201
|
Decker SL, Lipton BJ. Do Medicaid benefit expansions have teeth? The effect of Medicaid adult dental coverage on the use of dental services and oral health. J Health Econ 2015; 44:212-225. [PMID: 26519908 PMCID: PMC6758545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This article examines the effect of Medicaid adult dental coverage on use of dental care and dental health outcomes using state-level variation in dental coverage during 2000-2012. Our findings imply that dental coverage is associated with an increase in the likelihood of a recent dental visit, with the size of the effect increasing with Medicaid payment rates to dentists, and a reduction in the likelihood of untreated dental caries. We are among the first to detect an effect of Medicaid coverage on a clinical health outcome other than mortality. These findings may have implications for states expanding Medicaid coverage to adults with incomes of up to 138% of the federal poverty threshold under the Affordable Care Act as most of these states offer an adult dental benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L Decker
- National Center for Health Statistics, 3311 Toledo Road, Hyattsville, MD 20782, United States
| | - Brandy J Lipton
- National Center for Health Statistics, 3311 Toledo Road, Hyattsville, MD 20782, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
202
|
Pham K, Barker JC, Lazar AA, Walsh M. Oral Health Care of Vietnamese Adolescents: A Qualitative Study of Perceptions and Practices. J Dent Hyg 2015; 89:397-404. [PMID: 26684998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the oral health perceptions and practices of Vietnamese adolescents 13 to 17 years old in San Jose, Calif. METHODS A purposeful sample of 10 Vietnamese parents with adolescent children were recruited at a Temple in San Jose, Calif. After gaining parental consent and adolescent assent, Vietnamese adolescents participated in an audio-taped, 20 to 30 minute, individual, semi-structured interview in English to explore their perceptions about oral health. Interview data were transcribed verbatim. All statements related to each question were identified, and similar statements were grouped into categories. RESULTS Ten adolescents participated in the study. All reported tooth appearance as the most important reason for oral care, and that oral health, diet and general health were related. All were concerned about dental pain. Of the respondents, 9 believed that having good teeth would give them more confidence, and help them find jobs and romantic partners, while 2 did not follow recommended oral hygiene routines or recognize early signs of disease. Seven participants favored U.S. dentists over Vietnamese dentists. Frequently reported barriers to seeking dental care were fear of dental treatment (n=7) and inability to pay for dental care (n=6). CONCLUSION When educating Vietnamese adolescents, dental hygienists need to highlight availability of pain control, encourage better performance of personal oral hygiene and recommend dental clinics with sliding fee scales to low-income families. This approach to oral health education may enhance dental health and seeking of regular dental visits.
Collapse
|
203
|
Jennings A. Assessing Oral Hygiene in Hospitalized Older Veterans. Medsurg Nurs 2015; 24:420-424. [PMID: 26863706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Poor oral health for all older adults can result in higher risk for heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and oral cancer. Findings from this study indicated older veterans needed to improve their oral hygiene habits but barriers to oral hygiene performance prevented them from receiving and performing oral hygiene measures.
Collapse
|
204
|
Fonad E, Robins Wahlin TB, Rydholm Hedman AM. Associations between falls and general health, nutrition, dental health and medication use in Swedish home-dwelling people aged 75 years and over. Health Soc Care Community 2015; 23:594-604. [PMID: 25676026 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The vast majority of elderly people in Sweden live in private homes in their communities for as long as possible. Poor health and a high risk of falls are very common among this group. This cross-sectional study investigates the association between falls and general health, appetite, dental health, and the use of multiple medications among home-dwelling men and women aged ≥ 75 years. Data were collected between October 2008 and March 2009 using a postal questionnaire. A total of 1243 people participated in the questionnaire survey (74% response rate), of which 1193 were included in the analysis. The majority of participants were women (n = 738, 62%). Falls in the previous 12-month period were reported by 434 (36%) participants. Most fallers (n = 276, 64%) were women. The majority of the fallers lived in a flat (n = 250, 58%). Poor health (aOR: 1.61; CI: 1.34-1.95), poor dental health (aOR: 1.22; CI: 1.07-1.39) and the use of four or more types of medication daily (aOR: 1.13; CI: 1.03-1.25) were significantly associated with falls in all participants. Poor dental health was found irrespectively of living in a flat (aOR: 1.23; CI: 1.04-1.46) or living in a house (aOR: 1.28; CI: 1.02-1.61), and both were significantly associated with falls. The use of more than four different types of medication daily (aOR: 1.25; CI: 1.11-1.41) was associated with falls for those living in a flat. The results highlight that falls are associated with poor general health, poor dental health and the use of four or more types of medication daily. Health professionals should provide health promotion education and investigate dental health and risk factors for oral disease. Likewise, medical and clinical practices of physicians and community care nurses should include assessing the risk of falling, and treatment that predisposes falls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edit Fonad
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tarja-Brita Robins Wahlin
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Discipline of Psychiatry, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
205
|
Shiue I. Urinary heavy metals, phthalates, phenols, thiocyanate, parabens, pesticides, polyaromatic hydrocarbons but not arsenic or polyfluorinated compounds are associated with adult oral health: USA NHANES, 2011-2012. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:15636-15645. [PMID: 26018285 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Links between environmental chemicals and human health have emerged over the last few decades, but the effects on oral health have been less studied. Therefore, it was aimed to study the relationships of different sets of urinary chemical concentrations and adult oral health conditions in a national and population-based setting. Data was retrieved from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2011-2012 including demographics, self-reported oral health conditions and urinary environmental chemical concentrations (one third representative sample of the study population). Chi-square test, t test, and survey-weighted logistic and multi-nominal regression modeling were performed. Of 4566 American adults aged 30-80, 541 adults (11.9 %) reported poor teeth health while 1020 adults (22.4 %) reported fair teeth. Eight hundred fifty-five people (19.1 %) claimed to have gum disease, presented with higher levels of urinary cadmium, cobalt and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Six hundred three adults (13.3 %) had bone loss around the mouth, presented with higher levels of cadmium, nitrate, thiocyanate, propyl paraben and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Eight hundred forty-five adults (18.5 %) had tooth loose not due to injury, presented with higher level of cadmium, thiocyanate and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Eight hundred forty-five adults (18.5 %) with higher levels of lead, uranium, polyaromatic hydrocarbons but lower level of triclosan noticed their teeth did not look right. Three hundred fifty-one adults (7.7 %) often had aching in the mouth and 650 (14.3 %) had it occasionally, presented with higher levels of phthalates, pesticides and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Benzophenone-3 and triclosan elicited protective effects. Regulation of environmental chemicals in prevention of adult oral health might need to be considered in future health and environmental policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Shiue
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Benton, NE7 7XA, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK.
- Owens Institute for Behavioral Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
206
|
Anopa Y, McMahon AD, Conway DI, Ball GE, McIntosh E, Macpherson LMD. Improving Child Oral Health: Cost Analysis of a National Nursery Toothbrushing Programme. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136211. [PMID: 26305577 PMCID: PMC4549338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is one of the most common diseases of childhood. The aim of this study was to compare the cost of providing the Scotland-wide nursery toothbrushing programme with associated National Health Service (NHS) cost savings from improvements in the dental health of five-year-old children: through avoided dental extractions, fillings and potential treatments for decay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Anopa
- Dental School, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Alex D. McMahon
- Dental School, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - David I. Conway
- Dental School, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Emma McIntosh
- Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Lorna M. D. Macpherson
- Dental School, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
207
|
Freire-Maia FB, Auad SM, de Abreu MHNG, Sardenberg F, Martins MT, Paiva SM, Pordeus IA, Vale MP. Oral Health-Related Quality of Life and Traumatic Dental Injuries in Young Permanent Incisors in Brazilian Schoolchildren: A Multilevel Approach. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135369. [PMID: 26287386 PMCID: PMC4545601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic dental injury (TDI) during childhood may negatively impact the quality of life of children. OBJECTIVE To describe the association of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and domains (oral symptons, functional limitation, emotional- and social-well-being) of children with individual and contextual variables. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed using a representative sample of 1,201 schoolchildren, 8-10 years-old, from public and private schools of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The CPQ8-10 was used to assess OHRQoL, dichotomized in low and high impact. Sociodemographic information was collected through questionnaires to parents. Children were examined at schools, using the Andreasen criteria. Individual variables were gender, age, number of residents in home, parents/caregivers' level of education, family income, and TDI (dichotomized into without trauma/mild trauma and severe trauma). Dental caries and malocclusion were considered co-variables. Contextual variables were the Social Vulnerability Index and type of school. Ethical approval and consent forms were obtained. Data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows 19.0 and HLM 6.06, including frequency distribution, chi-squared test and multilevel approach (p < 0.05). RESULTS The prevalence of a negative impact on OHRQoL in children with severe trauma was 55.9%. The TDI negatively impacted emotional and social domains of OHRQoL. A multilevel analysis revealed a significant difference in OHRQoL according to the type of school and showed that 16% of the total variance was due to contextual characteristics (p < 0.001; ICC = 0.16). The negative impact on OHRQoL was higher in girls (p = 0.009), younger children (p = 0.023), with severe TDI (p = 0.014), those from public schools (p = 0.017) and whose parents had a lower education level (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Severe trauma impacts OHRQoL on emotional and social domains. Contextual dimensions add information to individual variability to explain higher impact, emphasizing socioeconomic inequalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Bartolomeo Freire-Maia
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Sheyla Márcia Auad
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Sardenberg
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Milene Torres Martins
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Saul Martins Paiva
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Isabela Almeida Pordeus
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Míriam Pimenta Vale
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
208
|
