1
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Wu Y, Jin W, Wang Q, Zhou J, Wang Y, Tan Y, Cui X, Tong F, Yang E, Wang J, Kang C. Precise editing of FGFR3-TACC3 fusion genes with CRISPR-Cas13a in glioblastoma. Mol Ther 2021; 29:3305-3318. [PMID: 34274537 PMCID: PMC8571169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
FGFR3-TACC3 (F3-T3) gene fusions are regarded as a "low-hanging fruit" paradigm for precision therapy in human glioblastoma (GBM). Small molecules designed to target the kinase in FGFR currently serve as one form of potential treatment but cause off-target effects and toxicity. Here, CRISPR-Cas13a, which is known to directly suppress gene expression at the transcriptional level and induce a collateral effect in eukaryotes, was leveraged as a possible precision therapy in cancer cells harboring F3-T3 fusion genes. A library consisting of crRNAs targeting the junction site of F3-T3 was designed, and an in silico simulation scheme was created to select the optimal crRNA candidates. An optimal crRNA, crRNA1, showed efficiency and specificity in inducing the collateral effect in only U87 cells expressing F3-T3 (U87-F3-T3). Expression profiles obtained with microarray analysis were consistent with induction of the collateral effect by the CRISPR-Cas13a system. Tumor cell proliferation and colony formation were decreased in U87-F3-T3 cells expressing the Cas13a-based tool, and tumor growth was suppressed in an orthotopic tumor model in mice. These findings demonstrate that the CRISPR-Cas13a system induces the collateral damage effect in cancer cells and provides a viable strategy for precision tumor therapy based on the customized design of a CRISPR-Cas13a-based tool against F3-T3 fusion genes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Gene Editing
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Glioblastoma/genetics
- Glioblastoma/pathology
- Heterografts
- Humans
- Hydrogen Bonding
- Mice
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/chemistry
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Models, Molecular
- Nucleic Acid Conformation
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/chemistry
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Protein Binding
- Protein Conformation
- RNA, Messenger/chemistry
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/chemistry
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Weili Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Qixue Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Junhu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yanli Tan
- Department of Pathology, Hebei University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei 071000, China; Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Xiaoteng Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Fei Tong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Eryan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, China; Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies Vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Chunsheng Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China.
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2
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Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most lethal brain cancer in adults, with no known cure. This cancer is characterized by a pronounced genetic heterogeneity, but aberrant activation of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling is among the most frequent molecular alterations in glioblastoma. Somatic mutations of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are rare in these cancers, but many studies have documented that signaling through FGFRs impacts glioblastoma progression and patient survival. Small-molecule inhibitors of FGFR tyrosine kinases are currently being trialed, underlining the therapeutic potential of blocking this signaling pathway. Nevertheless, a comprehensive overview of the state of the art of the literature on FGFRs in glioblastoma is lacking. Here, we review the evidence for the biological functions of FGFRs in glioblastoma, as well as pharmacological approaches to targeting these receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Brain Neoplasms/metabolism
- Disease Progression
- Glioblastoma/metabolism
- Humans
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/chemistry
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/physiology
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/chemistry
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/physiology
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/chemistry
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/physiology
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4/chemistry
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Jimenez-Pascual
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Florian A Siebzehnrubl
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
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3
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Bhati A, Wan S, Coveney PV. Ensemble-Based Replica Exchange Alchemical Free Energy Methods: The Effect of Protein Mutations on Inhibitor Binding. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:1265-1277. [PMID: 30592603 PMCID: PMC6447239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b01118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The accurate prediction of the binding affinity changes of drugs caused by protein mutations is a major goal in clinical personalized medicine. We have developed an ensemble-based free energy approach called thermodynamic integration with enhanced sampling (TIES), which yields accurate, precise, and reproducible binding affinities. TIES has been shown to perform well for predictions of free energy differences of congeneric ligands to a wide range of target proteins. We have recently introduced variants of TIES, which incorporate the enhanced sampling technique REST2 (replica exchange with solute tempering) and the free energy estimator MBAR (Bennett acceptance ratio). Here we further extend the TIES methodology to study relative binding affinities caused by protein mutations when bound to a ligand, a variant which we call TIES-PM. We apply TIES-PM to fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) to investigate binding free energy changes upon protein mutations. The results show that TIES-PM with REST2 successfully captures a large conformational change and generates correct free energy differences caused by a gatekeeper mutation located in the binding pocket. Simulations without REST2 fail to overcome the energy barrier between the conformations, and hence the results are highly sensitive to the initial structures. We also discuss situations where REST2 does not improve the accuracy of predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agastya
P. Bhati
- Centre for Computational Science, Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Shunzhou Wan
- Centre for Computational Science, Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter V. Coveney
