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Ungar P, Schindler AK, Polujanski S, Rotthoff T. Online programs to strengthen the mental health of medical students: A systematic review of the literature. Med Educ Online 2022; 27:2082909. [PMID: 35642839 PMCID: PMC9176341 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2022.2082909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Medical students have been shown to be vulnerable to mental stress. Strengthening individual protective characteristics can be one cornerstone for promoting medical students' mental health and thereby preventing mental disorders. Online programs are an opportunity to provide appropriate options that have the advantage of being accessible from anywhere, at any time, and with a low entry threshold. This review provides a literature overview of current online programs for medical students. The findings can serve as a point of reference for designing effective online programs for mental health-promotion and mental disorder-prevention in medical curricula. We applied a systematic literature search in PubMed, ERIC, Cochrane, and Web of Science. Programs offered had to be web-based, and the addressed group had to be medical students. Protective individual characteristics for mental health and information on the programs' effectiveness were included in the search. As outcomes, we included mental health, burnout, symptoms of depression, anxiety, and well-being. The search yielded 723 articles; of them, 11 met the inclusion criteria. Programs found were grouped according to their focus: mental health literacy, mindfulness, based on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, or peer support. Two studies showed significant reductions in perceived stress; one study indicated reduced burnout levels. One program had significant immediate effects on mindfulness, empathy, and resilience; two studies indicated strengthening coping strategies. Two programs were qualitatively assessed as helpful; two studies are ongoing. Nine studies lacked control groups; two randomized controlled trials were ongoing. Only a few online programs with limited evidence of effectiveness were found. They addressed protective individual characteristics, highlighting their importance for mental health. Thus, more health-promoting and mental disorder-preventing programs with high-quality effectiveness studies are necessary. An integration of such programs into curricula would allow for greater utilization and could give greater emphasis to and prioritize mental health in medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Ungar
- Department of Medical Education (DEMEDA), University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | | | - Sabine Polujanski
- Department of Medical Education (DEMEDA), University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Rotthoff
- Department of Medical Education (DEMEDA), University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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Abstract
In a two-page tenure letter, senior faculty can make or break a career. This power has an outsized impact on Black academics and other scholars with marginalized identities, who are awarded tenure at lower rates than their white colleagues. We suggest that this difference in tenure rates is due to an implicit, overly narrow definition of academic excellence that does not recognize all the contributions that Black scholars make to their departments, institutions and academia in general. These unrecognized contributions include the (often invisible) burdens of mentoring and representation that these scholars bear disproportionately. Here we propose a set of practical steps for writing inclusive, anti-racist tenure letters, including what to do before writing the letter, what to include (and not include) in the letter itself, and what to do after writing the letter to further support the candidate seeking tenure. We are a group of mostly non-Black academics in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) based in the United States who are learning about and working toward Black liberation in academia; we hope these recommendations will help ongoing efforts to move toward an inclusive academia that appreciates and rewards diverse ways of doing, learning and knowing.
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Betts KR, O’Donoghue AC, Johnson M, Boudewyns V, Paquin RS. Detecting and Reporting Deceptive Prescription Drug Promotion: Differences Across Consumer and Physician Audiences and by Number and Type of Deceptive Claims and Tactics. Health Commun 2022; 37:1609-1621. [PMID: 33840305 PMCID: PMC9511828 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2021.1909264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Bad Ad program provides an avenue for healthcare providers to report false or misleading prescription drug promotion. Yet, whether healthcare providers can detect such promotion, and whether they believe it should be reported to FDA, remain open questions. Consumer audiences may also be capable of detecting such promotion and believe it should be reported, but even less is known about capability and belief in this population. Across two experiments using mock pharmaceutical websites, this research investigated capability to detect and inclination to report deceptive prescription drug promotion among a sample of primary care physicians and consumers. Study 1 varied the number of deceptive claims and tactics on a website for a chronic pain medication, operationalized as none, two, or five. Study 2 varied the type of deceptive content on a website for a weight loss medication, operationalized as none, implicit, or explicit. Findings reveal that, in line with expectations from FDA's Bad Ad program, physicians can detect deceptive promotion and tend to believe it should be reported. Consumers are also capable of detecting deceptive promotion and tend to believe it should be reported, but their capabilities and beliefs regarding reporting are generally lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R. Betts
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Office of Prescription Drug Promotion, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD, USA 20993
| | - Amie C. O’Donoghue
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Office of Prescription Drug Promotion, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD, USA 20993
| | - Mihaela Johnson
- RTI International, Center for Communication Science, 3040 E. Cornwallis Rd., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA 27709
| | - Vanessa Boudewyns
- RTI International, Center for Communication Science, 3040 E. Cornwallis Rd., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA 27709
| | - Ryan S. Paquin
- RTI International, Center for Communication Science, 3040 E. Cornwallis Rd., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA 27709
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August E, Power L, Youatt EJ, Anderson OS. What Does It Mean to Be a Clinical Track Faculty Member in Public Health? A Survey of Clinical Track Faculty Across the United States. Public Health Rep 2022; 137:1235-1241. [PMID: 34623929 PMCID: PMC9574313 DOI: 10.1177/00333549211048787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The clinical professor track has expanded and reflects a trend toward hiring non-tenure-track faculty in public health; however, little is known about this track. We documented characteristics of clinical faculty at US schools of public health. METHODS We surveyed clinical faculty at Council on Education for Public Health-accredited schools of public health in the United States in 2019, identified via each school's website. We invited faculty (n = 264) who had the word clinical in their title (ie, apparently eligible faculty), had a working email address, and were not authors of this article to provide information about their rank, degree credentials, expectations for teaching, service, research and practice, and promotion criteria at their institution. In addition, we used open-ended responses to explain and contextualize quantitative data. RESULTS Of 264 apparently eligible faculty surveyed, 88 (33.3%) responded. We included 81 eligible clinical faculty in our final sample, of whom 46 (56.8%) were assistant professors and 72 (88.9%) had a terminal degree; 57 of 80 (71.3%) had an initial contract of ≤2 years or no contract. Most clinical faculty listed service (96.2%), teaching (95.0%), and student advising/mentoring (86.3%) as duties; fewer clinical faculty reported research (55.0%), practice (33.8%), or clinic (7.5%) duties. Only 37.1% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that promotion policies for clinical track faculty were clear. CONCLUSIONS If most clinical faculty are at the lowest academic rank, with short contracts and unclear expectations, it will be difficult for clinical faculty to advance and challenging for schools of public health to benefit from this track. Clear institutional expectations for scope of work and promotion may enhance the contribution of clinical faculty to schools of public health and help define this track.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella August
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Laura Power
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Emily J. Youatt
- Department of Health Behavior, Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Olivia S. Anderson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Chen J, Peng J, Ma C, Zhang L, Wu X, Wei H, Li J, Lü X, Gao R. Co-Expression of Pig IL-2 and Fusion Bovine Cathelicidin Gene by Recombinant Plasmids in Yeast and Their Promotion of Mouse Antibacterial Defense. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11:1491. [PMID: 36290395 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In order to develop an effective and safe immunomodulator to enhance the antimicrobial bioactivity and immunity of animals against infectious bacterial diseases, a recombinant plasmid pGAPZαA-IL2-B co-expressing pig interleukin-2 (PIL-2) and fused bovine cathelicidin (FBC) genes were constructed using the 2A self-cleavage technique. After being expressed in Pichia pastoris strain SMD1168, the recombinant yeast was administered orally to 5-week-old female ICR mice. The control mice were similarly dosed with P. pastoris with a blank plasmid or FBC recombinant plasmid alone. At 28 days post-treatment, the mice were challenged intraperitoneally with virulent strains of either E. coli or S. aureus. Compared with the control groups, the mice that received recombinant yeast co-expressing PIL-2/FBC manifested significant increases in the number of leukocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, IgG, and the gene expressions of TLRs(TLR1,4,6,9), antimicrobial peptides(CRP4 and CRAMP) and cytokines (IL-2, 4, 6, 7, 12, 15, 23, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) in the blood. Furthermore, the treated mice displayed significantly higher survival than the other two control groups after the challenge. These results suggest that the antimicrobial activity and immunity of animals can be effectively enhanced by the in vivo co-expression of IL-2 and the FBS gene, which can facilitate the development of new immunopotentiation molecules to overcome the infection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
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Bexultanova G, Prakofjewa J, Sartori M, Kalle R, Pieroni A, Sõukand R. Promotion of Wild Food Plant Use Diversity in the Soviet Union, 1922-1991. Plants (Basel) 2022. [PMID: 36297694 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6638909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In the Soviet Union, wild food played a secondary role in diet (as cultivated species dominated). Yet the authorities eventually acknowledged their importance as diet diversifiers and a safety reservoir, and started to promote their use through various means, including publishing books on the use of wild food plants. These government publications appeared during a specific time, and therefore, we mapped all centralized publications in order to understand the dynamics of the promotion of wild-plant-related knowledge. For deeper analysis, we selected a sample of 12 books promoting wild food plants, and compared the taxa and uses represented in these works, which fall into two key periods: during World War II (1941-1943) and after the war (1953-1989). A total of 323 plant taxa belonging to 69 plant families were named, of which Rosaceae had the highest number of proposed food uses, prompting the reader to explore the use of borderland species. Most diverse food uses were attributed to Sorbus aucuparia, followed by Rosa and Vaccinium oxycoccos. Wartime books had fewer taxa with less variety, with a clear preference for staple food and substitutes, while post-war books promoted desserts and alcoholic drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayana Bexultanova
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia, Italy
| | - Julia Prakofjewa
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia, Italy
| | - Matteo Sartori
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia, Italy
- Department of History, University of Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 240, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Raivo Kalle
- University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II 9, 12042 Pollenzo, Italy
| | - Andrea Pieroni
- University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II 9, 12042 Pollenzo, Italy
- Medical Analysis Department, Tishk International University, 100 Meter Street and Mosul Road, Erbil 44001, Iraq
| | - Renata Sõukand
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia, Italy
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Bexultanova G, Prakofjewa J, Sartori M, Kalle R, Pieroni A, Sõukand R. Promotion of Wild Food Plant Use Diversity in the Soviet Union, 1922-1991. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:plants11202670. [PMID: 36297694 PMCID: PMC9610915 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In the Soviet Union, wild food played a secondary role in diet (as cultivated species dominated). Yet the authorities eventually acknowledged their importance as diet diversifiers and a safety reservoir, and started to promote their use through various means, including publishing books on the use of wild food plants. These government publications appeared during a specific time, and therefore, we mapped all centralized publications in order to understand the dynamics of the promotion of wild-plant-related knowledge. For deeper analysis, we selected a sample of 12 books promoting wild food plants, and compared the taxa and uses represented in these works, which fall into two key periods: during World War II (1941-1943) and after the war (1953-1989). A total of 323 plant taxa belonging to 69 plant families were named, of which Rosaceae had the highest number of proposed food uses, prompting the reader to explore the use of borderland species. Most diverse food uses were attributed to Sorbus aucuparia, followed by Rosa and Vaccinium oxycoccos. Wartime books had fewer taxa with less variety, with a clear preference for staple food and substitutes, while post-war books promoted desserts and alcoholic drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayana Bexultanova
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia, Italy
| | - Julia Prakofjewa
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia, Italy
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Matteo Sartori
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia, Italy
- Department of History, University of Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 240, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Raivo Kalle
- University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II 9, 12042 Pollenzo, Italy
| | - Andrea Pieroni
- University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II 9, 12042 Pollenzo, Italy
- Medical Analysis Department, Tishk International University, 100 Meter Street and Mosul Road, Erbil 44001, Iraq
| | - Renata Sõukand
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia, Italy
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (R.S.)