Elyasi M, Abreu LG, Badri P, Saltaji H, Flores-Mir C, Amin M. Impact of Sense of Coherence on Oral Health Behaviors: A Systematic Review. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133918. [PMID: 26275064 PMCID: PMC4537196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this review was to critically analyze the empirical evidence on the association between Sense of Coherence (SOC) and oral health behaviors through a systematic approach. Methods A systematic search up to April 2015 was carried out using the following electronic bibliographic databases: PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE; ISI Web of Science; and Ovid PsychInfo. Studies were included if they evaluated the relationship between SOC and oral health behaviors including tooth cleaning, fluoride usage, dietary habits, dental attendance, and smoking. We excluded studies that only assessed the relationship between oral health status and SOC without evaluating oral health behaviors. The New Castle Ottawa (NOS) quality assessment checklist was employed to evaluate the methodological quality of included studies. Results Thirty-nine potential papers met the preliminary selection criteria and following a full-text review, 9 papers were finally selected for this systematic review. Results provided by the included studies indicated different levels of association between SOC and oral health behaviors. The most frequent behaviors investigated were tooth brushing and dental attendance pattern. The impact of SOC on performing positive oral health behaviors, to some extent, was related to demographic and socio-economic factors. In addition, mothers’ SOC influenced children’s oral health practices. Conclusions A more favorable oral health behavior was observed among those with a stronger SOC suggesting that the SOC can be a determinant of oral health-related behaviors including tooth brushing frequency, daily smoking, and dental attendance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Elyasi
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Lucas Guimarães Abreu
- Pediatric Graduate Program, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Visiting Researcher, School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Parvaneh Badri
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Humam Saltaji
- Orthodontic Graduate Program, School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Carlos Flores-Mir
- Orthodontic Graduate Program, School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Maryam Amin
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
209
|
Freire MDCM, Jordão LMR, Malta DC, Andrade SSCDA, Peres MA. Socioeconomic inequalities and changes in oral health behaviors among Brazilian adolescents from 2009 to 2012. Rev Saude Publica 2015; 49:50. [PMID: 26270015 PMCID: PMC4544689 DOI: 10.1590/s0034-8910.2015049005562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze oral health behaviors changes over time in Brazilian adolescents concerning maternal educational inequalities. METHODS Data from the Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (Brazilian National School Health Survey) were analyzed. The sample was composed of 60,973 and 61,145 students from 26 Brazilian state capitals and the Federal District in 2009 and 2012, respectively. The analyzed factors were oral health behaviors (toothbrushing frequency, sweets consumption, soft drink consumption, and cigarette experimentation) and sociodemographics (age, sex, race, type of school and maternal schooling). Oral health behaviors and sociodemographic factors in the two years were compared (Rao-Scott test) and relative and absolute measures of socioeconomic inequalities in health were estimated (slope index of inequality and relative concentration index), using maternal education as a socioeconomic indicator, expressed in number of years of study (> 11; 9-11; ≤ 8). RESULTS Results from 2012, when compared with those from 2009, for all maternal education categories, showed that the proportion of people with low toothbrushing frequency increased, and that consumption of sweets and soft drinks and cigarette experimentation decreased. In private schools, positive slope index of inequality and relative concentration index indicated higher soft drink consumption in 2012 and higher cigarette experimentation in both years among students who reported greater maternal schooling, with no significant change in inequalities. In public schools, negative slope index of inequality and relative concentration index indicated higher soft drink consumption among students who reported lower maternal schooling in both years, with no significant change overtime. The positive relative concentration index indicated inequality in 2009 for cigarette experimentation, with a higher prevalence among students who reported greater maternal schooling. There were no inequalities for toothbrushing frequency or sweets consumption. CONCLUSIONS There were changes in the prevalences of oral health behaviors during the analyzed period; however, these changes were not related to maternal education inequalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria do Carmo Matias Freire
- Departamento de Ciências Estomatológicas. Faculdade de Odontologia. Universidade Federal de Goiás. Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - Lidia Moraes Ribeiro Jordão
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Odontologia. Faculdade de Odontologia. Universidade Federal de Goiás. Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - Deborah Carvalho Malta
- Departamento de Vigilância de Doenças e Agravos Não Transmissíveis e Promoção da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Ministério da Saúde. Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Silvânia Suely Caribé de Araújo Andrade
- Departamento de Vigilância de Doenças e Agravos Não Transmissíveis e Promoção da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Ministério da Saúde. Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Marco Aurelio Peres
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health. School of Dentistry. University of Adelaide. Adelaide, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
210
|
Fluoridation helps older adults keep their teeth, study finds. J Am Dent Assoc 2015; 146:571. [PMID: 26448975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
|
211
|
Education of caregivers can improve oral health for children, study shows. J Am Dent Assoc 2015; 146:570. [PMID: 26448973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
|
212
|
Wiener RC. Dental Fear and Delayed Dental Care in Appalachia-West Virginia. J Dent Hyg 2015; 89:274-281. [PMID: 26304952 PMCID: PMC4564007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The people of Appalachia-West Virginia are culturally unique and are known to have oral health disparities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate dental fear in relation to delayed dental care as a factor influencing oral health behaviors within this culture. METHODS A cross sectional study design was used. Participants were urgent care patients in a university dental clinic. The sample included 140 adults over age 18 years. The Dental Fear Survey was used to determine dental fear level. Self-report of delayed dental care was provided by the participants. The Dental Fear Survey was dichotomized at score 33, with higher scores indicating dental fear. RESULTS The prevalence of dental fear was 47.1% (n=66). There was a significant association of dental fear and dental delay. The unadjusted odds ratio was 2.87 (95% CI: 1.17, 7.04; p=0.021). The adjusted odds ratio was 3.83 (95%CI: 1.14, 12.82; p=0.030), controlling for tobacco use, perceived oral health status, pain, and last dental visit. A difference in dental delay between men and women was not present in this sample. The only significant variable in delayed dental care was dental fear. CONCLUSION In Appalachia-West Virginia, there remains a high level of dental fear, despite advances in dental care, techniques, and procedures.
Collapse
|
213
|
Mota-Veloso I, Soares MEC, Alencar BM, Marques LS, Ramos-Jorge ML, Ramos-Jorge J. Impact of untreated dental caries and its clinical consequences on the oral health-related quality of life of schoolchildren aged 8-10 years. Qual Life Res 2015; 25:193-9. [PMID: 26135023 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-015-1059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the impact of untreated dental caries and its clinical consequences on the quality of life of Brazilian schoolchildren aged 8-10 years. METHODS A randomly selected sample of 587 children underwent a clinical oral examination for the assessment of untreated dental caries and clinical consequences. The WHO criteria (decayed component of the decayed, missing, and filled teeth--D-DMFT in permanent teeth or d-dfmt in primary teeth) and the PUFA index, which records the presence of severely decayed permanent (upper case) and primary (lower case) teeth with visible pulpal involvement (P/p), as well as ulceration caused by dislocated tooth fragments (U/u), fistula (F/f), and abscesses (A/a), were used for the oral examination. Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) was evaluated using the Child's Perception Questionnaire (CPQ8-10). Poisson regression was employed to test unadjusted and adjusted associations between untreated dental caries/clinical consequences and OHRQoL. RESULTS The prevalence of untreated dental caries was 64.6% (D/d component of DMFT/dmft > 0) and 17.9% of children exhibited clinical consequences of caries (PUFA/pufa index >0). In the adjusted models, untreated caries was significantly associated with the total CPQ8-10 score and all subscale scores. The clinical consequences of dental caries (PUFA/pufa index >0) were significantly associated with the total CPQ8-10 as well as the oral symptoms and functional limitations' subscales. CONCLUSION Untreated dental caries and its clinical consequences exerted a negative impact on the OHRQoL of the schoolchildren analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Mota-Veloso
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rua Arraial dos Forros, 215, Diamantina, MG, 39.100-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Eliza C Soares
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rua Arraial dos Forros, 215, Diamantina, MG, 39.100-000, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Mota Alencar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rua Arraial dos Forros, 215, Diamantina, MG, 39.100-000, Brazil
| | - Leandro Silva Marques
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rua Arraial dos Forros, 215, Diamantina, MG, 39.100-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Letícia Ramos-Jorge
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rua Arraial dos Forros, 215, Diamantina, MG, 39.100-000, Brazil
| | - Joana Ramos-Jorge
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rua Arraial dos Forros, 215, Diamantina, MG, 39.100-000, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
214
|
Bissong M, Azodo CC, Agbor MA, Nkuo-Akenji T, Fon PN. Oral health status of diabetes mellitus patients in Southwest Cameroon. Odontostomatol Trop 2015; 38:49-57. [PMID: 26934773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus affects virtually all tissues and organs the body including the hard and soft issues of the oral cavity, manifesting with several complications. OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of oral diseases in diabetics and non-diabetics and to correlate oral diseases with glycaemic control. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was an observational study involving 149 diabetic patients recruited from hospitals in Southwest Region of Cameroon and 102 non-diabetic controls drawn from the general population. The study participants were aged 18 years and above. Data were collected using questionnaires, oral examination and laboratory tests. Oral examination was conducted to assess dental plaque, calculus, dental caries, periodontitis, gingivitis and candidiasis. Glycemic status was assessed by measuring glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels using standardized methods. RESULTS Thirty five out of 149 (23.5%) diabetic patients had gingivitis; 37 (24.8%) had periodontitis; 29 (19.5%) had dental caries and 32 (21.5%) had oral candidiasis. Gingivitis, periodontitis and oral candidiasis was significantly higher in diabetics than non-diabetics (P < 0.001). Also, more diabetic patients presented with poor oral hygiene than non-diabetics. Poorly controlled diabetics presented more with gingivitis and candidiasis than well-controlled diabetics and this relationship was statistically significant. CONCLUSION The prevalence of oral disease was significantly higher in diabetics than in non-diabetic controls and hyperglycaemia seemed to be a major contributor to oral health in diabetic patients in the study area. Proper management of blood sugar levels might improve on the oral health of diabetes mellitus patients.