- Centre for Computational Science, Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
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4
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Sanfelice D, Koss H, Bunney TD, Thompson GS, Farrell B, Katan M, Breeze AL. NMR backbone assignments of the tyrosine kinase domain of human fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 in apo state and in complex with inhibitor PD173074. Biomol NMR Assign 2018; 12:231-235. [PMID: 29582384 PMCID: PMC6132846 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-018-9814-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors receptors (FGFR) are transmembrane protein tyrosine kinases involved in many cellular process, including growth, differentiation and angiogenesis. Dysregulation of FGFR enzymatic activity is associated with developmental disorders and cancers; therefore FGFRs have become attractive targets for drug discovery, with a number of agents in late-stage clinical trials. Here, we present the backbone resonance assignments of FGFR3 tyrosine kinase domain in the ligand-free form and in complex with the canonical FGFR kinase inhibitor PD173074. Analysis of chemical shift changes upon inhibitor binding highlights a characteristic pattern of allosteric network perturbations that is of relevance for future drug discovery activities aimed at development of conformationally-selective FGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Sanfelice
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower St, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Hans Koss
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower St, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Tom D Bunney
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower St, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Gary S Thompson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Wellcome Trust Biomolecular NMR Facility, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NZ, UK
| | - Brendan Farrell
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Matilda Katan
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower St, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alexander L Breeze
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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5
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Bunney TD, Inglis AJ, Sanfelice D, Farrell B, Kerr CJ, Thompson GS, Masson GR, Thiyagarajan N, Svergun DI, Williams RL, Breeze AL, Katan M. Disease Variants of FGFR3 Reveal Molecular Basis for the Recognition and Additional Roles for Cdc37 in Hsp90 Chaperone System. Structure 2018; 26:446-458.e8. [PMID: 29478821 PMCID: PMC5846801 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase FGFR3 is involved in many signaling networks and is frequently mutated in developmental disorders and cancer. The Hsp90/Cdc37 chaperone system is essential for function of normal and neoplastic cells. Here we uncover the mechanistic inter-relationships between these proteins by combining approaches including NMR, HDX-MS, and SAXS. We show that several disease-linked mutations convert FGFR3 to a stronger client, where the determinant underpinning client strength involves an allosteric network through the N-lobe and at the lobe interface. We determine the architecture of the client kinase/Cdc37 complex and demonstrate, together with site-specific information, that binding of Cdc37 to unrelated kinases induces a common, extensive conformational remodeling of the kinase N-lobe, beyond localized changes and interactions within the binary complex. As further shown for FGFR3, this processing by Cdc37 deactivates the kinase and presents it, in a specific orientation established in the complex, for direct recognition by Hsp90.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom D Bunney
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Alison J Inglis
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Domenico Sanfelice
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Brendan Farrell
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Christopher J Kerr
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Hamburg Outstation, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gary S Thompson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Glenn R Masson
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Nethaji Thiyagarajan
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Dmitri I Svergun
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Hamburg Outstation, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roger L Williams
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Alexander L Breeze
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Matilda Katan
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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6
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Hattori A, Katoh-Fukui Y, Nakamura A, Matsubara K, Kamimaki T, Tanaka H, Dateki S, Adachi M, Muroya K, Yoshida S, Ida S, Mitani M, Nagasaki K, Ogata T, Suzuki E, Hata K, Nakabayashi K, Matsubara Y, Narumi S, Tanaka T, Fukami M. Next generation sequencing-based mutation screening of 86 patients with idiopathic short stature. Endocr J 2017; 64:947-954. [PMID: 28768959 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej17-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mutations in ACAN, FGFR3, NPR2, and SHOX typically lead to skeletal dysplasia, and mutations in GHRHR, GH1, GHR, STAT5B, IGF1, IGFALS, and IGF1R usually underlie hormonal defects of the growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) axis, such mutations have also been identified in patients with idiopathic short stature (ISS). Of these, SHOX abnormalities are known to account for a certain percentage of ISS cases, whereas the frequency of mutations in the other 10 genes in ISS cohorts remains unknown. Here, we performed next-generation sequencing-based mutation screening of the 10 genes in 86 unrelated Japanese ISS patients without SHOX abnormalities. We searched for rare protein-altering variants. The functional significance of the identified variants was assessed by in silico analyses. Consequently, we identified 18 heterozygous rare variants in 19 patients, including four probable damaging variants in ACAN, six pathogenicity-unknown variants in FGFR3, GHRHR, GHR, and IGFALS, and eight possible benign variants. Pathogenic variants in NPR2, GH1, and IGF1 were absent from our cohort. Unlike previously reported patients with ACAN mutations, our four patients with ACAN variants manifested non-specific short stature with age-appropriate or mildly delayed bone ages, and had parents of normal stature. These results indicate that ACAN mutations can underlie ISS without characteristic skeletal features, and that such mutations are possibly associated with de novo occurrence or low penetrance. In addition, our data imply that mutations in FGFR3, NPR2, and GH-IGF1 axis genes play only limited roles in the etiology of ISS.
