101
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Radziwill R, Hohmann C, Klotz J, Jacobs A. Einfluss der pharmazeutischen Betreuung auf die Versorgungsqualität von Patienten mit Schlaganfall: schnittstellenübergreifenden Nachbeobachtung zwischen Krankenhaus, Reha und ambulantem Bereich (EPASKA-Studie). Akt Neurol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1086912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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102
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Kramer L, Hohmann C, Stock A, Kaufmann M, Jacobs A. Frühe Carotisendarteriektomie bei Patienten mit symptomatischer hochgradiger A. carotis interna Stenose. Akt Neurol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1087032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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103
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Hohmann C, Hein O, Meißner L, Walter A, Stock A, Klotz J, Hofmann E, Jacobs A. Follow-up Beobachtung von Patienten mit zerebraler Ischämie nach Lysetherapie. Akt Neurol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1087024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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104
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Meißner L, Vogt E, Stock A, Hohmann C, Hofmann E, Jacobs A. Ballondilatation einer intrazerebralen Stenose bei amphetaminassoziierter zerebraler Vaskulitis. Akt Neurol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1086771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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105
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Hofmann E, Stock A, Hohmann C, Jacobs A. Erfolgreiche Kombination einer systemischen Lysetherapie mit mechanischer Thrombusextraktion bei A. basilaris Thrombose. Akt Neurol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1086989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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106
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Nassimbeni L, Jacobs A, Su H, Weber E. Polymorphism, isostructurality and selectivity in inclusion compounds. Acta Crystallogr A 2008. [DOI: 10.1107/s010876730809702x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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107
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Schreuder WO, Ting WC, Smith S, Jacobs A. Testosterone, erythropoietin and anaemia in patients with disseminated bronchial cancer. Br J Haematol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1984.00521.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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108
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Mustian KM, Palesh O, Heckler CE, Roscoe JA, Morrow GR, Jacobs A, Issell B, Schwartzenberger PO. Cancer-Related fatigue interferes with activities of daily living among 753 patients receiving chemotherapy: A URCC CCOP study. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.9500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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109
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Willems A, Otte F, Fonteyne C, Jacobs A, Khalil T, Biarent D. Parents’ and physicians’ perception of pediatric emergency: A comparison. Resuscitation 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2008.03.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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110
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Jacobs A, Lafolie F, Herry JM, Debroux M. Kinetic adhesion of bacterial cells to sand: Cell surface properties and adhesion rate. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2007; 59:35-45. [PMID: 17537618 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2007.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2007] [Revised: 03/28/2007] [Accepted: 04/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Correlation between microbial surface thermodynamics using the extended DLVO (XDLVO) theory and kinetic adhesion of various bacterial cells to sand was investigated. Two experimental setups were utilized. Adhesion tests were conducted in batch reactors with slow agitation. Also, bacteria were circulated through small sand columns in a closed loop and the results were analyzed with a simple model which accounted for the rate of the adhesion phenomena (omega in h(-1)) and adhesion percentage. Cells surface properties were derived from contact angle measurements. The wicking method was utilized to characterize the sand. Zeta potentials were measured for the sand and the cells. Kinetic of bacterial retention by the porous media was largely influenced by the electrostatic interactions which are correlated with omega from the model (R(2)=0.71). Negative zeta potentials resulted in electrostatic repulsions occurring between the sand and the bacterial cells which in result delayed bacterial adhesion. While no correlation was found between the adhesion percentage and the total interaction energy calculated with the XDLVO theory the respective behavior of hydrophobic and hydrophilic bacteria as well as the importance of electrostatic interactions was evidenced. All the bacterial strains studied adhered more in the column experiments than in the adhesion tests, presumably due to enhanced collision efficiency and wedging in porous media, while filtration could be ignored except for the larger Bacillus strains. Approximate XDLVO calculations due to solid surface nanoscale roughness, retention in a secondary minimum and population heterogeneity are discussed. Our results obtained with a large variety of different physicochemical bacterial strains highlights the influence of both surface thermodynamics and porous media related effects as well as the limits of using the XDLVO theory for evaluating bacterial retention through porous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jacobs
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Climat Sol Environnement, Bâtiment Sol, Domaine Saint-Paul, Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9, France.
