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Sreenivasan PK, Kakarla VVP, Sharda S, Setty Y. The effects of a novel herbal toothpaste on salivary lactate dehydrogenase as a measure of cellular integrity. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:3021-3030. [PMID: 33064207 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03623-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a critical intracellular enzyme responsible for anaerobic respiration in pyruvate metabolism which becomes detectable in extracellular spaces after cellular breakdown. This clinical investigation examined the effects of brushing with a test toothpaste containing natural ingredients, i.e., clove (Syzygium aromaticum), aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis), amla (Emblica officinalis), neem (Azadirachta indica), tulsi (Ocimum basillicum), and honey (from Apis mellifera), and 0.96% zinc (zinc oxide, zinc citrate) and 0.76% SMFP (1000 ppm F) in a calcium carbonate base formulated with natural ingredients (Ved Shakti, Colgate Palmolive India) and a fluoride toothpaste containing 0.76% SMFP (1000 ppm F) in a calcium carbonate base (Colgate Cavity Protection, Colgate Palmolive; henceforth control) on salivary LDH in conjunction with the assessments of dental plaque and gingivitis representing oral hygiene parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS This double-blind, two-cell study enrolled 70 adults (age range 20-59 years). Subjects completed a washout and provided baseline saliva samples for LDH analysis and clinical assessments of dental plaque and gingivitis using the Turesky Modification of Quigley-Hein and Loe-Silness methods respectively. Subjects were randomly assigned to brush their teeth with either the test or control. Post-treatment sample collection and clinical evaluations were conducted after 3 weeks, 6 weeks, and 12 week sof brushing with all assessments conducted 12 h after hygiene. Statistical analyses were conducted independently for each parameter by t-test for within treatment evaluation and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) for between treatment comparisons. RESULTS At baseline, treatment groups demonstrated no significant differences for LDH or dental plaque and gingival index scores. Brushing with the test demonstrated progressive reductions in salivary LDH, plaque and gingival index scores over the study duration in comparison to the control. The test demonstrated reductions in LDH of 9.5-15.4% over the study period in comparison to the control representing statistically significant effects (p < 0.05). The test also demonstrated reductions in dental plaque that ranged between 6.4 and 16.2% over the study period and gingivitis reductions that ranged between 8.2 and 23.8% representing statistically significant results (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Brushing with a novel herbal toothpaste demonstrated significant reductions in salivary LDH representing improvements in cellular integrity with concurrent reductions in dental plaque and gingivitis as compared to the control dentifrice. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Salivary LDH measurements offer a non-invasive and objective measurement of mucosal cellular integrity complementing other evaluations and clinical assessments such as plaque and gingival index scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem K Sreenivasan
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Veera Venkata Prasad Kakarla
- Public Health Dentistry SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital SDM College of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Affiliated to SDM University, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580009, India.
| | - Shweta Sharda
- Public Health Dentistry SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital SDM College of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Affiliated to SDM University, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580009, India
| | - Yogitha Setty
- Public Health Dentistry SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital SDM College of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Affiliated to SDM University, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580009, India
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Paszynska E, Pawinska M, Gawriolek M, Kaminska I, Otulakowska-Skrzynska J, Marczuk-Kolada G, Rzatowski S, Sokolowska K, Olszewska A, Schlagenhauf U, May TW, Amaechi BT, Luczaj-Cepowicz E. Impact of a toothpaste with microcrystalline hydroxyapatite on the occurrence of early childhood caries: a 1-year randomized clinical trial. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2650. [PMID: 33514787 PMCID: PMC7846568 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this trial was to determine whether a toothpaste with microcrystalline hydroxyapatite is not inferior to a fluoride toothpaste in prevention of caries in children. This double-blinded randomized control trial compared two toothpastes regarding the occurrence of caries lesions using International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) ≥ code 1 on the primary dentition within 336 days. The test group used a fluoride-free hydroxyapatite toothpaste three times daily while control group used a toothpaste with fluoride. 207 children were included in the intention-to-treat analysis; 177 of them finished the study per protocol. An increase in caries ICDAS ≥ code 1 per tooth was observed in 72.7% of the hydroxyapatite-group (n = 88), compared with 74.2% of the fluoride-group (n = 89). The exact one-sided upper 95% confidence limit for the difference in proportion of participants with ICDAS increase ≥ 1 (-1.4%) was 9.8%, which is below the non-inferiority margin of 20% demonstrating non-inferiority of hydroxyapatite compared to the fluoride control toothpaste. This RCT showed for the first time, that in children, the impact of the daily use of a toothpaste with microcrystalline hydroxyapatite on enamel caries progression in the primary dentition is not inferior to a fluoride control toothpaste (Clinical Trials NCT03553966).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Paszynska
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Malgorzata Pawinska
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Maria Gawriolek
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Inga Kaminska
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | | | | | - Szymon Rzatowski
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Aneta Olszewska
- Department of Facial Malformation, Pediatric Dentistry Clinic, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ulrich Schlagenhauf
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Theodor W May
- Society for Biometrics and Psychometrics, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Bennett T Amaechi
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Islas-Granillo H, Casanova-Rosado JF, de la Rosa-Santillana R, Casanova-Rosado AJ, Islas-Zarazúa R, Márquez-Corona MDL, Rueda-Ibarra V, Jiménez-Gayosso SI, Navarrete-Hernández JDJ, Medina-Solís CE. Self-reported oral hygiene practices with emphasis on frequency of tooth brushing: A cross-sectional study of Mexican older adults aged 60 years or above. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21622. [PMID: 32898997 PMCID: PMC7478503 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to characterize self-reported oral hygiene practices among Mexican older adults aged ≥60 years, and to measure the association between frequency of tooth brushing and a set of sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and dental variables.We conducted a cross-sectional study of 139 older adults aged ≥60 years in Pachuca, Mexico. A questionnaire and a clinical dental examination were administered to identify specific variables. We determined frequency of tooth brushing (or cleaning of dentures or prostheses) and use of toothpaste, mouthwash, and dental floss among respondents. Non-parametric testing was performed for statistical analysis and a multivariate logistic regression model was generated with Stata 11 software to determine frequency of tooth brushing.In our study sample, 53.2% of participants reported brushing their teeth at least once a day, 50.4% always using toothpaste, 16.5% using mouthwash and 3.6% using floss for their oral hygiene. In general, younger and female respondents used oral hygiene aids more than the others. Our multivariate model yielded an association (P < .05) between tooth brushing at least once daily and the following variables: having functional dentition (OR = 12.60), lacking health insurance (OR = 3.72), being retired/pensioned (OR = 4.50), and suffering from a chronic disease (OR = 0.43).The older adults in our sample exhibited deficient oral hygiene behaviors. The results suggest certain socioeconomic inequalities in oral health. The findings of this study should be considered when designing dental care instructions for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Islas-Granillo
- Academic Area of Dentistry of Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca
| | | | | | | | - Rosalina Islas-Zarazúa
- Academic Area of Dentistry of Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca
| | | | - Vicente Rueda-Ibarra
- Academic Area of Dentistry of Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca
| | | | | | - Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solís
- Academic Area of Dentistry of Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca
- Advanced Studies and Research Center in Dentistry "Dr. Keisaburo Miyata" of Faculty of Dentistry at Autonomous University State of Mexico, Toluca, Mexico
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Satou R, Suzuki S, Takayanagi A, Yamagishi A, Sugihara N. Modified toothpaste application using prepared toothpaste delivering technique increases interproximal fluoride toothpaste delivery. Clin Exp Dent Res 2020; 6:188-196. [PMID: 32250568 PMCID: PMC7133740 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We devised a "prepared toothpaste delivering technique" (PTD technique), a modified the application of toothpaste method for using fluoride toothpaste more effectively. This study aimed to investigate the change in viscosity and fluoride intake into hydroxyapatite of a toothpaste, and deliverability of fluoride toothpaste to the interproximal site with the PTD technique using an interproximal model. METHODS Eight toothpaste samples were prepared at the following concentrations: ×1.00, ×1.25, ×1.50, ×1.75, ×2.00, ×3.00, ×4.00, and ×5.00. Viscosity of the toothpaste was measured by a Type-B viscometer. Dissolution rate of toothpaste and fluoride uptake into the hydroxy apatite pellet were analyzed by a fluoride selective electrode. Application paste volume and delivery rate was measured using interproximal model and image analysis software during using a finger brush front (FBF), finger brush back (FBB), and toothbrush. RESULTS As the dilution ratio increased, the viscosity of the toothpaste decreased sharply, F uptake decreased, and dissolution rate increased. F uptake was significantly reduced when the toothpaste was diluted more than 1.75 times. Therefore, in order to improve the effectiveness of the fluoride toothpaste, it is important to deliver the toothpaste to interproximal areas and pit clefts at low dilution. It was observed that PTD technique can be effectively implemented by the finger brush. CONCLUSIONS The use of a FBF surface in the analysis of an acrylic interproximal model could aid in applying pressure while blocking the space of the groove and preventing outflow of the toothpaste. It was considered that the PTD technique would improve the effects of the fluoride toothpaste, especially in the interproximal site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryouichi Satou
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthTokyo Dental CollegeTokyoJapan
| | - Seitaro Suzuki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthTokyo Dental CollegeTokyoJapan
| | - Atsushi Takayanagi
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthTokyo Dental CollegeTokyoJapan
| | - Atsushi Yamagishi
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthTokyo Dental CollegeTokyoJapan
| | - Naoki Sugihara
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthTokyo Dental CollegeTokyoJapan
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Arslan S, Kaplan MH. The Effect of Resin Infiltration on the Progression of Proximal Caries Lesions: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Med Princ Pract 2020; 29:238-243. [PMID: 31476757 PMCID: PMC7315193 DOI: 10.1159/000503053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this clinical trial was to assess the effect of resin infiltration on the progression of proximal caries lesions. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Forty-one patients, aged between 15 and 33 years, with 2 or more non-cavitated proximal caries lesions were included. In 41 of the adolescent and young adults, 45 pairs of proximal lesions with radiological extension into the inner and outer half of the enamel, or into the outer third of the dentin, were randomly allocated to the test groups (resin infiltration application + fluoridated toothpaste and flossing use) or to the control group (fluoridated toothpaste and flossing use). Standardized geometrically aligned digital bitewing radiographs were obtained using individual biting holders. The radiographic progression of the lesions was assessed after 1 year by digital-subtraction radiography. The McNemar test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS In the test group 1/45 of the lesions (2.2%) and in the control group 9/45 of the lesions (20%) showed progression. The caries progression rate of the control group was significantly higher than that of the test group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Resin infiltration of proximal caries lesions is effective in reducing progression of the lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soley Arslan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey,
| | - Melek Hilal Kaplan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Thornton-Evans G, Junger ML, Lin M, Wei L, Espinoza L, Beltran-Aguilar E. Use of Toothpaste and Toothbrushing Patterns Among Children and Adolescents - United States, 2013-2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2019; 68:87-90. [PMID: 30703075 PMCID: PMC6400578 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6804a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Fluoride use is one of the main factors responsible for the decline in prevalence and severity of dental caries and cavities (tooth decay) in the United States (1). Brushing children's teeth is recommended when the first tooth erupts, as early as 6 months, and the first dental visit should occur no later than age 1 year (2-4). However, ingestion of too much fluoride while teeth are developing can result in visibly detectable changes in enamel structure such as discoloration and pitting (dental fluorosis) (1). Therefore, CDC recommends that children begin using fluoride toothpaste at age 2 years. Children aged <3 years should use a smear the size of a rice grain, and children aged >3 years should use no more than a pea-sized amount (0.25 g) until age 6 years, by which time the swallowing reflex has developed sufficiently to prevent inadvertent ingestion. Questions on toothbrushing practices and toothpaste use among children and adolescents were included in the questionnaire component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for the first time beginning in the 2013-2014 cycle. This study estimates patterns of toothbrushing and toothpaste use among children and adolescents by analyzing parents' or caregivers' responses to questions about when the child started to brush teeth, age the child started to use toothpaste, frequency of toothbrushing each day, and amount of toothpaste currently used or used at time of survey. Analysis of 2013-2016 data found that >38% of children aged 3-6 years used more toothpaste than that recommended by CDC and other professional organizations. In addition, nearly 80% of children aged 3-15 years started brushing later than recommended. Parents and caregivers can play a role in ensuring that children are brushing often enough and using the recommended amount of toothpaste.
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Singh A, Purohit BM. Caries Preventive Effects of High-fluoride vs Standard-fluoride Toothpastes - A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Oral Health Prev Dent 2019; 16:307-314. [PMID: 30175328 DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.a40937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the efficacy of high-fluoride toothpastes (≥ 2500 ppm) as compared to standard fluoride toothpastes (≤ 1500 ppm) in preventing dental caries. MATERIALS AND METHODS Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster-randomised trials comparing high-fluoride dentifrices (≥ 2500 ppm) with lower-concentration fluoride dentifrices (≤ 1500 ppm) with a follow-up period of at least 6 months were included. A random effects model was used to assess the mean differences in caries increment between the two types of dentifrices used. A fixed effects model was used to determine the preventive effect of high-concentration fluoride toothpastes compared with low-fluoride toothpastes. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted when results indicated heterogeneity. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. High-fluoride toothpaste use was statistically significantly associated with lower caries increment scores (pooled mean difference: -0.52 [95% CI, -0.67, -0.37], p = 0.00001). Subgroup analysis for the included studies reflected a significant reduction in I2 values from 99% to 18%. High-fluoride toothpastes were also associated with a greater preventive effect compared with low-fluoride toothpastes (pooled odds: 52.76 [95% CI, 19.74, 141.04], p = 0.95). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggests that high-fluoride toothpastes are superior to low-fluoride toothpastes in reducing caries. The results of this work when used judiciously should encourage the use of high-fluoride toothpaste, specifically among the vulnerable populations, to maximise preventive benefits.
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Magaz VR, Llovera BF, Martí M, Garre A. Clinical Impact and Cosmetic Acceptability of Chlorhexidine-enriched Toothpaste and Mouthwash Application on Periodontal Disease: A Randomized Clinical Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018; 19:1295-1300. [PMID: 30602630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Oral hygiene is key to prevent periodontal disease (PD). The efficacy of chlorhexidine-containing products has been largely proven, often being tooth discoloration an unwanted associated side-effect. Importantly, some differences related to the pharmaceutical presentation of these products have also been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of two different pharmaceutical forms [toothpaste (TP) and mouthwash (MW)] of a new product containing chlorhexidine, dexpanthenol, allantoin and bioadhesive excipient (CDAB) (Bexident® Gums Coadjuvant Treatment) on volunteers with PD. Their preferences, acceptability and cosmetic properties, as well as tooth discoloration, were also assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Total 60 subjects showing mild-moderate symptoms of gingivitis were randomly assigned to two different groups: one receiving TP (n = 30) and the other one receiving MW (n = 30). Periodontal disease index (PDI) was used to evaluate clinical signs at baseline (T0) and after 21 days (T21) of daily use of the products. Satisfaction was assessed through the affirmative/negative answers obtained with the visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS All participants completed the study. A significant improvement of PDI score after treatment was reported in both groups (T21/T0) (p < 0.001). Thus, gingivitis improved from moderate to negative [increase = 20.0% (TP)/36.7% (MW)] and from mild to negative [increase = 56.7% (TP)/50.0% (MW)]. After treatment, all subjects reported to have healthier and/or less bleeding teeth (TP 9.0/9.4; MW 8.0/8.2) and would recommend the product (TP:100%/MW:96.6%) with no specific preference regarding its presentation. No change of teeth color was observed. CONCLUSION Subjects with PD who received oral care with a new formulation of either chlorhexidine-containing TP or MW for 21 days, reported a significant improvement of their symptoms and resolution of the gingivitis with no associated tooth discoloration. Patients did not show a specific preference for any of the pharmaceutical presentations. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This new formulation of a chlorhexidine-containing product in both TP and MW forms resulted effective for PD treatment and well accepted by the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miriam Martí
- Innovation and Development, ISDIN S.A., Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aurora Garre
- Innovation and Development, ISDIN S.A., Barcelona, Spain, Phone: +34 932 402 020, e-mail:
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Arweiler NB, Grelle F, Sculean A, Heumann C, Auschill TM. Antibacterial Effect and Substantivity of Toothpaste Slurries In Vivo. Oral Health Prev Dent 2018; 16:175-181. [PMID: 29736497 DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.a40310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This double-blind, clinical, cross-over study evaluated the antibacterial effect of three toothpastes (ASF, HTP and STP) and a chlorhexidine mouthrinse (0.2%; CHX; positive control) after a single application on established biofilm over a period of 24 h (substantivity). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four subjects refrained from all oral hygiene measures for a period of 72 h. After 48 h, a baseline biofilm sample was taken and vitality of the biofilm flora was examined (baseline, VF0). Then they rinsed for 1 min with one of the randomly allocated, freshly prepared toothpaste slurries (ASF, HTP, STP) or CHX. Further biofilm samples were taken every second hour up to 14 h as well as 24 h after rinsing, and biofilm vitality was assessed (VF2-24). After a wash-out period of 4 days, a new test cycle was started. RESULTS All subjects (18 female, 6 male) finished the four test cycles. At VF2, all products showed a statistically significant reduction in vitality compared to VF0 (p<0.05). CHX and ASF revealed the most pronounced effect (49% and 40% reduction), while the other toothpastes (HTP: 24%, STP: 11%) reached lower but still statistically significant effects. At each further time point CHX and ASF showed the lowest biofilm vitality. ASF demonstrated a significant antibacterial effect on dental biofilm over a 24-h period compared to baseline and superiority over both other toothpastes at time points VF2-VF14. CONCLUSION ASF toothpaste showed a significant antibacterial action on biofilm and a high substantivity which was maintained up to 24 hours.