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MESH Headings
- Aggrecans/chemistry
- Aggrecans/genetics
- Aggrecans/metabolism
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Carrier Proteins/chemistry
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Cohort Studies
- Computational Biology
- Databases, Genetic
- Expert Systems
- Female
- Genetic Association Studies
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genetic Testing
- Glycoproteins/chemistry
- Glycoproteins/genetics
- Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Growth Disorders/blood
- Growth Disorders/genetics
- Growth Disorders/metabolism
- Growth Disorders/physiopathology
- Heterozygote
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Humans
- Japan
- Male
- Mutation
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/chemistry
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/metabolism
- Receptor, IGF Type 1
- Receptors, Neuropeptide/chemistry
- Receptors, Neuropeptide/genetics
- Receptors, Neuropeptide/metabolism
- Receptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating Hormone/chemistry
- Receptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating Hormone/genetics
- Receptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating Hormone/metabolism
- Receptors, Somatomedin/chemistry
- Receptors, Somatomedin/genetics
- Receptors, Somatomedin/metabolism
- STAT5 Transcription Factor/chemistry
- STAT5 Transcription Factor/genetics
- STAT5 Transcription Factor/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Hattori
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
- Department of Advanced Pediatric Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Yuko Katoh-Fukui
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Akie Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsubara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kamimaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Shizuoka City Shimizu Hospital, Shizuoka 424-8636, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital, Okayama 700-8511, Japan
| | - Sumito Dateki
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Masanori Adachi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama 232-8555, Japan
| | - Koji Muroya
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama 232-8555, Japan
| | - Shinobu Yoshida
- Department of Pediatrics, Omihachiman Community Medical Center, Omihachiman 523-0082, Japan
| | - Shinobu Ida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi 594-1101, Japan
| | - Marie Mitani
- Department of Pediatrics, Shizuoka City Shimizu Hospital, Shizuoka 424-8636, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nagasaki
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8520, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Erina Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Hata
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakabayashi
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Yoichi Matsubara
- Department of Advanced Pediatric Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
- Institute director, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Satoshi Narumi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | | | - Maki Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
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7
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Sarabipour S, Hristova K. Effect of the achondroplasia mutation on FGFR3 dimerization and FGFR3 structural response to fgf1 and fgf2: A quantitative FRET study in osmotically derived plasma membrane vesicles. Biochim Biophys Acta 2016; 1858:1436-42. [PMID: 27040652 PMCID: PMC4870120 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The G380R mutation in the transmembrane domain of FGFR3 is a germline mutation responsible for most cases of Achondroplasia, a common form of human dwarfism. Here we use quantitative Fӧster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) and osmotically derived plasma membrane vesicles to study the effect of the achondroplasia mutation on the early stages of FGFR3 signaling in response to the ligands fgf1 and fgf2. Using a methodology that allows us to capture structural changes on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane in response to ligand binding to the extracellular domain of FGFR3, we observe no measurable effects of the G380R mutation on FGFR3 ligand-bound dimer configurations. Instead, the most notable effect of the achondroplasia mutation is increased propensity for FGFR3 dimerization in the absence of ligand. This work reveals new information about the molecular events that underlie the achondroplasia phenotype, and highlights differences in FGFR3 activation due to different single amino-acid pathogenic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvenaz Sarabipour
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Kalina Hristova
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States.
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8
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Del Piccolo N, Placone J, Hristova K. Effect of thanatophoric dysplasia type I mutations on FGFR3 dimerization. Biophys J 2015; 108:272-8. [PMID: 25606676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.11.3460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Thanatophoric dysplasia type I (TDI) is a lethal human skeletal growth disorder with a prevalence of 1 in 20,000 to 1 in 50,000 births. TDI is known to arise because of five different mutations, all involving the substitution of an amino acid with a cysteine in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3). Cysteine mutations in receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have been previously proposed to induce constitutive dimerization in the absence of ligand, leading to receptor overactivation. However, their effect on RTK dimer stability has never been measured experimentally. In this study, we characterize the effect of three TDI mutations, Arg248Cys, Ser249Cys, and Tyr373Cys, on FGFR3 dimerization in mammalian membranes, in the absence of ligand. We demonstrate that the mutations lead to surprisingly modest dimer stabilization and to structural perturbations of the dimers, challenging the current understanding of the molecular interactions that underlie TDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuala Del Piccolo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jesse Placone
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kalina Hristova
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
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9
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Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) conduct biochemical signals upon dimerization in the membrane plane. While RTKs are generally known to be activated in response to ligand binding, many of these receptors are capable of forming unliganded dimers that are likely important intermediates in the signaling process. All 58 RTKs consist of an extracellular (EC) domain, a transmembrane (TM) domain, and an intracellular domain that includes a juxtamembrane (JM) sequence and a kinase domain. Here we investigate directly the effect of the JM domain on unliganded dimer stability of FGFR3, a receptor that is critically important for skeletal development. The data suggest that FGFR3 unliganded dimers are stabilized by receptor-receptor contacts that involve the JM domains. The contribution is significant, as it is similar in magnitude to the stabilizing contribution of a pathogenic mutation and the repulsive contribution of the EC domain. Furthermore, we show that the effects of the JM domain and a TM pathogenic mutation on unliganded FGFR3 dimer stability are additive. We observe that the JM-mediated dimer stabilization occurs when the JM domain is linked to FGFR3 TM domain and not simply anchored to the plasma membrane. These results point to a coordinated stabilization of the unliganded dimeric state of FGFR3 by its JM and TM domains via a mechanism that is distinctly different from the case of another well studied receptor, EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvenaz Sarabipour
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21212, USA
| | - Kalina Hristova
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21212, USA.