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Budd M, Gardner R, Bhutani G, Gardner K, Iqbal A, Harding C, Baguley C, Chauhan U. Can a new role, the (Trainee) Associate Psychological Practitioner (T/APP), add value in General Practice? Results from the pilot year evaluation. Prim Health Care Res Dev 2022; 23:e61. [PMID: 36172708 DOI: 10.1017/S1463423622000482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The deployment of (Trainee) Associate Psychological Practitioners (T/APPs) to deliver brief psychological interventions focusing on preventing mental health deterioration and promoting emotional wellbeing in General Practice settings is a novel development in the North West of England. As the need and demand for psychological practitioners increases, new workforce supply routes are required to meet this growth. Aims: To evaluate the clinical impact and efficacy of the mental health prevention and promotion service, provided by the T/APPs and the acceptability of the role from the perspective of the workforce and the role to T/APPs, patients and services. Methods: A mixed-methods design was used. To evaluate clinical outcomes, patients completed measures of wellbeing (WEMWBS), depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7) and resilience (BRS) at the first session, final session and at a 4–6 week follow-up. Paired-samples t-tests were conducted comparing scores from session 1 and session 4, and session 1 and follow-up for each of the four outcome measures. To evaluate acceptability, questionnaires were sent to General Practice staff, T/APPs and patients to gather qualitative and quantitative feedback on their views of the T/APP role. Quantitative responses were collated and summarised. Qualitative responses were analysed using inductive summative content analysis to identify themes. Results: T-test analysis revealed clinically and statistically significant reductions in depression and anxiety and elevations in wellbeing and resiliency between session 1 and session 4, and at follow-up. Moderate–large effect sizes were recorded. Acceptability of the T/APP role was established across General Practice staff, T/APPs and patients. Content analysis revealed two main themes: positive feedback and constructive feedback. Positive sub-themes included accessibility of support, type of support, patient benefit and primary care network benefit. Constructive sub-themes included integration of the role and limitations to the support. Conclusions: The introduction of T/APPs into General Practice settings to deliver brief mental health prevention and promotion interventions is both clinically effective and acceptable to patients, General Practice staff and psychology graduates.
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Fields SA, Tanner AR, Bors KP, Bottera AR. Promoting a research culture in family medicine: Five years of scholarly works and activities group. Int J Psychiatry Med 2022; 57:441-449. [PMID: 35758328 DOI: 10.1177/00912174221111660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The professional advancement of Family Medicine faculty requires contributions in the form of clinical service, teaching, and scholarly activity. While teaching and clinical work are part of the everyday routine of faculty members, a research culture can be challenging to build. METHODS Our department started a Scholarly Works and Activities Group (SWAG). The group's aim is to promote a collegial, collaborative research culture in the department. Meetings occur monthly, and faculty have the opportunity to discuss scholarly projects with peers, as well as promotion/tenure goals. Minutes from each meeting are sent to all faculty members in the department. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine if SWAG meetings impacted faculty scholarly activity. Data were collected on presentations, publications, and collaborations from Curriculum Vitae (CVs), and were compared between 5 years prior to the intervention and the 5 years since. RESULTS Results indicated increased scholarly activity in the time period during the SWAG group meetings. Faculty presentations increased by 34% while faculty publications more than doubled (221% increase), with publications constituting a small Cohen's d effect size. Interestingly, faculty collaboration did not increase. Two faculty members were promoted during the 5 years study period, and the total number of faculty who published went from three to eight. CONCLUSIONS Implementation of a monthly SWAG meeting led to an increase in faculty peer reviewed publications. Furthermore, two faculty members were promoted during the time of the intervention. A monthly faculty meeting, even when brief, can help promote and build a research culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Fields
- Department of Family Medicine, Charleston Division, 378797West Virginia University School of Medicine, Charleston, WV, USA
| | - Andy R Tanner
- Department of Family Medicine, Charleston Division, 378797West Virginia University School of Medicine, Charleston, WV, USA
| | - Kathleen P Bors
- Department of Family Medicine, Charleston Division, 378797West Virginia University School of Medicine, Charleston, WV, USA
| | - Angeline R Bottera
- Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, Charleston Division, 378797West Virginia University School of Medicine, Charleston, WV, USA
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Lu Y, Yu K, Jin J, Gan X. The Effects of a Multicomponent Social Support Intervention on Physical Fitness and Exercise Attitude in Children: A 12-Week Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:9922. [PMID: 36011556 PMCID: PMC9407873 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The current study is intended to assess the effects of a multicomponent social support intervention program on grip strength, sprinting, jumping, agility, flexibility, core strength and exercise attitude among children over a period of twelve weeks. Method: This study followed a randomized parallel design in which 366 children (age: 9.35 ± 1.12 years) in the 3rd−5th grade at an elementary school in China were allocated to an intervention group (n = 183) or a control group (n = 183). Participants were assessed twice (baseline and postintervention) for the following tests: (i) grip strength, (ii) 50 m dash, (iii) rope skipping, (iv) sit-ups, (v) sit-and-reach, and (vi) exercise attitude. The intervention group received the “Exercise Methods and Wellness Knowledge Guide (EMWKG)” leaflet three times a week. The control group was not required to make any changes. Results: Significant increases in pre−post left-hand grip strength (Cohen’s d = 0.10, p < 0.001), right-hand grip strength (Cohen’s d = 0.09, p < 0.001), and behavioral intention (Cohen’s d = 0.17, p < 0.01) were observed in the intervention group. Students in the control group showed significant decreases in three indicators: both 50 m (Cohen’s d = 0.19, p < 0.01) and sit-ups (Cohen’s d = 0.14, p < 0.05) as well as sit-and-reach (Cohen’s d = 0.46, p < 0.001). Significant differences (p < 0.001) were found between the two groups in right-hand grip strength (F = 7.109, ηp2 = 0.020), sit-and-reach (F = 11.255, ηp2 = 0.031), and subjective standards (F = 15.461, ηp2 = 0.043). A comparison of the post hoc test results showed that the intervention group scored 0.519 kg (95% CI: 0.136−0.901, Cohen’s d = 0.27), 0.944 cm (95% CI: 0.0391−1.497, Cohen’s d = 0.35), and 2.535 points (95% CI: 1.267−3.803, Cohen’s d = 0.41) higher than the control group in right-hand grip strength, sit-and-reach, and subjective standards, respectively. Conclusion: This combined social support theory-based intervention was effective in improving exercise attitude and fitness among children in 12 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijuan Lu
- Department of Sport Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kehong Yu
- Department of Sport Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Center for Sports Modernization and Development, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jun Jin
- Wensan Education Group, Wensan Street Primary School, Hangzhou 310061, China
| | - Xiaomei Gan
- Department of Sport Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Abstract
Extant literature has established the effectiveness of various mental health promotion and prevention strategies, including novel interventions. However, comprehensive literature encompassing all these aspects and challenges and opportunities in implementing such interventions in different settings is still lacking. Therefore, in the current review, we aimed to synthesize existing literature on various mental health promotion and prevention interventions and their effectiveness. Additionally, we intend to highlight various novel approaches to mental health care and their implications across different resource settings and provide future directions. The review highlights the (1) concept of preventive psychiatry, including various mental health promotions and prevention approaches, (2) current level of evidence of various mental health preventive interventions, including the novel interventions, and (3) challenges and opportunities in implementing concepts of preventive psychiatry and related interventions across the settings. Although preventive psychiatry is a well-known concept, it is a poorly utilized public health strategy to address the population's mental health needs. It has wide-ranging implications for the wellbeing of society and individuals, including those suffering from chronic medical problems. The researchers and policymakers are increasingly realizing the potential of preventive psychiatry; however, its implementation is poor in low-resource settings. Utilizing novel interventions, such as mobile-and-internet-based interventions and blended and stepped-care models of care can address the vast mental health need of the population. Additionally, it provides mental health services in a less-stigmatizing and easily accessible, and flexible manner. Furthermore, employing decision support systems/algorithms for patient management and personalized care and utilizing the digital platform for the non-specialists' training in mental health care are valuable additions to the existing mental health support system. However, more research concerning this is required worldwide, especially in the low-and-middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Snehil Gupta
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Bhopal, India
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Fenton A, Cooper-Ryan AM, Hardey M(M, Ahmed W. Football Fandom as a Platform for Digital Health Promotion and Behaviour Change: A Mobile App Case Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19148417. [PMID: 35886270 PMCID: PMC9317557 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: The last decade has seen a dramatic shift toward the study of fitness surveillance, thanks in part to the emergence of mobile health (mHealth) apps that allow users to track their health through a variety of data-driven insights. This study examines the adoption trends and community mediation of the mobile fitness application ‘FanFit’, a platform aimed at promoting physical activity among sports fans by creating a fitness app branded to their favourite team for health promotion. Objective: Our study looked at the impact of a specially designed mobile app (FanFit) as a digital health intervention for initiating and maintaining physical activity as part of football club membership. Our analysis indicates that app users will adopt healthier behaviours as a result of the app’s sense of fan community and behaviour change. Methods: The findings reported here are based on an implementation of the FanFit app and, in particular, on those who participated in a more in-depth study (n = 30). These participants were Rangers FC supporters with a mix of genders (n = 19 males and n = 11 females). Focus groups and interviews were conducted with participants to ascertain users’ perspectives on the most effective methods for nudging users toward adopting and maintaining a pattern of fitness behaviours. Results: The findings show that the user community was interested in fitness and wanted to live a ‘healthy lifestyle,’ which was augmented and fuelled by the app’s competitive architecture design. Furthermore, the data reveal a new fan-health discourse about a person’s developing wants, talents, and identities as embodied beings. Conclusions: We have developed and presented valid links between the use of sports club apps and health programmes. The app could be useful for sports programmes and club providers looking for mHealth applications that provide community support through fan discourse with opportunities for both male and female fans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Fenton
- Business School, University of Chester, Chester CH1 4BJ, UK;
| | | | | | - Wasim Ahmed
- Stirling Management School, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)1786-467333
