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Tuzimski T, Petruczynik A. Determination of Anti-Alzheimer's Disease Activity of Selected Plant Ingredients. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103222. [PMID: 35630702 PMCID: PMC9147832 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, among which one of the more common is Alzheimer’s disease, are the one of the biggest global public health challenges facing our generation because of the increasing elderly population in most countries. With the growing burden of these diseases, it is essential to discover and develop new treatment options capable of preventing and treating them. Neurodegenerative diseases, among which one of the most common is Alzheimer’s disease, are a multifactorial disease and therefore demand multiple therapeutic approaches. One of the most important therapeutic strategies is controlling the level of acetylcholine—a neurotransmitter in cholinergic synapses—by blocking the degradation of acetylcholine using acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as tacrine, galantamine, donepezil and rivastigmine. However, these drugs can cause some adverse side effects, such as hepatotoxicity and gastrointestinal disorder. Thus, the search for new, more effective drugs is very important. In the last few years, different active constituents from plants have been tested as potential drugs in neurodegenerative disease therapy. The availability, lower price and less toxic effects of herbal medicines compared with synthetic agents make them a simple and excellent choice in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The empirical approach to discovering new drugs from the systematic screening of plant extracts or plant-derived compounds is still an important strategy when it comes to finding new biologically active substances. The aim of this review is to identify new, safe and effective compounds that are potential candidates for further in vivo and clinical tests from which more effective drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease could be selected. We reviewed the methods used to determine anti-Alzheimer’s disease activity. Here, we have discussed the relevance of plant-derived compounds with in vitro activity. Various plants and phytochemical compounds have shown different activity that could be beneficial in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disorders. Most often, medicinal plants and their active components have been investigated as acetylcholinesterase and/or butyrylcholinesterase activity inhibitors, modifiers of β-amyloid processing and antioxidant agents. This study also aims to highlight species with assessed efficacy, usable plant parts and the most active plant components in order to identify species and compounds of interest for further study. Future research directions are suggested and recommendations made to expand the use of medicinal plants, their formulations and plant-derived active compounds to prevent, mitigate and treat Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Tuzimski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (T.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Anna Petruczynik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (T.T.); (A.P.)
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152
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Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep is a prominent behavioral and biochemical state observed in all animals studied, including platyhelminth flatworms. Investigations into the biochemical mechanisms associated with sleep-and wakefulness-are important for understanding how these states are regulated and how that regulation changed with the evolution of new types of animals. Unfortunately, beyond a handful of vertebrates, such studies on invertebrates are rare. METHODS We investigated the effect of seven neurotransmitters, and one pharmacological compound, that modulate either sleep or wakefulness in mammals, on flatworms (Girardia tigrina). Flatworms were exposed via ingestion and diffusion to four neurotransmitters that promote wakefulness in vertebrates (acetylcholine, dopamine, glutamate, histamine), and three that induce sleep (adenosine, GABA, serotonin) along with the H1 histamine receptor antagonist pyrilamine. Compounds were administered over concentrations spanning three to five orders of magnitude. Flatworms were then transferred to fresh water and video recorded for analysis. RESULTS Dopamine and histamine decreased the time spent inactive and increased distance traveled, consistent with their wake-promoting effect in vertebrates and fruit flies; pyrilamine increased restfulness and GABA showed a nonsignificant trend towards promoting restfulness in a dose-dependent manner, in agreement with their sleep-inducing effect in vertebrates, fruit flies, and Hydra. Similar to Hydra, acetylcholine, glutamate, and serotonin, but also adenosine, had no apparent effect on flatworm behavior. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate the potential of neurotransmitters to regulate sleep and wakefulness in flatworms and highlight the conserved action of some neurotransmitters across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauni E T Omond
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew W Hale
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John A Lesku
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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153
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Donovan E, Avila C, Klausner S, Parikh V, Fenollar-Ferrer C, Blakely RD, Sarter M. Disrupted Choline Clearance and Sustained Acetylcholine Release In Vivo by a Common Choline Transporter Coding Variant Associated with Poor Attentional Control in Humans. J Neurosci 2022; 42:3426-3444. [PMID: 35232764 PMCID: PMC9034784 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1334-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transport of choline via the neuronal high-affinity choline transporter (CHT; SLC5A7) is essential for cholinergic terminals to synthesize and release acetylcholine (ACh). In humans, we previously demonstrated an association between a common CHT coding substitution (rs1013940; Ile89Val) and reduced attentional control as well as attenuated frontal cortex activation. Here, we used a CRISPR/Cas9 approach to generate mice expressing the I89V substitution and assessed, in vivo, CHT-mediated choline transport, and ACh release. Relative to wild-type (WT) mice, CHT-mediated clearance of choline in male and female mice expressing one or two Val89 alleles was reduced by over 80% in cortex and over 50% in striatum. Choline clearance in CHT Val89 mice was further reduced by neuronal inactivation. Deficits in ACh release, 5 and 10 min after repeated depolarization at a low, behaviorally relevant frequency, support an attenuated reloading capacity of cholinergic neurons in mutant mice. The density of CHTs in total synaptosomal lysates and neuronal plasma-membrane-enriched fractions was not impacted by the Val89 variant, indicating a selective impact on CHT function. When challenged with a visual disruptor to reveal attentional control mechanisms, Val89 mice failed to adopt a more conservative response bias. Structural modeling revealed that Val89 may attenuate choline transport by altering conformational changes of CHT that support normal transport rates. Our findings support the view that diminished sustained cholinergic signaling capacity underlies perturbed attentional performance in individuals expressing CHT Val89. The CHT Val89 mouse serves as a valuable model to study heritable risk for cognitive disorders arising from cholinergic dysfunction.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Acetylcholine (ACh) signaling depends on the functional capacity of the neuronal choline transporter (CHT). Previous research demonstrated that humans expressing the common CHT coding variant Val89 exhibit attentional vulnerabilities and attenuated fronto-cortical activation during attention. Here, we find that mice engineered to express the Val89 variant exhibit reduced CHT-mediated choline clearance and a diminished capacity to sustain ACh release. Additionally, Val89 mice lack cognitive flexibility in response to an attentional challenge. These findings provide a mechanistic and cognitive framework for interpreting the attentional phenotype associated with the human Val89 variant and establish a model that permits a more invasive interrogation of CNS effects as well as the development of therapeutic strategies for those, including Val89 carriers, with presynaptic cholinergic perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eryn Donovan
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Cassandra Avila
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Sarah Klausner
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Vinay Parikh
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - Cristina Fenollar-Ferrer
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Section of Human Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Randy D Blakely
- Stiles-Nicholson Brain Institute and Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Martin Sarter
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Program and Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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154
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Schloss MJ, Hulsmans M, Rohde D, Lee IH, Severe N, Foy BH, Pulous FE, Zhang S, Kokkaliaris KD, Frodermann V, Courties G, Yang C, Iwamoto Y, Knudsen AS, McAlpine CS, Yamazoe M, Schmidt SP, Wojtkiewicz GR, Masson GS, Gustafsson K, Capen D, Brown D, Higgins JM, Scadden DT, Libby P, Swirski FK, Naxerova K, Nahrendorf M. B lymphocyte-derived acetylcholine limits steady-state and emergency hematopoiesis. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:605-618. [PMID: 35352063 PMCID: PMC8989652 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01165-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autonomic nerves control organ function through the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, which have opposite effects. In the bone marrow, sympathetic (adrenergic) nerves promote hematopoiesis; however, how parasympathetic (cholinergic) signals modulate hematopoiesis is unclear. Here, we show that B lymphocytes are an important source of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system, which reduced hematopoiesis. Single-cell RNA sequencing identified nine clusters of cells that expressed the cholinergic α7 nicotinic receptor (Chrna7) in the bone marrow stem cell niche, including endothelial and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Deletion of B cell-derived acetylcholine resulted in the differential expression of various genes, including Cxcl12 in leptin receptor+ (LepR+) stromal cells. Pharmacologic inhibition of acetylcholine signaling increased the systemic supply of inflammatory myeloid cells in mice and humans with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian J Schloss
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maarten Hulsmans
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Rohde
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - I-Hsiu Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicolas Severe
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brody H Foy
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fadi E Pulous
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Konstantinos D Kokkaliaris
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vanessa Frodermann
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabriel Courties
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chongbo Yang
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yoshiko Iwamoto
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anders Steen Knudsen
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cameron S McAlpine
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Masahiro Yamazoe
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen P Schmidt
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory R Wojtkiewicz
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gustavo Santos Masson
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karin Gustafsson
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Diane Capen
- Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennis Brown
- Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John M Higgins
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David T Scadden
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter Libby
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Filip K Swirski
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kamila Naxerova
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
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Ashraf G, Asif M, Aziz A, Iftikhar T, Zhong ZT, Zhang S, Liu B, Chen W, Zhao YD. Advancing interfacial properties of carbon cloth via anodic-induced self-assembly of MOFs film integrated with α-MnO 2: A sustainable electrocatalyst sensing acetylcholine. J Hazard Mater 2022; 426:128133. [PMID: 34968843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The metal organic frameworks (MOFs) with tunable composition, modified structure, and morphologically controlled nanoarchitectures are quite imperative to improve the electrochemical (EC) performances of sensing platforms. Herein, EC control over the fabrication of HKUST-1 (Cu-MOFs) nanocrystals is achieved via anodic-induced electrodeposition approach following the mixing of Cu2+ salt precursor in the vicinity of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (BTC3-) ligands. The problem of controlled mass transfer and slow dispersal of MOFs is resolved by EC deposition of pyramidal-octagonal MOFs on a highly conductive and flexible carbon substrate (activated carbon cloth, ACC) wrapped with rGO layers (ACC-rGO@Cu(BTC). Further, α-MnO2 is integrated on ACC-rGO@Cu(BTC) to achieve the synergistic effect of ternary structure interfaces. The novel ACC-rGO@Cu(BTC)@MnO2 based flexible electrode exhibits striking EC performance toward non-enzymatic sensing of acetylcholine (ACh) including wide linear range (0.1 µM - 3 mM), lowest detection limit (5 nM, S/N = 3), high selectivity, and long-term stability. Moreover, the developed sensing system has been applied for real-time detection of ACh efflux released from three different cell lines and biological matrices. Our work unlocks a new prospect of precisely structured MOFs with extensive functionalities and scaled-up fabrication methods via selection of nanoscale reaction centers to develop flexible sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazala Ashraf
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Hubei key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, PR China
| | - Ayesha Aziz
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
| | - Tayyaba Iftikhar
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Zi-Tao Zhong
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shujie Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
| | - Bo Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Yuan-Di Zhao
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics (HUST), Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China.
