1
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Wei Y, Chen Z, Li Y, Song K. The splicing factor WBP11 mediates MCM7 intron retention to promote the malignant progression of ovarian cancer. Oncogene 2024; 43:1565-1578. [PMID: 38561505 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating studies suggest that splicing factors play important roles in many diseases including human cancers. Our study revealed that WBP11, a core splicing factor, is highly expressed in ovarian cancer (OC) tissues and associated with a poor prognosis. WBP11 inhibition significantly impaired the proliferation and mobility of ovarian cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, FOXM1 transcriptionally activated WBP11 expression by directly binding to its promoter in OC cells. Importantly, RNA-seq and alternative splicing event analysis revealed that WBP11 silencing decreased the expression of MCM7 by regulating intron 4 retention. MCM7 inhibition attenuated the increase in malignant behaviors of WBP11-overexpressing OC cells. Overall, WBP11 was identified as an oncogenic splicing factor that contributes to malignant progression by repressing intron 4 retention of MCM7 in OC cells. Thus, WBP11 is an oncogenic splicing factor with potential therapeutic and prognostic implications in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongshao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yingwei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Medical Integration and Practice Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Kun Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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2
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Shi Q, Xu G, Jiang Y, Yang J, Han X, Wang Q, Li Y, Zhang Z, Wang K, Peng H, Chen F, Ma Y, Zhao L, Chen Y, Liu Z, Yang L, Jia X, Wen T, Tong Z, Cui X, Li F. Phospholipase PLCE1 Promotes Transcription and Phosphorylation of MCM7 to Drive Tumor Progression in Esophageal Cancer. Cancer Res 2024; 84:560-576. [PMID: 38117512 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-1633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCE1) is a well-established susceptibility gene for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Identification of the underlying mechanism(s) regulated by PLCE1 could lead to a better understanding of ESCC tumorigenesis. In this study, we found that PLCE1 enhances tumor progression by regulating the replicative helicase MCM7 via two pathways. PLCE1 activated PKCα-mediated phosphorylation of E2F1, which led to the transcriptional activation of MCM7 and miR-106b-5p. The increased expression of miR-106b-5p, located in intron 13 of MCM7, suppressed autophagy and apoptosis by targeting Beclin-1 and RBL2, respectively. Moreover, MCM7 cooperated with the miR-106b-25 cluster to promote PLCE1-dependent cell-cycle progression both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, PLCE1 potentiated the phosphorylation of MCM7 at six threonine residues by the atypical kinase RIOK2, which promoted MCM complex assembly, chromatin loading, and cell-cycle progression. Inhibition of PLCE1 or RIOK2 hampered MCM7-mediated DNA replication, resulting in G1-S arrest. Furthermore, MCM7 overexpression in ESCC correlated with poor patient survival. Overall, these findings provide insights into the role of PLCE1 as an oncogenic regulator, a promising prognostic biomarker, and a potential therapeutic target in ESCC. SIGNIFICANCE PLCE1 promotes tumor progression in ESCC by activating PKCα-mediated phosphorylation of E2F1 to upregulate MCM7 and miR-106b-5p expression and by potentiating MCM7 phosphorylation by RIOK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shi
- Medical Research Center and Department of Pathology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, P.R. China
| | - Guixuan Xu
- Medical Research Center and Department of Pathology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, P.R. China
| | - Yuliang Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ju Yang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xueping Han
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, P.R. China
| | - Ya Li
- Medical Research Center and Department of Pathology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Medical Research Center and Department of Pathology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Kaige Wang
- Medical Research Center and Department of Pathology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, P.R. China
| | - Yandi Ma
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, P.R. China
| | - Linyue Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yunzhao Chen
- Department of Pathology, The people's Hospital of Suzhou National Hi-Tech District, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Medical Research Center and Department of Pathology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, P.R. China
| | - Xingyuan Jia
- Medical Research Center and Department of Pathology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wen
- Medical Research Center and Department of Pathology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhaohui Tong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Cui
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Medical Research Center and Department of Pathology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, P.R. China
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3
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Le TT, Ainsworth J, Polo Rivera C, Macartney T, Labib KP. Reconstitution of human CMG helicase ubiquitylation by CUL2LRR1 and multiple E2 enzymes. Biochem J 2021; 478:2825-2842. [PMID: 34195792 PMCID: PMC8331092 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cullin ubiquitin ligases drive replisome disassembly during DNA replication termination. In worm, frog and mouse cells, CUL2LRR1 is required to ubiquitylate the MCM7 subunit of the CMG helicase. Here, we show that cullin ligases also drive CMG-MCM7 ubiquitylation in human cells, thereby making the helicase into a substrate for the p97 unfoldase. Using purified human proteins, including a panel of E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, we have reconstituted CMG helicase ubiquitylation, dependent upon neddylated CUL2LRR1. The reaction is highly specific to CMG-MCM7 and requires the LRR1 substrate targeting subunit, since replacement of LRR1 with the alternative CUL2 adaptor VHL switches ubiquitylation from CMG-MCM7 to HIF1. CUL2LRR1 firstly drives monoubiquitylation of CMG-MCM7 by the UBE2D class of E2 enzymes. Subsequently, CUL2LRR1 activates UBE2R1/R2 or UBE2G1/G2 to extend a single K48-linked ubiquitin chain on CMG-MCM7. Thereby, CUL2LRR1 converts CMG into a substrate for p97, which disassembles the ubiquitylated helicase during DNA replication termination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Thi Le
- The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Johanna Ainsworth
- The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Cristian Polo Rivera
- The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Thomas Macartney
- The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Karim P.M. Labib
- The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
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4