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Yao H. Analysis Model of Consumer Sentiment Tendency of Commodities in E-Commerce. Front Psychol 2022; 13:887923. [PMID: 35756311 PMCID: PMC9218332 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.887923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Users are increasingly turning to the internet to acquire and consume goods. Online purchasing builds demand between customers in modern years. E-commerce (e-commerce) is a business strategy that allows individuals and businesses to buy and sell goods and services through the Internet. Ecommerce can be used on computers, tablets, cellphones, and other smart devices, and it operates in four key market categories. The way individuals buy and consume goods and services has changed as a result of e-commerce. People are increasingly using their computers and smart devices to place orders for things that can be delivered quickly to their homes. In the 1960s, ecommerce made use of an electronic system called electronic data interchange to help in document conversion. In the world of e-commerce, Amazon is a monster. It is, in reality, the world's largest online store, and it is still growing. As a result, it has become a significant roadblock in the retail industry, prompting some major merchants to rethink their plans and adjust their focus. This article is based on literary reviews. Developing a research framework for consumer trends, particularly in terms of purchasing behavior, is very much necessary. The sample size for this investigation was determined using a simple rule of thumb for successful partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) estimation. Consumer sentiment tendencies play a major role in this research. This research's most valuable factors include a promotion, price, brand loyalty, product review, and product quality. We looked into how these aspects analyzed a customer's tendency. These are the primary topics of discussion in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yao
- Zhejiang Vocational College of Special Education, Hangzhou, China
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Gu J, Hong JT, Lin Y, Yan J, Chen S. Correlates of Meeting the Muscle-Strengthening Exercise Guidelines in Children and Adolescent. Front Public Health 2022; 10:854100. [PMID: 35712264 PMCID: PMC9197157 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.854100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the potential correlates of muscle-strengthening exercise (MSE) in Chinese children and adolescents. A convenient sample (n = 3733) was recruited into this study. Self-reported questionnaires were used to collect information on sex, grade, ethnicity, residence, family composition, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), family income, parent's education level and MSE in children and adolescents as well as their parent(s). The prevalence of meeting the MSE guidelines was 62.1%. Children and adolescents who were in primary or middle school were more likely to meet the MSE guidelines ([primary school] OR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.16-4.68; [middle school] OR = 4.62, 95% CI: 2.27-9.39). Children and adolescents with Han ethnicity had a higher likelihood to meet the MSE guidelines (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.37-2.83). Children and adolescents meeting the MVPA recommendation were more likely to meet the MSE guidelines (OR = 5.41, 95% CI: 3.97-7.37). Relative to those who had a parent not meeting the MSE guidelines, those with either father or mother meeting the MSE guidelines were more likely to meet the MSE guidelines (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.13-1.55). Our study may offer evidence for future MSE interventions in Chinese children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Gu
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Tao Hong
- Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science (Shanghai Anti-Doping Agency), Shanghai, China
| | - Youliang Lin
- Department of Physical Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Sitong Chen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Stoeckl EM, Garren ME, Nishii A, Evans J, Minter RM, Sandhu G, Jung SA. TrustEd: A Tool for Developing Intraoperative Entrustment Skills. J Surg Educ 2022; 79:574-578. [PMID: 34972669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Toolkits to assess progressive resident autonomy are integral to the movement toward competency-based surgical education. OpTrust is one such tool validated for intraoperative assessment of both faculty and resident entrustment behaviors. We developed a supplementary tool to OpTrust that would aid faculty and residents in making meaningful improvements in entrustment behavior by providing talking points and reflection items tailored to different motivational styles as defined by Regulatory Focus Theory (RFT). DESIGN Existing literature about surgical entrustment was used to build a list of sample dialogue and self-reflection items to use in the operating room. This list was distributed as a survey to individuals familiar with OpTrust and RFT, asking them to categorize each item as Promotion-oriented, Prevention-oriented, or Either. The respondents then met to discuss survey items that did not reach a consensus until the group agreed on their categorization. SETTING University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan PARTICIPANTS: Clinician and education researchers familiar with intraoperative entrustment and RFT RESULTS: Eight respondents completed the survey categorizing the talking points and reflection items by RFT (100% response rate). Six of these respondents attended the additional meeting to discuss discordant items. The input from this panel was used to develop "TrustEd," the supplementary tool that faculty and residents can quickly reference before beginning a case. CONCLUSION Although tools such as OpTrust allow intraoperative entrustment behaviors to be quantified, TrustEd offers concrete strategies for faculty and residents who are interested in improving those behaviors over time. Further study is needed to assess whether the use of TrustEd does in fact lead to durable behavior change and improvement in OpTrust scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Stoeckl
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Margaret E Garren
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Akira Nishii
- Department of Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Julie Evans
- Department of Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rebecca M Minter
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Gurjit Sandhu
- Department of Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sarah A Jung
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
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Garbin A, Díaz J, Bui V, Morrison J, Fisher BE, Palacios C, Estrada-Darley I, Haase D, Wing D, Amezcua L, Jakowec MW, Kaplan C, Petzinger G. Promoting Physical Activity in a Spanish-Speaking Latina Population of Low Socioeconomic Status With Chronic Neurological Disorders: Proof-of-Concept Study. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e34312. [PMID: 35442197 PMCID: PMC9069293 DOI: 10.2196/34312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) is known to improve quality of life (QoL) as well as reduce mortality and disease progression in individuals with chronic neurological disorders. However, Latina women are less likely to participate in recommended levels of PA due to common socioeconomic barriers, including limited resources and access to exercise programs. Therefore, we developed a community-based intervention with activity monitoring and behavioral coaching to target these barriers and facilitate sustained participation in an exercise program promoting PA. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility and efficacy of a community-based intervention to promote PA through self-monitoring via a Fitbit and behavioral coaching among Latina participants with chronic neurological disorders. METHODS We conducted a proof-of-concept study among 21 Spanish-speaking Latina participants recruited from the Los Angeles County and University of Southern California (LAC+USC) neurology clinic; participants enrolled in the 16-week intervention at The Wellness Center at The Historic General Hospital in Los Angeles. Demographic data were assessed at baseline. Feasibility was defined by participant attrition and Fitbit adherence. PA promotion was determined by examining change in time spent performing moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) over the 16-week period. The effect of behavioral coaching was assessed by quantifying the difference in MVPA on days when coaching occurred versus on days without coaching. Change in psychometric measures (baseline vs postintervention) and medical center visits (16 weeks preintervention vs during the intervention) were also examined. RESULTS Participants were of low socioeconomic status and acculturation. A total of 19 out of 21 (90%) participants completed the study (attrition 10%), with high Fitbit wear adherence (mean 90.31%, SD 10.12%). Time performing MVPA gradually increased by a mean of 0.16 (SD 0.23) minutes per day (P<.001), which was equivalent to an increase of approximately 18 minutes in MVPA over the course of the 16-week study period. Behavioral coaching enhanced intervention effectiveness as evidenced by a higher time spent on MVPA on days when coaching occurred via phone (37 min/day, P=.02) and in person (45.5 min/day, P=.01) relative to days without coaching (24 min/day). Participants improved their illness perception (effect size g=0.30) and self-rated QoL (effect size g=0.32). Additionally, a reduction in the number of medical center visits was observed (effect size r=0.44), and this reduction was associated with a positive change in step count during the study period (P.=04). CONCLUSIONS Self-monitoring with behavioral coaching is a feasible community-based intervention for PA promotion among Latina women of low socioeconomic status with chronic neurological conditions. PA is known to be important for brain health in neurological conditions but remains relatively unexplored in minority populations. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04820153; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04820153.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Garbin
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO, United States
- Physical Therapy Program, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jesús Díaz
- Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Vy Bui
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Janina Morrison
- Primary Care Internal Medicine, The Wellness Center, Los Angeles County + University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Beth E Fisher
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Carina Palacios
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Danielle Haase
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David Wing
- Exercise and Physical Activity Resource Center, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Lilyana Amezcua
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michael W Jakowec
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Charles Kaplan
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Giselle Petzinger
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Faucett EA, Brenner MJ, Thompson DM, Flanary VA. Tackling the Minority Tax: A Roadmap to Redistributing Engagement in Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Initiatives. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 166:1174-1181. [PMID: 35380882 DOI: 10.1177/01945998221091696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Academic medical centers striving to implement diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) and antiracism initiatives often ask faculty to volunteer substantial time to committee work, recruitment, mentoring, community, and administrative responsibilities. These requests are not in lieu of current workload and seldom count toward scholarship; the service may go unrecognized, unrewarded, and uncompensated. URiM faculty (underrepresented in medicine) providing such service thus pay a minority tax when precious time is syphoned away from career-advancing activities and personal growth. The resulting strain on available resources has social, psychological, and monetary ramifications that can undermine the long-term objectives of DEI initiatives. We examine the facets of the minority tax, consider the current state of diversity, and present a roadmap to redistribute, reform, and reduce URiM taxation through shared engagement in DEI initiatives. Key interventions include ascribing value to DEI efforts, implementing evidence-based policies to reduce bias, and promoting mentorship, sponsorship, and allyship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erynne A Faucett
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.,Department of Child Health, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Michael J Brenner
