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Liu D, Chen Y, Wang Y, Lei M, Chen L, Liang R, Cheng Z, Shi W, Wang H, Lin L, Wang L, Lin F, Lin H, Liu W. Combination of Serum Amyloid A and C-Reactive Protein Exhibit Synergistic Effect in Angiogenesis by Inducing Inflammation and Vascular Network. Front Oncol 2020; 10:576207. [PMID: 33364190 PMCID: PMC7753214 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.576207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of angiogenesis in tumor progression has been recognized as one of the hallmarks of cancer, but the mechanism of its action remains unclear. Inflammatory markers serum amyloid A (SAA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are proposed to play causal roles in the development of various disorders, including malignancies. Previously, we identified the complex of CRP and SAA (CRP-SAA) with diagnostic and prognostic value better than either one of them in the serum of lung cancer patients. In this study, we further explored the stimulation function of CRP-SAA on angiogenesis and inflammation. To explore possible mechanisms, microarray datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and multi-bioinformatics analysis revealed that THP-1 and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) responded to SAA stimulation with upregulation of two pro-angiogenic cytokines in common, i.e., C-X-C motif ligand 6 (CXCL6) and CXCL8, which were validated by subsequent experiments in vitro. CRP had weak effects as a single stimulus, but it can efficiently potentiate the SAA induction of cytokines, which was stronger than the sum of the both (P < 0.001). The synergistical effect of the combination of CRP and SAA enhanced HUVECs transwell and constricted morphology by upregulating the pro-angiogenic genes. These results indicated that the binding of CRP and SAA acted synergistically in pro-angiogenesis by increasing inflammation and inducing vascular network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghe Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunxiu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mangjuan Lei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongliang Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaomin Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fujia Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haibiao Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanli Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Acquaviva KD, Mugele J, Abadilla N, Adamson T, Bernstein SL, Bhayani RK, Büchi AE, Burbage D, Carroll CL, Davis SP, Dhawan N, Eaton A, English K, Grier JT, Gurney MK, Hahn ES, Haq H, Huang B, Jain S, Jun J, Kerr WT, Keyes T, Kirby AR, Leary M, Marr M, Major A, Meisel JV, Petersen EA, Raguan B, Rhodes A, Rupert DD, Sam-Agudu NA, Saul N, Shah JR, Sheldon LK, Sinclair CT, Spencer K, Strand NH, Streed CG, Trudell AM. Documenting Social Media Engagement as Scholarship: A New Model for Assessing Academic Accomplishment for the Health Professions. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e25070. [PMID: 33263554 PMCID: PMC7744266 DOI: 10.2196/25070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The traditional model of promotion and tenure in the health professions relies heavily on formal scholarship through teaching, research, and service. Institutions consider how much weight to give activities in each of these areas and determine a threshold for advancement. With the emergence of social media, scholars can engage wider audiences in creative ways and have a broader impact. Conventional metrics like the h-index do not account for social media impact. Social media engagement is poorly represented in most curricula vitae (CV) and therefore is undervalued in promotion and tenure reviews. OBJECTIVE The objective was to develop crowdsourced guidelines for documenting social media scholarship. These guidelines aimed to provide a structure for documenting a scholar's general impact on social media, as well as methods of documenting individual social media contributions exemplifying innovation, education, mentorship, advocacy, and dissemination. METHODS To create unifying guidelines, we created a crowdsourced process that capitalized on the strengths of social media and generated a case example of successful use of the medium for academic collaboration. The primary author created a draft of the guidelines and then sought input from users on Twitter via a publicly accessible Google Document. There was no limitation on who could provide input and the work was done in a democratic, collaborative fashion. Contributors edited the draft over a period of 1 week (September 12-18, 2020). The primary and secondary authors then revised the draft to make it more concise. The guidelines and manuscript were then distributed to the contributors for edits and adopted by the group. All contributors were given the opportunity to serve as coauthors on the publication and were told upfront that authorship would depend on whether they were able to document the ways in which they met the 4 International Committee of Medical Journal Editors authorship criteria. RESULTS We developed 2 sets of guidelines: Guidelines for Listing All Social Media Scholarship Under Public Scholarship (in Research/Scholarship Section of CV) and Guidelines for Listing Social Media Scholarship Under Research, Teaching, and Service Sections of CV. Institutions can choose which set fits their existing CV format. CONCLUSIONS With more uniformity, scholars can better represent the full scope and impact of their work. These guidelines are not intended to dictate how individual institutions should weigh social media contributions within promotion and tenure cases. Instead, by providing an initial set of guidelines, we hope to provide scholars and their institutions with a common format and language to document social media scholarship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josh Mugele
- Northeast Georgia Medical Center, Gainesville, GA, United States
| | - Natasha Abadilla
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Tyler Adamson
- Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Samantha L Bernstein
- College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Rakhee K Bhayani
- School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Annina Elisabeth Büchi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Darcy Burbage
- Oncology Nursing Consultant, Newark, DE, United States
| | | | - Samantha P Davis
- Department of Respiratory Care, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States
| | - Natasha Dhawan
- Hematology/Oncology Section, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Alice Eaton
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Kim English
- Trent/Fleming School of Nursing, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer T Grier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC, United States
| | - Mary K Gurney
- College of Pharmacy, Glendale Campus, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - Emily S Hahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Heather Haq
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Brendan Huang
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Shikha Jain
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jin Jun
- College of Nursing, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Wesley T Kerr
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Timothy Keyes
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Amelia R Kirby
- School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Marion Leary
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mollie Marr
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Ajay Major
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jason V Meisel
- Hunter School of Nursing, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Erika A Petersen
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | | | - Allison Rhodes
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Deborah D Rupert
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, United States.,State of New York-Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Nadia A Sam-Agudu
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Naledi Saul
- Office of Career and Professional Development, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jarna R Shah
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | | | | | - Kerry Spencer
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Stevenson University, Owings Mills, MD, United States
| | - Natalie H Strand
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Carl G Streed
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Avery M Trudell
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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Jack EM, Chartier MJ, Ly G, Fortier J, Murdock N, Cochrane B, Weenusk J, Woodgate RL, Munro G, Sareen J. School personnel and community members' perspectives in implementing PAX good behaviour game in first nations grade 1 classrooms. Int J Circumpolar Health 2020; 79:1735052. [PMID: 32102633 PMCID: PMC7054914 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2020.1735052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
First Nations peoples in Canada have a history of poor mental health outcomes, as the result of colonisation and the legacy of residential schools. The PAX Good Behaviour Game (PAX-GBG) is a school-based intervention shown to improve student behaviour, academic outcomes, and reduce suicidal thoughts and actions. This study examines the use of PAX-GBG in First Nations Grade 1 classrooms in Manitoba. Researchers collected qualitative data via interviews and focus groups from 23 participants from Swampy Cree Tribal Council (SCTC) communities. Participants reported both positive effects and challenges of implementing PAX-GBG in their classrooms. PAX-GBG created a positive environment where children felt included, recognised, and empowered. Children were calmer, more on-task, and understood the behaviours that are expected of them. However, for many reasons, PAX-GBG is not being used consistently across SCTC schools. Participants described barriers in implementation due to teacher turnover, lack of on-going training and support, developmental and behavioural difficulties of students, and larger community challenges. Participants provided suggestions on how to improve PAX-GBG to be a better fit for these communities, including important cultural and contextual adaptations. PAX-GBG has the potential to improve outcomes for First Nations children, however attention must be given to implementation within community context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie M Jack
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Mariette J Chartier
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Gia Ly
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Janique Fortier
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Nora Murdock
- First Nations Education Resource Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Brooke Cochrane
- College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jonathon Weenusk
- College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba; Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | - Gary Munro
- Cree Nation Tribal Health Centre, The Pas, Canada
| | - Jitender Sareen
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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104
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Kirya MT. Promoting anti-corruption, transparency and accountability in the recruitment and promotion of health workers to safeguard health outcomes. Glob Health Action 2020; 13:1701326. [PMID: 32194012 PMCID: PMC7170355 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2019.1701326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human Resources for Health are a core building block of a health system, playing a crucial role in improving health outcomes. While the existing literature has examined various forms of corruption that affect the health sector, few articles have examined the role and impact of corruption in the recruitment and promotion of health-workers.Objectives: This study reviews the role of corrupt practices such as nepotism, bribery and sextortion in health-worker recruitment and promotion and their implications for health systems.Methods: The study is based on an interdisciplinary non-systematic review of peer-reviewed journal articles in the public health/medicine and political science literature, complemented with the 'grey' literature such as technical reports and working papers.Results: Political and personal ties, rather than merit are often factors in the recruitment and promotion of health-workers in many countries. This results in the employment or promotion of poorly qualified or unsuitable workers, with negative implications for health outcomes.Conclusion: Corrupt practices in health-worker recruitment and promotion 'set the tone' for other forms of corruption such as absenteeism, embezzlement, theft and bid-rigging to flourish, as those recruited corruptly can collude for nefarious purposes. On the other hand, merit-based recruitment is important for curbing corruption. Corrupt recruitment practices have deleterious effects on health-worker motivation and retention, quality and competency, citizens' trust in health services and health outcomes. Whereas international law and policy such as the United Nations Convention Against Corruption and the WHO Handbook on Monitoring and Evaluation of Human Resources for Health state that recruitment of public officers and health workers respectively should be done in a transparent and accountable manner, more research is needed to inform policies on merit-based recruitment.
