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Hsieh TT, Hung TH, Chen KC, Hsieh CC, Lo LM, Chiu TH. Perinatal outcome of oligohydramnios without associated premature rupture of membranes and fetal anomalies. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2000; 45:232-6. [PMID: 9623787 DOI: 10.1159/000009974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the perinatal outcome of patients with oligohydramnios (amniotic fluid index < or = 5 cm), but without premature rupture of membranes and fetal congenital anomalies, data from 245 singleton pregnancies were analyzed and compared to those with normal amniotic fluid volumes (5 < amniotic fluid index < 24 cm, n=27,261). Significantly higher incidences of primiparity, pregnancy-induced hypertension, premature separation of placenta, past history of intrauterine fetal death, past history of preterm delivery, postterm pregnancy, and advanced maternal age were noted to be associated with the occurrence of oligohydramnios. Pregnancies complicated by a markedly diminished amniotic fluid volume assessed antenatally by ultrasound were significantly more frequently associated with adverse perinatal outcomes such as preterm delivery, low or very low birth weight, low Apgar scores, intrauterine fetal death, small-for-gestational-age newborns, meconium staining, cesarean delivery, neonatal intensive care, and neonatal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Hsieh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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102
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Hsieh CC, Yen MH, Liu HW, Lau YT. Lysophosphatidylcholine induces apoptotic and non-apoptotic death in vascular smooth muscle cells: in comparison with oxidized LDL. Atherosclerosis 2000; 151:481-91. [PMID: 10924725 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(00)00453-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) plays a key role in the development of atherogenesis, partly by causing injury to vascular cells. However, different preparations of LDL, methods of oxidation, and/or active components often produce cellular effects of various degrees. To explore the quantitative relationship between dose and level of oxidation of the oxLDL utilized, we employed combinations of different levels of oxidation and concentrations of oxLDL to induce cell death in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). We also examined the effect of lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC), a putative active component of oxLDL, on VSMCs by determining, in parallel with a cytotoxicity test (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay), DNA fragmentation ([3H]thymidine release), and flow cytometric analyses. We found that oxLDL caused cytotoxicity in an oxidative level- and dose-dependent manner, lysoPC also caused dose-dependent cytotoxicity with or without serum. Fragmentation of DNA was observed in both oxLDL- and lysoPC-treated VSMCs. Furthermore, lysoPC-induced DNA ladder was also demonstrated by gel electrophoresis at a concentration of 25 micromol/l or higher. Flow cytometric analysis yielded similar results for oxLDL- and lysoPC-treated VSMC; namely, an accumulation in the fraction of cells in G(0)/G(1) phase with a reciprocal change in S-phase fraction. Membrane phosphatidylserine exposure, detected by annexin V staining, provided additional evidence that lysoPC induced significant apoptosis in VSMC. Taken together, the degree of oxLDL-induced cytotoxicity/apoptosis of VSMC depended on combined effects of oxLDL concentration and oxidative level. Moreover, lysoPC also elicited a dose-dependent apoptosis in addition to cytotoxicity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Death
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA Fragmentation
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Lipoproteins, LDL/pharmacology
- Lysophosphatidylcholines/pharmacology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Phosphatidylserines/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred WKY
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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103
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Stuver SO, Kuper H, Tzonou A, Lagiou P, Spanos E, Hsieh CC, Mantzoros C, Trichopoulos D. Insulin-like growth factor 1 in hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic liver cancer in men. Int J Cancer 2000. [PMID: 10861461 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0215(20000701)87: 1<118: : aid-ijc17>3.0.co; 2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis has important autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine roles in the promotion of growth. Alterations of the IGF system have recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of several malignancies, but the relation to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk is unclear. To address this issue, we used an immunoradiometric assay to quantify IGF-1 levels in serum samples in a hospital-based, case-control study in Greece. The study subjects were all men and included 53 patients with HCC positive for hepatitis B and/or hepatitis C virus infections, 20 virus-negative HCC patients, 25 virus-negative patients with metastatic liver cancer (MLC), and 111 virus-negative control subjects. Data were analyzed by multiple linear regression, using IGF-1 as the dependent variable. The mean value of IGF-1 was 65.9 ng/ml among virus-positive HCC patients, 79.5 ng/ml among virus-negative HCC patients, 110.8 ng/ml among patients with MLC, and 174.7 ng/ml among hospital controls. After controlling for the degree of liver damage, as assessed by prothrombin time and serum albumin level, the reduction in IGF-1 level among HCC patients was found to be more than could be attributed to liver damage alone. This finding may have both diagnostic and pathophysiological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S O Stuver
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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104
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Stuver SO, Kuper H, Tzonou A, Lagiou P, Spanos E, Hsieh CC, Mantzoros C, Trichopoulos D. Insulin-like growth factor 1 in hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic liver cancer in men. Int J Cancer 2000. [PMID: 10861461 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0215(20000701)87:1%3c118::aid-ijc17%3e3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis has important autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine roles in the promotion of growth. Alterations of the IGF system have recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of several malignancies, but the relation to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk is unclear. To address this issue, we used an immunoradiometric assay to quantify IGF-1 levels in serum samples in a hospital-based, case-control study in Greece. The study subjects were all men and included 53 patients with HCC positive for hepatitis B and/or hepatitis C virus infections, 20 virus-negative HCC patients, 25 virus-negative patients with metastatic liver cancer (MLC), and 111 virus-negative control subjects. Data were analyzed by multiple linear regression, using IGF-1 as the dependent variable. The mean value of IGF-1 was 65.9 ng/ml among virus-positive HCC patients, 79.5 ng/ml among virus-negative HCC patients, 110.8 ng/ml among patients with MLC, and 174.7 ng/ml among hospital controls. After controlling for the degree of liver damage, as assessed by prothrombin time and serum albumin level, the reduction in IGF-1 level among HCC patients was found to be more than could be attributed to liver damage alone. This finding may have both diagnostic and pathophysiological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S O Stuver
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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105
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Stuver SO, Kuper H, Tzonou A, Lagiou P, Spanos E, Hsieh CC, Mantzoros C, Trichopoulos D. Insulin-like growth factor 1 in hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic liver cancer in men. Int J Cancer 2000; 87:118-21. [PMID: 10861461 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0215(20000701)87:1<118::aid-ijc17>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis has important autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine roles in the promotion of growth. Alterations of the IGF system have recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of several malignancies, but the relation to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk is unclear. To address this issue, we used an immunoradiometric assay to quantify IGF-1 levels in serum samples in a hospital-based, case-control study in Greece. The study subjects were all men and included 53 patients with HCC positive for hepatitis B and/or hepatitis C virus infections, 20 virus-negative HCC patients, 25 virus-negative patients with metastatic liver cancer (MLC), and 111 virus-negative control subjects. Data were analyzed by multiple linear regression, using IGF-1 as the dependent variable. The mean value of IGF-1 was 65.9 ng/ml among virus-positive HCC patients, 79.5 ng/ml among virus-negative HCC patients, 110.8 ng/ml among patients with MLC, and 174.7 ng/ml among hospital controls. After controlling for the degree of liver damage, as assessed by prothrombin time and serum albumin level, the reduction in IGF-1 level among HCC patients was found to be more than could be attributed to liver damage alone. This finding may have both diagnostic and pathophysiological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S O Stuver
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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106
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Abstract
Diet appears to be a major determinant in the incidence of prostate cancer. In a case-control study conducted in Athens, Greece, we found that dairy products, butter and seed oils were positively associated with risk of prostate cancer, whereas cooked and raw tomatoes were inversely associated. We utilized the data from this study to calculate the population attributable fractions under alternative assumptions of feasible dietary changes. For each subject, a dietary score was calculated and categorized into approximately quintiles, representing increasing levels of prostate cancer risk as a function of the intake of the five discriminatory food groups or items. Population attributable fractions in terms of this dietary score were calculated taking into account multivariate adjustment. We observed that, if all individuals were shifted to the baseline category, the incidence of prostate cancer in this study population would be reduced by 41% (95% confidence interval 23-59%). However, if all individuals were shifted to the adjacent lower risk quintile, the expected incidence reduction would be a more modest 19%. The incidence of prostate cancer in Greece could be reduced by about two-fifths if the population increased the consumption of tomatoes and reduced the intake of dairy products, and substituted olive oil for other added lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bosetti
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
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107
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Kuper H, Tzonou A, Kaklamani E, Hsieh CC, Lagiou P, Adami HO, Trichopoulos D, Stuver SO. Tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and their interaction in the causation of hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2000. [PMID: 10699921 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(20000215)85:4<498::aid-ijc9>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During a 4-year period from January 1995 to December 1998, blood samples and questionnaire data were obtained from 333 incident cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as well as from 360 controls who were hospitalized for eye, ear, nose, throat or orthopedic conditions in Athens, Greece. Coded sera were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) by third-generation enzyme immunoassays, and information on smoking habits and beverage consumption was obtained. We found a significant dose-response, positive association between smoking and HCC risk [>/= 2 packs per day, odds ratio (OR)=2.5]. This association was stronger in individuals without chronic infection with either HBV or HCV (>/= 2 packs per day, OR=2.8). Consumption of alcoholic beverages above a threshold of 40 glasses per week increased the risk of HCC (OR=1.9). We also found evidence of a strong, statistically significant and apparently super-multiplicative effect of heavy smoking and heavy drinking in the development of HCC (OR for both exposures=9.6). This interaction was particularly evident among individuals without either HBsAg or anti-HCV (OR for both exposures=10.9). Coffee intake was not positively associated with HCC risk, but the reverse could not be excluded for the subgroup of chronically infected individuals. In conclusion, tobacco smoking and heavy alcohol consumption are associated with increased risk of HCC, especially when these 2 exposures occur together.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kuper
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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108
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Ballen K, Becker PS, Greiner D, Valinski H, Shearin D, Berrios V, Dooner G, Hsieh CC, Wuu J, Shultz L, Cerny J, Leif J, Stewart FM, Quesenberry P. Effect of ex vivo cytokine treatment on human cord blood engraftment in NOD-scid mice. Br J Haematol 2000; 108:629-40. [PMID: 10759723 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.01865.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood transplantation is considered an alternative to traditional bone marrow transplantation for patients who do not have matched sibling donors. In this study, we examined the effects of ex vivo treatment of human cord blood cells with cytokine mixtures and assessed the ability of treated cells to engraft in NOD-scid mice. We incubated the cord blood with a four-factor cytokine mixture of interleukin (IL)-3, IL-6, IL-11 and stem cell factor, or with a two-factor cytokine mixture of thrombopoietin and flt-3. Incubation of cord blood for 48 h with either cytokine mixture did not affect progenitor cell number or proliferative potential as measured by the high proliferative potential (HPP) assay. Cytokine-treated cord blood injected into irradiated NOD-scid mice resulted in multilineage human engraftment. Overall, incubation with cytokines resulted in variable levels of engraftment with different cord blood samples. Incubation of cord blood with the four-factor cytokine mixture resulted in increased survival of irradiated NOD-scid recipients. These results demonstrate that short-term ex vivo treatment of human progenitor cells gives variable results on in vivo multipotential capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ballen
- The Cancer Center and the Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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109
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Liu BY, Wang JT, Leu JS, Chiang CP, Hsieh CC, Kwan HW. Effects of continuous calcitonin treatment on osteoclasts derived from cocultures of mouse marrow stromal and spleen cells. J Formos Med Assoc 2000; 99:140-50. [PMID: 10770029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continuous calcitonin (CT) treatment for bone diseases associated with increased bone resorption may be followed by prolonged depression of osteoclast response to CT. The mechanisms of this "escape" phenomenon remain unclear. METHODS We examined the effects of continuous CT treatment on cell formation, calcitonin receptor (CTR) expression, response to CT, and bone resorption of osteoclasts in a coculture of mouse marrow stromal and spleen cells in the presence of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]. Cells were cocultured and treated with salmon CT (sCT) for 7, 14, or 21 days. The effects of continuous CT treatment on osteoclast formation was determined by quantitation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated cells (MNCs). CTR expression in osteoclasts was determined by binding of [125I]sCT in autoradiography. Bone resorption and CT responsiveness were assessed by examining the formation of resorption pits and by enumerating osteoclast reattachment on dentine slices after sCT rechallenge. RESULTS TRAP-positive MNCs appeared in cocultures treated with sCT and were similar in number and morphology to those in control cultures, regardless of the concentration and duration of sCT treatment. A decrease in CTR expression was identified as a loss of silver grains from the TRAP-positive cells in cocultures receiving sCT treatment for 14 or 21 days. Partial recovery of CTR expression in TRAP-positive cells was evident in cocultures treated with sCT for only the first 7 days of coculture. TRAP-positive MNCs in cocultures treated with sCT for 14 or 21 days were resistant to the rechallenge with sCT. They attached to dentine slices and caused numerous resorption pits compared with control cells and cells treated with sCT for the first 7 days of coculture (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the escape phenomenon that develops after continuous CT treatment may be due, at least in part to: 1) loss of responsiveness to CT in existing osteoclasts; and 2) development of new osteoclasts that are CTR-deficient and, therefore, refractory to CT rechallenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Y Liu
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei
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110
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Kao ST, Yeh TJ, Hsieh CC, Yeh FT, Lin JG. Effect of San-Ao-Tang on immediate and late airway response and leukocyte infiltration in asthmatic guinea pigs. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2000; 22:143-62. [PMID: 10737263 DOI: 10.3109/08923970009016412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
San-Ao-Tang (SAT), a traditional Chinese medicines, has been used to treat patients with the bronchial asthma for several centuries. However, the therapeutic mechanisms of this Chinese medicine are still far from clear. To understand the mechanism of antiasthmatic property of SAT, a guinea pig model of allergic asthma was used to investigate the effects of SAT on Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus-induced immediate and late asthmatic responses and airway inflammation. Our results showed that administration of SAT (10 g/kg) extracts significantly inhibited the antigen induced immediate asthmatic responses (IAR) in actively sensitized guinea pig. Examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) revealed that SAT significantly inhibited the increase in neutrophil in the airway at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 hr after antigen challenge. Histopathologic examination showed SAT suppressed the neutrophil infiltration into lung tissue. These results suggest that the antiasthmatic effect of SAT be mainly due to its bronchodilator effect and its ability to inhibit the neutrophil into the airway. The precise mechanism of action of SAT in asthma remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Kao
- Department of Immunology and Cellular Physiology, School of Post Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, and China Medical College Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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111
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Sturm-Ramirez K, Brumblay H, Diop K, Guèye-Ndiaye A, Sankalé JL, Thior I, N'Doye I, Hsieh CC, Mboup S, Kanki PJ. Molecular epidemiology of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in high-risk women in Senegal, West Africa. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:138-45. [PMID: 10618077 PMCID: PMC86040 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.38.1.138-145.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and heterogeneity of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in a cohort of female sex workers in Dakar (Senegal) were determined by using endocervical-swab-based PCR DNA amplification assays. The overall prevalence of cervical chlamydial infection was 28.5% (206 of 722), and most of these infections were asymptomatic. An increased number of sexual partners was significantly associated with infection (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06 to 1.77), while the presence of a yeast infection was negatively associated with chlamydial infection (AOR = 0.28; 95% CI = 0.10 to 0.83). Six different C. trachomatis genotypes were identified based on phylogenetic analysis of the omp1 gene sequences. Interestingly, genotype E predominated (47.6%) and was not associated with visible signs of cervical inflammation compared to non-E genotypes (P < 0.05). Overall, the high rate of asymptomatic C. trachomatis infection by genotype E may suggest genotype-specific properties that confer a transmission advantage in this high risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sturm-Ramirez
- Department of Immunology, Harvard School of Public Health and Harvard AIDS Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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112
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Jeng JH, Chan CP, Ho YS, Lan WH, Hsieh CC, Chang MC. Effects of Butyrate and Propionate on the Adhesion, Growth, Cell Cycle Kinetics, and Protein Synthesis of Cultured Human Gingival Fibroblasts. J Periodontol 1999; 70:1435-42. [PMID: 10632518 DOI: 10.1902/jop.1999.70.12.1435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various periodontal and root canal pathogens, such as the Bacteroides species, can produce significant amounts of short chain fatty acids (SCFA). The roles of SCFA in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease are still not fully understood. METHODS We therefore investigated 2 main SCFA, butyrate and propionate, on the functional behavior of cultured human gingival fibroblasts (GF) such as cell growth, protein synthesis, cell adhesion capacity, and cell cycle progression. RESULTS Butyrate and propionate inhibited the growth of healthy (HGF) and inflamed gingival fibroblasts (IGF) in a dose dependent manner. At concentrations of 4, 8, and 16 mM, butyrate suppressed the cell growth by 11 to 58%, 16 to 60%, and 50 to 71%, respectively. The response of cultured gingival fibroblasts to SCFA showed individual differences. Morphologically, GF became larger and more flattened in appearance following exposure to butyrate (>8 mM) and propionate (>24 mM) for 5 days. Inhibitory effects of butyrate (>2 mM) and propionate (>8 mM) on the growth of GF were due possibly to their inhibition of cell-cycle progression. At concentrations of 2 and 8 mM, butyrate led to G0/G1 arrest. Elevation of the exposure concentration to 8 to 24 mM further result in G2/M phase arrest of GF. On the other hand, propionate, at concentrations ranging from 4 to 24 mM, led to G0/G1 arrest. Butyrate (>2 mM) inhibited the proline-rich protein synthesis of GF. At concentrations of 4, 8, 16, and 24 mM, butyrate inhibited the protein synthesis of HGF-1 by 42%, 43%, 51%, and 54%, respectively. In all strains of cultured GF, the suppressive effect of propionate is less than that of butyrate. At concentration range of 4 to 24 mM, propionate suppressed the protein synthesis of HGF-1 by 23 to 43%. However, both butyrate and propionate (4 to 48 mM) exerted little effects on the adhesion of GF to type I collagen within 3 hours of incubation. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that SCFA released by pathogenic microorganisms can contribute to the gingival tissue dysfunction and breakdown through their actions on specific biological functions of GF.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Jeng
- Laboratory of Dental Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei
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113
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether tea consumption and intake of other beverages increases bladder cancer risk. METHODS A case-control study was conducted in Kaohsiung, Taiwan between August 1996 and June 1997. Index patients studied were consecutive patients with histologically confirmed, newly diagnosed bladder cancer in two major hospitals. For each patient, 4 controls were selected from patients with non-neoplastic and nonurologic diseases undergoing surgical operations in the same hospital and individually matched by sex, age, and date of admission. Using a structured questionnaire, a trained interviewer interviewed 40 patients and 160 controls. Conditional logistic regression analysis adjusting for ethnicity, family history, and smoking status and matching variables were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Tea consumption overall was associated with increased bladder cancer risk (OR 3.29, 95% CI 1.34 to 8.05). Compared with non-tea drinkers, the odds ratios of bladder cancer for oolong tea drinkers was 3.00 (95% CI 1.20 to 7.47); for non-oolong tea drinkers (black and/or other green tea), it was 14.86 (95% CI 2.13 to 103.83). The risk was greater among those who began to drink tea before age 40 (OR 9.50, 95% CI 2.39 to 37.75) and those who had been drinking tea for more than 30 years (OR 17.75, 95% CI 3.00 to 105.17). Coffee, tap water, and alcohol consumption were associated with a slightly increased risk, and both soy juice and rice juice consumption were associated with reduced risk; none of these odds ratio estimates were statistically significant, however. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that tea consumption is associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Lu
- Department of Urology, Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
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114
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Abstract
Two vehicle tunnels located in the Taipei area were selected to study the ozone formation potential of volatile aromatic compounds (VACs). Air samples in the two tunnels were collected using canisters. Analysis of VACs was conducted with a gas chromatograph equipped with a mass spectrometer. The total VOCs concentrations in Zefun tunnel ranged from 483.5 to 1032.2 (micrograms/m3) which increased with the increase in traffic volume. In the Lishin tunnel, the total VACs concentration ranged from 356.6 to 1961.3 (micrograms/m3) which was not well correlated with the traffic volume. The most predominant VACs in these vehicle tunnels were toluene and xylenes. Although the traffic volume and types of vehicles were not exactly the same, the characteristic ratios of the VACs concentrations were found to be similar. These results indicated that the existence of a specific characteristic ratio of VAC concentration was affected by the mobile sources. The maximum ozone formation potential resulted from the vehicles in the Lishin motorcycle tunnel which had higher values than the Zefun tunnel and much higher than the SPECIATE databases in the US via weighting the maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Hsieh
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Touliu, Taiwan
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115
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Wang HH, Myers T, Lach LJ, Hsieh CC, Kadin ME. Increased risk of lymphoid and nonlymphoid malignancies in patients with lymphomatoid papulosis. Cancer 1999; 86:1240-5. [PMID: 10506709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) is a rare skin disease with malignant potential. The long term outcomes of patients with this disease have not been adequately assessed. METHODS Fifty-seven patients with biopsy-proven LyP and 67 controls matched for age, gender, and race were followed prospectively from 1988 to 1996. Reported malignancies were confirmed by surgical pathology and/or autopsy reports. A search through the National Death Index through December 1995 was conducted to identify all deaths, and death certificates were procured. Expected numbers of malignancies based on SEER data were calculated for both the patient and the control groups. RESULTS Six LyP patients (10.5%) and 1 control (1.5%) reported nonlymphoid malignancies (P = 0.047). Two patients and no controls developed lymphoid malignancies (mycosis fungoides and CD30(+) cutaneous lymphoma). The expected numbers of nonlymphoid and lymphoid malignancies in the LyP patient group, based on the SEER data, were 1.93 and 0.15, respectively, yielding a relative risk (with 95% confidence interval) of 3.11 (1.26-6.47) for nonlymphoid malignancies and 13.33 (2.24-44.05) for malignant lymphomas in the LyP patients. There was no significant difference between the observed and expected numbers of malignancies in the control group. Four LyP patients died during the follow-up, three due to malignancies; and one control died of a gunshot wound to the head (suicide). The difference in overall survival between the LyP patients and the controls was not statistically significant (P = 0. 12). CONCLUSIONS Patients with LyP appear to have an increased risk of both lymphoid and nonlymphoid malignancies. The increased risk of nonlymphoid as well as lymphoid malignancies may suggest a basic underlying genetic defect leading to the development of malignancy in LyP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Wang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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116
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Abstract
Ultrasonic root-end preparation techniques have recently been introduced and revolutionized the field of endodontic surgery. However, several reports claimed that there was an increasing incidence of crack formation after ultrasonic root-end preparation. As yet, little work has focused on the root deformation during root-end preparation. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to measure the amount of root deformation during root-end preparation with the use of microhandpiece and ultrasonic systems by using strain gauge methods, and simultaneously to detect any cracks with the aid of the stereomicroscope, stain, and an image processing system. The results demonstrated the ultrasonic instrumentation produced significantly greater strain on average than that generated with the microhandpiece system. From the viewpoint of fracture, any technique that could diminish the strain on the root would decrease the likelihood of fracture; however, no crack was observed on any resected surface of roots in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Lin
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Republic of China
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117
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the nutritional etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by conducting a case-control study in Athens, Greece. Despite the high morbidity and substantial human suffering produced by BPH, little research has been undertaken concerning the nutritional etiology of this disease. METHODS The study sample consisted of 184 patients with histologically confirmed BPH and 246 control patients without clinical evidence of prostate disease. All patients and controls were permanent residents of the greater Athens area. The data were modeled through unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS Among the food groups, fruits were inversely related to BPH risk, with a logistic regression-derived odds ratio of 0.79 per quintile increase and 95% confidence interval 0.67 to 0.93. Increased consumption of both butter and margarine was positively associated with BPH risk, and a marginally significant positive association was also evident for seed oils. No overall association was found with respect to consumption of olive oil. In analyses evaluating the role of nutrients rather than foods, zinc, an element selectively concentrated in the prostate gland, was significantly positively associated with BPH risk. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence that, among added lipids, butter and margarine may increase the risk of BPH, and fruit intake may reduce this risk. Dietary zinc may play an important role in the etiology of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lagiou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Athens Medical School, Greece
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118
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Hsieh CC, Shih CS, Wu YC, Huang BS, Hsu WH, Huang MH, Wang LS. Leiomyosarcoma of the gastric cardia and fundus. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 1999; 62:418-24. [PMID: 10418174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric leiomyosarcoma is rare among gastric malignancies, and only 20% of the cases are located in the gastric cardia or fundus. It has clinical manifestations different from tumors in other sites of the stomach. We reviewed cases of leiomyosarcoma of the gastric cardia or fundus to evaluate their clinicopathologic characters and patient survival. METHODS From May, 1981, to June, 1998, a total of 15 patients who underwent curative resection of leiomyosarcoma of the gastric cardia or fundus were retrospectively identified and studied. All the clinical and pathologic data were reviewed and recorded. RESULTS There were 11 men and four women. Their mean age was 59.1 years (range, 37-73 years). Tarry stools and epigastric fullness and pain were the most common symptoms, followed by body weight loss. All 15 patients had submucosal tumors in the gastric cardia or fundus, as shown by endoscopy, barium contrast radiography and computerized tomography. The incidence of esophageal involvement by the tumors was quite low. The mean tumor size was 10 cm, ranging from 4 cm to 20 cm. Locoregional organs were involved in nine patients. The median and mean survivals were 17.8 months and 31.7 months, respectively (range, 10.1-80.1 months) after curative resection. The three-year and five-year survival rates were 53% and 22%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The definitive preoperative diagnosis of the tumor is difficult before surgery, even though imaging studies show positive findings. Surgical resection with an adequate safe margin of normal tissue is the treatment of choice. Tumor size, serosal invasion with locoregional organ involvement and high tumor grade were the prognostic factors in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Hsieh
- Department of Surgery, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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119
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Lagiou P, Signorello LB, Mantzoros CS, Trichopoulos D, Hsieh CC, Trichopoulou A. Hormonal, lifestyle, and dietary factors in relation to leptin among elderly men. Ann Nutr Metab 1999; 43:23-9. [PMID: 10364627 DOI: 10.1159/000012763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptin, the adipocyte-secreted protein product of the ob gene, has been strongly linked to obesity and is believed to play a role in the regulation of the reproductive system. This study examines the potential influence of lifestyle and dietary factors, as well as of other hormones, on serum levels of leptin. METHODS The authors studied a population of 48 healthy elderly Greek men. Sera from these men were analyzed for leptin, several steroid hormones, sex hormone-binding globulin, and insulin-like growth factor 1. The authors also utilized data from food frequency questionnaires and information on demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle (cigarette smoking, alcohol and coffee drinking) factors. RESULTS Using linear regression modeling, serum leptin levels were inversely associated with testosterone and positively associated with estradiol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, after adjustment for the other hormones and body mass index (BMI). Leptin levels in men with a BMI >30 kg/m2 were 170% higher than in men with a BMI <27 kg/m2 (95% CI 63- 346%). Height was also positively associated with leptin, independent of BMI. No notable relationships were observed between leptin, on the one hand, and smoking, alcohol drinking, coffee drinking, or total energy intake, on the other. When total energy intake was separated into its three major components (carbohydrate, fat, and protein), it appeared that fat intake may have an isocalorically differential effect on serum leptin levels; one marginal quintile increase in fat intake corresponded to an 11% increase in leptin (95% CI 0-24%). CONCLUSION Serum levels of leptin may be influenced by other endocrine factors, especially testosterone and estradiol, and may be positively associated with excess fat intake independently of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lagiou
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece
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120
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121
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Lan WC, Lan WH, Chan CP, Hsieh CC, Chang MC, Jeng JH. The effects of extracellular citric acid acidosis on the viability, cellular adhesion capacity and protein synthesis of cultured human gingival fibroblasts. Aust Dent J 1999; 44:123-30. [PMID: 10452169 DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.1999.tb00213.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Root surface demineralization is widely used as an adjunct to periodontal treatment. To clarify the influence of citric acid root conditioning on periodontal wound healing, the effects of citric acid and associated extracellular acidosis on the viability (MTT assay), attachment and protein synthesis ([3H]-proline incorporation into trichloroacetic acid-precipitated proteins) of human gingival fibroblasts (GF) were investigated. A concentration of 47.6 mmol/L of citric acid (pH 2.3) in water led to total cell death within three minutes of incubation. Media containing 23.8 mmol/L and 47.6 mmol/L of citric acid exerted strong cytotoxicity (47 to 90 per cent of cell death) and inhibited protein synthesis (IC50 = 0.28 per cent) of GF within three hours of incubation. Incubation of cells in a medium containing 11.9 mmol/L of citric acid also suppressed the attachment and spreading of fibroblasts on culture plates and Type I collagen, with 58 per cent and 22 per cent of inhibition, respectively. Culture medium supplemented with 11.9, 23.8 and 47.6 mmol/L of citric acid also led to extracellular acidosis by decreasing the pH value from 7.5 to 6.3, 5.2 and 3.8, respectively. In addition, it was confirmed that the toxic effect of media containing citric acid was due to their acidity rather than the citrate content. Most of the citric acid-induced cell death could be prevented by adjusting the pH value of the culture medium to pH 7.5. Sodium citrate, at a concentration of 47.6 mmol/L, also exerted little cytotoxicity. The results suggested that toxicity of citric acid in specific stages of the healing process must be considered prior to its clinical application. Careful management of citric acid in order to avoid contact with tissue or the development of other demineralizing agents is important in enhancing periodontal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Lan
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei
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122
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Chan CP, Jeng JH, Hsieh CC, Lin CL, Lei D, Chang MC. Morphological alterations associated with the cytotoxic and cytostatic effects of citric acid on cultured human dental pulp cells. J Endod 1999; 25:354-8. [PMID: 10530261 DOI: 10.1016/s0099-2399(06)81171-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Citric acid exerts potential harmful effects on the pulp when used for root surface demineralization, smear layer removal, and dentin etching. Using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, we found that incubation of cultured human dental pulp cells in medium containing 0.5% (pH 4.74) or 1.0% (pH 3.42) of citric acid for 2 h lead to 25% and 48% of cell death, respectively. Cytotoxicity of citric acid was associated with its acidity. Exposure of cells to pure 1% citric acid (pH 2.26) for 60 s lead to immediate cell death. Cytotoxicity was usually preceded by cell retraction, cell surface blebbing, and finally uptake of trypan blue, implicating the presence of cell membrane damage. A medium containing 0.05% citric acid can retard the growth of pulp cells. These results indicate that adequate protection of the pulp is important, especially when the remaining dentin is thin in deep carious lesions or in the presence of accessory canals on the root surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Chan
- Department of Dentistry, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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124
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Hsieh CC, Hsieh TT, Hsueh C, Kuo DM, Lo LM, Hung TH. Delivery of a severely anaemic fetus after partial molar pregnancy: clinical and ultrasonographic findings. Hum Reprod 1999; 14:1122-6. [PMID: 10221252 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/14.4.1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of a normal live fetus and a partial molar placenta is extremely rare. Although triploidy is the most frequent association, a fetus with normal karyotype can survive in cases of partial molar pregnancy. We report a case of partial molar placenta in which a live female baby was delivered at 32 weeks gestation by a 30-year-old woman. At the 18th week, ultrasonographic examination revealed a normal fetus with a huge, multicystic placenta. Chromosomal evaluation by amniocentesis revealed a normal female karyotype (46,XX), and serial biometric measurement of the fetus showed normal growth during pregnancy. There were no obstetric complications until the 32nd gestational week when preterm rupture of the membranes occurred. The electronic fetal heart beat tracing showed a repeated sinusoid pattern and late deceleration after admission. The patient underwent emergency Caesarean section and delivered a 1551-g, anaemic female baby with an Apgar score of 1, 4 and 6 at 1, 5 and 10 min, respectively. The baby recovered within 2 weeks after respiratory support and transfusion of packed red blood cells. Although anaemia is one of the risk factors that jeopardize the fetus in the case of partial molar pregnancy, termination is not indicated when the fetus is normal and no complications have occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Hsieh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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125
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors associated with placenta accreta in a large cohort study. METHODS Data for this study came from the Taiwan Down Syndrome Screening Group, an ongoing project on feasibility of serum screening in an Asian population. Women who had serum screening for Down syndrome at 14-22 weeks' gestation using alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and free beta-hCG between January 1994 and June 1997, and delivered in the same institution, were included (n = 10,672). Those who had multiple gestations (n = 200), overt diabetes (n = 11), or fetal malformations (n = 101) were excluded. If a woman was involved more than once, one randomly selected pregnancy was included in the analysis (n = 9349). Twenty-eight pregnancies were complicated by placenta accreta, diagnosed by clinical presentation (n = 26) or histologic confirmation (n = 2). Multiple logistic regression with adjustment for potentially confounding variables was used to identify independent risk factors for placenta accreta. RESULTS Women who had placenta previa (odds ratio [OR] 54.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] 17.8, 165.5) and second-trimester serum levels of AFP and free beta-hCG greater than 2.5 multiples of the median (OR 8.3; 95% CI 1.8, 39.3 and OR 3.9; 95% CI 1.5, 9.9, respectively), and were 35 years and older (OR 3.2; 95% CI 1.1, 9.4) were at increased risk of having placenta accreta. CONCLUSION Risk factors for placenta accreta include placenta previa, abnormally elevated second-trimester AFP and free beta-hCG levels, and advanced maternal age.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Hung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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126
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Jeng JH, Hsieh CC, Lan WH, Chang MC, Lin SK, Hahn LJ, Kuo MY. Cytotoxicity of sodium fluoride on human oral mucosal fibroblasts and its mechanisms. Cell Biol Toxicol 1999. [PMID: 9879930 DOI: 10.1023/a: 1007591426267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Because sodium fluoride (NaF) is widely used for prevention of dental caries, pathobiological effects of NaF were investigated on human oral mucosal fibroblasts. The results showed that NaF was cytotoxic to oral mucosal fibroblasts at concentrations of 4 mmol/L or higher. Exposure of cells to NaF for 2 h also inhibited protein synthesis, cellular ATP level and functional mitochondrial activities in a dose-dependent manner. However, incubation of cells with NaF up to 12 mmol/L for 2 h depleted only 13% of cellular glutathione level. The IC50 of NaF on cellular ATP level was about 5.75 mmol/L. Preincubation of the cells with pyruvate and succinate did not protect cells from NaF-induced ATP depletion. At concentrations of 4 mmol/L, 8 mmol/L and 12 mmol/L, NaF inhibited 31%, 56% and 57% of mitochondrial functions, respectively, after 2 h incubation. No significant inhibition for NaF was found at concentrations lower than 2 mmol/L (40 ppm). These results indicate that NaF can be toxic to oral mucosal fibroblasts in vitro by its inhibition of protein synthesis, mitochondrial function and depletion of cellular ATP. Because of repeated and long-term usage of NaF, more detailed studies should be undertaken to understand its toxic effects in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Jeng
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei
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127
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Becker PS, Nilsson SK, Li Z, Berrios VM, Dooner MS, Cooper CL, Hsieh CC, Quesenberry PJ. Adhesion receptor expression by hematopoietic cell lines and murine progenitors: modulation by cytokines and cell cycle status. Exp Hematol 1999; 27:533-41. [PMID: 10089917 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-472x(98)00037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic progenitor cells are incubated with cytokine combinations for in vitro expansion of stem cells and to enhance retrovirus-mediated gene transfer. Optimization of the engraftment of these treated cells would be critical to the success of stem cell transplantation or gene therapy. Previous studies demonstrated that a 48-hour incubation of donor BALB/c bone marrow with a mixture of four cytokines (IL-3, IL-6, IL-11, and SCF), resulted in expansion of primitive progenitor/stem cells but a loss of long-term engraftment in nonmyeloablated or myeloablated recipients. We have established the expression pattern for a number of adhesion receptors by normal hematopoietic progenitors and cell lines and the modulation in expression induced by cytokines or cell cycle progression to ascertain the molecular basis for such defective engraftment. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that the cytokine combination of IL-3, IL-6, IL-11, and SCF dramatically down-regulated alpha 4 integrin receptor expression in HL-60 cells. Synchronized FDC-P1 cells exhibited modulation of alpha 4 expression through cell cycle progression, both by quantitative RT-PCR and flow cytometry. Normal murine bone marrow lineage-depleted, Sca+ cells expressed a number of adhesion receptors, including alpha L, alpha 1, alpha 3, alpha 4, alpha 5, alpha 6, beta 1, L-selectin, CD44, and PECAM as assessed by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and RT-PCR. There was modulation of the expression of several of these receptors after incubation in the four cytokines for 24 and/or 48 hours: the proportion of cells expressing alpha L, alpha 5, alpha 6, and PECAM increased, whereas the proportion of cells expressing alpha 4 and beta 1 decreased, after cytokine incubation. There was a demonstrable concomitant decline in adhesion of these cells to fibronectin after the cytokine incubation, a finding that correlates with the decrease in expression of alpha 4. These changes in adhesion receptor expression and function with cytokines and during cell cycle transit may be critical to stem cell homing and engraftment after transplantation, as multiple receptors could be involved in the process of rolling, attachment to endothelium, endothelial transmigration, and migration within the marrow space.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Becker
- Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, USA
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128
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Abstract
A case-control study of prostate cancer (PC) was undertaken in Athens, Greece. Cases were 320 patients with histologically confirmed incident disease, whereas controls were 246 patients without history or symptomatology of benign prostatic hyperplasia, treated in the same hospitals as the cases for minor diseases or conditions. Cases and controls had similar distributions with respect to height, body mass index, sibship size and birth order in the parental family, marital status and number of offspring in the subject's own family and a long series of previous surgical operations and medical diagnoses, including diabetes mellitus, hepatitis and sexually transmitted diseases. There was also no evidence for a positive association between vertex baldness, tobacco smoking and drinking of coffee or alcoholic beverages, on the one hand, and PC, on the other. There was evidence, however, that some aspect of urban life may increase the risk for PC and a suggestion that sexual activity in early adulthood may be inversely associated with this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Hsieh
- Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, USA
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129
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Jeng JH, Hahn LJ, Lin BR, Hsieh CC, Chan CP, Chang MC. Effects of areca nut, inflorescence piper betle extracts and arecoline on cytotoxicity, total and unscheduled DNA synthesis in cultured gingival keratinocytes. J Oral Pathol Med 1999; 28:64-71. [PMID: 9950252 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1999.tb01998.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Betel quid (BQ) chewing has a strong correlation with oral leukoplakia, submucous fibrosis and oral cancer. For elucidation of its pathogenesis, we investigated the effects of areca nut (AN) and inflorescence piper betle (IPB) extracts and arecoline on the growth, total DNA synthesis (TDS) and unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) of cultured human gingival keratinocytes (GK). Arecoline and AN extract suppressed the growth of GK over 5 days of incubation in a dose-dependent fashion. At concentrations of 100, 200 and 400 microg/ml, AN extract suppressed the growth of GK by 31%, 46% and 90%, respectively. The IPB extracts exerted less inhibitory effect on the growth of GK. IPB extract (200-400 microg/ml) decreased cell numbers by 20-40% over 5 days of incubation. Moreover, at a concentration of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mM, arecoline suppressed cell growth by 44%, 77% and 96%, respectively. However, only AN extract induced TDS and UDS in cultured GK within 6 h of exposure. Induction of UDS by AN extract was concomitant with the presence of apparent intracellular vacuolization. Arecoline was also toxic to GK, but did not induce intracellular vacuolization. At a concentration range of 200-1600 microg/ml, AN extract induced TDS by 2.1- to 6.5-fold. Furthermore, at a concentration of 400-1600 microg/ml, AN extract elevated the UDS by 2.4- to 5.5-fold more than that of untreated control. On the contrary, IPB extract (200-1600 microg/ml) and arecoline (0.2-1.6 mM) inhibited the TDS and UDS of GK to a different extent. Simultaneous exposure of confluent GK to AN extract, IPB extract and arecoline for 1 to 5 days led to different degrees of cytotoxicity that was dose- and time-dependent. These results indicate that AN, IPB and arecoline take part in the pathogenesis of BQ chewing-related oral mucosal lesions, possibly through both genotoxic and non-genotoxic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Jeng
- Laboratory of Dental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University
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130
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Abstract
Thrombin is activated during vascular injury and inflammation of the dental pulp. In the present study, we found that thrombin can stimulate the proliferation of pulp cells in a dose-dependent manner as analyzed by modified MTT assay. The cell number increased by 1.6, 1.77, and 2.14-fold over that of control after exposure to 5, 10, and 20 units/ml of thrombin for 5 days. Flow cytometry studies also found that thrombin (10 units/ml) can induce the cell cycle progression of pulp cells after 24 h of incubation, as revealed by increasing the proportion of cells in the S phase and the G2/M phase from 29 to 72%. Moreover, exposure to thrombin (> 5 units/ml) for 3 days led to marked clustering of pulp cells. We concluded that thrombin can regulate the growth, cell cycle progression, and functional reorganization of the pulp tissue during pulp healing and inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Chang
- Chang-Gung Institute of Nursing, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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131
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several studies have found an inverse association between older age at last birth and endometrial cancer risk. A nested case-control study was undertaken to examine the influence of this and other aspects of reproductive patterns on the risk of developing endometrial cancer. METHODS Among women born in 1925 and later, 4,839 eligible patients were identified in the Swedish Cancer Register. For each case, five individually age-matched controls were randomly selected from a population-based Fertility Register. Relative risks were estimated from odds ratios obtained from conditional logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Compared to uniparous women, childless women were at a higher risk of endometrial cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.25-1.52). This association was stronger in younger (< 50 years) than in older (50+ years) women. At all ages of first birth, a delivery was associated with a reduced risk of endometrial cancer that slowly diminished with time. Among parous women, the risk decreased by almost 20% for each additional live birth (OR = 0.81, CI = 0.78-0.84). In an analysis limited to women with two or more births that compared the independent effects of age at first and at last birth, only older age at last birth was associated with a lowered risk of endometrial cancer. The risk decreased at a rate of about 15% per five-year delay of last birth. CONCLUSIONS Endometrial cancer is often referred to as the prototype hormonally-determined disease in women. However, our findings give further support to the hypothesis that a birth may not only affect risk through hormonal influences, but possibly also through mechanical shedding of cells that have undergone malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lambe
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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132
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Lipworth L, Hsieh CC, Wide L, Ekbom A, Yu SZ, Yu GP, Xu B, Hellerstein S, Carlstrom K, Trichopoulos D, Adami HO. Maternal pregnancy hormone levels in an area with a high incidence (Boston, USA) and in an area with a low incidence (Shanghai, China) of breast cancer. Br J Cancer 1999; 79:7-12. [PMID: 10408685 PMCID: PMC2362176 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6690003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Characteristics probably associated with the fetal hormonal milieu have recently been shown to increase (birth size indicators, prematurity, neonatal jaundice) or decrease (pregnancy toxaemia) breast cancer risk in the female offspring. However, it is unknown whether differences in pregnancy hormone levels may contribute to the marked geographical variation in breast cancer incidence. We have compared, in a highly standardized manner, pregnancy hormone levels in a population with high incidence and one with low incidence of breast cancer. Three hundred and four pregnant Caucasian women in Boston and 334 pregnant Chinese women in Shanghai were enrolled from March 1994 to October 1995. Levels of oestradiol, oestriol, prolactin, progesterone, human growth hormone, albumin and sex hormone-binding globulin were measured in maternal blood at weeks 16 and 27 of gestation and compared between the two study sites using non-parametric Wilcoxon's rank-sum test. Demographical, anthropometrical and pregnancy characteristics were ascertained through interview, and relevant variables concerning delivery and the newborn were abstracted from medical records and paediatric charts. During the first visit, median serum levels of all studied hormones were statistically significant, and in most instances substantially, higher among Chinese women, who have a low incidence of breast cancer, compared with American women, who have a high incidence of breast cancer. An analogous pattern was evident during the second visit, although the relative differences tended to be smaller. Further research is needed to identify lifestyle or other exogenous determinants of pregnancy hormone levels, as well as possible mechanisms by which they may influence carcinogenic processes in the breast and possibly other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lipworth
- Department of Epidemiology and Center for Cancer Prevention, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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133
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Jeng JH, Hsieh CC, Lan WH, Chang MC, Lin SK, Hahn LJ, Kuo MY. Cytotoxicity of sodium fluoride on human oral mucosal fibroblasts and its mechanisms. Cell Biol Toxicol 1998; 14:383-9. [PMID: 9879930 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007591426267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Because sodium fluoride (NaF) is widely used for prevention of dental caries, pathobiological effects of NaF were investigated on human oral mucosal fibroblasts. The results showed that NaF was cytotoxic to oral mucosal fibroblasts at concentrations of 4 mmol/L or higher. Exposure of cells to NaF for 2 h also inhibited protein synthesis, cellular ATP level and functional mitochondrial activities in a dose-dependent manner. However, incubation of cells with NaF up to 12 mmol/L for 2 h depleted only 13% of cellular glutathione level. The IC50 of NaF on cellular ATP level was about 5.75 mmol/L. Preincubation of the cells with pyruvate and succinate did not protect cells from NaF-induced ATP depletion. At concentrations of 4 mmol/L, 8 mmol/L and 12 mmol/L, NaF inhibited 31%, 56% and 57% of mitochondrial functions, respectively, after 2 h incubation. No significant inhibition for NaF was found at concentrations lower than 2 mmol/L (40 ppm). These results indicate that NaF can be toxic to oral mucosal fibroblasts in vitro by its inhibition of protein synthesis, mitochondrial function and depletion of cellular ATP. Because of repeated and long-term usage of NaF, more detailed studies should be undertaken to understand its toxic effects in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Jeng
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei
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134
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Chen SK, Yu KM, Chen RS, Hsieh CC. Implementation of an oral and maxillofacial radiology image management and communication system. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1998; 27:358-62. [PMID: 10895635 DOI: 10.1038/sj/dmfr/4600380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To implement an oral and maxillofacial radiology image management and communication system (OMFR IMACS) in the School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University. METHODS An OMFR IMACS has been implemented over 3 years in three phases: (1) Establishment of an OMFR image processing laboratory for research and graduate student training; (2) Installation of network infrastructure and (3) Total system integration. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Intraoral, panoramic, cephalometric, and TMJ radiographs are directly processed with digital image acquisition devices or are converted into a digital format for viewing via UTP cable through FastEthernet in the eleven different divisions of the school. The system archives about 400 Mb of imaging data daily, representing 80% of the workload of the OMFR Division. The system is now used parallel to the conventional film-library system and has been integrated as part of the oral health service.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Chen
- Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipli
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135
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Chang MC, Lin CP, Huang TF, Lan WH, Lin YL, Hsieh CC, Jeng JH. Thrombin-induced DNA synthesis of cultured human dental pulp cells is dependent on its proteolytic activity and modulated by prostaglandin E2. J Endod 1998; 24:709-13. [PMID: 9855818 DOI: 10.1016/s0099-2399(98)80158-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the roles of alpha-thrombin and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the healing and inflammatory processes of dental pulp, their effects on the DNA synthesis of human pulp cells were investigated by measurement of [3H]thymidine incorporation. At a concentration range of 1 to 25 units/ml, alpha-thrombin stimulated DNA synthesis of the pulp cells by 1.5 to 2.6-fold. On the contrary, PGE2 (> 0.05 microgram/ml) suppressed DNA synthesis by 24 to 39%. Using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, thrombin receptor mRNA expression was identified in the pulp cells. Furthermore, alpha-thrombin-induced DNA synthesis could be inhibited by antithrombin III (2 units/ml) with heparin (2 units/ml) or D-Phe-Pro-ArgCH2Cl (50 micrograms/ml). PGE2 (0.1 to 0.5 microgram/ml) also inhibited the thrombin-induced DNA synthesis by 39 to 64%. These results imply that pulp cells express the thrombin receptor that is activated by the serine protease activity of thrombin. Interactions of thrombin and PGE2 are important in modulating the inflammatory and healing processes of the pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Chang
- Chang-Gung Institute of Nursing, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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136
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Chan CP, Lin CP, Chang MC, Hsieh CC, Hsu CC, Lin CL, Jeng JH. Effects of thrombin on the growth, protein synthesis, attachment, clustering and alkaline phosphatase activity of cultured human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Proc Natl Sci Counc Repub China B 1998; 22:137-43. [PMID: 9850596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that thrombin can activate pulp cells, including fibroblasts. Because pulp cells and periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts can express thrombin receptor mRNA, the specific aim of this study was to determine whether thrombin can activate the growth, attachment, protein synthesis, alkaline phosphatase activities and cellular clustering of cultured human PDL fibroblasts. Thrombin can stimulate the growth of PDL fibroblasts in a dose dependent manner (as analyzed by MTT assay). At concentrations of 5 and 10 U/ml, thrombin increased the cell numbers to 141% and 153% greater than that of the control after 5 days of incubation, respectively. Thrombin (5-20 U/ml) also stimulated the protein synthesis rate (assayed by [3H]proline incorporation) to 1.88-2.13 fold that of the control. However, pretreatment of PDL fibroblasts with thrombin (1-20 U/ml) could not promote the attachment of PDL fibroblasts to type I collagen and fibronectin. Moreover, thrombin could induce clustering of PDL fibroblasts within a concentration range of 5-20 U/ml. However, thrombin (1-20 U/ml) exerted neither stimulatory nor inhibitory effect on cellular alkaline phosphatase activities. In conclusion, it appears that the presence of thrombin seems to have effects on PDL fibroblasts in terms of cell growth, protein synthesis and cell clustering. This suggests that thrombin might be important in the early healing process of periodontium following periodontal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Chan
- Department of Dentistry, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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137
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Chang MC, Kuo MY, Hahn LJ, Hsieh CC, Lin SK, Jeng JH. Areca nut extract inhibits the growth, attachment, and matrix protein synthesis of cultured human gingival fibroblasts. J Periodontol 1998; 69:1092-7. [PMID: 9802706 DOI: 10.1902/jop.1998.69.10.1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Betel quid chewing is a popular oral habit in India, South Africa, and many Southeast Asian countries. The effects of areca nut (AN) extract on the growth, attachment, and protein synthesis of healthy human gingival fibroblasts (GF) were investigated to determine why betel quid (BQ) chewers have higher prevalence of periodontal disease than non-chewers. Twenty-four hour exposure of human GF to AN extract (> 200 microg/ml) in culture led to the formation of numerous intracellular vacuoles. As analyzed by modified MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide] assay, AN extract significantly suppressed the growth of GF over 5 days of incubation in a dose-dependent manner. At concentrations of 50 and 300 microg/ml, AN extract suppressed the growth of GF with 30% and 57% (P < 0.05), respectively. AN extract also significantly suppressed the synthesis of [3H]proline incorporation into trichloroacetic acid (TCA) precipitated proteins. At concentrations of 200, 400, and 600 microg/ml, AN extract suppressed the protein synthesis with 33%, 58%, and 63% of inhibition (P < 0.05), respectively. Preincubation of cells in a medium containing AN extract for 2 hours inhibits the subsequent attachment of cultured GF to type I collagen at the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) which is about 720 to 798 microg/ml. Considering the frequent consumption of BQ throughout the day, impairment of sequential fibroblast functions by BQ ingredients is a potential mechanism through which BQ chewing exert a deleterious effect to the gingival tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Chang
- Team of Biomedical Science, Chang-Gung Institute of Nursing, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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138
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Hsieh CC, Chow KC, Fahn HJ, Tsai CM, Li WY, Huang MH, Wang LS. Prognostic significance of HER-2/neu overexpression in stage I adenocarcinoma of lung. Ann Thorac Surg 1998; 66:1159-63; discussion 1163-4. [PMID: 9800799 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4975(98)00792-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even with early diagnosis and adequate resection, the 5-year survival rate for stage I lung cancer patients is around 60% to 70%. Overexpression of HER-2/neu protein is associated with poor prognosis in lung cancers. In this study, we evaluated the expression of HER-2/neu in cancer cells of lung and assessed their clinicopathologic and prognostic significance. METHODS From 1986 to 1995, clinical data on 42 consecutive patients who underwent complete surgical resection for stage I lung adenocarcinoma were collected. Expression of HER-2/neu in paraffin-embedded tumor samples was determined by immunohistochemistry and scored with a semiquantitative method. RESULTS Twenty-one of 42 patients were positive for HER-2/neu overexpression in tumor. Compared with patients with low HER-2/neu expression, patients with HER-2/neu overexpression had a significantly higher incidence of early tumor recurrence (p = 0.014). Survival was also significantly better in patients without HER-2/neu overexpression than in those with HER-2/neu overexpression (p = 0.0047). By univariate analysis, HER-2/neu overexpression and poor cell differentiation are two important factors correlated with poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Expression of HER-2/neu oncoprotein in stage I lung adenocarcinoma can predict the tumor's aggressiveness. Early tumor recurrence was frequently detected in patients with HER-2/neu overexpression. We recommend an individualized therapeutic strategy based on the level of HER-2/neu oncoprotein in the tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Hsieh
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, and National Yang Ming University, Taiwan, Republic of China
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139
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Abstract
This study examines the relationship between a series of epidemiologic parameters (age, height, body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol consumption, and coffee drinking) and serum concentrations of testosterone, estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS). Among 52 healthy, elderly Greek men, we observed that serum levels of DHEAS decreased with increasing age [19% decline per 5-year increase in age, 95% CI, -2.1-(-33.5)], obesity [48% decline for BMI >30 kg/m2 compared to <27 kg/m2, CI, -15.7-(-68.7)], and current smoking [37% decline compared to nonsmokers, CI, -9.5-(-57.2)]. Estradiol concentrations increased with increasing BMI [77.1% increase for BMI >30 kg/m2 compared to <27 kg/m2, CI, -12.0-256.3], alcohol drinking [66% increase for > or = 7 glasses/week compared to <7 glasses/week, CI, 4.4-164.4], and coffee drinking [59% increase for > or = 14 cups/week compared to > or = 14 cups/ week, CI, -0.5-155.9], and decreased among current smokers [40% decline compared to nonsmokers, CI, -64.9-0.8]. SHBG was marginally positively associated with increasing age [13% increase per 5 years, CI, -0.5-29.6]. Testosterone was significantly related only to current smoking [27% decline compared to nonsmokers, CI, -45.4-(-3.1)]. These findings suggest that several variables appear to be associated with sex steroid levels and the influence of these findings on the occurrence of hormone-related conditions warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Hsieh
- Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, USA
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140
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Lambe M, Hsieh CC, Tsaih SW, Adami J, Glimelius B, Adami HO. Childbearing and the risk of Hodgkin's disease. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1998; 7:831-4. [PMID: 9752994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The causes of Hodgkin's disease remain incompletely known, but a higher incidence in men than in women has prompted an interest in the role of female sex hormones and reproductive history. Available epidemiological data are, however, contradictory. We analyzed possible associations between parity, age at first birth, and the risk of developing Hodgkin's disease by a linkage between the Swedish Cancer Register and a nationwide Fertility Register. Among women born between 1925 and 1972, 917 cases with Hodgkin's disease and concomitant fertility information were identified. For each case patient, five age-matched controls were randomly selected among women in the Fertility Register. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios of Hodgkin's disease associated with a birth. We found a slightly and nonsignificantly reduced risk of Hodgkin's disease in ever-parous compared with nulliparous women. Among parous women, the number of children was unrelated to risk, whereas there was some evidence of an increased risk with late age at first birth in women under age 45 at diagnosis. No clear temporal relations between childbearing and subsequent risk were discernible in any parity or age group. Although uncontrolled confounding might have affected our results, they do not indicate that hormonal or immunological changes associated with childbearing play a role in the development of Hodgkin's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lambe
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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141
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Abstract
Epidemiological studies of in situ breast cancer are sparse, and the role of reproductive history, an established risk modifier for invasive breast cancer, remains incompletely investigated. To examine possible associations with parity and age at first birth, we undertook a case-control study nested in a nationwide cohort of Swedish women. The reproductive history of 1,368 women aged 65 or younger with a diagnosis of carcinoma in situ of the breast were compared with that of 6,837 age-matched controls drawn randomly from a population-based Fertility Registry. Statistical analyses were performed by conditional logistic regression. Compared to nulliparous women, ever-parous women were at a reduced risk of carcinoma in situ of the breast. The risk decreased with number of live births, with the estimated risk reduction in the highest parity group (5+), being of the same magnitude as that reported for invasive breast cancer. By contrast, a positive association with increasing age at first birth was somewhat less pronounced than that observed previously in the same data set with respect to invasive breast cancer. Our findings indicate that parity affects the risk of invasive breast cancer and carcinoma in situ similarly, whereas the effect of age at first birth appears to be weaker for the risk of carcinoma in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lambe
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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142
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Habibian HK, Peters SO, Hsieh CC, Wuu J, Vergilis K, Grimaldi CI, Reilly J, Carlson JE, Frimberger AE, Stewart FM, Quesenberry PJ. The fluctuating phenotype of the lymphohematopoietic stem cell with cell cycle transit. J Exp Med 1998; 188:393-8. [PMID: 9670051 PMCID: PMC2212441 DOI: 10.1084/jem.188.2.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/1998] [Revised: 05/06/1998] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The most primitive engrafting hematopoietic stem cell has been assumed to have a fixed phenotype, with changes in engraftment and renewal potential occurring in a stepwise irreversible fashion linked with differentiation. Recent work shows that in vitro cytokine stimulation of murine marrow cells induces cell cycle transit of primitive stem cells, taking 40 h for progression from G0 to mitosis and 12 h for subsequent doublings. At 48 h of culture, progenitors are expanded, but stem cell engraftment is markedly diminished. We have investigated whether this effect on engraftment was an irreversible step or a reversible plastic feature correlated with cell cycle progression. Long-term engraftment (2 and 6 mo) of male BALB/c marrow cells exposed in vitro to interleukin (IL)-3, IL-6, IL-11, and steel factor was assessed at 2-4-h intervals of culture over 24-48 h using irradiated female hosts; the engraftment phenotype showed marked fluctuations over 2-4-h intervals, with engraftment nadirs occurring in late S and early G2. These data show that early stem cell regulation is cell cycle based, and have critical implications for strategies for stem cell expansion and engraftment or gene therapy, since position in cell cycle will determine whether effective engraftment occurs in either setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Habibian
- Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
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143
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Abstract
Smoking is the only generally accepted risk factor for pancreatic cancer. Reproductive history has in recent studies been associated with pancreatic cancer, but with contradictory results. In order to evaluate a possible association between age at first birth and the number of births and pancreatic cancer, we conducted a nested case-control study by linking 2 Swedish nationwide registries: the Cancer Registry and The Fertility Registry. Among women born between 1925 and 1970, 1,015 patients with pancreatic cancer were compared with 5,073 age-matched controls. No association between pancreatic cancer and number of births was found. Age at first birth was inversely related with the risk of pancreatic cancer (OR per 5 years = 0.90; 95% CI 0.83-0.97; p = 0.01), an association mainly confined to women with a diagnosis of pancreatic cancer before 50 years of age (OR per 5 years = 0.85; 95% CI 0.73-1.00; p = 0.04). This trend remained after adjustment for parity, but was less prominent. Young age at first birth and high parity in Sweden are, however, associated with an increased frequency of smoking, thus at least some of the increased risk for pancreatic cancer in women with young age at first birth is likely to be explained by smoking acting as a confounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Karlson
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
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144
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Kuo DM, Chuang CK, Hsieh CC, Liou JD, Chen KC, Hsieh TT. Labial fusion in a thirty-year-old woman. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1998; 77:697-8. [PMID: 9688253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D M Kuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung College of Medicine and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
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145
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Rabek JP, Scott S, Hsieh CC, Reisner PD, Papaconstantinou J. Regulation of LPS-mediated induction of C/EBP delta gene expression in livers of young and aged mice. Biochim Biophys Acta 1998; 1398:137-47. [PMID: 9689913 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(98)00038-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The C/EBP family of transcription factors plays a major role in the regulation of families of stress response genes, in particular, the acute phase response genes. We have examined expression of the C/EBP delta gene during the bacterial lipopolysaccharide mediated induction of the acute phase response in livers of young (4 months) and aged (24-28 months) male C57B1/6 mice by Northern, Western, and Southwestern analyses. C/EBP delta mRNA is present at a low constitutive level, is induced by lipopolysaccharide, and reaches the same induced level in young and aged mice. Aged mice, however, show a higher constitutive, uninduced mRNA pool level and a delay in recovery to uninduced levels after lipopolysaccharide treatment. C/EBP delta mRNA is observable 30 min after lipopolysaccharide in total RNA, cytoplasmic and polysomal fractions. Specific full length 28-kDa nascent peptides are detectable in polysomes 90 min after lipopolysaccharide. mRNA and nascent peptides cosediment with large polysomes and C/EBP delta mRNA is shifted to larger polysomes in lipopolysaccharide treated aged mice, consistent with an increased rate of initiation. Specific DNA-binding activity of C/EBP delta protein in nuclear extracts was examined by electromobility shift and antibody supershift assay. The levels of C/EBP delta binding-activity, are consistent with the changes in mRNA levels in young lipopolysaccharide treated livers. These studies support our hypothesis that aged mice exhibit a state of chronic inflammation or stress in the absence of a stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Rabek
- Department of Human Biological Chemistry and Genetics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-0643, USA
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146
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Hsieh CC, Xiong W, Xie Q, Rabek JP, Scott SG, An MR, Reisner PD, Kuninger DT, Papaconstantinou J. Effects of age on the posttranscriptional regulation of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta isoform synthesis in control and LPS-treated livers. Mol Biol Cell 1998; 9:1479-94. [PMID: 9614188 PMCID: PMC25372 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.9.6.1479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPbeta) mRNAs are templates for the differential translation of several isoforms. Immunoblotting detects C/EBPalphas with molecular masses of 42, 38, 30, and 20 kDa and C/EBPbetas of 35, 20, and approximately 8.5 kDa. The DNA-binding activities and pool levels of p42(C/EBPalpha) and p30(C/EBPalpha) in control nuclear extracts decrease significantly whereas the binding activity and protein levels of the 20-kDa isoforms increase dramatically with LPS treatment. Our studies suggest that the LPS response involves alternative translational initiation at specific in-frame AUGs, producing specific C/EBPalpha and C/EBPbeta isoform patterns. We propose that alternative translational initiation occurs by a leaky ribosomal scanning mechanism. We find that nuclear extracts from normal aged mouse livers have decreased p42(C/EBPalpha) levels and binding activity, whereas those of p20(C/EBPalpha) and p20(C/EBPbeta) are increased. However, translation of 42-kDa C/EBPalpha is not down-regulated on polysomes, suggesting that aging may affect its nuclear translocation. Furthermore, recovery of the C/EBPalpha- and C/EBPbeta-binding activities and pool levels from an LPS challenge is delayed significantly in aged mouse livers. Thus, aged livers have altered steady-state levels of C/EBPalpha and C/EBPbeta isoforms. This result suggests that normal aging liver exhibits characteristics of chronic stress and a severe inability to recover from an inflammatory challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Hsieh
- Department of Human Biological Chemistry and Genetics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77551, USA
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147
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Hsieh MT, Wu CR, Hsieh CC. Ameliorating effect of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol on cycloheximide-induced impairment of passive avoidance response in rats: interactions with compounds acting at 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 receptors. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1998; 60:337-43. [PMID: 9632215 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-3057(97)00591-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (HBA) on cycloheximide (CXM)-induced impairment in the step-through passive avoidance task was investigated in rats and compared to the effect of the nootropic piracetam. HBA and piracetam significantly counteracted the CXM-induced shortening of retention latencies. The effect of HBA was a bell-shaped dose-response curve with a maximal effect of 5 mg/kg. The counteractive effect of HBA was not depressed by either scopolamine or mecamylamine. The serotonin (5-HT) releaser, p-chloroamphetamine, and presursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan, significantly antagonized the counteractive effect of HBA on the CXM-induced shortening of retention latencies. Furthermore, the counteractive effect was also inhibited by the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) and the 5-HT2 receptor agonist 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2 aminopropane [(+/-)-DOI], but potentiated by the 5-HT1 receptor antagonist (+/-)-pindolol and the 5-HT2 receptor antagonist ritanserin. There results suggest that the beneficial effect of HBA on CXM-induced impairment is amplified by treatment with serotonergic receptor antagonists but reduced by serotonergic 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 receptor agonists, and insensitive to cholinergic manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Hsieh
- Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical College, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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148
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Hsieh CC, Lambe M, Lan SJ. Modeling temporal aspects of an exposure. Epidemiology 1998; 9:360-1; author reply 362-3. [PMID: 9583435 DOI: 10.1097/00001648-199805000-00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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149
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Sahi T, Paffenbarger RS, Hsieh CC, Lee IM. Body mass index, cigarette smoking, and other characteristics as predictors of self-reported, physician-diagnosed gallbladder disease in male college alumni. Am J Epidemiol 1998; 147:644-51. [PMID: 9554603 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of gallbladder disease in industrialized countries, little is known about the predictors of the disease, especially in men. The authors prospectively studied 16,785 alumni of Harvard University, aged 15-24 years, who were followed for up to 61 years. The health characteristics of these men were ascertained from their college entrance physical examination done in 1916-1950, and updated via mailed questionnaires in 1962 or 1966 (1962/1966). Alumni subsequently self-reported physician-diagnosed gallbladder disease on further mailed questionnaires in 1972 or 1977. Between college time and 1962/1966, 371 gallbladder disease cases occurred. An additional 314 cases occurred after 1962/1966. With respect to college characteristics, after adjustment for potential confounders, the authors found that body mass index (BMI), smoking, physical activity, blood pressure, and consumption of alcohol, coffee, or tea were unrelated to risk. However, BMI in 1962/1966 was directly related to risk of subsequent gallbladder disease, as was BMI gain since college (p, trend = 0.002 and 0.013, respectively). Compared with men with BMI < 22.0, men with BMI > or = 27.0 had a rate ratio of 2.71 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.57-4.66) for risk of contracting the disease. Men who gained > or = 6.0 BMI units since college had a rate ratio of 1.46 (95% CI 0.86-2.46) compared with men who gained -0.9 to +0.9 BMI units. Compared with never smokers, men who smoked pipes or cigars or < 1 pack of cigarettes daily in 1962/1966 had a rate ratio of 1.43 (95% CI 1.00-2.06), while heavier cigarette smokers had a rate ratio of 1.52 (95% CI 1.03-2.24). Neither physical activity nor physician-diagnosed hypertension or diabetes mellitus in 1962/1966 predicted risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sahi
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
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150
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Yiangou M, Paraskeva E, Hsieh CC, Markou E, Victoratos P, Scouras Z, Papaconstantinou J. Induction of a subgroup of acute phase protein genes in mouse liver by hyperthermia. Biochim Biophys Acta 1998; 1396:191-206. [PMID: 9540835 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(97)00188-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated that two members of the acute phase reactant family of positively regulated genes, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP-1 and AGP-2) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are induced by hyperthermia, while two others, the serum amyloid A (SAA) and alpha 1-antitrypsin (AT) genes, are not. Albumin (ALB), a negative acute phase reactant gene, is also induced by hyperthermia. The AGP-1, AGP-2, and CRP genes require glucocorticoids, but not IL-6, IL-1 beta or TNF alpha in response to hyperthermia. As with LPS, the C/EBP beta mRNA levels increased, while the C/EBP alpha mRNA levels decreased in response to LPS. In contrast to the LPS response, C/EBP delta was unchanged. Protein pool levels and DNA-binding activities of the 35 and 20 kDa C/EBP beta isoforms increase, whereas protein pool levels of the 42 kDa C/EBP alpha decrease and the 30kDa remained high. These studies suggest that the synthesis of specific C/EBP alpha and C/EBP beta isoforms is induced by hyperthermia, and that the regulation of the AGP-1 and AGP-2 genes during heat stress may involve one of these isoforms. The difference between the responses to hyperthermia and LPS is that the former, may not involve the participation of cytokines. Furthermore, since cis-acting heat shock elements (HSE) are located in the promoter regions of the ALB, CRP, and C/EBP beta genes, these regulatory sequences may be involved in the in vivo activation of these genes by hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yiangou
- Biology Department, School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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