201
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Abstract
Objectives: The identification of clinically relevant subtypes of insomnia is important. Including a comprehensive literature review, this study also introduces new phenotypical relevant parameters by describing a specific insomnia cohort. Methods: Patients visiting the sleep center and indicating self-reported signs of insomnia were examined by a sleep specialist who confirmed an insomnia diagnosis. A 14-item insomnia questionnaire on symptoms, progression, sleep history and treatment, was part of the clinical routine. Results: A cohort of 456 insomnia patients was described (56% women, mean age 52 ± 16 years). They had suffered from symptoms for about 12 ± 11 years before seeing a sleep specialist. About 40-50% mentioned a trigger (most frequently psychological triggers), a history of being bad sleepers to begin with, a family history of sleep problems, and a negative progression of insomnia. Over one third were not able to fall asleep during the day. SMI (sleep maintenance insomnia) symptoms were most frequent, but only prevalence of EMA (early morning awakening) symptoms significantly increased from 40 to 45% over time. Alternative non-medical treatments were effective in fewer than 10% of cases. Conclusion: Our specific cohort displayed a long history of suffering and the sleep specialist is usually not the first point of contact. We aimed to describe specific characteristics of insomnia with a simple questionnaire, containing questions (e.g., ability to fall asleep during the day, effects of non-medical therapy methods, symptom stability) not yet commonly asked and of unknown clinical relevance as yet. We suggest adding them to anamnesis to help differentiate the severity of insomnia and initiate further research, leading to a better understanding of the severity of insomnia and individualized therapy. This study is part of a specific Research Topic introduced by Frontiers on the heterogeneity of insomnia and its comorbidity and will hopefully inspire more research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Fietze
- Department of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Interdisciplinary Center of Sleep Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Naima Laharnar
- Department of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Interdisciplinary Center of Sleep Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Koellner
- Department of Behavioral Therapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Rehabilitation Center Seehof, Federal German Pension Agency, Seehof, Germany
| | - Thomas Penzel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Interdisciplinary Center of Sleep Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
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202
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Vyas M, Jain D. An update on subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma: From morphology to molecular. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2021; 64:S112-S120. [PMID: 34135152 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_751_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphologic spectrum of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is quite broad. While in about one-third of cases, the neoplasms can be categorized into meaningful subtypes based on morphology, a vast majority of these neoplasms are morphologically heterogeneous. With extensive tumor profiling, data has begun to emerge which can correlate specific morphologic features with underlying molecular signatures. A true morphologic subtype not only has reproducible H & E features, further supported by specific immunohistochemical or molecular signatures, but also has specific clinical implications and prognostic associations. Eight such morphologic subtypes are recognized by the 2019 WHO classification of tumors with a few more additional subtypes described in the literature. The goal of this review is to familiarize the reader with the morphologic subtypes and elaborate on the clinical and molecular associations of these neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Vyas
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dhanpat Jain
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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203
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Tremblay MÈ. A Diversity of Cell Types, Subtypes and Phenotypes in the Central Nervous System: The Importance of Studying Their Complex Relationships. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:628347. [PMID: 33424557 PMCID: PMC7785523 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.628347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Colombia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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204
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Giovanetti M, Ciccozzi M, Parolin C, Borsetti A. Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 in African Countries: A Comprehensive Overview. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9121072. [PMID: 33371264 PMCID: PMC7766877 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9121072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) originated in non-human primates in West-central Africa and continues to be a major global public health issue, having claimed almost 33 million lives so far. In Africa, it is estimated that more than 20 million people are living with HIV/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and that more than 730,000 new HIV-1 infections still occur each year, likely due to low access to testing. The high genetic variability of HIV-1, due to a fast replication cycle and high mutation rate, may cause the generation of many viral variants in a single infected patient during a single day. Therefore, the active monitoring and characterization of the HIV-1 subtypes and recombinant forms circulating through African countries poses a significant challenge to more specific diagnoses, treatments, care, and intervention strategies. In this review, a concise characterization of all the subtypes and recombinant forms circulating in Africa is presented to highlight the magnitude of the HIV-1 threat among the African countries and to understand virus genetic diversity and dispersion dynamics better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Giovanetti
- Reference Laboratory of Flavivirus, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Massimo Ciccozzi
- Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Cristina Parolin
- Department of Molecular, Medicine University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Borsetti
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-49903082
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205
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Linke F, Aldighieri M, Lourdusamy A, Grabowska AM, Stolnik S, Kerr ID, Merry CL, Coyle B. 3D hydrogels reveal medulloblastoma subgroup differences and identify extracellular matrix subtypes that predict patient outcome. J Pathol 2020; 253:326-338. [PMID: 33206391 PMCID: PMC7986745 DOI: 10.1002/path.5591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumour in children and is subdivided into four subgroups: WNT, SHH, Group 3, and Group 4. These molecular subgroups differ in their metastasis patterns and related prognosis rates. Conventional 2D cell culture methods fail to recapitulate these clinical differences. Realistic 3D models of the cerebellum are therefore necessary to investigate subgroup‐specific functional differences and their role in metastasis and chemoresistance. A major component of the brain extracellular matrix (ECM) is the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan. MB cell lines encapsulated in hyaluronan hydrogels grew as tumour nodules, with Group 3 and Group 4 cell lines displaying clinically characteristic laminar metastatic patterns and levels of chemoresistance. The glycoproteins, laminin and vitronectin, were identified as subgroup‐specific, tumour‐secreted ECM factors. Gels of higher complexity, formed by incorporation of laminin or vitronectin, revealed subgroup‐specific adhesion and growth patterns closely mimicking clinical phenotypes. ECM subtypes, defined by relative levels of laminin and vitronectin expression in patient tissue microarrays and gene expression data sets, were able to identify novel high‐risk MB patient subgroups and predict overall survival. Our hyaluronan model system has therefore allowed us to functionally characterize the interaction between different MB subtypes and their environment. It highlights the prognostic and pathological role of specific ECM factors and enables preclinical development of subgroup‐specific therapies. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Linke
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Macha Aldighieri
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anbarasu Lourdusamy
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anna M Grabowska
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Snow Stolnik
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ian D Kerr
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Catherine Lr Merry
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Beth Coyle
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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206
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Kim JY, Lee HS, Lee SH. EEG Source Network for the Diagnosis of Schizophrenia and the Identification of Subtypes Based on Symptom Severity-A Machine Learning Approach. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3934. [PMID: 33291657 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A precise diagnosis and a comprehensive assessment of symptom severity are important clinical issues in patients with schizophrenia (SZ). We investigated whether electroencephalography (EEG) features obtained from EEG source network analyses could be effectively applied to classify the SZ subtypes based on symptom severity. Sixty-four electrode EEG signals were recorded from 119 patients with SZ (53 males and 66 females) and 119 normal controls (NC, 51 males and 68 females) during resting-state with closed eyes. Brain network features (global and local clustering coefficient and global path length) were calculated from EEG source activities. According to positive, negative, and cognitive/disorganization symptoms, the SZ patients were divided into two groups (high and low) by positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS). To select features for classification, we used the sequential forward selection (SFS) method. The classification accuracy was evaluated using 10 by 10-fold cross-validation with the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classifier. The best classification accuracy was 80.66% for estimating SZ patients from the NC group. The best classification accuracy between low and high groups in positive, negative, and cognitive/disorganization symptoms were 88.10%, 75.25%, and 77.78%, respectively. The selected features well-represented the pathological brain regions of SZ. Our study suggested that resting-state EEG network features could successfully classify between SZ patients and the NC, and between low and high SZ groups in positive, negative, and cognitive/disorganization symptoms.
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207
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Liu L, Chen W, Sun L, Cheng J, Su Y, Rudaizky D, Li HM, Yang L, Qian QJ, Wang YF. The Characteristics and Age Effects of Emotional Lability in ADHD Children With and Without Oppositional Defiant Disorder. J Atten Disord 2020; 24:2042-2053. [PMID: 29224418 DOI: 10.1177/1087054717745594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study evaluated the concurrent validity of emotional lability (EL) in children with ADHD. Method: A total of 2,015 children with ADHD and 745 typically developed controls (TDCs) were assessed and compared on EL. Results: ADHD participants expressed higher EL scores than TDCs, not influenced by gender or IQ. Higher levels of EL symptoms were found in children with comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and with ADHD-combined subtype. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses showed a strong screening efficacy of EL symptoms on ADHD. The effect of developmental age on EL showed a desisting pattern in TDCs, as opposed to a persisting pattern in ADHD (not influenced by ODD comorbid status). ODD symptoms in ADHD showed an ascending pattern. Conclusion: EL can potentially serve as a sentinel index for the presence of ADHD, especially when the ADHD presentation is atypical. ODD may embody a developmental entity distinct from EL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Wai Chen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Complex Attention and Hyperactivity Disorders Service, (CAHDS), Department of Health, Perth, Western Austrlia, Australia
| | - Li Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Jia Cheng
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Yi Su
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Daniel Rudaizky
- Complex Attention and Hyperactivity Disorders Service, (CAHDS), Department of Health, Perth, Western Austrlia, Australia.,School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hai-Mei Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Li Yang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Qiu-Jin Qian
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Feng Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
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208
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Jiang W, Roellig DM, Lebbad M, Beser J, Troell K, Guo Y, Li N, Xiao L, Feng Y. Subtype distribution of zoonotic pathogen Cryptosporidium felis in humans and animals in several countries. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:2446-2454. [PMID: 33084542 PMCID: PMC7655080 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1840312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium felis is the major etiologic agent of cryptosporidiosis in felines and has been reported in numerous human cryptosporidiosis cases. Sequence analysis of the 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene has been developed for subtyping C. felis recently. In this study, 66 C. felis isolates from the United States, Jamaica, Peru, Portugal, Slovakia, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Kenya, China, India and Australia were subtyped using the newly established tool. Forty-four specimens yielded gp60 sequences, generating 23 subtypes clustered in 4 subtype families (XIXa, XIXc, XIXd and XIXe) with high bootstrap support in a phylogenetic analysis of sequence data. Among them, XIXa showed high genetic diversity at the nucleotide level, with the formation of 18 subtypes from both cats and humans with different geographic distribution. In contrast, all 11 XIXd isolates derived from humans from various countries had identical sequences. Results of this study improve our understanding of the genetic diversity, host specificity and transmission dynamics of C. felis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jiang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dawn M. Roellig
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Yaqiong Guo
- Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihua Xiao
- Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaoyu Feng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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209
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Tijms BM, Gobom J, Reus L, Jansen I, Hong S, Dobricic V, Kilpert F, ten Kate M, Barkhof F, Tsolaki M, Verhey FRJ, Popp J, Martinez-Lage P, Vandenberghe R, Lleó A, Molinuevo JL, Engelborghs S, Bertram L, Lovestone S, Streffer J, Vos S, Bos I, Blennow K, Scheltens P, Teunissen CE, Zetterberg H, Visser PJ. Pathophysiological subtypes of Alzheimer's disease based on cerebrospinal fluid proteomics. Brain 2020; 143:3776-3792. [PMID: 33439986 PMCID: PMC7805814 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is biologically heterogeneous, and detailed understanding of the processes involved in patients is critical for development of treatments. CSF contains hundreds of proteins, with concentrations reflecting ongoing (patho)physiological processes. This provides the opportunity to study many biological processes at the same time in patients. We studied whether Alzheimer's disease biological subtypes can be detected in CSF proteomics using the dual clustering technique non-negative matrix factorization. In two independent cohorts (EMIF-AD MBD and ADNI) we found that 705 (77% of 911 tested) proteins differed between Alzheimer's disease (defined as having abnormal amyloid, n = 425) and controls (defined as having normal CSF amyloid and tau and normal cognition, n = 127). Using these proteins for data-driven clustering, we identified three robust pathophysiological Alzheimer's disease subtypes within each cohort showing (i) hyperplasticity and increased BACE1 levels; (ii) innate immune activation; and (iii) blood-brain barrier dysfunction with low BACE1 levels. In both cohorts, the majority of individuals were labelled as having subtype 1 (80, 36% in EMIF-AD MBD; 117, 59% in ADNI), 71 (32%) in EMIF-AD MBD and 41 (21%) in ADNI were labelled as subtype 2, and 72 (32%) in EMIF-AD MBD and 39 (20%) individuals in ADNI were labelled as subtype 3. Genetic analyses showed that all subtypes had an excess of genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease (all P > 0.01). Additional pathological comparisons that were available for a subset in ADNI suggested that subtypes showed similar severity of Alzheimer's disease pathology, and did not differ in the frequencies of co-pathologies, providing further support that found subtypes truly reflect Alzheimer's disease heterogeneity. Compared to controls, all non-demented Alzheimer's disease individuals had increased risk of showing clinical progression (all P < 0.01). Compared to subtype 1, subtype 2 showed faster clinical progression after correcting for age, sex, level of education and tau levels (hazard ratio = 2.5; 95% confidence interval = 1.2, 5.1; P = 0.01), and subtype 3 at trend level (hazard ratio = 2.1; 95% confidence interval = 1.0, 4.4; P = 0.06). Together, these results demonstrate the value of CSF proteomics in studying the biological heterogeneity in Alzheimer's disease patients, and suggest that subtypes may require tailored therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty M Tijms