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105
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Mishara BL, Dufour S. Randomized Control Study of the Implementation and Effects of a New Mental Health Promotion Program to Improve Coping Skills in 9 to 11 Year Old Children: Passport: Skills for Life. Front Psychol 2020; 11:573342. [PMID: 33192870 PMCID: PMC7658468 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.573342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Passport: Skills for Life is a universal, primary school mental health promotion program to increase children’s coping skills. A stratified randomized control study with pretest, post-test and 1-year follow-up included 1,492 3rd to 6th grade children, from higher and lower socio-economic levels, randomly assigned by school to receive the program or a control group. Implementation and effects were evaluated by questionnaires and focus groups with children, parents and teachers as well as classroom observations. Program activities were well implemented and greatly appreciated, with perceived improvements in resolving conflicts, communicating feelings and coping. Compared to the controls, participants had increased emotional awareness, sustained 1 year later; conceived of more ways to cope in fictitious situations and reported using more, and more useful strategies, sustained 1 year later. Positive Academic Behaviors increased, but were not sustained the following year. This is a promising program to improve coping and emotional awareness that merits further research on its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Mishara
- Psychology Department, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah Dufour
- School of Psychoeducation, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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106
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Topothai T, Suphanchaimat R, Tangcharoensathien V, Putthasri W, Sukaew T, Asawutmangkul U, Topothai C, Piancharoen P, Piyathawornanan C. Daily Step Counts from the First Thailand National Steps Challenge in 2020: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E8433. [PMID: 33202581 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Thailand’s first national steps challenge has been implemented in 2020 with the goal to raise the level of physical activity nationwide by monitoring achievements through a smartphone application. This study examined the daily step counts of participants in the first national steps challenge. Six data points from 186,653 valid participants were retrieved and analyzed in five periods using Poisson regression. The mean daily steps peaked at 3196 in Period 1, and steadily dropped to 1205 in Period 5. The daily steps per period were analyzed using the participants’ characteristics, such as the type of participant, sex, age, body mass index, and area of residence. The overall mean daily steps of the participants meant physical activity was far below the recommended level and tended to drop in later periods. The general population achieved significantly higher mean daily steps than public health officers or village health volunteers (24.0% by multivariate analysis). Participants who were female, younger (<45 years), obese (body mass index > 30), and living in rural areas had fewer mean daily steps (13.8%, 44.3%, 12.7%, and 14.7% by multivariate analysis, respectively), with statistical significance. In the future, the national steps challenge should be continuously implemented by counting all steps throughout a day, using more strategies to draw attention and raise motivation, advocating for more participants, as well as reporting the whole day step counts instead of distance.
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107
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Calcaterra V, Cena H, Verduci E, Bosetti A, Pelizzo G, Zuccotti GV. Nutritional Surveillance for the Best Start in Life, Promoting Health for Neonates, Infants and Children. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113386. [PMID: 33158088 PMCID: PMC7694195 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This Special Issue aims to examine the crucial role of nutritional status starting from pregnancy in modulating fetal, neonatal and infant growth and metabolic pathways, with potential long-term impacts on adult health. Poor maternal nutritional conditions in the earliest stages of life during fetal development and early life may induce both short-term and longer lasting effects; in particular, an increased risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and other chronic diseases such as obesity, which itself is a major risk factor for NCDs, is observed over the lifespan. Poor maternal nutrition affects the fetal developmental schedule, leading to irreversible changes and slowdown in growth. The fetus limits its size to conserve the little energy available for cardiac functions and neuronal development. The organism will retain memory of the early insult, and the adaptive response will result in pathology later on. Epigenetics may contribute to disease manifestation affecting developmental programming. After birth, even though there is a limited evidence base suggesting a relationship between breastfeeding, timing and type of foods used in weaning with disease later in life, nutritional surveillance is also mandatory in infants in the first year of life. We will explore the latest findings on nutrition in early life and term and preterm babies, as well as the role of malnutrition in the short- and long-term impact over the lifespan. Focusing on nutritional interventions represents part of an integrated life-cycle approach to prevent communicable and non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20157 Milano, Italy or (E.V.); (A.B.); or (G.V.Z.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Hellas Cena
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; or
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Pediatrics, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20157 Milano, Italy or (E.V.); (A.B.); or (G.V.Z.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bosetti
- Department of Pediatrics, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20157 Milano, Italy or (E.V.); (A.B.); or (G.V.Z.)
| | - Gloria Pelizzo
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science “L. Sacco”, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; or
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20157 Milano, Italy or (E.V.); (A.B.); or (G.V.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science “L. Sacco”, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; or
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Mmeje O, Price EAN, Johnson TRB, Fenner DE. Galvanizing for the future: a bottom-up departmental approach to diversity, equity, and inclusion. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 223:715.e1-715.e7. [PMID: 32697956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
As an academic department, we sought to identify effective strategies to engage our faculty and staff in diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives and programs to build an inclusive department that would address our needs and those of our community and partners. Over a 4-year period, our faculty and staff have participated in town hall meetings, focus group discussions, surveys, and community-building activities to foster stakeholder engagement that will build a leading academic department for the future. We noted that our faculty and staff were committed to building diversity, equity, and inclusion, and our mission and vision were reflective of this. However, communication and transparency may be improved to help support a more inclusive department for all. In the future, we hope to continue with the integration of diversity, equity, and inclusion into our department's business processes to achieve meaningful, sustained change and impact through continued focus on recruitment, selection, retention, development, and wellness of faculty and staff-in addition to the continued recruitment of faculty and staff from underrepresented minority groups. Our findings should serve as a call to action for other academic obstetrics and gynecology departments to improve the health and well-being of the individuals we serve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okeoma Mmeje
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI.
| | - Erin A N Price
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Timothy R B Johnson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Dee E Fenner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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109
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Rahmati R, Khadivzadeh T, Esmaily H. Comparison of the effect of two training methods (webinar and group discussion) on improving the attitude and performance of health workers in providing counseling with fertility promotion approach. J Educ Health Promot 2020; 9:280. [PMID: 33282985 PMCID: PMC7709760 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_134_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to the significant decrease in fertility in recent decades and the important role of health workers and health-care providers in providing healthy reproductive counseling, their training is necessary using effective educational methods. Webinar and group discussion (GD) are effective in this regard. This study was conducted to determine the most effective method and with the aim of comparing the effect of two training methods (webinar and GD) on the attitude and performance of health workers in providing counseling with fertility promotion approach in comprehensive health centers in Mashhad. METHODS In this randomized trial study with a control group, 108 health workers working in health centers no. 2-3 and 5 of Mashhad entered the study and were randomly divided into three groups of training by webinar, GD, and control. Intervention groups received healthy fertility counseling skills in three training sessions. Research tools were demographic information questionnaires, fertility attitudes, and performance measurement checklists for fertility counseling. The questionnaires were completed in three groups at the beginning and after the completion of the interventions. Data analysis was performed by Chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance using SPSS software version 16. RESULTS The analysis of variance test showed that before the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference between the three groups in terms of average scores of fertility attitude and performance scores of fertility counseling. After the interventions, the difference between the fertility attitude scores (P < 0.001) and the performance scores of fertility counseling (P < 0.001) was significant in the three groups. There was no significant relationship between demographic characteristics and attitude and performance. CONCLUSION Teaching by webinar and GD promotes the attitude and performance of health workers in providing counseling with a fertility promotion approach. Therefore, it is recommended to use new educational methods such as webinar and GD to promote childbearing counseling, which has been emphasized in the country's population policies. Since the mean score difference for the webinar training method was the highest due to the mean scores, this method could be more effective than the GD method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raziyeh Rahmati
- MSc of Midwifery, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
- Graduate, Master of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Talat Khadivzadeh
- Assistant Professor in Reproductive Health, Manager of Midwifery Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Habibollah Esmaily
- Ph.D in Biostatistics, Professor, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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110
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Hecht AA, Perez CL, Polascek M, Thorndike AN, Franckle RL, Moran AJ. Influence of Food and Beverage Companies on Retailer Marketing Strategies and Consumer Behavior. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E7381. [PMID: 33050424 PMCID: PMC7600709 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The retail food environment plays an important role in shaping dietary habits that contribute to obesity and other chronic diseases. Food and beverage manufacturers use trade promotion-incentives paid to retailers-to influence how products are placed, priced, and promoted in stores. This review aims to: (1) catalogue trade promotion practices that manufacturers use to influence retailer marketing strategies, and (2) describe how these retailer marketing strategies affect consumer purchasing behavior and attitudes. Researchers searched five databases, Academic Search Ultimate, Business Source Ultimate, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science, to identify literature from industry and academic sources published in English through November 2019. Twenty articles describing manufacturer trade promotion practices were synthesized and provided insight into four types of trade promotion practices: category management, slotting allowances, price discounts, and cooperative advertising. Fifty-four articles describing the impact of retailer marketing on consumers were synthesized and graded for quality of evidence. While comparison across studies is challenging, findings suggest that retailer marketing strategies, such as price promotions and prominent placement, lead to increased sales. Results can guide efforts by policymakers, public health practitioners, and food retailers to design retail environments that improve healthy eating while maintaining retailer financial interests. Additional research should measure the impact of retailer marketing strategies on consumer diet quality and retailer outcomes (e.g., return-on-investment).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie A. Hecht
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (C.L.P.); (A.J.M.)
| | - Crystal L. Perez
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (C.L.P.); (A.J.M.)
| | - Michele Polascek
- Westbrook College of Health Professions, University of New England, Portland, ME 04103, USA;
| | - Anne N. Thorndike
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Rebecca L. Franckle
- Program in Global Public Health and the Common Good, Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA;
| | - Alyssa J. Moran
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (C.L.P.); (A.J.M.)