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Villa F, Fujisawa R, Ainsworth J, Nishimura K, Lie‐A‐Ling M, Lacaud G, Labib KPM. CUL2 LRR1 , TRAIP and p97 control CMG helicase disassembly in the mammalian cell cycle. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52164. [PMID: 33590678 PMCID: PMC7926238 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202052164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic replisome is disassembled in each cell cycle, dependent upon ubiquitylation of the CMG helicase. Studies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans and Xenopus laevis have revealed surprising evolutionary diversity in the ubiquitin ligases that control CMG ubiquitylation, but regulated disassembly of the mammalian replisome has yet to be explored. Here, we describe a model system for studying the ubiquitylation and chromatin extraction of the mammalian CMG replisome, based on mouse embryonic stem cells. We show that the ubiquitin ligase CUL2LRR1 is required for ubiquitylation of the CMG-MCM7 subunit during S-phase, leading to disassembly by the p97 ATPase. Moreover, a second pathway of CMG disassembly is activated during mitosis, dependent upon the TRAIP ubiquitin ligase that is mutated in primordial dwarfism and mis-regulated in various cancers. These findings indicate that replisome disassembly in diverse metazoa is regulated by a conserved pair of ubiquitin ligases, distinct from those present in other eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Villa
- The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation UnitSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Ryo Fujisawa
- The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation UnitSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Johanna Ainsworth
- The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation UnitSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Kohei Nishimura
- The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation UnitSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
- Division of Biological ScienceGraduate School of ScienceNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Michael Lie‐A‐Ling
- Cancer Research U.K. Manchester InstituteThe University of ManchesterAlderley ParkUK
| | - Georges Lacaud
- Cancer Research U.K. Manchester InstituteThe University of ManchesterAlderley ParkUK
| | - Karim PM Labib
- The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation UnitSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
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5
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Yang Y, Ma S, Ye Z, Zhou X. MCM7 silencing promotes cutaneous melanoma cell autophagy and apoptosis by inactivating the AKT1/mTOR signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:1283-1294. [PMID: 31535400 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) has become a major public health concern. Studies illustrate that minichromosome maintenance protein 7 (MCM7) participate in various diseases including skin disease. Our study aimed to study the effects of MCM7 silencing on CM cell autophagy and apoptosis by modulating the AKT threonine kinase 1 (AKT1)/mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR) signaling pathway. Initially, microarray analysis was used to screen the CM-related gene expression data as well as differentially expressed genes. Subsequently, MCM7 expression vector and lentivirus RNA used for MCM7 silencing (LV-shRNA-MCM7) were constructed, and these vectors, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and AKT activator SC79 were then introduced into CM cell line SK-MEL-2 to validate the role of MCM7 in cell autophagy, viability, apoptosis, cell cycle, migration, and invasion. To further investigate the regulatory mechanisms of MCM7 in CM progress, the expression of MCM7, AKT1, mTOR, cyclin D1, as well as autophagy and apoptosis relative factors, such as LC3B, SOD2, DJ-1, p62, Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 in melanoma cells was determined. MCM7 might mediate the AKT1/mTOR signaling pathway to influence the progress of melanoma. MCM7 silencing contributed to the increased expression of Bax, capase-3, and autophagy-related genes (LC3B, SOD2, and DJ-1), but decreased the expression of Bcl-2, which suggested that MCM7 silencing promoted autophagy and cell apoptosis. At the same time, MCM7 silencing also attenuated cell viability, invasion, and migration, and reduced the cyclin D1 expression and protein levels of p-AKT1 and p-mTOR. Taken together, MCM7 silencing inhibited CM via inactivation of the AKT1/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yemei Yang
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengfang Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Baoshihua Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zi Ye
- College of Information and Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania
| | - Xianyi Zhou
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Eichelberg MR, Welch R, Guidry JT, Ali A, Ohashi M, Makielski KR, McChesney K, Van Sciver N, Lambert PF, Keleș S, Kenney SC, Scott RS, Johannsen E. Epstein-Barr Virus Infection Promotes Epithelial Cell Growth by Attenuating Differentiation-Dependent Exit from the Cell Cycle. mBio 2019; 10:e01332-19. [PMID: 31431547 PMCID: PMC6703421 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01332-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus that is associated with lymphomas as well as nasopharyngeal and gastric carcinomas. Although carcinomas account for almost 90% of EBV-associated cancers, progress in examining EBV's role in their pathogenesis has been limited by difficulty in establishing latent infection in nontransformed epithelial cells. Recently, EBV infection of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)-immortalized normal oral keratinocytes (NOKs) has emerged as a model that recapitulates aspects of EBV infection in vivo, such as differentiation-associated viral replication. Using uninfected NOKs and NOKs infected with the Akata strain of EBV (NOKs-Akata), we examined changes in gene expression due to EBV infection and differentiation. Latent EBV infection produced very few significant gene expression changes in undifferentiated NOKs but significantly reduced the extent of differentiation-induced gene expression changes. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that differentiation-induced downregulation of the cell cycle and metabolism pathways was markedly attenuated in NOKs-Akata relative to that in uninfected NOKs. We also observed that pathways induced by differentiation were less upregulated in NOKs-Akata. We observed decreased differentiation markers and increased suprabasal MCM7 expression in NOKs-Akata versus NOKs when both were grown in raft cultures, consistent with our transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) results. These effects were also observed in NOKs infected with a replication-defective EBV mutant (AkataΔRZ), implicating mechanisms other than lytic-gene-induced host shutoff. Our results help to define the mechanisms by which EBV infection alters keratinocyte differentiation and provide a basis for understanding the role of EBV in epithelial cancers.IMPORTANCE Latent infection by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an early event in the development of EBV-associated carcinomas. In oral epithelial tissues, EBV establishes a lytic infection of differentiated epithelial cells to facilitate the spread of the virus to new hosts. Because of limitations in existing model systems, the effects of latent EBV infection on undifferentiated and differentiating epithelial cells are poorly understood. Here, we characterize latent infection of an hTERT-immortalized oral epithelial cell line (NOKs). We find that although EBV expresses a latency pattern similar to that seen in EBV-associated carcinomas, infection of undifferentiated NOKs results in differential expression of a small number of host genes. In differentiating NOKs, however, EBV has a more substantial effect, reducing the extent of differentiation and delaying the exit from the cell cycle. This effect may synergize with preexisting cellular abnormalities to prevent exit from the cell cycle, representing a critical step in the development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Eichelberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rene Welch
