently coupled to the polymer backbone, is over 80 times higher than that of its mother polymer without iridium under 680 nm irradiation. This strategy also works effectively when the iridium atom is directly included (Ir-P2) in the polymer backbones, exhibiting wide generality. The metallopolymer nanoparticles exhibiting efficient O2•- generation are conjugated with integrin αvβ3 binding cRGD to achieve targeted photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Zixiang Wei
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Jintong Guo
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Jinxiao Lyu
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Bingzhe Wang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Chunfei Wang
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Liqiang Zhou
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Changfeng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Xuanjun Zhang
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China.
- MOE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China.
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Morales M, Preshlock S, Sharninghausen LS, Wright JS, Brooks AF, Sanford MS, Scott PJH. Tandem Iridium-Catalyzed C-H Borylation/Copper-Mediated Radiofluorination of Aromatic C-H Bonds with [ 18F]TBAF. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2729:45-53. [PMID: 38006490 PMCID: PMC10867631 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3499-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Direct C-H functionalization of (hetero)aromatic C-H bonds with iridium-catalyzed borylation followed by copper-mediated radiofluorination of the in situ generated organoboronates affords fluorine-18 labeled aromatics in high radiochemical conversions and meta-selectivities. This protocol describes the benchtop reaction assembly of the C-H borylation and radiofluorination steps, which can be utilized for the fluorine-18 labeling of densely functionalized bioactive scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Morales
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sean Preshlock
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Jay S Wright
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Allen F Brooks
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Peter J H Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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30
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Reghukumar C, Shamjith S, Murali VP, Ramya PK, Radhakrishnan KV, Maiti KK. Cyclometalated Ir(III) theranostic molecular probe enabled mitochondria targeted fluorescence-SERS-guided phototherapy in breast cancer cells. J Photochem Photobiol B 2024; 250:112832. [PMID: 38142588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The increased energy demands inherent in cancer cells necessitate a dependence on mitochondrial assistance for their proliferation and metastatic activity. Herein, an innovative photo-medical approach has been attempted, specifically targeting mitochondria, the cellular powerhouses, to attain therapeutic benefit. This strategy facilitates the rapid and precise initiation of apoptosis, the programmed cell death process. In this goal, we have synthesized cyclometalated Iridium (III) molecular probes, denoted as Ir-CN and Ir-H, with a nitrile (CN) and a hydrogen-functionalized bipyridine as ancillary ligands, respectively. Ir-CN has shown superior photosensitizing properties and lower dark cytotoxicity compared to Ir-H in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7, positioning it as the preferred probe for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The synthesized Ir-CN induces alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential, disrupting the respiratory chain function, and generating reactive oxygen species that activate signaling pathways leading to cell death. The CN-conjugated bipyridine ligand in Ir-CN contributes to the intense red fluorescence and the positive charge on the central metal atom facilitates specific mitochondrial colocalization (colocalization coefficient of 0.90). Together with this, the Iridium metal, with strong spin-orbit coupling, efficiently generates singlet oxygen with a quantum yield of 0.79. Consequently, the cytotoxic singlet oxygen produced by Ir-CN upon laser exposure disrupts mitochondrial processes, arresting the electron transport chain and energy production, ultimately leading to programmed cell death. This mitochondrial imbalance and apoptotic induction were dually confirmed through various apoptotic assays including Annexin V staining and by mapping the molecular level changes through surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Therefore, cyclometalated Ir-CN emerges as a promising molecular probe for cancer theranostics, inducing laser-assisted mitochondrial damage, as tracked through bimodal fluorescence and SERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandana Reghukumar
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division (CSTD), Organic Chemistry Section, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Industrial Estate, Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shanmughan Shamjith
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division (CSTD), Organic Chemistry Section, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Industrial Estate, Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Murali
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division (CSTD), Organic Chemistry Section, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Industrial Estate, Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Pilankatta K Ramya
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division (CSTD), Organic Chemistry Section, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Industrial Estate, Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Kokkuvayil Vasu Radhakrishnan
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division (CSTD), Organic Chemistry Section, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Industrial Estate, Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Kaustabh Kumar Maiti
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division (CSTD), Organic Chemistry Section, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Industrial Estate, Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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31