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Abstract
Depression is the most common and prevalent mental disorder today, affecting an estimated 1 in 4 Canadians at some point in their lifetime. Physical activity is recommended as a primary treatment for mild to moderate depression and a secondary treatment for moderate to severe depression. Despite this, specific guidelines are still lacking on how to best promote physical activity in this population. Accordingly, this policy brief provides evidence-based recommendations for primary care providers and allied health professionals to promote lifelong physical activity in individuals with depression. Recommendations include asking for permission to discuss physical activity with the individual; framing physical activity as something that they have control over in order to feel better; clarifying that incorporating even a few more minutes of weekly physical activity is better than nothing and that mild forms are enough to achieve mental health benefits; and providing choices of activities to try and accompanying them on their first few sessions. Moreover, this article highlights the importance of promoting physical activity enjoyment for this population, which can be done by guiding the individual to slowly build up the frequency, duration and intensity of activity; encouraging them to be self-compassionate toward physical activity; suggesting they engage in outdoor activity, listen to music, and/or participate with a buddy or group; and incorporate self-monitoring or journalling to solidify the link between physical activity and improved mood. Practitioners are encouraged to use these evidence-informed recommendations-especially maximizing choices, enhancing physical activity enjoyment and emphasizing personal preferences-to help individuals with depression move, recover and flourish. These recommendations may also be used to tailor future interventions and inform policy guidelines to reduce depression rates in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Fortier
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taylor McFadden
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- Faculty of Education, School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Bernal CMM, Lhuisset L, Fabre N, Bois J. School-Based Multicomponent Intervention to Promote Physical Activity and Reduce Sedentary Time of Disadvantaged Children Aged 6-10 Years: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e17815. [PMID: 32965238 PMCID: PMC7542411 DOI: 10.2196/17815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In our modern society, physical activity (PA) is decreasing and sedentary time (ST) is increasing, especially for children from disadvantaged neighborhoods. School-based interventions to promote PA and decrease ST are therefore required among this population in order to change children’s lifestyle habits. Moreover, attentional capacities and academic achievement can be enhanced by chronic PA during childhood. The relationships between these variables have been poorly studied with this population. Objective The objective of this study is to present the rationale and methods for a randomized controlled trial among 6-10-year-old children with low socioeconomic status that will (1) evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based intervention designed to promote PA and reduce ST and (2) study the relationships between PA, ST, motor skills, attentional capacities, and academic achievement. Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2 eligible primary schools. During academic year 2016-2017, 1 school was randomly assigned as the experiment one and the other was assigned as the control one. Five assessments times were used: baseline (T1 [November 2016] to T2 [June 2017]), follow-up (T3 [November 2017] to T4 [June 2018]), and final assessment (T5 [June 2019]). The school-based intervention included various components on different levels of the socioecological model: (1) curriculum-based program for children; (2) sensitization workshops and newsletters for parents; (3) training workshops for teachers; (4) environmental adaptation of playgrounds and reorganization of recess time; (5) time adaptation of lunch breaks; and (6) collaboration with political groups. PA, ST, motor skills, and attentional capacities were evaluated and academic achievement was recorded. Results The presented intervention and its different assessments have been successfully implemented. In order to achieve the 2 objectives of this randomized controlled trial, data analyses are about to be completed. Conclusions The implementation of this randomized controlled trial can help to determine effective strategies to promote PA in the context of increasing prevalence of physical inactivity among children with sedentary lifestyle which will be useful for researchers, stakeholders, and public policy makers. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03983447; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03983447 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR1-10.2196/17815
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lena Lhuisset
- Universite de Pau & des Pays de l'Adour, e2s UPPA, MEPS, Tarbes, France
| | - Nicolas Fabre
- Universite de Pau & des Pays de l'Adour, e2s UPPA, MEPS, Tarbes, France
| | - Julien Bois
- Universite de Pau & des Pays de l'Adour, e2s UPPA, MEPS, Tarbes, France
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113
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Kragt D, Day DV. Predicting Leadership Competency Development and Promotion Among High-Potential Executives: The Role of Leader Identity. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1816. [PMID: 32849071 PMCID: PMC7419574 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose that distinct leadership competencies differ in their development over time. Extending the integrative model of leader development (Day et al., 2009), we further propose that leader identity will form complex relationships with leadership competencies over time. To test these propositions, we use longitudinal data (i.e., 5 months, four measurement points) of the 80 in total high-potential executives in a corporate leadership development program. We find a significant difference in the initial levels and the changes of eight distinct leadership competencies. We also find that leader identity relates to the development of certain – but not all – leadership competencies. Finally, we demonstrate the importance of developing leadership competencies by linking them to career advancement (i.e., job promotion). These findings are discussed in light of their theoretical and practical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Kragt
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - David V Day
- Kravis Leadership Institute, Claremont McKenna College, Claremont, CA, United States
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Purgato M, Uphoff E, Singh R, Thapa Pachya A, Abdulmalik J, van Ginneken N. Promotion, prevention and treatment interventions for mental health in low- and middle-income countries through a task-shifting approach. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2020; 29:e150. [PMID: 32744223 PMCID: PMC7458538 DOI: 10.1017/s204579602000061x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, mental health and ill health have been reframed to be seen as a continuum from health to ill health, through the stages of being asymptomatic 'at risk', to experiencing 'mental distress', 'sub-syndromal symptoms' and finally 'mental disorders'. This new conceptualisation emphasised the importance of mental health promotion and prevention interventions, aimed at reducing the likelihood of future disorders with the general population or with people who are identified as being at risk of a disorder. This concept generated discussion on the distinction between prevention and treatment interventions, especially for those mental health conditions which lie between psychological distress and a formal psychiatric diagnosis. The present editorial aims to clarify the definition of promotion, prevention and treatment interventions delivered through a task-shifting approach according to a global mental health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Purgato
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Cochrane Global Mental Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Uphoff
- Cochrane Common Mental Disorders, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
| | - Rakesh Singh
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
- School of Public Health, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Ambika Thapa Pachya
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
- School of Public Health, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | | | - Nadja van Ginneken
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Mahdiyan S, Akbari M, Bozorgi M, Amini-Rarani M. Identifying and prioritizing challenges related to promoting the health system performance assessment in Iran. J Educ Health Promot 2020; 9:169. [PMID: 32953900 PMCID: PMC7482632 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_106_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Because the performance assessment of the health system is used as the basis for decision-making and demonstrates progress or failure in achieving the goals of the health system, promoting the health system performance assessment can play a major role in improving and enhancing the health system. Therefore, the main aim of the study was to identify and prioritize the challenges of promoting the health system performance assessment. MATERIALS AND METHODS There were two approaches in both qualitative and cross-sectional studies. At first, using semi-structured interviews with 52 performance appraisers, data related to the challenges of promoting the health system performance assessment were collected and thematically analyzed. Then, in cross-sectional terms, the performance appraisers were provided with researcher-made checklists which contained a list of challenges to determine the priority of challenges by scoring. The data were handled and analyzed using MAXQDA Plus version 12 and Microsoft Excel. RESULTS Our results revealed five themes and ten subthemes on the challenges of promoting the health system performance assessment. Themes (subthemes) included infrastructures (cultural and technological), implementation (organizational support, process, and responsibilities), human resources (motivation and training), assessment (performance monitoring), and content of measures (reliability and validity). We also prioritized 31 listed challenges in three priority groups, including below average, average, and above average. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that promoting the health system performance assessment in Iran can be accomplished by allocating financial and nonfinancial motives to the performance assessment staffs, using performance assessment results in policymaking, clarifying tasks of assessment process executors, and reviewing and adapting the performance assessment indices according to contingencies in the health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Mahdiyan
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohamad Akbari
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maede Bozorgi
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Amini-Rarani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Feeley TH, Evans MA, O'Mally AK, Tator A. Using Voter Registration to Increase Enrollment Into the Organ and Tissue Registry in New York State. Prog Transplant 2020; 30:208-211. [PMID: 32573340 DOI: 10.1177/1526924820933825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT In an effort to increase donation rates, interventions seek to increase the number of residents who are enrolled in the electronic organ and tissue registry. New York State includes an organ and tissue registration field on voter registration forms. OBJECTIVE Report the results from voter enrollment drives in New York State seeking to increase voter registration and completed enrollments into the organ and tissue registry. SETTING Cosponsored voter/donation drives taking place across in New York State at various public settings. PARTICIPANTS New York State residents who completed and submitted voter registration forms at designated campaign sites from fall of 2014 through fall of 2018. INTERVENTION Voter/donation drives cosponsored by League of Women Voters New York State with Organ Procurement Organizations and Eye & Tissue Banks in New York State. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Number of enrollments to organ and tissue donation registry per drive over 4 project years. Calculation of yield as measured by percentage of enrollments to state organ and tissue registry divided by total number of voter registration forms completed. RESULTS In all, 754 drives were undertaken over the project period with 6651 residents enrolling into the state organ and tissue registry. The average yield was 27% of completed voter forms resulting in organ and tissue registration; this estimate increased to 34% when prodonation representatives staffed the drives. CONCLUSION Use of voter registration form to enroll organ and tissue donors is an effective method to supplement traditional methods to enroll donors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aisha K O'Mally
- 12292University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The Academic Foundation Programme (AFP) is often the initial step along the Integrated Academic Training pathway in the UK. It is relatively new and research as to its effectiveness is limited. Our objective was to evaluate the AFP in terms of its impact on academic career aspirations and to explore trainees' expectations and experience of the programme and investigate the enablers and barriers to success. METHOD Seven supervisors of Academic Foundation trainees were interviewed over a 5-month period in 2014. AFP trainees' views were sought by way of an online questionnaire that covered six areas: demographics, expectations, academic time, experience, research and achievements. RESULTS Thirty-four trainees completed online questionnaires. The majority of trainees (94%) did not proceed directly along the Integrated Academic Training pathway to complete Academic Clinical Fellowships, but those who applied to do so were often successful (nine applicants, six successful). Free-text comments revealed an expectation of a more course-like structure to the programme, this is in contrast to the authentic experience of clinical academia, along with its associated challenges, that some of the supervisors reported. The importance of planning and preparation for success was a recurring theme from the supervisor interviews. CONCLUSIONS The programme is achieving some success in encouraging academic careers. There are several areas that can be improved. Improving the availability of information and guidance for supervisors and facilitating Academic Foundation Doctors to network are both feasible changes that could lead to improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Darbyshire
