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Aneloi Noli Z, Aliyyanti P, Mansyurdin. Study the Effect of P. minor Seaweed Crude Extract as a Biostimulant on Soybean. Pak J Biol Sci 2022; 25:23-28. [PMID: 35001572 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2022.23.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Seaweed biostimulants are often used in agriculture because of their benefits in increasing growth, production and quality of plants and are safe for the environment. <i>Padina minor</i> is one of the potential seaweeds that contains high macro and micronutrients and has also been shown to increase the vegetative growth of several plants. This study aims to determine the effect of <i>P. minor</i> seaweed extract in various concentrations and frequencies as a biostimulant on the growth and production of soybean plants. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> <i>Padina minor</i> extract was applied to soybean plants with several concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%) at three different application times. Where 1 application (2 weeks after planting), 2 applications (2 and 4 weeks after planting) and 3 applications (2, 4 and 5 weeks after planting). <b>Results:</b> <i>Padina minor</i> extract with a concentration of 40% with 1 application was able to increase plant height and shorten soybean harvest life. While the <i>P. minor</i> extract with a concentration of 40% with two and three applications was able to increase the gross and dry weight of plants, the number of pods, gross and dry mass of whole seeds. <b>Conclusion:</b> <i>Padina minor</i> seaweed extract with a concentration of 40% was able to increase the growth and production of soybean plants.
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Shukla PS, Borza T, Critchley AT, Prithiviraj B. Seaweed-Based Compounds and Products for Sustainable Protection against Plant Pathogens. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:59. [PMID: 33504049 PMCID: PMC7911005 DOI: 10.3390/md19020059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable agricultural practices increasingly demand novel, environmentally friendly compounds which induce plant immunity against pathogens. Stimulating plant immunity using seaweed extracts is a highly viable strategy, as these formulations contain many bio-elicitors (phyco-elicitors) which can significantly boost natural plant immunity. Certain bioactive elicitors present in a multitude of extracts of seaweeds (both commercially available and bench-scale laboratory formulations) activate pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) due to their structural similarity (i.e., analogous structure) with pathogen-derived molecules. This is achieved via the priming and/or elicitation of the defense responses of the induced systemic resistance (ISR) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) pathways. Knowledge accumulated over the past few decades is reviewed here, aiming to explain why certain seaweed-derived bioactives have such tremendous potential to elicit plant defense responses with considerable economic significance, particularly with increasing biotic stress impacts due to climate change and the concomitant move to sustainable agriculture and away from synthetic chemistry and environmental damage. Various extracts of seaweeds display remarkably different modes of action(s) which can manipulate the plant defense responses when applied. This review focuses on both the similarities and differences amongst the modes of actions of several different seaweed extracts, as well as their individual components. Novel biotechnological approaches for the development of new commercial products for crop protection, in a sustainable manner, are also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushp Sheel Shukla
- Marine Bio-Products Research Laboratory, Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N5E3, Canada; (P.S.S.); (T.B.)
| | - Tudor Borza
- Marine Bio-Products Research Laboratory, Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N5E3, Canada; (P.S.S.); (T.B.)
| | - Alan T. Critchley
- Verschuren Centre for Sustainability in Energy and Environment, Cape Breton University, Sydney, NS B1M1A2, Canada;
| | - Balakrishnan Prithiviraj
- Marine Bio-Products Research Laboratory, Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N5E3, Canada; (P.S.S.); (T.B.)
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He D, Yan L, Hu Y, Wu Q, Wu M, Choi JI, Tong H. Optimization of Porphyran Extraction from Pyropia yezoensis by Response Surface Methodology and Its Lipid-Lowering Effects. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:53. [PMID: 33498781 PMCID: PMC7911723 DOI: 10.3390/md19020053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroalgae polysaccharides are phytochemicals that are beneficial to human health. In this study, response surface methodology was applied to optimize the extraction procedure of Pyropia yezoensis porphyran (PYP). The optimum extraction parameters were: 100 °C (temperature), 120 min (time), and 29.32 mL/g (liquid-solid ratio), and the maximum yield of PYP was 22.15 ± 0.55%. The physicochemical characteristics of PPYP, purified from PYP, were analyzed, along with its lipid-lowering effect, using HepG2 cells and Drosophila melanogaster larvae. PPYP was a β-type sulfated hetero-rhamno-galactan-pyranose with a molecular weight of 151.6 kDa and a rhamnose-to-galactose molar ratio of 1:5.3. The results demonstrated that PPYP significantly reduced the triglyceride content in palmitic acid (PA)-induced HepG2 cells and high-sucrose-fed D. melanogaster larvae by regulating the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes, reducing lipogenesis and increasing fatty acid β-oxidation. To summarize, PPYP can lower lipid levels in HepG2 cells and larval fat body (the functional homolog tissue of the human liver), suggesting that PPYP may be administered as a potential marine lipid-lowering drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan He
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (D.H.); (L.Y.); (Y.H.); (Q.W.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Liping Yan
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (D.H.); (L.Y.); (Y.H.); (Q.W.)