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Gobom
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Lianne Reus
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Jansen
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, The Netherlands
| | - Shengjun Hong
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), Institutes of Neurogenetics and Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Valerija Dobricic
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), Institutes of Neurogenetics and Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Fabian Kilpert
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), Institutes of Neurogenetics and Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mara ten Kate
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC - location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering, UCL London, London, UK
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 1st Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Makedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Frans R J Verhey
- Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Julius Popp
- University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Neurology Service, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alberto Lleó
- IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luís Molinuevo
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Alzheimer’s Disease Unit and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Institute Born-Bunge, Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, UZ Brussel and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lars Bertram
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), Institutes of Neurogenetics and Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Simon Lovestone
- University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Johannes Streffer
- Institute Born-Bunge, Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium
- UCB Biopharma SPRL, Brain-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Vos
- Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Bos
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, The Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC - location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, The Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Sweden
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210
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da Costa CP, Rodrigues JKF, de Morais VMS, de Andrade CADN, Neves PAF, Lima K. HIV-1 subtype frequency in Northeast Brazil: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Virol 2020; 92:3219-3229. [PMID: 32266997 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Information on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) molecular epidemiology is required to verify HIV/AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) epidemic dynamics in different regions, as well as provide support for response to antiretroviral therapy, transmission of resistance mutations, disease progression, and viral spread. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the frequency of HIV-1 subtypes in Northeast Brazil. Seventy-six articles that refer to HIV-1 and its subtypes in the Northeast Brazil and published between 1 January 1999 and 31 August 2019 were identified. We included 27 articles for the qualitative synthesis, thus analyzing results from 4466 patients and 4298 genomic sequences. The results showed that subtypes B, F, and C and recombinant BF were responsible for 76% (IC95%: 71-80), 8% (IC95%: 5-11), 2% (IC95%: 2-3), and 7% (IC95%: 4-12) infections, respectively. The highest proportion of subtype B infections (82.2%) was observed in Piauí, while the subtype F had a high frequency in Pernambuco (23.4%). Bahia presented 11.6% of the proportion of recombinant BF. In addition, several recombinants such as AG, BC, BCF, and BD have been identified in the region. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis on the HIV-1 subtype distribution in Northeast Brazil and has shown a high circulating viral diversity. Although subtype B is predominant in Brazil, a large frequency of non-B subtypes has also been found, which may have consequences for response to antiretroviral therapy, disease progression, and transmission. Thus, HIV molecular epidemiological data are essential for epidemic prevention and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clevson P da Costa
- Unidade de Laboratório de Análises Clínicas, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jessyca K F Rodrigues
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Viviane M S de Morais
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco da Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada, Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Setor de Virologia, Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Carlos A D N de Andrade
- Unidade de Laboratório de Análises Clínicas, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Patrícia A F Neves
- Unidade de Laboratório de Análises Clínicas, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Kledoaldo Lima
- Unidade de Laboratório de Análises Clínicas, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center, Jena, Germany
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211
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Popruk N, Prasongwattana S, Mahittikorn A, Palasuwan A, Popruk S, Palasuwan D. Prevalence and Subtype Distribution of Blastocystis Infection in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Thailand. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17238877. [PMID: 33260351 PMCID: PMC7730192 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major global public health problem with an increasing prevalence. DM increases the risk of infections caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. We examined the prevalence, subtypes, and risk factors of Blastocystis infection in patients with and without DM in central Thailand. Stool samples and questionnaires were obtained from 130 people in the DM group and 100 people in the non-DM group. Blastocystis infection was identified via a nested polymerase chain reaction and subtyped via sequencing of the partial small-subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene. Analysis of potential risk factors was conducted via binary logistic regression. The overall prevalence of Blastocystis infection was 10.8%, including rates of 9% and 12.3% in the non-DM and DM groups, respectively. The most prevalent subtype was ST3, followed by ST1, and ST4. Factors that potentially increased the risk of Blastocystis infection include patients being >65 years old, the presence of DM, a DM duration of ≥10 years, a low level of education, and animal ownership. In conclusion, this is the first study of Blastocystis infection in DM, and a high prevalence was found among this population. Therefore, health education promoting sanitation and hygiene is necessary to reduce and prevent infection in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noppon Popruk
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Satakamol Prasongwattana
- Department of Nursing, Bang Pa-in Hospital, Bang Pa-in District, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya 13160, Thailand;
| | - Aongart Mahittikorn
- Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Attakorn Palasuwan
- Oxidation in Red Cell Disorders Research Unit, Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Supaluk Popruk
- Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (D.P.); Tel.: +662-3549-100 (S.P.); +662-2181-541 (D.P.)
| | - Duangdao Palasuwan
- Oxidation in Red Cell Disorders Research Unit, Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (D.P.); Tel.: +662-3549-100 (S.P.); +662-2181-541 (D.P.)
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212
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Tang ZC, Chen Z, Shi YT, Wan LL, Liu MJ, Hou X, Wang CR, Peng HR, Peng LL, Qiu R, Tang BS, Jiang H. Central motor conduction time in spinocerebellar ataxia: a meta-analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:25718-25729. [PMID: 33232267 PMCID: PMC7803510 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The dominantly inherited spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a large class of neurodegenerative diseases. Transcranial magnetic stimulation has been used to evaluate the function of the pyramidal tract, and central motor conduction time (CMCT) is one index used to detect pyramidal tract dysfunction. We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase and Web of Science. Eight eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis. For upper limb CMCT, the mean difference (95% confidence interval (CI)) between the combined SCA group and the control group was 2.24 [1.76-2.72], while the mean differences (95% CIs) between the subtypes and the control group were as follows: 4.43 [3.58-5.28] for SCA1, 0.25 [-0.15,0.65] for SCA2, 1.04 [-0.37,2.46] for SCA3 and 0.49 [-0.29,1.28] for SCA6. Additionally, SCA1 significantly differed from SCA2 and SCA3 in terms of CMCT (P=0.0006 and P=0.010, respectively). We also compared lower limb CMCT between the SCA2 and control groups. The mean difference (95% CI) was 6.58 [4.49-8.67], which was clearly statistically significant. The differences in CMCT values among different subtypes suggests diverse pathological mechanisms. In general, CMCT is a promising objective index to judge the severity of disease deserving further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Chao Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Ting Shi
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin-Lin Wan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming-Jie Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuan Hou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chun-Rong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui-Rong Peng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin-Liu Peng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Qiu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bei-Sha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
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213
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Mohanty R, Mårtensson G, Poulakis K, Muehlboeck JS, Rodriguez-Vieitez E, Chiotis K, Grothe MJ, Nordberg A, Ferreira D, Westman E. Comparison of subtyping methods for neuroimaging studies in Alzheimer's disease: a call for harmonization. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa192. [PMID: 33305264 PMCID: PMC7713995 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological subtypes in Alzheimer's disease, originally identified on neuropathological data, have been translated to in vivo biomarkers such as structural magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography, to disentangle the heterogeneity within Alzheimer's disease. Although there is methodological variability across studies, comparable characteristics of subtypes are reported at the group level. In this study, we investigated whether group-level similarities translate to individual-level agreement across subtyping methods, in a head-to-head context. We compared five previously published subtyping methods. Firstly, we validated the subtyping methods in 89 amyloid-beta positive Alzheimer's disease dementia patients (reference group: 70 amyloid-beta negative healthy individuals) using structural magnetic resonance imaging. Secondly, we extended and applied the subtyping methods to 53 amyloid-beta positive prodromal Alzheimer's disease and 30 amyloid-beta positive Alzheimer's disease dementia patients (reference group: 200 amyloid-beta negative healthy individuals) using structural magnetic resonance imaging and tau positron emission tomography. Subtyping methods were implemented as outlined in each original study. Group-level and individual-level comparisons across methods were performed. Each individual subtyping method was replicated, and the proof-of-concept was established. At the group level, all methods captured subtypes with similar patterns of demographic and clinical characteristics, and with similar cortical thinning and tau positron emission tomography uptake patterns. However, at the individual level, large disagreements were found in subtype assignments. Although characteristics of subtypes are comparable at the group level, there is a large disagreement at the individual level across subtyping methods. Therefore, there is an urgent need for consensus and harmonization across subtyping methods. We call for the establishment of an open benchmarking framework to overcome this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaleena Mohanty
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gustav Mårtensson
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Konstantinos Poulakis
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J-Sebastian Muehlboeck
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Rodriguez-Vieitez
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Konstantinos Chiotis
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michel J Grothe
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Clinical Dementia Research Section, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Ferreira
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Westman
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroimaging, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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214
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Chen J, Cai T, Li Y, Chi J, Rong S, He C, Li X, Zhang P, Wang L, Zhang Y. Different iron deposition patterns in Parkinson's disease subtypes: a quantitative susceptibility mapping study. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2020; 10:2168-2176. [PMID: 33139996 DOI: 10.21037/qims-20-285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder with various subtypes and uncertain pathogenesis. Iron deposition is considered to be involved in the pathological mechanisms of PD. The present study aimed to investigate the iron deposition in deep gray matter in patients with different PD subtypes using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). Methods Forty-six PD patients and 22 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited for the study. PD patients were allocated to the tremor-dominant (TD) group (n=22), postural instability and gait disorder-dominant (PIGD) group (n=19), and intermediate group (n=5). Susceptibility values in deep gray matter nuclei measured by QSM among the PD-TD and PD-PIGD groups and the HCs, as well as the relationship between iron accumulation and clinical motor features, were investigated. Results Susceptibility values in the dentate nucleus (DN) were greater in the PD-TD (118.73±70.45) group than in the PD-PIGD (72.14±39.85, P=0.02) group and HCs (78.26±41.38, P=0.042). Further, a significant positive correlation was observed between the DN susceptibility values and tremor scores (r=0.324, P=0.028). Compared with the HCs (182.60±85.35), both the PD-TD (282.00±102.49, P=0.006) and PD-PIGD groups (284.91±118.54, P=0.007) exhibited greater susceptibility values in the substantia nigra (SN) pars reticulata. The susceptibility values in the SN pars compacta were also greater in the PD-PIGD group (164.51±89.44) than in the HCs (107.78±63.11, P=0.048). Conclusions The present study demonstrated various iron deposition patterns in different PD phenotypes. These findings give insight into the pathophysiology underlying different PD phenotypes, and potentially illustrate the involvement of iron deposition in the PD-TD and PD-PIGD subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Chen
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, China
| | - Tongtong Cai
- Department of Neurology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieshan Chi
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siming Rong
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chentao He
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Piao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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215
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McGuire JF, Myers NS, Lewin AB, Storch EA, Rahman O. The Influence of Hair Pulling Styles in the Treatment of Trichotillomania. Behav Ther 2020; 51:895-904. [PMID: 33051032 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This report investigated the improvement in Automatic and Focused styles of hair pulling among youth with trichotillomania (TTM). Youth with TTM (N = 40) participated in a clinical trial that compared habit reversal training (HRT) to treatment-as-usual (TAU). Participants completed a baseline assessment to characterize hair pulling severity, self-reported hair pulling styles, and co-occurring psychiatric conditions. Youth were randomly assigned to receive eight weekly sessions of HRT or eight weeks of TAU. Afterward, youth completed a post-treatment assessment of hair pulling severity and hair pulling styles. Youth in the TAU condition then received eight weekly sessions of HRT and completed another post-treatment assessment. Analyses revealed that the Focused pulling style largely improved with HRT (d = 0.73) compared to TAU (d = 0.11). However, there was limited improvement for the Automatic pulling style following either HRT (d = 0.10) or TAU (d = -0.31). This same pattern of effects was also found during open-label treatment with HRT. Although behavior therapies such as HRT are the principle treatment for youth with TTM, the Automatic pulling style exhibited limited improvement to this therapeutic approach. Therefore, therapeutic strategies that enhance awareness to pulling behaviors may produce more robust outcomes to behavior therapy for youth with TTM.
