51
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Godin É, Nguyen Thanh S, Guerrero-Morales J, Santandrea J, Caron A, Minozzi C, Beaucage N, Rey B, Morency M, Abel-Snape X, Collins SK. Synthesis and Diversification of Macrocyclic Alkynediyl Sulfide Peptides. Chemistry 2020; 26:14575-14579. [PMID: 32886838 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of rare macrocyclic alkynediyl sulfides by a Cu-catalyzed Csp -S cross-coupling is presented. The catalytic protocol (Cu(MeCN)4 PF6 /dtbbpy) promotes macrocyclization of peptides, dipeptides and tripeptides at ambient temperature (14 examples, 23→73 % yields) via thiols and bromoalkynes, and is chemoselective with regards to terminal alkynes. Importantly, the underexplored alkynediyl sulfide functionality incorporates a rigidifying structural element and opens new opportunities for diversification of macrocyclic frameworks through S oxidation, halide addition and azide-alkyne cycloaddition chemistries to integrate sulfones, halides or valuable fluorophores (7 examples, 37→92 % yields).
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Affiliation(s)
- Éric Godin
- Département de Chimie, Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, Complexe des Sciences, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec, H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Sacha Nguyen Thanh
- Département de Chimie, Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, Complexe des Sciences, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec, H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Javier Guerrero-Morales
- Département de Chimie, Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, Complexe des Sciences, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec, H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Santandrea
- Département de Chimie, Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, Complexe des Sciences, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec, H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Antoine Caron
- Département de Chimie, Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, Complexe des Sciences, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec, H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Clémentine Minozzi
- Département de Chimie, Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, Complexe des Sciences, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec, H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Noémie Beaucage
- Département de Chimie, Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, Complexe des Sciences, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec, H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Bastien Rey
- Département de Chimie, Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, Complexe des Sciences, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec, H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Mathieu Morency
- Département de Chimie, Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, Complexe des Sciences, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec, H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Xavier Abel-Snape
- Département de Chimie, Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, Complexe des Sciences, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec, H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Shawn K Collins
- Département de Chimie, Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, Complexe des Sciences, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec, H2V 0B3, Canada
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52
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Hu H, Hu X, Liu Y. Copper-Catalyzed ortho-Functionalization of Quinoline N-Oxides with Vinyl Arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18975-18979. [PMID: 32618077 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An efficient copper-catalyzed regioselective C-H alkenylation and borylative alkylation of quinoline N-oxides with vinyl arenes in the presence of pinacol diborane has been developed. The reaction proceeds through the borylcupration of the vinyl arenes followed by nucleophilic attack of the resulting alkyl copper species to the quinoline N-oxides. Benzoquinone and KOt Bu were identified as the necessary additives at the second step of the reaction that are crucial for the success of the reaction. A wide range of C2-functionalizaed quinolines were obtained with good functional group tolerance, which may find utilities in pharmaceuticals and synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yuanhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
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53
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Gyorfi N, Farkas E, Nemet N, Weber C, Novak Z, Kotschy A. Copper-Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation of Alkoxypyridine Derivatives. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204766. [PMID: 33081411 PMCID: PMC7587554 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The trifluoromethylation of aromatic and heteroaromatic cores has attracted considerable interest in recent years due to its pharmacological relevance. We studied the extension of a simple copper-catalyzed trifluoromethylation protocol to alkoxy-substituted iodopyridines and their benzologs. The trifluoromethylation proceeded smoothly in all cases, and the desired compounds were isolated and characterized. In the trifluoromethylation of 3-iodo-4-methoxyquinoline, we observed a concomitant O-N methyl migration, resulting in the trifluoromethylated quinolone as a product. Overall, the described procedure should facilitate the broader use of copper-catalyzed trifluoromethylation in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandor Gyorfi
- Servier Research Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Záhony u. 7., H-1031 Budapest, Hungary; (N.G.); (E.F.); (N.N.); (C.W.)
| | - Emese Farkas
- Servier Research Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Záhony u. 7., H-1031 Budapest, Hungary; (N.G.); (E.F.); (N.N.); (C.W.)
| | - Norbert Nemet
- Servier Research Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Záhony u. 7., H-1031 Budapest, Hungary; (N.G.); (E.F.); (N.N.); (C.W.)
| | - Csaba Weber
- Servier Research Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Záhony u. 7., H-1031 Budapest, Hungary; (N.G.); (E.F.); (N.N.); (C.W.)