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10
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Bocharov EV, Lesovoy DM, Goncharuk SA, Goncharuk MV, Hristova K, Arseniev AS. Structure of FGFR3 transmembrane domain dimer: implications for signaling and human pathologies. Structure 2013; 21:2087-93. [PMID: 24120763 PMCID: PMC3844157 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2013.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) transduces biochemical signals via lateral dimerization in the plasma membrane, and plays an important role in human development and disease. Eight different pathogenic mutations, implicated in cancers and growth disorders, have been identified in the FGFR3 transmembrane segment. Here, we describe the dimerization of the FGFR3 transmembrane domain in membrane-mimicking DPC/SDS (9/1) micelles. In the solved NMR structure, the two transmembrane helices pack into a symmetric left-handed dimer, with intermolecular stacking interactions occurring in the dimer central region. Some pathogenic mutations fall within the helix-helix interface, whereas others are located within a putative alternative interface. This implies that although the observed dimer structure is important for FGFR3 signaling, the mechanism of FGFR3-mediated transduction across the membrane is complex. We propose an FGFR3 signaling mechanism that is based on the solved structure, available structures of isolated soluble FGFR domains, and published biochemical and biophysical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard V Bocharov
- Department of Structural Biology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation.
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11
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Chen F, Sarabipour S, Hristova K. Multiple consequences of a single amino acid pathogenic RTK mutation: the A391E mutation in FGFR3. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56521. [PMID: 23437153 PMCID: PMC3577887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The A391E mutation in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) is the genetic cause for Crouzon syndrome with Acanthosis Nigricans. Here we investigate the effect of this mutation on FGFR3 activation in HEK 293 T cells over a wide range of fibroblast growth factor 1 concentrations using a physical-chemical approach that deconvolutes the effects of the mutation on dimerization, ligand binding, and efficiency of phosphorylation. It is believed that the mutation increases FGFR3 dimerization, and our results verify this. However, our results also demonstrate that the increase in dimerization is not the sole effect of the mutation, as the mutation also facilitates the phosphorylation of critical tyrosines in the activation loop of FGFR3. The activation of mutant FGFR3 is substantially increased due to a combination of these two effects. The low expression of the mutant, however, attenuates its signaling and may explain the mild phenotype in Crouzon syndrome with Acanthosis Nigricans. The results presented here provide new knowledge about the physical basis behind growth disorders and highlight the fact that a single RTK mutation may affect multiple steps in RTK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sarvenaz Sarabipour
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kalina Hristova
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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12
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Placone J, Hristova K. Direct assessment of the effect of the Gly380Arg achondroplasia mutation on FGFR3 dimerization using quantitative imaging FRET. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46678. [PMID: 23056398 PMCID: PMC3467271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gly380Arg mutation in FGFR3 is the genetic cause for achondroplasia (ACH), the most common form of human dwarfism. The mutation has been proposed to increase FGFR3 dimerization, but the dimerization propensities of wild-type and mutant FGFR3 have not been compared. Here we use quantitative imaging FRET to characterize the dimerization of wild-type FGFR3 and the ACH mutant in plasma membrane-derived vesicles from HEK293T cells. We demonstrate a small, but statistically significant increase in FGFR3 dimerization due to the ACH mutation. The data are consistent with the idea that the ACH mutation causes a structural change which affects both the stability and the activity of FGFR3 dimers in the absence of ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kalina Hristova
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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13
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Singh D, Chan JM, Zoppoli P, Niola F, Sullivan R, Castano A, Liu EM, Reichel J, Porrati P, Pellegatta S, Qiu K, Gao Z, Ceccarelli M, Riccardi R, Brat DJ, Guha A, Aldape K, Golfinos JG, Zagzag D, Mikkelsen T, Finocchiaro G, Lasorella A, Rabadan R, Iavarone A. Transforming fusions of FGFR and TACC genes in human glioblastoma. Science 2012; 337:1231-5. [PMID: 22837387 PMCID: PMC3677224 DOI: 10.1126/science.1220834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 575] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The brain tumor glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is among the most lethal forms of human cancer. Here, we report that a small subset of GBMs (3.1%; 3 of 97 tumors examined) harbors oncogenic chromosomal translocations that fuse in-frame the tyrosine kinase coding domains of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) genes (FGFR1 or FGFR3) to the transforming acidic coiled-coil (TACC) coding domains of TACC1 or TACC3, respectively. The FGFR-TACC fusion protein displays oncogenic activity when introduced into astrocytes or stereotactically transduced in the mouse brain. The fusion protein, which localizes to mitotic spindle poles, has constitutive kinase activity and induces mitotic and chromosomal segregation defects and triggers aneuploidy. Inhibition of FGFR kinase corrects the aneuploidy, and oral administration of an FGFR inhibitor prolongs survival of mice harboring intracranial FGFR3-TACC3-initiated glioma. FGFR-TACC fusions could potentially identify a subset of GBM patients who would benefit from targeted FGFR kinase inhibition.