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Zhang S, Zhang S, Fan Y, Zhang X, Chen J, Jin C, Chen S, Wang L, Zhang Q, Chen Y. Total Synthesis of the Proposed Structure of Neaumycin B. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313186. [PMID: 37889502 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The total synthesis of the proposed structure of anti-glioblastoma natural product neaumycin B was achieved in 22 steps (longest linear sequence). The synthesis features HCl-mediated [6,6]-spiroketalization, a combination of Krische iridium-catalyzed crotylation, Marshall palladium-catalyzed propargylation, Fürstner nickel-catalyzed regio- and enantioselective vicinal monoprotected diol formation, Brown crotylation and asymmetric halide-aldehyde cycloaddition, so as to establish the challenging contiguous stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353 (P. R. China)
| | - Songming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353 (P. R. China)
| | - Xuhai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353 (P. R. China)
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353 (P. R. China)
| | - Chaofan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353 (P. R. China)
| | - Sisi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Quan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353 (P. R. China)
| | - Yue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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32
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Negi M, Dixit T, Venkatesh V. Ligand Dictated Photosensitization of Iridium(III) Dithiocarbamate Complexes for Photodynamic Therapy. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:20080-20095. [PMID: 37994001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Organelle-targeted photosensitizers (PSs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT) are considered as an effective therapeutic strategy for the development of next generation PSs with the least side effects and high therapeutic efficacy. However, multiorganelle targeted PSs eliciting PDT via both type I and type II mechanisms are scarce. Herein, a series of cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes were formulated [Ir(C∧N)2(S∧S)] (C∧N = 2-phenylpyridine (ppy) and 2-(thiophen-2-yl)pyridine (thpy); S∧S = diethyldithiocarbamate (DEDTC), morpholine-N-dithiocarbamate (MORDTC) and methoxycarbonodithioate (MEDTC)) and the newly designed complexes Ir2@DEDTC and Ir1@MEDTC were characterized by single crystal X-ray crystallography. Complexes containing thpy as C∧N ligand exhibit excellent photophysical properties such as red-shifted emission, high singlet oxygen quantum yield (ϕΔ) and longer photoluminescence lifetime when compared with complexes containing ppy ligands. Ir2@DEDTC exhibits the highest ϕΔ and photoluminescence lifetimes among the synthesized complexes. Therefore, Ir2@DEDTC was chosen to evaluate the photosensitizing ability to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Upon blue light irradiation (456 nm), it efficiently produces ROS, i.e., hydroxy radical (•OH) and singlet oxygen (1O2), which was confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. In vitro photocytotoxicity toward HCT116, HeLa, and PC3 cell lines showed that out of all the synthesized complexes, Ir2@DEDTC has the highest photocytotoxic index (PI > 400) value. Ir2@DEDTC is efficiently taken up by the HCT116 cell line and accumulated mainly in the lysosome and mitochondria of the cells, and after PDT treatment, it elicits cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, and DNA fragmentation. The phototherapeutic efficacy of Ir2@DEDTC has been investigated against 3D spheroids considering its ability to mimic some of the basic features of solid tumors. The morphology was drastically altered in the Ir2@DEDTC treated 3D spheroid after the light irradiation unleashed the potential of the Ir(III) dithiocarbamate complex as a superior PS for PDT. Hence, mitochondria and lysosome targeted photoactive cyclometalated Ir(III) dithiocarbamate complex exerting oxidative stress via both type I and type II PDT can be regarded as a dual-organelle targeted two-pronged approach for enhanced PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Negi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Tejal Dixit
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - V Venkatesh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
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33
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Zhu W, Liu S, Wang Z, Shi C, Zhang Q, Wu Z, Li G, Zhu D. An AIE Metal Iridium Complex: Photophysical Properties and Singlet Oxygen Generation Capacity. Molecules 2023; 28:7914. [PMID: 38067643 PMCID: PMC10708252 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has garnered significant attention in the fields of cancer treatment and drug-resistant bacteria eradication due to its non-invasive nature and spatiotemporal controllability. Iridium complexes have captivated researchers owing to their tunable structure, exceptional optical properties, and substantial Stokes displacement. However, most of these complexes suffer from aggregation-induced quenching, leading to diminished luminous efficiency. In contrast to conventional photosensitizers, photosensitizers exhibiting aggregation-induced luminescence (AIE) properties retain the ability to generate a large number of reactive oxygen species when aggregated. To overcome these limitations, we designed and synthesized a novel iridium complex named Ir-TPA in this study. It incorporates quinoline triphenylamine cyclomethylated ligands that confer AIE characteristics for Ir-TPA. We systematically investigated the photophysical properties, AIE behavior, spectral features, and reactive oxygen generation capacity of Ir-TPA. The results demonstrate that Ir-TPA exhibits excellent optical properties with pronounced AIE phenomenon and robust capability for producing singlet oxygen species. This work not only introduces a new class of metal iridium complex photosensitizer with AIE attributes but also holds promise for achieving remarkable photodynamic therapeutic effects in future cellular experiments and biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China; (W.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.W.); (C.S.); (Q.Z.); (Z.W.)
| | - Shengnan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China; (W.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.W.); (C.S.); (Q.Z.); (Z.W.)