| | - Zoltan Novak
- Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Unversity, Pázmány Péter s. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Andras Kotschy
- Servier Research Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Záhony u. 7., H-1031 Budapest, Hungary; (N.G.); (E.F.); (N.N.); (C.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-1-881-2000
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54
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Kütahya C, Meckbach N, Strehmel V, Gutmann JS, Strehmel B. NIR Light-Induced ATRP for Synthesis of Block Copolymers Comprising UV-Absorbing Moieties. Chemistry 2020; 26:10444-10451. [PMID: 32343443 PMCID: PMC7496941 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
NIR exposure at 790 nm activated photopolymerization of monomers comprising UV-absorbing moieties by using [CuII /(TPMA)]Br2 (TPMA=tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine) in the ppm range and an alkyl bromide as initiator. Some of them comprised structural elements selected either from those showing proton transfer or photocycloaddition upon UV excitation. Polymers obtained comprise living end groups serving as macroinitiator for controlled synthesis of block copolymers with relatively narrow molecular weight distributions. Chromatographic results indicated formation of block copolymers produced by this synthetic approach. Free-radical polymerization of monomers pursued for comparison exhibited the expected broader dispersity of molecular weight compared to photo-ATRP. Polymerization of these monomers by UV photo-ATRP failed on the contrary to NIR photo-ATRP demonstrating the UV-filter function of the monomers. This work conclusively provides a new approach for the polymerization of monomers comprising UV-absorbing moieties through photo-ATRP in the NIR region. This occurred in a simple and efficient pathway. However, studies also showed that not all monomers chosen successfully proceeded in the NIR photo-ATRP protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Kütahya
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface ChemistryNiederrhein University of Applied SciencesAdlerstr. 147798KrefeldGermany
| | - Nicolai Meckbach
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface ChemistryNiederrhein University of Applied SciencesAdlerstr. 147798KrefeldGermany
| | - Veronika Strehmel
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface ChemistryNiederrhein University of Applied SciencesAdlerstr. 3247798KrefeldGermany
| | - Jochen S. Gutmann
- Department of Physical ChemistryCenter of, Nanointegration (CENIDE)University of Duisburg-Essen45141EssenGermany
| | - Bernd Strehmel
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface ChemistryNiederrhein University of Applied SciencesAdlerstr. 147798KrefeldGermany
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55
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Pisella G, Gagnebin A, Waser J. Three-Component Reaction for the Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Propargyl Ethers. Chemistry 2020; 26:10199-10204. [PMID: 32187739 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions provide efficient means to access molecular complexity. Herein, we report a copper-catalyzed three-component reaction of diazo compounds, alcohols and ethynyl benziodoxole (EBX) reagents for the synthesis of propargyl ethers. Extensive variations of the three partners of the reaction is possible, leading to highly functionalized and structurally diverse products under mild conditions. Alkynylation of a copper ylide intermediate is postulated as key step for this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Pisella
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alec Gagnebin
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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56
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Paul M, Teubner M, Grimm‐Lebsanft B, Golchert C, Meiners Y, Senft L, Keisers K, Liebhäuser P, Rösener T, Biebl F, Buchenau S, Naumova M, Murzin V, Krug R, Hoffmann A, Pietruszka J, Ivanović‐Burmazović I, Rübhausen M, Herres‐Pawlis S. Exceptional Substrate Diversity in Oxygenation Reactions Catalyzed by a Bis(μ-oxo) Copper Complex. Chemistry 2020; 26:7556-7562. [PMID: 32104930 PMCID: PMC7317579 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme tyrosinase contains a reactive side-on peroxo dicopper(II) center as catalytically active species in C-H oxygenation reactions. The tyrosinase activity of the isomeric bis(μ-oxo) dicopper(III) form has been discussed controversially. The synthesis of bis(μ-oxo) dicopper(III) species [Cu2 (μ-O)2 (L1)2 ](X)2 ([O1](X)2 , X=PF6 - , BF4 - , OTf- , ClO4 - ), stabilized by the new hybrid guanidine ligand 2-{2-((dimethylamino)methyl)phenyl}-1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine (L1), and its characterization by UV/Vis, Raman, and XAS spectroscopy, as well as cryo-UHR-ESI mass spectrometry, is described. We highlight selective oxygenation of a plethora of phenolic substrates mediated by [O1](PF6 )2 , which results in mono- and bicyclic quinones and provides an attractive strategy for designing new phenazines. The selectivity is predicted by using the Fukui function, which is hereby introduced into tyrosinase model chemistry. Our bioinspired catalysis harnesses molecular dioxygen for organic transformations and achieves a substrate diversity reaching far beyond the scope of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Paul
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Melissa Teubner
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of HamburgLuruper Chaussee 14922761HamburgGermany
| | | | - Christiane Golchert
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Yannick Meiners
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Laura Senft
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Kristina Keisers
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Patricia Liebhäuser
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Thomas Rösener
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Florian Biebl
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of HamburgLuruper Chaussee 14922761HamburgGermany
| | - Sören Buchenau
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of HamburgLuruper Chaussee 14922761HamburgGermany
| | - Maria Naumova
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYNotkestrasse 8522607HamburgGermany
| | - Vadim Murzin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYNotkestrasse 8522607HamburgGermany
| | - Roxanne Krug
- Institute of Bioorganic ChemistryHeinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich52425JülichGermany
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Jörg Pietruszka
- Institute of Bioorganic ChemistryHeinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich52425JülichGermany
- Institute of Bio- and Geoscience (IBG-1: Biotechnology)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52425JülichGermany
| | - Ivana Ivanović‐Burmazović
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Michael Rübhausen
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of HamburgLuruper Chaussee 14922761HamburgGermany
| | - Sonja Herres‐Pawlis
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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57
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Yu F, Dickson JL, Loka RS, Xu H, Schaugaard RN, Schlegel HB, Luo L, Nguyen HM. Diastereoselective sp 3 C-O Bond Formation via Visible Light-Induced, Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings of Glycosyl Bromides with Aliphatic Alcohols. ACS Catal 2020; 10:5990-6001. [PMID: 34168901 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have become one of the most powerful methods for generating carbon-heteroatom bonds, an important framework of many organic molecules. However, copper-catalyzed C(sp3)-O cross-coupling of alkyl halides with alkyl alcohols remains elusive because of the sluggish nature of oxidative addition to copper. To address this challenge, we have developed a catalytic copper system, which overcomes the copper oxidative addition barrier with the aid of visible light and effectively facilitates the cross-couplings of glycosyl bromides with aliphatic alcohols to afford C(sp3)-O bonds with high levels of diastereoselectivity. Importantly, this catalytic system leads to a mild and efficient method for stereoselective construction of α-1,2-cis glycosides, which are of paramount importance, but challenging. In general, stereochemical outcomes in α-1,2-cis glycosidic C-O bond-forming processes are unpredictable and dependent on the steric and electronic nature of protecting groups bound to carbohydrate coupling partners. Currently, the most reliable approaches rely on the use of a chiral auxiliary or hydrogen-bond directing group at the C2- and C4-position of carbohydrate electrophiles to control α-1,2-cis selectivity. In our approach, earth-abundant copper not only acts as a photocatalyst and a bond-forming catalyst, but also enforces the stereocontrolled formation of anomeric C-O bonds. This cross-coupling protocol enables highly diastereoselective access to a wide variety of α-1,2-cis-glycosides and biologically relevant α-glycan oligosaccharides. Our work provides a foundation for developing new methods for the stereoselective construction of natural and unnatural anomeric carbon(sp3)-heteroatom bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Jalen L. Dickson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Ravi S. Loka