- Emergency Department, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Whinney Heys Road, Blackpool FY3 8NR, UK, .,Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Paul Baker
- Health Education England (North West), Manchester, UK
| | - Steven Agius
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sean McAleer
- Centre for Medical Education, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Chang S, Guindani M, Morahan P, Magrane D, Newbill S, Helitzer D. Increasing Promotion of Women Faculty in Academic Medicine: Impact of National Career Development Programs. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2020; 29:837-846. [PMID: 32466701 PMCID: PMC7307676 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2019.8044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Three national career development programs (CDPs)-Early and Mid-Career Programs sponsored by the Association of American Medical Colleges and the Hedwig van Ameringen Executive Leadership in Academic Medicine sponsored by Drexel University-seek to expand gender diversity in faculty and institutional leadership of academic medical centers. Over 20 years of success and continued need are evident in the sustained interest and investment of individuals and institutions. However, their impact on promotion in academic rank remains unknown. The purpose of the study is to compare promotion rates of women CDP participants and other faculty of similar institutional environment and initial career stage. Methods: The study examined retrospective cohorts of 2,719 CDP participants, 12,865 nonparticipant women, and 26,810 men, from the same institutions, with the same degrees, and first years of appointment in rank. Rates of promotion to Associate and Full Professor ranks in respective cohorts of Assistant and of Associate Professors were compared using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank tests, and logistic regression adjusting for other predictors of academic success. Results: In adjusted analyses, participants were more likely than men and non-participant women to be promoted to Associate Professor and as likely as men and more likely than non-participant women to be promoted to Full Professor within 10 years. Within 5 years, CDP participants were more likely than nonparticipant women to be promoted to Associate Professor and as likely as to be promoted to Full Professor; in the same interval, participants were promoted to both higher ranks at the same rates as men. For both intervals, nonparticipant women were significantly less likely than men to be promoted to either rank. Conclusions: The higher rates of promotion for women participating in national CDPs support the effectiveness of these programs in building capacity for academic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shine Chang
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention Research Training Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michele Guindani
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Page Morahan
- Academic Medicine (ELAM) Program for Women, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research (FAIMER) Institutes, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Microbiology and immunology at Drexel, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Diane Magrane
- Academic Medicine Program, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sharon Newbill
- Folkstone: Evaluation Anthropology, Pensacola, Florida, USA
| | - Deborah Helitzer
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Khalajinia Z, Alipour Z, Safaeipour R. Exploring medical teachers' and interns' experiences regarding professional ethics. J Educ Health Promot 2020; 9:131. [PMID: 32642487 PMCID: PMC7325762 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_706_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Medical ethics is a practical subject as well as a branch of ethical philosophy and an integral part of the proper practice in medicine. However, the ethics changes in places and over time and is variable. Furthermore, many issues that have occurred as a result of advances in technology add to the complexity of the ethical issues. Therefore, the objective of this research was to explore medical teachers' and interns' experiences regarding professional ethics. METHODS This study was a qualitative content analysis conducted on 10 professionals and 10 interns of the surgery and internal departments of medical and educational centers in Qom University of Medical Sciences to discover their experiences of the medical professional ethics. The sampling method was purposive, and data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was performed using a qualitative content analysis method with a conventional approach. RESULTS Three main categories were obtained from the data analysis, including adherence to professional values, organizational conditions, and individual characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to professional values, paying attention to individual characteristics, and organizational conditions are among the factors affecting the promotion of medical professional ethics; therefore, it seems that appropriate interventions on these important components can help promote the professional ethics training in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Khalajinia
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Zahra Alipour
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Rohollah Safaeipour
- Medical Education Development Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
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Hutchesson H, Dollman J, Baker A, Kernot J. Barriers and enablers to implementing mental well-being programs through Australian rural football clubs-A qualitative descriptive study. Health Promot J Austr 2020; 32:326-334. [PMID: 32363712 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Suicide rates in rural Australia are almost twice as high as those in urban areas. In rural communities, football clubs are often the 'hub' of the community and are being explored as an avenue to deliver mental health and well-being promotion. The aim of this study was to explore barriers and enablers for programs promoting mental health and well-being through rural Australian football clubs. METHOD This qualitative descriptive study included 12 individuals of 10 rural clubs affiliated with the South Australian National Football League. Recruitment occurred via emails to club secretaries/presidents. Semi-structured telephone interviews explored mental health and well-being issues experienced in clubs, previous involvement with mental well-being programs and potential barriers/enablers for future programs. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. RESULTS Thematic analysis identified three themes encompassing barriers and enablers: (1) more than a football club, (2) attitudes towards mental health and (3) what is needed to implement a program. The third theme had subthemes of resources, importance of timing, mental health initiatives and components of a program. CONCLUSION Key barriers included difficulty getting people involved due to individual attitudes towards mental health, and not having the finances/resources to implement a program. Major enablers included the important role the football club serves in the community, the inclusion of speakers with credibility and making the program engaging. SO WHAT?: This study identifies key factors which may impact on community engagement and program effectiveness for mental health and well-being programs delivered via rural football clubs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Hutchesson
- Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - James Dollman
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity, Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Amy Baker
- Mental Health & Suicide Prevention Group & Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jocelyn Kernot
- Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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121
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Abstract
Women currently represent nearly half of all medical school graduates and assistant professors at academic institutions. Despite the large pool of women in the academic medicine pipeline, relatively few ascend to top leadership positions and women remain grossly underrepresented among full professors, permanent department chairs, and highest-level deans/interim deans. Considerable evidence suggests that the gender imbalance observed at the top tiers of academic medicine is, in part, due to gender differences in promotional rates, with women being promoted more slowly than their male colleagues. The well-documented gender gaps in publications, grant support, recognition awards, speaker invitations, and leadership positions contribute to the slow progression of women in medicine, as promotions committees rely heavily upon these traditional measures of academic success to select candidates for career advancement. Additionally, implicit biases, which have been shown to favor men over women in science and leadership, influence decision-making processes relevant to the promotion of women in academia. With the large number of highly qualified women entering medicine, it is imperative that organizations, academic institutions, and leaders in the medical community address the systemic inequities that are preventing half the workforce from reaching its full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Nocco
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allison R Larson
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
Clinical faculty members in most pharmacy practice departments are expected to engage in practice, teaching, research and scholarship, and service. Although new clinical faculty members are typically well equipped to engage in the clinical practice aspect of their position, they generally lack experience in the other academic pillars and, depending on the institution, may not have dedicated time to engage in each area of effort, particularly research and scholarship. Consequently, achieving balance and realizing success in the tripartite mission of academia can be challenging. A multimodal approach can be used to facilitate advancement among clinical faculty members through faculty development and mentoring, attention to workload, clear expectations, and provision of feedback on performance and progression toward goals. This approach, which has been well received, has been associated with higher rates of promotion among clinical faculty members at one institution. Schools and colleges of pharmacy that value research and scholarship and are struggling to facilitate advancement among clinical faculty members may consider adopting some or all aspects of this program.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Allan Prescott
- University at Buffalo, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Buffalo, New York
- Editorial Board Member, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Arlington, Virginia
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123
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Dewald G, Reddy N. Becoming a Successful Nurse Manager. Nephrol Nurs J 2020; 47:259-265. [PMID: 32639128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
New nurse managers and nurses who wish to transition into management positions often look for guidance in improving their skills for the next level and to succeed in the job. This article provides guidelines and pragmatic advice for those who aspire to become a manager, started in their management role recently, and want to become successful in their current role and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Dewald
- Owner of Dewald and Associates. She is a member of ANNA's Alamo City Chapter
- on ANNA's Leadership Committee, and serves on the Board of Directors of ESRD Network of Texas
| | - Naveena Reddy
- Owner of Palmarius Consulting and a partner at Creative Health Media
- Serves as a Board Member for ANNA's Dallas Chapter
- Medical Council Member for ESRD Network of Texas
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Piercy KL, Bevington F, Vaux-Bjerke A, Hilfiker SW, Arayasirikul S, Barnett EY. Understanding Contemplators' Knowledge and Awareness of the Physical Activity Guidelines. J Phys Act Health 2020; 17:404-11. [PMID: 32087601 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2019-0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion completed research to understand factors that could encourage Americans to follow the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, second edition, released in 2018. This study describes survey research assessing demographic characteristics that might be related to knowledge and awareness of the guidelines. METHODS An online survey of 2050 adult physical activity contemplators assessed knowledge of physical activity, awareness of the guidelines, and knowledge of dosage recommendations. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed, and demographic differences in knowledge and awareness were analyzed using Pearson chi-square tests and Fisher exact tests. RESULTS Respondents had medium to high knowledge of physical activity, although knowledge varied significantly by socioeconomic factors. Knowledge of dosage recommendations was very low, with 2% and 3% of respondents correctly identifying recommended moderate- and vigorous-intensity doses, respectively. Only 22% were aware of the guidelines; awareness was greater among those with a higher education or income and those without a disability. CONCLUSIONS These findings guided the development of the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion's Move Your Way campaign and reinforced the need to raise awareness of the guidelines and promote behavior change among physical activity contemplators-particularly those from lower socioeconomic groups.