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MESH Headings
- Aneuploidy
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Benzamides/pharmacology
- Brain Neoplasms/genetics
- Brain Neoplasms/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Chromosomal Instability
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Fetal Proteins/chemistry
- Fetal Proteins/genetics
- Fetal Proteins/metabolism
- Glioblastoma/genetics
- Glioblastoma/metabolism
- Humans
- Mice
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/chemistry
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- Mitosis
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Nuclear Proteins/chemistry
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Oncogene Fusion
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/chemistry
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/chemistry
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/chemistry
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/metabolism
- Spindle Apparatus/metabolism
- Translocation, Genetic
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Singh
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Minhow Chan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pietro Zoppoli
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francesco Niola
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan Sullivan
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angelica Castano
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Minwei Liu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Reichel
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Tri-Institutional Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Cornell University and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paola Porrati
- Fondazione Istituto Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Pellegatta
- Fondazione Istituto Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Kunlong Qiu
- Bioinformatics Center, Beijing Genome Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhibo Gao
- Bioinformatics Center, Beijing Genome Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Michele Ceccarelli
- Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche Gaetano Salvatore, Biogem, Ariano Irpino (AV) and Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | | | - Daniel J. Brat
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Abhijit Guha
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Ken Aldape
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John G. Golfinos
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Zagzag
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuropathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tom Mikkelsen
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Gaetano Finocchiaro
- Fondazione Istituto Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Lasorella
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raul Rabadan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antonio Iavarone
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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14
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Tanaka H. [Cytokines in bone diseases. FGF receptor signaling and achondroplasia/hypochondroplasia]. Clin Calcium 2010; 20:1490-1496. [PMID: 20890030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
FGFR3 has been establishing its position in growth plate cartilage after the identification as a responsible gene for achondroplasia. The major pathway of the pathogenesis in achondroplasia is the suppression of PTHrP-PTHR system, which is mainly mediated by ERK activation induced by constitutive active FGFR3. However, intracellular signaling system in FGFR3 is complex and the molecular pathogenesis of achondroplasia and related disorders has not been fully clarified. Especially, recently found human loss-of-function mutations in newly identified syndromes casted novel findings in the relation between phenotype and receptor function. In this review, I summarized recent consensus in the pathogenesis of FGFR3 related chondrodysplasia.
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MESH Headings
- Achondroplasia/genetics
- Animals
- Cartilage
- Disease Models, Animal
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/physiology
- Growth Plate
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin D
- Mice
- Mutation
- Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/chemistry
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/metabolism
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/physiology
- Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1
- Signal Transduction/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital
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15
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Xu K, Guo F, Zhang S, Liu C, Wang F, Zhou Z, Chen A. Blocking Ihh signaling pathway inhibits the proliferation and promotes the apoptosis of PSCs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 29:39-44. [PMID: 19224160 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-009-0108-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The roles of Indian hedgehog (Ihh) signaling pathway in the proliferation and apoptosis of precartilaginous stem cells (PSCs) were investigated. PSCs, labeled with fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR-3), were isolated from neonatal rats by immunomagnetic separation. After identification with FGFR-3 and Col II, the cells were incubated with different concentrations of cyclopamine (cyclo), the specific inhibitor of Ihh signaling pathway. The morphologic changes of the cells were observed under the inverted phase contrast microscope. The mRNA expression levels of Ihh, parathyroid hormonerelated peptide (PTHrP), protein Patched (Ptch), Bcl-2 and p21 were detected by RT-PCR. The protein expression levels of Ihh and Ptch were measured by Western blot. MTT assay was used to examine the effects of cyclo on proliferation of PSCs. Apoptosis rate of PSCs was examined by Annexin V/PI assay of flow cytometric analyses. After PSCs were incubated with cyclo, obvious morphologic changes were observed as compared with the control group. The mRNA expression levels of PTHrP, Ptch and Bcl-2 were decreased to varying degrees in a cyclo dose-dependent manner. However, the expression levels of Ihh and p21 mRNA were increased. The protein expression of Ptch and Ihh had the same change as the mRNA expression. Meanwhile, cyclo could obviously inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of PSCs. The results indicated that Ihh signaling pathway plays an important role in regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of PSCs, which is probably mediated by Bcl-2 and p21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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16