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111
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Jacobs A, Nohako KL, Nassimbeni LR, Taljaard JH. A comparison of the inclusion ability of two related hosts. Acta Crystallogr A 2007. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767307095670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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112
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Chawla N, Feldman J, Moyer P, Dyer S, Manger J, Mitchell P, Rebholz C, Barnewolt B, Beshansky J, Brown D, Ho K, Jacobs A, Kimmelstiel C, Pearlmutter M, Rosenfield K, Ruthazer R, Shah PB, Selker H. Inter-observer Agreement about Out-of-hospital Notification of Acute ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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113
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Peusekens J, Olivares J, Hustig H, Povey M, Jacobs A. Reduced polypharmacy in patients enrolled in the electronic schizophrenia adherence registry (E-STAR) and treated with risperidone long-acting injection (RLAI) for 6 months. Eur Psychiatry 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.01.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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114
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Olivares J, Rodriguez A, Buron J, Rodriguez-Morales A, Povey M, Jacobs A. Substance abuse (SA) does not compromise significant improvements in spanish patients with schizophrenia treated with risperidone long-acting injection (RLAI). Eur Psychiatry 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.01.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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115
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Ullrich R, Kracht L, Backes H, Kesper K, Wienhard K, Jacobs A. 3'-Deoxy-3'-18F-Fluoro-L-thymidine positron emission tomography for the non-invasive assessment of proliferation in gliomas. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-976434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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116
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Tweats DJ, Blakey D, Heflich RH, Jacobs A, Jacobsen SD, Morita T, Nohmi T, O'Donovan MR, Sasaki YF, Sofuni T, Tice R. Report of the IWGT working group on strategy/interpretation for regulatory in vivo tests II. Identification of in vivo-only positive compounds in the bone marrow micronucleus test. Mutat Res 2007; 627:92-105. [PMID: 17113817 PMCID: PMC2790421 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2006.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2006] [Revised: 07/31/2006] [Accepted: 08/14/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A survey conducted as part of an International Workshop on Genotoxicity Testing (IWGT) has identified a number of compounds that appear to be more readily detected in vivo than in vitro. The reasons for this property varies from compound to compound and includes metabolic differences; the influence of gut flora; higher exposures in vivo compared to in vitro; effects on pharmacology, in particular folate depletion or receptor kinase inhibition. It is possible that at least some of these compounds are detectable in vitro if a specific in vitro test is chosen as part of the test battery, but the 'correct' choice of test may not always be obvious when testing a compound of unknown genotoxicity. It is noted that many of the compounds identified in this study interfere with cell cycle kinetics and this can result in either aneugenicity or chromosome breakage. A decision tree is outlined as a guide for the evaluation of compounds that appear to be genotoxic agents in vivo but not in vitro. The regulatory implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Tweats
- Centre for Molecular Genetics and Toxicology, University of Wales Swansea, UK.
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117
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Caira M, Jacobs A, Nassimbeni L. Inclusion Compounds of Cyclotriveratrylene (2,3,7,8,12,13-hexamethoxy-5,10-dihydro-15H-tribenzo[a,d,g]cyclononene) with Chlorinated Guests. Supramol Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10610270410001699346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.R. Caira
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Cape Town , Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - A. Jacobs
- b Faculty of Applied Sciences , Cape Technikon , PO Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - L.R. Nassimbeni
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Cape Town , Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
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118
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Ullrich R, Kracht L, Kesper K, Sobesky J, Jacobs A. 11C-MET and 18F-FLT-PET as tracers for tumour activity in comparison to perfusion and diffusion MR imaging. Akt Neurol 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-988036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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119
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Tweats DJ, Blakey D, Heflich RH, Jacobs A, Jacobsen SD, Morita T, Nohmi T, O'Donovan MR, Sasaki YF, Sofuni T, Tice R. Report of the IWGT working group on strategies and interpretation of regulatory in vivo tests I. Increases in micronucleated bone marrow cells in rodents that do not indicate genotoxic hazards. Mutat Res 2006; 627:78-91. [PMID: 17116417 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2006.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2006] [Revised: 07/31/2006] [Accepted: 08/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In vivo genotoxicity tests play a pivotal role in genotoxicity testing batteries. They are used both to determine if potential genotoxicity observed in vitro is realised in vivo and to detect any genotoxic carcinogens that are poorly detected in vitro. It is recognised that individual in vivo genotoxicity tests have limited sensitivity but good specificity. Thus, a positive result from the established in vivo assays is taken as strong evidence for genotoxic carcinogenicity of the compound tested. However, there is a growing body of evidence that compound-related disturbances in the physiology of the rodents used in these assays can result in increases in micronucleated cells in the bone marrow that are not related to the intrinsic genotoxicity of the compound under test. For rodent bone marrow or peripheral blood micronucleus tests, these disturbances include changes in core body temperature (hypothermia and hyperthermia) and increases in erythropoiesis following prior toxicity to erythroblasts or by direct stimulation of cell division in these cells. This paper reviews relevant data from the literature and also previously unpublished data obtained from a questionnaire devised by the IWGT working group. Regulatory implications of these findings are discussed and flow diagrams have been provided to aid in interpretation and decision-making when such changes in physiology are suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Tweats
- Centre for Molecular Genetics and Toxicology, University of Wales, Swansea, UK.