Collapse
|
215
|
Kurushima Y, Ikebe K, Matsuda KI, Enoki K, Ogata S, Yamashita M, Murakami S, Maeda Y. Examination of the Relationship between Oral Health and Arterial Sclerosis without Genetic Confounding through the Study of Older Japanese Twins. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127642. [PMID: 26009883 PMCID: PMC4444248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although researchers have recently demonstrated a relationship between oral health and arterial sclerosis, the genetic contribution to this relationship has been ignored even though genetic factors are expected to have some effect on various diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate oral health as a significant risk factor related to arterial sclerosis after eliminating genetic confounding through study of older Japanese twins. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Medical and dental surveys were conducted individually for 106 Japanese twin pairs over the age of 50 years. Maximal carotid intima-media thickness (IMT-Cmax) was measured as a surrogate marker of arterial sclerosis. IMT-Cmax > 1.0 mm was diagnosed as arterial sclerosis. All of the twins were examined for the number of remaining teeth, masticatory performance, and periodontal status. We evaluated each measurement related with IMT-Cmax and arterial sclerosis using generalized estimating equations analysis adjusted for potential risk factors. For non-smoking monozygotic twins, a regression analysis using a "between within" model was conducted to evaluate the relationship between IMT-Cmax and the number of teeth as the environmental factor controlling genetic and familial confounding. RESULTS We examined 91 monozygotic and 15 dizygotic twin pairs (males: 42, females: 64) with a mean (± standard deviation) age of 67.4 ± 10.0 years. Out of all of the oral health-related measurements collected, only the number of teeth was significantly related to arterial sclerosis (odds ratio: 0.72, 95% confidence interval: 0.52-0.99 per five teeth). Regression analysis showed a significant association between the IMT-Cmax and the number of teeth as an environmental factor (p = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS Analysis of monozygotic twins older than 50 years of age showed that having fewer teeth could be a significant environmental factor related to arterial sclerosis, even after controlling for genetic and familial confounding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kurushima
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology, and Oral Rehabilitation, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ikebe
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology, and Oral Rehabilitation, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Ken-ichi Matsuda
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology, and Oral Rehabilitation, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaori Enoki
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology, and Oral Rehabilitation, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Soshiro Ogata
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Center for Twin Research, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motozo Yamashita
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Murakami
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Maeda
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology, and Oral Rehabilitation, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
216
|
[How does periodontitis have an impact on RA]. Z Rheumatol 2015; 74:283. [PMID: 26158132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
|
217
|
Ricks TL, Phipps KR, Bruerd B. The Indian Health Service Early Childhood Caries Collaborative: A Five-year Summary. Pediatr Dent 2015; 37:275-80. [PMID: 26063556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess a national initiative's effect on prevalence of early childhood caries and untreated decay in zero- to five-year-old Indian/Alaska Native preschool children. METHODS The Indian Health Service (IHS) conducted a five-year Early Childhood Caries Collaborative from October 1, 2009 to September 30, 2014. The program used educational materials and routine communication with the 322 IHS and United States tribal dental programs, with an emphasis on early access to care, dental sealanth, fluoride varnish, and interim therapeutic restorations (ITRs). Prevalence and untreated decay data were obtained through the nationwide oral health survey (2010 and 2014). Data were also collected on access to care, sealants, fluoride, and ITRs. RESULTS The number of zero- to five-year-olds with a dental visit increased seven percent: dental sealants placed increased 65 percent; and fluoride varnish applications increased 161.2 percent. Between 2010 and 2014, the percentage of one- to two-year-olds with decay experience and untreated decay declined, but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Early childhood caries prevention strategies, such as early access to dental care, sealants, fluoride varnish, and interim therapeutic restorations, demonstrated some initial improvement in the oral health status of zero- to five-year-old Indian/Alaska Native children.
Collapse
|
218
|
Dougall A, Molina GF, Eschevins C, Faulks D. A Global Oral Health Survey of professional opinion using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. J Dent 2015; 43:683-94. [PMID: 25868878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The concept of oral health is frequently reduced to the absence of disease, despite existing conceptual models exploring the wider determinants of oral health and quality of life. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) (WHO) is designed to qualify functional, social and environmental aspects of health. This survey aimed to reach a consensual description of adult oral health, derived from the ICF using international professional opinion. METHODS The Global Oral Health Survey involved a two-round, online survey concerning factors related to oral health including functioning, participation and social environment. Four hundred eighty-six oral health professionals from 74 countries registered online. Professionals were pooled into 18 groups of six WHO world regions and three professional groups. In a randomised stratification process, eight professionals from each pool (n=144) completed the survey. The first round consisted of eight open-ended questions. Open expression replies were analysed for meaningful concepts and linked using established rules to the ICF. In Round 2, items were rated for their relevance to oral health (88% response rate). RESULTS Eighty-nine ICF items and 30 other factors were considered relevant by at least 80% of participants. International professionals reached consensus on a holistic description of oral health, which could be qualified and quantified using the ICF. CONCLUSIONS These results represent the first step towards developing an ICF Core Set in Oral Health, which would provide a practical tool for reporting outcome measures in clinical practice, for research and epidemiology, and for the improvement of interdisciplinary communication regarding oral health. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Professional consensus reached in this survey is the foundation stone for developing an ICF Core Set in Oral Health, allowing the holistic aspects of oral health to be qualified and quantified. This tool is necessary to widen our approach to clinical decision making, measurement of clinical outcomes, research and epidemiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Dougall
- Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Gustavo F Molina
- Escuela de Odontología, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Caroline Eschevins
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA4847, Centre de Recherche on Odontologie Clinique, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Denise Faulks
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA4847, Centre de Recherche on Odontologie Clinique, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service d'Odontologie, CH Estaing, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| |
Collapse
|
219
|
Singh H, Maharaj RG, Naidu R. Oral health among the elderly in 7 Latin American and Caribbean cities, 1999-2000: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15:46. [PMID: 25888257 PMCID: PMC4404071 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-015-0030-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To describe the prevalence of missing teeth, use of bridges and dentures and unmet dental needs among those aged 60 years and above. The associations of these conditions with socio-demographics, type 2 diabetes mellitus and depression were also studied. The work was carried out in 7 Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) cities in 1999-2000. METHODS A secondary analysis was conducted on the Survey of Health and Well-Being of Elders (SABE) dataset. The 7 cities were Buenos Aires, Bridgetown, São Paulo, Santiago, Havana, Mexico City and Montevideo. This survey did not employ any oral examinations. Descriptive statistics, chi-square and regression analysis were used to test for associations. RESULTS Data for 10 902 persons were analyzed. Females made up 62% of the population. Across the SABE population, between 93.7% (Mexico City) to 99.9% (Santiago) reported missing teeth, with an average of 97.5%. Of those with missing teeth, between 55.1% (Mexico City) and 82.4% (São Paulo) reported having bridges or dentures, with an average of 70.1% across all SABE cities. The proportion of the SABE population with 'unmet dental needs' ranged from 85.8% (Santiago) to 98.4% (Havana), with an average of 94.5%. Bridgetown, São Paulo and Mexico City demonstrated a statistically significant association between aging and tooth loss. Generally a greater proportion of females (97.6%) reported tooth loss compared with males (96.8%), but in only São Paulo and Montevideo was there a statistically significant association between sex and tooth loss. Generally those with higher education reported less tooth loss, primary education (97.6% had tooth loss), secondary (96.8%) and tertiary (94.7%). All the SABE cities except Buenos Aires demonstrated a statistically significant association between tooth loss and education. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of missing teeth, use of bridges and dentures and unmet dental needs were high in the SABE cities in 1999-2000. In general across the SABE cities, the elderly with the most missing teeth were less educated or less likely to be a professional. They tended to be not working and were receiving a pension. Additionally they were less likely to report their health as 'excellent', were diabetic and were more likely to give responses suggestive of depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hema Singh
- The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
| | - Rohan G Maharaj
- Unit of Public Health and Primary Care, The Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago.
| | - Rahul Naidu
- Community Dentistry, The Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
| |
Collapse
|
220
|
Lehrer S, Green S, Rosenzweig KE. Lack of Correlation between Benign Brain Tumors and Markers of Oral Health. N Y State Dent J 2015; 81:41-43. [PMID: 26094363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Case control studies implicating dental X-rays in the genesis of intracranial meningiomas have yielded conflicting results. To further evaluate what risk, if any, that intracranial meningioma might be associated with dental X-rays, we examined the association of benign brain tumor incidence with the number of dentists and other correlates of oral health in U.S. states and the District of Columbia. We compared these correlations to the association of the same markers of oral health with Alzheimer's death rates. Poor oral health, especially periodontal disease, is a well-established risk factor for dementia. RESULTS Pearson correlations, number of cases (49, no data from Kansas or Maryland) and significance (2 tailed p values) of benign brain tumor incidence and parameters of oral health are presented. None of the correlations approached statistical significance. In contrast, Alzheimer's deaths by state were negatively correlated with number of dentists and other markers of oral health. CONCLUSION Our finding of a total lack of correlation between benign brain tumors and markers of oral health and, by implication, dental X-rays, suggests there may be no relationship between dental X-rays and meningioma or other benign brain tumors. This conclusion is strengthened by our demonstration of the known negative correlation between Alzheimer's and dental care.