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - J Tod Guidry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, LSUHSC-S, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Makoto Ohashi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kathleen R Makielski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kyle McChesney
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nicholas Van Sciver
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Paul F Lambert
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sündüz Keleș
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Shannon C Kenney
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rona S Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, LSUHSC-S, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Eric Johannsen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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7
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Wu RA, Semlow DR, Kamimae-Lanning AN, Kochenova OV, Chistol G, Hodskinson MR, Amunugama R, Sparks JL, Wang M, Deng L, Mimoso CA, Low E, Patel KJ, Walter JC. TRAIP is a master regulator of DNA interstrand crosslink repair. Nature 2019; 567:267-272. [PMID: 30842657 PMCID: PMC6417926 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cells often use multiple pathways to repair the same DNA lesion, and the choice of pathway has substantial implications for the fidelity of genome maintenance. DNA interstrand crosslinks covalently link the two strands of DNA, and thereby block replication and transcription; the cytotoxicity of these crosslinks is exploited for chemotherapy. In Xenopus egg extracts, the collision of replication forks with interstrand crosslinks initiates two distinct repair pathways. NEIL3 glycosylase can cleave the crosslink1; however, if this fails, Fanconi anaemia proteins incise the phosphodiester backbone that surrounds the interstrand crosslink, generating a double-strand-break intermediate that is repaired by homologous recombination2. It is not known how the simpler NEIL3 pathway is prioritized over the Fanconi anaemia pathway, which can cause genomic rearrangements. Here we show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAIP is required for both pathways. When two replisomes converge at an interstrand crosslink, TRAIP ubiquitylates the replicative DNA helicase CMG (the complex of CDC45, MCM2-7 and GINS). Short ubiquitin chains recruit NEIL3 through direct binding, whereas longer chains are required for the unloading of CMG by the p97 ATPase, which enables the Fanconi anaemia pathway. Thus, TRAIP controls the choice between the two known pathways of replication-coupled interstrand-crosslink repair. These results, together with our other recent findings3,4 establish TRAIP as a master regulator of CMG unloading and the response of the replisome to obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Alex Wu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel R Semlow
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Olga V Kochenova
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gheorghe Chistol
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ravindra Amunugama
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justin L Sparks
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meng Wang
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lin Deng
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claudia A Mimoso
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Low
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ketan J Patel
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Johannes C Walter
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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8
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Hashimoto Y, Tanaka H. Mitotic entry drives replisome disassembly at stalled replication forks. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:108-113. [PMID: 30340827 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The disassembly of eukaryotic replisome during replication termination is mediated by CRL-dependent poly-ubiquitylation of Mcm7 and p97 segregase. The replisome also disassembles at stalled or collapsed replication forks under certain stress conditions, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we discovered a novel pathway driving stepwise disassembly of the replisome at stalled replication forks after forced entry into M-phase using Xenopus egg extracts. This pathway was dependent on M-CDK activity and K48- and K63-linked poly-ubiquitylation but not on CRL and p97, which is different from known pathways. Furthermore, this pathway could not disassemble converged replisomes whose Mcm7 subunit had been poly-ubiquitylated without p97. These results suggest that there is a distinctive pathway for replisome disassembly when stalled replication forks persist into M-phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitami Hashimoto
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
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9
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Abstract
DNA replication transforms cohesin rings dynamically associated with chromatin into the cohesive form to establish sister-chromatid cohesion. Here, we show that, in human cells, cohesin loading onto chromosomes during early S phase requires the replicative helicase MCM2-7 and the kinase DDK. Cohesin and its loader SCC2/4 (NIPBL/MAU2 in humans) associate with DDK and phosphorylated MCM2-7. This binding does not require MCM2-7 activation by CDC45 and GINS, but its persistence on activated MCM2-7 requires fork-stabilizing replisome components. Inactivation of these replisome components impairs cohesin loading and causes interphase cohesion defects. Interfering with Okazaki fragment processing or nucleosome assembly does not impact cohesion. Therefore, MCM2-7-coupled cohesin loading promotes cohesion establishment, which occurs without Okazaki fragment maturation. We propose that the cohesin-loader complex bound to MCM2-7 is mobilized upon helicase activation, transiently held by the replisome, and deposited behind the replication fork to encircle sister chromatids and establish cohesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zheng
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Mohammed Kanchwala
- Bioinformatics Lab, Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and DevelopmentUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Chao Xing
- Bioinformatics Lab, Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and DevelopmentUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Department of Clinical SciencesUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Department of BioinformaticsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Hongtao Yu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
