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Lee JC, Lee KY, Kim J, Na CS, Jung NC, Chung GH, Jang YS. Extract from Rhus verniciflua Stokes is capable of inhibiting the growth of human lymphoma cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2004; 42:1383-8. [PMID: 15234068 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2004.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2003] [Accepted: 03/22/2004] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS), used as a food additive and a traditional herbal medicine, has both antioxidant and antitumor activities which are known to be closely associated with the polyphenolic compounds that it contains. In the present study, we purified a fraction from a crude acetone extract of RVS, named RCMF (RVS chloroform-methanol fraction), and evaluated its ability to scavenge free radicals and inhibit cell growth. In addition, the active compounds responsible for the activities were identified. Results showed that RCMF contained an antioxidant potential and strongly suppressed the proliferative capability of B lymphoma cells. RCMF-mediated suppression of cell growth was verified to be apoptotic, based on the increased DNA fragmentation and low fluorescence intensity in the nuclei after propidium iodide staining, and also on the appearance of DNA laddering. Finally, EI-MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectra confirmed that RCMF contained flavonoid derivatives, including protocatechuic acid, fustin, fisetin, sulfuretin, and butein, suggesting that these flavonoid derivatives are the main active compounds responsible for the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of RCMF.
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Yang CH, Shen SC, Lee JC, Wu PC, Hsueh SF, Lu CY, Meng CT, Hong HS, Yang LC. Seeing the gene therapy: application of gene gun technique to transfect and decolour pigmented rat skin with human agouti signalling protein cDNA. Gene Ther 2004; 11:1033-9. [PMID: 15164092 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We developed a gene gun method for the transfer of human agouti signalling protein (ASP) cDNA to alter rat skin colour in vivo. Human ASP cDNA was cloned into a modified cytomegalovirus plasmid and delivered to the skin of Long-Evans rats by gene gun bombardment. Skin pigmentation, body weight and blood sugar of ASP cDNA-transfected rats were recorded against the control group, which were injected with plasmids encoding for green fluorescent protein. The treated skin showed lighter skin colour after 3 days of ASP gene transfection. This depigmentation effect was most prominent on day 14 and the skin gradually returned to its original pigmentation by day 28. Successful transfection of ASP gene in skin and hair follicles, as well as downregulation of melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) and tyrosinase expression upon treatment, was confirmed using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Body weight and blood sugar in the treated rats did not show statistically significant differences as compared to control groups. These observations demonstrate that gene transfer using the gene gun method can induce high cutaneous ASP production and facilitate a switch from dark to fair colour without systemic pleiotropic effects. Such a colour switch may be that ASP is acting in a paracrine fashion. In addition, this study verifies that ASP exerts its functions by acting as an independent ligand that downregulates the melanocyte MC1R and tyrosinase protein in an in vivo system. Our result offers new, interesting insights about the effect of ASP on pigmentation, providing a novel approach to study the molecular mechanisms underlying skin melanogenesis.
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Hunt L, Otterhag L, Lee JC, Lasheen T, Hunt J, Seki M, Shinozaki K, Sommarin M, Gilmour DJ, Pical C, Gray JE. Gene-specific expression and calcium activation of Arabidopsis thaliana phospholipase C isoforms. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2004; 162:643-654. [PMID: 33873763 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
• PI-PLCs synthesise the calcium releasing second messenger IP3 . We investigated the expression patterns of the Arabidopsis PI-PLC gene family and measured in vitro activity of encoded enzymes. • Gene specific RT-PCR and promoter-GUS fusions were used to analyse AtPLC gene expression patterns. The five available AtPLC cDNAs were expressed as fusion proteins in Escherichia coli. • All members of the AtPLC gene family were expressed in multiple organs of the plant. AtPLC1, and AtPLC5 expression was localized to the vascular cells of roots and leaves with AtPLC5::GUS also detected in the guard cells. AtPLC4::GUS was detected in pollen and cells of the stigma surface. In seedlings, AtPLC2 and AtPLC3 were constitutively expressed, while AtPLCs 1, 4 and 5 were induced by abiotic stresses. AtPLC1-5 were all shown to have phospholipase C activity in the presence of calcium ions. • AtPLCs showed limited tissue specific expression and expression of at least three genes was increased by abiotic stress. The differing calcium sensitivities of recombinant AtPLC protein activities may provide a mechanism for generating calcium signatures.
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Hwang IK, Lee JC, Park SK, An SJ, Lee HY, Lee YB, Sohn HS, Lee IS, Kang TC, Won MH. Age-related change of somatostatin-immunoreactive neurones in the main olfactory bulb of the rat. Anat Histol Embryol 2004; 33:59-63. [PMID: 15027965 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0264.2003.00515.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Somatostatin is found in the olfactory system, including the main olfactory bulb (MOB), and is thought to be one of the neuroactive substances for olfaction. However, somatostatin immunoreactivity in the olfactory system has not been determined during ageing. Hence, we examined the age-related changes of somatostatin-immunoreactive (IR) neurones in the rat MOB over a period of 2 years, at the following various ageing stages: post-natal month 1 (PM 1), PM 3, PM 6, PM 12 and PM 24. In PM 1 group, a few somatostatin-IR neurones were detected in the granule cell layer (GCL), and had slender or oval somata and short processes. At PM 3, somatostatin-IR neurones were observed in the glomerular, external plexiform and GCL. The size of somatostatin-IR somata was larger than that at PM 1. In PM 6 group, the number and size of somatostatin-IR neurones increased, and their processes became longer while running in various directions. At PM 12, somatostatin-IR neurones increased in number, and their processes became markedly longer than those at PM 6. At this stage, somatostatin-IR neurones had multipolar somata, and were the largest in size. In PM 24 group, somatostatin-IR neurones were most numerous. However, the processes of somatostatin-IR neurones were shorter than those at PM 12. This study suggests that the increased number of somatostatin-IR neurones in the MOB of aged rats may play a role to compensate for any decrease of olfactory function.
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Ma J, Cocchiaro J, Lee JC. Evaluation of Serotypes of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Used in the Production of a Bovine Mastitis Bacterin. J Dairy Sci 2004; 87:178-82. [PMID: 14765825 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(04)73156-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The five Staphylococcus aureus strains used in the manufacture of a commercially available bacterin were examined for capsular and surface polysaccharide serotypes. Double immunodiffusion assays of antigenic extracts of test and reference strains with monospecific typing sera to capsular serotypes 1, 2, 5, and 8 and to surface polysaccharide serotype 336 were performed to detect the specific reactivities and antigenic relationships of test samples. Antigenic extracts of two S. aureus strains reacted with antibodies to serotype 8, but not with antibodies to serotype 5, by producing specific precipitin lines. A third strain reacted with monospecific antibodies to serotype 5 and not with the antibodies to serotype 8. The extracts of two other strains failed to exhibit any detectable reaction with antiserum to serotypes 1, 2, 5, or 8. Antibodies to serotype 336, however, precipitated an identical, specific 336 antigen from the antigenic extracts of these two nontypeable strains. Thus, S. aureus bacterin includes one serotype 5, two serotype 8, and two serotype 336 strains, the three predominant serotypes responsible for bovine mastitis.
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Yang CH, Lee JC, Chen CH, Hui CY, Hong HS, Kuo HW. Photodynamic therapy for bowenoid papulosis using a novel incoherent light-emitting diode device. Br J Dermatol 2003; 149:1297-9. [PMID: 14674917 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2003.05661.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lee JC, Park HR, Park DJ, Lee HB, Kim YB, Kim CJ. Improved production of teicoplanin using adsorbent resin in fermentations. Lett Appl Microbiol 2003; 37:196-200. [PMID: 12904219 DOI: 10.1046/j.1472-765x.2003.01374.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To use adsorbent resins in fermentations to eliminate toxic effects on growth, reduce feedback repression of production and assist in recovery of teicoplanin. METHODS AND RESULTS An adsorbent resin was added to the culture broth for the adsorption of teicoplanin. Amberlite XAD-16, Diaion HP-20, charcoal and silica gel were investigated as adsorbent resins. The adsorbed teicoplanin was extracted from the resin by 80% methanol after fermentation. Antibiotic activity was quantified by the disc-agar diffusion assay against Bacillus substilis, and qualitative evaluations were based on HPLC using YMC-Pack ODS-A column. Diaion HP-20 was the most effective adsorbent resin when added at a concentration of 5% (w/v) in the inoculation stage. CONCLUSIONS Addition of Diaion HP-20 in fermentations eliminated toxic effects on growth and reduced feedback repression of teicoplanin by adsorption. There was a 4.2-fold increase in the quantities of teicoplanin. Addition of adsorbent assisted in the recovery of teicoplanin by reducing the recovery steps. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The results of this study provide useful information for the production of teicoplanin, a glycopeptide antibiotic produced by Actinoplanes teicomyceticus. Addition of adsorbent in fermentation increased productivity of teicoplanin by more than five times.
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Son YO, Kim J, Lim JC, Chung Y, Chung GH, Lee JC. Ripe fruit of Solanum nigrum L. inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2003; 41:1421-8. [PMID: 12909277 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-6915(03)00161-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Solanum nigrum L. (SNL) has been traditionally used as a herbal plant, whose fruit is believed to have anti-tumor properties, although the mechanism for the activity remains to be elucidated. In this study, we prepared an ethanol extract from ripe fruits of SNL and investigated the mechanism involved in its growth-inhibitory effect on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Results from proliferation assay using tritium uptake showed that the proliferative capacity of MCF-7 cells was strongly suppressed in the presence of SNL ethanol extract. This was further confirmed through MTT assay and trypan blue exclusion experiments, which showed a very close correlation between the SNL extract concentration and the surviving cell numbers. The SNL extract-mediated suppression of cell growth was verified to be apoptotic, based on the appearance of DNA laddering, increase in DNA fragmentation, and low fluorescence intensity in nuclei after propidium iodide staining of the cells. Furthermore, the SNL extract was revealed to be a potential scavenger of hydroxyl radicals and DPPH radicals rather than superoxide anions. Collectively, our findings suggest that SNL fruit extract could be used as an anti-oxidant and cancer chemo-preventive material.
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Shan YS, Hsu HP, Hsieh YH, Sy ED, Lee JC, Lin PW. Significance of intraoperative peritoneal culture of fungus in perforated peptic ulcer. Br J Surg 2003; 90:1215-9. [PMID: 14515289 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.4267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The incidence of postoperative fungal infection is increasing and the gastrointestinal tract is the major source, but antifungal therapy in perforated peptic ulcer (PPU) is still controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the significance of intraoperative peritoneal fluid culture of fungus and establish the indications for treatment.
Methods
Between July 1997 and September 2001, all patients admitted with a PPU were studied. Clinical data and peritoneal fluid for culture were collected. Risk factors for a positive peritoneal fluid culture of fungus and outcome were evaluated, and related to the development of surgical site infection, duration of hospital stay and mortality rate.
Results
One hundred and forty-five patients with a PPU were included; 63 (43·4 per cent) had positive peritoneal fluid fungal culture. Age, preoperative organ failure, delay in operation, high Mannheim Peritonitis Index (MPI) and Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores, and preoperative antibiotic therapy were risk factors for a positive fungal culture. Sex and an MPI score of 20 or more remained significant in multivariate analysis (P < 0·001). Patients with a positive fungal culture had a higher incidence of surgical site infection, a longer hospital stay and a significantly higher mortality rate, especially when this was combined with a high MPI score.
Conclusion
Positive peritoneal fungal culture was common and was a significant risk factor for adverse outcome in patients with a PPU. A high MPI score could be used as an indicator for prophylactic antifungal therapy.
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Rho YR, Choi H, Lee JC, Choi SW, Chung YM, Lee HS, Hwang CM, Lee HS, Ahn SS, Lee RY, Son HS, Choi MJ, Baek KJ, