101
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Seyfried TN, Mukherjee P, Iyikesici MS, Slocum A, Kalamian M, Spinosa JP, Chinopoulos C. Consideration of Ketogenic Metabolic Therapy as a Complementary or Alternative Approach for Managing Breast Cancer. Front Nutr 2020; 7:21. [PMID: 32219096 PMCID: PMC7078107 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in women. Ultrastructural and biochemical evidence from breast biopsy tissue and cancer cells shows mitochondrial abnormalities that are incompatible with energy production through oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). Consequently, breast cancer, like most cancers, will become more reliant on substrate level phosphorylation (fermentation) than on oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) for growth consistent with the mitochondrial metabolic theory of cancer. Glucose and glutamine are the prime fermentable fuels that underlie therapy resistance and drive breast cancer growth through substrate level phosphorylation (SLP) in both the cytoplasm (Warburg effect) and the mitochondria (Q-effect), respectively. Emerging evidence indicates that ketogenic metabolic therapy (KMT) can reduce glucose availability to tumor cells while simultaneously elevating ketone bodies, a non-fermentable metabolic fuel. It is suggested that KMT would be most effective when used together with glutamine targeting. Information is reviewed for suggesting how KMT could reduce systemic inflammation and target tumor cells without causing damage to normal cells. Implementation of KMT in the clinic could improve progression free and overall survival for patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Purna Mukherjee
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Mehmet S. Iyikesici
- Medical Oncology, Kemerburgaz University Bahcelievler Medical Park Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdul Slocum
- Medical Oncology, Chemo Thermia Oncology Center, Istanbul, Turkey
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102
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Wang JD, Chen WY, Li JR, Lin SY, Wang YY, Wu CC, Liao SL, Ko CC, Chen CJ. Aspirin Mitigated Tumor Growth in Obese Mice Involving Metabolic Inhibition. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030569. [PMID: 32121098 PMCID: PMC7140453 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with a wide range of chronic diseases, including cancer. It has been noted that the integration of metabolic mechanisms in obese patients may predispose them to suffer from cancer incidence and its progression. Thus, a better understanding of metabolic alterations in obesity, along with the development of feasible therapeutic approaches for intervention, are theoretically relevant to the prevention and treatment of cancer malignancy. Using a syngeneic tumor model involving Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) cells and C57BL/6 mice fed with a high fat diet, obesity was found to be associated with dysregulated glucose and glutamine metabolism, inflammation, along with platelet activation and the promotion of tumor growth. Tumor-bearing lowered glucose levels while moderately increasing inflammation, platelet activation, and glutamine levels. The antiplatelet drug aspirin, mitigated tumor growth in obese mice, paralleled by a decrease in systemic glucose, insulin, inflammation, platelet activation, glutamine and tumor expression of cell proliferation, aerobic glycolysis, glutaminolysis, platelets, and leukocyte molecules. The anti- and pro-cell proliferation, aerobic glycolysis, and glutaminolysis effects of aspirin and glutamine were further demonstrated in a LLC cell study. Although there remains limitations to our experiments, glucose and glutamine metabolism are proposed targets for the anticancer effects of aspirin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaan-Der Wang
- Children’s Medical Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 407, Taiwan;
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Enterprise Information, Tunghai University, Taichung City 407, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ying Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan; (W.-Y.C.); (C.-C.K.)
| | - Jian-Ri Li
- Division of Urology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 407, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Yi Lin
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 407, Taiwan;
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei City 112, Taiwan;
| | - Ya-Yu Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei City 112, Taiwan;
- Department of Family Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 407, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 407, Taiwan;
- Department of Financial Engineering, Providence University, Taichung City 433, Taiwan
- Department of Data Science and Big Data Analytics, Providence University, Taichung City 433, Taiwan
| | - Su-Lan Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 407, Taiwan;
| | - Chiao-Chen Ko
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan; (W.-Y.C.); (C.-C.K.)
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 407, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung City 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-423-592-525 (ext. 4022)
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103
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Abstract
Abnormal T cell responses are central to the development of autoimmunity and organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus. Following stimulation, naïve T cells undergo rapid proliferation, differentiation and cytokine production. Since the initial report, approximately two decades ago, that engagement of CD28 enhances glycolysis but PD-1 and CTLA-4 decrease it, significant information has been generated which has linked metabolic reprogramming with the fate of differentiating T cell in health and autoimmunity. Herein we summarize how defects in mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, glycolysis, glutaminolysis and lipid metabolism contribute to pro-inflammatory T cell responses in systemic lupus erythematosus and discuss how metabolic defects can be exploited therapeutically.
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104
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Hirahara I, Kusano E, Jin D, Takai S. Hypermetabolism of glutathione, glutamate and ornithine via redox imbalance in methylglyoxal-induced peritoneal injury rats. J Biochem 2020; 167:185-194. [PMID: 31593282 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a blood purification treatment for patients with reduced renal function. However, the peritoneum is exposed to oxidative stress during PD and long-term PD results in peritoneal damage, leading to the termination of PD. Methylglyoxal (MGO) contained in commercial PD fluids is a source of strong oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism of MGO-induced peritoneal injury using metabolome analysis in rats. We prepared peritoneal fibrosis rats by intraperitoneal administration of PD fluids containing MGO for 21 days. As a result, MGO-induced excessive proliferation of mesenchymal cells with an accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) at the surface of the thickened peritoneum in rats. The effluent levels of methionine sulfoxide, an oxidative stress marker and glutathione peroxidase activity were increased in the MGO-treated rats. The levels of glutathione, glutamate, aspartate, ornithine and AGEs were also increased in these rats. MGO upregulated the gene expression of transporters and enzymes related to the metabolism of glutathione, glutamate and ornithine in the peritoneum. These results suggest that MGO may induce peritoneal injury with mesenchymal cell proliferation via increased redox metabolism, directly or through the formation of AGEs during PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Hirahara
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 568-8686
| | - Eiji Kusano
- JCHO Utsunomiya Hospital, 11-17 Minamitakasago-chou, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-0143, Japan
| | - Denan Jin
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 568-8686
| | - Shinji Takai
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 568-8686
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105
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Dimri M, Humphries A, Laknaur A, Elattar S, Lee TJ, Sharma A, Kolhe R, Satyanarayana A. NAD(P)H Quinone Dehydrogenase 1 Ablation Inhibits Activation of the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/Akt Serine/Threonine Kinase and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Pathways and Blocks Metabolic Adaptation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Hepatology 2020; 71:549-568. [PMID: 31215069 PMCID: PMC6920612 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells undergo metabolic adaptation to sustain uncontrolled proliferation. Aerobic glycolysis and glutaminolysis are two of the most essential characteristics of cancer metabolic reprogramming. Hyperactivated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt serine/threonine kinase (Akt) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways play central roles in cancer cell metabolic adaptation given that their downstream effectors, such as Akt and c-Myc, control most of the glycolytic and glutaminolysis genes. Here, we report that the cytosolic flavoprotein, NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (Nqo1), is strongly overexpressed in mouse and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Knockdown of Nqo1 enhanced activity of the serine/threonine phosphatase, protein phosphatase 2A, which operates at the intersection of the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK pathways and dephosphorylates and inactivates pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1, Akt, Raf, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, and ERK1/2. Nqo1 ablation also induced the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog, a dual protein/lipid phosphatase that blocks PI3K/Akt signaling, through the ERK/cAMP-responsive element-binding protein/c-Jun pathway. Together, Nqo1 ablation triggered simultaneous inhibition of the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK pathways, suppressed the expression of glycolysis and glutaminolysis genes and blocked metabolic adaptation in liver cancer cells. Conversely, Nqo1 overexpression caused hyperactivation of the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK pathways and promoted metabolic adaptation. Conclusion: In conclusion, Nqo1 functions as an upstream activator of both the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK pathways in liver cancer cells, and Nqo1 ablation blocked metabolic adaptation and inhibited liver cancer cell proliferation and HCC growth in mice. Therefore, our results suggest that Nqo1 may function as a therapeutic target to inhibit liver cancer cell proliferation and inhibit HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manali Dimri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Oncology & Biomarkers Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Room-CN3150, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Ashley Humphries
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Oncology & Biomarkers Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Room-CN3150, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Archana Laknaur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Oncology & Biomarkers Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Room-CN3150, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Sawsan Elattar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Oncology & Biomarkers Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Room-CN3150, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Tae Jin Lee
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, GA, 30912
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, GA, 30912
| | - Ravindra Kolhe
- Department of Pathology, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Ande Satyanarayana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Oncology & Biomarkers Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Room-CN3150, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA 30912
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106
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Li Y, Ramachandran S, Nguyen TTT, Stalnecker CA, Cerione RA, Erickson JW. The activation loop and substrate-binding cleft of glutaminase C are allosterically coupled. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:1328-1337. [PMID: 31871054 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The glutaminase C (GAC) isoform of mitochondrial glutaminase is overexpressed in many cancer cells and therefore represents a potential therapeutic target. Understanding the regulation of GAC activity has been guided by the development of spectroscopic approaches that measure glutaminase activity in real time. Previously, we engineered a GAC protein (GAC(F327W)) in which a tryptophan residue is substituted for phenylalanine in an activation loop to explore the role of this loop in enzyme activity. We showed that the fluorescence emission of Trp-327 is enhanced in response to activator binding, but quenched by inhibitors of the BPTES class that bind to the GAC tetramer and contact the activation loop, thereby constraining it in an inactive conformation. In the present work, we took advantage of a tryptophan substitution at position 471, proximal to the GAC catalytic site, to examine the conformational coupling between the activation loop and the substrate-binding cleft, separated by ∼16 Å. Comparison of glutamine binding in the presence or absence of the BPTES analog CB-839 revealed a reciprocal relationship between the constraints imposed on the activation loop position and the affinity of GAC for substrate. Binding of the inhibitor weakened the affinity of GAC for glutamine, whereas activating anions such as Pi increased this affinity. These results indicate that the conformations of the activation loop and the substrate-binding cleft in GAC are allosterically coupled and that this coupling determines substrate affinity and enzymatic activity and explains the activities of CB-839, which is currently in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxing Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Sekar Ramachandran
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Thuy-Tien T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Clint A Stalnecker
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Richard A Cerione
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Jon W Erickson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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107
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Dekker LJM, Wu S, Jurriëns C, Mustafa DAN, Grevers F, Burgers PC, Sillevis Smitt PAE, Kros JM, Luider TM. Metabolic changes related to the IDH1 mutation in gliomas preserve TCA-cycle activity: An investigation at the protein level. FASEB J 2020; 34:3646-3657. [PMID: 31960518 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902352r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the IDH1 R132H (IDH1 mut) mutation in low-grade glioma and the associated change in function of the IDH1 enzyme has increased the interest in glioma metabolism. In an earlier study, we found that changes in expression of genes involved in the aerobic glycolysis and the TCA cycle are associated with IDH1 mut. Here, we apply proteomics to FFPE samples of diffuse gliomas with or without IDH1 mutations, to map changes in protein levels associated with this mutation. We observed significant changes in the enzyme abundance associated with aerobic glycolysis, glutamate metabolism, and the TCA cycle in IDH1 mut gliomas. Specifically, the enzymes involved in the metabolism of glutamate, lactate, and enzymes involved in the conversion of α-ketoglutarate were increased in IDH1 mut gliomas. In addition, the bicarbonate transporter (SLC4A4) was increased in IDH1 mut gliomas, supporting the idea that a mechanism preventing intracellular acidification is active. We also found that enzymes that convert proline, valine, leucine, and isoleucine into glutamate were increased in IDH1 mut glioma. We conclude that in IDH1 mut glioma metabolism is rewired (increased input of lactate and glutamate) to preserve TCA-cycle activity in IDH1 mut gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennard J M Dekker
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Suying Wu
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cherise Jurriëns
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dana A N Mustafa
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frederieke Grevers
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter C Burgers
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter A E Sillevis Smitt
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johan M Kros
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Theo M Luider
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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108
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Hosseini M, Dousset L, Mahfouf W, Serrano-Sanchez M, Redonnet-Vernhet I, Mesli S, Kasraian Z, Obre E, Bonneu M, Claverol S, Vlaski M, Ivanovic Z, Rachidi W, Douki T, Taieb A, Bouzier-Sore AK, Rossignol R, Rezvani HR. Energy Metabolism Rewiring Precedes UVB-Induced Primary Skin Tumor Formation. Cell Rep 2018; 23:3621-34. [PMID: 29925003 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although growing evidence indicates that bioenergetic metabolism plays an important role in the progression of tumorigenesis, little information is available on the contribution of reprogramming of energy metabolism in cancer initiation. By applying a quantitative proteomic approach and targeted metabolomics, we find that specific metabolic modifications precede primary skin tumor formation. Using a multistage model of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation-induced skin cancer, we show that glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and fatty acid β-oxidation are decreased at a very early stage of photocarcinogenesis, while the distal part of the electron transport chain (ETC) is upregulated. Reductive glutamine metabolism and the activity of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) are both necessary for maintaining high ETC. Mice with decreased DHODH activity or impaired ETC failed to develop pre-malignant and malignant lesions. DHODH activity represents a major link between DNA repair efficiency and bioenergetic patterning during skin carcinogenesis.