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Evans WD, Ulasevich A, Hatheway M, Deperthes B. Systematic Review of Peer-Reviewed Literature on Global Condom Promotion Programs. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E2262. [PMID: 32230929 PMCID: PMC7177514 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Globally, 1.7 million people were newly infected with HIV in 2018. Condoms are inexpensive, cost-effective, reduce HIV/STI incidence, morbidity, mortality, and unintended pregnancies, and result in health care cost savings. Given the rapid increase in at-risk adolescent and young adult (AYA) populations in countries with high HIV/STI prevalence as well as the reductions in donor support, promoting consistent condom use remains crucial. We synthesized all peer-reviewed literature on condom promotion programs with a focus on promotion in low and lower middle income (LMIC) countries and with AYA users. Methods: We systematically reviewed the published literature. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methods, we identified 99 articles published between 2000-2019. Results: Condom promotion programs were generally effective in changing attitudes, social norms, and beliefs in favor of condom use, and 85% demonstrated positive effects on multiple condom use measures. Programs targeting AYA were at least equally as effective as those targeting others and often showed greater use of best practices, such as mass media (66%) and audience segmentation (31%). We also saw differences between programs in the intervention strategies they used and found greater effects of marketing strategies on AYA compared to the overall sample. Conclusion: Condoms remain essential to prevention, and donor support must be maintained to combat the HIV/STI epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D. Evans
- Milken Institute School of Public Health and The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
| | | | - Megan Hatheway
- Milken Institute School of Public Health and The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
| | - Bidia Deperthes
- United Nations Family Planning Agency, New York, NY 10017, USA;
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de Deuge J, Hoang H, Kent K, Mond J, Bridgman H, Skromanis S, Smith L, Auckland S. Impacts of Community Resilience on the Implementation of a Mental Health Promotion Program in Rural Australia. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E2031. [PMID: 32204412 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mental health promotion programs are important in rural communities but the factors which influence program effectiveness remain unclear. The aim of this mixed-methods study was to assess how community resilience affected the implementation of a mental health promotion program in rural Tasmania, Australia. Four study communities were selected based on population size, rurality, access to local support services, history of suicide within the community, and maturity of the mental health promotion program. Data from self-report questionnaires (n = 245), including items of Communities Advancing Resilience Toolkit (CART) assessment, and qualitative (focus group and interview) data from key local stakeholders (n = 24), were pooled to explore the factors perceived to be influencing program implementation. Survey results indicate the primary community resilience strengths across the four sites were related to the 'Connection and Caring' domain. The primary community resilience challenges related to resources. Qualitative findings suggested lack of communication and leadership are key barriers to effective program delivery and identified a need to provide ongoing support for program staff. Assessment of perceived community resilience may be helpful in informing the implementation of mental health promotion programs in rural areas and, in turn, improve the likelihood of their success and sustainability.
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127
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Kartal A, Korkmaz Aslan G, Koştu N, Tümer A. Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of Geriatric Health Promotion scale. Int J Nurs Pract 2020; 27:e12832. [PMID: 32180290 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A measure for healthy lifestyle behaviours of older adults would enable the development of effective and target-based health promotion strategies. AIM This study aimed to test the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of Geriatric Health Promotion scale among older people in Turkey. DESIGN This was a methodological study that was conducted between June and August 2018. METHODS A total of 321 volunteer older individuals, who were admitted to local health centres, participated in this study. A questionnaire, including sociodemographic data form, and the Geriatric Health Promotion scale were used to collect data. Content and construct validity was established using validity analyses. RESULTS The reliability of the scale was confirmed by its internal consistency (α = .82) and test-retest reliability (0.86). Exploratory factor analysis for the six-factor construct explained 64.7% of the total variance. Factor loads of each item ranged from 0.44 and 0.91. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the theoretical constructs had a perfect fit with data obtained. These data establish that the Turkish version of the Geriatric Health Promotion scale was valid and reliable. CONCLUSION The Turkish version of the Geriatric Health Promotion scale is a reliable and valid instrument that can be used in the evaluation of health-promoting behaviours among older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiye Kartal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Public Health Nursing Department, Pamukkale University, Pamukkale, Turkey
| | - Gülbahar Korkmaz Aslan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Public Health Nursing Department, Pamukkale University, Pamukkale, Turkey
| | - Nazan Koştu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Public Health Nursing Department, Pamukkale University, Pamukkale, Turkey
| | - Adile Tümer
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Public Health Nursing Department, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
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128
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Mbuagbaw L, Anderson LN, Lokker C, Thabane L. Advice for Junior Faculty Regarding Academic Promotion: What Not to Worry About, and What to Worry About. J Multidiscip Healthc 2020; 13:117-122. [PMID: 32099379 PMCID: PMC7002385 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s240056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Junior faculty in many universities must go through the promotion process to advance from entry level, e.g., assistant professorship to associate Professor, and ultimately to professorship. The process may often be stressful for some junior faculty, mostly due to some uncertainty about how to optimise their chances of successful promotion. In this paper, we summarise some strategies that would enhance their chances of a smooth promotion based on experiences from junior faculty and senior faculty who have served on tenure and promotion committees. These strategies include understanding the promotion process at your institution; optimizing publications as first or senior author, securing research funding as principal investigator, teaching effectively, providing service efficiently; developing good time management and priority setting skills, finding excellent mentors, and targeting opportunities for collaboration. We also encourage junior faculty to be pro-active about promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Mbuagbaw
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Biostatistics Unit, St Joseph Healthcare - Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Centre for Development of Best Practices in Health, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Laura N Anderson
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Cynthia Lokker
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Biostatistics Unit, St Joseph Healthcare - Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Departments of Paediatrics and Anaesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Bhattacharya S, Pradhan KB, Bashar MA, Tripathi S, Thiyagarajan A, Srivastava A, Singh A. Salutogenesis: A bona fide guide towards health preservation. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:16-19. [PMID: 32110558 PMCID: PMC7014834 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_260_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Preserving health requires a holistic approach involving the component of physical, mental, social, and spiritual well-being as stated by World Health Organisation. Salutogenesis concept focuses on the factors responsible for well-being rather than the disease pathogenesis in contrary to pathogenesis concept. This evidence-based summary tries to shed a light on existing concept called salutogenesis which is much required in the current scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Bhattacharya
- Department of Community Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, India
| | - Keerti Bhusan Pradhan
- Department of Healthcare Management, Faculty Healthcare Management, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Md Abu Bashar
- Department of Community Medicine, MM Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, MMDU, Mullana, Haryana, India
| | - Shailesh Tripathi
- Directorate of Health Services, Health Administrator, Uttar Pradesh Government, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arulmani Thiyagarajan
- School of Public Health, Public Health Specialist, SRM University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhay Srivastava
- Department of Community Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, India
| | - Amarjeet Singh
- Department of Community Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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130
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Hadihardjono DN, Green M, Stormer A, Agustino, Izwardy D, Champeny M. Promotions of breastmilk substitutes, commercial complementary foods and commercial snack products commonly fed to young children are frequently found in points-of-sale in Bandung City, Indonesia. Matern Child Nutr 2020; 15 Suppl 4:e12808. [PMID: 31225709 PMCID: PMC6617717 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have documented the marketing of commercial foods and beverages for infants and young children in West Java, Indonesia. To assess the prevalence of promotions at points-of-sale for commercially produced products commonly fed to young children in Bandung City, 43 small and large stores were visited in 2017. Promotions for breastmilk substitutes (BMS), commercially produced complementary foods (CPCF), and select types of commercial snack products were photographed and information recorded on promotion characteristics. There were 402 and 206 promotions observed with BMS and CPCF products, respectively. Sixteen promotions with BMS products for infants under 12 months were found in 42.9% of stores selling BMS, violating national regulations. Almost all BMS promotions (98.3%) included BMS products for ages 1 year and above ("growing-up milks"). Of all BMS products available for sale, half of all infant/follow-up formula and 77.2% of growing-up milks were promoted. CPCF were found in 97.7% of stores, and 81.0% of these stores had promotions; 70.5% of all available CPCF products were promoted. Of the 2,451 promotions observed for commercial snack products, 17.3% used promotional techniques targeting young children or caregivers. Joint-promotions were common, with BMS and CPCF marketed in combination with commercial snack products; 49.0% of BMS promotions were joint BMS-snack promotions, and 80.0% or more of infant/follow-up formula promotions included a commercial snack. Revising and enforcing infant food and beverage marketing regulations to ensure consistency with global standards are necessary to protect and promote optimal infant and young child feeding in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ame Stormer
- Helen Keller International, New York, New York, USA
| | - Agustino
- Helen Keller International, New York, New York, USA
| | - Doddy Izwardy
- Direktorat Gizi Masyarakat-Kementerian Kesehatan RI, Jakarta, Indonesia
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131