| | - Yingxia Hu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (D.H.); (L.Y.); (Y.H.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qifang Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (D.H.); (L.Y.); (Y.H.); (Q.W.)
| | - Mingjiang Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (D.H.); (L.Y.); (Y.H.); (Q.W.)
| | - Jong-il Choi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Haibin Tong
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (D.H.); (L.Y.); (Y.H.); (Q.W.)
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Lopez V, Schäkel L, Schuh HJM, Schmidt MS, Mirza S, Renn C, Pelletier J, Lee SY, Sévigny J, Alban S, Bendas G, Müller CE. Sulfated Polysaccharides from Macroalgae Are Potent Dual Inhibitors of Human ATP-Hydrolyzing Ectonucleotidases NPP1 and CD39. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19020051. [PMID: 33499103 PMCID: PMC7911304 DOI: 10.3390/md19020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular ATP mediates proinflammatory and antiproliferative effects via activation of P2 nucleotide receptors. In contrast, its metabolite, the nucleoside adenosine, is strongly immunosuppressive and enhances tumor proliferation and metastasis. The conversion of ATP to adenosine is catalyzed by ectonucleotidases, which are expressed on immune cells and typically upregulated on tumor cells. In the present study, we identified sulfopolysaccharides from brown and red sea algae to act as potent dual inhibitors of the main ATP-hydrolyzing ectoenzymes, ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 (NPP1) and ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase1, CD39), showing nano- to picomolar potency and displaying a non-competitive mechanism of inhibition. We showed that one of the sulfopolysaccharides tested as a representative example reduced adenosine formation at the surface of the human glioblastoma cell line U87 in a concentration-dependent manner. These natural products represent the most potent inhibitors of extracellular ATP hydrolysis known to date and have potential as novel therapeutics for the immunotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Lopez
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany; (V.L.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (C.R.); (S.-Y.L.)
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Laura Schäkel
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany; (V.L.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (C.R.); (S.-Y.L.)
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - H. J. Maximilian Schuh
- Pharmaceutical & Cell Biological Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany; (H.J.M.S.); (M.S.S.); (G.B.)
| | - Michael S. Schmidt
- Pharmaceutical & Cell Biological Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany; (H.J.M.S.); (M.S.S.); (G.B.)
| | - Salahuddin Mirza
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany; (V.L.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (C.R.); (S.-Y.L.)
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Renn
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany; (V.L.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (C.R.); (S.-Y.L.)
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Julie Pelletier
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (J.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Sang-Yong Lee
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany; (V.L.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (C.R.); (S.-Y.L.)
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (J.P.); (J.S.)
- Départment de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d’Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Susanne Alban
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Gerd Bendas
- Pharmaceutical & Cell Biological Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany; (H.J.M.S.); (M.S.S.); (G.B.)
| | - Christa E. Müller
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany; (V.L.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (C.R.); (S.-Y.L.)
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-228-73-2301; Fax: +49-228-73-2567
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Abstract
Six species of macroalgae belonging to the Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta, and Rhodophyta divisions were cultivated in a closed system with Guillard's f/2, Walne's, Provasoli Enriched Seawater (PES) medium, and seawater (control) for 6 weeks. The growth rate and parameters of the tested seaweeds showed that all used media enhanced the growth rate and chemical content as compared with other seaweeds cultivated in seawater without addition of any nutrients. There are significant differences in the effect of the used media on the seaweed composition at p = .01; PES is more effective than the f/2 and Walne's media. The results indicate that the cultivation technique of some macroalgae was an efficient tool for increasing the seaweeds' biomass and increasing their chemical compounds, calories, and energy under laboratory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Ismail
- a Marine Environmental Division , National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries , Alexandria , Egypt
| | - Mostafa El-Sheekh
- b Botany Department, Faculty of Science , Tanta University , Tanta , Egypt
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Abaya LM, Wiegner TN, Colbert SL, Beets JP, Carlson KM, Kramer KL, Most R, Couch CS. A multi-indicator approach for identifying shoreline sewage pollution hotspots adjacent to coral reefs. Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 129:70-80. [PMID: 29680569 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sewage pollution is contributing to the global decline of coral reefs. Identifying locations where it is entering waters near reefs is therefore a management priority. Our study documented shoreline sewage pollution hotspots in a coastal community with a fringing coral reef (Puakō, Hawai'i) using dye tracer studies, sewage indicator measurements, and a pollution scoring tool. Sewage reached shoreline waters within 9 h to 3 d. Fecal indicator bacteria concentrations were high and variable, and δ15N macroalgal values were indicative of sewage at many stations. Shoreline nutrient concentrations were two times higher than those in upland groundwater. Pollution hotspots were identified with a scoring tool using three sewage indicators. It confirmed known locations of sewage pollution from dye tracer studies. Our study highlights the need for a multi-indicator approach and scoring tool to identify sewage pollution hotspots. This approach will be useful for other coastal communities grappling with sewage pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilani M Abaya
- Tropical Conservation Biology and Environmental Science Graduate Program, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 200 W. Kawili St., Hilo, HI 96720, USA; Marine Science Department, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 200 W. Kawili St., Hilo, HI 96720, USA.