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Posokhov YO, Merzlyakov M, Hristova K, Ladokhin AS. A simple "proximity" correction for Förster resonance energy transfer efficiency determination in membranes using lifetime measurements. Anal Biochem 2008; 380:134-6. [PMID: 18559252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2008] [Revised: 05/26/2008] [Accepted: 05/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Accurate measurements of oligomerization in membranes by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) are always compromised by a substantial contribution from random chance colocalization of donors and acceptors. Recently, Li and coworkers demonstrated the use of computer simulation in estimating the contribution of this "proximity" component to correct the FRET efficiency and estimate the free energy of dimer formation of the G380R mutants of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) transmembrane domain immersed into lipid bilayer. Because tight dimerization will result in complete energy transfer from donor to acceptor, we have used the same experimental system of fluorescein- and rhodamine-labeled G380R mutants of FGFR3 for the experimental assessment of the proximity FRET corrections using fluorescence lifetime measurements. The experimental proximity FRET correction, based on time-resolved fluorescence measurements, is expected to have general advantages over theoretical correction, especially in the case of nonrandomly distributed monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgen O Posokhov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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17
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You M, Spangler J, Li E, Han X, Ghosh P, Hristova K. Effect of Pathogenic Cysteine Mutations on FGFR3 Transmembrane Domain Dimerization in Detergents and Lipid Bilayers. Biochemistry 2007; 46:11039-46. [PMID: 17845056 DOI: 10.1021/bi700986n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptors are known as the genetic basis of skeletal growth disorders. The mechanism of pathogenesis, as determined by mutation-induced changes in receptor structure, interactions, and function, is elusive. Here we study three pathogenic Cys mutations, associated with either thanatophoric dysplasia or achondroplasia, in the TM domain of fibroblast growth factor receptors 3 (FGFR3). We characterize the dimerization propensities of the mutant TM domains in detergents and in lipid bilayers, in the presence and absence of reducing agents, and compare them to previous measurements of wild-type. We find that the Cys mutations increase the propensity for dimerization in detergent, with the Cys370 mutant exhibiting the highest propensity for disulfide bond formation, the Cys371 mutant having an intermediate propensity, and Cys375 the lowest. Thus, disulfide bonds readily form in detergents, with efficiency that correlates with the severity of the phenotype. In lipid bilayers, however, the Cys370 mutant, which dimerizes strongly in detergent, behaves as the wild-type, suggesting that Cys370-mediated disulfide bonds do not form between the isolated TM domains in bilayers. Thus, the nature of the hydrophobic environment plays an important role in defining the structure and flexibility of transmembrane dimers. These results and previous findings from cellular studies lead us to propose a conformational flexibility mechanism of receptor stabilization as a basis for disregulated FGFR3 signaling in thanatophoric dysplasia and achondroplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min You
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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18
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Merzlyakov M, Chen L, Hristova K. Studies of receptor tyrosine kinase transmembrane domain interactions: the EmEx-FRET method. J Membr Biol 2007; 215:93-103. [PMID: 17565424 PMCID: PMC2770890 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-007-9009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2006] [Accepted: 01/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The energetics of transmembrane (TM) helix dimerization in membranes and the thermodynamic principles behind receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) TM domain interactions during signal transduction can be studied using Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). For instance, FRET studies have yielded the stabilities of wild-type fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) TM domains and two FGFR3 pathogenic mutants, Ala391Glu and Gly380Arg, in the native bilayer environment. To further our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of deregulated FGFR3 signaling underlying different pathologies, we determined the effect of the Gly382Asp FGFR3 mutation, identified in a multiple myeloma cell line, on the energetics of FGFR3 TM domain dimerization. We measured dimerization energetics using a novel FRET acquisition and processing method, termed "emission-excitation FRET (EmEx-FRET)," which improves the precision of thermodynamic measurements of TM helix association. The EmEx-FRET method, verified here by analyzing previously published data for wild-type FGFR3 TM domain, should have broad utility in studies of protein interactions, particularly in cases when the concentrations of fluorophore-tagged molecules cannot be controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Merzlyakov
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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19
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Zhang SR, Zhou XQ, Ren X, Wang TT, Yuan MX, Wang Q, Liu JY, Liu MG. Ser217Cys mutation in the Ig II domain of FGFR3 in a Chinese family with autosomal dominant achondroplasia. Chin Med J (Engl) 2007; 120:1017-9. [PMID: 17624273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-rong Zhang
- Center for Human Genome Research, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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20