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Hengfu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Richard N. Schaugaard
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - H. Bernhard Schlegel
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Long Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Hien M. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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58
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Guo Y, Harutyunyan SR. Copper-catalysed alkylation of heterocyclic acceptors with organometallic reagents. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1006-1021. [PMID: 32509032 PMCID: PMC7237809 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper-catalysed asymmetric C–C bond-forming reactions using organometallic reagents have developed into a powerful tool for the synthesis of complex molecules with single or multiple stereogenic centres over the past decades. Among the various acceptors employed in such reactions, those with a heterocyclic core are of particular importance because of the frequent occurrence of heterocyclic scaffolds in the structures of chiral natural products and bioactive molecules. Hence, this review focuses on the progress made over the past 20 years for heterocyclic acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Guo
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Syuzanna R Harutyunyan
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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59
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Nguyen VT, Nguyen VD, Haug GC, Vuong NTH, Dang HT, Arman HD, Larionov OV. Visible-Light-Enabled Direct Decarboxylative N-Alkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7921-7927. [PMID: 32050048 PMCID: PMC7200280 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of efficient and selective C-N bond-forming reactions from abundant feedstock chemicals remains a central theme in organic chemistry owing to the key roles of amines in synthesis, drug discovery, and materials science. Herein, we present a dual catalytic system for the N-alkylation of diverse aromatic carbocyclic and heterocyclic amines directly with carboxylic acids, by-passing their preactivation as redox-active esters. The reaction, which is enabled by visible-light-driven, acridine-catalyzed decarboxylation, provides access to N-alkylated secondary and tertiary anilines and N-heterocycles. Additional examples, including double alkylation, the installation of metabolically robust deuterated methyl groups, and tandem ring formation, further demonstrate the potential of the direct decarboxylative alkylation (DDA) reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Viet D Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Graham C Haug
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Ngan T H Vuong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Hang T Dang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Hadi D Arman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Oleg V Larionov
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
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60
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Takale BS, Thakore RR, Etemadi-Davan E, Lipshutz BH. Recent advances in Cu-catalyzed C(sp 3)-Si and C(sp 3)-B bond formation. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:691-737. [PMID: 32362947 PMCID: PMC7176932 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous reactions generating C-Si and C-B bonds are in focus owing to the importance of incorporating silicon or boron into new or existing drugs, in addition to their use as building blocks in cross-coupling reactions en route to various targets of both natural and unnatural origins. In this review, recent protocols relying on copper-catalyzed sp3 carbon-silicon and carbon-boron bond-forming reactions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaram S Takale
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Ruchita R Thakore
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Elham Etemadi-Davan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Bruce H Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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61
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Mimura S, Mizushima S, Shimizu Y, Sawamura M. Copper-catalyzed enantioselective conjugate reduction of α,β-unsaturated esters with chiral phenol-carbene ligands. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:537-543. [PMID: 32280383 PMCID: PMC7136546 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A chiral phenol–NHC ligand enabled the copper-catalyzed enantioselective conjugate reduction of α,β-unsaturated esters. The phenol moiety of the chiral NHC ligand played a critical role in producing the enantiomerically enriched products. The catalyst worked well for various (Z)-isomer substrates. Opposite enantiomers were obtained from (Z)- and (E)-isomers, with a higher enantiomeric excess from the (Z)-isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Mimura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Sho Mizushima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yohei Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Masaya Sawamura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
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62
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Lazreg F, Vasseur M, Slawin AMZ, Cazin CSJ. Aerobic synthesis of N-sulfonylamidines mediated by N-heterocyclic carbene copper(I) catalysts. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:482-491. [PMID: 32273908 PMCID: PMC7113546 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A new catalytic strategy for the one-pot synthesis of N-sulfonylamidines is described. The cationic copper(I) complexes were found to be highly active and efficient under mild conditions in air and in the absence of solvent. A copper acetylide is proposed as key intermediate in this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faïma Lazreg
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Marie Vasseur
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | | | - Catherine S J Cazin
- Centre for Sustainable Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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63
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Luo A, Zhang M, Fu Z, Lan J, Wu D, You J. Copper-catalyzed remote C-H arylation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:530-536. [PMID: 32280382 PMCID: PMC7136547 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The regioselective C–H arylation of substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a desired but challenging task. A copper-catalyzed C7–H arylation of 1-naphthamides has been developed by using aryliodonium salts as arylating reagents. This protocol does not need to use precious metal catalysts and tolerates wide variety of functional groups. Under standard conditions, the remote C–H arylation of other PAHs including phenanthrene-9-carboxamide, pyrene-1-carboxamide and fluoranthene-3-carboxamide has also accomplished, which provides an opportunity for the development of diverse organic optoelectronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anping Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
| | - Zhangyi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
| | - Jingbo Lan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
| | - Jingsong You
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
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64
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Zhong M, Pannecoucke X, Jubault P, Poisson T. Recent advances in photocatalyzed reactions using well-defined copper(I) complexes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:451-481. [PMID: 32273907 PMCID: PMC7113551 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent advances in photocatalysis using copper complexes. Their applications in various reactions, such as ATRA, reduction, oxidation, proton-coupled electron transfer, and energy transfer reactions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingbing Zhong
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Xavier Pannecoucke
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Philippe Jubault