| | - Tracy N Wiegner
- Marine Science Department, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 200 W. Kawili St., Hilo, HI 96720, USA.
| | - Steven L Colbert
- Marine Science Department, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 200 W. Kawili St., Hilo, HI 96720, USA.
| | - James P Beets
- Marine Science Department, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 200 W. Kawili St., Hilo, HI 96720, USA.
| | - Kaile'a M Carlson
- Marine Science Department, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 200 W. Kawili St., Hilo, HI 96720, USA; National Park Service, Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historic Park, 73-4786 Kanalani St., #14, Kailua-Kona, HI 96743, USA.
| | - K Lindsey Kramer
- Marine Science Department, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 200 W. Kawili St., Hilo, HI 96720, USA; Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit, Hawai'i Division of Aquatic Resources, 75-308B Kealakehe Pkwy, Kailua Kona, HI 96740, USA
| | - Rebecca Most
- The Nature Conservancy, 923 Nuuanu Ave., Honolulu, HI 96817, USA.
| | - Courtney S Couch
- The Nature Conservancy, 923 Nuuanu Ave., Honolulu, HI 96817, USA; Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, P.O. Box 1346, Kāne'ohe, HI 96744, USA
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Kelly MG, Birk S, Willby NJ, Denys L, Drakare S, Kahlert M, Karjalainen SM, Marchetto A, Pitt JA, Urbanič G, Poikane S. Redundancy in the ecological assessment of lakes: Are phytoplankton, macrophytes and phytobenthos all necessary? Sci Total Environ 2016; 568:594-602. [PMID: 26904924 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Although the Water Framework Directive specifies that macrophytes and phytobenthos should be used for the ecological assessment of lakes and rivers, practice varies widely throughout the EU. Most countries have separate methods for macrophytes and phytobenthos in rivers; however, the situation is very different for lakes. Here, 16 countries do not have dedicated phytobenthos methods, some include filamentous algae within macrophyte survey methods whilst others use diatoms as proxies for phytobenthos. The most widely-cited justification for not having a dedicated phytobenthos method is redundancy, i.e. that macrophyte and phytoplankton assessments alone are sufficient to detect nutrient impacts. Evidence from those European Union Member States that have dedicated phytobenthos methods supports this for high level overviews of lake condition and classification; however, there are a number of situations where phytobenthos may contribute valuable information for the management of lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyn G Kelly
- Bowburn Consultancy, 11 Monteigne Drive, Bowburn, Durham, UK
| | - Sebastian Birk
- Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Nigel J Willby
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Luc Denys
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Kliniekstraat 25, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stina Drakare
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7050, SE 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Kahlert
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7050, SE 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Aldo Marchetto
- CNR Institute of Ecosystem Study, Largo Tonolli 50, 28922 Verbania Pallanza, Italy
| | - Jo-Anne Pitt
- Environment Agency, Station Road, Haddiscoe, Great Yarmouth, Norfolk NR31 9JA, UK
| | - Gorazd Urbanič
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sandra Poikane
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy.