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216
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Deviatkin AA, Karganova GG, Vakulenko YA, Lukashev AN. TBEV Subtyping in Terms of Genetic Distance. Viruses 2020; 12:E1240. [PMID: 33142676 PMCID: PMC7692686 DOI: 10.3390/v12111240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the lowest formal taxon in virus classification is species; however, unofficial lower-level units are commonly used in everyday work. Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a species of mammalian tick-borne flaviviruses that may cause encephalitis. Many known representatives of TBEV are grouped into subtypes, mostly according to their phylogenetic relationship. However, the emergence of novel sequences could dissolve this phylogenetic grouping; in the absence of strict quantitative criterion, it may be hard to define the borders of the first TBEV taxonomic unit below the species level. In this study, the nucleotide/amino-acid space of all known TBEV sequences was analyzed. Amino-acid sequence p-distances could not reliably distinguish TBEV subtypes. Viruses that differed by less than 10% of nucleotides in the polyprotein-coding gene belonged to the same subtype. At the same time, more divergent viruses were representatives of different subtypes. According to this distance criterion, TBEV species may be divided into seven subtypes: TBEV-Eur, TBEV-Sib, TBEV-FE, TBEV-2871 (TBEV-Ob), TBEV-Him, TBEV-178-79 (TBEV-Bkl-1), and TBEV-886-84 (TBEV-Bkl-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei A. Deviatkin
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119048 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Galina G. Karganova
- Department of Organization and Technology of Immunobiological Preparations, Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides (FSBSI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS), 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia A. Vakulenko
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Lukashev
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119048 Moscow, Russia;
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia;
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217
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Schmidt M, Hopp L, Arakelyan A, Kirsten H, Engel C, Wirkner K, Krohn K, Burkhardt R, Thiery J, Loeffler M, Loeffler-Wirth H, Binder H. The Human Blood Transcriptome in a Large Population Cohort and Its Relation to Aging and Health. Front Big Data 2020; 3:548873. [PMID: 33693414 PMCID: PMC7931910 DOI: 10.3389/fdata.2020.548873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The blood transcriptome is expected to provide a detailed picture of an organism's physiological state with potential outcomes for applications in medical diagnostics and molecular and epidemiological research. We here present the analysis of blood specimens of 3,388 adult individuals, together with phenotype characteristics such as disease history, medication status, lifestyle factors, and body mass index (BMI). The size and heterogeneity of this data challenges analytics in terms of dimension reduction, knowledge mining, feature extraction, and data integration. Methods: Self-organizing maps (SOM)-machine learning was applied to study transcriptional states on a population-wide scale. This method permits a detailed description and visualization of the molecular heterogeneity of transcriptomes and of their association with different phenotypic features. Results: The diversity of transcriptomes is described by personalized SOM-portraits, which specify the samples in terms of modules of co-expressed genes of different functional context. We identified two major blood transcriptome types where type 1 was found more in men, the elderly, and overweight people and it upregulated genes associated with inflammation and increased heme metabolism, while type 2 was predominantly found in women, younger, and normal weight participants and it was associated with activated immune responses, transcriptional, ribosomal, mitochondrial, and telomere-maintenance cell-functions. We find a striking overlap of signatures shared by multiple diseases, aging, and obesity driven by an underlying common pattern, which was associated with the immune response and the increase of inflammatory processes. Conclusions: Machine learning applications for large and heterogeneous omics data provide a holistic view on the diversity of the human blood transcriptome. It provides a tool for comparative analyses of transcriptional signatures and of associated phenotypes in population studies and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Schmidt
- IZBI, Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lydia Hopp
- IZBI, Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arsen Arakelyan
- BIG, Group of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Holger Kirsten
- IMISE, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Engel
- IMISE, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wirkner
- IMISE, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Knut Krohn
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralph Burkhardt
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joachim Thiery
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Loeffler
- IZBI, Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,IMISE, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henry Loeffler-Wirth
- IZBI, Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans Binder
- IZBI, Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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218
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Toh ZQ, He L, Chen C, Huang A, Russell FM, Garland SM, Reyburn R, Ratu T, Tuivaga E, Frazer IH, Mulholland EK, Licciardi PV. Measurement of Human Papillomavirus-Specific Antibodies Using a Pseudovirion-Based ELISA Method. Front Immunol 2020; 11:585768. [PMID: 33193410 PMCID: PMC7655971 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.585768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are safe and effective in preventing HPV infection and cervical precancers. Neutralizing antibodies are thought to be the primary mechanism of protection for HPV vaccines, although the exact level required for protection has not been identified. Three common serological assays used in clinical trials to measure HPV antibodies are HPV pseudovirion-based neutralization assay (PBNA), competitive or total Luminex immunoassays (cLIA or LIA) and VLP-based enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). While PBNA is the gold-standard for measuring neutralizing antibodies (NAb), it is labor intensive. Luminex immunoassay and VLP-ELISA are rapid and high throughput, but their reagents and equipment can be difficult to source. Nevertheless, data generated from these assays generally correlate well with PBNA. Here, we described a simplified high-throughput PsV-based ELISA for HPV antibody measurement, to circumvent some of the limitations of existing assays. Using this assay, we were able to differentiate HPV-specific IgG and IgM, and found a strong correlation between HPV-specific IgG and NAb levels, as previously determined by PBNA. This assay platform is simpler and less time-consuming than PBNA. In addition, the materials can be readily produced and obtained commercially. This assay can be used as an alternative method to measure HPV antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Quan Toh
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura He
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Catherine Chen
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Angela Huang
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Fiona M Russell
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Suzanne M Garland
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Regional WHO HPV Reference Laboratory, Centre Women's Infectious Diseases Research, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rita Reyburn
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tupou Ratu
- Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Suva, Fiji
| | - Evelyn Tuivaga
- Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Suva, Fiji
| | - Ian H Frazer
- Faculty of Medicine, Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - E Kim Mulholland
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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219
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Zhang X, Vos HR, Tao W, Stoorvogel W. Proteomic Profiling of Two Distinct Populations of Extracellular Vesicles Isolated from Human Seminal Plasma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7957. [PMID: 33114768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Body fluids contain many populations of extracellular vesicles (EV) that differ in size, cellular origin, molecular composition, and biological activities. EV in seminal plasma are in majority originating from prostate epithelial cells, and hence are also referred to as prostasomes. Nevertheless, EV are also contributed by other accessory sex glands, as well as by the testis and epididymis. In a previous study, we isolated EV from seminal plasma of vasectomized men, thereby excluding contributions from the testis and epididymis, and identified two distinct EV populations with diameters of 50 and 100 nm, respectively. In the current study, we comprehensively analyzed the protein composition of these two EV populations using quantitative Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In total 1558 proteins were identified. Of these, ≈45% was found only in the isolated 100 nm EV, 1% only in the isolated 50 nm EV, and 54% in both 100 nm and 50 nm EV. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis suggest that both originate from the prostate, but with distinct biogenesis pathways. Finally, nine proteins, including KLK3, KLK2, MSMB, NEFH, PSCA, PABPC1, TGM4, ALOX15B, and ANO7, with known prostate specific expression and alternate expression levels in prostate cancer tissue were identified. These data have potential for the discovery of EV associated prostate cancer biomarkers in blood.