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Eswarakumar VP, Schlessinger J. Skeletal overgrowth is mediated by deficiency in a specific isoform of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:3937-42. [PMID: 17360456 PMCID: PMC1820687 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0700012104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) plays an important role in the control of chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, a process critical for normal development of the skeleton. To reveal the contributions of the epithelial Fgfr3b isoform and the mesenchymal Fgfr3c isoform to skeletal overgrowth seen in mice, in which both isoforms have been inactivated (Fgf3c(-/-) mice), we have generated mice in which each of the two Fgfr3 isoforms has been selectively inactivated. Whereas no apparent phenotype was detected in Fgfr3b(-/-) mice, strong stimulation of chondrocyte proliferation in the growth plates of Fgf3c(-/-) mice caused dramatic skeletal overgrowth and other skeletal abnormalities resembling the phenotype of mice deficient in both Fgfr3 isoforms. In addition, Fgfr3c(-/-) mice exhibited decreased bone mineral density in the cortical and trabecular bone, whereas the bone mineral density of Fgfr3b(-/-) mice resembled that of WT mice. These experiments demonstrated that the mesenchymal Fgfr3c isoform is responsible for controlling chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation that mediate normal skeletal development, whereas the epithelial Fgfr3b isoform does not contribute toward this process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Schlessinger
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208066, New Haven, CT 06520-8066. E-mail:
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21
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Gibbs L, Legeai-Mallet L. FGFR3 intracellular mutations induce tyrosine phosphorylation in the Golgi and defective glycosylation. Biochim Biophys Acta 2007; 1773:502-12. [PMID: 17320202 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2006.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2006] [Revised: 12/08/2006] [Accepted: 12/20/2006] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene have been implicated in a series of skeletal dysplasias including hypochondroplasia, achondroplasia and thanatophoric dysplasia. The severity of these diseases ranges from mild dwarfism to severe dwarfism and to perinatal lethality, respectively. Although it is considered that the mutations give rise to constitutively active receptors, it remains unclear how the different mutations are functionally linked to the severity of the different pathologies. By examining various FGFR3 mutations in a HEK cell culture model, including the uncharacterized X807R mutation, it was found that only the mutations affecting the intracellular domain, induced premature receptor phosphorylation and inhibited receptor glycosylation, suggesting that premature receptor tyrosine phosphorylation of the native receptor inhibits its glycosylation. Moreover, these mutations appeared to be associated with elevated receptor signaling in the Golgi apparatus. In conclusion, although pathological severity could not be correlated with a single factor arising from FGFR3 mutations, these results suggest that intracellular domain mutations define a distinct means by which mutated FGFR3 could disrupt bone development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Gibbs
- INSERM U781, Hôpital des Enfants Malades, 149 rue de Sèvres-75015 Paris, France.
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22
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Abstract
Activating FGFR3 germline mutations cause skeletal dysplasia and craniosynostosis syndromes. Somatic FGFR3 mutations have been identified in several cancer entities such as urothelial carcinoma and multiple myeloma. Recently, the same FGFR3 mutations known from skeletal dysplasia syndromes and urothelial carcinoma have been shown to cause benign human skin tumors such as seborrheic keratoses and epidermal nevi. The underlying mechanisms for the somatic FGFR3 mutations in the epidermis are unknown so far, as well as details of the involved signaling pathways in the mutant keratinocytes leading to the formation of acanthotic skin tumors. Herein we discuss potential mechanisms and functional consequences of activating FGFR3 mutations in human skin. Further studies are required to provide insights in the pathogenesis of benign skin tumors caused by FGFR3 mutations. These studies will add to new non-invasive therapeutical strategies for benign acanthotic skin tumors in dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hafner
- Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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23
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Toydemir RM, Brassington AE, Bayrak-Toydemir P, Krakowiak PA, Jorde LB, Whitby FG, Longo N, Viskochil DH, Carey JC, Bamshad MJ. A novel mutation in FGFR3 causes camptodactyly, tall stature, and hearing loss (CATSHL) syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2006; 79:935-41. [PMID: 17033969 PMCID: PMC1698566 DOI: 10.1086/508433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2006] [Accepted: 08/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations of FGFR3, a negative regulator of bone growth, are well known to cause a variety of short-limbed bone dysplasias and craniosynostosis syndromes. We mapped the locus causing a novel disorder characterized by camptodactyly, tall stature, scoliosis, and hearing loss (CATSHL syndrome) to chromosome 4p. Because this syndrome recapitulated the phenotype of the Fgfr3 knockout mouse, we screened FGFR3 and subsequently identified a heterozygous missense mutation that is predicted to cause a p.R621H substitution in the tyrosine kinase domain and partial loss of FGFR3 function. These findings indicate that abnormal FGFR3 signaling can cause human anomalies by promoting as well as inhibiting endochondral bone growth.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Bone Diseases, Developmental/genetics
- DNA/genetics
- Female
- Fingers/abnormalities
- Hearing Loss, Bilateral/genetics
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/genetics
- Heterozygote
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation, Missense
- Pedigree
- Phenotype
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/chemistry
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/deficiency
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/genetics
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Syndrome
- Toes/abnormalities
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Affiliation(s)
- Reha M Toydemir
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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24
