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Lennon A, McDonald K, Moon S, Ward P, Kenny T. Performance of cold-set binding agents in re-formed beef steaks. Meat Sci 2010; 85:620-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Revised: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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102
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McDonald K, Little J, Pearcy M, Adam C. Development of a multi-scale finite element model of the osteoporotic lumbar vertebral body for the investigation of apparent level vertebra mechanics and micro-level trabecular mechanics. Med Eng Phys 2010; 32:653-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2010.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Revised: 04/03/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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103
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Ryan MB, Valiant GA, McDonald K, Taunton JE. The effect of three different levels of footwear stability on pain outcomes in women runners: a randomised control trial. Br J Sports Med 2010; 45:715-21. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2009.069849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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104
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Zemble R, Luning Prak E, McDonald K, McDonald-McGinn D, Zackai E, Sullivan K. Secondary immunologic consequences in chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (DiGeorge syndrome/velocardiofacial syndrome). Clin Immunol 2010; 136:409-18. [PMID: 20472505 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2010.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Revised: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Clinical evidence suggests that patients with Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion (Ch22q11.2D) have an increased prevalence of atopic and autoimmune disease and this has been without explanation. We hypothesized that the increase in atopy was due to homeostatic proliferation of T cells leading to a Th2 skew. We performed intracellular cytokine staining to define Th1/Th2 phenotypes in toddlers (early homeostatic proliferation) and adults (post homeostatic proliferation) with this syndrome. To attempt to understand the predisposition to autoimmunity we performed immunophenotyping analyses to define Th17 cells and B cell subsets. Adult Ch22q11.2D patients had a higher percentage of IL-4+CD4+ T cells than controls. Th17 cells were no different in patients and controls. In addition, adult Ch22q11.2D syndrome patients had significantly lower switched memory B cells, suggesting a dysregulated B cell compartment. These studies demonstrate that the decrement in T cell production has secondary consequences in the immune system, which could mold the patients' clinical picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zemble
- The Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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105
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Andrews M, Leroi I, McDonald K, Elliott R, Byrne J, Burns A. P1.022 Cognitive dysfunction in apathy and impulsivity in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(09)70144-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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106
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Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Research has highlighted a high frequency of skeletal asymmetries in horses. In addition, research into hoof asymmetries has shown that within a bilateral pair, the hoof with the smaller angle is often subjected to greater loading. There has been limited attention paid to understanding compensatory mechanisms for skeletal asymmetries in the horse; the dynamic structure of the hoof could potentially be acting in a compensatory capacity. OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between morphometry of forelimb segments and hoof spread and their incidence of asymmetry. METHODS Ten bilateral measurements of the hoof and forelimb were taken from 34 leisure horses. The relationship between hoof spread and forelimb segment measurements were analysed using a generalised linear model (GLM). RESULTS In relation to left hoof spread, the GLM identified significant negative relationships with left side measurements (third metacarpal length, elbow height), and significant positive relationships with right side measurements (fetlock height, third metacarpal length, elbow height). In relation to right hoof spread, the GLM identified significant negative relationship with left elbow height, and significant positive relationships with right side measurements (fetlock height, point of shoulder). The difference between the number of horses larger to the left or to the right was found to be significant for point of shoulder height (chi2 = 4.8, P < 0.05), and highly significant for heel height (chi2 = 953, P < 0.01) and the third metacarpal length (chi2 = 7.26, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The study demonstrated considerable asymmetry in left-right morphometry of the equine limb. The fact that measurements of hoof spread were significantly associated with limb segment measurements could possibly indicate that an interaction exists. Any asymmetry in hoof spread measurements may suggest unequal loading of the limbs, which in turn may contribute to injuries and reduced performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Wilson
- Hartpury College, University of the West of England, Gloucestershire GL19 3BE, UK
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107
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Phelan D, Smyth L, Ryder M, Murphy N, O’Loughlin C, Conlon C, Ledwidge M, McDonald K. Can we reduce preventable heart failure readmissions in patients enrolled in a Disease Management Programme? Ir J Med Sci 2009; 178:167-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s11845-009-0332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2007] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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108
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Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is implicated in vascular complications through endothelial dysfunction. However, the effect of in vivo infections on vascular function in isolated arteries has not been examined. In pregnancy, systemic and uterine vascular adaptations accommodate increased blood volume through several mechanisms, including decreased sensitivity to vasoconstrictors and increased production of endothelial-dependent vasodilators. We hypothesized that an active in vivo CMV infection would reduce vasodilation of isolated arteries to the endothelial-dependent vasodilator methacholine and increase vasoconstriction to the α1-adrenergic receptor agonist phenylephrine and that these CMV-induced changes would be accentuated in late pregnancy. A mouse CMV infection model was used to study vascular responses in isolated mesenteric and uterine arteries from nonpregnant and late pregnant mice. In the mouse, CMV is not transmitted to the fetus. Accordingly, there was no evidence of active infection in any fetus examined, even though an active infection was found in salivary glands, uterine and mesenteric arteries, and placentas. Contrary to our hypothesis, increased endothelial-dependent vasodilation was found in mesenteric arteries from infected compared with uninfected nonpregnant and pregnant mice These data implicate active CMV infections in hypotensive disorders. Similarly, increased vasodilation was found in uterine arteries from infected vs. uninfected nonpregnant mice. However, this was completely reversed in infected compared with uninfected late pregnant mice in which vasodilation in uterine arteries was significantly reduced. Uterine arteries from infected pregnant mice also showed increased vasoconstriction to phenylephrine. Maternal infection led to decreased placental weights but had no effect on fetal weights in late pregnancy. These novel data demonstrate abnormal systemic and uterine vascular responses during an active CMV infection in both nonpregnant and late pregnant mice. Importantly, despite reduced placental weights, fetal weights were maintained, suggesting effective intrauterine compensation in the mouse model.
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109
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Atwood K, Reimer K, McCrea P, Fisk B, McDonald K, Smith R, Mercer R, DesMeules M, Luo W, Dressier" M, Gibbons L. Lifestyle and environmental risk factors associated with progression of diabetes in british columbia, canada. Can J Diabetes 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1499-2671(09)33309-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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110
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Fowler A, Cook R, Biggs M, Little N, Assaad N, McDonald K. Survival of patients following neurosurgical treatment of colorectal adenocarcinoma metastasis in the Northern Sydney–Central Coast area. J Clin Neurosci 2008; 15:998-1004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2007.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2007] [Revised: 12/05/2007] [Accepted: 12/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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111
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Mak G, Ryder M, Murphy NF, O’Loughlin C, McCaffrey D, Ledwidge M, McDonald K. Diagnosis of new onset heart failure in the community: the importance of a shared-care approach and judicious use of BNP. Ir J Med Sci 2008; 177:197-203. [DOI: 10.1007/s11845-008-0186-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2008] [Accepted: 06/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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112
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Karuppiah S, Graham F, Ledwidge M, Conlon C, Cahill J, O'Loughlin C, McManus J, McDonald K. Elevated BNP with normal systolic function in asymptomatic individuals at-risk for heart failure: a marker of diastolic dysfunction and clinical risk. Ir J Med Sci 2006; 175:5-13. [PMID: 17312822 DOI: 10.1007/bf03167960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is widely accepted in the evaluation of left ventricular systolic dysfunction and heart failure. However, little is known of the implications of elevated BNP levels in individuals with preserved systolic function (PSF). AIMS To investigate the drivers and clinical implications of elevated BNP levels in asymptomatic individuals with established PSF. METHODS We enrolled 154 individuals who all underwent physical examination, BNP evaluation and Doppler-echocardiographic studies. They were divided into those above and below the median BNP level (50 pg/ml). RESULTS Independent predictors of higher BNP were older age, more severe left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), reduced E/A ratio and ischaemic heart disease. Survival and multivariable analysis demonstrated more death and/or admission in those above the median BNP (HR: 4.79, p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS Elevated BNP is the strongest, independent predictor of serious adverse cardiovascular outcomes in this population and requires closer clinical follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Karuppiah
- Heart Failure Unit, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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113
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Hannenhalli SS, Middleton RP, Levy S, Perroud B, Holzwarth JA, McDonald K, Hannah SS. Identification and cross-species comparison of canine osteoarthritic gene regulatory cis-elements. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2006; 14:830-8. [PMID: 16580849 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2006.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2005] [Accepted: 02/09/2006] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To better understand transcription regulation of osteoarthritis (OA) by examining common promoter motifs in canine osteoarthritic genes, to identify other genes containing these motifs and to assess the conservation of these motifs between canine, human, mouse and rat. DESIGN Differentially expressed transcripts in canine OA were mapped to the human genome. We thus identified 20 orthologous human transcripts representing 19 up-regulated genes and 62 orthologous transcripts representing 60 down-regulated genes. The 5 kbp upstream regions of these transcripts were used to identify binding sites and build promoter models based on those sites. The human genome was subsequently searched for other transcripts likely to be regulated by the same promoter models. Orthologous transcripts were then identified in canine, rat and mouse for determination of potential cross-species conservation of binding sites comprising the promoter model. RESULTS Four promoter models containing 5-6 transcripts and 5-8 common transcription factor binding sites were developed. They include binding sites for AP-4, AP-2alpha and gamma, and E2F. Several hundred other human genes were found to contain these promoter motifs. Furthermore these motifs were significantly over represented in the orthologous genes in canine, rat and mouse genomes. CONCLUSIONS We have developed and applied a computational methodology to identify common promoter elements implicated in OA and shared amongst four higher vertebrates. The transcription factors associated with these binding sites and other genes driven by these promoter motifs have been implicated in OA, chondrocyte development and with other biological factors involved in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Hannenhalli
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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114
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Carter KL, McDonald K, Waller J. 27 SAFETY OF PARTICIPATING IN STATE GAMES OF SPECIAL OLYMPICS GEORGIA. J Investig Med 2005. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.00006.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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115
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Cahill J, Travers B, Ryder M, Quigley P, Maurer B, Ledwidge M, McDonald K. 3-Month morbidity and follow-up medical requirements comparing systolic dysfunction with preserved systolic function in sequential heart failure admissions. Eur J Heart Fail 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-9842(00)80093-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J.M. Cahill
- ST. Vincent's University Hospital, Cardiomyopathy Research Centre; Dublin Ireland
| | - B. Travers
- ST. Vincent's University Hospital, Cardiomyopathy Research Centre; Dublin Ireland
| | - M. Ryder
- ST. Vincent's University Hospital, Cardiomyopathy Research Centre; Dublin Ireland
| | - P. Quigley
- ST. Vincent's University Hospital, Cardiomyopathy Research Centre; Dublin Ireland
| | - B. Maurer
- ST. Vincent's University Hospital, Cardiomyopathy Research Centre; Dublin Ireland
| | | | - K. McDonald
- ST. Vincent's University Hospital, Cardiomyopathy Research Centre; Dublin Ireland
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Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans is one of the most important genetic systems used in current biological research. Increasingly, these genetics-based research projects are including ultrastructural analyses in their attempts to understand the molecular basis for cell function. Here, we present and review state-of-the-art methods for both ultrastructural analysis and immunogold localization in C. elegans. For the initial cryofixation, high-pressure freezing is the method of choice, and in this article we describe two different strategies to prepare these nematode worms for rapid freezing. The first method takes advantage of transparent, porous cellulose capillary tubes to contain the worms, and the second packs the worms in E. coli and/or yeast paste prior to freezing. The latter method facilitates embedding of C. elegans in a thin layer of resin so individual worms can be staged, selected and precisely orientated for serial sectioning followed by immunolabelling or electron tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Müller-Reichert
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstr. 108, D-01307 Dresden, Germany.
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117
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Caird J, Brett F, McDonald K, Phillips J. Paralysed by streptokinase. Ir Med J 2003; 96:117-8. [PMID: 12793477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Caird
- Department of Anatomy, RCSI, Dublin.
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118
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Boake CRB, McDonald K, Maitra S, Ganguly R. Forty years of solitude: life-history divergence and behavioural isolation between laboratory lines of Drosophila melanogaster. J Evol Biol 2003; 16:83-90. [PMID: 14635883 DOI: 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00505.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The study of the early stages of speciation can benefit from examination of differences between populations of known history that have been separated for a short time, such as a few thousands of generations. We asked whether two lines of Drosophila melanogaster that were isolated more than 40 years ago have evolved differences in life-history characters, or have begun to evolve behavioural or postzygotic isolation. One line, which is resistant to DDT, showed lower egg production and a shorter lifespan than a susceptible line. These differences are not a pleiotropic effect of resistance because they are not attributable to the chromosome that contains the resistance factors. The two lines have begun to become behaviourally isolated. Again, the isolation is not attributable to genes on the chromosome that contains resistance factors. The lines show only prezygotic isolation; there is no evidence of reduced fitness of F1 or F2 hybrids. These lines and others like them, should be excellent subjects for analyses of genetic changes that could lead to speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R B Boake
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-1610, USA.
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119
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Williams TM, Ben-David M, Noren S, Rutishauser M, McDonald K, Heyward W. Running energetics of the North American river otter: do short legs necessarily reduce efficiency on land? Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2002; 133:203-12. [PMID: 12208295 DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(02)00136-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Semi-aquatic mammals move between two very different media (air and water), and are subject to a greater range of physical forces (gravity, buoyancy, drag) than obligate swimmers or runners. This versatility is associated with morphological compromises that often lead to elevated locomotor energetic costs when compared to fully aquatic or terrestrial species. To understand the basis of these differences in energy expenditure, this study examined the interrelationships between limb morphology, cost of transport and biomechanics of running in a semi-aquatic mammal, the North American river otter. Oxygen consumption, preferred locomotor speeds, and stride characteristics were measured for river otters (body mass=11.1 kg, appendicular/axial length=29%) trained to run on a treadmill. To assess the effects of limb length on performance parameters, kinematic measurements were also made for a terrestrial specialist of comparable stature, the Welsh corgi dog (body mass=12.0 kg, appendicular/axial length=37%). The results were compared to predicted values for long legged terrestrial specialists. As found for other semi-aquatic mammals, the net cost of transport of running river otters (6.63 J kg(-1)min(-1) at 1.43 ms(-1)) was greater than predicted for primarily terrestrial mammals. The otters also showed a marked reduction in gait transition speed and in the range of preferred running speeds in comparison to short dogs and semi-aquatic mammals. As evident from the corgi dogs, short legs did not necessarily compromise running performance. Rather, the ability to incorporate a period of suspension during high speed running was an important compensatory mechanism for short limbs in the dogs. Such an aerial period was not observed in river otters with the result that energetic costs during running were higher and gait transition speeds slower for this versatile mammal compared to locomotor specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrie M Williams
- Department of EE Biology, Center for Ocean Health - Long Marine Laboratory, 100 Shaffer Road, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA.
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120
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Bravata DM, McDonald K, Owens DK, Buckeridge D, Haberland C, Rydzak C, Schleinitz M, Smith WM, Szeto H, Wilkening D, Musen M, Duncan BW, Nouri B, Dangiolo MB, Liu H, Shofer S, Graham J, Davies S. Bioterrorism preparedness and response: use of information technologies and decision support systems. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Summ) 2002:1-8. [PMID: 12154489 PMCID: PMC4781373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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121
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McDonald K. Outreach and outrage: the student health coalition. South Expos 2001; 6:18-23. [PMID: 11633226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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122
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Perkins SW, Hamilton MM, McDonald K. A successful 15-year experience in double-dome tip surgery via endonasal approach: nuances and pitfalls. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2001; 3:157-64. [PMID: 11497499 DOI: 10.1001/archfaci.3.3.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endonasal double-dome techniques provide a reliable method to approach the nasal tip. OBJECTIVES To review one surgeon's 15-year experience using a graduated method of endonasal double-dome tip surgery including patient selection, intraoperative techniques, and postoperative complications and to emphasize the nuances to achieve symmetry and consistent results. PATIENTS AND METHODS Three hundred eighty-six patients who had adequate follow-up after undergoing endonasal double-dome tip rhinoplasty. RESULTS Results at 1 year showed high rates of supratip (94%), dome (96%), and nostril (88%) symmetry. There was a high rate of patient satisfaction with a low rate of revision (7%). CONCLUSION Endonasal double-dome tip surgery provides the surgeon the ability to achieve consistent results with high patient satisfaction and a low rate of revision.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Perkins
- Meridian Plastic Surgery Center, 170 W 106th St, Indianapolis, IN 46290, USA.
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123
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McDonald K, Ledwidge M, Cahill J, Kelly J, Quigley P, Maurer B, Begley F, Ryder M, Travers B, Timmons L, Burke T. Elimination of early rehospitalization in a randomized, controlled trial of multidisciplinary care in a high-risk, elderly heart failure population: the potential contributions of specialist care, clinical stability and optimal angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor dose at discharge. Eur J Heart Fail 2001; 3:209-15. [PMID: 11246059 DOI: 10.1016/s1388-9842(00)00134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a growing body of data demonstrating the benefits of multidisciplinary care in heart failure, persistently high rates of readmission, especially within the first month of discharge, continue to be documented. AIMS As part of an ongoing randomized study on the value of multidisciplinary care in a high risk (NYHA Class IV), elderly (mean age 69 years) heart failure population, we examined the effects of this intervention on previously high (20%) 1-month readmission rates. METHODS Unlike previous studies of this approach, both multidisciplinary (MC) and routine care (RC) populations were cared for by the cardiology service, complied with adherence to clinical stability criteria prior to discharge (100% of patients) and received at least target dose angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition with perindopril prior to discharge (94% of indicated patients). We analysed death and unplanned readmission for heart failure at 1 month. RESULTS This early report from the first 70 patients (67% male, 71% systolic dysfunction with a mean ejection fraction of 31.0+/-6.7%) enrolled in this study demonstrates elimination of 1-month hospital readmission in both RC and MC groups. This unexpected result represents a dramatic improvement both for this patient cohort (20% 30-day readmission rate prior to enrollment reduced to 0% following the index admission in both care groups) and in comparison with available data. CONCLUSIONS Critical contributors to this improvement appear to be specialist cardiology care, adherence to clinical stability criteria prior to discharge and routine use of target or high-dose ACE inhibitor therapy prior to discharge. Widespread application of this approach may have a dramatic improvement in morbidity of CHF while limiting the escalating costs of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- K McDonald
- St. Vincent's University Hospital Cardiomyopathy Research Group, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
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124
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Chen WY, Lu L, McDonald K, Osmond DG, Smith CE. Isolation of amelogenin-positive ameloblasts from rat mandibular incisor enamel organs by flow cytometry and fluorescence activated cell sorting. Connect Tissue Res 2001; 38:9-15; discussion 35-41. [PMID: 11063012 DOI: 10.3109/03008209809017012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to use amelogenin as a marker to examine the feasibility of isolating ameloblasts from enamel organ cell populations by fluorescence activated cell sorting. After treating dissected rat enamel organs with proteolytic enzymes to loosen cell attachments and labial connective tissues, dissociated cell suspensions were fixed, then immunostained with rabbit anti-rM179 recombinant amelogenin antibody and FITC-conjugated goat anti-rabbit Ig G antibody. Flow cytometry indicated that about 70% of the total cell sample and virtually all the larger cells therein were amelogenin-positive. Fluorescence activated cell sorting yielded a sample of amelogenin-positive cells at 97% purity. Immunofluorescence microscopy indicated that these isolated amelogenin-positive cells varied widely in size and morphology. This was attributed to loss of intercellular support for ameloblasts once they were dissociated from each other, and to some fragmentation caused when the cells were initially physically removed from the teeth. The results demonstrate that viable ameloblast cell fractions, especially representing cells at the secretory stage, can be purified from enzymic digests of rat enamel organ by sorting on the basis of cell size alone. From these fractions, subpopulations of ameloblasts may be identified when differentiation specific cell surface markers become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Y Chen
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Abstract
A national survey of 925 people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Australia conducted in the second half of 1997 showed that the proportion of HIV-positive women (61%) reporting they currently used antiretroviral treatment was significantly lower than that of men (79%). Women (37%) were also significantly less likely than men (59%) to report that they believe new treatments have brought hope and better prospects for PLWHA. Thirteen women and 63 men who completed the survey also participated in an in-depth interview which further explored the use of, and attitudes to, antiretroviral drugs for HIV/AIDS and their impact on personal relationships and work-related issues. Taken together, the survey and interview data suggest that male PLWHA have positive albeit qualified views about antiretrovirals and believe their health and future prospects have been improved by advances in treatments. In contrast, female PLWHA were sceptical about treatments and were unwilling to link their future prospects to the outcomes of antiretroviral therapy. Multivariate analysis of the correlates of attitudes to treatments revealed gender to be a significant independent predictor of more positive attitudes. These results are important considerations for health care workers in ensuring that HIV treatment services become more acceptable to HIV-positive women.
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Affiliation(s)
- K McDonald
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health & Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
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126
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Fairburn G, McDonald K. Increased high risk sexual behaviour in homosexual men. Clarity may have been lost through including too much information. BMJ 2000; 321:1532. [PMID: 11118196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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127
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Affiliation(s)
- N Aly
- Aintree Stroke Unit, Department of Medicine for the Elderly, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool L9 7AL
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Ryder M, Cahill J, Travers B, Ledwidge M, Burke T, Maurer B, Quigley P, McDonald K. Patients' and their carers' perceptions of the role of education in the management of heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-9842(00)80088-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ryder
- St. Vincent's University Hospital, Cardiomyopathy Research Centre; Dublin UK
| | - J.M. Cahill
- St. Vincent's University Hospital, Cardiomyopathy Research Centre; Dublin UK
| | - B. Travers
- St. Vincent's University Hospital, Cardiomyopathy Research Centre; Dublin UK
| | | | - T. Burke
- St. Vincent's University Hospital, Cardiomyopathy Research Centre; Dublin UK
| | - B. Maurer
- St. Vincent's University Hospital, Cardiomyopathy Research Centre; Dublin UK
| | - P. Quigley
- St. Vincent's University Hospital, Cardiomyopathy Research Centre; Dublin UK
| | - K. McDonald
- St. Vincent's University Hospital, Cardiomyopathy Research Centre; Dublin UK
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Abstract
Issues of treatment compliance and the relationship between treatments, optimism and sexual practice are best understood when living with HIV is conceptualized as a dynamic process requiring individuals to work on their subjectivity. In an interview study of 76 people living with HIV/AIDS in Australia, three 'modes of subjectification' were identified: HIV as identity, HIV as experience and HIV as career. The impact of treatments on individuals was mediated by the relationship of HIV to selfhood and to community, and took different forms under each mode of subjectification. HIV as identity was most characteristic of gay men and resulted in failures of compliance or of safe sex being felt as failures of the self. HIV as experience was particularly characteristic of women and heterosexual men and was associated with a less regimented view of treatment compliance and no association between treatments optimism and sexual practice. HIV as career, characteristic of both gay men and others, was associated with hyper-compliant treatment practice and context-dependent sexual practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bartos
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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McDonald K, Cahill J, Ledwidge M, Ryder M, Travers B, Burke T, Quigley P, Maurer B. Integration of best practice into multidisciplinary care for heart failure in the elderly: New benefits realised. Eur J Heart Fail 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-9842(00)80086-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K. McDonald
- Cardiomyopathy Research Centre, St. Vincent's University; Dublin United Kingdom
| | - J.M. Cahill
- St. Vincent's University Hospital, Cardiomyopathy Research Centre; Dublin United Kingdom
| | | | - M. Ryder
- Cardiomyopathy Research Centre, St. Vincent's University; Dublin United Kingdom
| | - B. Travers
- Cardiomyopathy Research Centre, St. Vincent's University; Dublin United Kingdom
| | - T. Burke
- Cardiomyopathy Research Centre, St. Vincent's University; Dublin United Kingdom
| | - P. Quigley
- Cardiomyopathy Research Centre, St. Vincent's University; Dublin United Kingdom
| | - B. Maurer
- Cardiomyopathy Research Centre, St. Vincent's University; Dublin United Kingdom
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Burke T, Cahill J, Ledwidge M, Quigley P, Maurer B, Ryder M, Travers B, Timmons L, McDonald K. Improved patient understanding is associated with reduction in sodium intake in an elderly heart failure population. Eur J Heart Fail 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-9842(00)80087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T. Burke
- Cardiomyopathy Research Centre; St. Vincent's University Hospital; Dublin United Kingdom
| | - J.M. Cahill
- St. Vincent's University Hospital, Cardiomyopathy Research Centre; Dublin United Kingdom
| | | | - P. Quigley
- Cardiomyopathy Research Centre; St. Vincent's University Hospital; Dublin United Kingdom
| | - B. Maurer
- Cardiomyopathy Research Centre; St. Vincent's University Hospital; Dublin United Kingdom
| | - M. Ryder
- Cardiomyopathy Research Centre; St. Vincent's University Hospital; Dublin United Kingdom
| | - B. Travers
- Cardiomyopathy Research Centre; St. Vincent's University Hospital; Dublin United Kingdom
| | - L. Timmons
- Cardiomyopathy Research Centre; St. Vincent's University Hospital; Dublin United Kingdom
| | - K. McDonald
- Cardiomyopathy Research Centre; St. Vincent's University Hospital; Dublin United Kingdom
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Abstract
Membrane IgG H chains turn over considerably more rapidly than secretory Ig H chains in the 18-81 A2 pre-B cell line. This rapid degradation occurs in proteasomes. N-Glycosylated membrane Ig H chains accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum in the presence of proteasomal inhibitors, suggesting that retrotranslocation and proteasomal degradation of membrane Ig H chains may be closely coupled processes. Accelerated proteasomal degradation of membrane Ig H chains was also observed in transfected nonlymphoid cells. At steady state, the membrane form of the H chain associates more readily with Bip and calnexin than its secretory counterpart. The preferential recognition of membrane, as opposed to secretory, Ig H chains by some endoplasmic reticulum chaperones, may provide an explanation for the accelerated proteasomal degradation of the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Ho
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
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133
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Paluh JL, Nogales E, Oakley BR, McDonald K, Pidoux AL, Cande WZ. A mutation in gamma-tubulin alters microtubule dynamics and organization and is synthetically lethal with the kinesin-like protein pkl1p. Mol Biol Cell 2000; 11:1225-39. [PMID: 10749926 PMCID: PMC14843 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.11.4.1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitotic segregation of chromosomes requires spindle pole functions for microtubule nucleation, minus end organization, and regulation of dynamics. gamma-Tubulin is essential for nucleation, and we now extend its role to these latter processes. We have characterized a mutation in gamma-tubulin that results in cold-sensitive mitotic arrest with an elongated bipolar spindle but impaired anaphase A. At 30 degrees C cytoplasmic microtubule arrays are abnormal and bundle into single larger arrays. Three-dimensional time-lapse video microscopy reveals that microtubule dynamics are altered. Localization of the mutant gamma-tubulin is like the wild-type protein. Prediction of gamma-tubulin structure indicates that non-alpha/beta-tubulin protein-protein interactions could be affected. The kinesin-like protein (klp) Pkl1p localizes to the spindle poles and spindle and is essential for viability of the gamma-tubulin mutant and in multicopy for normal cell morphology at 30 degrees C. Localization and function of Pkl1p in the mutant appear unaltered, consistent with a redundant function for this protein in wild type. Our data indicate a broader role for gamma-tubulin at spindle poles in regulating aspects of microtubule dynamics and organization. We propose that Pkl1p rescues an impaired function of gamma-tubulin that involves non-tubulin protein-protein interactions, presumably with a second motor, MAP, or MTOC component.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Paluh
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3200, USA.
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Abstract
Predictive food microbiology (PFM) is an emerging multidisciplinary area of food microbiology. It encompasses such disciplines as mathematics, microbiology, engineering and chemistry to develop and apply mathematical models to predict the responses of microorganisms to specified environmental variables. This paper provides a critical review on the development of mathematical modelling with emphasis on modelling techniques, descriptions, classifications and their recent advances. It is concluded that the role and accuracy of predictive food microbiology will increase as understanding of the complex interactions between microorganisms and food becomes clearer. However the reliance of food microbiology on laboratory techniques and skilled personnel to determine process and food safety is still necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- K McDonald
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland
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136
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Larson MS, McDonald K, Young C, Sung R, Hlatky MA. Quality of life before and after radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients with drug refractory atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. Am J Cardiol 1999; 84:471-3, A9. [PMID: 10468092 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9149(99)00338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In a retrospective survey of 161 highly symptomatic patients, we found significant improvements in symptoms, patient utility, and use of medical care services after radiofrequency ablation for atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Larson
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305-5405, USA
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137
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Marra M, Kucaba T, Sekhon M, Hillier L, Martienssen R, Chinwalla A, Crockett J, Fedele J, Grover H, Gund C, McCombie WR, McDonald K, McPherson J, Mudd N, Parnell L, Schein J, Seim R, Shelby P, Waterston R, Wilson R. zA map for sequence analysis of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome. Nat Genet 1999; 22:265-70. [PMID: 10391214 DOI: 10.1038/10327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana has emerged as a model system for studies of plant genetics and development, and its genome has been targeted for sequencing by an international consortium (the Arabidopsis Genome Initiative; http://genome-www. stanford.edu/Arabidopsis/agi.html). To support the genome-sequencing effort, we fingerprinted more than 20,000 BACs (ref. 2) from two high-quality publicly available libraries, generating an estimated 17-fold redundant coverage of the genome, and used the fingerprints to nucleate assembly of the data by computer. Subsequent manual revision of the assemblies resulted in the incorporation of 19,661 fingerprinted BACs into 169 ordered sets of overlapping clones ('contigs'), each containing at least 3 clones. These contigs are ideal for parallel selection of BACs for large-scale sequencing and have supported the generation of more than 5.8 Mb of finished genome sequence submitted to GenBank; analysis of the sequence has confirmed the integrity of contigs constructed using this fingerprint data. Placement of contigs onto chromosomes can now be performed, and is being pursued by groups involved in both sequencing and positional cloning studies. To our knowledge, these data provide the first example of whole-genome random BAC fingerprint analysis of a eucaryote, and have provided a model essential to efforts aimed at generating similar databases of fingerprint contigs to support sequencing of other complex genomes, including that of human.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marra
- Washington University Genome Sequencing Center, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.
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138
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Affiliation(s)
- K McDonald
- Electron Microscope Lab, University of California, Berkeley, USA
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139
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Cameron T, McDonald K, Anderson L, Prochazka A. The effect of wrist angle on electrically evoked hand opening in patients with spastic hemiplegia. IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng 1999; 7:109-11. [PMID: 10188613 DOI: 10.1109/86.750560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This paper studied the effect of wrist angle on the amount of hand opening achieved by electrical stimulation in people with spastic hemiplegia. With their forearm in pronation, subjects were asked to relax while their affected wrist was passively moved in steps of about 15 degrees from full flexion into extension. Trains of stimuli were applied to the long finger extensor muscles through surface electrodes on the forearm. At each wrist position stimulation was turned on for a few seconds until hand opening equilibrated. Wrist angle and fingertip positions were recorded using a three-dimensional (3-D) motion analysis system. Maximal displacements between thumbtip and each fingertip occurred when the wrist was fully flexed. As the wrist was extended, hand aperture achieved by electrical stimulation progressively declined, reaching zero at 40 degrees of wrist extension. We conclude that electrical stimulation can significantly increase the grasp aperture of the hemiplegic hand, but this is strongly dependent on wrist posture and accompanying voluntary effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Cameron
- Division of Neuroscience, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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140
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McDonald K, Maurer B. The NETWORK investigators. Eur Heart J 1998; 19:1740-1. [PMID: 9857930 DOI: 10.1053/euhj.1998.1208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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141
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Jones Leavell JA, McDonald K, Woroch RA. Taking a risk on a dream job. Adv Nurse Pract 1998; 6:31. [PMID: 9849121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J A Jones Leavell
- Clarian Health/Methodist Hospital's Center for Geriatric Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
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142
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Dernburg AF, McDonald K, Moulder G, Barstead R, Dresser M, Villeneuve AM. Meiotic recombination in C. elegans initiates by a conserved mechanism and is dispensable for homologous chromosome synapsis. Cell 1998; 94:387-98. [PMID: 9708740 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81481-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 566] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome segregation at meiosis I depends on pairing and crossing-over between homologs. In most eukaryotes, pairing culminates with formation of the proteinaceous synaptonemal complex (SC). In budding yeast, recombination initiates through double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) and is thought to be essential for SC formation. Here, we examine whether this mechanism for initiating meiotic recombination is conserved, and we test the dependence of homologous chromosome synapsis on recombination in C. elegans. We find that a homolog of the yeast DSB-generating enzyme, Spo11p, is required for meiotic exchange in this metazoan, and that radiation-induced breaks partially alleviate this dependence. Thus, initiation of recombination by DSBs is apparently conserved. However, homologous synapsis is independent of recombination in the nematode, since it occurs normally in a C. elegans spo-11 null mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Dernburg
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305-5329, USA
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143
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Martins CR, Johnson JA, Lawrence DM, Choi TJ, Pisi AM, Tobin SL, Lapidus D, Wagner JD, Ruzin S, McDonald K, Jackson AO. Sonchus yellow net rhabdovirus nuclear viroplasms contain polymerase-associated proteins. J Virol 1998; 72:5669-79. [PMID: 9621026 PMCID: PMC110235 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.72.7.5669-5679.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We have initiated a study of the cytopathology of nucleorhabdoviruses by analyzing the subcellular localization of sonchus yellow net virus (SYNV) genomic and antigenomic RNAs and the encoded polymerase proteins. In situ hybridizations demonstrated that the minus-strand genomic RNA sequences are restricted to the nuclei of infected cells, while the complementary plus-strand antigenomic RNA sequences are present in both the nuclei and the cytoplasm. Immunofluorescence and immunogold labeling experiments also revealed that the nucleocapsid (N) protein and phosphoprotein (M2) are primarily localized to discrete regions within the nuclei and in virus particles that accumulate in perinuclear spaces. The N protein antiserum specifically labeled the nuclear viroplasms, whereas the M2 antiserum was more generally distributed throughout the nuclei. Antibody detection also indicated that the polymerase (L) protein is present in small amounts in the viroplasm. When the N and M2 proteins were expressed individually from the heterologous potato virus X (PVX) vector, both proteins preferentially accumulated in the nuclei. In addition, viroplasm-like inclusions formed in the nuclei of cells infected with the PVX vector containing the N gene. Fusions of the carboxy terminus of beta-glucuronidase to N and M2 resulted in staining of the nuclei of infected cells following expression from the PVX vector. Deletion analyses suggested that multiple regions of the N protein contain signals that are important for nuclear localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Martins
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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144
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McGuigan K, McDonald K, Parris K, Moritz C. Mitochondrial DNA diversity and historical biogeography of a wet forest-restricted frog (Litoria pearsoniana) from mid-east Australia. Mol Ecol 1998; 7:175-86. [PMID: 9532760 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00329.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MtDNA sequencing was used to investigate the genetic population structure of Litoria pearsoniana, a wet forest-restricted hylid frog, endemic to southeast Queensland and northeast New South Wales, Australia. L. pearsoniana is regarded as endangered under Queensland legislation. Significant genetic divergence among populations of frogs from different rainforest isolates was identified, but the lack of reciprocal monophyly among adjacent isolates suggests this is the result of a relatively recent disruption to gene flow. A paired catchment study within a single rainforest isolate, the Conondale Range, revealed no substantial genetic structuring, indicating the occurrence of terrestrial dispersal among nearby streams either in the recent past or currently. Two major reciprocally monophyletic clades of mtDNA alleles were identified. These corresponded to two geographical regions separated by the Brisbane River valley; one consisting of the Conondale and D'Aguilar Ranges, and the other of the southern isolates in the Main, Border and Gibraltar Ranges. Sequence divergence between the two regions was more consistent with a late Miocene or Pliocene rather than late Pleistocene separation, and is similar to that found among phylogeographic divisions of rainforest reptiles and amphibians in north Queensland rainforests. The molecular evidence for long-term separation of these two regions is corroborated by the pattern of species turnover in the distributions of species of rainforest-restricted amphibians and reptiles. Bioclimatic modelling suggests that appropriate conditions for L. pearsoniana would have been restricted to isolated refugees in each phylogeographic division under cooler and drier climates, such as predicted for the last glacial maximum. Currently isolated montane areas may have been connected transiently during the past 2000 years. Identification of long-term zoogeographic divisions among southeast Queensland rainforest herpetofauna has important implications for conservation and management. Conservation management of L. pearsoniana should be applied at the scale of major rainforest isolates and the conservation status of the species should be assessed independently north and south of the historical division.
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Affiliation(s)
- K McGuigan
- Cooperative Research Centre for Tropical Rainforest Ecology and Management, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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145
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Turnbull C, Benbow S, McDonald K, Watkins C. Mersey Diabetes Audit. Age Ageing 1998. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/27.suppl_1.p48-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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146
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McDonald K, Chu C, Francis G, Judd D, Carlyle W, Toher C, Hauer K, Hartman M. The effect of delayed reperfusion following infarction in the rat on structural changes in viable myocardium. Cardiovasc Res 1997; 36:347-53. [PMID: 9534855 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6363(97)00201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence indicates that patency of the infarct related artery following the completion of myocardial necrosis can attenuate ventricular remodeling. Data have also demonstrated that inhibition of infarct expansion contributes to the anti-remodeling effect of delayed reperfusion. However, the influence of a patent artery on components of the remodeling process in the viable myocardium is poorly understood. METHODS Myocyte morphometrics (isolated cell technique) and collagen content (hydroxyproline analysis) were assessed 28 days following experimental myocardial infarction from rats with permanently ligated left coronary vessels (NRP; n = 10) compared with rats who underwent reperfusion 150 minutes after ligation (RP; n = 11) and a sham-operated group (n = 10). RESULTS Analysis of infarct size (planimetry) in a separate group of rats demonstrated that reperfusion at this late time point did not reduce infarct size (NRP: 33 +/- 3 vs. RP: 35 +/- 5%). Myocyte length in RP rats was less than in NRP rats in viable, non-infarcted left ventricular tissue (155 +/- 3 vs. 167 +/- 4 microns, p = 0.02), in the right ventricle (154 +/- 4 vs. 167 +/- 3 microns, p = 0.02) and in the septum (158 +/- 4 vs. 169 +/- 4 microns, p = 0.05). Reperfusion also attenuated the expected increase in cell volume compared with NRP rats (left ventricle 39.4 +/- 1.7 x 10(3) vs. 44.1 +/- 1.6 x 10(3) micron 3, p = 0.06; right ventricle 36.7 +/- 1.6 x 10(3) vs. 42.7 +/- 2.0 x 10(3) micron 3, p = 0.02; septum 41.0 +/- 1.6 x 10(3) vs. 44.2 +/- 1.8 x 10(3) micron 3, p = 0.19). Hydroxyproline content increased in the viable left ventricular tissue in both the reperfused and non-reperfused groups. CONCLUSION Reperfusion without myocardial salvage attenuates the increase in myocyte length and volume that occurs in remodeling myocardium following infarction in the rat, with no effect on the increase in collagen content. These data indicate that patency of the infarct vessel, which is known to have an inhibitory effect on infarct expansion, also has an anti-remodeling effect remote from the area perfused by this artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- K McDonald
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA.
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McDonald K. Medicare and advanced practice nurses. We did it! N J Nurse 1997; 27:5. [PMID: 9416071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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148
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Abstract
The authors present a case in which Tc-99m HMPAO labeled autologous leukocytes were used to demonstrate a brain abscess in a patient undergoing evaluation for fever of unknown origin. The abscess was demonstrated on both 1-hour and 24-hour images. The positive 1-hour image led to CT and MRI studies, which are included for correlation. In addition to its previously identified role as a secondary diagnostic test in the differentiation of tumor and abscess, the authors propose that Tc-99m HMPAO is useful as a primary diagnostic tool in the identification of brain abscess. Furthermore, the authors suggest that Tc-99m HMPAO is preferable to In-111 labeled leukocytes because of its better resolution and earlier imaging characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Saba
- Department of Radiology, Mercy Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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149
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McDonald K. New Jersey Prescription Blank information update. N J Nurse 1997; 27:10-1. [PMID: 9416073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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150
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Wilke N, Jerosch-Herold M, Wang Y, Huang Y, Christensen BV, Stillman AE, Ugurbil K, McDonald K, Wilson RF. Myocardial perfusion reserve: assessment with multisection, quantitative, first-pass MR imaging. Radiology 1997; 204:373-84. [PMID: 9240523 DOI: 10.1148/radiology.204.2.9240523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate the feasibility of determining myocardial blood flow changes and the myocardial perfusion reserve with magnetic resonance (MR) first-pass imaging, to validate the MR results by means of comparison with radiolabeled microsphere flow measurements in an animal model, and to compare the coronary flow reserve with the perfusion reserve at MR imaging in patients with hemodynamically nonsignificant coronary lesions and angina. MATERIALS AND METHODS Arrhythmia-insensitive, first-pass, multisection, T1-weighted MR imaging with contrast agent enhancement was performed in eight pigs with acute ischemia and in eight adult patients (six women, two men). In the pigs, microsphere flow measurements were obtained in parallel with the MR measurements. In the patients, the coronary flow reserve was measured with an intracoronary Doppler flow ultrasound probe for comparison with the MR perfusion reserve. RESULTS In the animal studies, there was linear correlation between MR perfusion indexes and the microsphere flow measurements (r = .88, P < .01). In the patients, the regional perfusion reserve matched the coronary flow reserve (linear regression with a slope of 1.02 +/- 0.09, r = .80). CONCLUSION The myocardial perfusion reserve can be quantified with first-pass MR imaging. In patients with microvascular dysfunction, the myocardial perfusion reserve matches the reduced coronary flow reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Wilke
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis 55455, USA
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