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Garbicz F, Mehlich D, Rak B, Sajjad E, Maksymowicz M, Paskal W, Zieliński G, Włodarski PK. Increased expression of the microRNA 106b~25 cluster and its host gene MCM7 in corticotroph pituitary adenomas is associated with tumor invasion and Crooke's cell morphology. Pituitary 2017; 20:450-463. [PMID: 28432562 PMCID: PMC5508039 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-017-0805-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE MCM7 (minichromosome maintenance complex component 7), a DNA replication licensing factor, is a host gene for the oncogenic miR-106b~25 cluster. It has been recently revealed as a relevant prognostic biomarker in a variety of cancers, including pituitary adenomas. The purpose of this study was to assess whether miR-106b~25 and MCM7 levels correlate with tumor invasiveness in a cohort of ACTH-immunopositive adenomas. METHODS Tissue samples were obtained intraoperatively from 25 patients with pituitary adenoma. Tumor invasiveness was assessed according to the Knosp grading scale. MCM7, Ki-67 and TP53 levels were assessed by immunohistochemical staining, while the expression of miR-106b-5p, miR-93-5p, miR-93-3p and miR-25-3p were measured using quantitative real-time PCR performed on RNA isolated from FFPE tissues. RESULTS We have found a significant increase in MCM7 and Ki-67 labeling indices in invasive ACTHomas. Moreover, MCM7 was ubiquitously overexpressed in Crooke's cell adenomas. The expression of miR-93-5p was significantly elevated in invasive compared to noninvasive tumors. In addition, all four microRNAs from the miR-106b~25 cluster displayed marked upregulation in Crooke's cell adenomas. Remarkably, MCM7 and miR-106b-5p both strongly correlated with Knosp grade. A combination of MCM7 LI and miR-106b~25 cluster expression was able to accurately differentiate invasive from noninvasive tumors and had a significant discriminatory ability to predict postoperative tumor recurrence/progression. CONCLUSIONS miR-106b~25 and its host gene MCM7 are potential novel biomarkers for invasive ACTH-immunopositive pituitary adenomas. Additionally, they are both significantly upregulated in rare Crooke's cell adenomas and might therefore contribute to their aggressive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Garbicz
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dawid Mehlich
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Rak
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Internal Diseases and Endocrinology, Public Central Teaching Hospital Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emir Sajjad
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Maksymowicz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, M. Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiktor Paskal
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Zieliński
- Department of Neurosurgery, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł K Włodarski
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland.
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11
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Gonzaga ACR, Campolina-Silva GH, Werneck-Gomes H, Moura-Cordeiro JD, Santos LC, Mahecha GAB, Morais-Santos M, Oliveira CA. Profile of cell proliferation and apoptosis activated by the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways in the prostate of aging rats. Prostate 2017; 77:937-948. [PMID: 28480526 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogens acting through the receptors ERα and ERβ participate in prostate normal growth and cancer. ERβ is highly expressed in the prostate epithelium, playing pro-apoptotic, anti-proliferative, and pro-differentiation roles. Apoptosis is activated by the intrinsic pathway after castration and by the extrinsic pathway after ERβ agonist treatment. This differential activation of apoptotic pathways is important since a major problem in the treatment of prostate cancer is the recurrence of tumors after androgen withdrawal. However, a comprehensive study about the pattern of apoptosis in the aging prostate is lacking, a knowledge gap that we aimed to address herein. METHODS Cellular age-related proliferative and apoptotic profiles of prostate tissue obtained from aging Wistar rats were evaluated. Cell death (caspase-3, -8, -9, TNFα) was assessed by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and TUNEL. Cell proliferation (MCM7) and cell survival factors (ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2, p-Akt, and NF-κB) were determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS As the rats aged, the number of proliferating cells gradually reduced in the normal epithelium of all prostate lobes, while increasing in focal areas of intraepithelial proliferation. Interestingly, in areas of intraepithelial proliferation, we observed a reduction in the number of cells positive for caspase-3, -8, and -9. Regardless the animal's age, few prostate epithelial cells were positive for caspase-3, caspase-9, and TUNEL. In contrast, a progressive increase was seen in the positivity for caspase-8, especially in the atrophic epithelium of ventral prostate, which coincided with a reduction in TNFα immunoreaction. However, morphology of most caspase-8 positive cells suggests that they were not apoptotic. We also found reduced ERβ expression in the same areas. Possibly, low levels of the pro-apoptotic inductors TNFα and ERβ direct caspase-8 activity to an alternative pro-survival role in the atrophic epithelium. This hypothesis is supported by the increased expression of the key survival factors (ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2, p-Akt, and NF-κB) in these areas. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that, as the animals age, there is an increase of proliferation in restricted areas of the prostate epithelium, and a concomitant reduction of the apoptosis rate with an increase in cell survival induced by caspase-8, indicating a focused and spontaneous disruption of tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C R Gonzaga
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gabriel H Campolina-Silva
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hipácia Werneck-Gomes
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Júnia D Moura-Cordeiro
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Letícia C Santos
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Germán A B Mahecha
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mônica Morais-Santos
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cleida A Oliveira
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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12
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Tatsumi R, Ishimi Y. An MCM4 mutation detected in cancer cells affects MCM4/6/7 complex formation. J Biochem 2017; 161:259-268. [PMID: 27794528 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvw065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An MCM4 mutation detected in human cancer cells from endometrium was characterized. The mutation of G486D is located within MCM-box and the glycine at 486 in human MCM4 is conserved in Saccharomyces cerevisiae MCM4 and Sulfolobus solfataricus MCM. This MCM4 mutation affected human MCM4/6/7 complex formation, since the complex containing the mutant MCM4 protein is unstable and the mutant MCM4 protein is tend to be degraded. It is likely that the MCM4 mutation affects the interaction with MCM7 to destabilize the MCM4/6/7 complex. Cells with abnormal nuclear morphology were detected when the mutant MCM4 was expressed in HeLa cells, suggesting that DNA replication was perturbed in the presence of the mutant MCM4. Role of the conserved amino acid in MCM4 function is discussed.
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13
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Lo Sardo F, Forcato M, Sacconi A, Capaci V, Zanconato F, Di Agostino S, Del Sal G, Pandolfi PP, Strano S, Bicciato S, Blandino G. MCM7 and its hosted miR-25, 93 and 106b cluster elicit YAP/TAZ oncogenic activity in lung cancer. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:64-75. [PMID: 27797825 PMCID: PMC6276925 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the first cause of cancer death worldwide and the Hippo pathway transcriptional coactivators YAP/TAZ have a pro-oncogenic role in this context. In order to understand the mechanisms through which YAP/TAZ elicit their oncogenic role in different systems, many studies are focused on YAP/TAZ target genes involved in the regulation of cell proliferation/survival and migration. However, there is scarce evidence on the role of YAP/TAZ in microRNA regulation while there is increasing evidence supporting the role of microRNAs in the main oncogenic processes. Here, we showed that YAP/TAZ were able to regulate several microRNAs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. In detail, we focused on a cluster of three oncogenic microRNAs (miR-25, 93 and 106b) hosted in the MCM7 gene that were overexpressed in lung tumors compared to normal tissues. In addition, similar behavior was observed in breast cancer and head and neck tumor casuistries, where they showed a prognostic role. In NSCLC cells, YAP/TAZ induced the transcription of the MCM7 gene and its hosted miRs, thereby promoting cell proliferation through the post-transcriptional inhibition of the p21 cell cycle regulator. Accordingly, p21 was maintained at low levels in lung tumors compared to normal tissues. Conversely, its expression was restored in NSCLC cells upon YAP/TAZ interference or upon treatment with the statin cerivastatin. In summary, we provide evidence for a novel mechanism of modulation supporting the protumorigenic functions of the YAP/TAZ factors through the modulation of a bioncogenic locus consisting of one gene and three hosted microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mattia Forcato
- Department of Life Sciences, Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 287, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Capaci
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Zanconato
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, 35126 Padua, Italy
| | | | - Giannino Del Sal
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita-Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Division of Genetics Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, CLS Building, Room 401 330 Brookline Avenue Boston, MA 02215, USA and
| | - Sabrina Strano
- Molecular Chemoprevention Group, Molecular Medicine Area Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 287, 41100 Modena, Italy
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14
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Wang Z, Zhu F. Minichromosome maintenance protein 7 regulates phagocytosis in kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicas against white spot syndrome virus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2016; 55:293-303. [PMID: 27276115 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Minichromosome maintenance protein (MCM7) belongs to the MCM protein family and participates in the MCM complex by playing a role in the cell replication cycle and chromosome initiation of eukaryotes. Previously, we found that several genes, including MCM7, were over-expressed in Drosophila melanogaster after white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. In this study, we aimed to further research the MCM7 of kuruma shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicus (mjMCM7) and determine its role in the innate immune system. To this end, we cloned the entire 2307-bp mjMCM7 sequence, including a 1974-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 658-aa-long protein. Real-time PCR showed that the gene was primarily expressed in the hemolymph and hepatopancreas and over-expressed in shrimp challenged with WSSV. Gene function study was carried out by knocking down the expression of MCM7 using small interference RNA (siRNA). The results revealed that β-actin, hemocyanin, prophenoloxidase (proPO) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were up-regulated while the cytoskeleton proteins such as myosin and Rho were significantly down-regulated at 24 h after treatment. The results indicate a possible relationship between mjMCM7 and the innate immune system, and suggest that mjMCM7 may play a role in phagocytosis. After WSSV challenge, WSSV copies and mortality count were both higher in the MCM7-siRNA-treated groups at 60 h after treatment, and the mortality count approached that of the control groups over time. The phagocytosis rate was significantly lower in the MCM7-siRNA-treated group than in the WSSV group. The findings of this study confirm that mjMCM7 positively regulates phagocytosis and plays an important role against WSSV. These results could help researchers to further understand the function of the MCM7 protein and reveal its potential role in the innate immunity of invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Fei Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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15
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Huang Y, Amin A, Qin Y, Wang Z, Jiang H, Liang L, Shi L, Liang C. A Role of hIPI3 in DNA Replication Licensing in Human Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151803. [PMID: 27057756 PMCID: PMC4825987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The yeast Ipi3p is required for DNA replication and cell viability in Sacharomyces cerevisiae. It is an essential component of the Rix1 complex (Rix1p/Ipi2p-Ipi1p-Ipi3p) that is required for the processing of 35S pre-rRNA in pre-60S ribosomal particles and for the initiation of DNA replication. The human IPI3 homolog is WDR18 (WD repeat domain 18), which shares significant homology with yIpi3p. Here we report that knockdown of hIPI3 resulted in substantial defects in the chromatin association of the MCM complex, DNA replication, cell cycle progression and cell proliferation. Importantly, hIPI3 silencing did not result in a reduction of the protein level of hCDC6, hMCM7, or the ectopically expressed GFP protein, indicating that protein synthesis was not defective in the same time frame of the DNA replication and cell cycle defects. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein levels of hIPI3 fluctuate in the cell cycle, with the highest levels from M phase to early G1 phase, similar to other pre-replicative (pre-RC) proteins. Moreover, hIPI3 interacts with other replication-initiation proteins, co-localizes with hMCM7 in the nucleus, and is important for the nuclear localization of hMCM7. We also found that hIPI3 preferentially binds to the origins of DNA replication including those at the c-Myc, Lamin-B2 and β-Globin loci. These results indicate that hIPI3 is involved in human DNA replication licensing independent of its role in ribosome biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Huang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen-PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research and State Key Lab for Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aftab Amin
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research and State Key Lab for Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research and State Key Lab for Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen-PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research and State Key Lab for Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huadong Jiang
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research and State Key Lab for Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lu Liang
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research and State Key Lab for Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Linjing Shi
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research and State Key Lab for Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun Liang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen-PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research and State Key Lab for Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
- Intelgen Ltd., Hong Kong-Guangzhou-Foshan, China
- * E-mail:
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16
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Coli A, Asa SL, Fadda G, Scannone D, Chiloiro S, De Marinis L, Lauretti L, Ranelletti FO, Lauriola L. Minichromosome maintenance protein 7 as prognostic marker of tumor aggressiveness in pituitary adenoma patients. Eur J Endocrinol 2016; 174:307-14. [PMID: 26620390 DOI: 10.1530/eje-15-0586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ki-67 labeling index (LI) is currently regarded as a useful prognostic marker of pituitary adenoma (PA) clinical behavior, although its relevance as a reliable clinical indicator is far from being universally accepted, since both validations and criticisms are found in the literature. Minichromosome maintenance 7 (MCM7), a cell-cycle regulator protein, has been recently proposed as a marker of tumor aggressiveness in tumors from many sites, including the CNS. Therefore, we evaluated MCM7, in comparison to Ki-67, as a potential marker of clinical outcome in PA. DESIGN AND METHODS In this single-institution retrospective study, 97 patients with PA (23 ACTH, 12 GH, 29 PRL, 10 FSH/LH, and 23 non-secreting adenomas) were recruited and the prognostic value of both MCM7 and Ki-67 was evaluated by immunohistochemical techniques. In addition, p53 nuclear expression and mitotic index were also evaluated. RESULTS Twenty-six of the 97 PA patients recurred during the follow-up period. Cox's regression analysis showed that high nuclear expression of MCM7 LI, unlike Ki-67 LI, was directly associated with a higher (7.7-fold) risk of recurrence/progression. Kaplan-Meier analysis of recurrence/progression-free survival curves revealed that patients with high MCM7 LI (≥15%) had a shorter recurrence/progression-free survival than those with low MCM7 LI (<15%). Moreover, among patients with invasive tumors, high MCM7 LI identified those with the highest risk of recurrence/progression. CONCLUSIONS Data from this study suggest that MCM7 is a prognostic marker of clinical outcome in PA patients, more reliable and informative than Ki-67.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Coli
- Department of Anatomic PathologyCatholic University, Largo F Vito 1, 00168 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartments of EndocrinologyNeurosurgeryHistologyCatholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sylvia L Asa
- Department of Anatomic PathologyCatholic University, Largo F Vito 1, 00168 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartments of EndocrinologyNeurosurgeryHistologyCatholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Fadda
- Department of Anatomic PathologyCatholic University, Largo F Vito 1, 00168 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartments of EndocrinologyNeurosurgeryHistologyCatholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Scannone
- Department of Anatomic PathologyCatholic University, Largo F Vito 1, 00168 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartments of EndocrinologyNeurosurgeryHistologyCatholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Chiloiro
- Department of Anatomic PathologyCatholic University, Largo F Vito 1, 00168 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartments of EndocrinologyNeurosurgeryHistologyCatholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura De Marinis
- Department of Anatomic PathologyCatholic University, Largo F Vito 1, 00168 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartments of EndocrinologyNeurosurgeryHistologyCatholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Liverana Lauretti
- Department of Anatomic PathologyCatholic University, Largo F Vito 1, 00168 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartments of EndocrinologyNeurosurgeryHistologyCatholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco O Ranelletti
- Department of Anatomic PathologyCatholic University, Largo F Vito 1, 00168 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartments of EndocrinologyNeurosurgeryHistologyCatholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Libero Lauriola
- Department of Anatomic PathologyCatholic University, Largo F Vito 1, 00168 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartments of EndocrinologyNeurosurgeryHistologyCatholic University, Rome, Italy
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Karavias D, Maroulis I, Papadaki H, Gogos C, Kakkos S, Karavias D, Bravou V. Overexpression of CDT1 Is a Predictor of Poor Survival in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Gastrointest Surg 2016; 20:568-79. [PMID: 26408331 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-015-2960-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic instability is a common feature in hepatocellular carcinoma. Deregulation of replication licensing factors has been shown to trigger DNA damage response contributing to genomic instability. Overexpression of DNA replication licensing factors chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1 (CDT1) and minichromosome maintenance complex component 7 (MCM7) has been previously reported in several human cancers. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression and prognostic significance of CDT1 and MCM7 in association with DNA damage response markers and p53 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS Expression of CDT1, MCM7, p-H2A histone family member X (H2AX), phospho-ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM)/ataxia telangiectasia rad3-related (ATR) substrate, and p53 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded surgical specimens from 111 patients who underwent hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate associations between the studied proteins, clinicopathological parameters, and patient survival. RESULTS CDT1 expression correlated with p-H2AX (p = 0.038), while MCM7 correlated with p-H2AX and phospho-ATM/ATR substrate (p < 0.001). Increased CDT1 expression was associated with higher tumor grade (p = 0.006) and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (p = 0.033). High CDT1 expression correlated significantly with reduced overall survival (60.8 and 26.5 % vs 82.8 and 53.0 %, for low CDT1 expression, at 2 and 5 years, respectively, p = 0.012) and was identified by multivariate analysis as an independent predictor of poor overall survival (p = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of CDT1 and MCM7 in hepatocellular carcinoma correlates with DNA damage response, and CDT1 overexpression is a significant prognostic biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Karavias
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Patras, Rio, 26500, Greece.
| | - Ioannis Maroulis
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Patras, Rio, 26500, Greece
| | - Helen Papadaki
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Charalambos Gogos
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Stavros Kakkos
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | | | - Vasiliki Bravou
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
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Jankowska-Konsur A, Kobierzycki C, Reich A, Grzegrzolka J, Maj J, Dziegiel P. Expression of MCM-3 and MCM-7 in Primary Cutaneous T-cell Lymphomas. Anticancer Res 2015; 35:6017-6026. [PMID: 26504025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas is a group of rare non-Hodgkin lymphomas, originally affecting the skin. Increased proliferation activity is a hallmark of diverse tumors and the proliferation rate, measured by the expression of various markers has a predictive value regarding the malignancy course. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic value and the potential correlation between the expression of proliferation markers Ki-67, MCM-3 and MCM-7, and clinicopathological data for different types of primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemical reactions were performed on paraffin blocks obtained from 90 patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) and 21 patients with other CTCL (oCTCL), in comparison to 19 patients with benign inflammatory dermatosis (lichen planus, eczema), serving as control. RESULTS Statistically significant differences in the expression of Ki-67, MCM-3 and MCM-7 were observed between oCTCL vs. the control group (29% vs. 5%; 17% vs. 5%; 13% vs. 1.5%, respectively, ANOVA with Scheffé post-hoc test: p<0.01). In both, MF and oCTCL Ki-67 expression highly correlated with the expression of MCM-3 (r=0.83; p<0.001 and r=0.91; p<0.001, respectively) and MCM-7 (r=0.84; p<0.001 and r=0.87; p<0.01, respectively; Pearson correlation test). Similarly, a strong positive correlation was observed between MCM-3 and MCM-7 (r=0.81, p<0.001 and r=0.85, p<0.001). Regarding the MF group, Ki-67 and MCM-3 expression was significantly higher in advanced compared to early stages (11% vs. 3% and 15.5% vs. 5.0%, respectively, Student's t-test: p<0.05). Advanced MF had also significantly higher labeling indexes for Ki-67, MCM-3 and MCM-7 compared to benign inflammatory dermatoses (Student's t-test: p<0.01, p<0.001 and p=0.02, respectively). Considering skin involvement in MF, T1b had a significantly higher expression of Ki-67, MCM-3 and MCM-7 than T1a (p<0.001 for all comparisons) with similar observations between T2b and T2a (p=0.02; p<0.01; p=0.01, respectively, Student's t-test test). Regarding extracutaneous involvement, only MCM-3 expression in MF showed a positive relationship with both nodal and distant metastases (ANOVA with Scheffé post hoc test: p<0.01, p<0.01, respectively). Higher Ki-67 and MCM-3 expression correlated with shorter survival in MF, although the latter did not reach statistical significance (10-year survival 0.38 vs. 0.82, p=0.02, and 0.46 vs. 0.81, p=0.06, respectively; log rank test). CONCLUSION All studied proliferation markers may had predictive values regarding the disease severity and prognosis. Further studies are required to analyze their implementation into patient stratification and treatment process such that will improve prognosis in CTCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Jankowska-Konsur
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Christopher Kobierzycki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland Department of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adam Reich
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jedrzej Grzegrzolka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Maj
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Dziegiel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland Department of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, Wroclaw, Poland
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Abstract
The initiation of eukaryotic DNA replication is a highly regulated process conserved from yeast to human. The past decade has seen significant advances in understanding how the CMG (Cdc45‐MCM‐GINS) replicative helicase is loaded onto DNA. However, very little was known on how this complex is removed from chromatin at the end of S phase. Two papers in a recent issue of Science [1], [2] show that in yeast and in Xenopus, the CMG complex is unloaded at replication termination sites by an active mechanism involving the polyubiquitylation of Mcm7.
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Guo W, Wu Z, Song J, Jiang F, Wang Z, Deng S, Walker VK, Zhou S. Juvenile hormone-receptor complex acts on mcm4 and mcm7 to promote polyploidy and vitellogenesis in the migratory locust. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004702. [PMID: 25340846 PMCID: PMC4207617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH), a sesquiterpenoid produced by the corpora allata, coordinates insect growth, metamorphosis, and reproduction. While JH action for the repression of larval metamorphosis has been well studied, the molecular basis of JH in promoting adult reproduction has not been fully elucidated. Methoprene-tolerant (Met), the JH receptor, has been recently shown to mediate JH action during metamorphosis as well as in vitellogenesis, but again, the precise mechanism underlying the latter has been lacking. We have now demonstrated using Met RNAi to phenocopy a JH-deprived condition in migratory locusts, that JH stimulates DNA replication and increases ploidy in preparation for vitellogenesis. Mcm4 and Mcm7, two genes in the DNA replication pathway were expressed in the presence of JH and Met. Depletion of Mcm4 or Mcm7 inhibited de novo DNA synthesis and polyploidization, and resulted in the substantial reduction of vitellogenin mRNA levels as well as severely impaired oocyte maturation and ovarian growth. By using luciferase reporter and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we have shown that Met directly regulates the transcription of Mcm4 and Mcm7 by binding to upstream consensus sequences with E-box or E-box-like motifs. Our work suggests that the JH-receptor complex acts on Mcm4 and Mcm7 to regulate DNA replication and polyploidy for vitellogenesis and oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongxia Wu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jiasheng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Shutang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Bellelli R, Castellone MD, Guida T, Limongello R, Dathan NA, Merolla F, Cirafici AM, Affuso A, Masai H, Costanzo V, Grieco D, Fusco A, Santoro M, Carlomagno F. NCOA4 transcriptional coactivator inhibits activation of DNA replication origins. Mol Cell 2014; 55:123-37. [PMID: 24910095 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
NCOA4 is a transcriptional coactivator of nuclear hormone receptors that undergoes gene rearrangement in human cancer. By combining studies in Xenopus laevis egg extracts and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), we show here that NCOA4 is a minichromosome maintenance 7 (MCM7)-interacting protein that is able to control DNA replication. Depletion-reconstitution experiments in Xenopus laevis egg extracts indicate that NCOA4 acts as an inhibitor of DNA replication origin activation by regulating CMG (CDC45/MCM2-7/GINS) helicase. NCOA4(-/-) MEFs display unscheduled origin activation and reduced interorigin distance; this results in replication stress, as shown by the presence of fork stalling, reduction of fork speed, and premature senescence. Together, our findings indicate that NCOA4 acts as a regulator of DNA replication origins that helps prevent inappropriate DNA synthesis and replication stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bellelli
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR/Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II," 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Domenica Castellone
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR/Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II," 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Guida
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR/Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II," 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Limongello
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR/Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II," 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Merolla
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR/Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II," 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Cirafici
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR/Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II," 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Affuso
- Animal Model Facility, Biogem s.c.a.r.l., 83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Hisao Masai
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Sciences, 156-8506 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Vincenzo Costanzo
- London Research Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, Blanche Lane, South Mimms EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Domenico Grieco
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR/Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II," 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Fusco
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR/Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II," 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Santoro
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR/Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II," 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesca Carlomagno
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR/Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II," 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Tan W, Li Y, Lim SG, Tan TMC. miR-106b-25/miR-17-92 clusters: Polycistrons with oncogenic roles in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:5962-5972. [PMID: 24876719 PMCID: PMC4033436 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i20.5962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small endogenously expressed RNA molecules which are involved in the process of silencing gene expression through translational regulation. The polycistronic miR-17-92 cluster is the first microRNA cluster shown to play a role in tumorigenesis. It has two other paralogs in the human genome, the miR-106b-25 cluster and the miR-106a-363 cluster. Collectively, the microRNAs encoded by these clusters can be further grouped based on the seed sequences into four families, namely the miR-17, the miR-92, the miR-18 and the miR-19 families. Over-expression of the miR-106b-25 and miR-17-92 clusters has been reported not only during the development of cirrhosis but also subsequently during the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Members of these clusters have also been shown to affect the replication of hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses. Various targets of these microRNAs have been identified, and these targets are involved in tumor growth, cell survival and metastasis. In this review, we first describe the regulation of these clusters by c-Myc and E2F1, and how the members of these clusters in turn regulate E2F1 expression forming an auto-regulatory loop. In addition, the roles of the various members of the clusters in affecting relevant target gene expression in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma will also be discussed.
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Gu S, Yang H, Qi Y, Deng X, Zhang L, Guo Y, Huang Q, Li J, Shi X, Song Z, Deng H. Novel ATPase Cu(2+) transporting beta polypeptide mutations in Chinese families with Wilson's disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66526. [PMID: 23843956 PMCID: PMC3699604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilson's disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder caused by mutations in the ATPase Cu(2+) transporting beta polypeptide gene (ATP7B). The detailed metabolism of copper-induced pathology in WD is still unknown. Gene mutations as well as the possible pathways involved in the ATP7B deficiency were documented. The ATP7B gene was analyzed for mutations in 18 Chinese Han families with WD by direct sequencing. Cell viability and apoptosis analysis of ATP7B small interfering RNA (siRNA)-treated human liver carcinoma (HepG2) cells were measured by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and Hoechst 33342 staining. Finally, the expression of B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (BCL2), BCL2-associated X protein (BAX), sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1), and minichromosome maintenance protein 7 (MCM7) of ATP7B siRNA-treated cells were tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) and Western blot analysis. Twenty different mutations including four novel mutations (p.Val145Phe, p.Glu388X, p.Thr498Ser and p.Gly837X) in the ATP7B gene were identified in our families. Haplotype analysis revealed that founder effects for four mutations (p.Arg778Leu, p.Pro992Leu, p.Ile1148Thr and p.Ala1295Val) existed in these families. Transfection of HepG2 cells with ATP7B siRNA resulted in decreased mRNA expression by 86.3%, 93.1% and 90.8%, and decreased protein levels by 58.5%, 85.5% and 82.1% at 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively (All P<0.01). In vitro study revealed that the apoptotic, cell cycle and lipid metabolism pathway may be involved in the mechanism of WD. Our results revealed that the genetic cause of 18 Chinese families with WD and ATP7B deficiency-induce apoptosis may result from imbalance in cell cycle and lipid metabolism pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojuan Gu
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huarong Yang
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Qi
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiong Deng
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoliu Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi Song
- Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- * E-mail:
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24
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Shi L, Zhang A, Luo Y, Zhao S, Tian H, Yang Y. [Abnormal expressions of positive cell cycle control factors and thyroid carcinoma occurrence and progression]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2013; 33:1031-1035. [PMID: 23895847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between abnormal expressions of positive cell cycle control factors and thyroid carcinoma occurrence and progression, and assess the value of these factors in evaluating tumor cell proliferation activity and the prognosis of the patients. METHODS Immunohistochemical SP method was used to detect the expressions of MCM7, CDK2 and Ki-67 proteins in 50 cases of thyroid carcinoma, 30 cases of thyroid adenoma, 30 cases of nodular goiter and 20 cases of normal thyroid gland tissues. RESULTS The positive rates of MCM7, CDK2 and Ki-67 expressions in thyroid carcinoma were 100% (50/50), 80.00% (40/50) and 84.00% (42/50), significantly higher than the rates in thyroid adenoma, nodular goiter and normal thyroid tissue (P<0.01). In thyroid carcinoma tissues, positive correlations were observed between the expressions of MCM7 and CDK2 proteins (r=0.637, P<0.01), MCM7 and Ki-67 proteins (r=0.633, P<0.01), and CDK2 and Ki-67 proteins (r=0.862, P<0.01). CONCLUSION The high expressions of MCM7, CDK2 and Ki-67 protein may contribute to the development of thyroid carcinoma, and their combined examination may serve as useful index for early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of thyroid carcinoma. MCM7 is superior to Ki-67 in the evaluation of the thyroid tumor cell proliferation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shi
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, China.
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