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Dana M Thompson
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Valerie A Flanary
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Office of Diversity and Inclusion, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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68
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Ranpariya VK, Fathy R, Chu B, Wang S, Lipoff JB. Patterns of Promotional Content by Dermatology Influencers on TikTok. JMIR Dermatol 2022; 5:e34935. [PMID: 37632857 PMCID: PMC10501523 DOI: 10.2196/34935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Varun K Ranpariya
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Ramie Fathy
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Brian Chu
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sonia Wang
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jules B Lipoff
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Abstract
Brain reserve definitions foster debate and disagreements. A consensus definition of brain reserve would fill gaps in converging ongoing research and action plans to promote brain health. Different terms are used for the capacity to adapt to life hardships and cognitive and social compliance and to neutralize or compensate for age-related neurological degeneration to prevent impaired cognition. Brain reserve, resilience, cognitive reserve, and brain maintenance have been used usually in isolation, but at times interchangeably. However, the need remains for a simplified overarching definition of brain reserve. Brain health is a continuous development and exercise of the brain, and thus the brain reserve requires a definition encompassing this continuum. We propose for discussion a new definition of brain reserve that incorporates available definitions and emphasizes the dynamic and interactive nature of a healthy brain. Brain reserve is the lifelong, dynamic, interactive, accumulating capacity to resist physical, emotional, and/or social harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Hachinski
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abolfazl Avan
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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70
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Purcell R, Pilkington V, Carberry S, Reid D, Gwyther K, Hall K, Deacon A, Manon R, Walton CC, Rice S. An Evidence-Informed Framework to Promote Mental Wellbeing in Elite Sport. Front Psychol 2022; 13:780359. [PMID: 35250720 PMCID: PMC8890033 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.780359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Elite athletes, coaches and high-performance staff are exposed to a range of stressors that have been shown to increase their susceptibility to experiencing mental ill-health. Despite this, athletes may be less inclined than the general population to seek support for their mental health due to stigma, perceptions of limited psychological safety within sport to disclose mental health difficulties (e.g., selection concerns) and/or fears of help-seeking signifying weakness in the context of high performance sport. Guidance on the best ways to promote mental health within sporting environments is increasing, though current frameworks and position statements require greater focus on a whole of system approach, in which the needs of athlete, coaches and high-performance staff are considered within the context of the broader ecological system in which they operate and perform. This paper synthesizes existing research, reviewed for translatability by mental health professionals working in elite sport, to provide an evidence-informed framework with real world utility to promote mentally healthy environments for all stakeholders in elite sporting organizations, from athletes through to administrators. Recommendations are provided to positively impact the mental wellbeing of athletes and support staff, which may in turn influence athletic performance. This framework is intended to provide sporting organizations with evidence-informed or best practice principles on which they can develop or progress their policies to support mental health promotion and prevent the onset of mental health difficulties. It is intended that the framework can be adapted or tailored by elite sporting organizations based upon their unique cultural, contextual and resourcing circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Purcell
- Orygen, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Vita Pilkington
- Orygen, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Serena Carberry
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Reid
- Focus Coaching, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kate Gwyther
- Orygen, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kate Hall
- Australian Football League, Docklands, VIC, Australia
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam Deacon
- Consultant Psychiatrist, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ranjit Manon
- Australian Football League, Docklands, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Courtney C. Walton
- Orygen, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon Rice
- Orygen, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Youth Mood Clinic, Orygen Youth Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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71
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Okello JJ, Just DR, Jogo W, Kwikiriza N, Tesfaye H. Do Behavioral Interventions Increase the Intake of Biofortified Foods in School Lunch Meals? Evidence from a Field Experiment with Elementary School Children in Ethiopia. Curr Dev Nutr 2022; 6:nzac008. [PMID: 35224419 PMCID: PMC8866104 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many African countries are seeking to improve nutrition by introducing biofortified foods in school feeding programs. These programs are generally designed to create demand for biofortified foods both in and outside of school. Finding ways to encourage child acceptance of novel biofortified foods is key to the success of this strategy. OBJECTIVES The aim was to assess effects of 2 behavioral interventions in promoting the consumption of biofortified foods as part of school lunch meals. METHODS The study is based on a field experiment involving 360 school-going children of in the third, fourth, and sixth grades. We tested if structured provision of information about the nutritional benefits of a biofortified food and its association with an aspirational figure influence its consumption when served alongside a favorite local food as part of school lunch meal. Six schools in Tigray, Ethiopia, were randomly selected to participate, with 4 participating in the Orange-Fleshed Sweetpotato (OFSP) Program. Of the 4 participating in the program, 2 were assigned to provide educational information about sweetpotato, whereas 2 presented the same information plus depictions of an aspirational figure (a famous local athlete) associated with the sweetpotato. RESULTS Provision of information on the nutritional benefits of biofortified food combined with an aspirational figure resulted in increased consumption of biofortified food by children. However, provision of the information alone did not detectably increase consumption. An analysis of trends over the course of the study revealed no discernable decay effect. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the potential for relatively inexpensive behavioral interventions to increase acceptance of novel biofortified foods among children in a developing-country context. Larger studies with more varied interventions and larger numbers of participating schools could address several of the weaknesses in this study and establish more robust findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David R Just
- The Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Seng GJ, Chiu YN, Tsai WC, Lin HY, Li SC, Hsiao MN, Liu TJ, Chen HM, Shih A, Chang YC, Who Cst Team, Soong WT. Promotion and implementation effectiveness of World Health Organization's Caregiver Skills Training program in Taiwan. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:904380. [PMID: 36117658 PMCID: PMC9470946 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.904380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) developed the Caregiver Skills Training for Families of Children with Developmental Delays and Disabilities (CST) with support from Autism Speaks to address the resource gaps and worldwide needs for interventions for children with developmental disorders or delays, especially those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and their families. Evidence has indicated that parent-mediated interventions benefit both caregivers and children by strengthening caregivers' knowledge and confidence and children's social communication skills and behavioral regulation. The CST-Taiwan team began the prepilot field trial in 2017 and developed the project to serve families in various locations. This study (1) delineated the adaptations and promotion of CST-Taiwan; (2) determined the program's effectiveness in the promotional stage, in terms of caregiver and child outcomes, and (3) examined the maintenance of its effects. The materials, delivery, and facilitator training procedure of the original CST were adapted to Taiwan. The quantitative data indicated that CST-Taiwan is a promising program, it positively affected caregiver knowledge and confidence and reduced the severity of the children's autistic symptoms. The 3-month follow-up results suggested that the effects persisted. Thus, CST-Taiwan, and its promotional strategies are feasible and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Jye Seng
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Nan Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Che Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yuan Lin
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Su-Chen Li
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ni Hsiao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tseng-Jung Liu
- Foundation for Autistic Children and Adults in Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Man Chen
- Foundation for Autistic Children and Adults in Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Special Education, National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Andy Shih
- Autism Speaks, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Ya-Chih Chang
- Department of Special Education and Counseling, California State University, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Who Cst Team
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Wei-Tsuen Soong
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Koczkodaj P, Cuchi P, Ciuba A, Gliwska E, Peruga A. Point of Sale Advertising and Promotion of Cigarettes, Electronic Cigarettes, and Heated Tobacco Products in Warsaw, Poland-A Pilot Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182413002. [PMID: 34948612 PMCID: PMC8701658 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence of smoking and e-cigarette use among teenagers in Poland is high. Polish law bans most advertising and promotion for cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and heated tobacco products (HTPs). This study investigates marketing for these products at points of sale (POS) near secondary schools in Warsaw, Poland, noting if the advertising and promotion were allowed under current Polish laws. All POS within 250 m radii of five selected secondary schools in each of three Warsaw districts were assessed for tobacco and e-cigarette direct advertising, inside and outside; offers of gifts or promotional discounts; tobacco merchandising, and tobacco displays. Of the 112 POS surveyed, 83% exposed customers to some form of advertising or promotion of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, or HTPs; in 76%, advertising or promotion that violated Polish law was present. More than 80% of POS surveyed displayed tobacco products; in 19%, these products were displayed near products of interest to minors. POS density observed here was 30.3 per km2, higher than in other European cities. In Poland, a high proportion of POS near schools violates the law banning the advertisement and promotion of tobacco and nicotine consumer products through a dense tobacco retailer network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Koczkodaj
- Cancer Epidemiology and Primary Prevention Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.C.); (E.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-57-09-478
| | - Paloma Cuchi
- World Health Organization, Country Office for Poland, 02-326 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Agata Ciuba
- Cancer Epidemiology and Primary Prevention Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.C.); (E.G.)
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-007 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elwira Gliwska
- Cancer Epidemiology and Primary Prevention Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.C.); (E.G.)
- Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Armando Peruga
- Tobacco Control Research Group, Epidemiology and Public Health Research Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, 08908 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Center for Epidemiology and Health Policies, Clínica Alemana School of Medicine, Universidad del Desarrollo, 7710162 Santiago, Chile
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74
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Oh L, Linden JA, Zeidan A, Salhi B, Lema PC, Pierce AE, Greene AL, Werner SL, Heron SL, Lall, MD, Finnell JT, Franks N, Battaglioli NJ, Haber J, Sampson C, Fisher J, Pillow MT, Doshi AA, Lo B. Overcoming barriers to promotion for women and underrepresented in medicine faculty in academic emergency medicine. J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open 2021; 2:e12552. [PMID: 34984414 PMCID: PMC8692182 DOI: 10.1002/emp2.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Equity in the promotion of women and underrepresented minorities (URiM) is essential for the advancement of academic emergency medicine and the specialty as a whole. Forward-thinking healthcare organizations can best position themselves to optimally care for an increasingly diverse patient population and mentor trainees by championing increased diversity in senior faculty ranks, leadership, and governance roles. This article explores several potential solutions to addressing inequities that hinder the advancement of women and URiM faculty. It is intended to complement the recently approved American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) policy statement aimed at overcoming barriers to promotion of women and URiM faculty in academic emergency medicine. This policy statement was jointly released and supported by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM), American Academy of Emergency Medicine (AAEM), and the Association of Academic Chairs of Emergency Medicine (AACEM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Oh
- Department of Emergency MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Judith A. Linden
- Department of Emergency MedicineBoston Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Amy Zeidan
- Department of Emergency MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Bisan Salhi
- Department of Emergency MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Penelope C. Lema
- Department of Emergency MedicineColumbia University Valegos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | - Ava E. Pierce
- Department of Emergency MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Andrea L. Greene
- Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity Medical CenterEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Sandra L. Werner
- Department of Emergency MedicineMetroHealth Medical Center/Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Sheryl L. Heron
- Department of Emergency MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - John T. Finnell
- Department of Emergency MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Nicole Franks
- Department of Emergency MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Jordana Haber
- Department of Emergency MedicineUNLV School of MedicineLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Christopher Sampson
- Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Missouri School of MedicineColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Jonathan Fisher
- Department of Emergency MedicineUNTHSC‐TCU School of MedicineFort WorthTexasUSA
| | - M. Tyson Pillow
- Department of Emergency MedicineBaylor College of MedicineDallasTexasUSA
| | - Ankur A. Doshi
- Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Bruce Lo
- Department of Emergency MedicineSentara Norfolk General Hospital/Eastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
- Department of Emergency MedicineUT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
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75
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Abstract
This study investigates how learners’ chronic motivational characteristics, that is their regulatory focus (Higgins, 1997), can account for differences in L2 pragmatic production in general and across situations with different levels of power, social distance, and imposition. One-hundred-twenty-one L1-Mandarin learners of English as a second language completed a regulatory focus questionnaire and a discourse completion task focusing on two types of speech acts: request and opinion. Multiple regression results showed that learners’ promotion focus, concerned with advancement, growth, accomplishments, positively predicted their pragmatic production in general, and especially in situations where the learner is subject to a higher degree of imposition, has lower power and is socially distant from the interlocutor. On the other hand, the prevention focus, which is concerned with safety, security, and calmness, negatively predicted pragmatic production, especially in those situations. The findings provide support for the role of motivational dispositions in the level of learners’ L2 pragmatic competence. Theoretical and instructional implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Zhang
- Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mostafa Papi
- School of Teacher Education, College of Education, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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76
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Przybylko G, Morton D, Morton J, Renfrew M. The Influence of Gender and Age on the Outcomes of and Adherence to a Digital Interdisciplinary Mental Health Promotion Intervention in an Australasian Nonclinical Setting: Cohort Study. JMIR Ment Health 2021; 8:e29866. [PMID: 34762058 PMCID: PMC8663468 DOI: 10.2196/29866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global prevalence of mental health disorders is at a crisis point, particularly in the wake of COVID-19, prompting calls for the development of digital interdisciplinary mental health promotion interventions (MHPIs) for nonclinical cohorts. However, the influence of gender and age on the outcomes of and adherence to MHPIs is not well understood. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the influence of gender and age on the outcomes of and adherence to a 10-week digital interdisciplinary MHPI that integrates strategies from positive psychology and lifestyle medicine and utilizes persuasive systems design (PSD) principles in a nonclinical setting. METHODS This study involved 488 participants who completed the digital interdisciplinary MHPI. Participants completed a pre and postintervention questionnaire that used: (1) the "mental health" and "vitality" subscales from the Short Form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey; (2) the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21); and (3) Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWL). Adherence to the digital interdisciplinary MHPI was measured by the number of educational videos the participants viewed and the extent to which they engaged in experiential challenge activities offered as part of the program. RESULTS On average, the participants (N=488; mean age 47.1 years, SD 14.1; 77.5% women) demonstrated statistically significant improvements in all mental health and well-being outcome measures, and a significant gender and age interaction was observed. Women tended to experience greater improvements than men in the mental health and well-being measures, and older men experienced greater improvements than younger men in the mental health and vitality subscales. Multiple analysis of variance results of the adherence measures indicated a significant difference for age but not gender. No statistically significant interaction between gender and age was observed for adherence measures. CONCLUSIONS Digital interdisciplinary MHPIs that utilize PSD principles can improve the mental health and well-being of nonclinical cohorts, regardless of gender or age. Hence, there may be a benefit in utilizing PSD principles to develop universal MHPIs such as that employed in this study, which can be used across gender and age groups. Future research should examine which PSD principles optimize universal digital interdisciplinary MHPIs. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12619000993190; http://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=377889 and Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12619001009101; http://www.anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12619001009101.aspx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Przybylko
- Lifestyle Medicine and Health Research Centre, Avondale University, Cooranbong, Australia
| | - Darren Morton
- Lifestyle Medicine and Health Research Centre, Avondale University, Cooranbong, Australia
| | - Jason Morton
- Faculty of Education, Business and Science, Avondale University, Cooranbong, Australia
| | - Melanie Renfrew
- Lifestyle Medicine and Health Research Centre, Avondale University, Cooranbong, Australia
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77
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Calderwood AH, Roberts JA, Silver JK, Schmitt CM, Enestvedt BK. Representation by Gender of Recognition Award Recipients from Gastroenterology and Hepatology Professional Societies. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2021; 30:1508-1518. [PMID: 33434440 PMCID: PMC8590150 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2020.8627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recognition awards from professional medical societies play an important role in physicians' career advancement. Our aim was to evaluate the gender representation of award recipients from gastroenterology and hepatology societies. Methods: We analyzed the lists of award recipients from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, American Gastroenterological Association, and American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and determined the gender of these award recipients. The primary outcome was the overall representation of women physician award recipients as compared with the representation of women in the specialty. Results: Between 1941 and 2019, there were 921 awards, of which 77 (8.4%) were given to women and 844 (91.6%) to men. There was a significant increase in the proportion of women recipients over time, from 0% in 1970-1984 to 22.0% in 2015-2019 (p for trend <0.0001). Compared with the concurrent representation of women in the specialty, women physician recipients were underrepresented from 1970 to 1981 and 1984 to 2015, equitably represented from 1981 to 1984, and overrepresented from 2015 to 2019. Of the total number of awards in each category, women received 13.8% of teaching/mentorship awards and 3.8% of the highest achievement awards (p = 0.002). The proportion of women recipients varied among the societies, from 6.8% to 14.5%. Conclusions: The representation of women physician recipients of gastroenterology and hepatology society recognition awards has generally been low until most recently, when it has surpassed the proportion of women in the specialty. Because award recognition is important to career development, professional societies should have transparent processes that aim to identify and reduce various forms of bias, including gender-related bias, in all phases of award recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey H. Calderwood
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jane A. Roberts
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Julie K. Silver
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Brintha K. Enestvedt
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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78
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Harvey K. The Australian obesity epidemic and the regulation of complementary medicine weight loss products. Aust N Z J Public Health 2021; 45:584-586. [PMID: 34592788 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigate the response of the Therapeutic Goods Administration's (TGA) new advertising complaint system to resubmitted complaints about complementary medicine weight loss products previously upheld by the Complaint Resolution Panel. METHODS Between July 2018 and July 2019, complaints about a convenience sample of 22 complementary medicines by eight sponsors, advertised on 140 different internet sites (cases), were resubmitted to the TGA. FatBlaster products featured. Follow-up occurred in February 2021. RESULTS A search of the TGA advertising complaints database found 'no result' for 84% of the 140 cases submitted. Despite the TGA delisting three products and sponsors delisting ten others, all products complained about were still being advertised. Some products had minor changes in imagery but not claims. The sponsor (Cat Media, Naturopathica) had listed three new FatBlaster weight loss products. CONCLUSIONS The TGA failed to protect consumers from ineffective weight loss medicines. Implications for public health: Weight loss medicines with misleading and deceptive claims are likely to divert users from evidence-based weight loss activities. The TGA should ask for the evidence supporting promotional claims for these products and, if this is lacking, delist the entire class of products. For recalcitrant sponsors who repeatedly make egregious claims, civil and criminal penalties should be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Harvey
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Queensland
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79
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Abstract
Brain health is essential for physical and mental health, social well-being, productivity, and creativity. Current neurological research focuses mainly on treating a diseased brain and preventing further deterioration rather than on developing and maintaining brain health. The pandemic has forced a shift toward virtual working environments that accelerated opportunities for transdisciplinary collaboration for fostering brain health among neurologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, neuro and socio-behavioral scientists, scholars in arts and humanities, policymakers, and citizens. This could shed light on the interconnectedness of physical, mental, environmental, and socioeconomic determinants of brain disease and health. We advocate making brain health the top priority worldwide, developing common measures and definitions to enhance research and policy, and finding the cause of the decline of incidence of stroke and dementia in some countries and then applying comprehensive customized cost-effective prevention solutions in actionable implementation units. Life cycle brain health offers the best single individual, communal, and global investment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Avan
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vladimir Hachinski
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | -
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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80