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120
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Odeyemi IAO, Dakin HA, O'Donnell RA, Warner J, Jacobs A, Dasgupta P. Epidemiology, prescribing patterns and resource use associated with overactive bladder in UK primary care. Int J Clin Pract 2006; 60:949-58. [PMID: 16893437 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2006.01057.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the incidence and prevalence of overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms in the UK and analyse the use of anticholinergic/antispasmodic medications and other healthcare resources within UK general practice. Patients with a record of urinary frequency, urgency, nocturia, urge incontinence or irritable/unstable bladder between 1987 and 2004 were identified from the General Practice Research Database. Demographic characteristics, referrals, consultations, investigations and prescriptions for medications licensed for use in OAB were identified. Regression analyses were used to identify the factors determining switches between medications, referrals and use of healthcare resources. The overall prevalence of OAB-related symptoms was 3.87 per 1000 persons, with an incidence of 2.79 per 1000 person-years. Among 68,910 patients with OAB symptoms, 19,444 (28.2%) received anticholinergic medication, of whom 14,454 (74.3%) received one drug and 4055 (20.9%) received two medications sequentially. Overall, 59.1% of patients were referred to relevant secondary care specialities, 2.8% underwent urinary tests/investigations in primary care and 0.2% were seen by a continence nurse. Resource use was higher among patients who tried several different medications. In conclusion, this study suggests that OAB may be under-diagnosed in the UK and that current guidelines recommending use of anticholinergic medication, continence nurse consultations and urinary tests/investigations are inadequately followed.
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121
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Sobesky J, Frackowiak M, Zaro Weber O, Schmülling S, Strotmann T, Rudolf J, Neveling M, Grond M, Jacobs A, Haupt W, Heiss W. Das Kölner Schlaganfallprojekt: Sicherheit und klinisches Outcome bei 450 Patienten mit CT-basierter intravenöser Thrombolyse im 3-h Fenster. Akt Neurol 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-953241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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122
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Ullrich R, Kracht L, Jacobs A. C-11methionine positron emission tomography in recurrent gliomas. Akt Neurol 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-953185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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123
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Sobesky J, Zaro Weber O, Frackowiak M, Möller Hartmann W, Neveling M, Jacobs A, Heiss W. Abschätzung der Hypoperfusion mittels Time-to-peak maps unter Berücksichtigung der Gefäßpathologie und Ischämiedauer: Vergleich von MRT und PET in 45 Messungen. Akt Neurol 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-952991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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124
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Schmitz S, Winkeler A, Jacobs A. Cell specific promoter mediated transgene expression for gene therapy purposes in the CNS. Akt Neurol 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-919379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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125
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Jacobs A, Nassimbeni LR, Taljaard B. Inclusion compounds of isomeric xanthenol hosts with aniline. Acta Crystallogr A 2005. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767305087726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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126
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Sobesky J, Zaro Weber O, Lehnhardt FG, Hesselmann V, Thiel A, Dohmen C, Jacobs A, Neveling M, Heiss WD. Which time-to-peak threshold best identifies penumbral flow? A comparison of perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2004; 35:2843-7. [PMID: 15514190 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.0000147043.29399.f6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In acute ischemic stroke, the hypoperfused but viable tissue is the main therapeutic target. In clinical routine, time-to-peak (TTP) maps are frequently used to estimate the hemodynamic compromise and to calculate the mismatch volume. We evaluated the accuracy of TTP maps to identify penumbral flow by comparison with positron emission tomography (PET). METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and PET were performed in 11 patients with acute ischemic stroke (median 8 hours after stroke onset, 60 minutes between MRI and PET imaging). The volumes defined by increasing TTP thresholds (relative TTP delay of >2, >4, >6, >8, and >10 seconds) were compared with the volume of hypoperfusion (<20 mL/100 g per min) assessed by 15O-water PET. In a volumetric analysis, each threshold's sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were calculated. RESULTS The median hypoperfusion volume was 34.5 cm3. Low TTP thresholds included large parts of the hypoperfused but also large parts of normoperfused tissue (median sensitivity/specificity: 93%/60% for TTP >2) and vice versa (50%/91% for TTP >10). TTP >4 seconds best identifies hypoperfusion (84%/77%). The positive predictive values increased with the size of hypoperfusion. CONCLUSIONS This first comparison of quantitative PET-CBF with TTP maps in acute ischemic human stroke indicates that the TTP threshold is crucial to reliably identify the tissue at risk; TTP >4 seconds best identifies penumbral flow; and TTP maps overestimate the extent of true hemodynamic compromise depending on the size of ischemia. Only if methodological restrictions are kept in mind, relative TTP maps are suitable to estimate the mismatch volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sobesky
- Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Cologne, Germany.