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Thomas Poisson
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris, France
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65
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Pichon D, Morvan J, Crévisy C, Mauduit M. Copper-catalyzed enantioselective conjugate addition of organometallic reagents to challenging Michael acceptors. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:212-232. [PMID: 32180841 PMCID: PMC7059538 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The copper-catalyzed enantioselective conjugate addition (ECA) of organometallic nucleophiles to electron-deficient alkenes (Michael acceptors) represents an efficient and attractive methodology for providing a wide range of relevant chiral molecules. In order to increase the attractiveness of this useful catalytic transformation, some Michael acceptors bearing challenging electron-deficient functions (i.e., aldehydes, thioesters, acylimidazoles, N-acyloxazolidinones, N-acylpyrrolidinones, amides, N-acylpyrroles) were recently investigated. Remarkably, only a few chiral copper-based catalytic systems have successfully achieved the conjugate addition of different organometallic reagents to these challenging Michael acceptors, with excellent regio- and enantioselectivity. Furthermore, thanks to their easy derivatization, the resulting chiral conjugated products could be converted into various natural products. The aim of this tutorial review is to summarize recent advances accomplished in this stimulating field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Pichon
- Université de Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Jennifer Morvan
- Université de Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Christophe Crévisy
- Université de Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Marc Mauduit
- Université de Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
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66
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Yuasa A, Nagao K, Ohmiya H. Allylic cross-coupling using aromatic aldehydes as α-alkoxyalkyl anions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:185-189. [PMID: 32117475 PMCID: PMC7034225 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The allylic cross-coupling using aromatic aldehydes as α-alkoxyalkyl anions is described. The synergistic palladium/copper-catalyzed reaction of aromatic aldehydes, allylic carbonates, and a silylboronate produces the corresponding homoallylic alcohol derivatives. This process involves the catalytic formation of a nucleophilic α-silyloxybenzylcopper(I) species and the subsequent palladium-catalyzed allylic substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Yuasa
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nagao
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Ohmiya
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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67
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Abstract
Copper catalysis and, more generally, copper chemistry are pivotal for modern organofluorine chemistry. Major advances have been made in the field of trifluoromethylselenolations of organic compounds where copper catalysis played a crucial role. Recent developments in this field are highlighted in this minireview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Ghiazza
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anis Tlili
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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68
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Choi I, Müller V, Lole G, Köhler R, Karius V, Viöl W, Jooss C, Ackermann L. Photoinduced Heterogeneous C-H Arylation by a Reusable Hybrid Copper Catalyst. Chemistry 2020; 26:3509-3514. [PMID: 31943400 PMCID: PMC7155010 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous copper catalysis enabled photoinduced C-H arylations under exceedingly mild conditions at room temperature. The versatile hybrid copper catalyst provided step-economical access to arylated heteroarenes, terpenes and alkaloid natural products with various aryl halides. The hybrid copper catalyst could be reused without significant loss of catalytic efficacy. Detailed studies in terms of TEM, HRTEM and XPS analysis of the hybrid copper catalyst, among others, supported its outstanding stability and reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Choi
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammanstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Valentin Müller
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammanstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gaurav Lole
- Institut für Materialphysik, Georg-August-Universität, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robert Köhler
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Laboratory of Laser and Plasma Technologies, Von-Ossietzky-Strasse 99, 37085, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Volker Karius
- Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Georg-August-Universität, Goldschmidtstrasse 3, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Viöl
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Laboratory of Laser and Plasma Technologies, Von-Ossietzky-Strasse 99, 37085, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Jooss
- Institut für Materialphysik, Georg-August-Universität, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammanstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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69
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Sattar M, Kumar N, Yadav P, Mandhar Y, Kumar S. 8-Aminoquinoline-Assisted Synthesis and Crystal Structure Studies of Ferrocenyl Aryl Sulfones. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:4807-4813. [PMID: 31659838 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed 8-aminoquinoline-directed oxidative cross-coupling of the C-H bond of ferrocene with sodium arylsulfinates has been achieved. The robust copper catalyst tolerates a range of methyl, tert-butyl, bromo, chloro, iodo and nitro functional groups in the phenyl ring, and set the stage for the synthesis of substituted ferrocene sulfones. Furthermore, X-ray crystal structure study on several ferrocenyl sulfones reveals the tetrahedral geometry around sulfur; interestingly, the O-S-O angle is larger than the electropositive substituent C-S-C angle which could be explained by Bent's rule. Further, unusual intramolecular O(S)⋅⋅⋅N(amide) short contacts (2.925-3) and O(S)⋅⋅⋅C=O were also noticed in ferrocenyl sulfones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moh Sattar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Nitin Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Prateek Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Yogesh Mandhar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Sangit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
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70
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Knoll DM, Hu Y, Hassan Z, Nieger M, Bräse S. Planar Chiral [2.2]Paracyclophane-Based Bisoxazoline Ligands and Their Applications in Cu-Mediated N-H Insertion Reaction. Molecules 2019; 24:E4122. [PMID: 31739572 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
New catalysts for important C–N bond formation are highly sought after. In this work, we demonstrate the synthesis and viability of a new class of planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane-based bisoxazoline (BOX) ligands for the copper-catalyzed N–H insertion of α-diazocarbonyls into anilines. The reaction features a wide substrate scope and moderate to excellent yields, and delivers the valuable products at ambient conditions.
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71
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Hemric BN, Chen AW, Wang Q. Copper-Catalyzed 1,2-Amino Oxygenation of 1,3-Dienes: A Chemo-, Regio-, and Site-Selective Three-Component Reaction with O-Acylhydroxylamines and Carboxylic Acids. ACS Catal 2019; 9:10070-10076. [PMID: 31692984 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A three-component reaction for 1,2-amino oxygenation of 1,3-dienes has been achieved using O-acyl hydroxylamines and carboxylic acids. The reaction occurs through copper-catalyzed amination of olefins followed by nucleophilic addition of carboxylic acids, offering high levels of chemo-, regio-, and site-selectivity. The method is effective for both terminal and internal 1,3-dienes, including those bearing multiple, unsymmetrical substituents. The amino oxygenation conditions also exhibited remarkable selectivity toward 1,3-dienes over alkenes, good tolerance of sensitive functional groups, and reliable scalability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett N. Hemric