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156
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Lü XY, Meng C, An S, Zhao YF, Wang ZG. Study on influence of external factors on the electrical excitability of PC12 quasi-neuronal networks through Voltage Threshold Measurement Method. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265078. [PMID: 35263381 PMCID: PMC8906582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to investigate the influence of four different external factors (acetylcholine, ethanol, temperature and lidocaine hydrochloride) on PC12 quasi-neuronal networks by multielectrode-array-based Voltage Threshold Measurement Method (VTMM). At first, VTMM was employed to measure the lowest amplitude of the voltage stimulating pulses that could just trigger the action potential from PC12 quasi-neuronal networks under normal conditions, and the amplitude was defined as the normal voltage threshold (VTh). Then the changes of the VTh of PC12 quasi-neuronal networks treated by the four external factors were tested respectively. The results showed the normal VTh of PC12 quasi-neuronal networks was 36 mV. The VTh has negative correlation with the concentration of acetylcholine and has positive correlation with the concentration of ethanol. The curves of the correlation of the VTh with temperature and the concentration of lidocaine hydrochloride were U-shaped and Λ-shaped respectively. Comparing with our earlier studies on hippocampal neuronal networks and hippocampal slices, PC12 quasi-neuronal networks not only had the same typical voltage threshold characteristic, but also had similar changes on electrical excitability when treated by the four external factors mentioned above. Therefore, the rapid-formed PC12 quasi-neuronal networks could replace neuronal networks in proper conditions, and VTMM could be used to analyze the influence of external factors on the electrical excitability of PC12 quasi-neuronal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail: (XYL); (ZGW)
| | - Chen Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shuai An
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yong-Fang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhi-Gong Wang
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of RF- & OE-ICs, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail: (XYL); (ZGW)
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157
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Marszałek M, Serzysko T, Sienkiewicz W. Immunohistochemical study on the development of cholinergic and nitrergic nerve structures in the bovine esophageal groove. Pol J Vet Sci 2022; 25:165-174. [PMID: 35575793 DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.140853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The proper functioning of the perinatal sucking reflex in calves is essential for the prevention of milk leakage into the rumen. The complex process behind its regulation is mediated at the gut level via multiple excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, of which acetylcholine and nitric oxide are of fundamental importance. The aim of our study was to depict age-related alterations in the cholinergic and nitrergic innervation of the esophageal groove (EG) using immunohistochemistry and Real-Time PCR methods. We found out that the highest number of cholinergic nerve cells was present in the second trimester fetuses. From this developmental stage onward, their amount was gradually decreasing and reached the lowest value in 4-year-old cows. The same developmental pattern was observed for nitrergic nerve structures with the highest percentage of nitrergic neurons in the third trimester fetuses. Our observations prove that both neuronal populations are crucial for a proper closure of EG in calves. Therefore, their contribution to a general neuronal activity in the ENS diminishes with age as the high motility of a gastric groove is not necessarily required in older cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marszałek
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - T Serzysko
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - W Sienkiewicz
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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158
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Abstract
Airway smooth muscle contraction is one of the primary factors involved in the initiation and progression of asthma which in turn is regulated by increased cytosolic Ca2+ concentration from intracellular stores and through transmembrane ion channels. Calcium-independent factors such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, nitric oxide (NO) depletion and cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways also contribute to tracheal smooth muscle contraction. Studies on copper toxicity suggest significance of this essential micronutrient overdose in acute respiratory disorders, allergic asthma and ciliary motion in tracheal explants. However, the mechanism of copper caused hypercontraction upon direct exposure to tracheal smooth muscle is largely unknown. In this study we investigate the effect of copper exposure on isolated tracheal rings and relative contributions of various factors in acetylcholine-induced contractions. Results obtained suggest that rise in intracellular calcium concentration via voltage-operated Ca2+ channel (VOCC), store-operated Ca2+ channel (SOCC), stretch-activated channels (SAC) and TRP channel (transient receptor potential channel) activation is the major factor in copper-mediated hypercontraction. ROS generation or COX-dependent pathways do not appear to significantly contribute to Cu2+ caused hypercontraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Afrin
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Seemi Farhat Basir
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Luqman A Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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159
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Bantz A, Goven D, Siegwart M, Maugin S, Raymond V. Exposure to a sublethal dose of imidacloprid induces cellular and physiological changes in Periplaneta americana: Involvement of α2 nicotinic acetylcholine subunit in imidacloprid sensitivity. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2022; 181:105014. [PMID: 35082037 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.105014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are the most important class of insecticides used as pest management tools during several decades. Exposition of insect to sublethal dose of insecticide induces physiological and cellular changes that could contribute to the adaptation of the insects in order to loss their sensitivity to insecticides. The aim of our study is to demonstrate that a subchronic exposure to a sublethal dose of a neonicotinoid imidacloprid is sufficient to induce molecular changes leading to a loss of imidacloprid sensitivity. We report that in the cockroach, Periplaneta americana, subchronic exposure to a sublethal dose of imidacloprid induced weak changes in detoxification enzyme activity and a significant decrease of the nicotinic acetylcholine α2 mRNA. This molecular effect is correlated to a decrease of imidacloprid sensitivity of cockroaches. Using RNA interference, we shown the key role of nicotinic acetylcholine α2 subunit in imidacloprid sensitivity. Thus, quantitative changes in insecticide targets lead to decreased sensitivity to insecticides. This parameter needs to be considered in order to develop sustainable insect resistance management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Bantz
- Univ Angers, INRAE, SiFCIR, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France.
| | - Delphine Goven
- Univ Angers, INRAE, SiFCIR, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France.
| | - Myriam Siegwart
- INRAE, UR 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles (PSH), 84914 Avignon, France.
| | - Sandrine Maugin
- INRAE, UR 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles (PSH), 84914 Avignon, France.
| | - Valerie Raymond
- Univ Angers, INRAE, SiFCIR, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France.
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Zhang Z, Jiang J, Xiao Liu X, Wang X, Wang L, Qiu Y, Zhang Z, Zheng Y, Wu X, Liang J, Tian C, Chen CC. Surface-Anchored Acetylcholine Regulates Band-Edge States and Suppresses Ion Migration in a 21%-Efficient Quadruple-Cation Perovskite Solar Cell. Small 2022; 18:e2105184. [PMID: 34851037 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although incorporating multiple halogen (bromine) anions and alkali (rubidium) cations can improve the open-circuit voltage (Voc ) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), severe voltage loss and poor stability have remained pivotal limitations to their further commercialization. In this study, acetylcholine (ACh+ ) is anchored to the surface of a quadruple-cation perovskite to provide additional electron states near the valence band maximum of the perovskite surface, thereby enhancing the band alignment and minimizing the Voc loss significantly. Moreover, the quaternary ammonium and carbonyl units of ACh+ passivate the antisite and vacancy defects of the organic/inorganic hybrid perovskite. Because of strong interactions between ACh+ and the perovskite, the formation of lead clusters and the migration of halogen anions in the perovskite film are suppressed. As a result, the device prepared with ACh+ post-treatment delivers a power conversion efficiency (PCE) (21.56%) and a value of Voc (1.21 V) that are much higher than those of the pristine device, along with a twofold decrease in the hysteresis index. After storage for 720 h in humid air, the device subjected to ACh+ treatment maintained 70% of its initial PCE. Thus, post-treatment with ACh+ appears to be a useful strategy for preparing efficient and stable PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jikun Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Xiao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Luyao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yuankun Qiu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhanfei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yiting Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xueyun Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jianghu Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Congcong Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Chao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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161
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Abstract
Sepsis is an exaggerated host response to an infectious challenge that is associated with significant alterations in vasomotor tone. We hypothesized that the endothelial dysfunction observed during severe sepsis and septic shock would correlate with the degree of organ failure as determined by the pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (pSOFA) score. Utilizing laser Doppler perfusion monitoring coupled with iontophoresis, we found that endothelium-dependent vascular reactivity to acetylcholine (ACh) stimulation significantly correlated with both total pSOFA scores and, more specifically, cardiovascular (CV) pSOFA scores. Alternatively, endothelium-independent vascular reactivity using sodium nitroprusside (SNP) did not demonstrate a significant relationship with pSOFA scores. These data suggest that endothelial-mediated vasculopathy may be a key driver of organ dysfunction during episodes of pediatric sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Stark
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Children's Way, 5121 Doctor's Office Tower, Nashville, TN, 37232-9075, USA.