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Lumba-Brown A, Niknam K, Cornwell J, Meyer C, Ghajar J. Sex-Related Differences in Neurosensory Alterations Following Blunt Head Injury. Front Neurol 2020; 11:1051. [PMID: 33041988 PMCID: PMC7522405 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is heterogeneity in neurosensory alterations following mild traumatic brain injury. Commonly assessed neurosensory symptoms following head injury include symptom reports and measures of oculomotor impairment, auditory changes, and vestibular impairment. Hypothesis/Purpose: Neurosensory alterations are prevalent acutely following mild traumatic brain injury secondary to blunt head trauma during collegiate varsity sports and may vary by sex and sport. Study Design: Retrospective study of a large collegiate athletic database. Methods: Analyses were performed using an established single University dataset of 177 male and female collegiate varsity athletes who were diagnosed with concussion/mild traumatic brain injury between September 2013 and October 2019. Descriptive and comparative analyses were performed on individual and grouped acute concussion assessments pertaining to neurosensory alterations obtained within 72 h of injury using components of the Sports Concussion Assessment Tool Version 5 and Vestibular/Ocular-Motor Screening. Results: Females had significantly more abnormal smooth pursuit (p-value: 0.045), convergence (p-value: 0.031), and visual motion sensitivity tests results (p-value: 0.023) than males. There were no differences in neurosensory alterations when grouped by overall auditory, vestibular, or oculomotor impairments. The majority of sports-related concussions occurred during football (50, 28.25%), wrestling (21, 11.86%), water polo (15, 8.47%), and basketball (14, 7.91%). Abnormal vestibular assessments were high in these top four sports categories, but statistically significant differences in overall auditory, vestibular, or oculomotor impairments were not reached by individual sport. However, water polo players had higher abnormal individual assessments related to balance reports on the sideline (60.00%, p-value: 0.045) and in the clinic setting (57.14%, p-value: 0.038) as compared to all other sports. Conclusion: While neurosensory alterations are prevalent in both male and female athletes acutely post-concussion, females have a higher incidence of abnormalities in smooth pursuit, convergence, and visual motion sensitivity and may benefit from early rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Lumba-Brown
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Kian Niknam
- University of California, San Francisco Medical School, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jordan Cornwell
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Courtney Meyer
- Athletic Training, Department of Sports Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Jamshid Ghajar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Performance Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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221
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Chaudhary K, Vaid A, Duffy Á, Paranjpe I, Jaladanki S, Paranjpe M, Johnson K, Gokhale A, Pattharanitima P, Chauhan K, O'Hagan R, Van Vleck T, Coca SG, Cooper R, Glicksberg B, Bottinger EP, Chan L, Nadkarni GN. Utilization of Deep Learning for Subphenotype Identification in Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 15:1557-1565. [PMID: 33033164 PMCID: PMC7646246 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.09330819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Sepsis-associated AKI is a heterogeneous clinical entity. We aimed to agnostically identify sepsis-associated AKI subphenotypes using deep learning on routinely collected data in electronic health records. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS We used the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III database, which consists of electronic health record data from intensive care units in a tertiary care hospital in the United States. We included patients ≥18 years with sepsis who developed AKI within 48 hours of intensive care unit admission. We then used deep learning to utilize all available vital signs, laboratory measurements, and comorbidities to identify subphenotypes. Outcomes were mortality 28 days after AKI and dialysis requirement. RESULTS We identified 4001 patients with sepsis-associated AKI. We utilized 2546 combined features for K-means clustering, identifying three subphenotypes. Subphenotype 1 had 1443 patients, and subphenotype 2 had 1898 patients, whereas subphenotype 3 had 660 patients. Subphenotype 1 had the lowest proportion of liver disease and lowest Simplified Acute Physiology Score II scores compared with subphenotypes 2 and 3. The proportions of patients with CKD were similar between subphenotypes 1 and 3 (15%) but highest in subphenotype 2 (21%). Subphenotype 1 had lower median bilirubin levels, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase compared with subphenotypes 2 and 3. Patients in subphenotype 1 also had lower median lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, and white blood cell count than patients in subphenotypes 2 and 3. Subphenotype 1 also had lower creatinine and BUN than subphenotypes 2 and 3. Dialysis requirement was lowest in subphenotype 1 (4% versus 7% [subphenotype 2] versus 26% [subphenotype 3]). The mortality 28 days after AKI was lowest in subphenotype 1 (23% versus 35% [subphenotype 2] versus 49% [subphenotype 3]). After adjustment, the adjusted odds ratio for mortality for subphenotype 3, with subphenotype 1 as a reference, was 1.9 (95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 2.4). CONCLUSIONS Utilizing routinely collected laboratory variables, vital signs, and comorbidities, we were able to identify three distinct subphenotypes of sepsis-associated AKI with differing outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumardeep Chaudhary
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Akhil Vaid
- Hasso Plattner Institute of Digital Health at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Áine Duffy
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ishan Paranjpe
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Suraj Jaladanki
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Manish Paranjpe
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kipp Johnson
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Avantee Gokhale
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Pattharawin Pattharanitima
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Kinsuk Chauhan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ross O'Hagan
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Tielman Van Vleck
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Steven G Coca
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Richard Cooper
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Benjamin Glicksberg
- Hasso Plattner Institute of Digital Health at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Erwin P Bottinger
- Hasso Plattner Institute of Digital Health at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Lili Chan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Girish N Nadkarni
- Hasso Plattner Institute of Digital Health at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York .,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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222
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Dwyer P, Saron CD, Rivera SM. Identification of Longitudinal Sensory Subtypes in Typical Development and Autism Spectrum Development Using Growth Mixture Modelling. Res Autism Spectr Disord 2020; 78:101645. [PMID: 32944065 PMCID: PMC7491753 DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior longitudinal investigations of trajectories of sensory features in Autism Spectrum Development (ASD) have not explored heterogeneity. The present study explores initial levels and trajectories of sensory features in ASD as well as, for comparison, typical development. METHOD Growth mixture modelling was used to explore classes of autistic and typically-developing participants based on caregiver-reported total sensory behaviours on the Short Sensory Profile (SSP) at two time points, when children were aged 2-5 and 4-10 years of age, respectively. RESULTS Three classes are described: a mixed class of autistic and typically-developing participants with few problematic sensory behaviours ("Stable Mild"), a mostly-autistic class with more problematic sensory features ("Stable Intense"), and a small class of autistic participants whose sensory features reportedly worsened ("Increasingly Intense"). Autistic participants in the Stable Intense class exhibited high anxiety, while autistic participants in the Increasingly Intense class appeared to obtain high scores on cognitive assessments. CONCLUSIONS The heterogeneity of sensory features and challenges found in the present study may suggest that practitioners should conduct individualized assessments of sensory features in ASD. Furthermore, practitioners should be aware of links between sensory features and anxiety in ASD, which may imply that sensory accommodations and supports could protect against anxiety. Finally, the worsening of sensory features over time in the Increasingly Intense subgroup may indicate a need for continued monitoring of changes in sensory features, perhaps especially as sensory environments change during periods of transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Dwyer
- Center for Mind and Brain, UC Davis, 267 Cousteau Place, Davis, CA, USA 95618
| | | | - Susan M Rivera
- Department of Psychology, UC Davis, Center for Mind and Brain, UC Davis, MIND Institute, UC Davis
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223
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Abstract
Early descriptions of subtypes of Parkinson's disease (PD) are dominated by the approach of predetermined groups. Experts defined, from clinical observation, groups based on clinical or demographic features that appeared to divide PD into clinically distinct subsets. Common bases on which to define subtypes have been motor phenotype (tremor dominant vs akinetic-rigid or postural instability gait disorder types), age, nonmotor dominant symptoms, and genetic forms. Recently, data-driven approaches have been used to define PD subtypes, taking an unbiased statistical approach to the identification of PD subgroups. The vast majority of data-driven subtyping has been done based on clinical features. Biomarker-based subtyping is an emerging but still quite undeveloped field. Not all of the subtyping methods have established therapeutic implications. This may not be surprising given that they were born largely from clinical observations of phenotype and not in observations regarding treatment response or biological hypotheses. The next frontier for subtypes research as it applies to personalized medicine in PD is the development of genotype-specific therapies. Therapies for GBA-PD and LRRK2-PD are already under development. This review discusses each of the major subtyping systems/methods in terms of its applicability to therapy in PD, and the opportunities and challenges designing clinical trials to develop the evidence base for personalized medicine based on subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Marras
- Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - K Ray Chaudhuri
- Parkinson's Foundation International Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital and King's College London, Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Nataliya Titova
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Federal Center of Brain and Neurotechnologies, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tiago A Mestre
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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224
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Ugalde‐Morales E, Grassmann F, Humphreys K, Li J, Eriksson M, Tobin NP, Borg Å, Vallon‐Christersson J, Hall P, Czene K. Association between breast cancer risk and disease aggressiveness: Characterizing underlying gene expression patterns. Int J Cancer 2020; 148:884-894. [PMID: 32856720 PMCID: PMC7818270 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The association between breast cancer risk defined by the Tyrer-Cuzick score (TC) and disease prognosis is not well established. Here, we investigated the relationship between 5-year TC and disease aggressiveness and then characterized underlying molecular processes. In a case-only study (n = 2474), we studied the association of TC with molecular subtypes and tumor characteristics. In a subset of patients (n = 672), we correlated gene expression to TC and computed a low-risk TC gene expression (TC-Gx) profile, that is, a profile expected to be negatively associated with risk, which we used to test for association with disease aggressiveness. We performed enrichment analysis to pinpoint molecular processes likely to be altered in low-risk tumors. A higher TC was found to be inversely associated with more aggressive surrogate molecular subtypes and tumor characteristics (P < .05) including Ki-67 proliferation status (P < 5 × 10-07 ). Our low-risk TC-Gx, based on the weighted sum of 37 expression values of genes strongly correlated with TC, was associated with basal-like (P < 5 × 10-13 ), HER2-enriched subtype (P < 5 × 10-07 ) and worse 10-year breast cancer-specific survival (log-rank P < 5 × 10-04 ). Associations between low-risk TC-Gx and more aggressive molecular subtypes were replicated in an independent cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas database (n = 975). Gene expression that correlated with low TC was enriched in proliferation and oncogenic signaling pathways (FDR < 0.05). Moreover, higher proliferation was a key factor explaining the association with worse survival. Women who developed breast cancer despite having a low risk were diagnosed with more aggressive tumors and had a worse prognosis, most likely driven by increased proliferation. Our findings imply the need to establish risk factors associated with more aggressive breast cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Ugalde‐Morales
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Felix Grassmann
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Institute of Medical SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Keith Humphreys
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Swedish eScience Research Centre (SeRC)Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Jingmei Li
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Human GeneticsGenome Institute of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Nicholas P. Tobin
- Department of Oncology‐PathologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Åke Borg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and PathologyLund UniversityLundSweden
- Department of OncologyLund University Cancer CenterLundSweden
- CREATE Health Strategic Centre for Translational Cancer ResearchLund UniversityLundSweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, SCIBLU GenomicsLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Johan Vallon‐Christersson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and PathologyLund UniversityLundSweden
- Department of OncologyLund University Cancer CenterLundSweden
- CREATE Health Strategic Centre for Translational Cancer ResearchLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of OncologySödersjukhusetStockholmSweden