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Andy W. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Qiu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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72
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Quivelli AF, Vitale P, Perna FM, Capriati V. Reshaping Ullmann Amine Synthesis in Deep Eutectic Solvents: A Mild Approach for Cu-Catalyzed C-N Coupling Reactions With No Additional Ligands. Front Chem 2019; 7:723. [PMID: 31737602 PMCID: PMC6833937 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The CuI-catalyzed Ullmann amine cross-coupling between (hetero)aryl halides (Br, I) and aromatic and aliphatic amines has been accomplished in deep eutectic solvents as environmentally benign and recycling reaction media. Under optimized conditions, the reaction proceeds smoothly under mild conditions (60–100°C) in air, in the absence of ligands, with a catalyst (CuI) loading of 10 mol% and K2CO3 (aliphatic primary and secondary amines) or t-BuOK (aromatic amines) as the base. A variety of amines have been synthesized in yields up to 98% with a broad substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Francesca Quivelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Vitale
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Bari, Italy
| | - Filippo Maria Perna
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Bari, Italy
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73
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Marichev KO, Wang K, Dong K, Greco N, Massey LA, Deng Y, Arman H, Doyle MP. Synthesis of Chiral Tetrasubstituted Azetidines from Donor-Acceptor Azetines via Asymmetric Copper(I)-Catalyzed Imido-Ylide [3+1]-Cycloaddition with Metallo-Enolcarbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16188-16192. [PMID: 31496021 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The all-cis stereoisomers of tetrasubstituted azetidine-2-carboxylic acids and derivatives that possess three chiral centers have been prepared in high yield and stereocontrol from silyl-protected Z-γ-substituted enoldiazoacetates and imido-sulfur ylides by asymmetric [3+1]-cycloaddition using chiral sabox copper(I) catalysis followed by Pd/C catalytic hydrogenation. Hydrogenation of the chiral p-methoxybenzyl azetine-2-carboxylates occurs with both hydrogen addition to the C=C bond and hydrogenolysis of the ester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostiantyn O Marichev
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Kuiyong Dong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Nicole Greco
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Lynée A Massey
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Yongming Deng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Hadi Arman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
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74
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Kim HK, Mane MV, Montgomery J, Baik MH. The Mechanism of Copper-Catalyzed Trifunctionalization of Terminal Allenes. Chemistry 2019; 25:9456-9463. [PMID: 31038842 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A highly selective copper-catalyzed trifunctionalization of allenes has been established based on diborylation/cyanation with bis(pinacolato)diboron (B2 pin2 ) and N-cyano-N-phenyl-p-toluenesulfonamide (NCTS). The Cu-catalyzed trifunctionalization of terminal allenes is composed of three catalytic reactions (first borocupration, electrophilic cyanation, and second borocupration) that provide a densely functionalized product with regio-, chemo- and diastereoselectivity. Allene substrates have multiple reaction-sites, and the selectivities are determined by the suitable interactions (e.g., electronic and steric demands) between the catalyst and substrates. We employed DFT calculations to understand the cascade copper-catalyzed trifunctionalization of terminal allenes, providing densely-functionalized organic molecules with outstanding regio-, chemo- and diastereoselectivity in high yields. The selectivity challenges presented by cumulated π-systems are addressed by systematic computational studies; these give insight to the catalytic multiple-functionalization strategies and explain the high selectivities that we see for these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ki Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Manoj V Mane
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - John Montgomery
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1055, USA
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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75
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Benoit E, Fnaiche A, Gagnon A. Synthesis of aryl cyclopropyl sulfides through copper-promoted S-cyclopropylation of thiophenols using cyclopropylboronic acid. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:1162-1171. [PMID: 31293663 PMCID: PMC6604732 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The copper-promoted S-cyclopropylation of thiophenols using cyclopropylboronic acid is reported. The procedure operates under simple conditions to afford the corresponding aryl cyclopropyl sulfides in moderate to excellent yields. The reaction tolerates substitution in ortho-, meta- and para-substitution as well as electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups. The S-cyclopropylation of a thiophenol was also accomplished using potassium cyclopropyl trifluoroborate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Benoit
- Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Ahmed Fnaiche
- Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Alexandre Gagnon
- Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
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76
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Li X, Deng X, Coyne AG, Srinivasan R. meta-Nitration of Arenes Bearing ortho/para Directing Group(s) Using C-H Borylation. Chemistry 2019; 25:8018-8023. [PMID: 30974007 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the meta-nitration of arenes bearing ortho/para directing group(s) using the iridium-catalyzed C-H borylation reaction followed by a newly developed copper(II)-catalyzed transformation of the crude aryl pinacol boronate esters into the corresponding nitroarenes in a one-pot fashion. This protocol allows the synthesis of meta-nitrated arenes that are tedious to prepare or require multistep synthesis using the existing methods. The reaction tolerates a wide array of ortho/para-directing groups, such as -F, -Cl, -Br, -CH3 , -Et, -iPr -OCH3 , and -OCF3 . It also provides regioselective access to the nitro derivatives of π-electron-deficient heterocycles, such as pyridine and quinoline derivatives. The application of this method is demonstrated in the late-stage modification of complex molecules and also in the gram-scale preparation of an intermediate en route to the FDA-approved drug Nilotinib. Finally, we have shown that the nitro product obtained by this strategy can also be directly converted to the aniline or hindered amine through Baran's amination protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (SPST), Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Building 24, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
| | - Xingwang Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (SPST), Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Building 24, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
| | - Anthony G Coyne
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Rajavel Srinivasan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (SPST), Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Building 24, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
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77
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Román R, Barrio P, Mateu N, Sedgwick DM, Fustero S. Copper-Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of ( E)-β-Fluorovinyl Sulfones. Molecules 2019; 24:E1569. [PMID: 31009999 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Organofluorine compounds are finding increasing application in a variety of fields such as pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and material sciences. However, given the scarcity of fluorine-containing natural products, advancement in this area depends almost entirely on the development of new synthetic methodologies. In this article, we present the synthesis of a series of previously undescribed (E)-β-fluorovinyl sulfones via a simple copper-catalyzed addition of hydrogen fluoride to alkynyl sulfone starting materials in varying yields and E/Z selectivities. The hydrogenation of these products was also explored and compared with the hydrogenation of the related Z isomers. These new products may find interesting applications, given the versatility of vinyl sulfones in chemical synthesis and the unique properties of vinyl fluorides in biological settings.