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Hou K, Green M, Chum S, Kim C, Stormer A, Mundy G. Pilot implementation of a monitoring and enforcement system for the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes in Cambodia. Matern Child Nutr 2020; 15 Suppl 4:e12795. [PMID: 31225713 PMCID: PMC6618142 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Globally, monitoring and enforcement mechanisms for the World Health Organization's International Code of Marketing of Breast‐milk Substitutes are often lacking. The Cambodian government adopted the Code as the national standard in Sub‐Decree 133 on Marketing of Products for Infant and Young Child Feeding. Following the formation of a multisectoral Oversight Board and development of detailed guidance documents for the implementation and enforcement of Sub‐Decree 133, a 7‐month pilot was conducted in 2017 to trial a monitoring system in four urban areas of Cambodia. The pilot included training of monitors from the Ministries of Health and Commerce, screening for violations at retail locations and health facilities, testing reporting mechanisms, and taking actions against violators. During the pilot, 85 national‐ and subnational‐level monitors were trained, 392 site visits were made, 2,377 monitoring checklists were completed, and 11 warning letters were issued to violators. Half of the completed checklists (52.9%) indicated Code violations, yet monitors submitted zero violation reports. The pilot revealed modifications needed to the monitoring system: integrate monitor trainings into existing ministry training curricula for sustainability; enhance targeting of monitors for Sub‐Decree training; delineate clear roles and responsibilities for the national and subnational levels; simplify monitoring checklists and violation reports; and improve integration of monitoring activities into routine ministry operations. Before the Sub‐Decree 133 monitoring and enforcement system is implemented throughout Cambodia, revisions must be made to ensure the viability of this system. Challenges and lessons learned can also guide Code monitoring efforts being undertaken by other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kroeun Hou
- Helen Keller International, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Christine Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ame Stormer
- Helen Keller International, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gary Mundy
- Helen Keller International, New York, New York, USA
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132
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Ginsburg DB, Law AV, Mann HJ, Palombi L, Smith WT, Truong HA, Volino LR, Ekoma JO. Report of the 2018-2019 Strategic Engagement Standing Committee. Am J Pharm Educ 2020; 84:7597. [PMID: 32292198 PMCID: PMC7055409 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe7597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. Strategic engagement is critical to the success of colleges and schools of pharmacy in expanding pharmacy and public health practice, meeting programmatic needs, and fulfilling institutional missions. The AACP 2019-2020 Strategic Engagement Committee was charged with exploring faculty leadership and development as they relate to strategic engagement, considering challenges and barriers to faculty participation and identifying successes in faculty engagement and opportunities for professional development. The committee reviewed literature and examples regarding strategic engagement across academic pharmacy, with strategic engagement understood as being part of the service mission of academic institutions. The committee found faculty service is often not rewarded or recognized equally to efforts in research and education, including in promotion and tenure. The perceived low value often accorded to strategic engagement efforts, coupled with lack of time and low priority for the work, are barriers to faculty participation in strategic engagement. Service missions thrive when supported by institutional culture, faculty and alumni role models and administration priorities. The committee also found that there is no defined path to leadership in most national organizations, a limited number of leadership positions and a lack of awareness regarding these positions. However, strategic engagement with organizations can open doors and increase visibility for faculty, leading to enhanced opportunities and improved scholarship. Engagement efforts can be particularly successful when aligned with faculty interests and school and departmental priorities. Based on the committee's work, the following recommendations are provided to AACP for consideration.Recommendation #1 - AACP should create a pathway or exemplar stories of members who have become leaders within the Academy including institutional and volunteer leadership roles.Recommendation #2 - AACP should provide an organizational chart to outline the reporting structures, as well as the policy development process to help members understand how AACP works and points of entry for involvement.Recommendation #3 - AACP should develop an initiative to "groom" faculty for leadership roles including providing tools/training programs for emerging leaders within the Academy.Recommendation #4 - AACP should consider creating a community for targeted groups of faculty, eg, tenured/tenure-track and non-tenure track to address leadership development and engagement based on member interest.Recommendation #5 - AACP should establish a "service mentors" program to match current and past leaders with members interested in enhancing their involvement in the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane B Ginsburg
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Anandi V Law
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Henry J Mann
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Laura Palombi
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - W Thomas Smith
- College of Pharmacy, Natural and Health Sciences, Manchester University, North Manchester, Indiana
| | - Hoai-An Truong
- School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland
| | - Lucio R Volino
- School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Jeffrey O Ekoma
- American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, Arlington, Virginia
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133
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Aryeetey R, Lasisi O, Hromi-Fiedler A, Carroll G, Pérez-Escamilla R, Harding K. Design and testing of communication materials for a breastfeeding social media marketing campaign: Breastfeed4Ghana. Digit Health 2020; 6:2055207620909291. [PMID: 32206330 PMCID: PMC7079308 DOI: 10.1177/2055207620909291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breastfeed4Ghana was a social media-based campaign implemented to address identified gaps in the protection, promotion, and support of breastfeeding in Ghana. This paper describes the process of campaign materials development and testing to ensure their cultural and content appropriateness. The 60 campaign materials, each consisting of an image and text message, underwent a process of creation, testing, revision, and finalization. Existing research evidence and infant and young child feeding communication tools that were culturally relevant for Ghana were used to develop the materials. All materials were tested and finalized through an iterative process that incorporated input from six focus group discussions (FGDs) with mothers, and content and technical experts. The materials were revised to ensure scientific accuracy, understandability, and cultural appropriateness of the messages, as well as alignment of the messages with the images. Finalized materials were reviewed and approved by the Ghana Food and Drugs Authority. Analysis for this paper involved summarizing and categorizing the types and sources of input as well as the research team's responses to the input received. The 60 campaign materials received a total of 132 inputs. Most inputs came from FGDs (78.4%); and most inputs were on the campaign material images. The evidence-informed process of materials creation, use of multiple input sources, and a broad-based iterative process allowed the creation of 60 evidence-based and culturally appropriate materials for a breastfeeding social media campaign in Ghana. This paper could serve as a guide for other social media campaign efforts looking to develop culturally appropriate materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Aryeetey
- University of Ghana School of Public Health, Legon Accra, Ghana
| | - O Lasisi
- University of Ghana School of Public Health, Legon Accra, Ghana
| | | | - G Carroll
- Yale School of Public Health New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - K Harding
- Yale School of Public Health New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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134
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G. Stine
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University- Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA, USA,Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University- Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA, USA
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135
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Harding K, Aryeetey R, Carroll G, Lasisi O, Pérez-Escamilla R, Young M. Breastfeed4Ghana: Design and evaluation of an innovative social media campaign. Matern Child Nutr 2019; 16:e12909. [PMID: 31867865 PMCID: PMC7083481 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although targeting health behaviour change through social media campaigns has gained traction in recent years, few studies have focused on breastfeeding social media campaigns. Within the context of rising social media utilization and recent declines in exclusive breastfeeding practices in Ghana, we implemented Breastfeed4Ghana, a Facebook‐ and Twitter‐based breastfeeding social media campaign. This study determined feasibility of implementing Breastfeed4Ghana and evaluated its impact on breastfeeding knowledge in Ghana. Key performance indicators of the campaign were monitored on social media platforms, Facebook and Twitter. An online cross‐sectional survey conducted across three time points (n = 451) assessed breastfeeding knowledge, campaign exposure, and understanding and acceptability of Breastfeed4Ghana among Ghanaian adults. Modified Poisson models were used to assess the relationship between campaign exposure and breastfeeding knowledge, adjusting for survey time point, sex, and parenthood status. The campaign acquired 4,832 followers. Based on follower demographics collected from Facebook and Twitter analytics, the target population was successfully reached. Campaign exposure among survey participants was 42.3% and 48.7% at midline and endline, respectively. Campaign acceptability was high (>90%), and >44% of those exposed to the campaign also shared the campaign with others. However, 61.0% of those exposed did not know or could not remember the purpose of the campaign. Campaign exposure was not associated with higher breastfeeding knowledge (APR [95% confidence interval] = 0.96 [0.73, 1.26]). Breastfeed4Ghana was highly feasible. However, campaign understanding yielded mixed findings and may explain the limited impact on breastfeeding knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Grace Carroll
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Opeyemi Lasisi
- School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Forde H, White M, Levy L, Greaves F, Hammond D, Vanderlee L, Sharp S, Adams J. The Relationship between Self-Reported Exposure to Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Promotions and Intake: Cross-Sectional Analysis of the 2017 International Food Policy Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:E3047. [PMID: 31847203 DOI: 10.3390/nu11123047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is independently associated with several non-communicable diseases, so policymakers are increasingly implementing measures, such as marketing regulation, to reduce intake. To help understand how such measures work, this study examined the association between SSB consumption and self-reported exposure to SSB promotions, both overall and by type of promotion, and whether these relationships vary between the UK, USA, Canada, Mexico, and Australia. Cross-sectional analysis of the online 2017 International Food Policy Study was performed (n = 15,515). Participants were grouped into 5265 (34%) non-, 5117 (33%) low-, and 5133 (33%) high-SSB consumers. Multinomial logistic regression models examined whether SSB consumption varied by exposure to total SSB promotion and by type: traditional, digital, recreational environment, and functional environment. Multiplicative interactions were included to investigate international variations. An additional unit of total self-reported SSB promotion exposure increased the likelihood of participants being low SSB consumers (relative risk ratio (RRR) = 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.06–1.10) and high SSB consumers (RRR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.11–1.16). Only exposure to traditional and digital promotion increased the likelihood of participants being SSB consumers, though this may be explained by degree of exposure, which was not measured in this study. Some evidence illustrated international variation in these relationships.