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Chaiyarit S, Thongboonkerd V. Oxidative Modifications Switch Modulatory Activities of Urinary Proteins From Inhibiting to Promoting Calcium Oxalate Crystallization, Growth, and Aggregation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100151. [PMID: 34562649 PMCID: PMC8551538 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence/prevalence of kidney stone disease has been increasing around the globe, but its pathogenic mechanisms remained unclear. We evaluated effects of oxidative modifications of urinary proteins on calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone formation processes. Urinary proteins derived from 20 healthy individuals were modified by performic oxidation, and the presence of oxidatively modified urinary proteins was verified, quantified, and characterized by Oxyblot assay and tandem MS (nanoLC-electrospray ionization-linear trap quadrupole-Orbitrap-MS/MS). Subsequently, activities of oxidatively modified urinary proteins on CaOx stone formation processes were examined. Oxyblot assay confirmed the marked increase in protein oxidation level in the modified urine. NanoLC-electrospray ionization-linear trap quadrupole-Orbitrap-MS/MS identified a total of 193 and 220 urinary proteins in nonmodified and modified urine samples, respectively. Among these, there were 1121 and 5297 unambiguous oxidatively modified peptides representing 42 and 136 oxidatively modified proteins in the nonmodified and modified urine samples, respectively. Crystal assays revealed that oxidatively modified urinary proteins significantly promoted CaOx crystallization, crystal growth, and aggregation. By contrast, the nonmodified urinary proteins had inhibitory activities. This is the first direct evidence demonstrating that oxidative modifications of urinary proteins increase the risk of kidney stone disease by switching their modulatory activities from inhibiting to promoting CaOx crystallization, crystal growth, and aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakdithep Chaiyarit
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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81
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Lan YL, Zhu Y, Chen G, Zhang J. The Promoting Effect of Traumatic Brain Injury on the Incidence and Progression of Glioma: A Review of Clinical and Experimental Research. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:3707-3720. [PMID: 34377008 PMCID: PMC8350857 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s325678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of traumatic brain injury in the development of glioma is highly controversial since first presented. This is not unexpected because traumatic brain injuries are overwhelmingly more common than glioma. However, the causes of post-traumatic glioma have been long discussed and still warrant further research. In this review, we have presented an overview of previous cohort studies and case–control studies. We have summarized the roles of microglial cells, macrophages, astrocytes, and stem cells in post-traumatic glioma formation and development, and reviewed various carcinogenic factors involved during traumatic brain injury, especially those reported in experimental studies indicating a relationship with glioma progression. Besides, traumatic brain injury and glioma share several common pathways, including inflammation and oxidative stress; however, the exact mechanism underlying this co-occurrence is yet to be discovered. In this review, we have summarized current epidemiological studies, clinical reports, pathophysiological research, as well as investigations evaluating the probable causes of co-occurrence and treatment possibilities. More efforts should be directed toward elucidating the relationship between traumatic brain injury and glioma, which could likely lead to promising pharmacological interventions towards designing therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjian Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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82
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Dearlove T, Begley A, Scott JA, Devenish-Coleman G. Digital Marketing of Commercial Complementary Foods in Australia: An Analysis of Brand Messaging. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18157934. [PMID: 34360227 PMCID: PMC8345376 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The digital marketing of commercial complementary foods (CCF) is an emerging area of concern in Australia. Although research into traditional methods has identified a range of problems, the marketing and messaging strategies employed within digital spaces have gone largely unscrutinized. This study sought to examine the methods used by CCF manufacturers to promote Australian baby foods and brands in a digital space. A multiple step approach was used to assess the CCF brands available in major Australian retailers, the social media platforms they used, and to thematically analyze the text and visual messages contained in posts published over a three-month period. Of the 15 brands identified, 12 had a digital presence, and all of these used Facebook. Four themes emerged from an analysis of 216 Facebook posts; (1) general product attributes, (2) socially desirable attributes (which included messaging related to taste (41%), self-feeding (29%) and fun (19%)), (3) concern-based attributes (including organic status (40%), age targets (39%) and additive-/allergen-free status (18%)) and (4) health-focused attributes (which included messaging related to healthy/nutritious ingredients (45%), and child development/growth (15%). Messages contained in Facebook posts were mostly positive brand/product aspects (Themes 1 and 2) or parental concern-based aspects (Theme 3 and 4). These themes match previous analyses of marketing content in traditional media and should be closely monitored due to the personalized nature of consumer social media interactions.
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83
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Sato K, Niimi Y, Ihara R, Suzuki K, Toda T, Iwata A, Iwatsubo T. Efficacy and Cost-effectiveness of Promotion Methods to Recruit Participants to an Online Screening Registry for Alzheimer Disease Prevention Trials: Observational Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e26284. [PMID: 34292159 PMCID: PMC8367100 DOI: 10.2196/26284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Web-based screening may be suitable for identifying individuals with presymptomatic latent diseases for recruitment to clinical studies, as such people do not often visit hospitals in the presymptomatic stage. The promotion of such online screening studies is critical to their success, although it remains uncertain how the effectiveness of such promotion can differ, depending on the different promotion methods, domains of interest, or countries of implementation. Objective The Japanese Trial-Ready Cohort (J-TRC) web study is our ongoing online screening registry to identify individuals with presymptomatic Alzheimer disease (AD), aimed at facilitating the clinical trials for AD prevention. Within the first 9 months of its 2019 launch, the J-TRC web study recruited thousands of online participants via multiple methods of promotion, including press releases, newspaper advertisements, web advertisements, or direct email invitations. Here, we aimed to quantitatively evaluate efficacy and cost-effectiveness of each of these multimodal promotion methods. Methods We applied the vector-autoregression model to assess the degree of contribution of each type of promotion to the following target metrics: number of daily visitors to the J-TRC website, number of daily registrants to the J-TRC web study, daily rate of registration among visitors, daily rate of eligible participants among registrants, and median age of daily registrants. The average cost-effectiveness for each promotion method was also calculated using the total cost and the coefficients in the vector-autoregression model. Results During the first 9 months of the reviewed period from October 31, 2019 to June 17, 2020, there were 48,334 website visitors and 4429 registrations (9.16% of 48,334 visitors), of which 3081 (69.56%) were eligible registrations. Initial press release reports and newspaper advertisements had a marked effect on increasing the number of daily visitors and daily registrants. Web advertisements significantly contributed to the increase in daily visitors (P<.001) but not to the daily registrants, and it also lowered the rate of registrations and the median age of daily registrants. Website visitors from the direct email invitation sent to other cognitive registries seem to have registered with the highest reliability. The calculated average cost-effectiveness for the initial press release was US $24.60 per visitor and US $96.10 per registrant, while the calculated average cost-effectiveness for the newspaper advertisements was US $28.60 per visitor and US $227.90 per registrant. Conclusions Our multivariate time-series analysis showed that each promotion method had different features in their effect of recruiting participants to the J-TRC web study. Under the advertisement condition settings thus far, newspaper advertisements and initial press releases were the most effective promotion methods, with fair cost-effectiveness that was equivalent to earlier online studies. These results can provide important suggestions for future promotions for the recruitment of presymptomatic participants to AD clinical trials in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Sato
- Department of Neurology, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Niimi
- Unit for Early and Exploratory Clinical Development, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Ihara
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Medical Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushi Suzuki
- Division of Neurology, Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- Department of Neurology, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwata
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Medical Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwatsubo
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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84
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Gambril JA, Boyd CJ, Egbaria J. The Numerous Benefits of Social Media for Medicine. Comment on "Documenting Social Media Engagement as Scholarship: A New Model for Assessing Academic Accomplishment for the Health Professions". J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e27664. [PMID: 34106082 PMCID: PMC8231871 DOI: 10.2196/27664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John Alan Gambril
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.,Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Carter J Boyd
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jamal Egbaria
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
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85
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Iraola É, Bintz C. [Mother and Child Protection in Val-de-Marne]. Soins Pediatr Pueric 2021; 42:13-18. [PMID: 34266553 DOI: 10.1016/j.spp.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In the department of Val-de-Marne, the Mother and Child Protection is characterised by a global approach to health, special accessibility of its services, multi-disciplinarity and the expertise of its teams. It is based on the concept of proportionate universalism and devotes a special place to partnership arrangements. Its working dynamics are based on the methodology of the project system: it is a question of co-construction, activating transversality while advocating participatory democracy. The working dynamics are, therefore, diversified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Élisabeth Iraola
- Conseil départemental du Val-de-Marne, Direction de la PMI-PS, 80 avenue du Général-de-Gaulle, 94000 Créteil, France.
| | - Christine Bintz
- Conseil départemental du Val-de-Marne, Direction de la PMI-PS, 80 avenue du Général-de-Gaulle, 94000 Créteil, France
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86
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Spieler B, Ballard DH, Mazaheri P, Legro N, Catanzano T, Dey C, Prejean E, Fontentot J, Martin MD, Danrad R, Kim HHR, Caplin D, Gettle LM, Awan O. Social Media in Radiology: Overview and Usefulness of Online Professional #SoMe Profiles. Acad Radiol 2021; 28:526-539. [PMID: 32482471 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Social media is a ubiquitous part of society and used by many healthcare professionals, including radiologists. This article prepared by the 2019-2020 Radiology Research Alliance Social Media Task Force presents different uses and benefits of an online professional social media profile. Physician and healthcare-specific issues along with popular platforms such as LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube are used to explore topics including education, branding, research, mentorship, promotion, and leadership.
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87
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Isaacs D, Bishop MA, Burke ES, Clements JN, Fava JP, Kaakeh R, Rager ML, Manlimos KV, Man BY. Career advancement in health-system pharmacy: Clinical pharmacists as future leaders. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2021; 78:1134-1136. [PMID: 33772278 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxab131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Isaacs
- Cleveland Clinic Diabetes Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Sutton Burke
- Wegmans School of Pharmacy, St. John Fisher College, Rochester, NY.,Wegmans Pharmacy, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer N Clements
- Spartanburg Medical Center, Spartanburg Regional Healthcare System, Spartanburg, SC, USA
| | - Joseph P Fava
- Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Michelle L Rager
- Bernard J. Dunn School of Pharmacy, Shenandoah University, Winchester, VA, USA
| | | | - Bernice Y Man
- Specialty Pharmacy, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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88
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Heitkamp NM, Morgan LE, Carmody JB, Heitkamp DE. Pediatric Program Directors Should Have an Active Presence on Twitter. Acad Pediatr 2021; 21:201-204. [PMID: 33227535 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2020.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
For academic pediatricians, social media has become an important avenue for professional development through continuing education, professional networking, and academic collaboration. Pediatric residency program directors have recognized additional benefits of social media engagement via program promotion and resident recruitment. The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and subsequent move to virtual interviews for the 2020-2021 residency interview season have created a new urgency for pediatric program directors to establish an active social media presence, primarily as a means to engage applicants and provide them with information in lieu of cancelled away rotations and in-person interviews. Twitter is a free microblogging and social networking platform that allows real-time engagement among academic pediatricians. Here, we make the case that all pediatric program directors should have an active presence on Twitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Heitkamp
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children (NM Heitkamp, LE Morgan), Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Lucas E Morgan
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children (NM Heitkamp, LE Morgan), Indianapolis, Ind
| | - J Bryan Carmody
- Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School (JB Carmody), Norfolk, Va
| | - Darel E Heitkamp
- Department of Radiology, AdventHealth Medical Group (DE Heitkamp), Orlando, Fla.