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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225
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Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with reduced school performance. To determine which ADHD symptoms and subtypes have the strongest association, we used type and frequency of symptoms on the 2014 National Survey of the Diagnosis and Treatment of ADHD and Tourette Syndrome (NS-DATA) to create symptom scores for inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity and define subtypes (ADHD-Inattentive [ADHD-I], ADHD-Hyperactive-Impulsive, ADHD-Combined [ADHD-C]). Regression methods were used to examine associations between symptoms and subtype and a composite measure of school performance. Children with ADHD-C and ADHD-I had higher adjusted odds of having reduced overall school performance (ADHD-C = 5.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.1-10.9; ADHD-I = 5.5, 95% CI = 3.1-10.1) compared with children without ADHD. All inattentive symptoms were significantly related to reduced school performance in reading, writing, and handwriting, while 6 of 9 symptoms were significantly associated in mathematics. Children with ADHD-I were significantly more likely than children with other ADHD subtypes to receive a school-based Individualized Education Program or 504 Plan. ADHD-I symptoms may be broadly linked to reduced school performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Rigoni
- Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - David C Rettew
- University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.,Vermont Department of Mental Health, Waterbury, VT, USA
| | - Laurin Kasehagen
- Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, VT, USA.,University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Reproductive Health, Field Support Branch, MCH Epidemiology Program Team, Atlanta, GA, USA
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226
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Jääskeläinen A, Roininen N, Karihtala P, Jukkola A. High Parity Predicts Poor Outcomes in Patients With Luminal B-Like (HER2 Negative) Early Breast Cancer: A Prospective Finnish Single-Center Study. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1470. [PMID: 32923400 PMCID: PMC7457016 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
While breast cancer prognoses are generally good, different molecular subtypes are known to have varying outcomes. Previous studies using breast cancer registries have suggested that high parity may be an adverse prognostic factor in luminal breast cancer, but breast cancer subtype definitions have varied and there have been few prospective studies. We therefore collected prospective data from patients diagnosed with early breast cancer at a single institution and followed them for a median of 8.5 years. All patients (N = 594) were treated according to Finnish national guidelines using modern treatment modalities in a Finnish university hospital. Clinicopathological surrogates of the intrinsic breast cancer subtypes were updated to match European Society for Medical Oncology 2015 Early Breast Cancer Clinical Practice Guidelines. The overall 10-year breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) was 91.4%, with the longest 10-year BCSS observed in luminal A-like cancers (97.9%) and the worst in luminal B-like (HER2 positive) cancers (80.6%). Parity of ≥ 5 deliveries was also associated with poor BCSS (univariate P = 0.0020). However, when the subtypes were assessed separately in a multivariate analysis that included tumor size and nodal status, high parity remained significant only in luminal B-like (HER2 negative) cancers (HR = 2.63; 95% confidence interval = 1.04-6.62; P = 0.040). Our results suggest excellent overall 10-year BCSS but indicate that high parity is an adverse prognostic factor in luminal B-like (HER2 negative) breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anniina Jääskeläinen
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Nelli Roininen
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Peeter Karihtala
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arja Jukkola
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Tampere Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
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227
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Zhu Z, Zhang L, Lv J, Liu X, Wang X. Trans-omic profiling between clinical phenoms and lipidomes among patients with different subtypes of lung cancer. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:e151. [PMID: 32898330 PMCID: PMC7438979 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has high mortality, often accompanied with systemic metabolic disorders. The present study aimed at defining values of trans-nodules cross-clinical phenomic and lipidomic network layers in patients with adenocarcinoma (ADC), squamous cell carcinomas, or small cell lung cancer (SCLC). We measured plasma lipidomic profiles of lung cancer patients and found that altered lipid panels and concentrations varied among lung cancer subtypes, genders, ages, stages, metastatic status, nutritional status, and clinical phenome severity. It was shown that phosphatidylethanolamine elements (36:2, 18:0/18:2, and 18:1/18:1) were SCLC specific, whereas lysophosphatidylcholine (20:1 and 22:0 sn-position-1) and phosphatidylcholine (19:0/19:0 and 19:0/21:2) were ADC specific. There were statistically more lipids declined in male, <60 ages, late stage, metastasis, or body mass index < 22 . Clinical trans-omics analyses demonstrated that one phenome in lung cancer subtypes might be generated from multiple metabolic pathways and metabolites, whereas a metabolic pathway and metabolite could contribute to different phenomes among subtypes, although those needed to be furthermore confirmed by bigger studies including larger population of patients in multicenters. Thus, our data suggested that trans-omic profiles between clinical phenomes and lipidomes might have the value to uncover the heterogeneity of lipid metabolism among lung cancer subtypes and to screen out phenome-based lipid panels as subtype-specific biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhu
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jiapei Lv
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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228
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Sollberger TL, Gavrilyuk O, Rylander C. Excess Body Weight and Incidence of Type 1 and Type 2 Endometrial Cancer: The Norwegian Women and Cancer Study. Clin Epidemiol 2020; 12:815-824. [PMID: 32801919 PMCID: PMC7402855 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s253866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Excess body weight has been associated with increased risk of 13 cancer types and is a particularly strong risk factor for endometrial cancer (EC). Only a few previous studies have assessed the relationship between excess body weight and EC subtypes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the associations between excess weight and incidence of type 1 and type 2 EC. PATIENTS AND METHODS We used data from 151,537 participants in the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) cohort of which 935 were diagnosed with type 1 and 263 with type 2 EC during follow-up. Height and body weight were self-reported. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression was used to assess the associations between body mass index (BMI) and type 1 and type 2 EC. RESULTS For every 2 kg/m2 increase in BMI, the risk of type 1 EC increased by 21% (HR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.24) and the risk of type 2 EC by 10% (HR=1.10, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.16) (pheterogeneity = 0.009). During the period 1991 to 2016, 24.0% (95% CI: 20.0% to 27.8%) of type 1 EC cases was attributable to excess body weight. Avoiding obesity could have prevented 6.6% (95% CI: 3.4% to 9.7%) of type 2 EC cases. CONCLUSION Excess body weight was associated with both type 1 and type 2 EC in a dose-dependent manner and the association was significantly stronger in type 1 EC. These findings could support the hypothesis that estrogen plays a more important role in the development of type 1 ECs than in type 2 EC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oxana Gavrilyuk
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Charlotta Rylander
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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229
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Kim MS, Oh DJ. Monocyte counts are negatively associated with ankle-brachial index values in non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease patients. Ren Fail 2020; 42:740-747. [PMID: 32718214 PMCID: PMC7470144 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2020.1796704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to determine which leukocyte subtypes are most relevant to ankle-brachial index (ABI) values in patients with non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (NDD-CKD). The study included 79 NDD-CKD patients aged 62.84 ± 12.09 years (63.33% men; 26.67% patients with diabetes) and 21 age-matched normal controls. According to the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated by the CKD-Epidemiology Collaboration equation (CKD-EPI), we classified the study population into 2 groups (21 subjects with NDD-CKD with an eGFR 60–89 mL/min/1.73m2, 58 subjects with NDD-CKD with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2). ABI was calculated as the ratio of the ankle systolic BP divided by the arm systolic BP using an ABI-form device. An automated hematologic analyzer was used to measure total and differential leukocyte counts. Monocyte counts and monocyte-to-total leukocyte count ratios (MTR) in patients with an ABI value <1.10 were significantly higher than those in patients with an ABI value ≥1.10, respectively. Univariate analyses revealed that mean ABI values were negatively correlated with monocyte count (r= −0.341; p = 0.044), MTR (r= −0.346, p = 0.031). Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that monocyte count was negatively associated with ABI values (β ± SE = −1.825 ± 0.341, p = 0.013). The area under the curve of monocyte counts was 0.695 (95% confidence interval 0.586–0.804, p = 0.002) in predicting an ABI value <1.10. Monocyte counts are negatively associated with ABI values in patients with NDD-CKD without apparent peripheral arterial occlusive disorder (PAOD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Sung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
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Kotova VO, Trotsenko OE, Balakhontseva LA, Bazykina EA. [Molecular genetic characteristics of HIV-1 variants isolated in the subjects of the Russian Far East.]. Vopr Virusol 2020; 64:79-89. [PMID: 31412174 DOI: 10.18821/0507-4088-2019-64-2-79-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Molecular-genetic monitoring of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug-resistant strains circulation as well as analysis of territorial peculiarities of different genetic variants prevalence of the virus is a crucial part of epidemiological surveillance over HIV-infection spread. PURPOSE Objective of the research - to analyze the prevalence of HIV-1 genetic variants among HIV-positive people living in different constituent entities of the Far Eastern Federal District. MATERIAL AND METHODS Molecular-genetic analysis of the Pol-gene that is coding protease and a part of reverse transcriptase of HIV-1 was performed for a total number of 206 blood plasma samples. The biological material was collected from HIV-positive people living in Sakhalin, Magadan and Amur regions, Jewish Autonomous District, Khabarovsk region, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and Chukotka Autonomous Region (constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the Russian Far East). RESULTS The research demonstrated that HIV-1 sub-subtype A6 continues to be dominant and comprises 72.1±3.1% of all isolated subtypes in the regions of the Russian Far East. HIV-1 subtype B was identified in 14 cases (6.8±1.8%) and subtype C in 4 cases (1.9±1.0%). Spectrum of HIV-1 recombinant forms was determined for some regions. We identified five types of HIV-1 circulating recombinant forms (CRF): CRF03_AB - 2 (0.9±0.7%), CRF02_AG - 8 (3.9±1.3%), CRF63_02A1 - 27 (13.1±2.4%), CRF11_cpx - 1 (0.5±0.5%), CRF01_AE - 3 (1.5±0.8%). High heterogeneity of the virus was registered in the Jewish Autonomous District. DISCUSSION The conducted research revealed genetic differences in the landscape of HIV-1 subtypes circulation as well as differences in HIV-1 recombinant forms distribution frequency in the Russian Far East. Current findings are due to expansion of migration flows that promote cross-border importation and further spread of different HIV-1 genetic variants among population of the Far Eastern Federal District. CONCLUSION The conducted research revealed that the molecular-genetic monitoring of HIV-1 genovariants should involve not only regions with high HIV-abundance but also with low HIV-prevalence and incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- V O Kotova
- Khabarovsk Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Khabarovsk, 680610, Russian Federation
| | - O E Trotsenko
- Khabarovsk Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Khabarovsk, 680610, Russian Federation
| | - L A Balakhontseva
- Khabarovsk Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Khabarovsk, 680610, Russian Federation
| | - E A Bazykina
- Khabarovsk Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Khabarovsk, 680610, Russian Federation
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231
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Fabeni L, Santoro MM, Lorenzini P, Rusconi S, Gianotti N, Costantini A, Sarmati L, Antinori A, Ceccherini-Silberstein F, d'Arminio Monforte A, Saracino A, Girardi E, On Behalf Of The Icona Foundation Study Cohort. Evaluation of HIV Transmission Clusters among Natives and Foreigners Living in Italy. Viruses 2020; 12:E791. [PMID: 32718024 DOI: 10.3390/v12080791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed at evaluating the characteristics of HIV-1 molecular transmission clusters (MTCs) among natives and migrants living in Italy, diagnosed between 1998 and 2018. Phylogenetic analyses were performed on HIV-1 polymerase (pol) sequences to characterise subtypes and identify MTCs, divided into small (SMTCs, 2–3 sequences), medium (MMTCs, 4–9 sequences) and large (LMTCs, ≥10 sequences). Among 3499 drug-naïve individuals enrolled in the Italian Cohort Naive Antiretroviral (ICONA) cohort (2804 natives; 695 migrants), 726 (20.8%; 644 natives, 82 migrants) were involved in 228 MTCs (6 LMTCs, 36 MMTCs, 186 SMTCs). Migrants contributed 14.4% to SMTCs, 7.6% to MMTCs and 7.1% to LMTCs, respectively. HIV-1 non-B subtypes were found in 51 MTCs; noteworthy was that non-B infections involved in MTCs were more commonly found in natives (n = 47) than in migrants (n = 4). Factors such as Italian origin, being men who have sex with men (MSM), younger age, more recent diagnosis and a higher CD4 count were significantly associated with MTCs. Our findings show that HIV-1 clustering transmission among newly diagnosed individuals living in Italy is prevalently driven by natives, mainly MSM, with a more recent diagnosis and frequently infected with HIV-1 non-B subtypes. These results can contribute to monitoring of the HIV epidemic and guiding the public health response to prevent new HIV infections.