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127
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Wolfaardt F, Taljaard JL, Jacobs A, Male JR, Rabie CJ. Assessment of wood-inhabiting Basidiomycetes for biokraft pulping of softwood chips. Bioresour Technol 2004; 95:25-30. [PMID: 15207290 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2004.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2003] [Accepted: 01/27/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Wood-inhabiting Basidiomycetes have been screened for various applications in the pulp and paper industry and it is evident that different fungi need to be used to suit the specific requirements of each application. This study assessed the suitability of 278 strains of South African wood-decay fungi for the pre-treatment of softwood chips for kraft pulping. The influence of these fungi on kappa number, yield and strength properties of pulp was evaluated. A number of these strains were more efficient in reducing kappa number than the frequently used strains of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. Six strains of Stereum hirsutum and a strain of an unidentified species were able to reduce the kappa number significantly without a significant influence on the pulp yield. Treatment of wood with two strains of S. hirsutum, one strain of Peniophora sp. and a strain of an unidentified species resulted in paper with improved strength properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wolfaardt
- Sappi Forest Products, Technology Centre, Hatfield, South Africa.
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128
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Abstract
Gene therapy of cancer has been one of the most exciting and elusive areas of scientific and clinical research in the past decade. One of the most critical issues for ensuring success of this therapy is the development of technology for noninvasive monitoring of the location, magnitude and duration of vector-mediated gene expression, as well as the distribution and targeting of vector particles in vivo. In recent years many advances have been made in high-resolution, in vivo imaging methods, including: radionuclide imaging, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission tomography (SPECT), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and spectroscopy, bioluminescence imaging and various fluorescence imaging techniques, including fluorescence-mediated tomography (FMT) and near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) reflectance imaging. A variety of factors determine the choice of specific imaging system, some of them are the imaging requirements (single or repeated), intended use (animal or human) and spatial requirements (organs versus cellular resolution and depth). This review provides descriptions of modalities applicable to imaging different parameters of vector-mediated gene expression in tumors and stem cell tracking in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shah
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
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129
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131
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Verhoeven K, Coen K, De Vriendt E, Jacobs A, Van Gerwen V, Smouts I, Pou-Serradell A, Martin JJ, Timmerman V, De Jonghe P. SPTLC1 mutation in twin sisters with hereditary sensory neuropathy type I. Neurology 2004; 62:1001-2. [PMID: 15037712 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000115388.10828.5c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary sensory neuropathy type I (HSN I) is an autosomal dominant ulceromutilating disorder of the peripheral nervous system characterized by progressive sensory loss. HSN I locus maps to chromosome 9q22.1-22.3 and is caused by mutations in the gene coding for serine palmitoyltransferase long-chain base subunit 1 (SPTLC1). A novel missense mutation in exon 13 of the SPTLC1 gene (c.1160G-->C; p.G387A) in twin sisters with a severe HSN I phenotype is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Verhoeven
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
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132
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de Vries BBA, Severijnen LA, Jacobs A, Olmer R, Halley DJJ, Oostra BA, Willemsen R. FMRP expression studies in blood and hair roots in a fragile X family with methylation mosaics. J Med Genet 2003; 40:535-9. [PMID: 12843328 PMCID: PMC1735519 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.40.7.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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133
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Willemsen R, Smits A, Severijnen LA, Jansen M, Jacobs A, De Bruyn E, Oostra B. Predictive testing for cognitive functioning in female carriers of the fragile X syndrome using hair root analysis. J Med Genet 2003; 40:377-9. [PMID: 12746404 PMCID: PMC1735463 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.40.5.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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134
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Borghgraef M, Sacco S, Gomot M, De Vos B, Jacobs A, Buret V, Desportes V. Neuro-cognitive and behavioural aspects in non-specific mental retardation. A proposal for phenotyping new XLMR genes. Genet Couns 2003; 13:195-8. [PMID: 12150223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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135
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Lamb JC, Koëter HBWM, Becker R, Gies A, Davies L, Inoue T, Jacobs A, Lyons G, Matsumoto M, Timm G. Risk management options for endocrine disruptors in national and international programs. PURE APPL CHEM 2003. [DOI: 10.1351/pac200375112549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This workshop was convened to address common issues and concerns associated with risk management of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). The talks described the tools and policies for key Japanese, Australian, German, and U.S. regulatory agencies. The agencies participating in the workshop were responsible for the regulation of various substances including: chemicals, pesticides, environmental contamination, pharmaceuticals, and food additives. The panel also described the role of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in standardizing the tools and validation of testing and screening methods. The panel also included nongovernmental organizations presenting the views of the World Wildlife Fund, and the chemical industry from industrialized nations; each organization described its concerns and proposed approaches to risk management of EDCs. This summary highlights the most important areas of common points of view of government, industry, and environmentalists. We also try to identify issues upon which viewpoints diverge.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. C. Lamb
- 1BBL Sciences, BBL, Inc., Reston, VA 20190, USA; Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France; American Chemical Council, USA; UBA, Germany; Department of Health and Ageing, Australia; NIHS, Japan; U.S. Food and Drug Administration, USA; World Wildlife Fund, UK; Chemical Management Policy Division, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, 1-3-1Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8901, Japan; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, USA
| | - H. B. W. M. Koëter
- 1BBL Sciences, BBL, Inc., Reston, VA 20190, USA; Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France; American Chemical Council, USA; UBA, Germany; Department of Health and Ageing, Australia; NIHS, Japan; U.S. Food and Drug Administration, USA; World Wildlife Fund, UK; Chemical Management Policy Division, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, 1-3-1Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8901, Japan; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, USA
| | - R. Becker
- 1BBL Sciences, BBL, Inc., Reston, VA 20190, USA; Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France; American Chemical Council, USA; UBA, Germany; Department of Health and Ageing, Australia; NIHS, Japan; U.S. Food and Drug Administration, USA; World Wildlife Fund, UK; Chemical Management Policy Division, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, 1-3-1Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8901, Japan; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, USA
| | - A. Gies
- 1BBL Sciences, BBL, Inc., Reston, VA 20190, USA; Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France; American Chemical Council, USA; UBA, Germany; Department of Health and Ageing, Australia; NIHS, Japan; U.S. Food and Drug Administration, USA; World Wildlife Fund, UK; Chemical Management Policy Division, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, 1-3-1Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8901, Japan; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, USA
| | - Les Davies
- 1BBL Sciences, BBL, Inc., Reston, VA 20190, USA; Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France; American Chemical Council, USA; UBA, Germany; Department of Health and Ageing, Australia; NIHS, Japan; U.S. Food and Drug Administration, USA; World Wildlife Fund, UK; Chemical Management Policy Division, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, 1-3-1Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8901, Japan; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, USA
| | - T. Inoue
- 1BBL Sciences, BBL, Inc., Reston, VA 20190, USA; Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France; American Chemical Council, USA; UBA, Germany; Department of Health and Ageing, Australia; NIHS, Japan; U.S. Food and Drug Administration, USA; World Wildlife Fund, UK; Chemical Management Policy Division, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, 1-3-1Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8901, Japan; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, USA
| | - A. Jacobs
- 1BBL Sciences, BBL, Inc., Reston, VA 20190, USA; Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France; American Chemical Council, USA; UBA, Germany; Department of Health and Ageing, Australia; NIHS, Japan; U.S. Food and Drug Administration, USA; World Wildlife Fund, UK; Chemical Management Policy Division, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, 1-3-1Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8901, Japan; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, USA
| | - G. Lyons
- 1BBL Sciences, BBL, Inc., Reston, VA 20190, USA; Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France; American Chemical Council, USA; UBA, Germany; Department of Health and Ageing, Australia; NIHS, Japan; U.S. Food and Drug Administration, USA; World Wildlife Fund, UK; Chemical Management Policy Division, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, 1-3-1Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8901, Japan; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, USA
| | - M. Matsumoto
- 1BBL Sciences, BBL, Inc., Reston, VA 20190, USA; Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France; American Chemical Council, USA; UBA, Germany; Department of Health and Ageing, Australia; NIHS, Japan; U.S. Food and Drug Administration, USA; World Wildlife Fund, UK; Chemical Management Policy Division, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, 1-3-1Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8901, Japan; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, USA
| | - G. Timm
- 1BBL Sciences, BBL, Inc., Reston, VA 20190, USA; Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France; American Chemical Council, USA; UBA, Germany; Department of Health and Ageing, Australia; NIHS, Japan; U.S. Food and Drug Administration, USA; World Wildlife Fund, UK; Chemical Management Policy Division, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, 1-3-1Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8901, Japan; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, USA
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Jacobs A, Brown P, Farrelly J, Fisher JE, Morse D. Endocrine disruption and the USFDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. PURE APPL CHEM 2003. [DOI: 10.1351/pac200375112605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Drugs may have intended or unintended endocrine effects. Drug evaluation may include both in vitro and in vivo evaluations of toxicity and developmental/reproductive effects. After a signal is identified, human relevance is of utmost concern. An integration "tool" that formalizes a weight-of-evidence approach has been developed to assess concern about reproductive/ developmental toxicity to humans. This approach can be used to assess concern about an endocrine disruption signal. A signal alone does not mean a concern for humans. An effect needs to have biologic relevance, and exposure thresholds for effects may exist. Risk/benefit for a particular drug is a clinical decision and may vary by the drug indication. Risk management for an identified concern could include wording in patient communications, tracking distribution or limited distribution, and patient or pregnancy registries.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Jacobs
- 1U.S.Food and Drug Administration, HFD-540 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857,USA
| | - Paul Brown
- 1U.S.Food and Drug Administration, HFD-540 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857,USA
| | - James Farrelly
- 1U.S.Food and Drug Administration, HFD-540 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857,USA
| | - J. E. Fisher
- 1U.S.Food and Drug Administration, HFD-540 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857,USA
| | - D. Morse
- 1U.S.Food and Drug Administration, HFD-540 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857,USA
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION For many patients with brain tumors, the ideal management strategy may be a planned subtotal resection followed by stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). However, intraoperative visual inspection may be an inadequate measure of the amount of residual lesion. Intraoperative MRI (IMRI) may help to ensure that the goals of surgery have been achieved and that the best possible target for SRS remains. PATIENTS AND METHODS We have operated on 68 patients using the PoleStar N-10 IMRI system (Odin Medical Technologies, Yokne'am, Israel). Benign extraaxial lesions were present in 34 patients. In 12 patients subtotal resection and adjuvant SRS were planned. Diagnoses included 5 pituitary adenomas, 4 meningiomas, 2 vestibular schwannomas, and 1 trigeminal schwannoma. Tumor resection was performed until critical structures (e.g. superior sagittal sinus) were being approached and IMRI demonstrated that the lesion was as small as possible. RESULTS In 1 patient a surgical resection was completed, while in 11 others the plan for subtotal resection was carried out. One patient with an extensive meningioma was treated with fractionated 3-dimensional conformal fractionated radiation therapy, as her tumor remained too large for SRS. In the remaining 10 patients an ideally small target remained for SRS; 3 patients have been treated so far. CONCLUSIONS Adjuvant SRS after subtotal tumor resection is an excellent management strategy for many patients with intracranial tumors. IMRI can ensure that the surgical goals have been reached. Future comparison of target volumes, integral volume doses, and patient outcomes are planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schulder
- Department of Neurosurgery and Division of Radiation Oncology, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
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Abstract
The overall goals of the broad and growing field of molecular medicine is to identify fundamental errors of disease and to develop corrections of them on the molecular level. At the same time, real-time imaging of gene expression in vivo aims towards a detailed analysis of both endogenous and exogenous gene expression in animal models of disease and in the clinical setting. Non-invasive imaging of endogenous gene expression may reveal insight into the molecular basis of disease pathogenesis and the extent of treatment response. When exogenous genes are introduced, e.g. by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-based vectors, to ameliorate a genetic defect or to add an additional gene function to cells, imaging techniques may reveal the assessment of the location, magnitude and duration of therapeutic gene expression and its correlation to the therapeutic effect. Here, we review the main approaches of non-invasive imaging techniques of gene expression in vivo with special reference to HSV-1 vector-mediated gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jacobs
- Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Max-Planck-Institute for Neurological Research, Center of Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany.
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Jacobs A, Dahlman O. Characterization of the molar masses of hemicelluloses from wood and pulps employing size exclusion chromatography and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Biomacromolecules 2002; 2:894-905. [PMID: 11710047 DOI: 10.1021/bm010050b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The molar mass parameters for arabino-4-O-methylglucuronoxylans, arabinohexenuronoxylans, 4-O-methylglucuronoxylans, hexenuronoxylans, and galactoglucomannans extracted from wood and pulps have been determined. To characterize different types of hemicelluloses, delignified wood (spruce, pine, larch, aspen, and birch) and chemical pulps (unbleached and totally chlorine-free bleached) were extracted with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or alkaline aqueous solutions. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with off-line matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) were employed to characterize the molar masses. The hemicellulose extracts were separated by SEC into fractions each containing components with a narrow range of molar masses and the average molar mass of each fraction subsequently determined by MALDI-MS. The molar mass parameters for the hemicelluloses were then calculated on the basis of the SEC distribution curves and MALDI-MS spectra. As expected, in most cases the hemicelluloses extracted from wood (holocellulose) exhibited higher molar masses than did the corresponding hemicelluloses from chemical pulps. The molar mass parameters for hemicelluloses isolated from pulps derived from cooking samples of the same batch of softwood chips decreased in the following order: ASAM pulp > MSSAQ pulp > kraft pulp. The lowest molar masses were demonstrated by the glucuronoxylans extracted from pulps obtained by cooking with acidic sulfite. The xylans from bleached kraft pulp were characterized by molar masses that were only slightly lower than those of the corresponding xylans from unbleached pulp. The xylans extracted into DMSO exhibited somewhat lower molar masses than did the corresponding xylans extracted into alkaline aqueous solutions. In all cases the range of molar masses demonstrated by the hemicelluloses investigated was found to be rather narrow, i.e., the polydispersity index Mw/Mn was found to be approximately 1.1-1.4.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jacobs
- Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute (STFI), P.O. Box 5604, S-11486 Stockholm, Sweden
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Jacobs A, Larsson PT, Dahlman O. Distribution of uronic acids in xylans from various species of soft- and hardwood as determined by MALDI mass spectrometry. Biomacromolecules 2002; 2:979-90. [PMID: 11710059 DOI: 10.1021/bm010062x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of 4-O-methylglucuronic acid residues along the polysaccharide chains of xylans isolated from birch, aspen, spruce, pine, and larch was studied here employing matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) analysis of the oligosaccharide mixtures obtained by partial acid hydrolysis. The hydrolyzates thus obtained were analyzed by MALDI-MS or by capillary electrophoresis as well as by size exclusion chromatography in combination with MALDI-MS. In the case of all softwood xylans examined, the major portion of the 4-O-methylglucuronic acid residues were distributed regularly on every seventh or eighth xylose residue, while a minor portion of these residues were attached to adjacent xylose residues in the beta-(1-->4)-D-xylopolysaccharide chains. In contrast, the 4-O-methylglucuronic acid residues in the hardwood xylans examined were found to be distributed irregularly within the xylan. Further support for these experimental findings with the xylans was obtained by simulation of the distribution patterns of the molecular masses of oligosaccharides arising from polysaccharides with the postulated distribution of uronic acid residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jacobs
- Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute (STFI), P.O. Box 5604, SE-11486 Stockholm, Sweden
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Hennigs SP, Garmer M, Jaeger HJ, Classen R, Jacobs A, Gissler HM, Christmann A, Mathias K. Digital chest radiography with a large-area flat-panel silicon X-ray detector: clinical comparison with conventional radiography. Eur Radiol 2002; 11:1688-96. [PMID: 11511890 DOI: 10.1007/s003300000795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2000] [Accepted: 11/24/2000] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This was a radiologists' preference study to compare a digital chest radiography system that utilizes a large-area silicon flat-panel detector with conventional radiography for visualizing anatomic regions of the chest. Conventional and digital posteroanterior (PA) and lateral chest radiographs were obtained in 115 patients. The PA and lateral image pairs were compared independently by three radiologists rating the overall appearance, 11 anatomic regions in the PA, and 9 in the lateral views. Statistical analysis was performed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test with Bonferroni-Holm adjustment (p=0.05). For the PA view, the digital system performed significantly better for the overall appearance and for all anatomic regions except for the peripheral pulmonary vasculature and hilum, where no significant difference was found. For the lateral digital images, the regions trachea, costodiaphragmatic recess, and hilum were rated significantly worse. The regions retrosternal and retrocardiac lung were rated significantly better. The other regions and the overall appearance showed no significant differences. The described digital chest radiography system showed statistically superior visualization of anatomic regions for PA and an ambiguous performance for lateral images as compared with conventional radiography. After changing some image processing parameters for the lateral view, this system may be suitable for digitalization of chest radiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Hennigs
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Staedtische Kliniken Dortmund, Beurhausstrasse 40, 44137 Dortmund, Germany.
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Noben JP, Gielen B, Royackers E, Missotten M, Jacobs A, Raus J. A high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric screening method for eight synthetic corticosteroids in bovine feces and the simultaneous differentiation between dexamethasone and betamethasone. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2002; 16:1590-1594. [PMID: 12203252 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A screening method was developed to monitor the illegal use of synthetic corticosteroids in cattle. Diethyl ether extracts from spiked feces samples were cleaned-up by solid phase extraction followed by semipreparative reversed-phase chromatography (RPC). The fraction containing the corticosteroids was derivatized with ethoxyamine hydrochloride. The corresponding ethoximes were separated using silica-based C18 RPC and analyzed on-line in an ion trap mass spectrometer using atmospheric pressure positive chemical ionization. Ethoxime derivatives of dexamethasone and betamethasone were baseline resolved, allowing for the simultaneous mass spectrometric differentiation of both epimers in bovine feces by conventional non-chiral chromatography. At the lowest level tested (1 micro g/kg), corticosteroids (except triamcinolone) could be identified in compliance with the recent European criteria for residue identification. The quantitative performance of the method was best at residue levels > or = 2 micro g/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Noben
- Laboratory of Residue Analysis, Biomedical Research Institute, Limburgs Universitair Centrum, Universitaire Campus Gebouw C, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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Jacobs A. Testing for Helicobacter pylori in dyspeptic patients. Did paper have statistical discrepancies? BMJ 2001; 323:1066; author reply 1067-8. [PMID: 11713742 PMCID: PMC1121557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Jacobs A, Williams A, McColl KEL, Murray LS, Sultana R, Weijnen CF, Numans ME, de Wit NJ, Moons KGM, Verheij TJM, Hoes AW, Smout AJPM. Testing for Helicobacter pylori in dyspeptic patients. West J Med 2001. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.323.7320.1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Smith SC, Blair SN, Bonow RO, Brass LM, Cerqueira MD, Dracup K, Fuster V, Gotto A, Grundy SM, Miller NH, Jacobs A, Jones D, Krauss RM, Mosca L, Ockene I, Pasternak RC, Pearson T, Pfeffer MA, Starke RD, Taubert KA. AHA/ACC Guidelines for Preventing Heart Attack and Death in Patients With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: 2001 update. A statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 38:1581-3. [PMID: 11691544 DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01682-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Wong SC, Sleeper LA, Monrad ES, Menegus MA, Palazzo A, Dzavik V, Jacobs A, Jiang X, Hochman JS. Absence of gender differences in clinical outcomes in patients with cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction. A report from the SHOCK Trial Registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 38:1395-401. [PMID: 11691514 DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01581-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the impact of gender on clinical course and in-hospital mortality in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) complicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI). BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated higher mortality for women compared with men with ST elevation myocardial infarctions and higher rates of CS after AMI. The influence of gender and its interaction with various treatment strategies on clinical outcomes once CS develops is unclear. METHODS Using the SHould we emergently revascularize Occluded Coronaries for cardiogenic shocK? (SHOCK) Registry database of 1,190 patients with suspected CS in the setting of AMI, we examined shock etiologies by gender. Among the 884 patients with predominant left ventricular (LV) failure, we compared the patient demographics, angiographic and hemodynamic findings, treatment approaches as well as the clinical outcomes of women versus men. This study had a 97% power to detect a 10% absolute difference in mortality by gender. RESULTS Left ventricular failure was the most frequent cause of CS for both gender groups. Women in the SHOCK Registry had a significantly higher incidence of mechanical complications including ventricular septal rupture and acute severe mitral regurgitation. Among patients with predominant LV failure, women were, on average, 4.6 years older, had a higher incidence of hypertension, diabetes and a lower cardiac index. The overall mortality rate for the entire cohort was high (61%). After adjustment for differences in patient demographics and treatment approaches, there was no significant difference in in-hospital mortality between the two gender groups (odds ratio = 1.03, 95% confidence interval of 0.73 to 1.43, p = 0.88). Mortality was also similar for women and men who were selected for revascularization (44% vs. 38%, p = 0.244). CONCLUSIONS Women with CS complicating AMI had more frequent adverse clinical characteristics and mechanical complications. Women derived the same benefit as men from revascularization, and gender was not independently associated with in-hospital mortality in the SHOCK Registry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Wong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York 10021, USA.
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Abstract
The protein transduction domain from the HIV-1 tat protein (termed PTD-tat) has been fused to the C-terminus of a model cargo protein, the IgG binding domain of streptococcal protein G. We demonstrate that PG-Ctat (PTD-tat fused to the C-terminus of protein G) binds to a heparin affinity column. PG-Ctat binds with relatively high affinity, as shown by its elution at 1.6 M NaCl. The heparin binding properties of PTD-tat are consistent with the idea that heparan sulfate, an analog of heparin found at the cell surface, plays a role in the translocation of PTD-tat fusions. We suggest that the heparin-binding properties of PTD-tat can be exploited for purification of PTD-tat fusions in the absence of affinity tags.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hakansson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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Smith SC, Blair SN, Bonow RO, Brass LM, Cerqueira MD, Dracup K, Fuster V, Gotto A, Grundy SM, Miller NH, Jacobs A, Jones D, Krauss RM, Mosca L, Ockene I, Pasternak RC, Pearson T, Pfeffer MA, Starke RD, Taubert KA. AHA/ACC Scientific Statement: AHA/ACC guidelines for preventing heart attack and death in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: 2001 update: A statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology. Circulation 2001; 104:1577-9. [PMID: 11571256 DOI: 10.1161/hc3801.097475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Meltzer CC, Kondziolka D, Villemagne VL, Wechsler L, Goldstein S, Thulborn KR, Gebel J, Elder EM, DeCesare S, Jacobs A. Serial [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography after human neuronal implantation for stroke. Neurosurgery 2001; 49:586-91; discussion 591-2. [PMID: 11523668 DOI: 10.1097/00006123-200109000-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is no known effective treatment for chronic stroke. In this report, we used positron emission tomography (PET) with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) to map the metabolic brain response to neuronal cell implantation in the first human neuroimplantation trial for stroke. METHODS Twelve patients (nine men, three women; mean age +/- standard deviation, 60.8+/-8.3 yr) with chronic basal ganglia infarction and persistent motor deficit underwent FDG PET within 1 week before and 6 and 12 months after stereotactic implantation of human neuronal cells. Serial neurological evaluations during a 52-week postoperative period included the National Institutes of Health stroke scale and the European stroke scale. RESULTS Alterations in glucose metabolic activity in the stroke and surrounding tissue at 6 and 12 months after implantation correlated positively with motor performance measures. CONCLUSION FDG PET performed as part of an initial open-label human trial of implanted LBS-Neurons (Layton BioScience, Sunnyvale, CA) for chronic stroke demonstrates a relationship between relative regional metabolic changes and clinical performance measures. These preliminary findings suggest improved local cellular function or engraftment of implanted cells in some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Meltzer
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pennsylvania 15213-2582, USA.
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