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89
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Han JJ, Vaduganathan M, Yong CM. Addressing Equity and More in 2021: Call From Fellows-in-Training & Early Career Section Editors. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 77:1372-1373. [PMID: 33706881 PMCID: PMC8923811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Han
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Muthiah Vaduganathan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Celina M Yong
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, USA
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90
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Taha B, Sadda P, Winston G, Odigie E, Londono C, Greenfield JP, Pannullo SC, Hoffman C. Increases in female academic productivity and female mentorship highlight sustained progress in previously identified neurosurgical gender disparities. Neurosurg Focus 2021; 50:E3. [PMID: 33789232 DOI: 10.3171/2020.12.focus20939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A meta-analysis was performed to understand disparities in the representation of female authorship within the neurosurgical literature and implications for career advancement of women in neurosurgery. METHODS Author names for articles published in 16 of the top neurosurgical journals from 2002 to 2019 were obtained from MEDLINE. The gender of each author was determined using automated prediction methods. Publication trends were compared over time and across subdisciplines. Female authorship was also compared to the proportionate composition of women in the field over time. RESULTS The metadata obtained from 16 major neurosurgical journals yielded 66,546 research articles. Gender was successfully determined for 96% (127,809/133,578) of first and senior authors, while the remainder (3.9%) were unable to be determined through prediction methods. Across all years, 13.3% (8826) of articles had female first authorship and 9.1% (6073) had female senior authorship. Female first authorship increased significantly over time from 5.8% in 2002 to 17.2% in 2019 (p < 0.001). Female senior authorship also increased significantly over time, from 5.5% in 2002 to 12.0% in 2019 (p < 0.001). The journals with the highest proportions of female first authors and senior authors were the Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics (33.5%) and the Asian Journal of Neurosurgery (23.8%), respectively. Operative Neurosurgery had the lowest fraction of female first (12.4%) and senior (4.7%) authors. There was a significant difference between the year-by-year proportion of female neurosurgical trainees and the year-by-year proportion of female neurosurgical first (p < 0.001) and senior (p < 0.001) authors. Articles were also more likely to have a female first author if the senior author of the article was female (OR 2.69, CI 2.52-2.86; p < 0.001). From 1944 to 2019, the Journal of Neurosurgery showed a steady increase in female first and senior authorship, with a plateau beginning in the 1990s. CONCLUSIONS Large meta-analysis techniques have the potential to effectively leverage large amounts of bibliometric data to quantify the representation of female authorship in the neurosurgical literature. The proportion of female authors in major neurosurgical journals has steadily increased. However, the rate of increase in female senior authorship has lagged behind the rate of increase in first authorship, indicating a disparity in academic advancement in women in neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birra Taha
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Praneeth Sadda
- 2Department of Medicine, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Graham Winston
- 3Department of Neurological Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College; and
| | - Eseosa Odigie
- 3Department of Neurological Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College; and
| | | | - Jeffrey P Greenfield
- 3Department of Neurological Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College; and
| | - Susan C Pannullo
- 3Department of Neurological Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College; and
| | - Caitlin Hoffman
- 3Department of Neurological Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College; and
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91
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Abstract
Background: Gender disparities in academic promotion and leadership are well documented. Scholarly impact is essential for promotion. The Hirsch-index (h-index) is a measure of impact using number of publications and citations. We sought to (i) evaluate breast surgery fellowship faculty in North America by academic rank and research impact using the h-index, (ii) determine whether there is a gender difference in scholarly productivity, and (iii) determine the relationship between academic rank, h-index, and gender. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study of h-index and academic rank disparity in breast surgery faculty by gender was performed. We reviewed the faculty of Society of Surgical Oncology-accredited breast surgery fellowships in February 2019. Rank, gender, academic appointment, years in practice, program directorship, National Cancer Institute-designated cancer center association, size of the program, and h-index (via Scopus) were recorded. Univariate and multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Results: Fifty-two programs were identified, and 209 faculty had an h-index. Of them, 69.9% were women and 30.1% were men. h-index increased with academic rank although there was considerable overlap between ranks. Women were underrepresented at the professor level (46.4%), but accounted for the majority of assistant professors (91.5%, p < 0.001), and program directors (70.7%). Men professors had a significantly higher mean h-index than women professors, p < 0.001. However, women associate professors had a higher mean h-index than men, but this did not reach significance. Conclusions: Mean h-index increased with increasing rank among breast surgery faculty for both genders. Average h-index was significantly higher for men professors compared to women professors. No significant gender difference in h-index was found for assistant professors. For associate professors, h-index for women was higher than for men. Women are underrepresented at higher academic ranks despite forming the majority of breast surgical teaching faculty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane M Radford
- Breast Services, Department of General Surgery, Digestive Diseases & Surgery Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sareh Parangi
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chao Tu
- Department of Quantitative Health Science, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Julie K Silver
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
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92
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Basch CH, Fera J, Pierce I, Basch CE. Promoting Mask Use on TikTok: Descriptive, Cross-sectional Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2021; 7:e26392. [PMID: 33523823 PMCID: PMC7886372 DOI: 10.2196/26392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past decade, there has been an increasing secular trend in the number of studies on social media and health. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the content and characteristics of TikTok videos that are related to an important aspect of community mitigation-the use of masks as a method for interrupting the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. METHODS In total, 100 trending videos with the hashtag #WearAMask (ie, a campaign on TikTok), along with 32 videos that were posted by the World Health Organization (WHO) and involved masks in any way (ie, all related WHO videos at the time of this study), were included in our sample. We collected the metadata of each post, and created content categories based on fact sheets that were provided by the WHO and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We used these fact sheets to code the characteristics of mask use. RESULTS Videos that were posted on TikTok and had the hashtag #WearAMask garnered almost 500 million views, and videos that were posted by the WHO garnered almost 57 million views. Although the ratio of the number of trending #WearAMask videos to the number of WHO videos was around 3:1, the #WearAMask videos received almost 10 times as many cumulative views as the WHO videos. In total, 68% (68/100) of the trending #WearAMask videos involved humor and garnered over 355 million cumulative views. However, only 9% (3/32) of the WHO videos involved humor. Furthermore, 27% (27/100) of the trending #WearAMask videos involved dance and garnered over 130 million cumulative views, whereas none of the WHO videos involved dance. CONCLUSIONS This study is one of the first to describe how TikTok is being used to mitigate the community spread of COVID-19 by promoting mask use. Due to the platform's incredible reach, TikTok has great potential in conveying important public health messages to various segments of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey H Basch
- Department of Public Health, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, United States
| | - Joseph Fera
- Department of Mathematics, Lehman College, The City University of New York, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Isabela Pierce
- Department of Public Health, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, United States
| | - Charles E Basch
- Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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93
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Abstract
There is wide global consensus that whole grains are an important component of a healthy diet, yet in many countries around the globe populations continue to fall short of recommended intakes for whole grains. This article aims to evaluate whole grain promotional strategies of various stakeholders across 4 countries with diverse culinary and cultural norms: the United States, Singapore, the Philippines, and Denmark. To do this, information was collected on regulations, NGO (nongovernmental organization) activities, and promotional campaigns across each of the target countries. The effort led to the identification of best practices for promoting whole grain consumption in both the public and private spheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Toups
- Oldways Whole Grains Council, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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94
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Yin F, Wu Z, Xia X, Ji M, Wang Y, Hu Z. Unfolding the Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in China. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e26089. [PMID: 33400682 PMCID: PMC7813210 DOI: 10.2196/26089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background China is at the forefront of global efforts to develop COVID-19 vaccines and has five fast-tracked candidates at the final-stage, large-scale human clinical trials testing phase. Vaccine-promoting policymaking for public engagement is a prerequisite for social mobilization. However, making an informed and judicious choice is a dilemma for the Chinese government in the vaccine promotion context. Objective In this study, public opinions in China were analyzed via dialogues on Chinese social media, based on which Chinese netizens’ views on COVID-19 vaccines and vaccination were investigated. We also aimed to develop strategies for promoting vaccination programs in China based on an in-depth understanding of the challenges in risk communication and social mobilization. Methods We proposed a novel behavioral dynamics model, SRS/I (susceptible-reading-susceptible/immune), to analyze opinion transmission paradigms on Chinese social media. Coupled with a meta-analysis and natural language processing techniques, the emotion polarity of individual opinions was examined in their given context. Results We collected more than 1.75 million Weibo messages about COVID-19 vaccines from January to October 2020. According to the public opinion reproduction ratio (R0), the dynamic propagation of those messages can be classified into three periods: the ferment period (R01=1.1360), the revolution period (R02=2.8278), and the transmission period (R03=3.0729). Topics on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in China include price and side effects. From September to October, Weibo users claimed that the vaccine was overpriced, making up 18.3% (n=899) of messages; 38.1% (n=81,909) of relevant topics on Weibo received likes. On the contrary, the number of messages that considered the vaccine to be reasonably priced was twice as high but received fewer likes, accounting for 25.0% (n=53,693). In addition, we obtained 441 (47.7%) positive and 295 (31.9%) negative Weibo messages about side effects. Interestingly, inactivated vaccines instigated more heated discussions than any other vaccine type. The discussions, forwards, comments, and likes associated with topics related to inactivated vaccines accounted for 53% (n=588), 42% (n=3072), 56% (n=3671), and 49% (n=17,940), respectively, of the total activity associated with the five types of vaccines in China. Conclusions Most Chinese netizens believe that the vaccine is less expensive than previously thought, while some claim they cannot afford it for their entire family. The findings demonstrate that Chinese individuals are inclined to be positive about side effects over time and are proud of China’s involvement with vaccine development. Nevertheless, they have a collective misunderstanding about inactivated vaccines, insisting that inactivated vaccines are safer than other vaccines. Reflecting on netizens’ collective responses, the unfolding determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance provide illuminating benchmarks for vaccine-promoting policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulian Yin
- Communication University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoliang Wu
- Communication University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Xia
- Communication University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Meiqi Ji