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China; (W.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.W.); (C.S.); (Q.Z.); (Z.W.)
| | - Chunguang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China; (W.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.W.); (C.S.); (Q.Z.); (Z.W.)
| | - Qiaohua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China; (W.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.W.); (C.S.); (Q.Z.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zihan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China; (W.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.W.); (C.S.); (Q.Z.); (Z.W.)
| | - Guangzhe Li
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Health Food of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Dongxia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China; (W.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.W.); (C.S.); (Q.Z.); (Z.W.)
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34
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Liu X, Wang Z, Zhang X, Lv X, Sun Y, Dong R, Li G, Ren X, Ji Z, Yuan XA, Liu Z. Configurationally regulated half-sandwich iridium(III)-ferrocene heteronuclear metal complexes: Potential anticancer agents. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 249:112393. [PMID: 37806004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Half-sandwich iridium(III) (IrIII) complexes and ferrocenyl (Fc) derivatives are becoming the research hotspot in the field of anticancer because of their good bioactivity and unique anticancer mechanism different from platinum-based drugs. Then, a series of half-sandwich IrIII-Fc pyridine complexes have been prepared through the structural regulation in this study. The incorporation of half-sandwich IrIII complex with Fc unit successfully improves their anticancer activity, and the optimal performance (IrFc5) is almost 3-fold higher than that of cisplatin against A549 cells, meanwhile, which also shows better anti-proliferative activity against A549/DDP cells. Complexes can aggregate in the intracellular lysosome of A549 cells and induce lysosomal damage, disrupt the cell cycle, increase the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species, and eventually lead to cell apoptosis. Half-sandwich IrIII-Fc heteronuclear metal complexes possess a different anticancer mechanism from cisplatin, which can serve as a potential alternative to platinum-based drugs and show a good application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xicheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
| | - Zihan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xinru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xiaocai Lv
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Ruixiao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Guangxiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xueyan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Zhongyin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xiang-Ai Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
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35
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Das B, Gupta S, Mondal A, Kalita KJ, Mallick AI, Gupta P. Tuning the Organelle-Specific Imaging and Photodynamic Therapeutic Efficacy of Theranostic Mono- and Trinuclear Organometallic Iridium(III) Complexes. J Med Chem 2023; 66:15550-15563. [PMID: 37950696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
The organelle-specific localization of mononuclear and trinuclear iridium(III) complexes and their photodynamic behavior within the cells are described herein, emphasizing their structure-activity relationship. Both the IrA2 and IrB2 complexes possess a pair of phenyl-benzothiazole derived from the -CHO moieties of mononuclear organometallic iridium(III) complexes IrA1 and IrB1, which chelates IrCp*Cl (Cp* = 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadiene) to afford trinuclear complexes IrA3 and IrB3. Insights into the photophysical and electrochemical parameters of the complexes were obtained by a time-dependent density functional theory study. The synthesized complexes IrA2, IrA3, IrB2, and IrB3 were found to be nontoxic to human MCF7 breast carcinoma cells. However, the photoexcitation of complexes using LED light could effectively trigger intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, leading to cell death. Furthermore, to check the organelle-specific localization of IrA2 and IrB2, we observed that both complexes could selectively localize in the endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast, trinuclear IrA3 and IrB3 accumulate in the nuclei. The photoexcitation of complexes using LED light could effectively trigger intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, leading to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, IISER Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhadeep Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, IISER Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Anushka Mondal
- Department of Biological Sciences, IISER Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Kalyan Jyoti Kalita
- Department of Chemical Sciences, IISER Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Amirul Islam Mallick
- Department of Biological Sciences, IISER Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Parna Gupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, IISER Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, West Bengal, India
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36