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162
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Abstract
A bullet-shaped nanopore surface modified by two polyelectrolyte (PE) layers, an inner polyethyleneimine (PEI) layer and an outer p-sulfonatocalix[4]-arene (SCX4) layer, is applied to sense trace levels of acetylcholine (Ach) molecules. We show that the higher the order of the association reaction of Ach with SCX4, the smaller the difference between the ionic current when Ach is present and that when it is absent, and so is the difference in the space charge density. In addition, the larger the binding constant K of that reaction, the lower the detection limit but narrower the detection range. Choosing pH 7 is most appropriate because if the pH is low, the concentration polarization of H+ is significant, and as it gets high, both PE layers become uncharged. At pH 7 and K = 2 × 107 L/mol, the detection limit of the nanopore ranges from 1 to 10 nM, which is orders of magnitude lower than that of the other approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yang Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ping Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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163
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Ford TJ, Mikhail P. Acetylcholine (Re)challenge: From Diagnosis to Targeted Therapy. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2022; 15:76-79. [PMID: 34991827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2021.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Ford
- Department of Cardiology, Gosford Hospital, Central Coast, Australia; Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia; BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, ICAMS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - Philopatir Mikhail
- Department of Cardiology, Gosford Hospital, Central Coast, Australia; Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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164
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Cools R, Arnsten AFT. Neuromodulation of prefrontal cortex cognitive function in primates: the powerful roles of monoamines and acetylcholine. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:309-328. [PMID: 34312496 PMCID: PMC8617291 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The primate prefrontal cortex (PFC) subserves our highest order cognitive operations, and yet is tremendously dependent on a precise neurochemical environment for proper functioning. Depletion of noradrenaline and dopamine, or of acetylcholine from the dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC), is as devastating as removing the cortex itself, and serotonergic influences are also critical to proper functioning of the orbital and medial PFC. Most neuromodulators have a narrow inverted U dose response, which coordinates arousal state with cognitive state, and contributes to cognitive deficits with fatigue or uncontrollable stress. Studies in monkeys have revealed the molecular signaling mechanisms that govern the generation and modulation of mental representations by the dlPFC, allowing dynamic regulation of network strength, a process that requires tight regulation to prevent toxic actions, e.g., as occurs with advanced age. Brain imaging studies in humans have observed drug and genotype influences on a range of cognitive tasks and on PFC circuit functional connectivity, e.g., showing that catecholamines stabilize representations in a baseline-dependent manner. Research in monkeys has already led to new treatments for cognitive disorders in humans, encouraging future research in this important field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Cools
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Amy F T Arnsten
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Xue HM, Hou HT, Sun WT, Wang SF, Guo S, Yang Q, He GW. OUP accepted manuscript. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2022; 61:1368-1378. [PMID: 35080611 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezab559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Mei Xue
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
- Medical College, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hai-Tao Hou
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen-Tao Sun
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
- Medical College, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi-Fu Wang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Shan Guo
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Yang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Guo-Wei He
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
- Drug Research and Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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166
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Haunhorst S, Bloch W, Ringleb M, Fennen L, Wagner H, Gabriel HHW, Puta C. Acute effects of heavy resistance exercise on biomarkers of neuroendocrine-immune regulation in healthy adults: a systematic review. Exerc Immunol Rev 2022; 28:36-52. [PMID: 35452397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nervous system integrates the immune system in the systemic effort to maintain or restore the organism's homeostasis. Acute bouts of exercise may alter the activity of specific pathways associated with neuroendocrine regulation of the immune system. OBJECTIVE To examine the acute effects of heavy resistance exercise on biomarkers of neuroendocrine-immune regulation in healthy adults. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Web of Science and SportDiscus with no date restrictions up to March 2021. Clinical trials in English or German were included if they measured the blood plasma or serum concentrations of specific biomarkers of neuroendocrine-immune regulation (adrenaline, noradrenaline, acetylcholine, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), cortisol, growth hormone, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance p, serotonin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF) or glia-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)) in a resting state prior to and no later than 60 minutes after an acute bout of heavy resistance exercise in healthy adults. RESULTS 7801 records were identified through literature search, of which 36 studies, with a total of 58 intervention groups, met the inclusion criteria. Evidence was found that an acute bout of heavy resistance exercise increased the levels of adrenaline (median: 185%), noradrenaline (median: 113%) and GH (median: 265%) immediately after the exercise. Mixed results were found for cortisol (median: 0%), suggesting that its response might be more sensitive to the configuration of the exercise scheme. The limited evidence regarding the effects on BDNF and ACTH allows no firm conclusions to be drawn about their response to heavy resistance exercise. The vast majority of the included studies reported a return of the biomarker concentrations to their baseline value within one hour after the termination of the exercise bout. No studies were identified that investigated the response of acetylcholine, VIP, CGRP, substance p, serotonin, NGF or GDNF to heavy resistance exercise. CONCLUSIONS A bout of heavy resistance exercise alters the circulating concentrations of selected biomarkers of neuroendocrine-immune regulation. Both subject characteristics, such as sex as well as exercise parameters, such as rest intervals appear to have the potential to influence these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Haunhorst
- Department of Movement Science, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Miriam Ringleb
- Departement of Movement Science, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lena Fennen
- Departement of Movement Science, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Heiko Wagner
- Departement of Movement Science, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Holger H W Gabriel
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Puta
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Center for Interdisciplinary Prevention of Diseases related to Professional Activities, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
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167
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Abstract
Substance use disorders are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and available pharmacological treatments are of modest efficacy. Histamine is a biogenic amine with four types of receptors. The histamine H3 receptor (H3R) is an autoreceptor and also an heteroreceptor. H3Rs are highly expressed in the basal ganglia, hippocampus and cortex, and regulate a number of neurotransmitters including acetylcholine, norepinephrine, GABA and dopamine. Its function and localization suggest that the H3R may be relevant to a number of psychiatric disorders and could represent a potential therapeutic target for substance use disorders. The purpose of the present review is to summarize preclinical studies investigating the effects of H3R agonists and antagonists on animal models of alcohol, nicotine and psychostimulant use. At present, the effects of H3R antagonists such as thioperamide, pitolisant or ciproxifan have been investigated in drug-induced locomotion, conditioned place preference, drug self-administration, reinstatement, sensitization and drug discrimination. For alcohol and nicotine, the effects of H3R ligands on two-bottle choice and memory tasks, respectively, have also been investigated. The results of these studies are inconsistent. For alcohol, H3R antagonists generally decreased the reward-related properties of ethanol, which suggests that H3R antagonists may be effective as a treatment option for alcohol use disorder. However, the effects of H3R antagonists on nicotine and psychostimulant motivation and reward are less clear. H3R antagonists potentiated the abuse-related properties of nicotine, but only a handful of studies have been conducted. For psychostimulants, evidence is mixed and suggests that more research is needed to establish whether H3R antagonists are a viable therapeutic option. The fact that different drugs of abuse have different brain targets may explain the differential effects of H3R ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Di Ciano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christian S Hendershot
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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168
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Liu N, Huang K, Wei P, Liu X, Wang L. Modulation of Predator Cue-Evoked Tonic Immobility by Acetylcholine Released in the Basolateral Complex of the Amygdala. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:1599-1604. [PMID: 34478117 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00767-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kang Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pengfei Wei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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169
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Emerson S, Hay M, Smith M, Granger R, Blauch D, Snyder N, El Bejjani R. Acetylcholine signaling genes are required for cocaine-stimulated egg laying in Caenorhabditis elegans. G3 (Bethesda) 2021; 11:jkab143. [PMID: 33914087 PMCID: PMC8763240 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The toxicity and addictive liability associated with cocaine abuse are well-known. However, its mode of action is not completely understood, and effective pharmacotherapeutic interventions remain elusive. The cholinergic effects of cocaine on acetylcholine receptors, synthetic enzymes, and degradative enzymes have been the focus of relatively little empirical investigation. Due to its genetic tractability and anatomical simplicity, the egg laying circuit of the hermaphroditic nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, is a powerful model system to precisely examine the genetic and molecular targets of cocaine in vivo. Here, we report a novel cocaine-induced behavioral phenotype in C. elegans, cocaine-stimulated egg laying. In addition, we present the results of an in vivo candidate suppression screen of synthetic enzymes, receptors, degradative enzymes, and downstream components of the intracellular signaling cascades of the main neurotransmitter systems that control C. elegans egg laying. Our results show that cocaine-stimulated egg laying is dependent on acetylcholine synthesis and synaptic release, functional nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and the C. elegans acetylcholinesterases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soren Emerson
- Neuroscience Interdisciplinary Program, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA
| | - Megan Hay
- Biology Department, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA
| | - Mark Smith
- Neuroscience Interdisciplinary Program, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA
- Psychology Department, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA
| | - Ricky Granger
- Biology Department, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA
| | - David Blauch
- Chemistry Department, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035 USA
| | - Nicole Snyder
- Chemistry Department, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035 USA
| | - Rachid El Bejjani
- Neuroscience Interdisciplinary Program, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA
- Biology Department, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA
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170
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Abstract
Objective A pathological acetylcholine (ACh) test was observed at lower ACh doses in females compared with males in European populations. We retrospectively analyzed the sex-related differences in Japanese patients with provoked positive spasm by ACh spasm provocation testing. Methods We performed the ACh spasm provocation tests in 1,854 patients from Jan 1991 until Mar 2019. ACh was injected in incremental doses of 20/50/100/200 μg into the left coronary artery and 20/50/80 μg into the right coronary artery. Positive spasm was defined as >90% stenosis and usual chest pain or ischemic ECG changes. We compared the clinical characteristics, angiographical findings during ACh testing, and clinical outcomes between female and male patients with and without provoked positive spasm. Results Positive provoked spasm was diagnosed in 917 patients including 737 (80.4%) males and 180 (19.6%) females. The incidence of provoked positive spasm in females was significantly lower than that in males (33.5% vs. 56.0%, p<0.001). Female patients with provoked positive spasm tended to be older, have less history of smoking, less provoked spasm in the left circumflex artery, or less focal type spasm than male patients with provoked positive spasm. The incidence of ST elevation during ACh testing in male patients was significantly higher than that in female patients, whereas the frequency of ST depression in females was remarkably higher than that in males. The mean maximum used ACh dose for provoked positive spasm on both coronary arteries in female patients was significantly higher than that in male patients. The observed major complications during ACh testing did not differ substantially between the sexes. In addition, the prognosis in females with provoked positive spasm was not different from males. Conclusion Provoked positive spasm by ACh test was obtained at lower mean maximum ACh doses in males compared with females in Japanese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shozo Sueda
- Department of Cardiology, Ehime Prefectural Niihama Hospital, Japan
| | - Tomoki Sakaue
- Department of Cardiology, Yawatahama City General Hospital, Japan
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171
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Sekine T, Kamioka M, Hijioka N, Yamada S, Kaneshiro T, Takeishi Y. Symptomatic Long QT Syndrome Coexisting with Asymptomatic Acetylcholine-induced Vasospasm. Intern Med 2021; 60:2085-2088. [PMID: 33518575 PMCID: PMC8313919 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.6475-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein report a rare case of long QT syndrome (LQTS) coexisting with acetylcholine (Ach)-induced vasospasm. A 31-year-old woman experienced cardiopulmonary arrest during running. LQTS was diagnosed by an electrocardiogram, and the coexistence of Ach-induced vasospam was determined by an Ach provocation test on coronary angiography. Although an implantable cardioverter defibrillator was placed, a beta-blocker was not prescribed for two reasons: first, the patient showed Ach-induced vasospasm alone with no symptoms and no ST change by Ach injection, and second, the use of beta-blockers alone in such patients carries a risk of vasospasm-induced ventricular fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toranosuke Sekine
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Japan
| | - Masashi Kamioka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Japan
| | - Naoko Hijioka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Japan
| | - Takashi Kaneshiro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Japan
- Department of Arrhythmia and Cardiac Pacing, Fukushima Medical University, Japan
| | - Yasuchika Takeishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Japan
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172
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Mit C, Tebby C, Gueganno T, Bado-Nilles A, Beaudouin R. Modeling acetylcholine esterase inhibition resulting from exposure to a mixture of atrazine and chlorpyrifos using a physiologically-based kinetic model in fish. Sci Total Environ 2021; 773:144734. [PMID: 33582354 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic organisms are exposed to mixtures of chemicals that may interact. Mixtures of atrazine (ATR) and chlorpyrifos (CPF) may elicit synergic effects on the permanent inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in certain aquatic organisms, causing severe damage. Mechanistic mathematical models of toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics (TD) may be used to better characterize and understand the interactions of these two chemicals. In this study, a previously published generic physiologically-based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model for fish was adapted to ATR and CPF. A sub-model of the kinetics of one of the main metabolites of CPF, chlorpyrifos-oxon (CPF-oxon), was included, as well as a TD model. Inhibition of two esterases, AChE and carboxylesterase, by ATR, CPF and CPF-oxon, was modeled using TD modeling of quantities of total and inactive esterases. Specific attention was given to the parameterization and calibration of the model to accurately predict the concentration and effects observed in the fish using Bayesian inference and published data from fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), zebrafish (Danio rerio) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). A PBTK-TD for mixtures was used to predict dose-response relationships for comparison with available adult fish data. Synergistic effects of a joint exposure to ATR and CPF could not be demonstrated in adult fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Mit
- Unité METO (Modèles pour l'Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie), INERIS, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France; INERIS, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; Unité ECOT (Ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo), INERIS, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Cleo Tebby
- Unité METO (Modèles pour l'Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie), INERIS, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Tristan Gueganno
- Unité METO (Modèles pour l'Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie), INERIS, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Anne Bado-Nilles
- INERIS, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; Unité ECOT (Ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo), INERIS, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Rémy Beaudouin
- Unité METO (Modèles pour l'Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie), INERIS, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France; INERIS, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.
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Salami SA, Salahdeen HM, Obafemi AE, Murtala BA. Uterine contractile activity and fetal outcome in rats treated with vitamin C during late gestational variable stress exposure. J Complement Integr Med 2021; 18:745-751. [PMID: 33964203 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2020-0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stress responses vary throughout pregnancy and impact of late gestational variable stress (LGVS) with vitamin C supplementation on uterine contractility is barely explored. This study investigates fetal weight outcome and in-vitro uterine contractile responses to pharmacological agents during LGVS exposure. METHODS Twenty four nulliparous pregnant rats were divided into four groups of six. During gestation days 10-19, groups 1 & 2 received normal saline and vitamin C (10 mg/kg) respectively. Groups 3 and 4 were exposed to stress (sleep deprivation, predator exposure, immobility, rapid cage changes, noise, and foreign object) with group 4 concurrently supplemented with vitamin C (10 mg/kg). Serum cortisol, oxidative bio-markers, fetal weights and in-vitro contractile responses of excised uterine tissue to acetylcholine (Ach), oxytocin, calcium chloride (CaCl2), potassium chloride (KCl), diclofenac, and magnesium ions were determined. RESULTS Malondialdehyde activity and cortisol were significantly increased in variable stress only exposed group when compared with control and vitamin C supplemented groups. Fetal body weights, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity were significantly reduced in variable stress only exposed group. Significantly impaired contractile responses to Ach, CaCl2 & KCl in variable stress only exposed group were modulated in vitamin C supplemented groups. Impaired contractile response to oxytocin was however not reversed. Relaxation responses to diclofenac and magnesium ions were statistically unaltered across groups. CONCLUSIONS Impaired fetal weights and uterine contractile activity to Ach, CaCl2 and KCl during LGVS was modulated by vitamin C supplementation. Impaired oxytocin contractile activity was however unreversed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakiru A Salami
- Department of Physiology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Hussein M Salahdeen
- Department of Physiology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Abidemi E Obafemi
- Department of Physiology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde A Murtala
- Department of Physiology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria
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174
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Baranowska-Kuczko M, Kozłowska H, Kloza M, Harasim-Symbor E, Biernacki M, Kasacka I, Malinowska B. Beneficial Changes in Rat Vascular Endocannabinoid System in Primary Hypertension and under Treatment with Chronic Inhibition of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase by URB597. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4833. [PMID: 34063297 PMCID: PMC8125657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to examine the effects of hypertension and the chronic administration of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor URB597 on vascular function and the endocannabinoid system in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Functional studies were performed on small mesenteric G3 arteries (sMA) and aortas isolated from SHR and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) treated with URB597 (1 mg/kg; twice daily for 14 days). In the aortas and sMA of SHR, endocannabinoid levels and cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) expression were elevated. The CB1R antagonist AM251 diminished the methanandamide-evoked relaxation only in the sMA of SHR and enhanced the vasoconstriction induced by phenylephrine and the thromboxane analog U46619 in sMA in SHR and WKY. In the sMA of SHR, URB597 elevated anandamide levels, improved the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation to acetylcholine, and in the presence of AM251 reduced the vasoconstriction to phenylephrine and enhanced the vasodilatation to methanandamide, and tended to reduce hypertrophy. In the aortas, URB597 elevated endocannabinoid levels improved the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation to acetylcholine and decreased CB1R expression. Our study showed that hypertension and chronic administration of URB597 caused local, resistance artery-specific beneficial alterations in the vascular endocannabinoid system, which may bring further advantages for therapeutic application of pharmacological inhibition of FAAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Baranowska-Kuczko
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (H.K.); (M.K.); (B.M.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Hanna Kozłowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (H.K.); (M.K.); (B.M.)
| | - Monika Kloza
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (H.K.); (M.K.); (B.M.)
| | - Ewa Harasim-Symbor
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Michał Biernacki
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Irena Kasacka
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Barbara Malinowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (H.K.); (M.K.); (B.M.)