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232
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Davies JR, Britton A, Liu SM, Acharya KR. High-resolution crystal structures of the botulinum neurotoxin binding domains from subtypes A5 and A6. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:1474-1481. [PMID: 32654405 PMCID: PMC7396429 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) cause flaccid paralysis through inhibition of acetylcholine release from motor neurons; however, at tiny doses, this property is exploited for use as a therapeutic. Each member of the BoNT family of proteins consists of three distinct domains: a binding domain that targets neuronal cell membranes (HC ), a translocation domain (HN ) and a catalytic domain (LC). Here, we present high-resolution crystal structures of the binding domains of BoNT subtypes/A5 (HC /A5) and/A6 (HC /A6). These structures show that the core fold identified in other subtypes is maintained, but with subtle differences at the expected receptor-binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Davies
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Claverton Down, University of Bath, Bath, UK.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Amy Britton
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Claverton Down, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Sai Man Liu
- Ipsen Bioinnovation Limited, Milton Park, Abingdon, UK
| | - K Ravi Acharya
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Claverton Down, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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Harris MA, Shen X, Cox SR, Gibson J, Adams MJ, Clarke TK, Deary IJ, Lawrie SM, McIntosh AM, Whalley HC. Stratifying major depressive disorder by polygenic risk for schizophrenia in relation to structural brain measures. Psychol Med 2020; 50:1653-1662. [PMID: 31317844 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171900165x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substantial clinical heterogeneity of major depressive disorder (MDD) suggests it may group together individuals with diverse aetiologies. Identifying distinct subtypes should lead to more effective diagnosis and treatment, while providing more useful targets for further research. Genetic and clinical overlap between MDD and schizophrenia (SCZ) suggests an MDD subtype may share underlying mechanisms with SCZ. METHODS The present study investigated whether a neurobiologically distinct subtype of MDD could be identified by SCZ polygenic risk score (PRS). We explored interactive effects between SCZ PRS and MDD case/control status on a range of cortical, subcortical and white matter metrics among 2370 male and 2574 female UK Biobank participants. RESULTS There was a significant SCZ PRS by MDD interaction for rostral anterior cingulate cortex (RACC) thickness (β = 0.191, q = 0.043). This was driven by a positive association between SCZ PRS and RACC thickness among MDD cases (β = 0.098, p = 0.026), compared to a negative association among controls (β = -0.087, p = 0.002). MDD cases with low SCZ PRS showed thinner RACC, although the opposite difference for high-SCZ-PRS cases was not significant. There were nominal interactions for other brain metrics, but none remained significant after correcting for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSIONS Our significant results indicate that MDD case-control differences in RACC thickness vary as a function of SCZ PRS. Although this was not the case for most other brain measures assessed, our specific findings still provide some further evidence that MDD in the presence of high genetic risk for SCZ is subtly neurobiologically distinct from MDD in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew A Harris
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Xueyi Shen
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon R Cox
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jude Gibson
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark J Adams
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Toni-Kim Clarke
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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234
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Hoesli RC, Wingo ML, Richardson BE, Bastian RW. Identification of 11 Different HPV Subtypes in Adult Patients With Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020; 163:785-790. [PMID: 32571159 DOI: 10.1177/0194599820931817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define the human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes seen in a large adult population with traditionally defined recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective review. SETTING Tertiary care laryngology practice. SUBJECTS AND METHODS All patients had a firm diagnosis of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis defined by (1) visually obvious papillomas, (2) recurrence requiring multiple surgeries, and (3) pathology diagnosis of "papilloma." Each patient had also undergone HPV subtyping. Age, sex, presence of malignancy, and HPV subtypes were tabulated and correlated with long-term patient outcomes. RESULTS A total of 184 patients were identified who fulfilled the above criteria. In total, 87.0% (160) had a low risk subtype; 9.2% had an alternative subtype. These consisted of subtypes 16, 18, 31, 44, 45, 55, and 70. Four patients (2.2%) had combinations of subtypes, with 1 patient with HPV 11 and 16, 1 patient with HPV 11 and 76, 1 patient with 11 and 84, and 1 patient with 18 and 45. Finally, 3.8% of patients were HPV negative, despite fulfilling all 3 criteria listed above. CONCLUSION In the patient population above, almost 10% of patients had an HPV subtype other than 6 and 11. This suggests that traditionally defined recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) can be caused by HPV subtypes other than 6 and/or 11. In addition, the clinical course of persons with this definition of RRP appears to vary by subtype, and this information may offer the ability to nuance follow-up instructions, reducing in particular the burden placed upon patients who have RRP caused by subtypes 6 and 11.
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235
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Long Z, Zhou J, Xie K, Wu Z, Yin H, Daria V, Tian J, Zhang N, Li L, Zhao Y, Wang F, Wang M, Cui Y. Metabolomic Markers of Colorectal Tumor With Different Clinicopathological Features. Front Oncol 2020; 10:981. [PMID: 32626659 PMCID: PMC7311671 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the result of complex interactions between the tumor's molecular profile and metabolites produced by its microenvironment. Despite recent studies identifying CRC molecular subtypes, a metabolite classification system is still lacking. We aimed to explore the distinct phenotypes and subtypes of CRC at the metabolite level. Methods: We conducted an untargeted metabolomics analysis of 51 paired tumor tissues and adjacent mucosa using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Multivariate analysis including principal component analysis, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis and heat maps, univariate analysis, and pathway analysis were used to identify potential metabolite phenotypes of CRC. Unsupervised consensus clustering was used to identify robust metabolite subtypes, and evaluated their clinical relevance. Results: A total of 173 metabolites (including nucleotides, carbohydrates, free fatty acids, and choline) were identified between CRC tumor tissue and adjacent mucosa. We found that lipid metabolism was closely related to the occurrence and progression of CRC. In particular, CRC tissues could be divided into three subtypes, and statistically significant correlations between different subtypes and clinical prognosis were observed. Conclusions: CRC tumor tissue exhibits distinct metabolite phenotypes. Metabolite differences between subtypes may provide a basis and direction for further clinical individualized treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Long
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Junde Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kun Xie
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huihui Yin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Volontovich Daria
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingshen Tian
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liangliang Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yashuang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Maoqing Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yunfu Cui
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Boons G, Vandamme T, Ibrahim J, Roeyen G, Driessen A, Peeters D, Lawrence B, Print C, Peeters M, Van Camp G, Op de Beeck K. PDX1 DNA Methylation Distinguishes Two Subtypes of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms with a Different Prognosis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061461. [PMID: 32512761 PMCID: PMC7352978 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a crucial epigenetic mechanism for gene expression regulation and cell differentiation. Furthermore, it was found to play a major role in multiple pathological processes, including cancer. In pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs), epigenetic deregulation is also considered to be of significance, as the most frequently mutated genes have an important function in epigenetic regulation. However, the exact changes in DNA methylation between PNENs and the endocrine cells of the pancreas, their likely cell-of-origin, remain largely unknown. Recently, two subtypes of PNENs have been described which were linked to cell-of-origin and have a different prognosis. A difference in the expression of the transcription factor PDX1 was one of the key molecular differences. In this study, we performed an exploratory genome-wide DNA methylation analysis using Infinium Methylation EPIC arrays (Illumina) on 26 PNENs and pancreatic islets of five healthy donors. In addition, the methylation profile of the PDX1 region was used to perform subtyping in a global cohort of 83 PNEN, 2 healthy alpha cell and 3 healthy beta cell samples. In our exploratory analysis, we identified 26,759 differentially methylated CpGs and 79 differentially methylated regions. The gene set enrichment analysis highlighted several interesting pathways targeted by altered DNA methylation, including MAPK, platelet-related and immune system-related pathways. Using the PDX1 methylation in 83 PNEN, 2 healthy alpha cell and 3 healthy beta cell samples, two subtypes were identified, subtypes A and B, which were similar to alpha and beta cells, respectively. These subtypes had different clinicopathological characteristics, a different pattern of chromosomal alterations and a different prognosis, with subtype A having a significantly worse prognosis compared with subtype B (HR 0.22 [95% CI: 0.051–0.95], p = 0.043). Hence, this study demonstrates that several cancer-related pathways are differently methylated between PNENs and normal islet cells. In addition, we validated the use of the PDX1 methylation status for the subtyping of PNENs and its prognostic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitta Boons
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (G.B.); (T.V.); (J.I.); (M.P.); (G.V.C.)
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Timon Vandamme
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (G.B.); (T.V.); (J.I.); (M.P.); (G.V.C.)
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- NETwerk, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Joe Ibrahim
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (G.B.); (T.V.); (J.I.); (M.P.); (G.V.C.)
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Geert Roeyen
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Endocrine and Transplantation Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium;
| | - Ann Driessen
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital and University of Antwerp, 2650 Edegem, Belgium;
| | - Dieter Peeters
- Histopathology, Imaging and Quantification Unit, HistoGeneX, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium;
- Department of Pathology, AZ Sint-Maarten, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Ben Lawrence
- Discipline of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand;
- Maurice Wilkins Centre Hosted by the University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand;
| | - Cristin Print
- Maurice Wilkins Centre Hosted by the University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand;
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Marc Peeters
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (G.B.); (T.V.); (J.I.); (M.P.); (G.V.C.)
| | - Guy Van Camp
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (G.B.); (T.V.); (J.I.); (M.P.); (G.V.C.)
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Ken Op de Beeck
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (G.B.); (T.V.); (J.I.); (M.P.); (G.V.C.)
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-3275-97-91
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Peat G, Rathod-Mistry T, Paskins Z, Marshall M, Thomas MJ, Menz HB, Nicholls E, Myers H, Duncan R, van der Windt DA, Roddy E, Dziedzic KS. Relative prevalence and distribution of knee, hand and foot symptomatic osteoarthritis subtypes in an English population. Musculoskeletal Care 2020; 18:219-224. [PMID: 31995282 DOI: 10.1002/msc.1457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this brief report, we used data from a series of three related cohorts on pain and osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee, hand and foot, which were conducted in North Staffordshire, England. We used a common approach for sampling, data collection and coding, to estimate the relative prevalence of 10 different symptomatic radiographic OA subtypes in the knee, hand and foot and to compare their association with age, sex, socioeconomic position and body mass index. Overall, symptomatic hand OA was more common than knee or foot OA (22.4% vs 17.4% vs 16.5%), due mainly to the high prevalence of nodal interphalangeal joint OA among women. The first carpometacarpal joint OA was the most frequent subtype, with patellofemoral, tibiofemoral, (nodal) interphalangeal and midfoot OA also common. Of the risk factors examined, the greatest differences between subtypes appeared to be their associations with sex and obesity: sex differences were noticeably greater for all forms of hand OA except non-nodal interphalangeal joint OA, while obesity appeared most strongly associated with forms of knee OA. The prevalence of all subtypes was higher among older ages, and among those with lower educational attainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Peat
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Primary, Community, and Social Care, Keele University, UK
| | - Trishna Rathod-Mistry
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Primary, Community, and Social Care, Keele University, UK
- Keele Clinical Trials Unit, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Zoe Paskins
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Primary, Community, and Social Care, Keele University, UK
- Haywood Academic Rheumatology Centre, Midlands Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Haywood Hospital, Burslem, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Michelle Marshall
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Primary, Community, and Social Care, Keele University, UK
| | - Martin J Thomas
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Primary, Community, and Social Care, Keele University, UK
- Haywood Academic Rheumatology Centre, Midlands Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Haywood Hospital, Burslem, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Hylton B Menz
- Discipline of Podiatry and La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elaine Nicholls
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Primary, Community, and Social Care, Keele University, UK
- Keele Clinical Trials Unit, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Helen Myers
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Primary, Community, and Social Care, Keele University, UK
- Keele Clinical Trials Unit, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Rachel Duncan
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Danielle A van der Windt
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Primary, Community, and Social Care, Keele University, UK
| | - Ed Roddy
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Primary, Community, and Social Care, Keele University, UK
- Haywood Academic Rheumatology Centre, Midlands Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Haywood Hospital, Burslem, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Krysia S Dziedzic
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Primary, Community, and Social Care, Keele University, UK
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a common and potentially serious condition affecting 300 million people worldwide. For many years, we have relied on a one-size-fits-all approach to its management, using corticosteroids and bronchodilators for all symptomatic patients. However, with more recent advances, it has become clear that asthma is a heterogeneous condition with multiple different underlying pathways. Understanding the different subtypes will be a key to giving us the ability to intervene in a targeted way to personalize care for patients with asthma. SOURCES OF DATA Key published literature, guidelines and trials from clinicaltrials.gov. AREAS OF AGREEMENT The most widely studied of these subtypes is T2 high eosinophilic asthma, for which there are an increasing number of biologic therapies available. T2 high asthma is associated with the cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13, for each of which biologics have been developed. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY It is currently unclear which of the available biologics provides superior efficacy. It is also unclear how to select which biologic for which patient. GROWING POINTS Head-to-head trials of the available T2 biologics will be important to determine superiority, and a suggested order for trialling biologics. Going further than this, we would like to see further analyses of available biologics to allow us to predict responders from non-responders in advance of administering therapy. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH Non-eosinophilic T2 low asthma is an area that is under-researched and for which there are few treatments available. It is likely that there are different subtypes in this category of asthma and unravelling what these are will be crucial to developing effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Hynes
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and Oxford Respiratory NIHR BRC, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Ian D Pavord
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and Oxford Respiratory NIHR BRC, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
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Kohda T, Tsukamoto K, Torii Y, Kozaki S, Mukamoto M. Translocation domain of botulinum neurotoxin A subtype 2 potently induces entry into neuronal cells. Microbiol Immunol 2020; 64:502-511. [PMID: 32301520 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is the causative agent of botulism in humans and animals. Only BoNT serotype A subtype 1 (BoNT/A1) is used clinically because of its high potency and long duration of action. BoNT/A1 and BoNT/A subtype 2 (BoNT/A2) have a high degree of amino acid sequence similarity in the light chain (LC) (96%), whereas their N-and C-terminal heavy chain (HN and HC ) differ by 13%. The LC acts as a zinc-dependent endopeptidase, HN as the translocation domain, and HC as the receptor-binding domain. BoNT/A2 and BoNT/A1 had similar potency in the mouse bioassay, but BoNT/A2 entered faster and more efficiently into neuronal cells. To identify the domains responsible for these characteristics, HN of BoNT/A1 and BoNT/A2 was exchanged to construct chimeric BoNT/A121 and BoNT/A212. After expression in Escherichia coli, chimeric and wild-type BoNT/As were purified as single-chain proteins and activated by conversion to disulfide-linked dichains. The toxicities of recombinant wild-type and chimeric BoNT/As were similar, but dropped to 60% compared with the values of native BoNT/As. The relative orders of SNAP-25 cleavage activity in neuronal cells and toxicity differed. BoNT/A121 and recombinant BoNT/A2 have similar SNAP-25 cleavage activity. BoNT/A2 HN is possibly responsible for the higher potency of BoNT/A2 than BoNT/A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Kohda
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tsukamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasushi Torii
- Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shunji Kozaki
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Mukamoto
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
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240
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Green E, Toma S, Collins J, Fiksenbaum L, Timmins V, Omrin D, Goldstein BI. Similarities and Differences Across Bipolar Disorder Subtypes Among Adolescents. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2020; 30:215-221. [PMID: 32091919 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2019.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To compare demographic, clinical, and familial characteristics across bipolar disorder (BD) subtypes in adolescents. Methods: A total of 168 participants, 13 to 19 years of age, with BD-I (n = 41), BD-II (n = 68), or operationalized BD-not otherwise specified (NOS) (n = 59) were recruited from a tertiary subspecialty clinic at an academic health sciences center. Diagnoses were determined using the semistructured K-SADS-PL (Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version) interview. Omnibus analyses were followed up with post hoc pairwise comparisons. Results: After controlling for age, race, and living with both natural parents, BD-I was associated with greater functional impairment, increased rates of psychiatric hospitalization, psychosis, and lifetime exposure to second-generation antipsychotics and lithium, less self-injurious behavior, less anxiety disorders, and less severe worst lifetime depression and lower levels of emotional dysregulation and lability compared with both BD-II and BD-NOS. Lifetime most severe manic symptoms were highest in BD-I, lowest in BD-NOS, with BD-II intermediate. Lifetime exposure to psychosocial treatment followed the opposite pattern: lowest in BD-I, highest in BD-NOS, with BD-II intermediate. Variables for which there were no significant between-group differences included suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, comorbidities other than anxiety, or family history of BD. Conclusion: Among observed differences, most distinguish BD-I from other subtypes, whereas few variables differed between BD-II and BD-NOS. Different BD subtypes share important similarities in multiple clinical and familial characteristics, including family history of BD. Present findings support and extend knowledge regarding the course and outcome of bipolar youth study operationalized definition of BD-NOS. Further research is warranted to evaluate intermediate phenotypes and treatment strategies that address these subtype-related differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Green
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Simina Toma
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jordan Collins
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lisa Fiksenbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vanessa Timmins
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Danielle Omrin
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Benjamin I Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
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241
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Shahwan S, Lau JH, Abdin E, Zhang Y, Sambasivam R, Teh WL, Gupta B, Ong SH, Chong SA, Subramaniam M. A typology of nonsuicidal self-injury in a clinical sample: A latent class analysis. Clin Psychol Psychother 2020; 27:791-803. [PMID: 32314453 PMCID: PMC7754372 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nonsuicidal self‐injury(NSSI) is a behavioural concern and can present in diverse ways, varying by method, frequency, severity, function and so forth. The possible combinations of these features of NSSI produce an array of profiles that makes evaluation and management of this behaviour challenging. The aim of this study was to build upon previous work that reduces the heterogeneity of NSSI patterns by using latent class analysis (LCA) to identify a typology of NSSI. Participants consisted of 235 outpatients aged 14–35 years attending a tertiary psychiatric hospital in Singapore who had reported at least one NSSI behaviour within the last year. Eight indicators captured using the Functional Assessment of Self‐Mutilation were used in the LCA: frequency of NSSI, length of contemplation before engaging in NSSI, usage of more than three NSSI methods, suicidal ideation and four psychological functions of NSSI, that is, social‐positive, social‐negative, automatic‐positive and automatic‐negative. The LCA revealed three distinct groups: Class 1—Experimental/Mild NSSI, Class 2—Multiple functions NSSI/Low Suicide Ideation and Class 3—Multiplefunctions NSSI/Possible Suicide Ideation. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between class membership and sociodemographic variables as well as measures of emotion dysregulation, childhood trauma, depression and quality of life. Females were overrepresented in Class 3. In general, Class 3 had the poorest scores followed by Class 2. Our analyses suggest that different NSSI subtypes require different treatment indications. Profiling patterns of NSSI may be a potentially useful step in guiding treatment plans and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jue Hua Lau
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | | | - Yunjue Zhang
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | | | - Wen Lin Teh
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Bhanu Gupta
- Department of Mood and Anxiety, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Say How Ong
- Department of Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Siow Ann Chong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
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242
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Zhang L, Li Z, Zhang J, Wu Y, Zhu Y, Tong Z. De novo metastatic breast cancer: Subgroup analysis of molecular subtypes and prognosis. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:2884-2894. [PMID: 32218843 PMCID: PMC7068499 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of de novo metastatic breast cancer (DnMBC). Information regarding 1,890 patients treated for advanced breast cancer at the Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital between January 2008 to December 2017 was collected. Clinicopathological characteristics, treatments and outcomes of these patients were compared using the chi-square test, log-rank test, and Cox regression analysis. A total of 171 patients were diagnosed with DnMBC. The median age at diagnosis was 53 years (range, 23–77). The percentage of T4 staging was higher (37.4%), 69.6% of patients were estrogen receptor (ER) positive, 59.1% were progesterone receptor positive, 29.8% had positive human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status, 68.4% had Ki-67 ≥20%, 55% had oligometastasis at the initial diagnosis, ~87.7% were treated with chemotherapy initially and 24% received palliative surgery for the primary tumor. After a median follow-up time of 26 months, the median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) among patients with DnMBC were 11 (8.7–13.3) months and 34 (27.9–40.1) months, respectively. In the multivariable model, ER status and sites of first metastasis (oligometastasis or polymetastasis) were identified to be independent predictors of PFS (P<0.05); ER status, primary tumor stage, and surgical treatment of primary tumors were identified to be independent predictors of OS (P<0.05). In conclusion, the clinicopathological characteristics of DnMBC are greater invasiveness and a higher risk of progression. Palliative surgical treatment may improve the prognosis of HR+/HER2-patients with oligometastasis. Therefore, individualized treatment as required is particularly important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Yansheng Wu
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Yuying Zhu
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Zhongsheng Tong
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
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243
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Yin Y, Liu Y, Zhu J, Hong X, Yuan R, Fu G, Zhou Y, Wang B. The prevalence, temporal trends, and geographical distribution of HIV-1 subtypes among men who have sex with men in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemiol Infect 2019; 147:e83. [PMID: 30869019 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268818003400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this meta-analysis was to provide a comprehensive overview of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 subtypes and to investigate temporal and geographical trends of the HIV-1 epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. Chinese and English articles published between January 2007 and December 2017 were systematically searched. Pooled HIV-1 prevalence was calculated, and its stability was analysed using sensitivity analysis. Subgroups were based on study time period, sampling area and prevalence. Publication bias was measured using Funnel plot and Egger's test. A total of 68 independent studies that included HIV-1 molecular investigations were eligible for meta-analysis. Circulating recombinant form (CRF) 01_AE (57.36%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 53.76–60.92) was confirmed as the most prevalent HIV-1 subtype among MSM in China. Subgroup analysis for time period found that CRF01_AE steadily increased prior to 2012 but decreased during 2012–2016. Further whereas CRF07_BC increased over time, B/B′ decreased over time. CRF55_01B has increased in recent years, with higher pooled estimated rate in Guangdong (12.22%, 95% CI 10.34–13.17) and Fujian (8.65%, 95% CI 4.98–13.17) provinces. The distribution of HIV-1 subtypes among MSM in China has changed across different regions and periods. HIV-1 strains in MSM are becoming more complex. Long-term molecular monitoring in this population remains necessary for HIV-1 epidemic control and prevention.