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78
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Wu C, Qin X, Moeljadi AMP, Hirao H, Zhou JS. Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Arylation of N-Heteroaryl Aldimines: Elementary Step of a 1,4-Insertion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2705-2709. [PMID: 30648341 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Copper complexes of monodentate phosphoramidites efficiently promote asymmetric arylation of N-azaaryl aldimines with arylboroxines. DFT calculations and experiments support an elementary step of 1,4-insertion in the reaction pathway, a step in which an aryl-copper species adds directly across four atoms of C=N-C=N in the N-azaaryl aldimines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Wu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, SPMS-CBC-06-06, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Xurong Qin
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, SPMS-CBC-06-06, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | | | - Hajime Hirao
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianrong Steve Zhou
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, SPMS-CBC-06-06, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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79
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Graßl S, Hamze C, Koller TJ, Knochel P. Copper-Catalyzed Electrophilic Thiolation of Organozinc Halides by Using N-Thiophthalimides Leading to Polyfunctional Thioethers. Chemistry 2019; 25:3752-3755. [PMID: 30637818 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
(Hetero)aryl, benzylic, and alkyl zinc halides were thiolated with N-thiophthalimides at 25 °C within 1 h in the presence of 5-10 % Cu(OAc)2 ⋅H2 O to furnish the corresponding polyfunctionalized thioethers in good yields. This electrophilic thiolation was extended to the introduction of trifluoromethylthio (SCF3 ), thiocyanate (SCN), and selenophenyl (SePh) groups. The utility of this method was shown in a seven-step synthesis of a potent cathepsin D inhibitor in 34 % overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Graßl
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Clémence Hamze
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Thaddäus J Koller
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
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80
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Israr M, Ye C, Muhammad MT, Li Y, Bao H. Copper(I)-catalyzed tandem reaction: synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles from alkyl diacyl peroxides, azidotrimethylsilane, and alkynes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2916-2922. [PMID: 30546475 PMCID: PMC6278767 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction for the synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles from alkyl diacyl peroxides, azidotrimethylsilane, and terminal alkynes is reported. The alkyl carboxylic acids is for the first time being used as the alkyl azide precursors in the form of alkyl diacyl peroxides. This method avoids the necessity to handle organic azides, as they are generated in situ, making this protocol operationally simple. The Cu(I) catalyst not only participates in the alkyl diacyl peroxides decomposition to afford alkyl azides but also catalyzes the subsequent CuAAC reaction to produce the 1,2,3-triazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Israr
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China.,University of Chinese academy of Science (UCAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Changqing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China.,University of Chinese academy of Science (UCAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Munira Taj Muhammad
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Yajun Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Hongli Bao
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China.,University of Chinese academy of Science (UCAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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81
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Ye Z, Cai X, Li J, Dai M. Catalytic Cyclopropanol Ring Opening for Divergent Syntheses of γ-Butyrolactones and δ-Ketoesters Containing All-Carbon Quaternary Centers. ACS Catal 2018; 8:5907-5914. [PMID: 34457375 PMCID: PMC8389773 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic ring opening cross coupling reactions of strained cyclopropanols have been useful for the syntheses of various β-substituted carbonyl products. Among these ring opening cross coupling reactions, the formation of α,β-unsaturated enone byproducts often competes with the desired cross coupling processes and has been a challenging synthetic problem to be addressed. Herein, we describe our efforts in developing divergent syntheses of a wide range of γ-butyrolactones and δ-ketoesters containing all-carbon quaternary centers via copper-catalyzed cyclopropanol ring opening cross couplings with 2-bromo-2,2-dialkyl esters. Our mechanistic studies reveal that unlike the previously reported cases, the formation of α,β-unsaturated enone intermediates is actually essential for the γ-butyrolactone synthesis and also contributes to the formation of the δ-ketoester product. The γ-butyrolactone synthesis is proposed to go through an intermolecular radical conjugate addition to the in situ generated α,β-unsaturated enone followed by an intramolecular radical cyclization to the ester carbonyl double bond. The reactions are effective to build all-carbon quaternary centers and have broad substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhishi Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Xinpei Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Jiawei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Mingji Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
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82
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Luo X, Liu Q, Zhu H, Chen H. Copper-catalysed regioselective sulfenylation of indoles with sodium sulfinates. R Soc Open Sci 2018; 5:180170. [PMID: 29892452 PMCID: PMC5990840 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A copper-catalysed sulfenylation of indoles with sodium sulfinates that affords 3-sulfenylindoles in good-to-excellent yields in N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) is described. In the process, DMF serves not only as a solvent but also as a reductant. This transformation is easy to carry out and has mild reaction conditions and good functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Luo
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shiliugang Road 13th, Guangzhou 510315, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, No.1023, South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Zhu
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shiliugang Road 13th, Guangzhou 510315, People's Republic of China
| | - Huoji Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, No.1023, South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
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83
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Hazra A, Lee MT, Chiu JF, Lalic G. Photoinduced Copper-Catalyzed Coupling of Terminal Alkynes and Alkyl Iodides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5492-5496. [PMID: 29575686 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a photoinduced copper-catalyzed alkylation of terminal alkynes with primary, secondary, or tertiary alkyl iodides as electrophiles. The reaction has a broad substrate scope and can be successfully performed in the presence of ester, nitrile, aryl halide, ketone, sulfonamide, epoxide, alcohol, and amide functional groups. The alkylation is promoted by blue light (λ≈450 nm) and proceeds at room temperature in the absence of any additional metal catalysts. The use of a terpyridine ligand is essential for the success of the reaction and is shown to prevent photoinduced copper-catalyzed polymerization of the starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Hazra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Mitchell T Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Justin F Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Gojko Lalic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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84
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Liu C, Wang Q. Alkenylation of C(sp 3 )-H Bonds by Zincation/Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling with Iodonium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:4727-4731. [PMID: 29479782 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201713278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
α-Vinylation of phosphonates, phosphine oxides, sulfones, sulfonamides, and sulfoxides has been achieved by selective C-H zincation and copper-catalyzed C(sp3 )-C(sp2 ) cross-coupling reaction using vinylphenyliodonium salts. The vinylation transformation proceeds in high efficiency and stereospecificity under mild reaction conditions. This zincative cross-coupling reaction represents a general alkenylation strategy, which is also applicable for α-alkenylation of esters, amides, and nitriles in the synthesis of β,γ-unsaturated carbonyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Liu
- French Family Science Center, Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.,Current address: HitGen Ltd., Tianfu Life Science Park, 88 South Keyuan Road, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Qiu Wang
- French Family Science Center, Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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85