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175
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Assous M. Striatal cholinergic transmission. Focus on nicotinic receptors' influence in striatal circuits. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:2421-2442. [PMID: 33529401 PMCID: PMC8161166 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The critical role of acetylcholine (ACh) in the basal ganglia is evident from the effect of cholinergic agents in patients suffering from several related neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, Tourette syndrome, or dystonia. The striatum possesses the highest density of ACh markers in the basal ganglia underlying the importance of ACh in this structure. Striatal cholinergic interneurons (CINs) are responsible for the bulk of striatal ACh, although extrinsic cholinergic afferents from brainstem structures may also play a role. CINs are tonically active, and synchronized pause in their activity occurs following the presentation of salient stimuli during behavioral conditioning. However, the synaptic mechanisms involved are not fully understood in this physiological response. ACh modulates striatal circuits by acting on muscarinic and nicotinic receptors existing in several combinations both presynaptically and postsynaptically. While the effects of ACh in the striatum through muscarinic receptors have received particular attention, nicotinic receptors function has been less studied. Here, after briefly reviewing relevant results regarding muscarinic receptors expression and function, I will focus on striatal nicotinic receptor expressed presynaptically on glutamatergic and dopaminergic afferents and postsynaptically on diverse striatal interneurons populations. I will also review recent evidence suggesting the involvement of different GABAergic sources in two distinct nicotinic-receptor-mediated striatal circuits: the disynaptic inhibition of striatal projection neurons and the recurrent inhibition among CINs. A better understanding of striatal nicotinic receptors expression and function may help to develop targeted pharmacological interventions to treat brain disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Tourette syndrome, dystonia, or nicotine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Assous
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
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176
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Karki HP, Jang Y, Jung J, Oh J. Advances in the development paradigm of biosample-based biosensors for early ultrasensitive detection of alzheimer's disease. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:72. [PMID: 33750392 PMCID: PMC7945670 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00814-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review highlights current developments, challenges, and future directions for the use of invasive and noninvasive biosample-based small biosensors for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with biomarkers to incite a conceptual idea from a broad number of readers in this field. We provide the most promising concept about biosensors on the basis of detection scale (from femto to micro) using invasive and noninvasive biosamples such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, urine, sweat, and tear. It also summarizes sensor types and detailed analyzing techniques for ultrasensitive detection of multiple target biomarkers (i.e., amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide, tau protein, Acetylcholine (Ach), microRNA137, etc.) of AD in terms of detection ranges and limit of detections (LODs). As the most significant disadvantage of CSF and blood-based detection of AD is associated with the invasiveness of sample collection which limits future strategy with home-based early screening of AD, we extensively reviewed the future trend of new noninvasive detection techniques (such as optical screening and bio-imaging process). To overcome the limitation of non-invasive biosamples with low concentrations of AD biomarkers, current efforts to enhance the sensitivity of biosensors and discover new types of biomarkers using non-invasive body fluids are presented. We also introduced future trends facing an infection point in early diagnosis of AD with simultaneous emergence of addressable innovative technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hem Prakash Karki
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Yeongseok Jang
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Jinmu Jung
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea.
- Department of Nano-bio Mechanical System Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea.
| | - Jonghyun Oh
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea.
- Department of Nano-bio Mechanical System Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea.
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Xue W, Gao Y, Xie PP, Liu Y, Qi WY, Shi AX, Li KX. Plasma and intracerebral pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics modeling for the acetylcholine releasing effect of ginsenoside Rg1 in mPFC of A β model rats. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2021; 23:294-306. [PMID: 33771049 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2020.1803289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg1 is a major bioactive component of ginseng. Limited information is available regarding Rg1 concentrations in the central neural system and the corresponding relationship of plasma/intracerebral concentrations, and intracerebral effects of Rg1. Awake Aβ model rats received a single subcutaneous administration of Rg1. Concentrations of unbound Rg1 and acetylcholine in the brain extracellular fluid and Rg1 in plasma were then determined. An Emax-two compartment pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) model without effect compartment was finally obtained by evaluating three mechanism-based models. The corresponding relationship between the plasma PK and PD of Rg1 can be described as E = 119.05•C/(73.42 + C).[Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xue
- Clinical Trial Center, Beijing hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Clinical Trial Center, Beijing hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Pan-Pan Xie
- Clinical Trial Center, Beijing hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Clinical Trial Center, Beijing hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Wen-Yuan Qi
- Clinical Trial Center, Beijing hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ai-Xin Shi
- Clinical Trial Center, Beijing hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ke-Xin Li
- Clinical Trial Center, Beijing hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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178
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Wu L, Zhou M, Liu C, Chen X, Chen Y. Double-enzymes-mediated Fe 2+/Fe 3+ conversion as magnetic relaxation switch for pesticide residues sensing. J Hazard Mater 2021; 403:123619. [PMID: 32827859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
It is a great challenge to develop a newly rapid and accurate detection method for pesticide residues. In this work, based on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and choline oxidase (CHO), a double-enzymes-mediated Fe2+/Fe3+ conversion as magnetic relaxation switch was explored for the measurement of acetamiprid residue. In the double-enzymes reactions, acetylcholine chloride (ACh) can be catalyzed to produce choline by AChE, which is successively hydrolyzed to betaine and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by CHO. According to the enzyme inhibition principle, AChE activity will be inactivated in the presence of acetamiprid, thus leading to the less production of H2O2. Wherein, Fe2+, ACh, AChE and CHO were optimized as the reaction substrates. In the reaction system, acetamiprid can be reflected by the transverse relaxation time (T2) that related with H2O2 mediated Fe2+ variations, which was further developed as an enzyme cascade amplification method. The detection linear range is 0.01∼1000 μg mL-1 (R2 = 0.99), and the limit of detection (LOD) is 2.66 ng mL-1 (S/N = 3, n = 3), behaving a 335-fold improvement in LOD than that of traditional enzyme inhibition method (0.89 μg mL-1). This method can realize "one-step mixing" detection of acetamiprid, which makes it a promising analytical tool for monitoring pesticide residue in complicated samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Bioengineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, PR China
| | - Min Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Bioengineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, PR China
| | - Chen Liu
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena-Member of the research alliance Leibniz Health Technologies, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Albert-Einstein-Street 9, 07745, Jena, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena - Member of the research alliance, Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Xiaoqiang Chen
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Bioengineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, PR China.
| | - Yiping Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
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179
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Qin C, Ahanger MA, Lin B, Huang Z, Zhou J, Ahmed N, Ai S, Mustafa NSA, Ashraf M, Zhang L. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the regulatory effects of acetylcholine on salt tolerance of Nicotiana benthamiana. Phytochemistry 2021; 181:112582. [PMID: 33246307 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a major cause of crop losses worldwide. Acetylcholine (ACh) can ameliorate the adverse effects of abiotic stresses on plant growth, including salinity stress; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this process are unclear. Here, seedlings of Nicotiana benthamiana grown under normal conditions or exposed to 150 mmol L-1 NaCl salinity stress were then treated with a root application of 10 μM ACh. Exogenous ACh application resulted in the downregulation of the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase. ACh-treated plants had lower levels of reactive oxygen species, including the superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide. Transcriptome analysis indicated that ACh treatment under salt stress promoted the differential expression of 658 genes in leaves of N. benthamiana (527 were upregulated and 131 were downregulated). Gene ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses revealed that exogenous ACh application was associated with a substantial increase in the transcripts of genes related to cell wall peroxidases, xyloglucan endotransglucosylases or hydrolases, and expansins, indicating that ACh activates cell wall biosynthesis in salt-stressed plants. ACh also enhanced the expression of genes associated with the auxin, gibberellin, brassinosteroid, and salicylic acid signalling pathways, indicating that ACh induces the activation of these pathways under salt stress. Collectively, these findings indicate that ACh-induced salt tolerance in N. benthamiana seedlings is mediated by the inhibition of antioxidant enzymes, activation of cell wall biosynthesis, and hormone signalling pathways. Stress-induced genes involved in osmotic regulation and oxidation resistance were induced by ACh under salt stress. The genes whose transcript levels were elevated by ACh treatment in salt-stressed N. benthamiana could be used as molecular markers of the physiological status of plants under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, 712100, Yangling, China
| | - Mohammad Abass Ahanger
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, 712100, Yangling, China
| | - Bo Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, 712100, Yangling, China
| | - Ziguang Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, 712100, Yangling, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Cangzhou Central Hospital, 061000 Cangzhou, China
| | - Nadeem Ahmed
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, 712100, Yangling, China
| | - Suilong Ai
- Shaanxi Tobacco Scientific Institution, 71000, Xi'an, China
| | - Nabil S A Mustafa
- Department of Pomology, National Research Centre, 12622 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Lixin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, 712100, Yangling, China.