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Tang SJ, Li QF, Wang MF, Yang R, Zeng LZ, Li XL, Wang RD, Zhang H, Ren X, Zhang D, Gao F. Bleeding the Excited State Energy to the Utmost: Single-Molecule Iridium Complexes for In Vivo Dual Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapy by an Infrared Low-Power Laser. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301227. [PMID: 37269544 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes with morpholine and piperazine groups are designed as dual photosensitizers and photothermal agents for more efficient antitumor phototherapy via infrared low-power laser. Their ground and excited state properties, as well as the structural effect on their photophysical and biological properties, are investigated by spectroscopic, electrochemical, and quantum chemical theoretical calculations. They target mitochondria in human melanoma tumor cells and trigger apoptosis related to mitochondrial dysfunction upon irradiation. The Ir(III) complexes, particularly Ir6, demonstrate high phototherapy indexes to melanoma tumor cells and a manifest photothermal effect. Ir6, with minimal hepato-/nephrotoxicity in vitro, significantly inhibits the growth of melanoma tumors in vivo under 808 nm laser irradiation by dual photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy and can be efficiently eliminated from the body. These results may contribute to the development of highly efficient phototherapeutic drugs for large, deeply buried solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Rong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Li-Zhen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Lian Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Ren
- Animal Research and Resource Center, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Dan Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, P. R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
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37
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Peng C, Luo J, Wang K, Li J, Ma Y, Li J, Yang H, Chen T, Zhang G, Ji X, Liao Y, Lin H, Ji Z. Iridium metal complex targeting oxidation resistance 1 protein attenuates spinal cord injury by inhibiting oxidative stress-associated reactive oxygen species. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102913. [PMID: 37857001 PMCID: PMC10587759 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key factor leading to profound neurological deficits following spinal cord injury (SCI). In this study, we present the development and potential application of an iridium (iii) complex, (CpxbiPh) Ir (N^N) Cl, where CpxbiPh represents 1-biphenyl-2,3,4,5-tetramethyl cyclopentadienyl, and N^N denotes 2-(3-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl) pyridine chelating agents, to address this challenge through a mechanism governed by the regulation of an antioxidant protein. This iridium complex, IrPHtz, can modulate the Oxidation Resistance 1 (OXR1) protein levels within spinal cord tissues, thus showcasing its antioxidative potential. By eliminating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and preventing apoptosis, the IrPHtz demonstrated neuroprotective and neural healing characteristics on injured neurons. Our molecular docking analysis unveiled the presence of π stacking within the IrPHtz-OXR1 complex, an interaction that enhanced OXR1 expression, subsequently diminishing oxidative stress, thwarting neuroinflammation, and averting neuronal apoptosis. Furthermore, in in vivo experimentation with SCI-afflicted mice, IrPHtz was efficacious in shielding spinal cord neurons, promoting their regrowth, restoring electrical signaling, and improving motor performance. Collectively, these findings underscore the potential of employing the iridium metal complex in a novel, protein-regulated antioxidant strategy, presenting a promising avenue for therapeutic intervention in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Jianxian Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Department of Anatomy, Shaoyang University Puai Medical College, Shaoyang, Hunan, 422099, China
| | - Yanming Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Tianjun Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Xin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Carrier of Guangdong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Yuhui Liao
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510091, China.
| | - Hongsheng Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
| | - Zhisheng Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
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Zhao LJ, Zhang C, Zhang S, Lv X, Chen J, Sun X, Su H, Murayama T, Qi C. High Selectivity Cofactor NADH Regeneration Organic Iridium Complexes Used for High-Efficiency Chem-Enzyme Cascade Catalytic Hydrogen Transfer. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:17577-17582. [PMID: 37843583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Our research demonstrated that novel pentamethylcyclopentadienyl (Cp*) iridium pyridine sulfonamide complex PySO2NPh-Ir (7) could highly specifically catalyze nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) into the corresponding reducing cofactor NADH in cell growth media containing various biomolecules. The structures and catalytic mechanism of 7 were studied by single-crystal X-ray, NMR, electrochemical, and kinetic methods, and the formation of iridium hydride species Ir-H was confirmed to be the plausible hydride-transfer intermediate of 7. Moreover, benefiting from its high hydrogen-transfer activity and selectivity for NADH regeneration, 7 was used as an optimal metal catalyst to establish a chem-enzyme cascade catalytic hydrogen-transfer system, which realized the high-efficiency preparation of l-glutamic acid by combining with l-glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Zhao
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Gold Catalysis and Engineering, Shandong Applied Research Center of Gold Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Caimei Zhang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Gold Catalysis and Engineering, Shandong Applied Research Center of Gold Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Shixin Zhang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Gold Catalysis and Engineering, Shandong Applied Research Center of Gold Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xiaoyi Lv
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Gold Catalysis and Engineering, Shandong Applied Research Center of Gold Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Jiayang Chen
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Gold Catalysis and Engineering, Shandong Applied Research Center of Gold Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Gold Catalysis and Engineering, Shandong Applied Research Center of Gold Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Huijuan Su