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Poikane S, Kelly M, Cantonati M. Benthic algal assessment of ecological status in European lakes and rivers: Challenges and opportunities. Sci Total Environ 2016; 568:603-613. [PMID: 26936662 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This opinion paper introduces a special series of articles dedicated to freshwater benthic algae and their use in assessment and monitoring. This special series was inspired by talks presented at the 9th International Congress on the Use of Algae for Monitoring Rivers and Comparable Habitats (Trento, Italy, 2015), the latest of a series of meetings started in 1991. In this paper, we will first provide a brief overview of phytobenthos methods in Europe. Then, we will turn towards the 'dark side' of phytobenthos and describe four particular problems for phytobenthos assessment in the European Union: (1) over-reliance on a single group of algae (mostly diatoms) to the exclusion of other groups; (2) relatively low adoption of benthic algae for ecological assessments in lakes; (3) absence of measures of phytobenthos abundance; (4) approaches used to define boundaries between ecological classes. Following this, we evaluate the strengths and limitations of current phytobenthos assessment methods against 12 criteria for method evaluation addressing four areas: ecological rationale, performance, feasibility of implementation, and use in communication and management. Using these criteria, we identify and discuss three general challenges for those developing new methods for phytobenthos-based assessment: a weak ecological rationale and insufficient consideration of the role of phytobenthos as a diagnostic tool and for communicating ecosystem health beyond a narrow group of specialists. The papers in the special series allow a comparison with the situation and approaches in the USA, present new methods for the assessment of ecological status and acidification, provide tools for an improved management of headwaters and petrifying springs, discuss the utility of phytobenthos for lake assessments, and test the utility of functional measures (such as biofilm phosphorus uptake capacity, PUC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Poikane
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, via E. Fermi 2749, Ispra 21027, Italy.
| | - Martyn Kelly
- Bowburn Consultancy, 11 Monteigne Drive, Bowburn, Durham DH6 5QB, UK
| | - Marco Cantonati
- Museo delle Scienze - MUSE, Limnology and Phycology Section, Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza 3, I-38123 Trento, Italy
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Fraser CI, Zuccarello GC, Spencer HG, Salvatore LC, Garcia GR, Waters JM. Genetic affinities between trans-oceanic populations of non-buoyant macroalgae in the high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69138. [PMID: 23894421 PMCID: PMC3718832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine biologists and biogeographers have long been puzzled by apparently non-dispersive coastal taxa that nonetheless have extensive transoceanic distributions. We here carried out a broad-scale phylogeographic study to test whether two widespread Southern Hemisphere species of non-buoyant littoral macroalgae are capable of long-distance dispersal. Samples were collected from along the coasts of southern Chile, New Zealand and several subAntarctic islands, with the focus on high latitude populations in the path of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current or West Wind Drift. We targeted two widespread littoral macroalgal species: the brown alga Adenocystisutricularis (Ectocarpales, Heterokontophyta) and the red alga Bostrychiaintricata (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta). Phylogenetic analyses were performed using partial mitochondrial (COI), chloroplast (rbcL) and ribosomal nuclear (LSU / 28S) DNA sequence data. Numerous deeply-divergent clades were resolved across all markers in each of the target species, but close phylogenetic relationships – even shared haplotypes – were observed among some populations separated by large oceanic distances. Despite not being particularly buoyant, both Adenocystisutricularis and Bostrychiaintricata thus show genetic signatures of recent dispersal across vast oceanic distances, presumably by attachment to floating substrata such as wood or buoyant macroalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceridwen I Fraser
- Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Li H, Yu X, Jin Y, Zhang W, Liu Y. Development of an eco-friendly agar extraction technique from the red seaweed Gracilaria lemaneiformis. Bioresour Technol 2008; 99:3301-5. [PMID: 17765536 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2007] [Revised: 07/01/2007] [Accepted: 07/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The red seaweed, Gracilaria lemaneiformis growing as an aquaculture bioremediator along the coasts of Liaodong Peninsula, China, was investigated for the agar production. An eco-friendly method called agar photobleaching extraction process was developed for the benefit of workers' health and safety of the environment. The native agar (NA), alkali-modified agar (AA), chemical-bleached agar (CA) and photobleached agar (PA), which were extracted using different processes, were evaluated for their physical and chemical properties. The PA showed most desirable performances in terms of gel strength, gelling temperature, sulfate content and 3,6-anhydro-l-galactose content. Among the different processed agars, PA gel strength was 1913 g/cm2, the highest among the different processed agars, which increased 8.6% on the basis of the AA. Further we applied this new technique to extract agars from Gracilaria asiatica, and similar results were obtained with that of G. lemaneiformis. This indicates that the agar photobleaching extraction process is a feasible method for Gracilaria species and has a potential application. During the whole agar photobleaching extraction process the pigment content of G. lemaneiformis declined gradually and the TOC concentration in photobleaching solution increased along with the increase in the irradiation time. The mechanism of agar photobleaching could be elucidated by the photolysis theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Li
- Marine Bioproducts Engineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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