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180
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Abstract
Objective Acetylcholine (ACh) use in patients with bronchial asthma (BA) is contraindicated. We examined the clinical usefulness and safety of ACh spasm provocation tests in rest angina patients with BA. Patients The study subjects were 495 rest angina patients (mean age: 64.4±10.9 years old, male: 81.0%). Organic stenosis was found in 69 patients (13.9%). Methods We investigated 495 rest angina patients who underwent ACh spasm provocation tests. ACh was injected in incremental doses of 20/50/100/200 μg into the left coronary artery and 20/50/80 μg into the right coronary artery. Provoked positive spasm was defined as transient ≥90% luminal narrowing and usual chest pain or ischemic electrocardiogram changes. Results Among 495 rest angina patients, 13 (2.6%) were complicated with BA. Eleven patients with BA were controlled under medications, and two patients had a history of medication for BA. The clinical characteristics were not markedly different between rest angina patients with and without BA. The rate of multi-vessel spasm was markedly higher in patients with BA than that in those without BA. No complications during ACh spasm provocation tests were recognized in rest angina patients with BA, whereas major complications in those without BA were observed in eight patients including two ventricular fibrillations, three non-sustained ventricular tachycardias, and three shocks. We were able to perform all 495 ACh spasm provocation tests without any irreversible complications, while electrical defibrillation was necessary for 2 patients without BA. Conclusion We were able to perform ACh spasm provocation tests in rest angina patients with BA irrespective of the off-label use of ACh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shozo Sueda
- Department of Cardiology, Ehime Prefectural Niihama Hospital, Japan
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181
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Teragawa H. Spasm Provocation Test Using Acetylcholine in Patients with Bronchial Asthma: An Important Step Forward. Intern Med 2020; 59:3115-3116. [PMID: 32788528 PMCID: PMC7807111 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.5568-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Teragawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, JR Hiroshima Hospital, Japan
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182
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Venkatesan S, Jeoung HS, Chen T, Power SK, Liu Y, Lambe EK. Endogenous Acetylcholine and Its Modulation of Cortical Microcircuits to Enhance Cognition. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2020; 45:47-69. [PMID: 32601996 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2020_138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholine regulates the cerebral cortex to sharpen sensory perception and enhance attentional focus. The cellular and circuit mechanisms of this cholinergic modulation are under active investigation in sensory and prefrontal cortex, but the universality of these mechanisms across the cerebral cortex is not clear. Anatomical maps suggest that the sensory and prefrontal cortices receive distinct cholinergic projections and have subtle differences in the expression of cholinergic receptors and the metabolic enzyme acetylcholinesterase. First, we briefly review this anatomical literature and the recent progress in the field. Next, we discuss in detail the electrophysiological effects of cholinergic receptor subtypes and the cell and circuit consequences of their stimulation by endogenous acetylcholine as established by recent optogenetic work. Finally, we explore the behavioral ramifications of in vivo manipulations of endogenous acetylcholine. We find broader similarities than we expected between the cholinergic regulation of sensory and prefrontal cortex, but there are some differences and some gaps in knowledge. In visual, auditory, and somatosensory cortex, the cell and circuit mechanisms of cholinergic sharpening of sensory perception have been probed in vivo with calcium imaging and optogenetic experiments to simultaneously test mechanism and measure the consequences of manipulation. By contrast, ascertaining the links between attentional performance and cholinergic modulation of specific prefrontal microcircuits is more complicated due to the nature of the required tasks. However, ex vivo optogenetic manipulations point to differences in the cholinergic modulation of sensory and prefrontal cortex. Understanding how and where acetylcholine acts within the cerebral cortex to shape cognition is essential to pinpoint novel treatment targets for the perceptual and attention deficits found in multiple psychiatric and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ha-Seul Jeoung
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tianhui Chen
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Saige K Power
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yupeng Liu
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Evelyn K Lambe
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Zhao L, Sun Y, Yu C, Chen J, Xu X, Zhang X, Wang H, Zhang J, Wang H, Dong J, Yao B, Zhou H, Liu S, Peng R. Astragaloside protects rat brain from microwave-induced functional injuries via restoring acetylcholine and normalizing electroencephalogram. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:40787-40794. [PMID: 32677014 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07915-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Studies from our group and others have reported that 30 mW/cm2 microwave could damage the structures of rat hippocampus, as well as impair the neuronal functions. The neuroprotective effects of astragaloside, purified from Astragalus membranaceus, have been demonstrated in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we found that 30 mW/cm2 microwave impaired spatial learning and memory ability in rats, while astragaloside could significantly alleviate the injuries. The pathological analysis also showed that astragaloside protected neurons from microwave-induced damages, such as mitochondrial swelling and cavitation, rough endoplasmic reticulum swelling and dilation, synaptic gap disappearing, and vesicle aggregation. Moreover, microwave-induced structural damage of synapse resulted in downregulation of acetylcholine, an important neurotransmitter for information transmission, while astragaloside could protect the structure of synapse, as well as restore the acetylcholine level in rat hippocampus. Furthermore, astragaloside also accelerated the recovery of brain electroencephalogram (EEG) after microwave exposure, indicating that astragaloside could promote the normalization of neuronal functions. In conclusion, astragaloside protected the morphological structures and restored acetylcholine level in rat hippocampus, which could improve brain functions via normalizing brain EEG. Therefore, astragaloside might be a promising candidate to treat microwave-induced injuries of central nervous system (CNS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunbo Sun
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjun Chen
- Xinyang Central Hospital, Xinyang, Henan, 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinping Xu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Dong
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Binwei Yao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuchen Liu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruiyun Peng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.
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Wong OW, Chan A, Wong A, Lau CK, Yeung JH, Mok V, Chan S. Prolonged visual fixation as a surrogate marker of cholinergic deficit in Parkinson's disease: A 2-year follow-up study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 81:60-66. [PMID: 33059183 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The search for biomarkers of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease is driven by the potential clinical applications in disease prognostication. Various eye tracking studies on cognitive functions in Parkinson's disease suggest a promising role of eye movement parameters as a biomarker for cognitive decline but the clinical utility has not been validated in longitudinal studies. The present study aims to investigate the longitudinal progression of eye fixation duration in a visual search task and its correlation with domain-specific cognitive impairment. METHOD This is a 2-year follow-up study on a group of non-demented Parkinson's disease patients, with baseline eye movement metrics and multi-domain cognitive functions measured, to assess the association between domain-specific cognitive impairment and progression of visual fixation duration. RESULTS A total of 49 from the original 62 non-demented Parkinson's disease patients were re-examined at a 2-year follow-up. 15 cases (31%) were classified as having mild cognitive impairment. Visual fixation duration was significantly prolonged after 2 years. Using repeated measures ANOVA, impairment in semantic verbal fluency, visual and verbal recognition memory and orienting function of attention had a significant effect on prolonging visual fixation over time. CONCLUSION Correlation between prolonged visual fixation and multiple domains of cognitive impairment related to cholinergic dysfunction in repeated measures over two years provides preliminary evidence for the eye tracking paradigm as a surrogate marker for cholinergic deficit in Parkinson's disease. The clinical utility in terms of disease prognostication is yet to be confirmed in prospective longitudinal studies with longer follow-up periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Wh Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, G/F, Multi-centre Building, 9 Chuen on Road, Tai Po Hospital, Tai Po, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Anne Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Adrian Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Claire Ky Lau
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Jonas Hm Yeung
- Department of Medicine, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Vincent Mok
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Sandra Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, G/F, Multi-centre Building, 9 Chuen on Road, Tai Po Hospital, Tai Po, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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185
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Eck SR, Xu SJ, Telenson A, Duggan MR, Cole R, Wicks B, Bergmann J, Lefebo H, Shore M, Shepard KA, Akins MR, Parikh V, Heller EA, Bangasser DA. Stress Regulation of Sustained Attention and the Cholinergic Attention System. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:566-575. [PMID: 32600739 PMCID: PMC7487022 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress exacerbates symptoms of schizophrenia and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, which are characterized by impairments in sustained attention. Yet how stress regulates attention remains largely unexplored. We investigated whether a 6-day variable stressor altered sustained attention and the cholinergic attention system in male and female rats. METHODS Sustained attention was tested with the sustained attention task. Successful performance on the sustained attention task relies on the release of acetylcholine (ACh) into the cortex from cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM). Thus, we evaluated whether variable stress (VS) altered the morphology of these neurons with a novel approach using a Cre-dependent virus in genetically modified ChAT::Cre rats, a species used for this manipulation only. Next, electrochemical recordings measured cortical ACh following VS. Finally, we used RNA sequencing to identify VS-induced transcriptional changes in the NBM. RESULTS VS impaired attentional performance in the sustained attention task and increased the dendritic complexity of NBM cholinergic neurons in both sexes. NBM cholinergic neurons are mainly under inhibitory control, so this morphological change could increase inhibition on these neurons, reducing downstream ACh release to impair attention. Indeed, VS decreased ACh release in the prefrontal cortex of male rats. Quantification of global transcriptional changes revealed that although VS induced many sex-specific changes in gene expression, it increased several signaling molecules in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS These studies suggest that VS impairs attention by inducing molecular and morphological changes in the NBM. Identifying mechanisms by which stress regulates attention may guide the development of novel treatments for psychiatric disorders with attention deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R Eck
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Song-Jun Xu
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alexander Telenson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael R Duggan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert Cole
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Brittany Wicks
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joy Bergmann
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hanna Lefebo
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marni Shore
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Michael R Akins
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Vinay Parikh
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Elizabeth A Heller
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Debra A Bangasser
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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186
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Short B. How calcium helps α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors fulfill their potential. J Gen Physiol 2020; 152:152038. [PMID: 32820805 PMCID: PMC7478870 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202012740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Study reveals that, at low acetylcholine concentrations, calcium enhances channel opening by binding to a novel motif near the ligand binding site.