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Gold Catalysis and Engineering, Shandong Applied Research Center of Gold Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Toru Murayama
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Gold Catalysis and Engineering, Shandong Applied Research Center of Gold Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
- Research Center for Hydrogen Energy-Based Society, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Caixia Qi
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Gold Catalysis and Engineering, Shandong Applied Research Center of Gold Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
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Litvinov IK, Belyaeva TN, Salova AV, Aksenov ND, Chelushkin PS, Solomatina AI, Tunik SP, Kornilova ES. The Dual Luminescence Lifetime pH/Oxygen Sensor: Evaluation of Applicability for Intravital Analysis of 2D- and 3D-Cultivated Human Endometrial Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15606. [PMID: 37958592 PMCID: PMC10650141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxygenation of cells and tissues and acidification of the cellular endolysosomal system are among the major factors that ensure normal functioning of an organism and are violated in various pathologies. Recording of these parameters and their changes under various conditions is an important task for both basic research and clinical applications. In the present work, we utilized internalizable dual pH/O2 lifetime sensor (Ir-HSA-FITC) based on the covalent conjugation of human serum albumin (HSA) with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) as pH sensor and an orthometalated iridium complex as O2 sensor. The probe was tested for simultaneous detection of acidification level and oxygen concentration in endolysosomes of endometrial mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (enMSCs) cultivated as 2D monolayers and 3D spheroids. Using a combined FLIM/PLIM approach, we found that due to high autofluorescence of enMSCs FITC lifetime signal in control cells was insufficient to estimate pH changes. However, using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, we managed to detect the FITC signal response to inhibition of endolysosomal acidification by Bafilomycin A1. The iridium chromophore phosphorescence was detected reliably by all methods used. It was demonstrated that the sensor, accumulated in endolysosomes for 24 h, disappeared from proliferating 2D enMSCs by 72 h, but can still be recorded in non-proliferating spheroids. PLIM showed high sensitivity and responsiveness of iridium chromophore phosphorescence to experimental hypoxia both in 2D and 3D cultures. In spheroids, the phosphorescence signal was detected at a depth of up to 60 μm using PLIM and showed a gradient in the intracellular O2 level towards their center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia K. Litvinov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky av. 4, 194064 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (I.K.L.); (T.N.B.); (A.V.S.); (N.D.A.)
| | - Tatiana N. Belyaeva
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky av. 4, 194064 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (I.K.L.); (T.N.B.); (A.V.S.); (N.D.A.)
| | - Anna V. Salova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky av. 4, 194064 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (I.K.L.); (T.N.B.); (A.V.S.); (N.D.A.)
| | - Nikolay D. Aksenov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky av. 4, 194064 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (I.K.L.); (T.N.B.); (A.V.S.); (N.D.A.)
| | - Pavel S. Chelushkin
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (P.S.C.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Anastasia I. Solomatina
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (P.S.C.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Sergey P. Tunik
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (P.S.C.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Elena S. Kornilova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky av. 4, 194064 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (I.K.L.); (T.N.B.); (A.V.S.); (N.D.A.)
- Higher School of Biomedical Systems and Technologies, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Khlopina Str. 11, 195251 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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40
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Abstract
Parahydrogen hyperpolarization has evolved into a versatile tool in NMR, allowing substantial sensitivity enhancements in analysis of biological samples. Herein we show how its application scope can be extended from small metabolites to underivatized oligopeptides in solution. Based on a homologous series of alanine oligomers, we report on an experimental and DFT study on the structure of the oligopeptide and hyperpolarization catalyst complexes formed in the process. We demonstrate that alanine oligomers coordinate to the iridium carbene-based catalyst in three different ways, each giving rise to distinctive hydride signals. Moreover, the exact structures of the transient oligopeptide-catalyst complexes are oligomer-specific. This work gives a first insight into how the organometallic iridium-N-heterocyclic carbene-based parahydrogen hyperpolarization catalyst interacts with biopolymers that have multiple catalyst binding sites. A preliminary application example is demonstrated for oligopeptide detection in urine, a complex biological mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Reimets
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia.
- School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, Tallinn 19086, Estonia
| | - Kerti Ausmees
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia.
| | - Sirje Vija
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia.
| | - Aleksander Trummal
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia.
| | - Merle Uudsemaa
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia.
| | - Indrek Reile
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia.