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Ren Y, Cheaib K, Jacquet J, Vezin H, Fensterbank L, Orio M, Blanchard S, Desage-El Murr M. Copper-Catalyzed Aziridination with Redox-Active Ligands: Molecular Spin Catalysis. Chemistry 2018; 24:5086-5090. [PMID: 29356131 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Small-molecule catalysts as mimics of biological systems illustrate the chemists' attempts at emulating the tantalizing abilities displayed by nature's metalloenzymes. Among these innate behaviors, spin multistate reactivity is used by biological systems as it offers thermodynamic leverage towards challenging chemical reactivity but this concept is difficult to translate into the realm of synthetic organometallic catalysis. Here, we report a rare example of molecular spin catalysis involving multistate reactivity in a small-molecule biomimetic copper catalyst applied to aziridination. This behavior is supported by spin state flexibility enabled by the redox-active ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Ren
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Université Paris 06, UMR CNRS 8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, France
| | - Khaled Cheaib
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Université Paris 06, UMR CNRS 8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, France
| | - Jérémy Jacquet
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Université Paris 06, UMR CNRS 8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, France
| | - Hervé Vezin
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, Univ. Lille, CNRS UMR 8516, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Louis Fensterbank
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Université Paris 06, UMR CNRS 8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, France
| | - Maylis Orio
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397, Marseille cedex 20, France
| | - Sébastien Blanchard
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Université Paris 06, UMR CNRS 8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, France
| | - Marine Desage-El Murr
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Université Paris 06, UMR CNRS 8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, France.,Institut de Chimie, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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86
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Mandal A, Selvakumar J, Dana S, Mukherjee U, Baidya M. A Cross-Dehydrogenative Annulation Strategy towards Synthesis of Polyfluorinated Phenanthridinones with Copper. Chemistry 2018; 24:3448-3454. [PMID: 29381235 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The first cross-dehydrogenative annulation of (hetero)aromatic amides with polyfluoro(hetero)arenes is presented. This operationally simple oxidative annulation process is mediated by inexpensive copper salt, accommodates a wide range of substrates with exquisite chemo- and regioselectivity profile, and produces demanding polyfluorinated phenanthridinones in high yields (up to 92 %). Using alkenyl amides under identical conditions, the synthesis of polyfluorinated 2-quinolones has also been accomplished. Given the importance of fluorinated heterocycles in the pharmaceutical industry and drug discovery, this work is highly significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayaraman Selvakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suman Dana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Upasana Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahiuddin Baidya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
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87
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Ghiazza C, Debrauwer V, Billard T, Tlili A. Exploring the Reactivity of Trifluoromethyl Tolueneselenosulfonate with Alkynes under Copper Catalysis. Chemistry 2017; 24:97-100. [PMID: 29152790 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The direct fluoroalkylselenolation of terminal alkynes is reported herein involving shelf stable electrophilic reagents TsSeRF . The use of these reagents allows for the first time performing the reaction under catalytic conditions (copper/ligand). Moreover, the presence of oxygen directing groups allows the selective addition of the reagents to alkynes, therefore yielding a new family of vinyl sulfones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Ghiazza
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ICBMS-UMR CNRS 5246, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Vincent Debrauwer
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ICBMS-UMR CNRS 5246, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Thierry Billard
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ICBMS-UMR CNRS 5246, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne, France.,CERMEP-in vivo imaging, Groupement Hospitalier Est, 59 Bd Pinel, 69003, Lyon, France
| | - Anis Tlili
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ICBMS-UMR CNRS 5246, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
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88
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Li Y, Wang R, Wang T, Cheng XF, Zhou X, Fei F, Wang XS. A Copper-Catalyzed Aerobic [1,3]-Nitrogen Shift through Nitrogen-Radical 4-exo-trig Cyclization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15436-15440. [PMID: 28985027 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A novel radical [1,3]-nitrogen shift catalyzed by copper diacetate under an oxygen atmosphere (1 atm) has been developed for the construction of a diverse range of indole derivatives from α,α-disubstituted benzylamine. In this reaction, oxygen was used as a clean terminal oxidant, and water was produced as the only by-product. Five inert bonds were cleaved, and two C-N bonds and one C-C double bond were constructed in one pot during this transformation. This unique method demonstrated broad application protential for the late-stage modification of biologically active natural products and drugs. Mechanistic investigations indicate that a unique 4-exo-trig cyclization of an aminyl radical onto a phenyl ring is involved in the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Xiu-Fen Cheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Fan Fei
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Xi-Sheng Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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89
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Kiselev AN, Grigorova OK, Averin AD, Syrbu SA, Koifman OI, Beletskaya IP. Direct catalytic arylation of heteroarenes with meso-bromophenyl-substituted porphyrins. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:1524-1532. [PMID: 28845197 PMCID: PMC5550796 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The arylation of mono-, di- and tetra-meso-bromophenyl-substituted porphyrins with the heteroarenes containing "acidic" C-H bonds, such as benzoxazole, benzothiazole and N-methylimidazole was studied in the presence of three alternative catalytic systems: Pd(dba)2/DavePhos/Cs2CO3, Pd(PPh3)4/PivOH/K2CO3 and Pd(OAc)2/Cu(OAc)2/PPh3/K2CO3. The first catalytic system was found to be successful in the reaction with benzoxazole, the second one was less efficient for our purpose, while the third system proved to be most versatile and afforded corresponding mono-, di-, tri- and even tetraarylated derivatives of porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexei Dmitrievich Averin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | | | - Oskar Iosifovich Koifman
- Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 7 Sheremetyevskii prosp., Ivanovo, 153000, Russia
| | - Irina Petrovna Beletskaya
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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90
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Ortiz P, Collados JF, Jumde RP, Otten E, Harutyunyan SR. Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective Alkylation of Enolizable Ketimines with Organomagnesium Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:3041-3044. [PMID: 28156047 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Inexpensive and readily available organomagnesium reagents were used for the catalytic enantioselective alkylation of enolizable N-sulfonyl ketimines. The low reactivity and competing enolization of the ketimines was overcome by the use of a copper-phosphine chiral catalyst, which also rendered the transformation highly chemoselective and enantioselective for a broad range of ketimine substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ortiz
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Juan F Collados
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ravindra P Jumde
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Otten
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Syuzanna R Harutyunyan
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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91
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Abstract
A mild, efficient and regioselective method for para-amination of activated arenes has been developed through a combination of iron and copper catalysis. A diverse range of products were obtained from an operationally simple one-pot, two-step procedure involving bromination of the aryl substrate with the powerful Lewis acid iron(III) triflimide, followed by a copper(I)-catalysed N-arylation reaction. This two-step dehydrogenative process for the regioselective coupling of aromatic C-H bonds with non-activated amines was applicable to anisole-, phenol-, aniline- and acetanilide-type aryl compounds. Importantly, the arene substrates were used as the limiting reagent and required no protecting-group manipulations during the transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. B. Mostafa