Collapse
|
221
|
Lawal FB, Taiwo JO, Oke GA. Factors influencing awareness and attendance of traditional oral health care practices by residents of a peri-urban community in Ibadan, Nigeria. Afr Health Sci 2015; 15:233-9. [PMID: 25834553 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v15i1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to institute preventive programmes against harmful traditional oral health practices there is a need to identify targets. OBJECTIVES To investigate factors influencing awareness and attendance of traditional oral health practices by residents of a peri-urban community in Ibadan, Nigeria. METHODS A cross-sectional study of adult residents selected by simple random sampling in a peri-urban community in Ibadan, Nigeria, was conducted over a period of six months. Information was obtained with interviewer administered questionnaires. Data were recorded using SPSS version 16 software. RESULTS A total of 172 (44.1%) respondents were aware of the existence of traditional healers for dental problems. Only 34 (8.7%) participants had been to traditional healers on account of toothache. About 76.5% reported having relief after treatment with relapse occurring in 12 cases (46.2%). Twenty (58.8%) of these (34) participants said they would not choose this option of treating dental problems in future. Significant associations existed between knowing that traditional healers provided dental treatment and gender (p = 0.001) or history of dental problems (p =0.008). CONCLUSION The study showed moderate awareness of traditional oral care practices in Ibadan, Nigeria as influenced by gender and previous dental problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Folake Barakat Lawal
- University of Ibadan, Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry; University College Hospital, Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry
| | - Juliana Obontu Taiwo
- University of Ibadan, Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry; University College Hospital, Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry
| | - Gbemi Aderemi Oke
- University of Ibadan, Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry; University College Hospital, Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry
| |
Collapse
|
222
|
Hänsel Petersson G, Ericson E, Twetman S. Preventive care delivered within Public Dental Service after caries risk assessment of young adults. Int J Dent Hyg 2015; 14:215-9. [PMID: 25727487 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study preventive care provided to young adults in relation to their estimated risk category over a 3-year period. METHODS The amount and type of preventive treatment during 3 years was extracted from the digital dental records of 982 patients attending eight public dental clinics. The baseline caries risk assessment was carried out by the patient's regular team in four classes according to a predetermined model, and the team was responsible for all treatment decisions. Based on the variables 'oral health information', 'additional fluoride' and 'professional tooth cleaning', a cumulative score was constructed and dichotomized to 'basic prevention' and 'additional prevention'. RESULTS More additional preventive care was provided to the patients in the 'low-risk' and 'some risk' categories than to those classified as 'high' or 'very high' risk (OR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.4-3.0; P < 0.05). Professional tooth cleaning and additional fluorides were most frequently employed in the 'low-risk' and 'some risk' categories, respectively. Around 15% of the patients in the high-risk categories did not receive additional preventive measures over the 3-year period. There was an insignificant tendency that patients with additional prevention developed less caries than those that received basic prevention in all risk categories except for the 'very high-risk' group. CONCLUSION The caries risk assessment process was not accompanied by a corresponding targeted individual preventive care in a cohort of young adults attending public dental service. Further research is needed how to reach those with the greatest need of primary and secondary prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Hänsel Petersson
- Department of Cariology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - E Ericson
- Public Dental Service, Region Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
| | - S Twetman
- Department of Cariology, Endodontics, Pediatric Dentistry and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Maxillofacial Unit, Halland Hospital, Halmstad, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
223
|
Rwakatema DS, Ananduni KN, Katiti VW, Msuya M, Chugulu J, Kapanda G. Oral health in nursing students at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre teaching hospital in Moshi, Tanzania. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15:23. [PMID: 25881237 PMCID: PMC4367970 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-015-0008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of dental caries, oral hygiene levels and assessment of the oral health knowledge and practices of nursing students at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre teaching hospital in Moshi, Tanzania. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was done on 217 student nurse population at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre Teaching Hospital in Moshi, Tanzania in 2014. Ethical approval was obtained from the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College Ethical Committee. A questionnaire probing on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge and practices on selected oral health issues was administered to the students. Students were also examined for oral hygiene and dental caries using Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) and WHO 1997 recommended method respectively. RESULTS There were 214 (98.6%) respondents aged between 18 and 53 years (mean age was 27.2 SD ± 7.35 years). About 72% of the respondents were in the young age group (below 31 years), 63.1% were pursuing Diploma in Nursing while the rest were pursuing Bachelor of Science in Nursing. Although oral health knowledge of the respondents was generally poor, more students pursuing Bachelor of Science in Nursing had significant adequate oral health knowledge than those who were pursuing Diploma in Nursing (p = 0.05). Population Oral Hygiene Index- Simplified was 0.41 meaning good oral hygiene in the current population. Overall, caries prevalence was 40.2%. The mean population DMFT was 1.34 (SD ± 2.44). The decay component was 0.53 (SD ± 1.29), whereas the missing component was 0.67 (SD ± 1.34) and filled component was 0.14 (SD ± 0.69). Significantly more students in the older age group had more missing and filled teeth than their counterparts in the young age group (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION Majority of the students in this population had good oral hygiene and a very low DMFT. There was poor basic oral health knowledge and poor recall visit to dental personnel. Curriculum development in these school programmes should strengthen or encompass comprehensive oral health education components. This will empower nursing professional with basic oral health knowledge and promotive oral health behaviors and hence to disseminate to the clients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Victor William Katiti
- Faculty of Nursing, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College of Makumira University, Arusha, Tanzania.
| | - Marycelina Msuya
- Faculty of Nursing, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College of Makumira University, Arusha, Tanzania.
| | - Juliet Chugulu
- Faculty of allied Health Sciences, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College of Makumira University, Arusha, Tanzania.
| | - Gibson Kapanda
- Faculty of Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College of Makumira University, Arusha, Tanzania.
| |
Collapse
|
224
|
Pavleova G, Vesela S, Stanko P. Prevalence of dental caries in dentistry students. BRATISL MED J 2015; 116:93-5. [PMID: 25665473 DOI: 10.4149/bll_2015_017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The study evaluates dental caries prevalence in dentistry students. They represent a sample of individuals with good dental status, socio-economical level and access to dental care. The values of teeth number with decay and filling and values of surfaces of teeth with decay and filling indices in group with lower caries incidence give the information as to what could be achieved by systemic care and prevention of dental caries in whole population (Tab. 4. Ref. 25).
Collapse
|
225
|
Stein L, Pettersen KS, Bergdahl M, Bergdahl J. Development and validation of an instrument to assess oral health literacy in Norwegian adult dental patients. Acta Odontol Scand 2015; 73:530-8. [PMID: 25652174 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2015.1007477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and validate an interview instrument to assess oral health literacy in Norwegian adult dental patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The instrument, Adult Health Literacy Instrument for Dentistry (AHLID), was based on an OECD instrument used to assess general literacy in adults. One hundred and thirty Norwegian adults (mean age = 48 years; 57% women) participated. AHLID included a selection of oral health-related printed texts that ranged from 1-5 with respect to difficulty. A questionnaire regarding socio-demographic variables and knowledge of risk factors for oral disease was used. DMFT, stimulated salivary flow rate and streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus in saliva was also examined. RESULTS The Cronbach's alpha values of AHLID were 0.98 for internal consistency reliability (p < 0.01) and 0.81 for test-re-test reliability (p < 0.05). AHLID score 3 was most frequent while very few fulfilled the criteria for score 1 and 5. Linear multiple regression analysis showed that lactobacillus in saliva and knowledge of risk factors for periodontitis and caries were predictor variables of AHLID score. CONCLUSIONS AHLID appears to be reliable and valid to assess oral health literacy in Norwegian adults and suggests a method for country-specific health literacy instruments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Stein
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway , Tromsø , Norway
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
226
|
Kanupuru KK, Fareed N, Sudhir KM. Relationship Between Oral Health Literacy and Oral Health Status Among College Students. Oral Health Prev Dent 2015; 13:323-30. [PMID: 25610917 DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.a33444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the relationship between oral health literacy and oral health by adapting a valid oral health literacy instrument. MATERIALS AND METHODS A random sample of 715 students from 9 institutes was included in the study. Oral health literacy (OHL) was assessed by making the students pronounce a list of 40 words from REALD-99. Oral health status (OHL) was assessed using a modified WHO (1997) proforma. A stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the impact of independent factors on oral health literacy. RESULTS The response rate was 97.9%; 15 students refused to participate, leaving 700 participants in the final sample. The mean age of the participants was 20.35±1.66 years. A statistically significant difference was observed in OHL according to the clinical parameters. Caries prevalence was higher among subjects with low OHL with a mean DMFT score of 2.69±1.53, compared with high-OHL students having a mean DMFT of 0.22±0.4. Similarly, oral hygiene status was poor among subjects with low OHL (1.53±0.6). Community periodontal index (CPI) scores were lower (1.06±0.8) in subjects with high OHL than in those with low literacy (CPI: 1.6±0.6). CONCLUSION The present study revealed a negative correlation between oral health literacy and clinical parameters measured, that is, higher oral health literacy was associated with better oral health.
Collapse
|
227
|
Konopka T, Dembowska E, Pietruska M, Dymalski P, Górska R. Periodontal status and selected parameters of oral condition of Poles aged 65 to 74 years. Przegl Epidemiol 2015; 69:537-647. [PMID: 26519852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The goal of this study was the evaluation of the periodontal health by means of CPI score in inhabitants of big and small cities in the age range from 65 to 74 and making comparison with previous Polish and European studies from XXI century. Also an average number of natural teeth, the edentulous persons percentage, the percentage of people with oral function maintenance and prevalence of oral mucosal diseases were evaluated. There were also attempts to evaluate essential behaviours related to the oral health and the percentage of people that are treated with use of non-reimbursed or reimbursed services. MATERIAL AND METHODS Studies were conducted in 5 big cities: Warszawa, Szczecin, Wrocław, Białystok and Toruń, as well as in 4 towns, such as Oława, Police, Łobez and Ełk. From sampling 7400 people aged from 65 to 74 years for the study reported only 807 people. In the mouth evaluated CPI score, number of natural teeth and prevalence of pathological lesions on cavity mucosa. Answers for questions on selected attitudes and health-seeking behaviours related to the oral health and the range of dental treatment were also analysed. RESULTS Distribution of values of CPI codes in the whole group was as follows: CPI0-1.2%, CPI1-9.4%, CPI2-16.6%, CPI3-21.8%, CPI4-19.7% and the number of people excluded from examinations (1 tooth in the sextant or edentulous 31.3%). The state of the periodontium was worse in big cities and in men. An average number of teeth was 13.7 and was higher in big cities and in men. The percentage of edentulous persons was 28.9% and was higher in towns and in woman. The percentage of people with oral function maintenance was 25.15% and was higher in big cities and in men. The most three common pathologies of the oral cavity were leukoplakia and leukokeratosis that were found in 10.5% of examined people, candidiasis 5.82% and lichen planus 2.2%. CONCLUSION The state of the periodontium of Poles at the age from 65 to 74 has not been improved in XXI century, but also does not significantly differ from an average European level. An average number of remaining teeth of Poles at this age has increased, but remains under a European average; also the prevalence of edentulism has decreased, but still remains one of the highest in Europe. The percentage of people with oral function maintenance is very low, thus needs for prosthetic treatment and rehabilitation of masticatory ability remain high. Precancerous lesions in the oral cavity are quite common in this age group. Health-seeking behaviours related to the oral health of older Poles are inadequate and result from a low level of knowledge on dental prophylaxis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Konopka
- Department of Periodontology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Dembowska
- Department of Periodontology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Pietruska
- Department of Periodontal and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Renata Górska
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
228
|
Saltnes SS, Storhaug K, Borge CR, Enmarker I, Willumsen T. Oral health-related quality-of-life and mental health in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Acta Odontol Scand 2015; 73:14-20. [PMID: 25373517 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2014.935952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between oral health, oral health-related quality-of-life (OHRQoL) and mental health-related quality-of-life (QoL) in persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with respect to demographic, social and clinical oral health variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred participants were included in a cross-sectional study at a hospital in Norway. Data were collected via the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14), the SF-36v2 Health Survey Mental Component (MCS), other self-reported factors, an interview and a clinical examination. Multiple regression analyses were performed. The Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics approved the study. RESULTS. Higher education (p < 0.01), being a smoker (p < 0.05) and experience of oral health problems (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with oral health-related quality-of-life (OHRQoL). Furthermore, those with feelings of dry mouth (p < 0.05) and impaired OHRQoL (p < 0.001) experienced more mental health problems. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that oral health and personal factors are related to mental health-related QoL and OHRQoL in individuals with COPD. This finding shows the need to focus on oral care.
Collapse
|
229
|
Thyvalikakath TP, Padman R, Vyawahare K, Darade P, Paranjape R. Utilizing Dental Electronic Health Records Data to Predict Risk for Periodontal Disease. Stud Health Technol Inform 2015; 216:1081. [PMID: 26262380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a major cause for tooth loss and adversely affects individuals' oral health and quality of life. Research shows its potential association with systemic diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and social habits such as smoking. This study explores mining potential risk factors from dental electronic health records to predict and display patients' contextualized risk for periodontal disease. We retrieved relevant risk factors from structured and unstructured data on 2,370 patients who underwent comprehensive oral examinations at the Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA. Predicting overall risk and displaying relationships between risk factors and their influence on the patient's oral and general health can be a powerful educational and disease management tool for patients and clinicians at the point of care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rema Padman
- The H. John Heinz III College, Carnegie Mellon University, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Rhucha Paranjape
- The H. John Heinz III College, Carnegie Mellon University, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
230
|
Thapa P, Aryal KK, Dhimal M, Mehata S, Pokhrel AU, Pandit A, Pandey AR, Bista B, Dhakal P, Karki KB, Pradhan S. Oral Health Condition of School Children in Nawalparasi District, Nepal. J Nepal Health Res Counc 2015; 13:7-13. [PMID: 26411706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral diseases and feeding habits are inextricably linked. Significance of assessing oral health conditions among the school children therefore exists. The current study investigated the oral health condition among 5-6 years and 12-13 years children in Nawalparasi district, Nepal. METHODS Recruiting 1,000 school children aged (5-6) and (12-13) years in Nawalparasi district, a cross-sectional study was carried out from November to December, 2014. Data assembled from standard instrument was entered in Epi-Data 3.1, cleaned in SPSS version 16.0, and analyzed in Epi Info 3.5.4. RESULTS Of 12-13 years children, three out of ten (32.0%, 95% CI: 27.8-36.4) suffered from occasional dental discomfort and pain, and 8.1% (95% CI: 5.9-11.0) often experienced dental discomfort and pain during the last 12 months. It was 73.6% (95% CI: 69.3-77.4) who brushed teeth at least once a day, while another 20.7% (95% CI: 17.2-24.7) brushed twice a day. Among all children, 86.1% (95% CI: 82.6-89.1) used toothpaste to brush the teeth. A three-fourth (73.8%, 95% CI: 69.5-77.7) drank tea with sugar daily. Dental caries was visible on 42.2% (95% CI: 37.7-46.8) (mean DMFT score 2.3 ± 1.5). Likewise, a quarter (24.1%, 95% CI: 20.3-28.3) had gingival bleeding, 10.9% (95% CI: 8.3-14.1) questionable enamel fluorosis, 4.5% (95% CI: 2.9-6.9) dental trauma, and 1.7% (95% CI: 0.8-3.5) oral mucosal lesion. Referral for preventive/routine treatment was observed in 40.5% (95% CI: 36.145.1). Among 5-6 years old children, a remarkable proportion of dental caries (64.4%, 95% CI: 59.2-69.4 and mean DMFT score 4.4 ± 3.0) was noted. Statistics of enamel fluorosis, dental trauma, and oral mucosal lesions in this age group were: 3.1% (95% CI: 1.6-5.6), 1.7% (95% CI: 0.7-3.8), and 1.1% (95% CI: 0.4-3.0) respectively. About 40.1% (95% CI: 35.0-45.4) were referred for preventive treatment, and the rest for prompt treatment. CONCLUSIONS Oral health of the children was poor, chiefly dental carries remained widespread. Dental hygiene awareness should be promoted in schools in active coordination and collaboration with education authorities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Thapa
- Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - K K Aryal
- Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - M Dhimal
- Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S Mehata
- Nepal Health Sector Support Programme, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu,Nepal
| | - A U Pokhrel
- Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Morang, Nepal
| | - A Pandit
- Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - A R Pandey
- Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - B Bista
- Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - P Dhakal
- Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - K B Karki
- Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S Pradhan
- National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| |
Collapse
|
231
|
Grinshpoon A, Zusman SP, Weizman A, Ponizovsky AM. Dental Health and the Type of Antipsychotic Treatment in Inpatients with Schizophrenia. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci 2015; 52:114-118. [PMID: 26431415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study examined the association between dental conditions in hospitalized patients with ICD-10 schizophrenia and type of antipsychotic treatment. Based on the literature suggesting that atypical antipsychotics are thought to be more tolerable than typical antipsychotics, we hypothesized that hospitalized patients with schizophrenia treated with atypicals would have better dental health than those treated with typicals alone or with a combination of both (combined group). METHODS A representative sample of 348 patients (69% males), aged 51.4 (SD=14.5, range 31-58) years, was assessed on the standardized criteria of the Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index and component scores. Data on medication were extracted from patients' electronic medical records. RESULTS Patients treated with typicals had significantly higher DMFT index scores than those who received atypicals (23.5±9.9 vs. 19.0±10.5; p < 0.05), and higher Missing (20.2±11.6 vs. 13.5±11.2; p < 0.01) and lower Filled (1.0±2.4 vs. 2.1±3.9; p < 0.05) teeth component scores. No between-group differences in Decayed component scores were found (2.3±3.4 and 3.4±5.0, respectively; p > 0.05). The combined treatment group was situated in between the typicals and atypicals groups on all measures. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that patients with schizophrenia maintained on atypicals have better dental health than patients treated with typicals or with a combination of both. From an oral health perspective, monotherapy with atypicals is superior to both typical and atypical/typical treatments. Although the choice between typical and atypical antipsychotic agents is based mainly on clinical psychiatric efficacy, the benefit of atypicals with regard to dental health should be taken into consideration in clinician's decision making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Grinshpoon
- Sha'ar Menashe Mental Health Center, Hadera, Israel, and Bruce Rappoport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shlomo P Zusman
- Division of Dental Health, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Abraham Weizman
- Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tikva, Israel, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | |
Collapse
|
232
|
Cooper-Kazaz R, Levy DH, Zini A, Sgan-Cohen HD. Severity of Psychiatric Disorders and Dental Health Among Psychiatric Outpatients in Jerusalem, Israel. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci 2015; 52:119-120. [PMID: 26431416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The association between severity of psychiatric disorder and dental disease has not been adequately studied. The aim of the present study was to examine the level of dental caries morbidity and the association with Severe Mental Illness (SMI) and mild/moderate psychiatric disorders. The population sample included patients aged 30 to 50, treated at the Hadassah psychiatric outpatient clinic, after giving written informed consent. Exclusion criteria included eating disorders which are recognized as being associated with several dental pathologies. The term SMI, frequently used in the literature (1), refers to psychiatric patients suffering from a significant mental disorder and implies a greater burden of illness and dysfunction. The SMI group in this study included patients suffering from schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, resistant depression and chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The mild/ moderate illness group consisted of all other psychiatric disorders on Axis I or II according to DSM IV-TR (2).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rena Cooper-Kazaz
- Talbiah Psychiatric Clinic, Clalit Heath Services, The Hebrew University, Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dan H Levy
- Department of Community Dentistry, The Hebrew University-Hadassah, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avraham Zini
- Department of Community Dentistry, The Hebrew University-Hadassah, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Harold D Sgan-Cohen
- Department of Community Dentistry, The Hebrew University-Hadassah, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
233
|
Lawal FB, Taiwo JO, Arowojolu MO. Comparison of two oral health-related quality of life measures among adult dental patients. Oral Health Prev Dent 2015; 13:65-74. [PMID: 25431803 DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.a33089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The most commonly used oral health related quality of life measures, Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) and Oral Impact on Daily Performances (OIDP), are affected by cultural and linguistic factors, which may be intensified in a treatment-need driven society. This study therefore aimed to compare the psychometric properties of the OHIP-14 and OIDP measures in adult patients in Nigeria where patients typically visit the dentist when dental problems arise. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study in which 264 patients attending two dental clinics were recruited. Data were collected with OHIP-14 and OIDP structured interviewer-administered questionnaires, global self-report and perceived need for dental treatment questions and by oral examination. Data collected were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 19 and the level of statistical significance was set at a p-value of 0.05. RESULTS The majority (61.0%) rated their oral health status poorly and 203 (76.9%) perceived a need for treatment. The average OHIP and OIDP scores were 12.0 (range 0 to 56) and 8.9 (range 0 to 40), respectively. Both instruments showed a high index of validity and reliability; both had similar face and content validity, however, OIDP had better criterion validity while OHIP-14 had better construct validity and internal consistency. CONCLUSIONS Both OHIP-14 and OIDP are precise, valid and reliable for evaluation of OHRQOL where dental care is treatment-need driven. They are able to discriminate between groups according to their perception of oral health status, but with OIDP detecting fewer impacts on daily activities.
Collapse
|
234
|
Asawa K, Bhanushali NV, Tak M, Kumar DRV, Rahim MFBA, Alshahran OA, Divakar DD. Utilization of services and referrals through dental outreach programs in rural areas of India. A two year study. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig 2015; 66:275-280. [PMID: 26400125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral health care services are often sparse and inconsistent in India therefore it is often difficult for poor people to get access to the oral health care services. The approach by dental institutions with the help of community outreach programs is a step ahead in overcoming this situation. OBJECTIVES The study was conducted to evaluate the number of patients, disease pattern and the services provided in the outreach programmes and also effectiveness of patient referral. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted and the data were obtained from records of outreach programs conducted, in last 2 years by Pacific Dental College and Hospital. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics for the computation of percentages Chi-square test was applied to know the association of effectiveness of referral with age and gender. Confidence level and level of significance was fixed at 95% and 5% respectively. RESULTS A total of 22982 individuals in the age group of 4-80 years attended the outreach program. Dental caries (42.3%), periodontal diseases (63.2-69.0%) and dental fluorosis (33.7-35.0%) were commonly observed diseases. Effectiveness of referral was significantly high among the middle age adults and females (P<0.05). The effectiveness of referral was highly improved in 2013 after establishment of certain guidelines and strategies. CONCLUSION The approaches by dental institutions with the help of community outreach programs can spread awareness and disseminate treatment and thereby enhancing access to care and eliminating access to care within the rural communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Asawa
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Debari, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Nikhil V Bhanushali
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, TPCT's Terna Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mridula Tak
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Debari, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Dola Rama Venkata Kumar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Debari, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Obaid Abdullah Alshahran
- Dental Health Department, King Saud University, Alfarabi Colleges, Riyadh. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Darshan Devang Divakar
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
235
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) is an example of a specific questionnaire used for assessing the quality of life in relation to oral health. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to validate the Polish version of the original English Short-Form OHIP-14 questionnaire. MATERIAL AND METHODS The Polish version of the OHIP-14 instrument had been prepared in accordance with generally accepted standards. The main study was conducted among a group of 150 subjects of both genders, aged from 35 to 91 who were randomly selected. Statistical analysis was made by STATISTICA software using the Cronbach alpha reliability test, Mann-Whitney U test, multiple comparison post-hoc test - LSD and Spearman`s correlation coefficient. RESULTS The total OHIP-14 score was 8.72 ± 13.39, out of which the highest value was for item 4 (uncomfortable to eat 0.89 ± 1.19). The value of the alpha Cronbach coefficient was above 0.9 for all 14 items of the OHIP-14 instrument indicating excellent internal consistency. Positive relationships between all items of the matrix of the inter-items correlation coefficients were found. The value of coefficients ranged from 0.56 to 0.90 at a significance level of p < 0.01. Construct validity was supported by the fact that oral health condition was correlated with total OHIP score. It was observed that there is a correlation between the quality of life evaluated with the OHIP-14 test and dental condition, dental needs, wearing removable dentures and self-assessment of general health and oral health condition. CONCLUSIONS The obtained data indicated the reliability and validity of OHIP-14 instrument for the assessment of oral health-related quality of life for in Polish adult population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Urszula Kaczmarek
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Pedodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| | - Marek Ziętek
- Department of Periodontology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| | - Barbara Malicka
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Pedodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
236
|
Kumar DRV, Raju DS, Naidu L, Deshpande S, Chadha M, Agarwal A. Prosthetic status and prosthetic needs amongst geriatric fishermen population of Kutch coast, Gujarat, India. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig 2015; 66:167-171. [PMID: 26024406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Literature among fishermen of India is scanty. The external factors like diet, quality of dental hygiene and environmental factors have an effect on oral health. Moreover elderly age group offer very little importance towards their oral health. OBJECTIVE To assess the prosthetic status and prosthetic treatment needs among the geriatric fishermen population of Kutch coast, Gujarat, India. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among 1200 elderly people (above 60 years) of Kutch coast, Gujarat, India. They were interviewed and examined using a proforma designed with the help of WHO Oral Health Survey 1997. Chi square test was used for comparisons. Confidence level and p-value were set at 95% and 5% respectively. RESULTS Out of 1200 elderly people, 836 were males and 364 were females. Considering the prosthetic status, majority (76.7%) had no prosthesis followed by full removable dentures (12.3%). An insight into the prosthetic needs showed that majority (27.3%) had a need for multiunit prosthesis. CONCLUSION In this study, it was seen that overall prosthetic status was low and prosthetic need was high. Therefore new avenues have to be discovered to make the prosthetic treatment readily available to the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lakshmu Naidu
- Department of Prosthodontics, ANIDS, Vishakapatnam, India
| | - Sumit Deshpande
- Department of Prosthodontics, PDU Dental College, Solapur, India
| | - Manish Chadha
- Department of Prosthodontics, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Debari, Udaipur, India
| | - Abhinav Agarwal
- Department of Prosthodontics, KD Dental College and Hospital, Mathura, India
| |
Collapse
|
237
|
Bhayat A, Ahmad MS. Oral health status of 12-year-old male schoolchildren in Medina, Saudi Arabia. East Mediterr Health J 2014; 20:732-737. [PMID: 25601812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Studies from Saudi Arabia have reported that the prevalence of dental caries among children is relatively high compared with other developing countries The aim was to determine the oral hygiene status and significant caries (SiC) index of 12-year-old males in Medina . In a cross-sectional, analytical study 360 students participated from 4 boys' schools. Dental caries, plaque, gingivitis, fluorosis and malocclusion were recorded using standard methods and indices. The mean DMFT score was 1.53 (SD 1.88). Caries prevalence was low (57.2%) but the mean SiC index was relatively high [3.63 (SD 1.66)]. The prevalences of plaque and gingivitis were high (82.8% and 70.8% respectively). Lower molars had the highest rate of caries. No children presented with dental fluorosis and 82.5% had a class I jaw relationship. Oral hygiene awareness programmes at schools, together with brushing and flossing programmes, are recommended in order to maintain and improve the oral health of young children in Medina.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Bhayat
- Department of Dental Public Health, Taibah University, College of Dentistry, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - M S Ahmad
- Department of Dental Public Health, Taibah University, College of Dentistry, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
238
|
Feng Y, Guo Y, Tian L, Wei Z, Zhang L, Yang Y, Zhang G. Dental health and treatment needs in people with leprosy in China. LEPROSY REV 2014; 85:311-321. [PMID: 25675655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the dental health status and treatment needs of people affected by leprosy in China, and provide a basis for the development of national or regional dental health programmes to cover the treatment needs of this population. DESIGN A cross-sectional study with 613 former leprosy patients was carried out in six leprosy villages, in three provinces in China (Nanjing, Taixing and Jiangyan in Jiangsu Province, Hanzhong and Shangluo in Shanxi Province and Yongzhou in Hunan Province). A questionnaire about demographic and clinical data was used. The World Health Organization's (WHO) basic methods were used to determine the tooth-based treatment needs. Periodontal status was determined by using the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN). In addition, prosthetic normative needs were assessed. RESULTS Among the 613 people affected by leprosy, there were 472 people (77%) who had never visited a dentist and 172 people (28.1%) had never brushed their teeth; 302 (49.3%) brushed their teeth once a day. However, there were 267 people (43.6%) who thought their dental health was at an average level and 108 (17.6%) thought they had good dental health. 55.6% of the subjects required dental fillings, 32.7% required pulp care and restoration, and 71.1% required extraction. On CPITN, 23.2% of the subjects scored 2, 28.6% scored three and 48.0% scored four, showing that these people required systematic periodontal treatment. In addition, 84.5% of the subjects needed normative prosthetic treatment. CONCLUSIONS Most of the subjects with leprosy in this study lacked self-care knowledge on dental health, and especially self-awareness of dental conditions. Normative treatment needs of people affected by leprosy were very high. This result calls for improved oral health education and oral health care in people with leprosy. Oral health education might preferably be integrated into already existing leprosy rehabilitation programs.
Collapse
|
239
|
Ling GY, Love RM, MacFadyen EE, Thomson WM. Oral health of older people admitted to hospital for needs assessment. N Z Dent J 2014; 110:131-137. [PMID: 25597193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the clinical oral health status, treatment needs and oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of older people admitted to older persons' wards at Dunedin Public Hospital due to a sudden worsening of their general health. Participants and methods: A systematic oral assessment was undertaken for a consecutive case series of 200 patients (59.5% female; mean age 82.6 years, sd 6.6) admitted to older person's wards at Dunedin Public Hospital. The Oral Health Impact Profile-20 (OHIP-20) was used to assess OHRQoL. RESULTS One in three (36.0%) had been living independently at home prior to admission, and over half (55.0%) had been admitted for a medical reason which required assessment. Half (50.0%) of the participants were dentate (with an average of 16.8 teeth). There was an average of 1.9 decayed teeth present in the dentate group; 70.7% of individuals required restorations or extractions, and about 90% required only simple scaling of the teeth and prophylaxis. A reline or a replacement denture were required by three-quarters of those with dentures. Almost two-thirds of participants did not have a regular dentist, and fewer than one in three had made a dental visit in the previous year. One in six described their oral health as 'fair' or 'poor', and just under one-third reported dry mouth. Dentate participants, those without xerostomia, and those reporting better oral health had better OHRQoL, reflected in lower OHIP-20 scores. Affecting 37.1% of participants, functional limitation was the most commonly experienced of the OHIP-20 domains, followed by physical disability and physical pain (18.0% and 15.6% respectively). CONCLUSIONS The oral health of medically compromised and functionally dependent but cognitively competent older people in this study is generally poor. If transfer to long-term care is indicated, early and proper preventive measures and appropriate dental contact should be advocated in order to reduce morbidity and improve quality of life for older people.
Collapse
|
240
|
Olusile AO, Adeniyi AA, Orebanjo O. Self-rated oral health status, oral health service utilization, and oral hygiene practices among adult Nigerians. BMC Oral Health 2014; 14:140. [PMID: 25427860 PMCID: PMC4258058 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-14-140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is scarce information available on oral health service utilization patterns and common oral hygiene practices among adult Nigerians. We conducted the 2010-2011 national oral health survey before the introduction of the national oral health policy to determine the prevalence of oral health service utilization, patterns of oral hygiene practices, and self reported oral health status, among adults in various social classes, educational strata, ethnic groups and geopolitical zones in Nigeria. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey in North-Central, North-West, South-East, South-South and South-West geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Multi-stage cluster sampling method was used for the sample selection. We administered a structured questionnaire to a total of 7,630 participants. Information on the socio-demographic characteristics, oral hygiene practices and oral health services utilization pattern of participants was obtained. RESULTS We interviewed 7, 630 participants (55.6% female). The participants ages ranged between 18 and 81 years, mean age was 37.96 (SD = 13.2). Overall 21.2% of the participants rated their oral health status as very good, 37.1% as good and 27.4% as fair. Only 26.4% reported having visited the dentist at least once prior to the conduct of the survey. More than half of these visits (54.9%) were for treatment purpose. Utilization of oral health services was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with being older, more educated and being engaged in a skilled profession. More educated persons, females and younger persons used toothbrushes for daily tooth cleaning. Age, sex, marital status, level of education and occupation were significantly related to daily frequency of tooth cleaning (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results show that while most Nigerian adults have a positive view of their oral health status, majority reported poor oral health utilization habits. Older persons resident in the northern zones of the country and less educated persons displayed poorer oral hygiene practices. The study findings suggest that there is low oral health service utilization among adult Nigerians and that socio-demographic variables influence oral health utilization habits and oral hygiene behavior among adult Nigerians Further studies to identify other factors influencing oral health behavior are suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adeyemi Oluniyi Olusile
- />Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State Nigeria
| | - Abiola Adetokunbo Adeniyi
- />Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olufemi Orebanjo
- />Dental Department, Ajeromi Ifelodun General Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
241
|
Mac Giolla Phadraig C, Nunn J, Dougall A, O'Neill E, McLoughlin J, Guerin S. What should dental services for people with disabilities be like? Results of an Irish Delphi panel survey. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113393. [PMID: 25420015 PMCID: PMC4242628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to generate prioritised goals for oral health services for people with disabilities as a first step in meeting the need for evidence based oral health services for people with disabilities in Ireland. Methods The study used a three round modified e-Delphi method, involving dental service professionals and people with disabilities or their representatives, in Ireland. Three rounds were completed online using SurveyMonkey. Round 1 asked: “List what you think dental services for people with disabilities in Ireland should be like.” Items for subsequent rounds were generated from responses to Round 1. Round 2 and Round 3 used 5 point Likert scales to rank these items by priority: from No Priority (1) to Top Priority (5). Consensus was achieved on each item where at least 80% of respondents considered an item either High or Top Priority. A consensus meeting concluded the process. Results Sixty-one panelists started and 48 completed the survey. The Delphi panel agreed on level of priority for 69 items and generated 16 consensus statements. These statements covered a range of topics such as access to care, availability of information and training, quality of care, dental treatment and cost. A recurrent theme relating to the appropriateness of care to individual need arose across topics suggesting a need to match service delivery according to the individual's needs, wants and expectations rather than the disability type/diagnosis based service which predominates today. Conclusions This process produced a list of prioritised goals for dental services for people with disabilities. This creates a foundation for building evidence-based service models for people with disabilities in Ireland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caoimhin Mac Giolla Phadraig
- Department of Public and Child Dental Health, Dublin Dental University Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - June Nunn
- Department of Public and Child Dental Health, Dublin Dental University Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alison Dougall
- Department of Public and Child Dental Health, Dublin Dental University Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eunan O'Neill
- Public Health, Oxfordshire County Council, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jacinta McLoughlin
- Department of Public and Child Dental Health, Dublin Dental University Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Suzanne Guerin
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
242
|
Pichot H, Hennequin M, Rouchon B, Pereira B, Tubert-Jeannin S. Dental status of new caledonian children: is there a need for a new oral health promotion programme? PLoS One 2014; 9:e112452. [PMID: 25380304 PMCID: PMC4224488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Before implementing a new oral health promotion program in the French overseas territory of Nouvelle Calédonie, the health authorities needed recent data about dental status of the New Caledonian child population. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to describe the dental status of 6, 9 and 12-yr-old New Caledonian children and to investigate the environmental and behavioural risk factors related to oral health. METHODS A randomly selected sample of 2734 children (744 6-yr-olds, 789 9-yr-olds, and 1201 12-yr-olds) was examined clinically by seven calibrated investigators and participants responded to a questionnaire. The main variables were objective criteria about dental status and subjective criteria about experience of dental care, dental fear, self-perception of oral health, cultural or ethnic identity and environmental and behavioural risk factors. RESULTS Overall, most of the children had infectious oral diseases: more than 50% had gingivitis, and 60% of 6- and 9 yr-olds had at least one deciduous or permanent tooth with untreated caries. The mean 12-yr-old number of decayed missing and filled teeth (DMFT) was 2.09±2.82. The number of carious lesions was related to the unfavourable lifestyle, deprived social status and no preventive dental care. Kanak, Polynesians and Caledonians (respectively 27%, 18% and 45% of the study sample) were more affected by caries than metropolitan French and Asian children. Children with many untreated carious lesions had negative perceptions of their oral health; they complained of chewing difficulty and had higher scores for dental anxiety. CONCLUSION This study highlights the need for new strategies aimed at improving oral health and at reducing inequalities in New Caledonia. An oral health promotion program would need to be developed in connection with other health programmes using the common risk factor approach within the context of the local environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Pichot
- Clermont University, University of Auvergne, EA 4847, Centre de Recherche en Odontologie Clinique, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Sanitary and Social Agency of New Caledonia, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Martine Hennequin
- Clermont University, University of Auvergne, EA 4847, Centre de Recherche en Odontologie Clinique, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Bernard Rouchon
- Sanitary and Social Agency of New Caledonia, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | | | - Stéphanie Tubert-Jeannin
- Clermont University, University of Auvergne, EA 4847, Centre de Recherche en Odontologie Clinique, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
243
|
Tsuboya T, Aida J, Kawachi I, Katase K, Osaka K. Early life-course socioeconomic position, adult work-related factors and oral health disparities: cross-sectional analysis of the J-SHINE study. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e005701. [PMID: 25280807 PMCID: PMC4187658 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined the association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and oral health, and the associations of economic difficulties in childhood and workplace-related factors on these parameters. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS A total of 3201 workers aged 25-50 years, living in and around Tokyo, Japan, from the J-SHINE (Japanese study of Stratification, Health, Income, and Neighborhood) study. The response rate was 31.6%. OUTCOME MEASURES Self-rated oral health (SROH)-A logistic regression model was used to estimate ORs for the association between poor SROH and each indicator of SEP (annual household income, wealth, educational attainment, occupation and economic situation in childhood). Multiple imputation was used to address missing values. RESULTS Each indicator of SEP, including childhood SEP, was significantly inversely associated with SROH, and all of the workplace-related factors (social support in the workplace, job stress, working hours and type of employment) were also significantly associated with SROH. Compared with professionals, blue-collar workers had a significantly higher OR of poor SROH and the association was substantially explained by the workplace-related factors; ORs ranged from 1.44 in the age-adjusted and sex-adjusted model to 1.18 in the multivariate model. Poverty during childhood at age 5 and at age 15 was associated with poorer SROH, and these two factors seemed to be independently associated with SROH. CONCLUSIONS We found oral health disparity across SEP among workers in Japan. Approximately 60% of the association between occupation and SROH was explained by job-related factors. Economic difficulties during childhood appear to affect SROH in adulthood separately from sex, age and the current workplace-related factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Tsuboya
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jun Aida
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Kazuo Katase
- Department of Human Science, Tohoku Gakuin University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ken Osaka
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
244
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated the relationship between dentist supply and children's oral health and explored heterogeneity by children's age and urbanicity. METHODS We obtained data from the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health (>27,000 children aged 1-10 years; >23,000 children aged 11-17 years). We estimated the association between state-level dentist supply and multiple measures of children's oral health using regression analysis adjusting for several child, family, and population-level characteristics. RESULTS Dentist supply was significantly related to better oral health outcomes among children aged 1 to 10 years. The odds of decay and bleeding gums were lower by more than 50% (odds ratio [OR]=0.46; 95% CI=0.23, 0.95) and 80% (OR=0.18; 95% CI=0.05, 0.76), respectively, with an additional dentist per 1000 population. The odds of a worse maternal rating of child's dental health on a 5-category scale from poor to excellent were lower by about 50% in this age group with an additional dentist per 1000 population (OR=0.51; 95% CI=0.29, 0.91). We observed associations only for children in urban settings. CONCLUSIONS Dentist supply is associated with improved oral health for younger children in urban settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol C Guarnizo-Herreño
- Carol C. Guarnizo-Herreño is with the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, and the Departamento de Salud Colectiva, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia. George L. Wehby is with the Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, and the National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA
| | | |
Collapse
|
245
|
Rajab LD, Petersen PE, Baqain Z, Bakaeen G. Oral health status among 6- and 12-year-old Jordanian schoolchildren. Oral Health Prev Dent 2014; 12:99-107. [PMID: 24624383 DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.a31220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE No nationwide oral health survey has previously been carried out in Jordan. The aims of the study were to assess the burden of dental caries and gingival health among children aged 6 and 12 years in relation to sociodemographic factors and to ascertain the trend over time in the occurrence of caries and the need for dental care. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was carried out which included 2496 children aged 6 years and 2560 children aged 12 years selected by stratified cluster sampling. Children were examined in schools and data comprised information about caries and gingival health status. WHO methodology and criteria were applied. Structured questionnaires were used to collect information about oral hygiene, dental visits, consumption of sugars and parents' level of education. RESULTS The caries prevalence rates were 76.4% in 6-year-olds and 45.5% in 12-year-olds, and caries experience was 3.3 dmft and 1.1 DMFT, respectively. The prevalence of caries varied significantly by sex and geographical region. In both age groups, children of the social low and middle groups had significantly higher levels of caries experience, more untreated decayed teeth and fewer filled teeth than did children of the upper socioeconomic group. Multivariate regression analysis showed that social class was the most important independent variable for caries. The results from 2005 were compared with similar data collected in the capital, Amman, in 1993. For all social classes, the mean caries experience and the amount of untreated dental caries increased over time. Moreover, 17.7% of 6-year-old children and 49.1% of the 12-year-olds had gingival bleeding. Significant differences in gingival health were found by sex, location, geographical areas and socioeconomic group. CONCLUSION Oral disease is a significant public health problem in Jordan. Strengthening of the school oral health programme is needed for effective prevention and control of caries and promoting gingival health. A systematic school oral health programme including oral health promotion should be established.
Collapse
|
246
|
Azofeifa A, Yeung LF, Alverson CJ, Beltrán-Aguilar E. Oral health conditions and dental visits among pregnant and nonpregnant women of childbearing age in the United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2004. Prev Chronic Dis 2014; 11:E163. [PMID: 25232750 PMCID: PMC4170723 DOI: 10.5888/pcd11.140212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral diseases can be prevented or improved with regular dental visits. Our objective was to assess and compare national estimates on self-reported oral health conditions and dental visits among pregnant women and nonpregnant women of childbearing age by using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). METHODS We analyzed self-reported oral health information on 897 pregnant women and 3,971 nonpregnant women of childbearing age (15-44 years) from NHANES 1999-2004. We used χ(2) and 2-sample t tests to assess statistical differences between groups stratified by age, race/ethnicity, poverty, and education. We applied the Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Our data show significant differences in self-reported oral health conditions and dental visits among women, regardless of pregnancy status, when stratified by selected sociodemographic characteristics. Significant differences were also found in self-reported oral health conditions and dental visits between pregnant and nonpregnant women, especially among young women, women from minority race/ethnicity groups, and women with less than high school education. CONCLUSION We found disparities in self-reported oral health conditions and use of dental services among women regardless of pregnancy status. Results highlight the need to improve dental service use among US women of childbearing age, especially young pregnant women, those who are non-Hispanic black or Mexican American, and those with low family income or low education level. Prenatal visits could be used as an opportunity to encourage pregnant women to seek preventive dental care during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Azofeifa
- Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop E-86 Atlanta, GA 30333. E-mail:
| | | | - C J Alverson
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | |
Collapse
|
247
|
Silva AER, Menezes AMB, Assunção MCF, Gonçalves H, Demarco FF, Vargas-Ferreira F, Peres MA. Validation of self-reported information on dental caries in a birth cohort at 18 years of age. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106382. [PMID: 25202969 PMCID: PMC4159228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Estimate the prevalence of dental caries based on clinical examinations and self-reports and compare differences in the prevalence and effect measures between the two methods among 18-year-olds belonging to a 1993 birth cohort in the city of Pelotas, Brazil. Method Data on self-reported caries, socio-demographic aspects and oral health behaviour were collected using a questionnaire administered to adolescents aged 18 years (n = 4041). Clinical caries was evaluated (n = 1014) by a dentist who had undergone training and calibration exercises. Prevalence rates of clinical and self-reported caries, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, absolute and relative bias, and inflation factors were calculated. Prevalence ratios of dental caries were estimated for each risk factor. Results The prevalence of clinical and self-reported caries (DMFT>1) was 66.5% (95%CI: 63.6%–69.3%) and 60.3% (95%CI: 58.8%–61.8%), respectively. Self-reports underestimated the prevalence of dental caries by 9.3% in comparison to clinical evaluations. The analysis of the validity of self-reports regarding the DMFT index indicated high sensitivity (81.8%; 95%CI: 78.7%–84.7%) and specificity (78.1%; 95%CI: 73.3%–82.4%) in relation to the gold standard (clinical evaluation). Both the clinical and self-reported evaluations were associated with gender, schooling and self-rated oral health. Clinical dental caries was associated with visits to the dentist in the previous year. Self-reported dental caries was associated with daily tooth brushing frequency. Conclusions Based on the present findings, self-reported information on dental caries using the DMFT index requires further studies prior to its use in the analysis of risk factors, but is valid for population-based health surveys with the aim of planning and monitoring oral health actions directed at adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Maria Baptista Menezes
- Postgraduate Programme in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Helen Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Programme in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Flávio Fernando Demarco
- Postgraduate Programme in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Vargas-Ferreira
- Postgraduate Programme in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Peres
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, School of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Austrália
| |
Collapse
|
248
|
Vichayanrat T, Kositpumivate W. Oral health conditions and behaviors among hearing impaired and normal hearing college students at Ratchasuda College, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2014; 45:1228-1235. [PMID: 25417527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore oral health and oral health related behaviors among hearing impaired and normal hearing students at Rachasuda College. The association between socioeconomic factors, hearing status, oral health behaviors, oral hygiene levels and dental caries status were also examined. The students filled out a self-administered questionnaire with assistance of a sign language video to obtain personal and behavior information. A total of 180 students, 83 normal hearing and 97 hearing impaired students completed the questionnaire and underwent an oral examination. The prevalences of caries were 53.6% and 50.6% among students with hearing impairment and normal hearing, respectively (p=0.354). After age stratification, the hearing impaired students aged 18-21 years had significantly less filled teeth (p=0.012), and those older than 21 years had less missing teeth due to caries than normal-hearing students (p=0.023). Poor oral hygiene was found in 51.8% and 42.2% of normal and hearing-impaired students, respectively (p=0.365). Caries status was significantly associated with maternal education level (OR 3.56; 95% CI: 1.52-8.32) and oral hygiene (OR 3.26; 95% CI: 1.64-6.45). The high prevalence of dental caries and poor oral hygiene among college students is alarming. Hearing impairment did not appear to affect the prevalences of these conditions compared to those with normal hearing. Oral health education tools need to be developed and utilized for both normal hearing and hearing impaired college students in Thailand.
Collapse
|
249
|
Natto ZS, Petersen FF, Niccola Q. The prevalence and severity of dental caries in Chad: a pilot study. Niger Postgrad Med J 2014; 21:241-244. [PMID: 25331241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and severity of dental caries among a cross section of a sample from different locations in Chad as part of a general assessment of their oral health status. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive survey of a nationwide sample included volunteers, 10 years or older, for a total of 1,011 participants. The survey consisted of a brief interview followed by a 1-2 minute oral examination of each subject. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 29.61 ±12.59 years and the total mean value for Decayed/Missing/Filled Teeth (DMFT)=1.96 ±1.78. Females had a higher mean DMFT (2.72 ±1.88); decayed (2.82 ±1.07); missing teeth (1.81 ±1.14) than males (1.61 ±1.60): decayed (2.11 ±1.09); missing (1.45 ±0.89, respectively; all p<0.001). The older group (>30 years) had higher DMFT (2.79 ±1.93) than the younger group (d"30 years; p<0.001). Urban area showed lower DMFT (1.81 ±1.68) than rural areas (2.31 ±1.95). CONCLUSION In this study, the prevalence of dental caries is very low which is similar to the most of the African Saharan and sub-Saharan countries. However, there is need to establish caries control programs to prevent tooth decay in the future and help people maintain lifelong dental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z S Natto
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
250
|
Natto ZS, Petersen FF, Niccola Q. The oral health status and the treatment needs in Chad: a pilot study. Niger Postgrad Med J 2014; 21:245-249. [PMID: 25331242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This study was designed to evaluate dental conditions, factors contributing to these conditions, and treatment needs among a population from different places in Chad, as part of a general assessment of their oral health. PATIENTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional nationwide survey was conducted with 1,011 participants. The survey consisted of a brief health interview (conducted by dental students and public health specialists) followed by a 1-2 minutes oral examination (conducted by dental students and dentists). RESULTS Sixty four per cent of the subjects had experienced dental pain, 66.7% had decayed teeth, and 56.6% had gum diseases. Dental pain was found to be distributed according to age, gender and locations (p<0.001). Only 25% of the participants had ever visited a dentist. Males were show to engage in more tobacco use than females (19.2% vs. 0.3%), while females were more likely to have visited a dentist than males (30.8% vs. 22.8%). Brushing of teeth occurred more often in urban than in rural locations (p<0.001), while date, sugar cane and cola nut intake were statistically significant in the older generation compared to the younger subjects (p<0.001). CONCLUSION There was a significant need for dental treatment and care in the sample population. In addition, the availability of sugar, combined with poor knowledge, utilisation of preventive and restorative oral health care services have been contributed to have several dental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z S Natto
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|