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Herrera VH, Quintana HK, Niño C, Gómez B, Roa R. Tobacco advertisement, promotion and sponsorship ban enforcement index at sales points in Panama, 2017. Tob Induc Dis 2019; 17:07. [PMID: 31582919 PMCID: PMC6751964 DOI: 10.18332/tid/100526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We assess the tobacco advertisement, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS) ban enforcement in sales points in Panama in 2017. METHODS A nationwide observational survey to assess TAPS ban enforcement in sales points was conducted and involved retail sale in non-specialized stores with food, beverages or tobacco predominating according to the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities Rev. 4. A TAPS ban enforcement index was developed from factorial analysis by principal component with a polychoric correlation matrix to calculate the mean national index value. RESULTS The national TAPS ban enforcement index value was found to be 3.03. The index value in sales points according to the tobacco products advertisement was 1.98, which was significantly lower where the advertisement was present and 3.09 where it was absent (t=7.57, p<0.05). Each of the three health regions corresponding to Indigenous Territories had an index below the national mean: Emberá-Wounáan (2.52), Guna-Yala (2.65), and Ngäbe-Buglé (2.91). Similar findings were observed among health regions with a west national border: Chiriquí (2.80) and Bocas Del Toro (2.93). On the other hand, the top indices were observed in Panama Metro (3.25), Darién (3.53) and Coclé (3.63). CONCLUSIONS There is a high level of enforcement of the TAPS ban as a consequence of the full implementation of the FCTC as a law in Panama. However, indigenous territories and west national border areas had the lowest TAPS ban enforcement, making these populations vulnerable. A fertile ground for future research includes the identification of possible vulnerable targets for tobacco products advertisement, particularly in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Hugo Herrera
- Department of Health Technology Research and Evaluation, Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies, Panama City, Panama
| | - Hedley Knewjen Quintana
- Department of Health Technology Research and Evaluation, Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies, Panama City, Panama
| | - Cecilio Niño
- Department of Health Technology Research and Evaluation, Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies, Panama City, Panama
| | - Beatriz Gómez
- Department of Health Technology Research and Evaluation, Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies, Panama City, Panama
| | - Reina Roa
- Ministry of Health, Panama City, Panama
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138
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Abstract
The growing prevalence of adolescent mental disorders poses significant challenges for education and healthcare systems globally. Providers are therefore keen to identify effective ways of promoting positive mental health. This aim of this qualitative study was to explore perceptions that social media might be leveraged for the purposes of mental health promotion amongst adolescents aged between 11 and 18 years. Utilizing focus groups conducted with adolescents (N = 54), educational professionals (N = 16) and mental health practitioners (N = 8). We explored their views about the value of social media for this purpose. Three themes were identified. First, social media appears to have potential to promote positive mental health. Second, adolescents frequently utilize social media and the internet to seek information about mental health. Finally, there are benefits and challenges to using social media in this way. We conclude that despite challenges of using social media and the risks, social media does offer a useful way of educating and reaching adolescents to promote mental wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle O’Reilly
- The Greenwood Institute of Child Health, University of Leicester, Westcotes Drive, Leicester, UK
| | - Nisha Dogra
- The Greenwood Institute of Child Health, University of Leicester, Westcotes Drive, Leicester, UK
| | - Jason Hughes
- University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, UK
| | - Paul Reilly
- Information School, University of Sheffield, 235 Regent Court, 211 Portobello, Sheffield, UK
| | - Riya George
- Bart’s and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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139
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Abstract
AIM To explore the enablers and barriers perceived by community nurses in the promotion of oral health in an adult community trust directorate. BACKGROUND Oral health care promotion in community care settings is being neglected. England and Wales have witnessed marked improvements in periodontal disease; however, no improvements have been seen in older people. METHOD A qualitative methodology was employed, where eight nurses from Band 5 to 7 were interviewed using a semi-structured approach. The data was analysed thematically. FINDINGS Data analysis was organised into four themes: professional self-concept and the development of knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary in the promotion of oral health; the impact an organisation has on the promotion of oral health and an exploration of the enablers and barriers identified by the community nurses while delivering care; the relationships between the nurse and patient and the potential impact on oral health promotion; the concept of self-regard in relation to the promotion of oral health and its overall impact. A commitment to improving oral health and requests for additional educational input were apparent. Organisational enablers and barriers were identified, alongside the crucial role a positive self-regard for oral health care may play in the promotion of oral health. CONCLUSION Nurses need relevant education, organisational support, adequate resources and support from a multidisciplinary team to deliver optimal oral health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Garry
- Clinical Teacher, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, King's College London
| | - Sue Boran
- Senior Fellow, Higher Education Academy, Course Director District Nursing, School of Health and Social Care, Department of Primary and Social Care, London South Bank University
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Kuo IC, Levine RB, Gauda EB, Bodurtha J, Clements J, Fivush B, Ishii L. Identifying Gender Disparities and Barriers to Measuring the Status of Female Faculty: The Experience of a Large School of Medicine. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2019; 28:1569-1575. [PMID: 31268398 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2018.7610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Women in academic medicine are not attaining parity with men in several domains. This issue is not only one of fairness; some funding agencies are requesting data on gender benchmarking. However, most published reports on gender disparities have not included examination of trends or actionable recommendations to address them. Materials and Methods: The Dean of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine charged the Committee on the Status of Women (CSW) with conducting a comprehensive review of gender equity. In 2014, the CSW identified key domains important for academic success and created a sustainable framework to monitor trends by gender. Utilizing data from multiple key sources, the CSW measured differences in the domains of academic promotion, leadership, and satisfaction. Results: Gender differences were present in each domain. Data were not centralized and not readily available for most domains. The CSW recommended strategies to address gender disparities and created a set of measurable recommendations to monitor progress. The recommendations include requiring detailed descriptions of departmental organizational leadership charts; diverse compositions of both search committees and applicant pools; increased proportion of female faculty in top-tier leadership positions; and transparent departmental promotions criteria and processes. Conclusions: To maintain progress, we recommend that data be readily and easily accessible from a central institutional registry rather than come from multiple sources, that data be analyzed on a regular basis, and that results be shared across the institution to ensure transparency and accountability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene C Kuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rachel B Levine
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Estelle B Gauda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joann Bodurtha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Janice Clements
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Barbara Fivush
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lisa Ishii
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Blumenthal KG, Huebner EM, Banerji A, Long AA, Gross N, Kapoor N, Blumenthal DM. Sex differences in academic rank in allergy/immunology. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:1697-1702.e1. [PMID: 31279008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female physicians are significantly less likely than male physicians to be full professors, even after accounting for age, experience, specialty, and measures of research and clinical productivity. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate sex differences in academic rank in the allergy and immunology workforce. METHODS We used a cross-sectional physician data set containing the allergist's sex, age, years since residency, faculty appointment, authored publications, National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding, clinical trial investigation, and Medicare reimbursement to investigate sex differences in the academic allergy and immunology workforce using multilevel logistic regression models. RESULTS Among 507 academic allergists (9.3% of practicing US allergists in 2014), 323 (63.7%) were men, and 184 (36.3%) were women. Female allergists were younger (47.9 vs 56.9 years, P < .001), had fewer total (12.5 vs 28.7, P < .001) and first/last author (8.0 vs 21.5, P < .001) average publications, were less likely to have NIH funding (13.0% vs 23.5%, P = .004), were less frequently a clinical trial investigator (10.3% vs 16.1%, P = .07), and generated less average annual Medicare revenue ($44,000 vs $23,000, P = .10). Of 152 (30.0%) full professors, 126 (82.9%) were male, and 26 (17.0%) were female. After multivariable adjustment, rates of full professorship among female and male allergists were not significantly different (absolute adjusted difference for female vs male allergists, 6.0%; 95% CI, -8.3% to 20.2%). CONCLUSIONS Among allergists with US medical school faculty appointments, men and women were similarly likely to be full professors after accounting for factors influencing promotion. Underlying differences in research productivity and NIH funding not explained by age differences alone warrant additional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly G Blumenthal
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
| | - Emily M Huebner
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass; Division of Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Mass
| | - Aleena Banerji
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Aidan A Long
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | | | - Neena Kapoor
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Daniel M Blumenthal
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass; Devoted Health, Waltham, Mass
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Raber-Johnson ML, Gallwitz WE, Sullivan EJ, Storer P. Innovation in Clinical Trial Design and Product Promotion: Evolving the Patient Perspective With Regulatory and Technological Advances. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2019:2168479019846062. [PMID: 31130014 DOI: 10.1177/2168479019846062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Clinical trials are evolving to innovative designs and capabilities. Clinical outcomes from pivotal trials are the backbone of good marketing practices. Novel study designs included in product labels and the uptick of innovative technology foreshadow a crescendo of patient empowerment not only in clinical trials, but also in the real-world setting. The following review will initially explore the dynamic relationship between clinical development and commercial teams. How clinical development is evolving to increase patient-focused drug development and regulatory review will then be reviewed via recent legislation; the 21st Century Cures Act is one glimpse at innovative inclusion of the patient perspective via patient experience data, related information, and real-world evidence. Trends in direct-to-consumer technology such as digital health will be also appraised. Predictions are made on how the aforementioned advances may create challenges and opportunities to promotional practices, including cross-collaboration of marketing teams and planning for the next level of patient empowerment. Finally, a hypothetical scenario is provided to illustrate marketing/commercial dynamics when planning for and promoting data from an innovative trial design with real-world evidence.
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Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a major preventable risk factor for lung cancer, contributing to lung cancer progression and metastasis. Moreover, cigarette smoking correlates with increased metastasis frequency of pancreatic, breast and bladder cancer. The aim of this review was to examine the role of cigarette smoke extract in cell cycle and cancer progression. Clinical impact and the effects of cigarette smoke extract on carcinogenesis are discussed. 98 of the over 5000 chemicals in tobacco smoke are known carcinogens that can act on cancer genes such as K-RAS and p53. Through various mechanisms these compounds can activate molecules involved in the cell cycle, such as cyclins, and molecules involved in apoptosis and autophagy, such as Beclin-1 or LC3B. A search of the literature, including in vitro and in vivo studies, was carried out and the results summarized. There is evidence of cancerogenic effects of cigarette smoke compounds. Cigarette smoke extract is a tobacco condensate obtained by filtration processes. Studies have shown that it can modify the cell cycle, inducing uncontrolled cell proliferation. This effect occurs through activation of genetic and epigenetic pathways and increasing the expression of proteins involved in inflammation. The pathways activated by cigarette smoke extract open up opportunities for researchers to develop new targeted therapies toward the specific molecules involved. Furthermore, the effects exerted by cigarette smoke extract on normal epithelial cells hold potential for use in the development of prevention medicine and early cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Pezzuto
- Cardiovascular & Thoracic Department, AOU Sant'Andrea, Sapienza - Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Ivana Croghan
- Department of Medicine Clinical Research Office & Primary Care Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Giuseppe Tonini
- Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
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144
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Kalola AS, Dean R. The United States Food and Drug Administration and Prescription Drug Promotion. J Innov Card Rhythm Manag 2019; 10:3588-3591. [PMID: 32477722 PMCID: PMC7252651 DOI: 10.19102/icrm.2019.100305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of prescription drug promotion on health-care professionals (HCPs) is significant. Pharmaceutical industry spending on promotion to HCPs greatly outpaces spending on direct-to-consumer promotion. According to Syneos Health™ PromotionalAnswers, in 2017, the pharmaceutical industry spent more than $24 billion on drug promotion, with more than $18.5 billion allotted for marketing to HCPs. Although prescription drug promotion can provide valuable information about drug therapies, it is essential that it be truthful, balanced, and not misleading, because HCPs may consider this information when making treatment decisions for their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur S Kalola
- Office of Prescription Drug Promotion, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Robert Dean
- Office of Prescription Drug Promotion, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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145
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Shafer KM, Hira RS, Sinha SS, Pfeiffer M, Abudayyeh I, Feldman DN, Leung S, Damp J, Gopinathannair R, Valente AM, Sivaram CA, Freeman AM. Academic Advancement in the Current Era: Integrating and Empowering Clinician Educators. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 73:620-3. [PMID: 30732717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Mo LQ, Huang XF, Huang G, Yuan GP, Wei SJ. Highly Active Catalysis of Cobalt Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin Promoted by Chitosan for Cyclohexane Oxidation in Response-Surface-Methodology-Optimized Reaction Conditions. Chemistry 2019; 8:104-113. [PMID: 30693174 PMCID: PMC6345221 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We aimed at elevating catalytic performances of cobalt tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin (Co TPFPP) through axial coordination, nanocavities, and covalently grafting action. The Co TPFPP was immobilized onto nanoporous and nonporous chitosan, forming Co TPFPP/np‐ and nonp‐CTS catalysts, respectively. The catalysts were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. The catalytic performances of these catalysts for cyclohexane oxidation under response‐surface‐methodology‐optimized oxidation reaction conditions were estimated and compared. Co TPFPP/np‐CTS was an excellent catalyst at aspect of catalytic activity, exhibiting the considerable potential reusability, 24.2 mol % yields (KA oil : cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol) in average, and total turnover frequencies (TOFs) of 3.25×106 h−1. This is attributed to the structural characteristics of the Co TPFPP/np‐CTS catalyst: the cobalt porphyrin molecules could be highly scattered on CTS, forming the independent active sites, and were not leached. The axial coordination exerted the most important effect on the catalytic activity, and the covalent grafting action had a decisive effect on the increase of the total TOFs and on the reusability of the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Qiang Mo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University 530004 Nanning, Guangxi P.R.China
| | - Xian-Fei Huang
- School ofComputerandElectronicInformation Guangxi University 530004 Nanning, Guangxi P.R.China
| | - Guan Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University 530004 Nanning, Guangxi P.R.China
| | - Guang-Ping Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University 530004 Nanning, Guangxi P.R.China
| | - Su-Juan Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University 530004 Nanning, Guangxi P.R.China
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147
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Alberga AS, Fortier M, Bean C, Freedhoff Y. Youth get a D+ grade in physical activity: How can we change public health messages to help reverse this trend? Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:567-570. [PMID: 30689401 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to critique how the promotion of physical activity (PA) is communicated and offer evidence-based alternative framings to encourage PA in youth. We argue that PA promotion messaging should not be tied to outcomes that focus on changing physical appearance, preventing or treating diseases, or sport performance or competition. From a public health perspective, we suggest that PA should instead focus on campaigns, policies, and programs that tie PA to enjoyment, wellbeing, and play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela S Alberga
- a Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Michelle Fortier
- b School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Corliss Bean
- c School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Yoni Freedhoff
- d Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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Kosowan L, Wener P, Holmqvist M, Gonzalez M, Halas G, Rothney J, Katz A. Physical activity promotion in Manitoba: Strengths, needs, and moving forward. SAGE Open Med 2019; 7:2050312118822910. [PMID: 30728967 PMCID: PMC6350162 DOI: 10.1177/2050312118822910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To present findings of a workshop with physical activity professionals in
Manitoba, Canada, to facilitate the enhancement of physical activity
promotion efforts by exploring (1) effective physical activity strategies,
(2) methods to strengthen physical activity strategies, (3) challenges in
implementing physical activity strategies in Manitoba, and (4) strategies to
support collaboration. Methods: The Manitoba Research Chair in Primary Prevention hosted a workshop for 54
stakeholders in Manitoba. Qualitative and quantitative data obtained from
the workshop were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and univariate
descriptive analysis. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants
with diverse experiences in physical activity promotion. Results: Strategies were identified and presented according to the socioecological
model. Community assessment and community engagement, regional partnerships,
capacity building, and mitigation of barriers characterized the discussion.
In addition, discussions emphasized the need for the consistent and
comprehensive application of a provincial physical activity action plan. The
workshop ended with a discussion of the importance of collaboration to
improve physical activity programs and initiatives. Conclusion: Several common needs were identified that reflect topics from the broader
literature. Collaborations and insights from workshop participants provide
direction to target increased physical activity support and programming
across disciplines, sectors, and regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Kosowan
- Department of Family Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Pamela Wener
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Maxine Holmqvist
- Clinical Health Psychology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Miriam Gonzalez
- Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gayle Halas
- Department of Family Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Janet Rothney
- Neil John Maclean Health Sciences Library, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Alan Katz
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, & Departments of Community Health Sciences and Family Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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149
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Kanai M, Izawa KP, Nozoe M, Kubo H, Kobayashi M, Onishi A, Mase K, Shimada S. Long-Term Effect of Promoting In-Hospital Physical Activity on Postdischarge Patients with Mild Ischemic Stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019; 28:1048-1055. [PMID: 30639145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there are reports on the promotion of physical activity during hospitalization, there is no evidence that promoting in-hospital physical activity continues over time after discharge. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term effect of promoting in-hospital physical activity on postdischarge physical activity and self-efficacy for physical activity in patients with mild ischemic stroke. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of a post hoc analysis of a previous randomized controlled trial. Patients with mild ischemic stroke were divided into the intervention group (in which physical activity was promoted during hospitalization) and a control group. To promote in-hospital physical activity, patients in the intervention group were instructed in the self-monitoring approach. After discharge, we measured physical activity and self-efficacy for physical activity by mailing a questionnaire to the patients. The average number of steps taken was used the index of postdischarge physical activity. RESULTS The study sample comprised 30 patients, with 13 patients in the intervention group and 17 patients in the control group. There were no significant differences in physical activity values (6176.8 versus 6112.8 steps/day, P = .932) and self-efficacy for physical activity score (66.0 versus 76.0 points, P = .801) between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the promotion of in-hospital physical activity did not appear to increase physical activity and self-efficacy for physical activity in patients with mild ischemic stroke after discharge. Additional study is needed to establish a more specific approach to promote physical activity during hospitalization that will carry over during long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Kanai
- Department of Rehabilitation, Itami Kousei Neurosurgical Hospital, Itami, Japan; Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan; Cardiovascular stroke Renal Project (CRP), Kobe, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro P Izawa
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan; Cardiovascular stroke Renal Project (CRP), Kobe, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Nozoe
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Konan Women's University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kubo
- Department of Rehabilitation, Itami Kousei Neurosurgical Hospital, Itami, Japan
| | - Miki Kobayashi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Itami Kousei Neurosurgical Hospital, Itami, Japan
| | - Akira Onishi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Itami Kousei Neurosurgical Hospital, Itami, Japan
| | - Kyoshi Mase
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Konan Women's University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shinichi Shimada
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Itami Kousei Neurosurgical Hospital, Itami, Japan; Cardiovascular stroke Renal Project (CRP), Kobe, Japan
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150
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