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, The Joseph Black BuildingUniversity of GlasgowUniversity AvenueGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| | - Ewen D. D. Calder
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, The Joseph Black BuildingUniversity of GlasgowUniversity AvenueGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| | - Daugirdas T. Racys
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, The Joseph Black BuildingUniversity of GlasgowUniversity AvenueGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| | - Andrew Sutherland
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, The Joseph Black BuildingUniversity of GlasgowUniversity AvenueGlasgowG12 8QQUK
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92
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Abstract
The sequenced addition of RLi to nitriles, trapping with isopropylformate, and dehydration with phosphoryl chloride provides an efficient, direct synthesis of alkene isocyanides. The one-pot sequence involves a series of carefully orchestrated steps: addition, formylation, tautomerization, and dehydration, with CuCN catalyzing a key equilibration of a formyl imine to an N-formyl enamine. The resulting aromatic alkeneisocyanides, that are otherwise challenging to synthesize, engage in an unusual [4+2]-type cycloaddition/1,3-H shift/decyanation sequence to afford substituted naphthalenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, 32 S. 32 nd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-2875
| | - Fraser F. Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, 32 S. 32 nd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-2875
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93
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Yi H, Song C, Li Y, Pao CW, Lee JF, Lei A. Single-Electron Transfer between CuX 2 and Thiols Determined by Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure Analysis: Application in Markovnikov-Type Hydrothiolation of Styrenes. Chemistry 2016; 22:18331-18334. [PMID: 27862461 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal mediated C-S bond formation using thiol compounds has been widely used in recent years. However, there has been less focus on the interaction between the metal and thiol compounds. In this work, we have successfully evidenced the single-electron transfer between CuX2 and thiophenol utilizing EXAFS. The fitting EXAFS results reveal that two halide anions are coordinated with the CuI center, whereas no sulfur atom is observed in the first coordination sphere. This CuI ate complex serves as the key intermediate for the proton transfer in the application of Markovnikov-type hydrothiolation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Chunlan Song
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Yiying Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Chih-Wen Pao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Fu Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P.R. China
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94
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Abstract
Radical style: Several breakthroughs have recently been achieved in enantioselective C(sp3 )-H functionalization through radical activation. These new strategies show how radical chemistry can be used to convert alkanes into functionalized chiral molecules (see scheme; HAT=hydrogen atom transfer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingquan Lu
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
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95
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Huang Z, Lumb JP. A Catalyst-Controlled Aerobic Coupling of ortho-Quinones and Phenols Applied to the Synthesis of Aryl Ethers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:11543-7. [PMID: 27513295 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
ortho-Quinones are underutilized six-carbon-atom building blocks. We herein describe an approach for controlling their reactivity with copper that gives rise to a catalytic aerobic cross-coupling with phenols. The resulting aryl ethers are generated in high yield across a broad substrate scope under mild conditions. This method represents a unique example where the covalent modification of an ortho-quinone is catalyzed by a transition metal, creating new opportunities for their utilization in synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Huang
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Jean-Philip Lumb
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada.
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96
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Hyde S, Veliks J, Liégault B, Grassi D, Taillefer M, Gouverneur V. Copper-Catalyzed Insertion into Heteroatom-Hydrogen Bonds with Trifluorodiazoalkanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:3785-9. [PMID: 26880039 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201511954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed Si-H, B-H, P-H, S-H, and N-H insertion reactions of 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-diazoethane and 1-aryl 2,2,2-trifluorodiazoethanes generated a large number of new fluorine-containing chemical entities for medicinal chemists. With selected Si-H and B-H insertion reactions, we demonstrate successful extension to asymmetric catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Hyde
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Janis Veliks
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Benoît Liégault
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.,Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR-CNRS 5253, AM2N, ENSCM, 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - David Grassi
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Marc Taillefer
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR-CNRS 5253, AM2N, ENSCM, 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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97
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Panchenko SP, Averin AD, Anokhin MV, Maloshitskaya OA, Beletskaya IP. Cu(I)-catalyzed N,N'-diarylation of natural diamines and polyamines with aryl iodides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 11:2297-305. [PMID: 26734078 PMCID: PMC4685767 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cu(I)-catalyzed N,N’-diarylation of natural diamines and polyamines such as putrescine, cadaverine, spermine, spermidine and their homologues is described. Aryl iodides bearing electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups have been employed in the study. The CuI/2-(isobutyryl)cyclohexanone/DMF catalytic system has found to be more efficient in the diarylation of diamines and spermine while the CuI/L-proline/EtCN system proved to be preferable for the diarylation of other tri- and tetraamines like spermidine, norspermidine and norspermine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexei Dmitrievich Averin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | | | | | - Irina Petrovna Beletskaya
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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98
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Abstract
Over the past few years, CuH-catalyzed hydroamination has been discovered and developed as a robust and conceptually novel approach for the synthesis of enantioenriched secondary and tertiary amines. The success in this area of research was made possible through the large body of precedent in copper(I) hydride catalysis and the well-explored use of hydroxylamine esters as electrophilic amine sources in related copper-catalyzed processes. This Minireview details the background, advances, and mechanistic investigations in CuH-catalyzed hydroamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Pirnot
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Yi-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA).
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99
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Tsybizova A, Roithová J. Copper-catalyzed reactions: Research in the gas phase. Mass Spectrom Rev 2016; 35:85-110. [PMID: 25975564 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is becoming an important tool for mechanistic studies in organic and organometallic chemistry. It allows investigation of reaction mixtures including monitoring of reactants, products, and intermediates, studying properties of the intermediates and their reactivity. Studying the reactive species in the gas phase can be advantageously combined with theoretical calculations. This review is focused on ESI-MS studies of copper-catalyzed reactions. Possible effects of the electrospray process on the transfer of the copper complexes to the gas phase are discussed. The plethora of mass spectrometric approaches is demonstrated on copper mediated C-H activations, cross coupling reactions, rearrangements, organocuprate chemistry, and other examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Tsybizova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science; Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Roithová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science; Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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100
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry R Chemler
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Complex, SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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