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Gadre S, M M, Chakraborty G, Rayrikar A, Paul S, Patra C, Patra M. Development of a Highly In Vivo Efficacious Dual Antitumor and Antiangiogenic Organoiridium Complex as a Potential Anti-Lung Cancer Agent. J Med Chem 2023; 66:13481-13500. [PMID: 37784224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
While the phenomenal clinical success of blockbuster platinum (Pt) drugs is highly encouraging, the inherent and acquired resistance and dose-limiting side effects severely limit their clinical application. To find a better alternative with translational potential, we synthesized a library of six organo-IrIII half-sandwich [(η5-CpX)Ir(N∧N)Cl]+-type complexes. In vitro screening identified two lead candidates [(η5-CpXPh)Ir(Ph2Phen)Cl]+ (5, CpXPh = tetramethyl-phenyl-cyclopentadienyl and Ph2Phen = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) and [(η5-CpXBiPh)Ir(Ph2Phen)Cl]+ (6, CpXBiPh = tetramethyl-biphenyl-cyclopentadienyl) with nanomolar IC50 values. Both 5 and 6 efficiently overcame Pt resistance and presented excellent cancer cell selectivity in vitro. Potent antiangiogenic properties of 6 were demonstrated in the zebrafish model. Satisfyingly, 6 and its nanoliposome Lipo-6 presented considerably higher in vivo antitumor efficacy as compared to cisplatin, as well as earlier reported IrIII half-sandwich complexes in mice bearing the A549 non-small lung cancer xenograft. In particular, complex 6 is the first example of this class that exerted dual in vivo antiangiogenic and antitumor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhankar Gadre
- Medicinal Chemistry and Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400005, India
| | - Manikandan M
- Medicinal Chemistry and Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400005, India
| | - Gourav Chakraborty
- Department of Developmental Biology, Agharkar Research Institute, G G Agarkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411004, India
| | - Amey Rayrikar
- Department of Developmental Biology, Agharkar Research Institute, G G Agarkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411004, India
| | - Subhadeep Paul
- Medicinal Chemistry and Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400005, India
| | - Chinmoy Patra
- Department of Developmental Biology, Agharkar Research Institute, G G Agarkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411004, India
| | - Malay Patra
- Medicinal Chemistry and Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400005, India
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42
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Yang Y, Gao Y, Sun Y, Zhao J, Gou S. Study on the Multimodal Anticancer Mechanism of Ru(II)/Ir(III) Complexes Bearing a Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2023; 66:13731-13745. [PMID: 37788351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel ruthenium(II) and iridium(III) complexes (Ru1-Ru3 and Ir1-Ir3) with different ancillary ligands and a PARP-1-inhibitory chelating ligand 2-(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide (L1) were designed and prepared. The target complexes were structurally characterized by NMR and ESI-MS techniques. Among them, the crystal and molecular structures of Ir1 and Ir2 were also determined by X-ray crystallography. These complexes retained the PARP-1 enzyme inhibitory effect of L1 and showed potent antiproliferative activity on the tested cancer cell lines. The ruthenium(II) complexes Ru1-Ru3 were found to be more cytotoxic than the iridium(III) complexes Ir1-Ir3. Further investigations revealed that the most active complex Ru3 induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells by multiple modes, inclusive of inducing DNA damage, suppressing DNA damage repair, disturbing cell cycle distribution, decreasing the mitochondrial membrane potential, and increasing the intracellular reactive oxygen species levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Yang
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Shaohua Gou
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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43
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Li XL, Zeng LZ, Yang R, Bi XD, Zhang Y, Cui RB, Wu XX, Gao F. Iridium(III)-Based Infrared Two-Photon Photosensitizers: Systematic Regulation of Their Photodynamic Therapy Efficacy. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:16122-16130. [PMID: 37717260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes are of significant importance in the field of antitumor photodynamic therapy (PDT), whether they exist as single molecules or are incorporated into nanomaterials. Nevertheless, a comprehensive examination of the relationship between their molecular structure and PDT effectiveness remains awaited. The influencing factors of two-photon excited PDT can be anticipated to be further multiplied, particularly in relation to intricate nonlinear optical properties. At present, a comprehensive body of research on this topic is lacking, and few discernible patterns have been identified. In this study, through systematic structure regulation, the nitro-substituted styryl group and 1-phenylisoquinoline ligand containing YQ2 was found to be the most potent infrared two-photon excitable photosensitizer in a 4 × 3 combination library of cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes. YQ2 could enter cells via an energy-dependent and caveolae-mediated pathway, bind specifically to mitochondria, produce 1O2 in response to 808 nm LPL irradiation, activate caspases, and induce apoptosis. In vitro, YQ2 displayed a remarkable phototherapy index for both malignant melanoma (>885) and non-small-cell lung cancer (>1234) based on these functions and was minimally deleterious to human normal liver and kidney cells. In in vivo antitumor phototherapy, YQ2 inhibited tumor growth by an impressive 85% and could be eliminated from the bodies of mice with a half-life as short as 43 h. This study has the potential to contribute significantly to the development of phototherapeutic drugs that are extremely effective in treating large, profoundly located solid tumors as well as the understanding of the structure-activity relationship of Ir(III)-based PSs in PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Lian Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Li-Zhen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Rong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Dan Bi