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187
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Petrova T, Orellana C, Jelic V, Oeksengaard AR, Snaedal J, Høgh P, Andersen BB, Naik M, Engedal K, Wahlund LO, Ferreira D. Cholinergic dysfunction, neurodegeneration, and amyloid-beta pathology in neurodegenerative diseases. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2020; 302:111099. [PMID: 32505903 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cholinergic dysfunction is central in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). The electroencephalography-based acetylcholine index (EEG-Ach index) has been proposed as a biomarker of cholinergic dysfunction. However, it is unclear how the EEG-Ach index relates to amyloid-beta pathology and neurodegeneration. We investigated the association between the EEG-Ach index and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-beta, CSF total tau, cortical thickness, and hippocampal volume from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and cognition. A total of 127 patients with different neurodegenerative diseases were studied. The EEG-Ach index was calculated from quantitative EEG using statistical pattern recognition. The EEG-Ach index was associated with hippocampal volume and cortical thickness in frontal, temporal, and occipital cortices. Cross-sectional sub-analyses based on a small sample suggests that the EEG-Ach index increases the closest to AD dementia, downstream to amyloid-beta pathology, CSF total tau, and hippocampal volume. We conclude that cholinergic dysfunction correlates with atrophy in brain areas important for AD pathogenesis, and this association is more prominent in the dementia stage. These results together with previous studies from this project suggest that the EEG-Ach index may be a useful biomarker for cholinergic dysfunction, with value for differential diagnosis of dementia and monitoring patients at the dementia stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Petrova
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camila Orellana
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vesna Jelic
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne-Rita Oeksengaard
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jon Snaedal
- Geriatric Clinic, Landspitali University Hospital Landakot, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Peter Høgh
- Regional Dementia Research Center, Department of Neurology, Zealand University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Bo Andersen
- Danish Dementia Research Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mala Naik
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Knut Engedal
- Norwegian Advisory Unit for Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars-Olof Wahlund
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Ferreira
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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188
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Inayat S, Qandeel, Nazariahangarkolaee M, Singh S, McNaughton BL, Whishaw IQ, Mohajerani MH. Low acetylcholine during early sleep is important for motor memory consolidation. Sleep 2020; 43:zsz297. [PMID: 31825510 PMCID: PMC7294415 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The synaptic homeostasis theory of sleep proposes that low neurotransmitter activity in sleep optimizes memory consolidation. We tested this theory by asking whether increasing acetylcholine levels during early sleep would weaken motor memory consolidation. We trained separate groups of adult mice on the rotarod walking task and the single pellet reaching task, and after training, administered physostigmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, to increase cholinergic tone in subsequent sleep. Post-sleep testing showed that physostigmine impaired motor skill acquisition of both tasks. Home-cage video monitoring and electrophysiology revealed that physostigmine disrupted sleep structure, delayed non-rapid-eye-movement sleep onset, and reduced slow-wave power in the hippocampus and cortex. Additional experiments showed that: (1) the impaired performance associated with physostigmine was not due to its effects on sleep structure, as 1 h of sleep deprivation after training did not impair rotarod performance, (2) a reduction in cholinergic tone by inactivation of cholinergic neurons during early sleep did not affect rotarod performance, and (3) stimulating or blocking muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors did not impair rotarod performance. Taken together, the experiments suggest that the increased slow wave activity and inactivation of both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors during early sleep due to reduced acetylcholine contribute to motor memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samsoon Inayat
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Qandeel
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Surjeet Singh
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bruce L McNaughton
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine
| | - Ian Q Whishaw
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Majid H Mohajerani
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
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189
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Majewski M, Kucharczyk E, Kaliszan R, Markuszewski M, Fotschki B, Juśkiewicz J, Borkowska-Sztachańska M, Ognik K. The Characterization of Ground Raspberry Seeds and the Physiological Response to Supplementation in Hypertensive and Normotensive Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1630. [PMID: 32492905 PMCID: PMC7352221 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the protective role of ground raspberry seeds (RBS) as a source of polyphenols and essential fatty acids on blood plasma enzymatic antioxidant status, lipid profile, and endothelium-intact vasodilation during physiological and pathological conditions. Young normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) at ten weeks of age were fed with either a control diet or were supplemented with added 7% RBS for six weeks (n = 6). The main component of RBS was dietary fiber (64%) and the main polyphenols were ellagitannins (1.2%) and flavan-3-ols (0.45%). Irrespective of the rat model, ground RBS decreased liver enzyme aspartate aminotransferase (0.9-fold) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging capacity (Catalase, 0.9-fold). In supplemented SHRs, preincubation with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor 1400W, nonselective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor indomethacin, selective COX-2 inhibitor NS-398, prostacyclin (PGI2) synthesis inhibitor tranylcypromine (TCP), thromboxane receptor (TP) antagonist SQ-29548, thromboxane synthesis inhibitor furegrelate, and 20-HETE synthesis inhibitor HET0016 induced the same relaxant response to acetylcholine as in the nonsupplemented control group. In supplemented WKYs, atherogenic index was decreased (0.8-fold), while iNOS and COX-2-derived PGI2 increased acetylcholine-induced vasodilation. These effects of ground RBS may constitute a potential mechanism for preventing cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Majewski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, UWM, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Ewa Kucharczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, UWM, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Roman Kaliszan
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (R.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Michał Markuszewski
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (R.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Bartosz Fotschki
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.F.); (J.J.)
| | - Jerzy Juśkiewicz
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.F.); (J.J.)
| | | | - Katarzyna Ognik
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
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190
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Abstract
The neurotransmitter acetylcholine influences how male finches perform courtship songs by acting on a region of the premotor cortex called HVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Wall
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- Center for Research on Brain, Language, and Music, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Sarah C Woolley
- Center for Research on Brain, Language, and Music, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- Department of Biology, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
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191
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Abstract
The ability of stem cells to divide and differentiate is necessary for tissue repair and homeostasis. Appropriate spatial and temporal mechanisms are needed. Local intercellular signaling increases expression of specific genes that mediate and maintain differentiation. Diffusible signaling molecules provide concentration-dependent induction of specific patterns of cell types or regions. Differentiation of adjacent cells, on the other hand, requires cell–cell contact and subsequent signaling. These two types of signals work together to allow stem cells to provide what organisms require. The ability to grow organoids has increased our understanding of the cellular and molecular features of small “niches” that modulate stem cell function in various organs, including the small intestine.
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192
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Zhou Q, Chen B, Chen X, Wang Y, Ji J, Kizaibek M, Wang X, Wu L, Hu Z, Gao X, Wu N, Huang D, Xu X, Lu W, Cai X, Yang Y, Ye J, Wei Q, Shen J, Cao P. Arnebiae Radix prevents atrial fibrillation in rats by ameliorating atrial remodeling and cardiac function. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 248:112317. [PMID: 31629862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Arnebiae Radix, a common herbal medicine in China, is often utilized to treat blood-heat syndrome and has been reported to exert an effect on the heart. AIM OF THE STUDY The combination of acetylcholine (Ach) and CaCl2 has been widely used to induce atrial fibrillation (AF) in animals. However, whether Arnebiae Radix displays any preventive action on Ach-CaCl2 induced AF in rats remains uncertain. In our study, we attempted to investigate the protective effects of Arnebiae Radix on Ach-CaCl2 induced AF compared to amiodarone, which was employed as the positive control. MATERIALS AND METHODS To establish the AF model, SD rats were treated with a mixture of 0.1 mL/100 g Ach-CaCl2 (60 μg/mL Ach and 10 mg/mL CaCl2) by tail vein injection for 7 days. Rats were also given a gavage of Arnebiae Radix (0.18 g/mL) one week before or concurrently with the establishment of the AF model. At the end of the experimental period, the induction, duration and timing of AF were monitored using electrocardiogram recordings. Left atrial tissues were stained to observe the level of fibrosis. Electrophysiological measurements were used to examine atrial size and function. RESULTS In Ach-CaCl2-induced AF rats, Arnebiae Radix decreased AF induction, duration and susceptibility to AF. In addition, Arnebiae Radix significantly reduced atrial fibrosis and inhibited atrial enlargement induced by Ach-CaCl2. Moreover, there was an apparent improvement in cardiac function in the Arnebiae Radix-treated group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that Arnebiae Radix treatment can attenuate Ach-CaCl2-induced atrial injury and serve as an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AF in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhou
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Nanjing Research Institute for Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiawen Ji
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Murat Kizaibek
- Traditional Kazakh Medicine Research Institute of Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Yining, Xinjiang, 835000, China
| | - Xindong Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lixing Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengli Hu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Na Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojin Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wuguang Lu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueting Cai
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Ye
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingyun Wei
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianping Shen
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Peng Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
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193
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Abstract
Since its identification over a hundred years ago, the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) has proven to play an essential role in supporting many diverse functions. Some well-characterized functions include: chemical transmission at the neuromuscular junction; autonomic function in the peripheral nervous system; and, sustained attention, sleep/wake regulation, and learning and memory within the central nervous system. Within the brain, major cholinergic projection pathways from the basal forebrain and the brainstem support these centrally mediated processes, and dysregulation of the cholinergic system is implicated in cognitive decline associated with aging and dementias including Alzheimer's disease. ACh exerts its effects by binding to two different membrane-bound receptor classes: (1) G‑protein coupled muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs), and (2) ligand-gated nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). These receptor systems are described in detail within this chapter along with discussion on the successes and failures of synthetic ligands designed to selectively target receptor subtypes for treating brain disorders. New molecular approaches and advances in our understanding of the target biology combined with opportunities to re-purpose existing cholinergic drugs for new indications continue to highlight the exciting opportunities for modulating this system for therapeutic purposes.
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194
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Toma W, Ulker E, Alqasem M, AlSharari SD, McIntosh JM, Damaj MI. Behavioral and Molecular Basis of Cholinergic Modulation of Pain: Focus on Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2020; 45:153-166. [PMID: 32468494 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2020_135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy for pain and inflammatory disorders. In particular, α4β2∗, α7, and α9α10 nAChR subtypes have been investigated as potential targets to treat pain. The nAChRs are distributed on the pain transmission pathways, including central and peripheral nervous systems and immune cells as well. Several agonists for α4β2∗ nAChR subtypes have been investigated in multiple animal pain models with promising results. However, studies in human indicated a narrow therapeutic window for α4β2∗ agonists. Furthermore, animal studies suggest that using agonists for α7 nAChR subtype and antagonists for α9α10 nAChR subtypes are potential novel therapies for chronic pain management, including inflammatory and neuropathic pain. More recently, alternative nAChRs ligands such as positive allosteric modulators and silent agonists have shown potential to develop into new treatments for chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisam Toma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Esad Ulker
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Mashael Alqasem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakir D AlSharari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Michael McIntosh
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - M Imad Damaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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195
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Abstract
The central cholinergic system is one of the most important modulator neurotransmitter system implicated in diverse behavioral processes. Activation of the basal forebrain cortical cholinergic input system represents a critical step in cortical information processing. This chapter explores recent developments illustrating cortical cholinergic transmission mediate defined cognitive operations, which is contrary to the traditional view that acetylcholine acts as a slowly acting neuromodulator that influences arousal cortex-wide. Specifically, we review the evidence that phasic cholinergic signaling in the prefrontal cortex is a causal mediator of signal detection. In addition, studies that support the neuromodulatory role of cholinergic inputs in top-down attentional control are summarized. Finally, we review new findings that reveal sex differences and hormonal regulation of the cholinergic-attention system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Parikh
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Debra A Bangasser
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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196
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Bandrivska OO, Mykhailiuk VM, Mykhailiuk IA, Malko NV. Heart reaction of male and female with streptozotocin induced diabetes on cholinergic impacts. Wiad Lek 2020; 73:224-228. [PMID: 32248149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: Find out the nature of the changes sensitivity of the heart to the cholinergic influences the development of diabetes depending on gender. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: In experiments on adult male and female rats, type 1 diabetes by momentary introduction of streptozotocin at a dose of 60 mg/ kg into the peritoneal cavity was modeled. Animals were examined after 15, 30, 60 and 90 days after introduction of streptozotocin. We studied the sensitivity of cholinoreceptors of sinus node by the intensity of bradycardia with intravenous injection of acetylcholine and electrical stimulation of the peripheral segment of the right vagus nerve. RESULTS Results: It was established that the intensity of the negative chronotropic effect of heart of males by electric stimulation of the vagus nerve, which depends on the reserves of acetylcholine in the presynaptic section and sensitivity of postsynaptic cholinoreceptors, increased gradually and after 90 days prevailed the output value in 2.2 times. This occurred at the background of a slight (10 %) decrease in response to exogenous acetylcholine that reflected the decrease in sensitivity of cholinoreceptors. In females the maximum increase (in 4.4 times) of the intensity of the negative chronotropic effect of vagus nerve stimulation was observed after 30 days from the start of the experiment. After 90 days, this indicator prevailed the controlled one in 3.3 times, which occurred at the background of heart response decreasing to exogenous acetylcholine (in 1.7 times). CONCLUSION Conclusions: Obtained results suggest a more significant change in state of cholinoceptor system of myocardium of females compared with males in the dynamics of development of streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Natalia V Malko
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
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Kass R. Mindful Breathing Offers Relief for Myasthenia Gravis: A Case Report. Adv Mind Body Med 2019; 33:22-25. [PMID: 31370037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a disease characterized by proximal muscle weakness due to autoimmunity against acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). This case studies one MG patient who participated in thirty-minute breathing sessions twice per week during her three week hospitalization. The patient's disease-related ptosis noticeably improved after each session. Slow breathing stimulates the parasympathetic response via the vagus nerve, which operates via acetylcholine efferents. Vagal stimulation may therefore provide more neurotransmitter for the reduced number of ACh receptors in MG, resulting in more efficient binding at the NMJ and reduction in symptoms. Additionally, these results may be explained by the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, wherein increased acetylcholine dampens the innate immune response. This report offers the possibility of a simple, non-pharmacological treatment of MG-related ptosis and potentially MG symptoms as a whole, with potential application toward other autoimmune disorders.
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Abstract
Acetylcholine promotes cognitive function through the regulation of cortical circuits. In this issue of Neuron, Urban-Ciecko et al. (2018) demonstrate how this neuromodulator can rapidly boost synapses from pyramidal to somatostatin neurons, unlocking a new computational ability in the cortical microcircuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Chevy
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Adam Kepecs
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
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Shadlaghani A, Farzaneh M, Kinser D, Reid RC. Direct Electrochemical Detection of Glutamate, Acetylcholine, Choline, and Adenosine Using Non-Enzymatic Electrodes. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:E447. [PMID: 30678261 PMCID: PMC6387276 DOI: 10.3390/s19030447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-electroactive neurotransmitters such as glutamate, acetylcholine, choline, and adenosine play a critical role in proper activity of living organisms, particularly in the nervous system. While enzyme-based sensing of this type of neurotransmitter has been a research interest for years, non-enzymatic approaches are gaining more attention because of their stability and low cost. Accordingly, this focused review aims to give a summary of the state of the art of non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors used for detection of neurotransmitter that lack an electrochemically active component. In place of using enzymes, transition metal materials such as those based on nickel show an acceptable level of catalytic activity for neurotransmitter sensing. They benefit from fast electron transport properties and high surface energy and their catalytic activity can be much improved if their surface is modified with nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes and platinum nanoparticles. However, a general comparison reveals that the performance of non-enzymatic biosensors is still lower than those that use enzyme-based methods. Nevertheless, their excellent stability demonstrates that non-enzymatic neurotransmitter sensors warrant additional research in order to advance them toward becoming an acceptable replacement for the more expensive enzyme-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Shadlaghani
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76209, USA.
| | - Mahsa Farzaneh
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76209, USA.
| | - Dacen Kinser
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76209, USA.
| | - Russell C Reid
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76209, USA.
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