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109
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Grkovski M, Goel R, Krebs S, Staton KD, Harding JJ, Mellinghoff IK, Humm JL, Dunphy MPS. Pharmacokinetic Assessment of 18F-(2 S,4 R)-4-Fluoroglutamine in Patients with Cancer. J Nucl Med 2019; 61:357-366. [PMID: 31601700 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.229740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
18F-(2S,4R)-4-fluoroglutamine (18F-FGln) is an investigational PET radiotracer for imaging tumor glutamine flux and metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate its pharmacokinetic properties in patients with cancer. Methods: Fifty lesions from 41 patients (21 men and 20 women, aged 54 ± 14 y) were analyzed. Thirty-minute dynamic PET scans were performed concurrently with a rapid intravenous bolus injection of 232 ± 82 MBq of 18F-FGln, followed by 2 static PET scans at 97 ± 14 and 190 ± 12 min after injection. Five patients also underwent a second 18F-FGln study 4-13 wk after initiation of therapy with glutaminase, dual TORC1/2, or programmed death-1 inhibitors. Blood samples were collected to determine plasma and metabolite fractions and to scale the image-derived input function. Regions of interest were manually drawn to calculate SUVs. Pharmacokinetic modeling with both reversible and irreversible 1- and 2-tissue-compartment models was performed to calculate the kinetic rate constants K 1, k 2, k 3, and k 4 The analysis was repeated with truncated 30-min dynamic datasets. Results: Intratumor 18F-FGln uptake patterns demonstrated substantial heterogeneity in different lesion types. In most lesions, the reversible 2-tissue-compartment model was chosen as the most appropriate according to the Akaike information criterion. K 1, a surrogate biomarker for 18F-FGln intracellular transport, was the kinetic rate constant that was most correlated both with SUV at 30 min (Spearman ρ = 0.71) and with SUV at 190 min (ρ = 0.51). Only K 1 was reproducible from truncated 30-min datasets (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.96). k 3, a surrogate biomarker for glutaminolysis rate, was relatively low in about 50% of lesions. Treatment with glutaminase inhibitor CB-839 substantially reduced the glutaminolysis rates as measured by k 3 Conclusion: 18F-FGln dynamic PET is a sensitive tool for studying glutamine transport and metabolism in human malignancies. Analysis of dynamic data facilitates better understanding of 18F-FGln pharmacokinetics and may be necessary for response assessment to targeted therapies that impact intracellular glutamine pool size and tumor glutaminolysis rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Grkovski
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Reema Goel
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Simone Krebs
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kevin D Staton
- Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging Probe Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - James J Harding
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Ingo K Mellinghoff
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - John L Humm
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mark P S Dunphy
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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110
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Zhang W, Meyfeldt J, Wang H, Kulkarni S, Lu J, Mandel JA, Marburger B, Liu Y, Gorka JE, Ranganathan S, Prochownik EV. β-Catenin mutations as determinants of hepatoblastoma phenotypes in mice. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:17524-17542. [PMID: 31597698 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common pediatric liver cancer. Although long-term survival of HB is generally favorable, it depends on clinical stage, tumor histology, and a variety of biochemical and molecular features. HB appears almost exclusively before the age of 3 years, is represented by seven histological subtypes, and is usually associated with highly heterogeneous somatic mutations in the catenin β1 (CTNNB1) gene, which encodes β-catenin, a Wnt ligand-responsive transcriptional co-factor. Numerous recurring β-catenin mutations, not previously documented in HB, have also been identified in various other pediatric and adult cancer types. Little is known about the underlying factors that determine the above HB features and behaviors or whether non-HB-associated β-catenin mutations are tumorigenic when expressed in hepatocytes. Here, we investigated the oncogenic properties of 14 different HB- and non-HB-associated β-catenin mutants encoded by Sleeping Beauty vectors following their delivery into the mouse liver by hydrodynamic tail-vein injection. We show that all β-catenin mutations, as well as WT β-catenin, are tumorigenic when co-expressed with a mutant form of yes-associated protein (YAP). However, tumor growth rates, histologies, nuclear-to-cytoplasmic partitioning, and metabolic and transcriptional landscapes were strongly influenced by the identities of the β-catenin mutations. These findings provide a context for understanding at the molecular level the notable biological diversity of HB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Zhang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224.,Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jennifer Meyfeldt
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Huabo Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Sucheta Kulkarni
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Jie Lu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Jordan A Mandel
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Brady Marburger
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224.,University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Ying Liu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224.,University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Joanna E Gorka
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Sarangarajan Ranganathan
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224.,Department of Pathology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224.,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Edward V Prochownik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224 .,University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224.,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213.,Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232
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111
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Kappler M, Pabst U, Weinholdt C, Taubert H, Rot S, Kaune T, Kotrba J, Porsch M, Güttler A, Bache M, Krohn K, Bull F, Riemann A, Wickenhauser C, Seliger B, Schubert J, Al-Nawas B, Thews O, Grosse I, Vordermark D, Eckert AW. Causes and Consequences of A Glutamine Induced Normoxic HIF1 Activity for the Tumor Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4742. [PMID: 31554283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) is the crucial regulator of genes that are involved in metabolism under hypoxic conditions, but information regarding the transcriptional activity of HIF1 in normoxic metabolism is limited. Different tumor cells were treated under normoxic and hypoxic conditions with various drugs that affect cellular metabolism. HIF1α was silenced by siRNA in normoxic/hypoxic tumor cells, before RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were performed while using the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 as a model. Differentially expressed genes were further analyzed and validated by qPCR, while the activity of the metabolites was determined by enzyme assays. Under normoxic conditions, HIF1 activity was significantly increased by (i) glutamine metabolism, which was associated with the release of ammonium, and it was decreased by (ii) acetylation via acetyl CoA synthetase (ACSS2) or ATP citrate lyase (ACLY), respectively, and (iii) the presence of L-ascorbic acid, citrate, or acetyl-CoA. Interestingly, acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, L-ascorbic acid, and citrate each significantly destabilized HIF1α only under normoxia. The results from the deep sequence analyses indicated that, in HIF1-siRNA silenced MDA-MB-231 cells, 231 genes under normoxia and 1384 genes under hypoxia were transcriptionally significant deregulated in a HIF1-dependent manner. Focusing on glycolysis genes, it was confirmed that HIF1 significantly regulated six normoxic and 16 hypoxic glycolysis-associated gene transcripts. However, the results from the targeted metabolome analyses revealed that HIF1 activity affected neither the consumption of glucose nor the release of ammonium or lactate; however, it significantly inhibited the release of the amino acid alanine. This study comprehensively investigated, for the first time, how normoxic HIF1 is stabilized, and it analyzed the possible function of normoxic HIF1 in the transcriptome and metabolic processes of tumor cells in a breast cancer cell model. Furthermore, these data imply that HIF1 compensates for the metabolic outcomes of glutaminolysis and, subsequently, the Warburg effect might be a direct consequence of the altered amino acid metabolism in tumor cells.
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112
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Bruntz RC, Belshoff AC, Zhang Y, Macedo JKA, Higashi RM, Lane AN, Fan TWM. Inhibition of Anaplerotic Glutaminolysis Underlies Selenite Toxicity in Human Lung Cancer. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800486. [PMID: 31298457 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Large clinical trials and model systems studies suggest that the chemical form of selenium dictates chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic efficacy. Selenite induces excess ROS production, which mediates autophagy and eventual cell death in non-small cell lung cancer adenocarcinoma A549 cells. As the mechanisms underlying these phenotypic effects are unclear, the clinical relevance of selenite for cancer therapy remains to be determined. The authors' previous stable isotope-resolved metabolomics and gene expression analysis showed that selenite disrupts glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and polyamine metabolism in A549 cells, potentially through perturbed glutaminolysis, a vital anaplerotic process for proliferation of many cancer cells. Herein, the role of the glutaminolytic enzyme glutaminase 1 (GLS1) in selenite's toxicity in A549 cells and in patient-derived lung cancer tissues is investigated. Using [13 C6 ]-glucose and [13 C5 ,15 N2 ]-glutamine tracers, selenite's action on metabolic networks is determined. Selenite inhibits glutaminolysis and glutathione synthesis by suppressing GLS1 expression, and blocks the Krebs cycle, but transiently activates pyruvate carboxylase activity. Glutamate supplementation partially rescues these anti-proliferative and oxidative stress activities. Similar metabolic perturbations and necrosis are observed in selenite-treated human patients' cancerous lung tissues ex vivo. The results support the hypothesis that GLS1 suppression mediates part of the anti-cancer activity of selenite both in vitro and ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald C Bruntz
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Markey Cancer Center, and Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Alex C Belshoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Markey Cancer Center, and Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Jessica K A Macedo
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Markey Cancer Center, and Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Richard M Higashi
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Markey Cancer Center, and Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Andrew N Lane
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Markey Cancer Center, and Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Teresa W-M Fan
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Markey Cancer Center, and Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
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113
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Abstract
Cancer metabolism is currently a hot topic. Since it was first realized that cancer cells rely upon an altered metabolic program to sustain their rapid proliferation, the enzymes that support those metabolic changes have appeared to be good targets for pharmacological intervention. Here, we discuss efforts pertaining to targets in cancer metabolism, focusing upon the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the mechanisms which feed nutrients into it. We describe a broad landscape of small-molecule inhibitors, targeting a dozen different proteins, each implicated in cancer progression. We hope that this will serve as a reference both to the areas being most highly examined today and, relatedly, the areas that are still ripe for novel intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Katt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401, USA
| | - Richard A Cerione
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401, USA
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114
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El-Sahli S, Xie Y, Wang L, Liu S. Wnt Signaling in Cancer Metabolism and Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E904. [PMID: 31261718 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wingless (Wnt)/β-catenin pathway has long been associated with tumorigenesis, tumor plasticity, and tumor-initiating cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs). Wnt signaling has recently been implicated in the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells. Aberrant Wnt signaling is considered to be a driver of metabolic alterations of glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and lipogenesis, processes essential to the survival of bulk and CSC populations. Over the past decade, the Wnt pathway has also been shown to regulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) and anti-cancer immunity. Wnt ligands released by tumor cells in the TME facilitate the immune evasion of cancer cells and hamper immunotherapy. In this review, we illustrate the role of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway in cancer metabolism and immunity to explore the potential therapeutic approach of targeting Wnt signaling from a metabolic and immunological perspective.