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Ruo-Bing Cui
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Xi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
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Tu R, Liu J, Chen W, Fu F, Li MJ. Two near-infrared phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes for the detection of GSH and photodynamic therapy. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:13137-13145. [PMID: 37655695 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01826a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
GSH is one of the most important reducing agents in biological systems. The depletion of GSH in the human body is linked to many diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to develop suitable and efficient probes for detecting GSH concentrations in real samples. In this work, we designed and synthesized two near-infrared emitting iridium(III) complex probes containing a novel ligand functionalized with an α,β-unsaturated ketone for the rapid and sensitive detection of GSH. The molecular structure of Ir2 was determined by X-ray crystallography. Due to their large Stokes shift, long luminescence lifetime and NIR emission, these probes were successfully applied in the imaging of GSH in living cells. In addition, two iridium(III) complexes have strong singlet oxygen generation ability which can be used for photodynamic therapy (PDT) upon visible light irradiation. On the basis of these findings, our iridium(III) complexes may serve as GSH probes for HeLa cell imaging and as photosensitizers for PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Weibin Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Fengfu Fu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Mei-Jin Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China.
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45
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Yokoi K, Yasuda Y, Kanbe A, Imura T, Aoki S. Development of Wireless Power-Transmission-Based Photodynamic Therapy for the Induction of Cell Death in Cancer Cells by Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031433. [PMID: 36771099 PMCID: PMC9919167 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a noninvasive method for cancer therapy, involves the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the photochemical excitation of photosensitizers (PSs) to induce cell death in cancer cells. A variety of PS including porphyrin derivatives and metal complexes such as iridium (Ir) complexes have been reported. In clinical trials, red-near infrared (NIR) light (650-900 nm) is preferred for the excitation of PSs due to its deeper penetration into tissues compared with visible light (400-500 nm). To overcome this limitation, we established a PDT system that uses cyclometalated iridium(III) (Ir(III)) complexes that are excited with blue light in the wireless power transmission (WPT) system. To achieve this, we developed a light-emitting diode (LED) light device equipped with a receiver coil that receives electricity from the transmitter coil through magnetic resonance coupling. The LEDs in the receiving device use blue light (470 nm) to irradiate a given Ir(III) complex and excite triplet oxygen (3O2) to singlet oxygen (1O2) which induces cell death in HeLa S3 cells (human cervical carcinoma cells). The results obtained in this study suggest that WPT-based PDT represents a potentially new method for the treatment of tumors by a non-battery LED, which are otherwise difficult to treat by previous PDT systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Yokoi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Yasuda
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Azusa Kanbe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takehiro Imura
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.I.); (S.A.); Tel.: +81-4-7121-3670 (S.A.)
| | - Shin Aoki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Technology (RIST), Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.I.); (S.A.); Tel.: +81-4-7121-3670 (S.A.)
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46
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Zhong M, He J, Zhang B, Liu Q, Fang J. Mitochondria-targeted iridium-based photosensitizers enhancing photodynamic therapy effect by disturbing cellular redox balance. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 195:121-131. [PMID: 36581057 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive, light-activated treatment approach that has been broadly employed in cancer. Cyclometallic iridium (Ш) complexes are candidates for ideal photosensitizers due to their unique photophysical and photochemical features, such as high quantum yield, large Stokes shift, strong resistance to photobleaching, and high cellular permeability. We evaluated a panel of iridium complexes and identified PC9 as a powerful photosensitizer to kill cancer cells. PC9 shows an 8-fold increase of cytotoxicity to HeLa cells under light irradiation. Further investigation discloses that PC9 has a strong mitochondrial-targeting ability and can inhibit the antioxidant enzyme thioredoxin reductase, which contributes to improving PDT efficacy. Our data indicate that iridium complexes are efficient photosensitizers with distinct physicochemical properties and cellular actions, and deserve further development as promising agents for PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhong
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Jian He
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, School of Medical Imaging, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Baoxin Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
| | - Jianguo Fang
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, China.