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244
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Cameron DH, Rowa K, McKinnon MC, Rector NA, McCabe RE. Neuropsychological performance across symptom dimensions of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a comment on the state and critical review of the literature. Expert Rev Neurother 2020; 20:425-438. [PMID: 32200686 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2020.1746644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a heterogeneous disorder, with multiple symptom presentations. Delineating the neuropsychological characteristics associated with previously identified symptom clusters may therefore be useful in assisting to better define symptom subtypes of OCD.Areas covered: This review summarizes the existing literature on the assessment of neuropsychological performance in symptom-based dimensions of OCD. Results of 23 studies are described and the methodological issues and challenges present in this body of literature are discussed.Expert opinion: The current state of the literature precludes a meaningful meta-analysis of cognitive dysfunction across the breadth of symptom dimensions of OCD. This is due primarily to significant methodological differences observed between studies, both in terms of neuropsychological measures and symptom subtyping methods employed, and any resulting meta-analytic results would be biased by varying quality of evidence. Future studies addressing these limitations should include more consistent neuropsychology measures and methods of classifying OCD symptoms with the aim of reproducing the results of previous research to identify more concrete patterns of neuropsychological performance across dimensions; best practices and alternative approaches are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan H Cameron
- Anxiety Treatment and Research Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Karen Rowa
- Anxiety Treatment and Research Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Margaret C McKinnon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Neil A Rector
- Frederick W. Thompson Anxiety Disorders Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Randi E McCabe
- Anxiety Treatment and Research Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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245
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Bluschke A, Schreiter ML, Friedrich J, Adelhöfer N, Roessner V, Beste C. Neurofeedback trains a superordinate system relevant for seemingly opposing behavioral control deficits depending on ADHD subtype. Dev Sci 2020; 23:e12956. [PMID: 32107844 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
ADHD is one of the most prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders of childhood, but symptoms vary considerably between individuals. Therefore, different ADHD subtypes can be distinguished. Yet, it is widely elusive whether the specific subtype is critical to consider when examining treatment effects. Based on theoretical considerations, this could be the case for EEG theta/beta neurofeedback. We examine the effects of such an intervention on rapid response execution and inhibition processes using a Go/Nogo task in the inattentive (ADD) and the combined (ADHD-C) subtype. We show that a single neurofeedback protocol affects opposing deficits depending on the ADHD subtype - namely the execution (in ADD) and inhibition of action (in ADHD-C). No changes occurred in the healthy controls. These findings are discussed in relation to overarching principles of neural oscillations, particularly in the beta frequency band. The data suggest that theta/beta neurofeedback trains a superordinate system strongly related to the function of neural beta frequency oscillations to tune neural networks important for the sampling of sensory information used for behavioral control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annet Bluschke
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marie L Schreiter
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Friedrich
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nico Adelhöfer
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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246
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Zhao Y, Sun F, Li L, Chen T, Cao S, Ding G, Cong F, Liu J, Qin L, Liu S, Xiao Y. Evolution and Pathogenicity of the H1 and H3 Subtypes of Swine Influenza Virus in Mice between 2016 and 2019 in China. Viruses 2020; 12:v12030298. [PMID: 32182849 PMCID: PMC7150921 DOI: 10.3390/v12030298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigs are considered a “mixing vessel” that can produce new influenza strains through genetic reassortments, which pose a threat to public health and cause economic losses worldwide. The timely surveillance of the epidemiology of the swine influenza virus is of importance for prophylactic action. In this study, 15 H1N1, one H1N2, and four H3N2 strains were isolated from a total of 4080 nasal swabs which were collected from 20 pig farms in three provinces in China between 2016 and 2019. All the isolates were clustered into four genotypes. A new genotype represented by the H1N2 strain was found, whose fragments came from the triple reassortant H1N2 lineage, classical swine influenza virus (cs-H1N1) lineage, and 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus lineage. A/Sw/HB/HG394/2018(H1N1), which was clustered into the cs-H1N1 lineage, showed a close relationship with the 1918 pandemic virus. Mutations determining the host range specificity were found in the hemagglutinin of all isolates, which indicated that all the isolates had the potential for interspecies transmission. To examine pathogenicity, eight isolates were inoculated into 6-week-old female BALB/c mice. The isolates replicated differently, producing different viral loadings in the mice; A/Swine/HB/HG394/2018(H1N1) replicated the most efficiently. This suggested that the cs-H1N1 reappeared, and more attention should be given to the new pandemic to pigs. These results indicated that new reassortments between the different strains occurred, which may increase potential risks to human health. Continuing surveillance is imperative to monitor swine influenza A virus evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhong Zhao
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (L.L.); (S.C.); (G.D.); (F.C.); (J.L.); (S.L.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Fachao Sun
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (L.L.); (S.C.); (G.D.); (F.C.); (J.L.); (S.L.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (L.L.); (S.C.); (G.D.); (F.C.); (J.L.); (S.L.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266100, China; (T.C.); (L.Q.)
| | - Shengliang Cao
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (L.L.); (S.C.); (G.D.); (F.C.); (J.L.); (S.L.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Guofei Ding
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (L.L.); (S.C.); (G.D.); (F.C.); (J.L.); (S.L.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Fangyuan Cong
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (L.L.); (S.C.); (G.D.); (F.C.); (J.L.); (S.L.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (L.L.); (S.C.); (G.D.); (F.C.); (J.L.); (S.L.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Liting Qin
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266100, China; (T.C.); (L.Q.)
| | - Sidang Liu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (L.L.); (S.C.); (G.D.); (F.C.); (J.L.); (S.L.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Yihong Xiao
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (L.L.); (S.C.); (G.D.); (F.C.); (J.L.); (S.L.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- Correspondence:
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247
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Zhao L, Lee VHF, Ng MK, Yan H, Bijlsma MF. Molecular subtyping of cancer: current status and moving toward clinical applications. Brief Bioinform 2020; 20:572-584. [PMID: 29659698 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bby026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a collection of genetic diseases, with large phenotypic differences and genetic heterogeneity between different types of cancers and even within the same cancer type. Recent advances in genome-wide profiling provide an opportunity to investigate global molecular changes during the development and progression of cancer. Meanwhile, numerous statistical and machine learning algorithms have been designed for the processing and interpretation of high-throughput molecular data. Molecular subtyping studies have allowed the allocation of cancer into homogeneous groups that are considered to harbor similar molecular and clinical characteristics. Furthermore, this has helped researchers to identify both actionable targets for drug design as well as biomarkers for response prediction. In this review, we introduce five frequently applied techniques for generating molecular data, which are microarray, RNA sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, NanoString and tissue microarray. Commonly used molecular data for cancer subtyping and clinical applications are discussed. Next, we summarize a workflow for molecular subtyping of cancer, including data preprocessing, cluster analysis, supervised classification and subtype characterizations. Finally, we identify and describe four major challenges in the molecular subtyping of cancer that may preclude clinical implementation. We suggest that standardized methods should be established to help identify intrinsic subgroup signatures and build robust classifiers that pave the way toward stratified treatment of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhao
- Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Victor H F Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Michael K Ng
- Centre for Mathematical Imaging and Vision and Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Hong Yan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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248
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Amer KM, Munn M, Congiusta D, Abraham JA, Basu Mallick A. Survival and Prognosis of Chondrosarcoma Subtypes: SEER Database Analysis. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:311-319. [PMID: 31498474 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chondrosarcomas are rare tumors and, historically, investigation of these tumors has been limited to small series and single-institution studies. There have been no studies that evaluated the identification or comparison of differences in prognostic factors between the five known non-conventional chondrosarcoma subtypes (myxoid, juxtacortical, clear-cell, mesenchymal, and dedifferentiated). The purpose of this paper was to determine the demographic, clinical, incidence, and tumor characteristics of all five known non-conventional chondrosarcoma subtypes, determine the 1-, 5-year, and median survival differences between these subtypes, and to determine the demographic and clinical variables that are significant prognostic indicators for each chondrosarcoma subtypes. We retrospectively reviewed the SEER database for all patients with non-conventional chondrosarcoma. χ2 testing was used for correlations between clinical variables. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard analysis were used to compare survival of the subtypes, and to assess the prognostic value of age group, race, sex, grade, anatomic location, and metastatic involvement. Several demographic characteristics including gender, race, age, and grade varied between chondrosarcoma subtypes. The tumor characteristics showed marked differences in presence of metastasis on presentation between the subtypes with increasing order of rate of metastasis with juxtacortical (2.1%), clear cell (5.7%), myxoid (7.6%), mesenchymal (10.6%), and the highest in dedifferentiated (19.8%). One-, 5-year, and median survival differed significantly between chondrosarcomas subtypes. The highest median survival was found in the juxtacortical subtype (97 months), followed by clear cell (79 months), myxoid (60 months), mesenchymal (33.5 months), and lowest in dedifferentiated (11 months). The only prognostic variable that was shown to significantly impact the survival of each non-conventional chondrosarcoma subtype was a metastatic disease at diagnosis (p = 0.03 to p < 0.001). Subtyping classification of chondrosarcoma should be made whenever possible, given differences in survival and prognostic factors between chondrosarcoma subtypes. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:311-319, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil M Amer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 40 Bergen St., Newark, New Jersey, 07103
| | - Murty Munn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dominick Congiusta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 40 Bergen St., Newark, New Jersey, 07103
| | - John A Abraham
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Atrayee Basu Mallick
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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249
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Zhang Y, Xu XJ, Lian TY, Huang LF, Zeng JM, Liang DM, Yin MJ, Huang JX, Xiu LC, Yu ZW, Li YL, Mao C, Ni JD. Development of frailty subtypes and their associated risk factors among the community-dwelling elderly population. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:1128-1140. [PMID: 31951595 PMCID: PMC7053645 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In order to explore frailty subtypes and find their associated risk factors, we conducted cross-sectional surveys of 5,341 seniors aged 60 and over in China using the Frailty Index (FI) scale. We identified four frailty subtypes, namely multi-frail, cognitive and functionally frail, psychologically frail and physiologically frail. Old age and low education level were the common risk factors among the four subtypes. Being widowed, divorced or unmarried was a risk factor for multi-frail, cognitive and functionally frail and psychologically frail, and male sex was a protective factor against cognitive and functionally frail and psychologically frail subtypes. Having a harmonious relationship with family was a protective factor against multi-frail, and fewer visits to the elderly by their children was a risk factor for psychologically frail. Dissatisfaction with their housing was a risk factor for cognitive and functionally frail, psychologically frail and physiologically frail, and a pension being the main source of income was a risk factor for cognitive and functionally frail and psychologically frail. Exercising every day was a protective factor against multi-frail and cognitive and functionally frail, and a lower level of physical activity was a risk factor for all four frailty subtypes. Our findings confirm the heterogeneity of frailty and suggest that different frail elderly individuals need more targeted care interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Ting-Yu Lian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Ling-Feng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jin-Mei Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Dong-Mei Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Ming-Juan Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jing-Xiao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Liang-Chang Xiu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Zu-Wei Yu
- Public Health Office, Dalang Town Community Health Service Center, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yu-Lian Li
- Department of Nursing, Dalang Town Community Health Service Center, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Chen Mao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jin-Dong Ni
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
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250
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Song S, Zhang Y, Shu H, Su M, McBride C. Universal and Specific Predictors of Chinese Children With Dyslexia - Exploring the Cognitive Deficits and Subtypes. Front Psychol 2020; 10:2904. [PMID: 31969853 PMCID: PMC6960230 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While previous studies have shown that the impact of phonological awareness (PA) and rapid automatized naming (RAN) on dyslexia depends on orthographic complexity in alphabetic languages, it remains unclear whether this relationship generalizes to the more complex orthography of Chinese. We investigated the predictive power of PA, RAN, and morphological awareness (MA) in dyslexia diagnosis status in a sample of 241 typically developing and 223 dyslexic Chinese-speaking children. Compared with the control group, children with dyslexia performed notably worse on character reading and all three cognitive measures. A logistic regression analysis showed that PA and RAN were both significant predictors, while MA also played a relatively important role for predicting dyslexia status in Chinese children. In the next step, we used multigroup analyses to test if these three cognitive predictors were of the same importance in predicting reading variance in different reading proficiency groups. And the results showed that the regression coefficient of MP is stronger for the control group than the dyslexia group, while the regression coefficient of PD tends to be stronger for the dyslexic group. Further cluster analysis identified four subtypes of dyslexia in this sample: a global deficit group, a phonological deficit group, a RAN deficit group, and a mild morphological deficit group. Our findings are largely consistent with previous studies of predictors of dyslexia, while uniquely demonstrating the differences in predictive power of these three cognitive variables on reading, as well as the unique contribution of MA in Chinese reading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,College of Teacher Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Sichuan Research Center of Applied Psychology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Elementary Education College, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Catherine McBride
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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