- Communication University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Communication University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwen Hu
- Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
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95
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Mohite N, Funtanilla V, Muzumdar J, Park T. Content Analysis of 2012-2019 FDA Warning Letters and Notices of Violations using the Economic, Clinical, and Humanistic Outcomes (ECHO) Model. Innov Pharm 2021; 12. [PMID: 34007685 PMCID: PMC8102978 DOI: 10.24926/iip.v12i1.3420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The study purpose was to critically review FDA-issued warning letters (WLs) and notice of violation (NOV) letters against drug companies’ from 2012-2019 for economic, clinical, and humanistic (ECHO) claims made in pharmaceutical promotional materials. Specific objectives were to assess the, (1) number of WLs and NOV issued; (2) frequency of WLs and NOV by therapeutic areas; (3) type of communication media cited in WLs or NOV; (4) intended audience for the claims in promotional materials for which the WLs and NOV were issued; and (5) number of WLs and NOV for ECHO claims. Methods: The quantitative content analysis approach was employed to review WLs and NOVs, obtained from the FDA website, from January 2012-December 2019. A data abstraction form was created based on the published literature on this topic and assessment of the content of WLs and NOVs for 2010. This form was pilot tested on letters issued in 2011. The researchers discussed any unclear question or information presented in the letters. The letters were reviewed three researchers. If there was disagreement between the reviewers, either a fourth reviewer arbitrated on the disagreement or the letter(s) were discussed by the researchers to determine a final classification. ICD-10 codes were used for therapeutic categories in the data collected form. Descriptive statistics, Kappa statistics for interrater reliability, and Cochrane-Armitage test were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 24.0 Results: A total of 102 letters were analyzed. Of these, 19 (19%) were WLs and 83 (81%) were NOVs. Majority of these letters were issued to manufacturers of therapeutic agents for diseases of the nervous system (n=15; 14.7%) and neoplasms (n=15; 14.7%). The most commonly cited media for violation was online website (n=29; 27.1%). Out of the 153 violations in 102 letters, 92 (60.1%) were clinical; 13 (8.5%) humanistic; 2 (1.3%) were economic; and 46 (30%) were categorized as ‘Others’. Conclusion: The study found misleading claims of the clinical effectiveness and risk information included in the promotional materials targeted to consumers as well as healthcare providers. Promoting reliable, evidence-based information is important for the health of the public as inadequate information could lead to irrational decision making both on consumer as well as on prescriber side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namosha Mohite
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY
| | - Vienica Funtanilla
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY
| | - Jagannath Muzumdar
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY
| | - Taehwan Park
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY
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96
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Culph J, Clemson L, Scanlan J, Jeon YH, Laver K. Promoting occupational therapy interventions in the Australian community aged care sector. Aust Occup Ther J 2021; 68:228-235. [PMID: 33415736 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1630.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the introduction of consumer-directed care in the Australian community aged care sector, there are more opportunities for occupational therapists to provide evidence-based services that meet consumer needs. There is also an increasing requirement for health professionals to promote their interventions to consumers. Particularly for the implementation of new programs within organisations. However, occupational therapists have historically neglected widely promoting the role of occupational therapy services for older people. This study examines the perceptions of occupational therapists and their managers in promoting their service; the Care of People in their Environment (COPE) Program. METHODS This study utilised a qualitative interpretative description; including 28 in-depth interviews. Purposeful sampling ensured a variety of occupational therapists from different health contexts. Thematic analysis captured key emergent themes related to promoting occupational therapy interventions and implementation. RESULTS Many occupational therapists were apprehensive about promoting or selling their services and interventions. Greater levels of confidence in promoting the program were present when the program aligned with traditional models of service delivery and organisational processes. Occupational therapists described having limited opportunity to directly promote the program to consumers as community case managers were mostly the main contact at the organisation. There was limited consideration of promotion strategies and therefore limited enactment of strategies by organisations. Not-for-profit and non-government organisations recognise that the changed community aged care market provided new business opportunities. CONCLUSION With changes in the Australian aged care system, occupational therapy has great opportunity to provide diverse, evidence-based interventions driven by the needs of consumers. Reframing the notion of 'selling', to empowering consumers to be more informed about their options, will allow occupational therapists to build confidence in their promotional skills. Promoting evidence-based programs will have positive outcomes for the visibility, professional identity and recognition of occupational therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindy Clemson
- The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Yun-Hee Jeon
- The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate Laver
- Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
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97
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Franzese AT, Blalock DV, Blalock KM, Wilson SM, Medenblik A, Costanzo PR, Strauman TJ. Regulatory Focus and Substance Use in Adolescents: Protective Effects of Prevention Orientation. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:33-38. [PMID: 33078977 PMCID: PMC8320403 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2020.1833926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Substance use is a major risk factor for negative health and functioning outcomes among middle schoolers. The purpose of this study was to assess whether individual differences in the adolescents' goal orientation are associated with elevated or attenuated risk for substance use. Regulatory focus theory stipulates that individuals vary in their strength of orientation toward promotion goals ("making good things happen") and prevention goals ("keeping bad things from happening"). Objectives: We sought to examine the association between individual differences in regulatory focus and adolescents' reports of their own and their friends' substance use. Methods: Participants were 241 seventh grade students who completed measures of regulatory focus (promotion and prevention orientation), self-reported substance use, perceived substance use habits of peers, and demographics. Logistic regression models were used to examine adjusted odds of lifetime tobacco use, alcohol use, and marijuana use for both participants' own use and their reports of friends' use. Results: Prevention orientation was associated with lower odds of all self-reported lifetime substance use outcomes (tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana). Prevention orientation was also associated with lower odds of reporting all types of substance use among friends. Promotion orientation was not associated with any self-reported substance use outcome, and was only associated with higher odds of reporting lifetime alcohol use among friends. Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance of regulatory focus as it relates to adolescent substance use. Future research may seek to incorporate regulatory focus within interventions intended to prevent or delay initiation of substance use in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dan V Blalock
- Center to Advance Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Kyla M Blalock
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Sarah M Wilson
- Center to Advance Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Alyssa Medenblik
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Philip R Costanzo
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC
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98
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Viswesh V, Hassell K, Coyne L, Erstad BL. Ten Tips for Pharmacy Faculty Members for Successfully Navigating Promotion and Tenure. Am J Pharm Educ 2021; 85:8414. [PMID: 34281824 PMCID: PMC7829685 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe8414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents 10 key tips or recommendations for successful navigation of the promotion and tenure process. The 10 key tips are: know institutional expectations, develop an action plan at least two to three years in advance; identify your balance of teaching, scholarship, service; synergize activities and develop a niche; prioritize time to activities of high-impact to promotion and tenure; track achievements in the format expected for promotion and tenure application; seek out faculty guidance on promotion and tenure; meet with mentor(s) regularly to review progress; have a well-written personal statement; and have your final dossier reviewed by colleagues. Faculty members are more likely to be successful through timely and appropriate planning, balancing and synergizing activities, tracking activities and achievements, developing a well-written personal statement, and requesting help from experienced colleagues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velliyur Viswesh
- Roseman University of Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Henderson, Nevada
| | - Karen Hassell
- West Coast University, School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, California
| | - Leanne Coyne
- California Health Sciences University, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Clovis, California
| | - Brian L Erstad
- University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Tucson, Arizona
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99
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Guintivano J, Dick D, Bulik CM. Psychiatric genomics research during the COVID-19 pandemic: A survey of Psychiatric Genomics Consortium researchers. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2021; 186:40-49. [PMID: 33605055 PMCID: PMC8014778 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Between April 20, 2020 and June 19, 2020 we conducted a survey of the membership of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) to explore the impact of COVID-19 on their research and academic careers. A total of 123 individuals responded representing academic ranks from trainee to full professor, tenured and fixed-term appointments, and all genders. The survey included both quantitative and free text responses. Results revealed considerable concern about the impact of COVID-19 on research with the greatest concern reported by individuals in nonpermanent positions and female researchers. Concerns about the availability of funding and the impact of the pandemic on career progression were commonly reported by early career researchers. Recommendations for institutions, organizations such as the PGC, as well as individual senior investigators have been provided to ensure that the futures of early career investigators, especially those underrepresented in academic medicine such as women and underrepresented minorities, are not disproportionately disadvantaged by the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Guintivano
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Danielle Dick
- Departments of Psychology and Human & Molecular GeneticsVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Cynthia M. Bulik
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of NutritionUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
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100
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Raber-Johnson ML, Gallwitz WE, Sullivan EJ, Storer P. Innovation in Clinical Trial Design and Product Promotion: Evolving the Patient Perspective With Regulatory and Technological Advances. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2020; 54:519-527. [PMID: 33301144 DOI: 10.1007/s43441-019-00083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Clinical trials are evolving to innovative designs and capabilities. Clinical outcomes from pivotal trials are the backbone of good marketing practices. Novel study designs included in product labels and the uptick of innovative technology foreshadow a crescendo of patient empowerment not only in clinical trials, but also in the real-world setting. The following review will initially explore the dynamic relationship between clinical development and commercial teams. How clinical development is evolving to increase patient-focused drug development and regulatory review will then be reviewed via recent legislation; the 21st Century Cures Act is one glimpse at innovative inclusion of the patient perspective via patient experience data, related information, and real-world evidence. Trends in direct-to-consumer technology such as digital health will be also appraised. Predictions are made on how the aforementioned advances may create challenges and opportunities to promotional practices, including crosscollaboration of marketing teams and planning for the next level of patient empowerment. Finally, a hypothetical scenario is provided to illustrate marketing/commercial dynamics when planning for and promoting data from an innovative trial design with real-world evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L Raber-Johnson
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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