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115
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Li M, Chiang YL, Lyssiotis CA, Teater MR, Hong JY, Shen H, Wang L, Hu J, Jing H, Chen Z, Jain N, Duy C, Mistry SJ, Cerchietti L, Cross JR, Cantley LC, Green MR, Lin H, Melnick AM. Non-oncogene Addiction to SIRT3 Plays a Critical Role in Lymphomagenesis. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:916-931.e9. [PMID: 31185214 PMCID: PMC7534582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) are genetically heterogeneous and highly proliferative neoplasms derived from germinal center (GC) B cells. Here, we show that DLBCLs are dependent on mitochondrial lysine deacetylase SIRT3 for proliferation, survival, self-renewal, and tumor growth in vivo regardless of disease subtype and genetics. SIRT3 knockout attenuated B cell lymphomagenesis in VavP-Bcl2 mice without affecting normal GC formation. Mechanistically, SIRT3 depletion impaired glutamine flux to the TCA cycle via glutamate dehydrogenase and reduction in acetyl-CoA pools, which in turn induce autophagy and cell death. We developed a mitochondrial-targeted class I sirtuin inhibitor, YC8-02, which phenocopied the effects of SIRT3 depletion and killed DLBCL cells. SIRT3 is thus a metabolic non-oncogene addiction and therapeutic target for DLBCLs.
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MESH Headings
- Acetyl Coenzyme A/metabolism
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Autophagic Cell Death/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Citric Acid Cycle/drug effects
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Glutamine/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/enzymology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- MCF-7 Cells
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Signal Transduction
- Sirtuin 3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Sirtuin 3/deficiency
- Sirtuin 3/genetics
- Sirtuin 3/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ying-Ling Chiang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Matthew R Teater
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jun Young Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hui Jing
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Neeraj Jain
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Cihangir Duy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sucharita J Mistry
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Leandro Cerchietti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Justin R Cross
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael R Green
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Hening Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Ari M Melnick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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116
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Bott AJ, Maimouni S, Zong WX. The Pleiotropic Effects of Glutamine Metabolism in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E770. [PMID: 31167399 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic programs are known to be altered in cancers arising from various tissues. Malignant transformation can alter signaling pathways related to metabolism and increase the demand for both energy and biomass for the proliferating cancerous cells. This scenario is further complexed by the crosstalk between transformed cells and the microenvironment. One of the most common metabolic alterations, which occurs in many tissues and in the context of multiple oncogenic drivers, is the increased demand for the amino acid glutamine. Many studies have attributed this increased demand for glutamine to the carbon backbone and its role in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle anaplerosis. However, an increasing number of studies are now emphasizing the importance of glutamine functioning as a proteogenic building block, a nitrogen donor and carrier, an exchanger for import of other amino acids, and a signaling molecule. Herein, we highlight the recent literature on glutamine’s versatile role in cancer, with a focus on nitrogen metabolism, and therapeutic implications of glutamine metabolism in cancer.
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117
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An L, Peng LY, Sun NY, Yang YL, Zhang XW, Li B, Liu BL, Li P, Chen J. Tanshinone IIA Activates Nuclear Factor-Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 to Restrain Pulmonary Fibrosis via Regulation of Redox Homeostasis and Glutaminolysis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1831-1848. [PMID: 30105924 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is characterized by myofibroblast activation through oxidative stress. However, the precise regulation of myofibroblast transdifferentiation remains largely uncharacterized. RESULTS In this study, we found that tanshinone IIA (Tan-IIA), an active component in the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, can suppress reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated activation of myofibroblast and reduce extracellular matrix deposition in bleomycin (BLM)-challenged mice through the regulation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Additionally, Tan-IIA restored redox homeostasis by upregulating Nrf2 with NADPH oxidase 4 suppression and effectively prevented myofibroblast activation by blocking ROS-mediated protein kinase C delta (PKCδ)/Smad3 signaling. Nrf2 knockdown in the fibroblasts and the lungs of BLM-treated mice reduced the inhibitory effects of Tan-IIA, indicating the essential role of Nrf2 in the Tan-IIA activity. Tan-IIA impaired the binding of kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) to Nrf2 by promoting the degradation of Keap1 and thereby increasing Nrf2 induction by protecting Nrf2 stability against ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Importantly, we also found that the glutamate anaplerotic pathway was involved in energy generation and biosynthesis in activated myofibroblasts and their proliferation. Tan-IIA shunted glutaminolysis into glutathione (GSH) production by activating Nrf2, resulting in the reduction of glutamate availability for tricarboxylic acid cycle. Ultimately, myofibroblast activation was prevented by impairing cell proliferation. Innovation and Conclusion: In addition to the regulation of redox homeostasis, our work showed that Tan-IIA activated Nrf2/GSH signaling pathway to limit glutaminolysis in myofibroblast proliferation, which provided further insight into the critical function of Nrf2 in PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin An
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li-Ying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ning-Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bao-Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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118
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Rodríguez-Sánchez I, Munger J. Meal for Two: Human Cytomegalovirus-Induced Activation of Cellular Metabolism. Viruses 2019; 11:E273. [PMID: 30893762 DOI: 10.3390/v11030273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are parasites that depend on the host cell’s metabolic resources to provide the energy and molecular building blocks necessary for the production of viral progeny. It has become increasingly clear that viruses extensively modulate the cellular metabolic network to support productive infection. Here, we review the numerous ways through which human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) modulates cellular metabolism, highlighting known mechanisms of HCMV-mediated metabolic manipulation and identifying key outstanding questions that remain to be addressed.
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119
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Rajasinghe LD, Hutchings M, Gupta SV. Delta-Tocotrienol Modulates Glutamine Dependence by Inhibiting ASCT2 and LAT1 Transporters in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Cells: A Metabolomic Approach. Metabolites 2019; 9:E50. [PMID: 30871192 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9030050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth and development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) primarily depends on glutamine. Both glutamine and essential amino acids (EAAs) have been reported to upregulate mTOR in NSCLC, which is a bioenergetics sensor involved in the regulation of cell growth, cell survival, and protein synthesis. Seen as novel concepts in cancer development, ASCT2 and LAT transporters allow glutamine and EAAs to enter proliferating tumors as well as send a regulatory signal to mTOR. Blocking or downregulating these glutamine transporters in order to inhibit glutamine uptake would be an excellent therapeutic target for treatment of NSCLC. This study aimed to validate the metabolic dysregulation of glutamine and its derivatives in NSCLC using cellular 1H-NMR metabolomic approach while exploring the mechanism of delta-tocotrienol (δT) on glutamine transporters, and mTOR pathway. Cellular metabolomics analysis showed significant inhibition in the uptake of glutamine, its derivatives glutamate and glutathione, and some EAAs in both cell lines with δT treatment. Inhibition of glutamine transporters (ASCT2 and LAT1) and mTOR pathway proteins (P-mTOR and p-4EBP1) was evident in Western blot analysis in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that δT inhibits glutamine transporters, thus inhibiting glutamine uptake into proliferating cells, which results in the inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis via downregulation of the mTOR pathway.