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Han X, Mihailescu M, Hristova K. Neutron diffraction studies of fluid bilayers with transmembrane proteins: structural consequences of the achondroplasia mutation. Biophys J 2006; 91:3736-47. [PMID: 16950849 PMCID: PMC1630470 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.106.092247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Achondroplasia, the most common form of human dwarfism, is due to a G380R mutation in the transmembrane domain of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) in >97% of the studied cases. While the molecular mechanism of pathology induction is under debate, the structural consequences of the mutation have not been studied. Here we use neutron diffraction to determine the disposition of FGFR3 transmembrane domain in fluid lipid bilayers, and investigate whether the G380R mutation affects the topology of the protein in the bilayer. Our results demonstrate that, in a model system, the G380R mutation induces a shift in the segment that is embedded in the membrane. The center of the hydrocarbon core-embedded segment in the mutant is close to the midpoint between R380 and R397, supporting previous measurements of arginine insertion energetics into the endoplasmic reticulum. The presented results further our knowledge about basic amino-acid insertion into bilayers, and may lead to new insights into the mechanism of pathogenesis in achondroplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Heuertz S, Le Merrer M, Zabel B, Wright M, Legeai-Mallet L, Cormier-Daire V, Gibbs L, Bonaventure J. Novel FGFR3 mutations creating cysteine residues in the extracellular domain of the receptor cause achondroplasia or severe forms of hypochondroplasia. Eur J Hum Genet 2006; 14:1240-7. [PMID: 16912704 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Achondroplasia (ACH) and hypochondroplasia (HCH) are two autosomal-dominant skeletal disorders caused by recurrent missense FGFR3 mutations in the transmembrane (TM) and tyrosine kinase 1 (TK1) domains of the receptor. Although 98% of ACH cases are accounted for by a single G380R substitution in the TM, a common mutation (N540K) in the TK1 region is detected in only 60-65% of HCH cases. The aim of this study was to determine whether the frequency of mutations in patients with HCH was the result of incomplete mutation screening or genetic heterogeneity. Eighteen exons of the FGFR3 gene were entirely sequenced in a cohort of 25 HCH and one ACH patients in whom common mutations had been excluded. Seven novel missense FGFR3 mutations were identified, one causing ACH and six resulting in HCH. Six of these substitutions were located in the extracellular region and four of them creating additional cysteine residues, were associated with severe phenotypes. No mutations were detected in 19 clinically diagnosed HCH patients. Our results demonstrate that the spectrum of FGFR3 mutations causing short-limb dwarfism is wider than originally recognised and emphasise the requirement for complete screening of the FGFR3 gene if appropriate genetic counselling is to be offered to patients with HCH or ACH lacking the most common mutations and their families.
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Merzlyakov M, You M, Li E, Hristova K. Transmembrane helix heterodimerization in lipid bilayers: probing the energetics behind autosomal dominant growth disorders. J Mol Biol 2006; 358:1-7. [PMID: 16500676 PMCID: PMC3812923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.01.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2005] [Revised: 01/20/2006] [Accepted: 01/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Here, we show that the energetics of transmembrane helix heterodimer formation can be characterized in liposomes using Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). We present the theory and the protocol for measuring the free energy of heterodimerization, and the total (hetero and homo-dimeric) dimer fraction. We use the presented methodology to determine the propensity for heterodimer formation between wild-type fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) transmembrane domain and the Ala391Glu mutant, linked to Crouzon syndrome with acanthosis nigricans.
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Li E, You M, Hristova K. FGFR3 dimer stabilization due to a single amino acid pathogenic mutation. J Mol Biol 2005; 356:600-12. [PMID: 16384584 PMCID: PMC3812913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2005] [Revised: 11/07/2005] [Accepted: 11/21/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the transmembrane (TM) domains of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have been implicated in the induction of pathological phenotypes. These mutations are believed to stabilize the RTK dimers, and thus promote unregulated signaling. However, the energetics behind the pathology induction has not been determined. An example of a TM domain pathogenic mutation is the Ala391-->Glu mutation in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), linked to Crouzon syndrome with acanthosis nigricans, as well as to bladder cancer. Here, we determine the free energy of dimerization of wild-type and mutant FGFR3 TM domain in lipid bilayers using Förster resonance energy transfer, and we show that hydrogen bonding between Glu391 and the adjacent helix in the dimer is a feasible mechanism for dimer stabilization. The measured change in the free energy of dimerization due to the Ala391-->Glu pathogenic mutation is -1.3 kcal/mol, consistent with previous reports of hydrogen bond strengths in proteins. This is the first quantitative measurement of mutant RTK stabilization in a membrane environment. We show that this seemingly modest value can lead to a large increase in dimer fraction and thus profoundly affect RTK-mediated signal transduction.
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MESH Headings
- Alanine/genetics
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Amino Acid Substitution/genetics
- Cell Membrane/genetics
- Craniofacial Dysostosis/genetics
- Dimerization
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
- Glutamic Acid/genetics
- Humans
- Liposomes
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation
- Protein Structure, Secondary/genetics
- Protein Structure, Tertiary/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/chemistry
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Thermodynamics
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics
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