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Akabane S, Delbem AC, Pessan J, Garcia L, Emerenciano N, Gonçalves DF, Danelon M. In situ effect of the combination of fluoridated toothpaste and fluoridated gel containing sodium trimetaphosphate on enamel demineralization. J Dent 2017; 68:59-65. [PMID: 29097122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This in situ study evaluated the effect of the association of low-F (4500μg F/g) gel containing TMP and FT (1100μg F/g) on enamel demineralization. METHODS This crossover and double-blind study consisted of five phases of seven days each. Volunteers (n=12) wore palatal appliances containing four enamel blocks. The cariogenic challenge was performed with 30% sucrose solution (six times/day). Treatments were: placebo toothpaste (PT, no fluoride/TMP); 1100μg F/g toothpaste (FT); FT+4500μg F/g+5%TMP gel (FT+TMP gel); FT+9000μg F/g gel (FT+9000 gel) and FT+12,300μg F/g (FT+Acid gel). After topical application of treatments for one min, two blocks were removed for analysis of loosely bound fluoride (CaF2), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and firmly bound fluoride (FA) formed in enamel. After the seven-day experimental periods, the percentage of surface hardness loss (%SH), integrated subsurface hardness loss (ΔKHN), CaF2, Ca, P and FA retained were determined. Moreover, the biofilms formed on the blocks were analyzed for F, Ca, P and insoluble extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) concentrations. RESULTS FT+TMP gel promoted the lowest%SH and ΔKHN (p<0.001). The highest concentration of CaF2 formed was observed for the FT+Acid gel (p<0.001), followed by FT+9000 gel > FT+TMP gel > FT > PT. CaF2 retained on the blocks was reduced across all groups (p<0.001). Similar values were observed for the Ca/P/F and EPS in enamel and biofilm for all fluoride groups. CONCLUSION The association of FT+TMP gel significantly reduced enamel demineralization in situ. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The association of treatments may be an alternative for patients with high caries risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Akabane
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Rua José Bonifácio 1193, Araçatuba, SP, Cep 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Alberto Carlos Delbem
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Rua José Bonifácio 1193, Araçatuba, SP, Cep 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Juliano Pessan
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Rua José Bonifácio 1193, Araçatuba, SP, Cep 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Luhana Garcia
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Rua José Bonifácio 1193, Araçatuba, SP, Cep 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Nayara Emerenciano
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Rua José Bonifácio 1193, Araçatuba, SP, Cep 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Diego Felipe Gonçalves
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Rua José Bonifácio 1193, Araçatuba, SP, Cep 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Marcelle Danelon
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Rua José Bonifácio 1193, Araçatuba, SP, Cep 16015-050, Brazil.
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Attin T, Becker K, Wiedemeier DB, Schmidlin PR, Wegehaupt FJ. Anti-erosive effect of a self-assembling peptide gel. Swiss Dent J 2017; 127:857-864. [PMID: 29199414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed the anti-erosive effect of a self-assembling peptide fibre gel. One hundred and twelve bovine enamel samples were ground flat and subjected to a three times de- and re-mineralization cycle: erosion (5 min, HCl, pH 2.6) alternated with storage in artificial saliva under agitation. Then, samples were covered with different anti-erosive compounds (2 min): Duraphat toothpaste (DT), Elmex Erosion Protection Toothpaste (EET) or Elmex Gelée (EG) – all mixed with saliva (1:3) –, Elmex Erosion Protection Mouthwash (EEM), Curodont Protect (CP; self-assembling peptide gel) or MI Paste Plus (MIP). Untreated, water stored samples served as control. In experiment 1, half of the samples of each group were continuously superfused with HCl (pH 2.6, 60 μl/min, 8 min). In experiment 2, the second half of samples were subjected to eight cycles, each consisting of application of the respective anti-erosive compound followed by an erosion (60 s, HCl, pH 2.6), followed by remineralization in artificial saliva (45 min). Enamel loss was profilometrically determined. In experiment 1, EEM and EET performed significantly better compared to all other compounds. Substance loss of all other compounds did not differ significantly from control. In experiment 2, significantly better performance was achieved by EEM and EET. EG showed significantly lower protection than the control. All other applied compounds yielded no significant difference compared to control. Under the chosen conditions, the self-assembling peptide-containing compound showed no anti-erosive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Attin
- Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Becker
- Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel B. Wiedemeier
- Statistical Services, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick R. Schmidlin
- Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian J. Wegehaupt
- Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Silin AV, Satygo EA, Reutskaya KV. [Effectiveness of Paradontax toothpaste in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment]. Stomatologiia (Mosk) 2017; 96:20-22. [PMID: 28858274 DOI: 10.17116/stomat201796420-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of toothpaste Parodontax in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. The results showed that fixed orthodontic appliances deteriorated oral hygiene, increased the viscosity of saliva and reduced mineralizing capacity of saliva (MCS). Use of Parodontax toothpaste based on sodium bicarbonate improved OHI-S, reduced the viscosity of saliva, increased MCS and normalized oral microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Silin
- North-Western State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E A Satygo
- North-Western State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - K V Reutskaya
- North-Western State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION NovaMin is a synthetic mineral compound composed of calcium, sodium, phosphorus, and silica. It releases crystalline hydroxyl-carbonate apatite (HCA), which structurally resembles the minerals naturally found in the teeth. Nano-hydroxyapatite (NHA) is a biocompatible compound with high affinity for tooth enamel. NHA particles morphologically resemble dental enamel apatite crystals. Considering the efficacy of remineralizing agents and the importance of conservative preventive measures, this study aimed to compare the remin-eralizing effects of NovaMin and NHA on caries-like lesions in primary teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS This in vitro experimental study was conducted on 30 sound human primary anterior teeth with no cracks or fractures. The surface microhardness (SMH) of each tooth was measured at baseline using a Vickers microhard-ness tester. The teeth were then subjected to remineralization/ demineralization cycles, and artificial caries lesions were created in them. The SMH of each tooth was measured again and the teeth were then randomly treated with toothpastes containing NovaMin or 10% NHA powder for 2 minutes daily for a period of 5 days. The SMH of each was again measured afterward. Data were statistically analyzed using independent t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS The mean SMH was found to be higher in the teeth treated with NovaMin toothpaste (422.67 kgf/mm(2)) than in the teeth treated with NHA (384.2 kgf/mm(2)); However, this difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Both NHA and NovaMin were effective for reminer-alization of caries-like lesions of primary teeth and no significant difference was detected in their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roza Haghgoo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Motahare Ahmadvand
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sareh Moshaverinia
- Pedodontist Private Practice, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Private Practice, Tehran, Iran, Phone: +02122075225, e-mail:
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Sakagami H, Sheng H, Ono K, Komine Y, Miyadai T, Terada Y, Nakada D, Tanaka S, Matsumoto M, Yasui T, Watanabe K, Junye J, Natori T, Suguro-Kitajima M, Oizumi H, Oizumi T. Anti-Halitosis Effect of Toothpaste Supplemented with Alkaline Extract of the Leaves of Sasa senanensis Rehder. In Vivo 2016; 30:107-111. [PMID: 26912820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown activity against viruses, bacteria, inflammation and oral lichenoid dysplasia of alkaline extract of the leaves of Sasa senanensis Rehder (SE), suggesting its possible application to oral diseases. In the present study, we performed a small-scale clinical test to investigate whether SE is effective against halitosis and in oral bacterial reduction. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 12 volunteers participated in this study. They brushed their teeth immediately after meals three times each day with SE-containing toothpaste (SETP) or placebo toothpaste. Halitosis in the breath and bacterial number on the tongue were measured by commercially available portable apparatuses at a specified time in the morning. RESULTS Some relationship was observed between halitosis and bacterial number from each individual, especially when those with severe halitosis were included. Repeated experiments demonstrated that SETP significantly reduced halitosis but not the bacterial number on the tongue. CONCLUSION The present study provides for the first time the basis for anti-halitosis activity of SE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Sheng
- Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Koki Ono
- Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Komine
- Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Yuji Terada
- Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Shoji Tanaka
- Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Jia Junye