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120
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Abstract
Notwithstanding the numerous drugs available for liver cancer, emerging evidence suggests that chemotherapeutic resistance is a significant issue. HGF and its receptor MET play critical roles in liver carcinogenesis and metastasis, mainly dependent on the activity of receptor tyrosine kinase. However, for unknown reasons, all HGF-MET kinase activity-targeted drugs have failed or have been suspended in clinical trials thus far. Macroautophagy/autophagy is a protective ‘self-eating’ process for resisting metabolic stress by recycling obsolete components, whereas the impact of autophagy-mediated reprogrammed metabolism on therapeutic resistance is largely unclear, especially in liver cancer. In the present study, we first observed that HGF stimulus facilitated the Warburg effect and glutaminolysis to promote biogenesis in multiple liver cancer cells. We then identified the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) and GLS/GLS1 as crucial substrates of HGF-activated MET kinase; MET-mediated phosphorylation inhibits PDHC activity but activates GLS to promote cancer cell metabolism and biogenesis. We further found that the key residues of kinase activity in MET (Y1234/1235) also constitute a conserved LC3-interacting region motif (Y1234-Y1235-x-V1237). Therefore, on inhibiting HGF-mediated MET kinase activation, Y1234/1235-dephosphorylated MET induced autophagy to maintain biogenesis for cancer cell survival. Moreover, we verified that Y1234/1235-dephosphorylated MET correlated with autophagy in clinical liver cancer. Finally, a combination of MET inhibitor and autophagy suppressor significantly improved the therapeutic efficiency of liver cancer in vitro and in mice. Together, our findings reveal an HGF-MET axis-coordinated functional interaction between tyrosine kinase signaling and autophagy, and establish a MET-autophagy double-targeted strategy to overcome chemotherapeutic resistance in liver cancer. Abbreviations: ALDO: aldolase, fructose-bisphosphate; CQ: chloroquine; DLAT/PDCE2: dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition; ENO: enolase; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GLS/GLS1: glutaminase; GLUL/GS: glutamine-ammonia ligase; GPI/PGI: glucose-6-phosphate isomerase; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; HGF: hepatocyte growth factor; HK: hexokinase; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; LIHC: liver hepatocellular carcinoma; LIR: LC3-interacting region; PDH: pyruvate dehydrogenase; PDHA1: pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 alpha 1 subunit; PDHX: pyruvate dehydrogenase complex component X; PFK: phosphofructokinase; PK: pyruvate kinase; RTK: receptor tyrosine kinase; TCGA: The Cancer Genome Atlas
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Huang
- a The Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province , First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China.,b The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease , Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,c The Therapeutic Antibody Research Center of SEU-Alphamab , Southeast University , Nanjing , China
| | - Guangming Gan
- b The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease , Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- c The Therapeutic Antibody Research Center of SEU-Alphamab , Southeast University , Nanjing , China
| | - Ting Xu
- b The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease , Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,c The Therapeutic Antibody Research Center of SEU-Alphamab , Southeast University , Nanjing , China
| | - Wei Xie
- b The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease , Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,c The Therapeutic Antibody Research Center of SEU-Alphamab , Southeast University , Nanjing , China
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121
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Wang H, Lu J, Kulkarni S, Zhang W, Gorka JE, Mandel JA, Goetzman ES, Prochownik EV. Metabolic and oncogenic adaptations to pyruvate dehydrogenase inactivation in fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:5466-5486. [PMID: 30755479 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cell metabolism consists of processes that generate available energy, such as glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation (Oxphos), and those that consume it, including macromolecular synthesis, the maintenance of ionic gradients, and cellular detoxification. By converting pyruvate to acetyl-CoA (AcCoA), the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex (PDC) links glycolysis and the TCA cycle. Surprisingly, disrupting the connection between glycolysis and the TCA cycle by inactivation of PDC has only minor effects on cell replication. However, the molecular basis for this metabolic re-equilibration is unclear. We report here that CRISPR/Cas9-generated PDH-knockout (PDH-KO) rat fibroblasts reprogrammed their metabolism and their response to short-term c-Myc (Myc) oncoprotein overexpression. PDH-KO cells replicated normally but produced surprisingly little lactate. They also exhibited higher rates of glycolysis and Oxphos. In addition, PDH-KO cells showed altered cytoplasmic and mitochondrial pH, redox states, and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨM). Conditionally activated Myc expression affected some of these parameters in a PDH-dependent manner. PDH-KO cells had increased oxygen consumption rates in response to glutamate, but not to malate, and were depleted in all TCA cycle substrates between α-ketoglutarate and malate despite high rates of glutaminolysis, as determined by flux studies with isotopically labeled glutamine. Malate and pyruvate were diverted to produce aspartate, thereby potentially explaining the failure to accumulate lactate. We conclude that PDH-KO cells maintain proliferative capacity by utilizing glutamine to supply high rates of AcCoA-independent flux through the bottom portion of the TCA cycle while accumulating pyruvate and aspartate that rescue their redox defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabo Wang
- From the Section of Hematology/Oncology and
| | - Jie Lu
- From the Section of Hematology/Oncology and
| | | | | | | | | | - Eric S Goetzman
- Division of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Edward V Prochownik
- From the Section of Hematology/Oncology and .,the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, and.,the The Hillman Cancer Center of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232
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122
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Prusinkiewicz MA, Mymryk JS. Metabolic Reprogramming of the Host Cell by Human Adenovirus Infection. Viruses 2019; 11:E141. [PMID: 30744016 PMCID: PMC6409786 DOI: 10.3390/v11020141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that alter many cellular processes to create an environment optimal for viral replication. Reprogramming of cellular metabolism is an important, yet underappreciated feature of many viral infections, as this ensures that the energy and substrates required for viral replication are available in abundance. Human adenovirus (HAdV), which is the focus of this review, is a small DNA tumor virus that reprograms cellular metabolism in a variety of ways. It is well known that HAdV infection increases glucose uptake and fermentation to lactate in a manner resembling the Warburg effect observed in many cancer cells. However, HAdV infection induces many other metabolic changes. In this review, we integrate the findings from a variety of proteomic and transcriptomic studies to understand the subtleties of metabolite and metabolic pathway control during HAdV infection. We review how the E4ORF1 protein of HAdV enacts some of these changes and summarize evidence for reprogramming of cellular metabolism by the viral E1A protein. Therapies targeting altered metabolism are emerging as cancer treatments, and similar targeting of aberrant components of virally reprogrammed metabolism could have clinical antiviral applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Prusinkiewicz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Joe S Mymryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
- London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6C 2R5, Canada.
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123
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Zhou X, Yang X, Sun X, Xu X, Li X, Guo Y, Wang J, Li X, Yao L, Wang H, Shen L. Effect of PTEN loss on metabolic reprogramming in prostate cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:2856-66. [PMID: 30854061 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.9932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor gene PTEN is one of the most often deleted genes in human prostate cancer. Loss of PTEN is an important event in prostate carcinogenesis. Metabolic reprogramming induced by PTEN loss fuels malignant growth and proliferation of prostate cancer cells. Targeted metabolomics analysis was used to investigate the effects of PTEN loss on intracellular metabolic pathways in prostate cancer cells. DU-145 cells were transfected with PTEN siRNAs (siRNA-1 and siRNA-2) for 48 h, and endogenous PTEN expression was monitored by western blotting. Changes in intracellular metabolites were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass chromatography (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Most intracellular metabolites involved in glycolysis and glutaminolysis were increased in PTEN knockdown prostate cancer cells. In addition, most intracellular metabolites involved in fatty acid de novo synthesis, fatty acid beta oxidation and branched chain amino acid catabolism were also increased in PTEN knockdown prostate cancer cells. These results revealed that PTEN loss induced the metabolic reprogramming of prostate cancer cells and promoted the malignant proliferation of prostate cancer cells. The present metabolomics analysis indicates that tumor suppressor gene PTEN mutation or deletion can induce metabolic reprogramming in prostate cancer cells and tumorigenesis by altering the metabolic flux of glycolysis, glutaminolysis, fatty acid metabolism and branched chain amino acid catabolism pathways. Metabolic reprogramming is one of the contributors to PTEN-loss driven prostate cancer.
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Vanhove K, Derveaux E, Graulus GJ, Mesotten L, Thomeer M, Noben JP, Guedens W, Adriaensens P. Glutamine Addiction and Therapeutic Strategies in Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E252. [PMID: 30634602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer cells are well-documented to rewire their metabolism and energy production networks to support rapid survival and proliferation. This metabolic reorganization has been recognized as a hallmark of cancer. The increased uptake of glucose and the increased activity of the glycolytic pathway have been extensively described. However, over the past years, increasing evidence has shown that lung cancer cells also require glutamine to fulfill their metabolic needs. As a nitrogen source, glutamine contributes directly (or indirectly upon conversion to glutamate) to many anabolic processes in cancer, such as the biosynthesis of amino acids, nucleobases, and hexosamines. It plays also an important role in the redox homeostasis, and last but not least, upon conversion to α-ketoglutarate, glutamine is an energy and anaplerotic carbon source that replenishes tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. The latter is generally indicated as glutaminolysis. In this review, we explore the role of glutamine metabolism in lung cancer. Because lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death with limited curative treatment options, we focus on the potential therapeutic approaches targeting the glutamine metabolism in cancer.
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125
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Jiang Z, Zhang C, Gan L, Jia Y, Xiong Y, Chen Y, Wang Z, Wang L, Luo H, Li J, Zhu R, Ji X, Yu Q, Wang L. iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomics Approach Identifies Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers That Were Essential for Glutamine Metabolism and Redox Homeostasis for Gastric Cancer. Proteomics Clin Appl 2019; 13:e1800038. [PMID: 30485682 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201800038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To screen the novel biomarkers for gastric cancer and to determine the values of glutaminase 1 (GLS1) and gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase (GGCT) for detecting gastric cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A discovery group of four paired gastric cancer tissue samples are labeled with Isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation agents and identified with LC-ESI-MS/MS. A validation group of 168 gastric cancer samples and 30 healthy controls are used to validate the expression of GLS1 and GGCT. RESULTS Four hundred and thirty-one proteins are found differentially expressed in gastric cancer tissues. Of these proteins, GLS1 and GGCT are found overexpressed in gastric cancer patients, with sensitivity of 75.6% (95% CI: 69-82.2%) and specificity of 81% (95% CI: 75-87%) for GLS1, and with sensitivity of 63.1% (95% CI: 55.7-71.5%) and specificity of 60.7% (95% CI: 53.3-68.2%) for GGCT. The co-expression of GLS1 and GGCT in gastric cancer tissues has sensitivity of 78.1% (95% CI: 70.1-86.1%) and specificity of 86.5% (95% CI: 79.5-93.4%). Moreover, both GLS1 and GGCT present higher expression of 82.6% (95% CI: 68.5-99.4%) and 73.9% (95% CI: 54.5-93.3%) in lymph node metastasis specimen than those in non-lymph node metastasis specimen. The areas under ROC curves are up to 0.734 for the co-expression of GLS1 and GGCT in gastric cancer. The co-expression of GLS1 and GGCT is strongly associated with histological grade, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The present study provides the quantitative proteomic analysis of gastric cancer tissues to identify prognostic biomarkers of gastric cancer. The co-expression level of GLS1 and GGCT is of great clinical value to serve as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for early gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry, Nanchong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Drugs and Biological Products, School of Preclinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical, College, Nanchong, 637100, P. R. China
| | - Chenghua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, P. R. China
| | - Li Gan
- Department of Anatomy, School of Preclinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, P. R. China
| | - Yuewang Jia
- Department of Biochemistry, Nanchong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Drugs and Biological Products, School of Preclinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical, College, Nanchong, 637100, P. R. China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry, Nanchong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Drugs and Biological Products, School of Preclinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical, College, Nanchong, 637100, P. R. China
| | - Yujiang Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Nanchong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Drugs and Biological Products, School of Preclinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical, College, Nanchong, 637100, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Nanchong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Drugs and Biological Products, School of Preclinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical, College, Nanchong, 637100, P. R. China
| | - Linfeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Nanchong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Drugs and Biological Products, School of Preclinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical, College, Nanchong, 637100, P. R. China
| | - Hao Luo
- Department of Biochemistry, Nanchong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Drugs and Biological Products, School of Preclinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical, College, Nanchong, 637100, P. R. China
| | - Juexi Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Nanchong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Drugs and Biological Products, School of Preclinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical, College, Nanchong, 637100, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, Nanchong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Drugs and Biological Products, School of Preclinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical, College, Nanchong, 637100, P. R. China
| | - Xingli Ji
- Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, P. R. China
| | - Qin Yu
- Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, P. R. China
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Xia X, Zhou W, Guo C, Fu Z, Zhu L, Li P, Xu Y, Zheng L, Zhang H, Shan C, Gao Y. Glutaminolysis Mediated by MALT1 Protease Activity Facilitates PD-L1 Expression on ABC-DLBCL Cells and Contributes to Their Immune Evasion. Front Oncol 2018; 8:632. [PMID: 30619766 PMCID: PMC6305595 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that programmed death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) expressed in an aggressive activated B-cell (ABC)/non-germinal center B cell–like (GCB) subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is associated with inhibition of the tumor-associated T cell response. However, the molecular mechanism underlying PD-L1 expression in ABC-DLBCL remains unclear. Here, we report that MALT1 protease activity is required for ABC-DLBCL cells to evade cytotoxity of Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes by generating substantial PD-L1+ ABC-DLBCL cells. While, NF-κB was dispensable for the PD-L1 expression induced by MALT1 protease activity in ABC-DLBCL cells. Furthermore, we showed that GLS1 expression was profoundly reduced by MALT1 protease activity inhibition, which resulted in insufficiency of glutaminolysis-derived mitochondrial bioenergetics. Activation of the PD-L1 transcription factor STAT3, which was strongly suppressed by glutaminolysis blockade, was rescued in a TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle-dependent manner by glutamate addition. Collectively, MALT1 protease activity coupled with glutaminolysis-derived mitochondrial bioenergetics plays an essential role in PD-L1 expression on ABC-DLBCL cells under immunosurveillance stress. Thus, our research sheds light on a mechanism underlying PD-L1 expression and highlights a potential therapeutic target to vanquish immune evasion by ABC-DLBCL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichun Xia
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengbin Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Fu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leqing Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangyan Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changliang Shan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfei Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
Activation of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) involves the transition from a quiescent to a proliferative, migratory, and fibrogenic phenotype (i.e., myofibroblast), which is characteristic of liver fibrogenesis. Multiple cellular and molecular signals which contribute to HSC activation have been identified. This review specially focuses on the metabolic changes which impact on HSC activation and fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hou
- Tianjin Second People's Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin, China.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
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128
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Basit F, Mathan T, Sancho D, de Vries IJM. Human Dendritic Cell Subsets Undergo Distinct Metabolic Reprogramming for Immune Response. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2489. [PMID: 30455688 PMCID: PMC6230993 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists induce metabolic reprogramming, which is required for immune activation. We have investigated mechanisms that regulate metabolic adaptation upon TLR-stimulation in human blood DC subsets, CD1c+ myeloid DCs (mDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). We show that TLR-stimulation changes expression of genes regulating oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glutamine metabolism in pDC. TLR-stimulation increases mitochondrial content and intracellular glutamine in an autophagy-dependent manner in pDC. TLR-induced glutaminolysis fuels OXPHOS in pDCs. Notably, inhibition of glutaminolysis and OXPHOS prevents pDC activation. Conversely, TLR-stimulation reduces mitochondrial content, OXPHOS activity and induces glycolysis in CD1c+ mDC. Inhibition of mitochondrial fragmentation or promotion of mitochondrial fusion impairs TLR-stimulation induced glycolysis and activation of CD1c+ mDCs. TLR-stimulation triggers BNIP3-dependent mitophagy, which regulates transcriptional activity of AMPKα1. BNIP3-dependent mitophagy is required for induction of glycolysis and activation of CD1c+ mDCs. Our findings reveal that TLR stimulation differentially regulates mitochondrial dynamics in distinct human DC subsets, which contributes to their activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Basit
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Till Mathan
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - David Sancho
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Jolanda M de Vries
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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129
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Wang L, Yang X, Li D, Liang Z, Chen Y, Ma G, Wang Y, Li Y, Liang Y, Niu H. The elevated glutaminolysis of bladder cancer and T cells in a simulated tumor microenvironment contributes to the up-regulation of PD-L1 expression by interferon-γ. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:7229-7243. [PMID: 30425515 PMCID: PMC6203092 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s180505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic reprogramming occurs in the tumor microenvironment and influences the survival and function of tumor and immune cells. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) produced by T cells up-regulates PD-L1 expression in tumors. However, reports regarding the relationship between nutrient metabolism and the up-regulation of PD-L1 expression are lacking. Materials and methods In this paper, we analyzed the metabolic changes in T cells and bladder cancer cells in a simulated tumor microenvironment to provide evidence regarding their relevance to PD-L1 up-regulation. Results The glutaminolysis was increased in both activated T cells and glucose-deprived T cells. IFN-γ production by T cells was decreased in a glucose-free medium and severely decreased when cells were simultaneously deprived of glutamine. Furthermore, the glutaminolysis of the bladder cancer cells under glucose deprivation exhibited a compensatory elevation. The glucose concentration of T cells co-cultured with bladder cancer cells was decreased and T cell proliferation was reduced, but IFN-γ production and glutaminolysis were increased. However, in bladder cancer cells, the elevation in glutaminolysis under co-culture conditions did not compensate for glucose deprivation because the glucose concentration in the culture medium did not significantly differ between the cultures with and without T cells. Our data also show that inhibiting glutamine metabolism in bladder cancer cells could reduce the elevation in PD-L1 expression induced by IFN-γ. Conclusion In a simulated tumor microenvironment, elevated glutaminolysis may play an essential role in IFN-γ production by T cells, ultimately improving the high PD-L1 expression, and also directly contributing to producing more PD-L1 in bladder cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China,
| | - Xuecheng Yang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China, ;
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China,
| | - Zhijuan Liang
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China,
| | - Yuanbin Chen
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China,
| | - Guofeng Ma
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China, ;
| | - Yonghua Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China, ;
| | - Yongxin Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Ye Liang
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China,
| | - Haitao Niu
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China, .,Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China, ;
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130
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Chi PI, Huang WR, Chiu HC, Li JY, Nielsen BL, Liu HJ. Avian reovirus σA-modulated suppression of lactate dehydrogenase and upregulation of glutaminolysis and the mTOC1/eIF4E/HIF-1α pathway to enhance glycolysis and the TCA cycle for virus replication. Cell Microbiol 2018; 20:e12946. [PMID: 30156372 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an energy source for many types of viruses for facilitating virus replication. This is the first report to demonstrate that the structural protein σA of avian reovirus (ARV) functions as an activator of cellular energy. Three cellular factors, isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 subunit beta (IDH3B), lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), and vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (vATPase) co-immunoprecipitated with ARV σA and were identified by 2D-LC/MS/MS. ARV enhances glycolytic flux through upregulation of glycolytic enzymes. Increased ATP levels in both ARV-infected and σA-transfected cells were observed by a fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based genetically encoded indicator, Ateams. Furthermore, σA upregulates IDH3B and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) to promote glutaminolysis, activating HIF-1α. Both HIF-1α level and viral yield in IDH3B-depleted and glutamine-deprived cells, and inhibition of glutaminolysis was significantly reduced. The σAR155/273A mutant loses its ability to enter the nucleolus, impairing its ability to regulate glycolysis. In addition, we have identified the conserved untranslated regions (UTR) of the 5'- and 3'-termini of the ARV genome segments that are required for viral protein synthesis in an ATP-dependent manner. Deletion of either the 5'- or 3'-UTR impaired viral protein synthesis. Knockdown of σA reduced the ATP level and significantly decreased virus yield, suggesting that σA enhances ATP formation to promote virus replication. Collectively, this study provides novel insights into σA-modulated suppression of LDHA and activation of IDH3B and GDH to activate the mTORC1/eIF4E/HIF-1α pathways to upregulate glycolysis and the TCA cycle for virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-I Chi
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ru Huang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chuan Chiu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jyun-Yi Li
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Brent L Nielsen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Hung-Jen Liu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,PhD Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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131
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Moloughney JG, Vega-Cotto NM, Liu S, Patel C, Kim PK, Wu CC, Albaciete D, Magaway C, Chang A, Rajput S, Su X, Werlen G, Jacinto E. mTORC2 modulates the amplitude and duration of GFAT1 Ser-243 phosphorylation to maintain flux through the hexosamine pathway during starvation. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:16464-16478. [PMID: 30201609 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) controls metabolic pathways in response to nutrients. Recently, we have shown that mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) modulates the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) by promoting the expression of the key enzyme of the HBP, glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase 1 (GFAT1). Here, we found that GFAT1 Ser-243 phosphorylation is also modulated in an mTORC2-dependent manner. In response to glutamine limitation, active mTORC2 prolongs the duration of Ser-243 phosphorylation, albeit at lower amplitude. Blocking glycolysis using 2-deoxyglucose robustly enhances Ser-243 phosphorylation, correlating with heightened mTORC2 activation, increased AMPK activity, and O-GlcNAcylation. However, when 2-deoxyglucose is combined with glutamine deprivation, GFAT1 Ser-243 phosphorylation and mTORC2 activation remain elevated, whereas AMPK activation and O-GlcNAcylation diminish. Phosphorylation at Ser-243 promotes GFAT1 expression and production of GFAT1-generated metabolites including ample production of the HBP end-product, UDP-GlcNAc, despite nutrient starvation. Hence, we propose that the mTORC2-mediated increase in GFAT1 Ser-243 phosphorylation promotes flux through the HBP to maintain production of UDP-GlcNAc when nutrients are limiting. Our findings provide insights on how the HBP is reprogrammed via mTORC2 in nutrient-addicted cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G Moloughney
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 and
| | - Nicole M Vega-Cotto
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 and
| | - Sharon Liu
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 and
| | - Chadni Patel
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 and
| | - Peter K Kim
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 and
| | - Chang-Chih Wu
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 and
| | - Danielle Albaciete
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 and
| | - Cedric Magaway
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 and
| | - Austin Chang
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 and
| | - Swati Rajput
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 and
| | - Xiaoyang Su
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Guy Werlen
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 and
| | - Estela Jacinto
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 and
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Bilz NC, Jahn K, Lorenz M, Lüdtke A, Hübschen JM, Geyer H, Mankertz A, Hübner D, Liebert UG, Claus C. Rubella Viruses Shift Cellular Bioenergetics to a More Oxidative and Glycolytic Phenotype with a Strain-Specific Requirement for Glutamine. J Virol 2018; 92:e00934-18. [PMID: 29950419 PMCID: PMC6096829 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00934-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The flexible regulation of cellular metabolic pathways enables cellular adaptation to changes in energy demand under conditions of stress such as posed by a virus infection. To analyze such an impact on cellular metabolism, rubella virus (RV) was used in this study. RV replication under selected substrate supplementation with glucose, pyruvate, and glutamine as essential nutrients for mammalian cells revealed its requirement for glutamine. The assessment of the mitochondrial respiratory (based on the oxygen consumption rate) and glycolytic (based on the extracellular acidification rate) rate and capacity by respective stress tests through Seahorse technology enabled determination of the bioenergetic phenotype of RV-infected cells. Irrespective of the cellular metabolic background, RV infection induced a shift of the bioenergetic state of epithelial cells (Vero and A549) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells to a higher oxidative and glycolytic level. Interestingly there was a RV strain-specific, but genotype-independent demand for glutamine to induce a significant increase in metabolic activity. While glutaminolysis appeared to be rather negligible for RV replication, glutamine could serve as donor of its amide nitrogen in biosynthesis pathways for important metabolites. This study suggests that the capacity of RVs to induce metabolic alterations could evolve differently during natural infection. Thus, changes in cellular bioenergetics represent an important component of virus-host interactions and could complement our understanding of the viral preference for a distinct host cell population.IMPORTANCE RV pathologies, especially during embryonal development, could be connected with its impact on mitochondrial metabolism. With bioenergetic phenotyping we pursued a rather novel approach in virology. For the first time it was shown that a virus infection could shift the bioenergetics of its infected host cell to a higher energetic state. Notably, the capacity to induce such alterations varied among different RV isolates. Thus, our data add viral adaptation of cellular metabolic activity to its specific needs as a novel aspect to virus-host evolution. In addition, this study emphasizes the implementation of different viral strains in the study of virus-host interactions and the use of bioenergetic phenotyping of infected cells as a biomarker for virus-induced pathological alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Bilz
- Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristin Jahn
- Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Anja Lüdtke
- Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Judith M Hübschen
- WHO European Regional Reference Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg
| | - Henriette Geyer
- WHO European Regional Reference Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Mankertz
- WHO European Regional Reference Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Denise Hübner
- Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe G Liebert
- Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Claus
- Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Zhang K, Wu L, Zhang P, Luo M, Du J, Gao T, O'Connell D, Wang G, Wang H, Yang Y. miR-9 regulates ferroptosis by targeting glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase GOT1 in melanoma. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:1566-1576. [PMID: 30035324 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a recently recognized form of regulated cell death driven by lipid-based reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. However, the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis regulation are still largely unknown. Here we identified a novel miRNA, miR-9, as an important regulator of ferroptosis by directly targeting GOT1 in melanoma cells. Overexpression of miR-9 suppressed GOT1 by directly binding to its 3'-UTR, which subsequently reduced erastin- and RSL3-induced ferroptosis. Conversely, suppression of miR-9 increased the sensitivity of melanoma cells to erastin and RSL3. Importantly, anti-miR-9 mediated lipid ROS accumulation and ferroptotic cell death could be abrogated by inhibiting glutaminolysis process. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that miR-9 regulates ferroptosis by targeting GOT1 in melanoma cells, illustrating the important role of miRNA in ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Longfei Wu
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Meiying Luo
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Du
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Tongtong Gao
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Douglas O'Connell
- Department of Medicine, UC Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, California
| | - Gaoyang Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yongfei Yang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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134
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Bröer A, Fairweather S, Bröer S. Disruption of Amino Acid Homeostasis by Novel ASCT2 Inhibitors Involves Multiple Targets. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:785. [PMID: 30072900 PMCID: PMC6060247 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The glutamine transporter ASCT2 (SLC1A5) is actively investigated as an oncological target, but the field lacks efficient ASCT2 inhibitors. A new group of ASCT2 inhibitors, 2-amino-4-bis(aryloxybenzyl)aminobutanoic acids (AABA), were developed recently and shown to suppress tumor growth in preclinical in vivo models. To test its specificity, we deleted ASCT2 in two human cancer cell lines. Surprisingly, growth of parental and ASCT2-knockout cells was equally sensitive to AABA compounds. AABA compounds inhibited glutamine transport in cells lacking ASCT2, but not in parental cells. Deletion of ASCT2 and amino acid (AA) depletion induced expression of SNAT2 (SLC38A2), the activity of which was inhibited by AABA compounds. They also potently inhibited isoleucine uptake via LAT1 (SLC7A5), a transporter that is upregulated in cancer cells together with ASCT2. Inhibition of SNAT2 and LAT1 was confirmed by recombinant expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes. The reported reduction of tumor growth in pre-clinical models may be explained by a significant disruption of AA homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Bröer
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Stephen Fairweather
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Stefan Bröer
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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135
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Ge J, Cui H, Xie N, Banerjee S, Guo S, Dubey S, Barnes S, Liu G. Glutaminolysis Promotes Collagen Translation and Stability via α-Ketoglutarate-mediated mTOR Activation and Proline Hydroxylation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:378-390. [PMID: 29019707 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0238oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutaminolysis is the metabolic process of glutamine, aberration of which has been implicated in several pathogeneses. Although we and others recently found a diversity of metabolic dysregulation in organ fibrosis, it is unknown if glutaminolysis regulates the profibrotic activities of myofibroblasts, the primary effector in this pathology. In this study, we found that lung myofibroblasts demonstrated significantly augmented glutaminolysis that was mediated by elevated glutaminase 1 (Gls1). Inhibition of glutaminolysis by specific Gls1 inhibitors CB-839 and BPTES as well as Gls1 siRNA blunted the expression of collagens but not that of fibronectin, elastin, or myofibroblastic marker smooth muscle actin-α. We found that glutaminolysis enhanced collagen translation and stability, which were mediated by glutaminolysis-dependent mTOR complex 1 activation and collagen proline hydroxylation, respectively. Furthermore, we found that the amount of the glutaminolytic end product α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) was increased in myofibroblasts. Similar to glutaminolysis, α-KG activated mTOR complex 1 and promoted the expression of collagens but not of fibronectin, elastin, or smooth muscle actin-α. α-KG also remarkably inhibited collagen degradation in fibroblasts. Taken together, our studies identified a previously unrecognized mechanism by which a major metabolic program regulates the exuberant production of collagens in myofibroblasts and suggest that glutaminolysis is a novel therapeutic target for treating organ fibrosis, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ge
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and.,2 Department of Geriatrics and Institute of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Huachun Cui
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Na Xie
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Sami Banerjee
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Sijia Guo
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and.,3 Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shubham Dubey
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Stephen Barnes
- 4 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gang Liu
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
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136
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Alameddine AK, Conlin FT, Binnall BJ, Alameddine YA, Alameddine KO. How do cancer cells replenish their fuel supply? Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2018; 1:e1003. [PMID: 32729259 PMCID: PMC7941513 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple genetic changes, availability of cellular nutrients and metabolic alterations play a pivotal role in oncogenesis AIMS: We focus on cancer cell's metabolic properties, and we outline the cross talks between cellular oncogenic growth pathways in cancer metabolism. The review also provides a synopsis of the relevant cancer drugs targeting metabolic activities that are at various stages of clinical development. METHODS We review literature published within the last decade to include select articles that have highlighted energy metabolism crucial to the development of cancer phenotypes. RESULTS Cancer cells maintain their potent metabolism and keep a balanced redox status by enhancing glycolysis and autophagy and rerouting Krebs cycle intermediates and products of β-oxydation. CONCLUSIONS The processes underlying cancer pathogenesis are extremely complex and remain elusive. The new field of systems biology provides a mathematical framework in which these homeostatic dysregulation principles may be examined for better understanding of cancer phenotypes. Knowledge of key players in cancer-related metabolic reprograming may pave the way for new therapeutic metabolism-targeted drugs and ultimately improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frederick T. Conlin
- AnesthesiologyBaystate Medical CenterSpringfieldMAUSA
- University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Brian J. Binnall
- Division of Cardiac SurgeryBaystate Medical CenterSpringfieldMAUSA
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137
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Islam RA, Hossain S, Chowdhury EH. Potential Therapeutic Targets in Energy Metabolism Pathways of Breast Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2018; 17:707-721. [PMID: 28359244 DOI: 10.2174/1568009617666170330150458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes make cancer cells proliferate indefinitely. As they possess almost all mechanisms for cell proliferation and survival like healthy cells, it is difficult to specifically target cancer cells in the body. Current treatments in most of the cases are harmful to healthy cells as well. Thus, it would be of great prudence to target specific characters of cancer cells. Since cancer cells avidly use glucose and glutamine to survive and proliferate by upregulating the relevant enzymes and their specific isoforms having important regulatory roles, it has been of great interest recently to target the energy-related metabolic pathways as part of the therapeutic interventions. OBJECTIVE This paper summarizes the isozymes overexpressed in breast cancer, their roles of energy metabolism and cross-talks with other important signaling pathways in regulating proliferation, invasion and metastasis in breast cancer. METHOD Information has been collected from recently published literature available on Google Scholar and PubMed. Where available, in vivo results were given more importance over in vitro works. RESULT Like many other cancers, breast cancer shows increased dependence on glycolysis rather than mitochondrial respiration, the main energy source in healthy cells. Cancer cells alter the cellular energy system in a way that helps minimize level of reactive oxygen species and simultaneously produce enough macromolecules- proteins, lipids and nucleotides for cellular proliferation. The altered system enables the cells to grow, proliferate, metastasize and to develop drug resistance. Certain isozymes of metabolic enzymes are overexpressed in breast cancer and the degree of expression of these enzymes vary among subtypes. CONCLUSION A clear understanding of the variations of energy metabolism in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer would help in treating each type with a very customized, safer and efficient treatment regimen. Anti-cancer drugs or RNAi or combination of both targeting cancer cell specific isozymes of metabolic enzymes mentioned in this article could offer a great treatment modality for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowshan Ara Islam
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor. Malaysia
| | | | - Ezharul Hoque Chowdhury
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, MONASH University. Malaysia
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138
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Momcilovic M, Bailey ST, Lee JT, Fishbein MC, Braas D, Go J, Graeber TG, Parlati F, Demo S, Li R, Walser TC, Gricowski M, Shuman R, Ibarra J, Fridman D, Phelps ME, Badran K, St John M, Bernthal NM, Federman N, Yanagawa J, Dubinett SM, Sadeghi S, Christofk HR, Shackelford DB. The GSK3 Signaling Axis Regulates Adaptive Glutamine Metabolism in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Cell 2018; 33:905-921.e5. [PMID: 29763624 PMCID: PMC6451645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Altered metabolism is a hallmark of cancer growth, forming the conceptual basis for development of metabolic therapies as cancer treatments. We performed in vivo metabolic profiling and molecular analysis of lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) to identify metabolic nodes for therapeutic targeting. Lung SCCs adapt to chronic mTOR inhibition and suppression of glycolysis through the GSK3α/β signaling pathway, which upregulates glutaminolysis. Phospho-GSK3α/β protein levels are predictive of response to single-therapy mTOR inhibition while combinatorial treatment with the glutaminase inhibitor CB-839 effectively overcomes therapy resistance. In addition, we identified a conserved metabolic signature in a broad spectrum of hypermetabolic human tumors that may be predictive of patient outcome and response to combined metabolic therapies targeting mTOR and glutaminase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Momcilovic
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sean T Bailey
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jason T Lee
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael C Fishbein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Daniel Braas
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA Metabolomics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - James Go
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Thomas G Graeber
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA Metabolomics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Susan Demo
- Calithera Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tonya C Walser
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Robert Shuman
- Memorial Care Health System, Long Beach, CA 90806, USA
| | - Julio Ibarra
- Memorial Care Health System, Long Beach, CA 90806, USA
| | - Deborah Fridman
- Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian, Newport Beach, CA 92663, USA
| | - Michael E Phelps
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Karam Badran
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Maie St John
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nicholas M Bernthal
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Noah Federman
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jane Yanagawa
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Thoracic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Steven M Dubinett
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Saman Sadeghi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Heather R Christofk
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA Metabolomics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David B Shackelford
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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139
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Li J, Song P, Zhu L, Aziz N, Zhou Q, Zhang Y, Xu W, Feng L, Chen D, Wang X, Jin H. Synthetic lethality of glutaminolysis inhibition, autophagy inactivation and asparagine depletion in colon cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:42664-42672. [PMID: 28424408 PMCID: PMC5522096 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells reprogram metabolism to coordinate their rapid growth. They addict on glutamine metabolism for adenosine triphosphate generation and macromolecule biosynthesis. In this study, we report that glutamine deprivation retarded cell growth and induced prosurvival autophagy. Autophagy inhibition by chloroquine significantly enhanced glutamine starvation induced growth inhibition and apoptosis activation. Asparagine deprivation by L-asparaginase exacerbated growth inhibition induced by glutamine starvation and autophagy blockage. Similar to glutamine starvation, inhibition of glutamine metabolism with a chemical inhibitor currently under clinical evaluation was synthetically lethal with chloroquine and L-asparaginase, drugs approved for the treatment of malaria and leukemia, respectively. In conclusion, inhibiting glutaminolysis was synthetically lethal with autophagy inhibition and asparagine depletion. Therefore, targeting glutaminolysis could be a promising approach for colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqiu Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Runrun Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Runrun Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Runrun Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liyuan Zhu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Runrun Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Neelum Aziz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Runrun Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiyin Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Runrun Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yulong Zhang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Runrun Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxia Xu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Runrun Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lifeng Feng
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Runrun Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dingwei Chen
- Department of Surgery, Sir Runrun Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Runrun Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongchuan Jin
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Runrun Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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140
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Liu X, Wang L, Jiang W, Lu W, Yang J, Yang W. B cell lymphoma with different metabolic characteristics show distinct sensitivities to metabolic inhibitors. J Cancer 2018; 9:1582-1591. [PMID: 29760796 PMCID: PMC5950587 DOI: 10.7150/jca.24331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Cancer cells exhibit profound alterations in their metabolism (abnormal glucose and glutamine metabolism). Targeting cancer metabolism is a promising therapeutic strategy. Lymphoma can be classified into many different types and it is very complicated. Therefore, in this paper, we want to know whether the B cell lymphoma cells with different metabolic characteristics have distinct sensitivities to metabolic inhibitors. Methods: We classified 9 B cell lymphoma cell lines into different metabolic subtypes according to the dependency on glutamine and glucose. Then we detected the OCR, ECAR, glucose consumption and lactate production, mitochondrial content and growth rate. And we also determined the IC50 of these 9 cell lines to metabolic inhibitors. Results: According to the dependency on glutamine and glucose, we successfully classified three distinct metabolic subtypes in B cell lymphoma cell lines, one subtype was defined glutamine and glucose equally utilized subtype (GLN=Glu), whereas the other two subtypes were GLN-addicted and Glu-dependent. And these three subtypes showed striking differences in glucose and glutamine utilization, glycolysis and mitochondrial function, and proliferation rate. GLN-addicted and Glu-dependence subtypes also showed differences in cell sensitivity to inhibitors of glutamine and glycolysis metabolism, respectively. However, GLN=Glu subtype seems minimal sensitive to glycolytic and glutaminolytic inhibitors, and with high proliferation rate. Conclusions: The cells rely more on glucose/gltamine have a stronger sensitivity to glucose/glutamine depletion or glycolysis/ glutaminolysis inhibition and a lessened sensitivity to glutaminolysis/glycolysis inhibitors. To target tumor metabolism based on metabolic characteristics may provide a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of B cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Liu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Weiye Jiang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China
| | - Wenhua Lu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China
| | - Wenbiao Yang
- Beijing Zhongkang of Chinese and Western medicine hospital, Beijing, 100077, P.R. China
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141
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Abstract
Among all the adaptations of cancer cells, their ability to change metabolism from the oxidative to the glycolytic phenotype is a hallmark called the Warburg effect. Studies on tumor metabolism show that improved glycolysis and glutaminolysis are necessary to maintain rapid cell proliferation, tumor progression, and resistance to cell death. Thyroid neoplasms are common endocrine tumors that are more prevalent in women and elderly individuals. The incidence of thyroid cancer has increased in the Past decades, and recent findings describing the metabolic profiles of thyroid tumors have emerged. Currently, several drugs are in development or clinical trials that target the altered metabolic pathways of tumors are undergoing. We present a review of the metabolic reprogramming in cancerous thyroid tissues with a focus on the factors that promote enhanced glycolysis and the possible identification of promising metabolic targets in thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Guimaraes Coelho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S. Fortunato
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Denise P. Carvalho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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142
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Abstract
The recovery of physiological functionality, which is commonly seen in tissue mimetic three-dimensional (3D) cellular aggregates (organoids, spheroids, acini, etc.), has been observed in cells of many origins (primary tissues, embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and immortal cell lines). This plurality and plasticity suggest that probably several basic principles promote this recovery process. The aim of this study was to identify these basic principles and describe how they are regulated so that they can be taken in consideration when micro-bioreactors are designed. Here, we provide evidence that one of these basic principles is hypoxia, which is a natural consequence of multicellular structures grown in microgravity cultures. Hypoxia drives a partial metabolic reprogramming to aerobic glycolysis and an increased anabolic synthesis. A second principle is the activation of cytoplasmic glutaminolysis for lipogenesis. Glutaminolysis is activated in the presence of hypo- or normo-glycaemic conditions and in turn is geared to the hexosamine pathway. The reducing power needed is produced in the pentose phosphate pathway, a prime function of glucose metabolism. Cytoskeletal reconstruction, histone modification, and the recovery of the physiological phenotype can all be traced to adaptive changes in the underlying cellular metabolism. These changes are coordinated by mTOR/Akt, p53 and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways, while myc and NF-kB appear to be relatively inactive. Partial metabolic reprogramming to aerobic glycolysis, originally described by Warburg, is independent of the cell’s rate of proliferation, but is interwoven with the cells abilities to execute advanced functionality needed for replicating the tissues physiological performance.
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143
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Kono M, Yoshida N, Maeda K, Tsokos GC. Transcriptional factor ICER promotes glutaminolysis and the generation of Th17 cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:2478-83. [PMID: 29463741 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1714717115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutaminolysis is a well-known source of energy for effector T cells but its contribution to each T cell subset and the mechanisms which are responsible for the control of involved metabolic enzymes are not fully understood. We report that Th17 but not Th1, Th2, or Treg cell induction in vitro depends on glutaminolysis and the up-regulation of glutaminase 1 (Gls1), the first enzyme in the glutaminolysis pathway. Both pharmacological and siRNA-based selective inhibition of Gls1 reduced in vitro Th17 differentiation and reduced the CD3/TCR-mediated increase of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 activity. Treatment of mice with a Gls1 inhibitor ameliorated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Furthermore, RAG1-deficient mice that received Gls1-shRNA-transfected 2D2 T cells had reduced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis scores compared with those that received control-shRNA-treated cells. Next we found that T cells deficient in inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER), a transcriptional factor known to promote Th17 differentiation, display reduced activity of oxidative phosphorylation rates in the presence of glutamine and reduced Gls1 expression, both of which could be restored by ICER overexpression. Finally, we demonstrate that ICER binds to the gls1 promoter directly and increases its activity. These findings demonstrate the importance of glutaminolysis in the generation of Th17 and the direct control of Gls1 activity by the IL-17-promoting transcription factor ICER. Pharmaceutical modulation of the glutaminolysis pathway should be considered to control Th17-mediated pathology.
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144
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Abstract
Researchers are intensifying efforts to understand the mechanisms by which changes in metabolic states influence differentiation programs. An emerging objective is to define how fluctuations in metabolites influence the epigenetic states that contribute to differentiation programs. This is because metabolites such as S-adenosylmethionine, acetyl-CoA, α-ketoglutarate, 2-hydroxyglutarate, and butyrate are donors, substrates, cofactors, and antagonists for the activities of epigenetic-modifying complexes and for epigenetic modifications. We discuss this topic from the perspective of specialized CD4+ T cells as well as effector and memory T cell differentiation programs. We also highlight findings from embryonic stem cells that give mechanistic insight into how nutrients processed through pathways such as glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and one-carbon metabolism regulate metabolite levels to influence epigenetic events and discuss similar mechanistic principles in T cells. Finally, we highlight how dysregulated environments, such as the tumor microenvironment, might alter programming events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A Chisolm
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA; ,
| | - Amy S Weinmann
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA; ,
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145
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Akins NS, Nielson TC, Le HV. Inhibition of Glycolysis and Glutaminolysis: An Emerging Drug Discovery Approach to Combat Cancer. Curr Top Med Chem 2018; 18:494-504. [PMID: 29788892 PMCID: PMC6110043 DOI: 10.2174/1568026618666180523111351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells have a very different metabolism from that of normal cells from which they are derived. Their metabolism is elevated, which allows them to sustain higher proliferative rate and resist some cell death signals. This phenomenon, known as the "Warburg effect", has become the focus of intensive efforts in the discovery of new therapeutic targets and new cancer drugs. Both glycolysis and glutaminolysis pathways are enhanced in cancer cells. While glycolysis is enhanced to satisfy the increasing energy demand of cancer cells, glutaminolysis is enhanced to provide biosynthetic precursors for cancer cells. It was recently discovered that there is a tyrosine phosphorylation of a specific isoform of pyruvate kinase, the M2 isoform, that is preferentially expressed in all cancer cells, which results in the generation of pyruvate through a unique enzymatic mechanism that is uncoupled from ATP production. Pyruvate produced through this unique enzymatic mechanism is converted primarily into lactic acid, rather than acetyl-CoA for the synthesis of citrate, which would normally then enter the citric acid cycle. Inhibition of key enzymes in glycolysis and glutaminolysis pathways with small molecules has provided a novel but emerging area of cancer research and has been proven effective in slowing the proliferation of cancer cells, with several inhibitors being in clinical trials. This review paper will cover recent advances in the development of chemotherapeutic agents against several metabolic targets for cancer therapy, including glucose transporters, hexokinase, pyruvate kinase M2, glutaminase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S. Akins
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Tanner C. Nielson
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Hoang V. Le
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, USA
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146
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Ježek J, Plecitá-Hlavatá L, Ježek P. Aglycemic HepG2 Cells Switch From Aminotransferase Glutaminolytic Pathway of Pyruvate Utilization to Complete Krebs Cycle at Hypoxia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:637. [PMID: 30416487 PMCID: PMC6212521 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells are forced to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), when cultured in aglycemic conditions at galactose and glutamine. These Oxphos cells represent a prototype of cancer cell bioenergetics with mixed aerobic glycolysis and OXPHOS. We aimed to determine fractions of (i) glutaminolytic pathway involving aminotransferase reaction supplying 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) to the Krebs cycle vs. (ii) active segment of the Krebs cycle with aconitase and isocitrate dehydrogenase-3 (ACO-IDH3), which is typically inactive in cancer cells due to the citrate export from mitochondria. At normoxia, Oxphos cell respiration was decreased down to ~15 and ~10% by the aminotransferase inhibitor aminooxyacetate (AOA) or with AOA plus the glutamate-dehydrogenase inhibitor bithionol, respectively. Phosphorylating to non-phosphorylating respiration ratios dropped from >6.5 to 1.9 with AOA and to zero with AOA plus bithionol. Thus, normoxic Oxphos HepG2 cells rely predominantly on glutaminolysis. Addition of membrane-permeant dimethyl-2-oxoglutarate (dm2OG) to inhibited cells instantly partially restored respiration, evidencing the lack of 2OG-dehydrogenase substrate upon aminotransferase inhibition. Surprisingly, after 72 hr of 5% O2 hypoxia, the AOA (bithionol) inhibition ceased and respiration was completely restored. Thus in aglycemic HepG2 cells, the hypoxia-induced factor (HIF) upregulation of glycolytic enzymes enabled acceleration of glycolysis pathway, preceded by galactolysis (Leloir pathway), redirecting pyruvate via still incompletely blocked pyruvate dehydrogenase toward the ACO-IDH3. Glycolytic flux upregulation at hypoxia was evidently matched by a higher activity of the Leloir pathway in Oxphos cells. Hypoxic Oxphos cells increased 2-fold the NADPH oxidase activity, whereas hypoxic glycolytic cells decreased it. Oxphos cells and glycolytic cells at 5 mM glucose decreased their reduced glutathione fraction. In contrast to aglycemic cells, glycolytic HepG2 cells decreased their respiration at hypoxia despite the dm2OG presence, i.e., even at unlimited respiratory substrate availability for 72 hr at 5% O2, exhibiting the canonical HIF-mediated adaptation. Nevertheless, their ATP content was much higher with dm2OG as compared to its absence during hypoxic adaptation. Thus, the metabolic plasticity of cancer cells is illustrated under conditions frequently established for solid tumors in vivo, such as aglycemia plus hypoxia. Consequently, a wide acceptance of the irreversible and exclusive Warburg phenotype in cancer cells is incorrect.
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147
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Goetzman ES, Prochownik EV. The Role for Myc in Coordinating Glycolysis, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Glutaminolysis, and Fatty Acid Metabolism in Normal and Neoplastic Tissues. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:129. [PMID: 29706933 PMCID: PMC5907532 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
That cancer cells show patterns of metabolism different from normal cells has been known for over 50 years. Yet, it is only in the past decade or so that an appreciation of the benefits of these changes has begun to emerge. Altered cancer cell metabolism was initially attributed to defective mitochondria. However, we now realize that most cancers do not have mitochondrial mutations and that normal cells can transiently adopt cancer-like metabolism during periods of rapid proliferation. Indeed, an encompassing, albeit somewhat simplified, conceptual framework to explain both normal and cancer cell metabolism rests on several simple premises. First, the metabolic pathways used by cancer cells and their normal counterparts are the same. Second, normal quiescent cells use their metabolic pathways and the energy they generate largely to maintain cellular health and organelle turnover and, in some cases, to provide secreted products necessary for the survival of the intact organism. By contrast, undifferentiated cancer cells minimize the latter functions and devote their energy to producing the anabolic substrates necessary to maintain high rates of unremitting cellular proliferation. Third, as a result of the uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells, a larger fraction of the metabolic intermediates normally used by quiescent cells purely as a source of energy are instead channeled into competing proliferation-focused and energy-consuming anabolic pathways. Fourth, cancer cell clones with the most plastic and rapidly adaptable metabolism will eventually outcompete their less well-adapted brethren during tumor progression and evolution. This attribute becomes increasingly important as tumors grow and as their individual cells compete in a constantly changing and inimical environment marked by nutrient, oxygen, and growth factor deficits. Here, we review some of the metabolic pathways whose importance has gained center stage for tumor growth, particularly those under the control of the c-Myc (Myc) oncoprotein. We discuss how these pathways differ functionally between quiescent and proliferating normal cells, how they are kidnapped and corrupted during the course of transformation, and consider potential therapeutic strategies that take advantage of common features of neoplastic and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. Goetzman
- Division of Medical Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Edward V. Prochownik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- University of Pittsburgh Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Edward V. Prochownik,
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148
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Manyevitch R, Protas M, Scarpiello S, Deliso M, Bass B, Nanajian A, Chang M, Thompson SM, Khoury N, Gonnella R, Trotz M, Moore DB, Harms E, Perry G, Clunes L, Ortiz A, Friedrich JO, Murray IV. Evaluation of Metabolic and Synaptic Dysfunction Hypotheses of Alzheimer's Disease (AD): A Meta-Analysis of CSF Markers. Curr Alzheimer Res 2018; 15:164-181. [PMID: 28933272 PMCID: PMC5769087 DOI: 10.2174/1567205014666170921122458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is currently incurable and a majority of investigational drugs have failed clinical trials. One explanation for this failure may be the invalidity of hypotheses focusing on amyloid to explain AD pathogenesis. Recently, hypotheses which are centered on synaptic and metabolic dysfunction are increasingly implicated in AD. OBJECTIVE Evaluate AD hypotheses by comparing neurotransmitter and metabolite marker concentrations in normal versus AD CSF. METHODS Meta-analysis allows for statistical comparison of pooled, existing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) marker data extracted from multiple publications, to obtain a more reliable estimate of concentrations. This method also provides a unique opportunity to rapidly validate AD hypotheses using the resulting CSF concentration data. Hubmed, Pubmed and Google Scholar were comprehensively searched for published English articles, without date restrictions, for the keywords "AD", "CSF", and "human" plus markers selected for synaptic and metabolic pathways. Synaptic markers were acetylcholine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamine, and glycine. Metabolic markers were glutathione, glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and 8 other amino acids. Only studies that measured markers in AD and controls (Ctl), provided means, standard errors/deviation, and subject numbers were included. Data were extracted by six authors and reviewed by two others for accuracy. Data were pooled using ratio of means (RoM of AD/Ctl) and random effects meta-analysis using Cochrane Collaboration's Review Manager software. RESULTS Of the 435 identified publications, after exclusion and removal of duplicates, 35 articles were included comprising a total of 605 AD patients and 585 controls. The following markers of synaptic and metabolic pathways were significantly changed in AD/controls: acetylcholine (RoM 0.36, 95% CI 0.24-0.53, p<0.00001), GABA (0.74, 0.58-0.94, p<0.01), pyruvate (0.48, 0.24-0.94, p=0.03), glutathione (1.11, 1.01- 1.21, p=0.03), alanine (1.10, 0.98-1.23, p=0.09), and lower levels of significance for lactate (1.2, 1.00-1.47, p=0.05). Of note, CSF glucose and glutamate levels in AD were not significantly different than that of the controls. CONCLUSION This study provides proof of concept for the use of meta-analysis validation of AD hypotheses, specifically via robust evidence for the cholinergic hypothesis of AD. Our data disagree with the other synaptic hypotheses of glutamate excitotoxicity and GABAergic resistance to neurodegeneration, given observed unchanged glutamate levels and decreased GABA levels. With regards to metabolic hypotheses, the data supported upregulation of anaerobic glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway (glutathione), and anaplerosis of the tricarboxylic acid cycle using glutamate. Future applications of meta-analysis indicate the possibility of further in silico evaluation and generation of novel hypotheses in the AD field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Manyevitch
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, St George’s University, True Blue, St George’s, Grenada, W.I., USA
| | - Matthew Protas
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, St George’s University, True Blue, St George’s, Grenada, W.I., USA
| | - Sean Scarpiello
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, St George’s University, True Blue, St George’s, Grenada, W.I., USA
| | - Marisa Deliso
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, St George’s University, True Blue, St George’s, Grenada, W.I., USA
| | - Brittany Bass
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, St George’s University, True Blue, St George’s, Grenada, W.I., USA
| | - Anthony Nanajian
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, St George’s University, True Blue, St George’s, Grenada, W.I., USA
| | - Matthew Chang
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, St George’s University, True Blue, St George’s, Grenada, W.I., USA
| | - Stefani M. Thompson
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, St George’s University, True Blue, St George’s, Grenada, W.I., USA
| | - Neil Khoury
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, St George’s University, True Blue, St George’s, Grenada, W.I., USA
| | - Rachel Gonnella
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, St George’s University, True Blue, St George’s, Grenada, W.I., USA
| | - Margit Trotz
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, St George’s University, Grenada, W.I., USA
| | - D. Blaine Moore
- Department of Biology, Kalamazoo College, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Emily Harms
- Department of Educational Services, St George’s University, Grenada, W.I., USA
| | - George Perry
- Department of Biology, University of Texas San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Lucy Clunes
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, St George’s University, Grenada, W.I., USA
| | - Angélica Ortiz
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, St George’s University, Grenada, W.I., USA
| | | | - Ian V.J. Murray
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, St George’s University, True Blue, St George’s, Grenada, W.I., USA
- Department of Biology, University of Texas San Antonio, TX, USA
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149
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Alsady M, de Groot T, Kortenoeven MLA, Carmone C, Neijman K, Bekkenkamp-Grovenstein M, Engelke U, Wevers R, Baumgarten R, Korstanje R, Deen PMT. Lithium induces aerobic glycolysis and glutaminolysis in collecting duct principal cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 314:F230-F239. [PMID: 29070571 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00297.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium, given to bipolar disorder patients, causes nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (Li-NDI), a urinary-concentrating defect. Li-NDI occurs due to downregulation of principal cell AQP2 expression, which coincides with principal cell proliferation. The metabolic effect of lithium on principal cells, however, is unknown and investigated here. In earlier studies, we showed that the carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor acetazolamide attenuated Li-induced downregulation in mouse-collecting duct (mpkCCD) cells. Of the eight CAs present in mpkCCD cells, siRNA and drug treatments showed that downregulation of CA9 and to some extent CA12 attenuated Li-induced AQP2 downregulation. Moreover, lithium induced cell proliferation and increased the secretion of lactate. Lithium also increased urinary lactate levels in wild-type mice that developed Li-NDI but not in lithium-treated mice lacking ENaC, the principal cell entry site for lithium. Inhibition of aerobic glycolysis with 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) attenuated lithium-induced AQP2 downregulation in mpkCCD cells but did not attenuate Li-NDI in mice. Interestingly, NMR analysis demonstrated that lithium also increased the urinary succinate, fumarate, citrate, and NH4+ levels, which were, in contrast to lactate, not decreased by 2DG. Together, our data reveal that lithium induces aerobic glycolysis and glutaminolysis in principal cells and that inhibition of aerobic glycolysis, but not the glutaminolysis, does not attenuate Li-NDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alsady
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Theun de Groot
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands.,The Jackson Laboratory, Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, The Jackson Laboratory , Bar Harbor, Maine
| | | | - Claudia Carmone
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Kim Neijman
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | | | - Udo Engelke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Ron Wevers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Ruben Baumgarten
- Society of Experimental Laboratory Medicine , Amersfoort , The Netherlands
| | - Ron Korstanje
- The Jackson Laboratory, Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, The Jackson Laboratory , Bar Harbor, Maine
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150
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Tamayo-Orbegozo E, Amo L, Riñón M, Nieto N, Amutio E, Maruri N, Solaun M, Arrieta A, Larrucea S. Podocalyxin promotes proliferation and survival in mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:99722-39. [PMID: 29245936 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocalyxin (PCLP1) is a CD34-related sialomucin expressed by some normal cells and a variety of malignant tumors, including leukemia, and associated with the most aggressive cancers and poor clinical outcome. PCLP1 increases breast tumor growth, migration and invasion; however, its role in hematologic malignancies still remains undetermined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression and function of PCLP1 in mature B-cell lymphoma cells. We found that overexpression of PCLP1 significantly increases proliferation, cell-to-cell interaction, clonogenicity, and migration of B-cell lymphoma cells. Furthermore, PCLP1 overexpression results in higher resistance to death induced by dexamethasone, reactive oxygen species and type II anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody obinutuzumab. Strikingly, enforced expression of PCLP1 enhances lipid droplet formation as well as pentose phosphate pathway and glutamine dependence, indicative of metabolic reprogramming necessary to support the abnormal proliferation rate of tumor cells. Flow cytometry analysis revealed augmented levels of PCLP1 in malignant cells from some patients with mature B-cell lymphoma compared to their normal B-cell counterparts. In summary, our results demonstrate that PCLP1 contributes to proliferation and survival of mature B-cell lymphoma cells, suggesting that PCLP1 may promote lymphomagenesis and represents a therapeutic target for the treatment of B-cell lymphomas.
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