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47
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Liu B, Zubi YS, Lewis JC. Iridium(III) Polypyridine Artificial Metalloenzymes with Tunable Photophysical Properties: a New Platform for Visible Light Photocatalysis in Aqueous Solution. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:5034-5038. [PMID: 37060130 PMCID: PMC10187040 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00932g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) can combine the unique features of both metal complexes and enzymes by incorporating a cofactor within a protein scaffold. Herein, we describe a panel of ArMs constructed...
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
| | - Yasmine S Zubi
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
| | - Jared C Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
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Chu X, Huang Y, Li W, Zhao S, Li H, Lu A. Multicolor Emissive Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes Containing L-Alanine Ligands: Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties, DFT Calculations, and Selective Recognition of Cu(II) Ions. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238506. [PMID: 36500597 PMCID: PMC9741083 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Three novel Ir(III) complexes, (ppy)2Ir(L-alanine) (Ir1) (ppy = 2-phenylpyridine), (F4ppy)2Ir(L-alanine) (Ir2) (F4ppy = 2-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridine), and (F2,4,5ppy)2Ir(L-alanine) (Ir3) (F2,4,5ppy = 2-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)pyridine), based on simple L-alanine as ancillary ligands were synthesized and investigated. Due to the introduction of fluorine substituents on the cyclometalated ligands, complexes Ir1-Ir3 exhibited yellow to sky-blue emissions (λem = 464-509 nm) in acetonitrile solution. The photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of Ir1-Ir3 ranged from 0.48-0.69, of which Ir3 with sky-blue luminescence had the highest PLQY of 0.69. The electrochemical study and density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMOs) energy of Ir1-Ir3 are stabilized by the introduction of fluorine substituents on the cyclometalated ligands, while L-alanine ancillary ligand has little contribution to HOMOs and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs). Moreover, Ir1-Ir3 presented an excellent response to Cu2+ with a high selectivity, strong anti-interference ability, and short response time. Such a detection was based on significant phosphorescence quenching of their emissions, showing the potential application in chemosensors for Cu2+.
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49
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Drance MJ, Tanushi A, Radosevich AT. Two-Site O-H Addition to an Iridium Complex Featuring a Nonspectator Tricoordinate Phosphorus Ligand. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20243-20248. [PMID: 36301929 PMCID: PMC9662588 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and reactivity of an ambiphilic iridium complex IrCl(PPh3)(L1) (1; L1 = P(N(o-N(2-pyridyl)C6H4)2)) featuring a chelating nontrigonal phosphorus triamide ligand is reported. The tandem Lewis basic Ir and Lewis acidic P of 1 achieve a two-site oxidative addition of phenol giving the iridaphenoxyphosphorane species IrHCl(PPh3)(L1OPh) (3'). In contrast, reactions of 1 with benzenethiol and benzeneselenol do not engage L1 and instead proceed via metal-centered oxidative addition of the chalcogen-hydrogen bond. These findings establish metal-ligand cooperation involving nonspectator reactivity of tricoordinate phosphorus ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexander T. Radosevich
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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50
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Wang XL, Chen JT, Zheng SC, Zhao XM. Ir-Catalyzed Chemo-, Regio-, and Enantioselective Allylic Enolization of 6,6-Dimethyl-3-((trimethylsilyl)oxy)cyclohex-2-en-1-one Involving Keto-Enol Isomerization. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206981. [PMID: 36296572 PMCID: PMC9612087 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of 6,6-dimethyl-3-((trimethylsilyl)oxy)cyclohex-2-en-1-one made from an unsymmetrical 4,4-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione in iridium-catalyzed allylic enolization involving keto-enol isomerization is accomplished under mild conditions. The chemoselectivity, regioselectivity, and enantioselectivity are facilitated by the quaternary carbon and adjusting the reaction conditions. This method provides the substituted 2-(but-3-en-2-yl)-3-hydroxy-6,6-dimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ones in good to high yields with high level of chemo-, regio-, and enantioselectivities. The chiral carbon-fluorine bond formation is induced by an adjacent chiral carbon center of the allylated 3-hydroxy-6,6-dimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one, as well.
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