- Daiwa Biological Research Institute Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takenori Natori
- Daiwa Biological Research Institute Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Oizumi
- Daiwa Biological Research Institute Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takaaki Oizumi
- Daiwa Biological Research Institute Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
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Lapenaite E, Lopatiene K, Ragauskaite A. Prevention and treatment of white spot lesions during and after fixed orthodontic treatment: A systematic literature review. Stomatologija 2016; 18:3-8. [PMID: 27649610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of fluoride and casein topical preparations in the prevention of white spot lesions during and after fixed orthodontic treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS Information search for controlled studies on humans published in the English language between 2008 and 2013 was conducted in Medline via PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Oxford University Press: Oxford journals and The Cochrane Library, as well as the Web search Google Scholar. 177 articles were reviewed; eleven clinical studies fulfilled all inclusion criteria. RESULTS In the clinical studies it was concluded that high-concentration fluoride supplements are effective in reducing white spot lesions. Results of the studies showed the same usefulness of fluoride varnish, MI Paste, and usual oral hygiene using 1100 ppm of fluoride toothpaste. Effect on the prevention and treatment of white spot lesions of oral hygiene with toothpaste containing 1450 ppm of fluoride in orthodontic patients was evaluated. The positive effect of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate in white spot lesions treatment was found. Otherwise in some clinical studies use of casein derivates during fixed orthodontics for white spot lesions treatment was not effective. CONCLUSIONS More clinical studies conducted during last five years yielded significantly positive results about the effectiveness of fluoride and caseine supplements in ameliorating white spot lesions during and after fixed orthodontic treatment. For a higher-risk patient group, additional supplements such as high-concentrated fluoride varnish, chewing sticks, or casein derivates, are required. A good oral hygiene regimen using high-fluoride toothpaste is as effective as fluoride or casein derivates in the prevention of new white spot lesions formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle Lapenaite
- Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Zalgirio str. 115, 08217 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess clinical efficacy of Sensodyne repair and protect toothpaste as well as mechanics of its reparative action. Forty-eight patients (29 females and 19 males) were included in the study. The participants brushed twice daily with Sensodyne toothpaste. In 24 patients in addition to clinical examination fluoride, calcium and pH were measured in oral fluid. The study showed OHIS reduction by 40.24% and eradication of tooth hypersensitivity even after single use of the toothpaste in 90% of patients because of sodium monofluorophosphate action.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Elovikova
- Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
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Lima CV, Pierote JJA, de Santana Neta HA, de Deus Moura de Lima M, de Deus Moura LDFA, de Moura MS. Caries, Toothbrushing Habits, and Fluoride Intake From Toothpaste by Brazilian Children According to Socioeconomic Status. Pediatr Dent 2016; 38:305-310. [PMID: 27557919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries, toothbrushing habits, fluoride intake, and factors associated with the use of toothpaste in Brazilian children according to socioeconomic status (SES). METHODS A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 148 three- to four-year-olds of both low and high socioeconomic status. Data collection consisted of administering a questionnaire to guardians, brushing to determine fluoride intake, and examining the children's teeth to evaluate dental caries. RESULTS In this study, 42 percent of children from high SES and 2.7 percent of children from low SES used toothpaste without fluoride or with a concentration below 1,000 ppm F. Fluoride intake was associated with SES, frequency of brushing, the amount of toothpaste used, and the concentration of fluoride present in toothpastes (P<0.05). Low SES children had a higher fluoride intake during brushing (0.045 mg F/kg body weight/day), compared to high SES children (0.023 mg F/kg body weight/day). Unlike low SES children (68.9 percent), all high SES children were caries free. CONCLUSIONS A lower socioeconomic status was associated with a higher prevalence of dental caries and a higher intake of fluoride from toothpaste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Veloso Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, at the Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
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Thapa P, Aryal KK, Dhimal M, Mehata S, Pokhrel AU, Pandit A, Pandey AR, Bista B, Dhakal P, Karki KB, Pradhan S. Oral Health Condition of School Children in Nawalparasi District, Nepal. J Nepal Health Res Counc 2015; 13:7-13. [PMID: 26411706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral diseases and feeding habits are inextricably linked. Significance of assessing oral health conditions among the school children therefore exists. The current study investigated the oral health condition among 5-6 years and 12-13 years children in Nawalparasi district, Nepal. METHODS Recruiting 1,000 school children aged (5-6) and (12-13) years in Nawalparasi district, a cross-sectional study was carried out from November to December, 2014. Data assembled from standard instrument was entered in Epi-Data 3.1, cleaned in SPSS version 16.0, and analyzed in Epi Info 3.5.4. RESULTS Of 12-13 years children, three out of ten (32.0%, 95% CI: 27.8-36.4) suffered from occasional dental discomfort and pain, and 8.1% (95% CI: 5.9-11.0) often experienced dental discomfort and pain during the last 12 months. It was 73.6% (95% CI: 69.3-77.4) who brushed teeth at least once a day, while another 20.7% (95% CI: 17.2-24.7) brushed twice a day. Among all children, 86.1% (95% CI: 82.6-89.1) used toothpaste to brush the teeth. A three-fourth (73.8%, 95% CI: 69.5-77.7) drank tea with sugar daily. Dental caries was visible on 42.2% (95% CI: 37.7-46.8) (mean DMFT score 2.3 ± 1.5). Likewise, a quarter (24.1%, 95% CI: 20.3-28.3) had gingival bleeding, 10.9% (95% CI: 8.3-14.1) questionable enamel fluorosis, 4.5% (95% CI: 2.9-6.9) dental trauma, and 1.7% (95% CI: 0.8-3.5) oral mucosal lesion. Referral for preventive/routine treatment was observed in 40.5% (95% CI: 36.145.1). Among 5-6 years old children, a remarkable proportion of dental caries (64.4%, 95% CI: 59.2-69.4 and mean DMFT score 4.4 ± 3.0) was noted. Statistics of enamel fluorosis, dental trauma, and oral mucosal lesions in this age group were: 3.1% (95% CI: 1.6-5.6), 1.7% (95% CI: 0.7-3.8), and 1.1% (95% CI: 0.4-3.0) respectively. About 40.1% (95% CI: 35.0-45.4) were referred for preventive treatment, and the rest for prompt treatment. CONCLUSIONS Oral health of the children was poor, chiefly dental carries remained widespread. Dental hygiene awareness should be promoted in schools in active coordination and collaboration with education authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Thapa
- Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - K K Aryal
- Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - M Dhimal
- Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S Mehata
- Nepal Health Sector Support Programme, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu,Nepal
| | - A U Pokhrel
- Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Morang, Nepal
| | - A Pandit
- Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - A R Pandey
- Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - B Bista
- Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - P Dhakal
- Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - K B Karki
- Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S Pradhan
- National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Junevičius J, Žilinskas J, Česaitis K, Česaitienė G, Gleiznys D, Maželienė Ž. Antimicrobial activity of silver and gold in toothpastes: A comparative analysis. Stomatologija 2015; 17:9-12. [PMID: 26183852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we compared the antimicrobial activity of identical toothpastes differing only in silver or gold nanoparticles against the activity of one of the common toothpastes containing a chemical active ingredient. We also compared the active concentrations of the toothpastes. METHODS For this study, we selected "Royal Denta" toothpastes containing silver and gold particles, and the "Blend-A-Med Complete" toothpaste containing zinc citrate as the active ingredient. We used 8 standard microorganism cultures on the basis of their individual mechanisms of protection. The antimicrobial activity of each studied preparation was evaluated at 9 concentrations. RESULTS Most effective against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) was the "Silver Technology" – MIC was 0.004-0.0015 g/mL. Neither "Silver Technology" nor "Orange and Gold Technology" had any effect on Escherichia coli or Proteus mirabilis. Antimicrobial activity against the motile bacterium Proteus mirabilis was observed in "Silver Technology", "Orange and Gold Technology", and "Blend-A-Med Complete" – the MIC was 0.015 g/mL or lower. No antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans fungus at the studied concentrations was observed in the "Orange and Gold Technology". The toothpaste "Blend-A-Med" demonstrated the most effective antimicrobial activity - the MIC of 0.0015 g/mL and 0.015 g/mL inhibited Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis, respectively, and the MIC of 0.15 g/mL inhibited the growth of the bacteria Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and fungus Candida albicans. CONCLUSIONS Silver in toothpaste has a greater antimicrobial effect than gold, but its effect is still inferior to that of a chemical antimicrobial agent.
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Elmazi V, Sener B, Attin T, Imfeld T, Wegehaupt FJ. Influence of the Relative Enamel Abrasivity (REA) of Toothpastes on the Uptake of KOH-soluble and Structurally Bound Fluoride. Oral Health Prev Dent 2015; 13:349-355. [PMID: 25197725 DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.a32665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the influence of the relative enamel abrasivity (REA) of fluoridated toothpaste on the uptake of KOH-soluble and structurally bound fluoride into enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bovine enamel samples were randomly allocated to 6 groups (n=36 per group). Groups A to C were treated with sodium fluoride (NaF) toothpastes and groups D to F with amine fluoride (AmF) toothpastes (1500 ppm F each). The REA in groups A and D was 2, in groups B and E it was 6 and in groups C and F it was 9. Twice a day, 18 samples of each group were immersed for 2 min in a slurry (toothpaste:artificial saliva=1:3), while the remaining samples were brushed with the respective slurry (2.5 N force; 60 strokes/min; 2 min). All samples were stored at 37°C and 100% humidity. After five days, the amount of KOH-soluble and structurally bound fluoride was determined and statistically compared by Scheffe's post-hoc tests. RESULTS REA value and mode of application (immersion or brushing) had no significant influence on the amount of either kind of fluoride from NaF toothpastes. Only for the NaF toothpaste with REA 6 was the amount of KOH-soluble fluoride significantly higher after brushing. With AmF toothpastes, KOH-soluble and structurally bound fluoride concentrations were significantly higher when the samples were brushed. Furthermore, in the REA-2 group, the amounts of KOH-soluble fluoride (brushed or immersed) and structurally bound fluoride (brushed) were significantly higher than in the other groups. CONCLUSION The REA dependency of KOH-soluble and structurally bound fluoride was found only for the AmF toothpastes. Using AmF toothpaste, the mode of application influenced the uptake of KOH-soluble and structurally bound fluoride into enamel.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare and measure the changes in size of post-orthodontic demineralized white lesion enamel lesions treated with a low fluoride (50 ppm) versus a non-fluoride mouthrinse/toothpaste regime. STUDY DESIGN An experimental double-blind prospective randomized clinical controlled trial. SETTING A university dental school orthodontic clinic (Sheffield, UK). PARTICIPANTS Twenty-six patients identified as having post-orthodontic demineralized white lesions on removal of their fixed appliance. METHOD AND INTERVENTIONS: The participants were randomly and blindly assigned to either a low fluoride mouthrinse/toothpaste treatment regime or an inactive control. Computerized image analysis of calibrated photographic images taken under polarized light were used to measure the lesions. OUTCOME MEASURES Lesion size and proportion (DWL%t) and percentage reduction (ADPR) at debond, and at 12 and 26 weeks later. RESULTS Five participants dropped out of the study, 12 had the low fluoride regime and 9 did not. As a percentage of the total labial tooth area (DWL%t) the mean size of the lesions at debond was 8.1% (SD 3.7). After 12 weeks the mean size of lesion had reduced to 4.6% (SD 2.6), which was a significant reduction (p=0.03). After 26 weeks the mean size was 3.5% (SD 2.1), which was a very significant reduction (p<0.003). This confirmed statistically that post-orthodontic demineralized white lesions do reduce in size with time reflecting remineralization or other enamel surface changes. Intervention using a test low fluoride mouthrinse/toothpaste combination at 26 weeks showed an average difference percentage reduction (ADPR) of 54.3% (Upper 95% CI=62.08, Lower 95% CI=46.44%) compared with a non-active control combination, which showed an ADPR of 66.1% (Upper 95% CI=77.74, Lower 95% CI=54.51%). This failed to show any differences or therapeutic affect. CONCLUSIONS Post-orthodontic demineralized white lesions reduced in size during the 6 months following treatment by approximately half the original size. There was no clinical advantage in using the low fluoride formulation of mouthrinse/toothpaste in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Willmot
- Department of Oral Health and Development, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK.
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Lombardini M, Ceci M, Colombo M, Bianchi S, Poggio C. Preventive effect of different toothpastes on enamel erosion: AFM and SEM studies. Scanning 2014; 36:401-410. [PMID: 24374971 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of the present in vitro study was the evaluation of new formulation toothpastes on preventing enamel erosion produced by a soft drink (Coca Cola), using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fifty enamel specimens were assigned to 10 groups of 5 specimens each. 1: intact enamel, 2: enamel + soft drink, 3: intact enamel + BioRepair Plus-Sensitive Teeth, 4: enamel + soft drink + BioRepair Plus-Sensitive Teeth, 5: intact enamel + BioRepair Plus-Total Protection, 6: enamel + soft drink + BioRepair Plus-Total Protection, group 7: intact enamel + Sensodyne Repair & Protect, 8: dentin + soft drink + Sensodyne Repair & Protect, 9: intact dentin + Colgate Sensitive Pro Relief, 10: dentin + soft drink + Colgate Sensitive Pro Relief. The surface of each specimen was imaged by AFM and SEM. The root mean-square roughness (Rrms ) was obtained from the AFM images and the differences in the averaged values among the groups were analyzed by ANOVA test. Comparing groups 4, 6, 8, 10 (soft drink + toothpastes) Colgate Sensitive Pro Relief promoted enamel remineralization, while BioRepair Plus-Sensitive Teeth, Biorepair Plus-Total Protection and Sensodyne Repair & Protect provided lower effectiveness in protecting enamel against erosion. SIGNIFICANCE the use of new formulation toothpastes can prevent enamel demineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Lombardini
- Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Reisacher W, Rudner S, Kotik V. Oral mucosal immunotherapy using a toothpaste delivery system for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Int J Pharm Compd 2014; 18:287-290. [PMID: 25474857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Oral Mucosal Immunotherapy is a novel method of delivering allergenic extracts to the tolerogenic oropharyngeal mucosa using a compounded toothpaste vehicle. This article describes three cases where individuals with seasonal allergic rhinitis demonstrated symptom improvement as well as decreased skin reactivity after using Oral Mucosal Immunotherapy in a pre-seasonal and co-seasonal fashion.
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Poggio C, Lombardini M, Vigorelli P, Colombo M, Chiesa M. The role of different toothpastes on preventing dentin erosion: an SEM and AFM study®. Scanning 2014; 36:301-310. [PMID: 23784952 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present in vitro study was the evaluation of new formulation toothpastes on preventing dentin erosion produced by a soft drink (Coca Cola®), using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fifty dentin specimens were divided in treatment and control halves and were than assigned to 5 groups of 10 specimens each: group 1a: intact dentin, group 1b: dentin + soft drink, group 2a: intact dentin + Biorepair Plus-Sensitive Teeth®, group 2b: dentin + soft drink + Biorepair Plus-Sensitive Teeth®, group 3a: intact dentin + Biorepair Plus-Total Protection®, group 3b: dentin + soft drink + Biorepair Plus-Total Protection®, group 4a: intact dentin + Sensodyne Repair & Protect®, group 4b: dentin + soft drink + Sensodyne Repair & Protect®, group 5a: intact dentin + Colgate Sensitive Pro Relief®, group 5b: dentin + soft drink + Colgate Sensitive Pro Relief®. The surface of each specimen was imaged by AFM and SEM. Comparing specimens of group a and b (no demineralization and demineralization), a statistically significant difference (p < 0.01) in Rrms values was registered. Comparing b groups, all the analyzed toothpastes tended to remineralize the dentine surface in different extent. Biorepair Plus-Total Protection® and Sensodyne Repair & Protect® provided higher protective effect against dentin demineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Poggio
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Policlinico "San Matteo", Pavia, Italy
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Abstract
DESIGN Single-blind, multi-centre, parallel, randomised controlled trial. Intervention Adult patients (18-75 years) with 10 or more natural teeth, and one or more root caries lesion in a tooth not crowned or compromised were included. Patients were randomised to receive a high fluoride toothpaste, 1.1% sodium fluoride (5000 ppm F) or a regular toothpaste (1350 ppm F). Packaging was identical and standard brushes were also provided. Patients were strictly instructed to refrain from using toothpastes or toothbrushes other than the ones provided and restricted from using mouth rinses. OUTCOME MEASURE The primary outcome measure was changes in the surface structure of the root caries lesions after the intervention. This was graded using a surface hardness score (HS) scale: Level 1: hard; Level 2: hard to leathery; Level 3: leathery; Level 4: leathery with local softening; Level 5: soft. Scores were recorded at baseline, three and six months. Examiners were masked to the group assignment. RESULTS One hundred and thirty-five patients (test group: n = 67; control group: n = 68) with 318 identified root caries lesions were randomised. Five patients were lost to follow up, three in the test group and two in the control. The groups were similar at baseline. Overall there was no difference between the two groups for the overall HS (test group: HS = 3.4 ± 0.61; control group: HS = 3.4 ± 0.66; P = 0.8757, unpaired t-test). However the ANOVA revealed significantly better HS for the test group than for the control groups (T1: test group: HS = 2.9 ± 0.67; control group: HS = 3.1 ± 0.75; T2: test group: HS = 2.4 ± 0.81; control group: HS = 2.8 ± 0.79; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The application of a high-fluoride containing dentifrice (5000 ppm F) in adults, twice daily, significantly improves the surface hardness of otherwise untreated root caries lesions when compared with the use of regular fluoride containing (1350 ppm F) toothpastes. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors' institutions received per capita remunerations and the products used in this clinical trial, from Colgate-Palmolive Company. Roger P. Ellwood and Michael Warncke are employees of the Colgate-Palmolive Company.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Albert Yeung
- Department of Public Health, NHS Lanarkshire, Bothwell, Scotland, UK
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Ferro R, Besostri A, Giuca MR, Docimo R, Gatto R, Marzo G. The Italian perspective on fluoride intake in children and adolescents. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2014; 15:55-58. [PMID: 24745594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM This paper represents the outcome of the meetings of the Committee composed by Pedodontists (SIOI - Italian Society of Paediatric Dentistry) and Paediatricians (FIMP - Italian Association of Paediatricians) with the aim to share an evidence- based common approach in caries prevention during childhood and adolescence. The most important topic was an update on fluoride administration methods in order to minimise the risk of fluorosis and maximise its caries-preventive effect. CONCLUSION The conclusions of this work are exposed in a synoptic table.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ferro
- Surgery Department, Dental Unit, Cittadella Hospital, Health District No 15 'Alta Padovana' (Padua, Italy)
| | - A Besostri
- Surgery Department, Dental Unit, Cittadella Hospital, Health District No 15 'Alta Padovana' (Padua, Italy)
| | - M R Giuca
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Unit of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - R Docimo
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Italy
| | - R Gatto
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - G Marzo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences University of L'Aquila, Italy
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Makeeva IM, Tambovtseva NV. [Applying toothpaste and mouthwash BLUEM in complex oral care in patients with coronary heart disease]. Stomatologiia (Mosk) 2014; 93:18-20. [PMID: 24990780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
For patients with coronary heart disease oral hygiene and treatment of oral mucosa inflammatory changes and periodontal disease are of vital importance. Dental status assessment in 110 patients hospitalized in cardiology department revealed that they all suffered from periodontal disease, diseases of teeth and oral mucosa. In 100% of cases it was necessary to improve oral hygiene. Inclusion in everyday hygienic oral care of toothpaste and mouthwash Bluem reduced the severity of inflammatory changes and improved the hygienic condition of the oral cavity.
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Silin AV, Satygo EA, Sadal'skiĭ IS. [Efficacy of the caries preventive agents in children during mixed dentition period]. Stomatologiia (Mosk) 2014; 93:58-60. [PMID: 25377585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In this blind randomized study the results of the use of agents for dental caries prevention are presented. The study included 136 children of 7-12 years old, divided into four groups according to the used agent: 3M ESPE Clinpro XT Varnish (n=35), Multifluorid (n=37), Gluftored (n=23) and a control group (n=41) who was given the recommendations on individual oral hygiene with the use of fluoride toothpaste. The groups correlate to gender, age and the risk of dental caries development. Prevention efficacy was determined using the test of enamel resistance (painting of enamel area pretreated with acid). RESULTS the use of long-acting fluorine varnish 3M ESPE Clinpro XT Varnish statistically significantly increases enamel resistance in comparison with other fluorine agents. The effect of the agent is due to the possibility of long-term exposure to the tooth enamel.
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Veĭsgeĭm LD, Gavrikova LM, Dubacheva SM. [Using Mexidol Dent for prevention of oral mucosa disorders in patients with xerostomia]. Stomatologiia (Mosk) 2014; 93:15-17. [PMID: 24990779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate clinical efficiency of oral hygiene agents Mexidol Dent (Farmasoft) for prevention of oral mucosa diseases. Eighty-three xerostomia patients (55 female and 28 male) aged 44 to 62 years were included in the study and divided in 4 groups according to oral hygiene agents: toothpaste Mexidol Dent Fito (20 patients), mouthwash Mexidol Dent Professional (23 patients), both toothpaste and mouthwash (21 patients) and control group of 19 patients who were free to choose their own oral hygiene means. After one year of the study in the experimental groups oral mucosa disorders were revealed in 9.6% of cases, which is 2.7 times lower than in control group.
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de Moura MS, de Carvalho MM, Silva MCC, de Lima MDDM, de Deus Moura LDFA, de Melo Simplício AH. The impact of a dental program for maternal and infant health on the prevalence of dental fluorosis. Pediatr Dent 2013; 35:519-522. [PMID: 24553275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study's purpose was to investigate the prevalence of dental fluorosis in children, whose parents had participated in an oral health program when the children were between zero and three years old, residing in a city with fluoridated water. METHODS Group 1 consisted of 128 eight- to 12-year-olds whose parents had visited a program on at least five occasions when the children were zero to three years old and received education about tooth-brushing and the proper use of fluoridated toothpaste in this young age group. The prevalence of dental fluorosis in the permanent maxillary incisors, using the Thylstrup-Fejerskov index, in Group 1 was compared to that of an age-matched group of children (n=128) whose parents had not participated in the program (Group 2). RESULTS Group 1 mothers reported higher education levels (P<.05). Group 1 children had a significantly lower prevalence (∼42 percent) and severity (P<.05) of dental fluorosis than those in the control group (∼61 percent). CONCLUSION Children whose parents participated in a dental program that included counselling on the proper amount of fluoridated toothpaste when their children were between zero and three years old presented less frequently with dental fluorosis than a control group when examined at eight to 12 years old.
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Makeeva IM, Doroshina VI, Arakelian MG. [Xerostomia and means that facilitate its symptoms]. Stomatologiia (Mosk) 2013; 92:12-13. [PMID: 24300700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
There are a number of reasons that lead to inadequate salivation or complete cessation of salivation. Among others, one of the main can be systemic diseases like Sjögren's syndrome, and the use of medication and radiation therapy. When affected by Xerostomia, oral mucosa requires constant moisturizing. Medicaments stimulating saliva secretion and moisturizers for oral mucosa alleviate symptoms in most of the cases. LABORATORIOS KIN S.A. is a Spanish company offering a mouth moisturizing products' line, among others, KIN HIDRAT toothpaste and KIN HIDRAT spray with a formulation close to natural saliva.
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Myers W, Marcellin L. Are you brushing your teeth the wrong way? Todays FDA 2013; 25:18-19. [PMID: 23905273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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Nordström A, Birkhed D. Effect of a third application of toothpastes (1450 and 5000 ppm F), including a 'massage' method on fluoride retention and pH drop in plaque. Acta Odontol Scand 2013; 71:50-6. [PMID: 22320714 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2011.654238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to investigate fluoride (F) retention in plaque, saliva and pH drop in plaque using high-F toothpaste (5000 ppm F) or standard toothpaste (1450 ppm F) twice a day or 3-times a day. A method using the toothpaste as a 'lotion' and massaging the buccal surfaces with the fingertip was also evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The investigation had a randomized, single-blinded, cross-over design and 16 subjects participated in six brushing regimes: (1) 5000 ppm F; twice a day, (2) 5000 ppm; 3-times/day, (3) 5000 ppm; twice a day, plus the 'massage' method once a day, (4) 1450 ppm F; twice a day, (5) 1450 ppm; 3-times/day and (6) 1450 ppm; twice a day, plus the 'massage' method once a day. The outcome measure was F retention in plaque, saliva and the plaque-pH change after a sucrose rinse. RESULTS The highest F concentration was found using high-F toothpaste (No 1-3) and differed significantly from those with 1450 ppm (No 4-6). Brushing with high-F toothpaste 3-times a day (No 2) resulted in a 3.6-times higher F saliva value compared with standard toothpaste twice a day (No 4) (p < 0.001). Increasing the frequency of application, from twice to 3-times a day, increased the F retention in plaque significantly when the two methods for application 3-times a day were pooled (p < 0.05). Brushing with 5000 and 1450 ppm toothpastes twice a day plus the 'massage' once a day resulted in the same F concentration in saliva and plaque as brushing 3-times a day with the same paste. CONCLUSION A third application of toothpaste is increasing the F retention and toothpaste as a 'lotion' and massaging the buccal surfaces with the fingertip may be a simple and inexpensive way of delivering F a third time during the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nordström
- Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Makeeva IM, Turkina AI, Poliakova MA, Babina KS. [Parodontocid efficiency in complex treatment and prevention of gingivitis]. Stomatologiia (Mosk) 2013; 92:29-32. [PMID: 24429785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Antiplaque/antigingivitis effect of an alcohol-free mouthrinse Parodontocid were evaluated by randomized parallel group clinical trial. Sixty patients with gingivitis were clinically examined to determine PHP, RMNPI and PMA indexes. After professional dental prophylaxis, subjects were randomly assigned in two groups to 10 days oral hygiene program. Group 1 patients used only toothbrush and prophylactic toothpaste while in group 2 persons used Parodontocid in conjunction with normal brushing and flossing.Parodontocid significantly reduced plaque and gingivitis compared to negative control.
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Kulakov AA, Dmitrova AG. [Various toothpastes efficiency in children living in orphan institutions]. Stomatologiia (Mosk) 2013; 92:62-65. [PMID: 23994860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Oral hygiene in children living in orphan institutions is inadequate. Clinical and remineralising effect of various toothpastes was investigated in orphan children. This paper compares the results of toothpastes with fluoride, calcium and calcium-fluoride complex: "Brilard Professional. Best Friends", "Brilard Calcium ion", "The Tooth Fairy. Fluoride", "New Pearl. Calcium". Significant improvement of hygiene indices and reduction of periodontal inflammation was determined. The study proved the method of controlled tooth brushing to be highly effective in institutions for orphans.
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Campus G, Cagetti MG, Spano N, Denurra S, Cocco F, Bossù M, Pilo MI, Sanna G, García-Godoy F. Laboratory enamel fluoride uptake from fluoride products. Am J Dent 2012; 25:13-16. [PMID: 22558685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the fluoride concentration in enamel after the use of different fluoride products and 48 hours after the cessation of fluoride use. METHODS 16 enamel slabs were divided and treated for 15 days as following: Group A, with an amine fluoride toothpaste and mouthrinse (1400 and 250 mg/L(-1), respectively); Group B, with an amine fluoride toothpaste (1400 mg/L(-1)) and mouthrinse without fluoride; Group C, with a sodium fluoride toothpaste (1400 mg/L(-1)) and mouthrinse (250 mg/L(-1)). Chemical biopsy and multiple means were used to determine fluoride concentration. The data were statistically analyzed using the two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests (P<0.05). RESULTS After 15 days of fluoride product use, Group A samples had the highest fluoride uptake (0.19 microg mm(-2)) (P<0.05). 48 hours after the interruption of fluoride product usage, a higher fluoride concentration was found in Group A samples. Although all fluoride products led to an enamel uptake, amine fluoride products promoted the most effective long-term uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Campus
- Dental Institute, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/C I-07100 Sassari, Italy.
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Gromova SN, Rumiantsev VA. [Modern hygiene products impact on oral microbial, pH and mineral balance]. Stomatologiia (Mosk) 2012; 91:16-19. [PMID: 22810568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Several toothpastes are compared in the study: "Zhemchuzhnaya-complex protection" containing as abrasive substance finely dispersed dicalcium phosphate phosphathydrate, "Noviy zhemchug ftor" and "Zhemchug svezhaya myata" with calcium carbonate. "Zhemchuzhnaya-complex protection" and "Noviy zhemchug ftor" both contain sodium monophosphate as active substance. Impact of these toothpastes on oral microbial, pH and mineral balance was assessed in the study.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Xerostomia (the feeling of dry mouth) is a common symptom especially in older adults. Causes of dry mouth include medications, autoimmune disease (Sjögren's Syndrome), radiotherapy or chemotherapy for cancer, hormone disorders and infections. OBJECTIVES To determine which topical treatments for dry mouth are effective in reducing this symptom. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following electronic databases: the Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register (28 October 2011), The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library, Issue 4 2011), MEDLINE via OVID (1950 to 28 October 2011), EMBASE via OVID (1980 to 28 October 2011), CINAHL via EBSCO (1980 to 28 October 2011), AMED via OVID (1985 to 28 October 2011), CANCERLIT via PubMed (1950 to 28 October 2011). SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials of topical interventions such as lozenges, sprays, mouthrinses, gels, oils, chewing gum or toothpastes for the treatment of dry mouth symptom. We classified interventions into two broad categories, saliva stimulants and saliva substitutes, and these were compared with either placebo or another intervention. We included both parallel group and crossover trials. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two or more review authors independently carried out data extraction and assessed risk of bias. Trial authors were contacted for additional information as required. MAIN RESULTS Thirty-six randomised controlled trials involving 1597 participants met the inclusion criteria. Two trials compared saliva stimulants to placebo, nine trials compared saliva substitutes to placebo, five trials compared saliva stimulants directly with saliva substitutes, 18 trials directly compared two or more saliva substitutes, and two trials directly compared two or more saliva stimulants. Only one trial was at low risk of bias and 17 were at high risk of bias. Due to the range of interventions, comparisons and outcome measures in the trials, meta-analysis was possible for only a few comparisons. Oxygenated glycerol triester (OGT) saliva substitute spray shows evidence of effectiveness compared to an electrolyte spray (standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.38 to 1.15) which corresponds to approximately a mean difference of 2 points on a 10-point visual analogue scale (VAS) for mouth dryness. Both integrated mouthcare systems (toothpaste + gel + mouthwash) and oral reservoir devices show promising results but there is insufficient evidence at present to recommend their use. Although chewing gum is associated with increased saliva production in the majority of those with residual capacity, there is no evidence that gum is more or less effective than saliva substitutes. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is no strong evidence from this review that any topical therapy is effective for relieving the symptom of dry mouth. OGT spray is more effective than an aqueous electrolyte spray (SMD 0.77, 95% CI 0.38 to 1.15) which is approximately equivalent to a mean difference of 2 points on a 10-point VAS scale for mouth dryness. Chewing gums appear to increase saliva production in those with residual secretory capacity and may be preferred by patients, but there is no evidence that gum is better or worse than saliva substitutes. Integrated mouthcare systems and oral reservoir devices may be helpful but further research is required to confirm this. Well designed, adequately powered randomised controlled trials of topical interventions for dry mouth, which are designed and reported according to CONSORT guidelines, are required to provide evidence to guide clinical care. For many people the symptom of dry mouth is a chronic problem and trials should evaluate whether treatments are palatable, effective in reducing xerostomia, as well as the long-term effects of treatments on quality of life of those with chronic dry mouth symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Furness
- Cochrane Oral Health Group, School of Dentistry, The University of Manchester, Coupland III Building, Oxford Rd, Manchester, UK, M13 9PL
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Abstract
We describe the case of a 53-year-old woman who presented with a metatarsal fracture and was found to have a bone mineral density (BMD) T-score of +11 in the lumbar spine and +7.6 in the hip. Subsequent investigation revealed very high serum, urine and tissue fluoride levels, associated with excessive tea and toothpaste consumption. The case emphasises the need to exclude fluorosis in individuals with unexpectedly high BMD levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Joshi
- Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrookes Hospital NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK.
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Abstract
Caries incidence and prevalence have decreased significantly over the last few decades due to the widespread use of fluoride. However, an increase in the prevalence of dental fluorosis has been reported simultaneously in both fluoridated and non-fluoridated communities. Dental fluorosis occurs due to excessive fluoride intake during the critical period of tooth development. For the permanent maxillary central incisors, the window of maximum susceptibility to the occurrence of fluorosis is the first 3 years of life. Thus, during this time, a close monitoring of fluoride intake must be accomplished in order to avoid dental fluorosis. This review describes the main sources of fluoride intake that have been identified: fluoridated drinking water, fluoride toothpaste, dietary fluoride supplements and infant formulas. Recommendations on how to avoid excessive fluoride intake from these sources are also given.
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Vinnichenko IA, Popovkina OA, Dmitrova AG, Kupets TV, Sych MI. [Results of efficacy investigation of the toothpastes with natural compounds]. Stomatologiia (Mosk) 2011; 90:31-34. [PMID: 21983612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The examination of hard tissues, periodontal and hygiene indices was conducted in 56 patients to determine the efficacy of toothpastes with natural compounds. According to the results, the natural compounds did not alter the color of the hard tissues, but also improved the hygienic status and lessened the periodontal inflammation manifestation in the oral cavity.
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Li Y, Lee S, Zhang YP, Delgado E, DeVizio W, Mateo LR. Comparison of clinical efficacy of three toothpastes in reducing dentin hypersensitivity. J Clin Dent 2011; 22:113-120. [PMID: 22403987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to compare the clinical efficacy in reducing dentin hypersensitivity of a test toothpaste containing 8% strontium acetate and 1040 ppm fluoride as sodium fluoride (NaF) in a silica base, to a positive control toothpaste containing 8.0% arginine and 1450 ppm fluoride as sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP) in a calcium carbonate base, and a negative control toothpaste containing 1100 ppm fluoride as NaF in a silica base. METHODS Subjects identified with two hypersensitive teeth using the tactile (Yeaple Probe) and air blast (Schiff's Scale) hypersensitivity methods were assigned to their treatment group. There were 50 subjects per group. Subjects then self-applied the assigned toothpaste to their hypersensitive teeth using a fingertip, then brushed their teeth at home using the same toothpaste twice daily for seven days. Dentin hypersensitivity and oral tissues were evaluated at baseline, immediately after the single application, and after seven days. A chi-square analysis was conducted to examine the effects with respect to gender between treatments. Comparisons of the age and baseline hypersensitivity data among groups were performed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Within-treatment effects were analyzed using the paired t-test, while the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to determine the between-treatment effects. The post hoc Tukey's test was performed for the pair-wise comparisons using a significance level of alpha = 0.05. RESULTS All 150 subjects complied with the protocol and completed the study. The positive control toothpaste containing 8.0% arginine and 1450 ppm fluoride as MFP in a calcium carbonate base provided statistically significant improvements in mean tactile and air blast dentin hypersensitivity scores compared to the negative control toothpaste containing 1100 ppm fluoride as NaF in a silica base (p < 0.05). The toothpaste containing 8.0% arginine and 1450 ppm fluoride as MFP in a calcium carbonate base (positive control) also provided statistically significant improvements in mean tactile and air blast dentin hypersensitivity scores compared to the test toothpaste containing 8% strontium acetate and 1040 ppm fluoride as NaF in a silica base. The test toothpaste and the negative control toothpaste were not significantly different from each other. CONCLUSION The test toothpaste containing 8% strontium acetate and 1040 ppm fluoride as NaF in a silica base, when used for a single topical application and twice-daily brushing for seven days, does not provide statistically significant relief of dentin hypersensitivity compared to a negative control toothpaste containing 1100 ppm fluoride as NaF in a silica base. In contrast, the positive control toothpaste containing 8.0% arginine and 1450 ppm fluoride as MFP in a calcium carbonate base provided significantly reduced dentin hypersensitivity compared to the negative control toothpaste, and was significantly more effective than the test toothpaste containing 8% strontium acetate and 1040 ppm fluoride as NaF in a silica base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- Center for Dental Research, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
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Xie P, Lu J, Wan H, Hao Y. Effect of toothpaste containing d-limonene on natural extrinsic smoking stain: a 4-week clinical trial. Am J Dent 2010; 23:196-200. [PMID: 21250568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether natural smoking stain could be removed/inhibited effectively by a toothpaste containing 5% d-limonene. For comparison and contrast, the effects of d-limonene on tea stain were also assessed. METHODS The design was a randomized controlled double-blind trial with parallel groups. Toothpastes were: A: positive control with perlite whitening formulation; B: A+5% d-limonene; C: D + 5% d-limonene; D: negative control. The extrinsic stains were measured using Lobene Stain Index. Following baseline examination, all subjects were randomly assigned to one of the four toothpaste groups and instructed to brush with the assigned products twice daily. Subjects returned to the clinic after 4-week brushing for stain removal assessment, then all extrinsic stains, plaque and supragingival calculus were removed and use of assigned products was continued for another 4 weeks, and the stain scores were repeated for inhibition assessment. RESULTS A total of 408 subjects, 201 with smoking stains and 207 with tea stains, participated in the trial. 5% d-limonene combined with Perlite whitening formulation significantly reduced stain scores both for smoking stain removal and inhibition (P < 0.05). Furthermore, 5% d-limonene alone (in negative formulation) exhibited an additional advantage for smoking stain inhibition (P < 0.05), but the advantage was not found for long-standing smoking stain removal (P > 0.05). The additional advantage of 5% d-limonene was shown neither for removal nor for inhibition in the tea stain study (P > 0.05). All test products were well tolerated over the study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xie
- Implant Department, West China College of Stomatology, China
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Szabó G, Németh Z. [Use of "functional tooth paste," made with nanotechnology, in the treatment of oral mucosa diseases]. Fogorv Sz 2010; 103:39-41. [PMID: 20672750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The authors report their experience connected with the introduction of "functional toothpaste" in Hungary. This cream (gel), prepared with nanotechnology, contains vitamins C and E, propolis and various herb extracts. It is manufactured in South Korea and is commercially available in the USA, among others. It protects the gingiva, and its use is recommended in cases of diseases of the oral mucosa. The experience in Hungary indicates that it is well applicable after surgery in the oral cavity (it promotes wound healing), in cases involving processes in the oral cavity that heal with difficulty, and during the healing of burn wounds (e.g. after laser surgery). In view of the favourable experience, its distribution in Hungary can be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Szabó
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Arc-, Allcsont-, Szájsebészeti és Fogászati Klinika, Budapest
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Albertsson KW, van Dijken JWV. Awareness of toothbrushing and dentifrice habits in regularly dental care receiving adults. Swed Dent J 2010; 34:71-78. [PMID: 20701215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate toothbrushing and dentifrice habits in a Swedish adult population with relatively high caries frequency, which received regularly dental care and to evaluate the awareness of their toothbrush technique. Sixty adult participants with high caries frequency, 29 woman and 31 men, answered a self-reporting questionnaire with 42 questions concerning their oral care, brushing technique and -habits.The responses were related to their clinical behaviour observed during a customary toothbrushing session. Fifty-three participants fulfilled both the questionnaire and the clinical observation. Half of these used toothpaste containing 1450-1500 ppm fluoride but only one of all participants was aware of the fluoride concentration used. The majority used a manual toothbrush and 95% brushed their teeth twice a day using 0.9 g toothpaste. A wide range of brushing methods and habits was observed. Sixty percent did not brush systematically. Spitting of toothpaste-saliva during brushing was performed by 60% and after brushing by 15%.The observed brushing times were significantly higher than the self reported. The observed brushing times were <1 min: 3.4%, 1-2 min: 36.7% and >2 min: 47.0%. There was a significant correlation between observed brushing time and caries activity. Rinsing with water after brushing was performed once (32%) or twice (44%) during the observations. Only 9% rinsed with toothpaste slurry after brushing. It can be concluded that the awareness of the individual toothbrushing, post-brushing behaviour and the use of fluoride toothpaste was non-optimal in the adult participants. Oral health promotion by optimalized use of fluoride toothpaste and improved post-brushing behaviour should be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Wikén Albertsson
- Department of Odontology, Dental Hygienist Education, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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Time for tooth whitening? The eyes may be the windows of the soul, but teeth may also be the first thing others notice. Harv Womens Health Watch 2010; 17:6. [PMID: 20217960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Tay HL, Zainudin IS, Jaafar N. Fluoride toothpaste utilization behaviour among preschool children in Perlis, Malaysia. Community Dent Health 2009; 26:211-215. [PMID: 20088218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Very mild fluorosis is quite prevalent in children and one of the sources may be attributed to poor fluoride toothpaste utilization habits. AIM To investigate the frequency of toothbrushing, parental supervision, the person who usually applied the toothpaste, toothpaste swallowing and spitting habits, size of toothbrush, type of toothpaste used and amount of toothpaste used by shape and weight. METHODOLOGY Observational cross-sectional study of a representative random sample of 373 children aged 5-6 year-old. The children were interviewed using a structured close ended questionnaire. Direct observations were made on their toothpaste dispensing habit during a toothbrushing exercise. RESULTS All children reported practising toothbrushing with 90% on a daily basis. Almost all used fluoridated toothpaste (91.4%). About one-half (50.7%) reported that their parents never supervised them. More than one-third of children used adult toothpaste and 60.1% of the toothpaste was flavoured. Most (92%) used toothbrush meant for children. About 40% applied a pea-sized amount of toothpaste. The mean weight of toothpaste applied was 0.43 g (SID + 0.35 g). CONCLUSIONS The majority used the recommended child-sized toothbrush and toothpaste that contained fluoride but less than one-half of the parents supervised their children. Most children used flavoured children's toothpaste but a sizable proportion used toothpastes meant for adults. The amount applied by shape and weight exceeded the amount recommended by experts.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Tay
- Kangar Dental Clinic, Kangar Perlis, Malaysia.
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Bakuridze AD, Nikolaev SM, Tsurtsumiia IG, Berashvili DT. [Technology of production and biological activity of toothpaste from Rubus idaeus]. Georgian Med News 2009:100-103. [PMID: 19801745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Composition and the technology of manufacturing of toothpaste from extract of blackberry with anti-inflammatory activity have been developed. Toothpaste contains the following ingredients (g): Blackberry extract - 3.0 5.0 7.0 Aluminum hydroxide - 30,0 Glycerin - 10,0 Sodim carboxymethylcellulose - 1,5 Sodium laurilsulfate - 2,0 Calcium glycerophosphate - 1,5 Sodium monofluorophosphate - 1.0 Titanium dioxide - 1,0 Perfume - 1,0 Sorbit - 1,0 Purified water to 100 ml. Toothpaste containing 3%, 5% and 7% of blackberry extract possesses higher antioedemic activity and has mild influence on alteration and proliferation processes. This allows us to recommend researched toothpaste for application.
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Wiener RC, Crout RJ, Wiener MA. Toothpaste use by children, oral hygiene, and nutritional education: an assessment of parental performance. J Dent Hyg 2009; 83:141-145. [PMID: 19723433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine oral health habits and educational needs of children as reported by their parents or guardians attending a health fair in West Virginia. METHODS Parents and/or guardians completed a questionnaire about the oral hygiene care, food and beverage consumption of their children. They also demonstrated the amount of toothpaste applied to their children's toothbrush. Toothpaste samples were then weighed. RESULTS Eighty-seven parents or guardians participated. An average of 0.53 mg of toothpaste was dispensed per brushing, almost double the recommended amount. Most of the parents or guardians (75%) indicated their children had brushed twice the day prior to completing the questionnaire. Only 21% reported that their children's teeth had been flossed. Most children had a limited soda, sweet drinks, and fruit juice intake. CONCLUSIONS Participants were apparently knowledgeable about prevention, the need to limit sugary beverages, and the importance of brushing twice a day. They were not as knowledgeable about the need for flossing, providing fruits and vegetables to their children, the significance of not skipping a meal, or the appropriate amount of toothpaste use.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Constance Wiener
- Department of Dental Practice and Rural Health, West Virginia University School of Dentistry, Morgantown, WV, USA
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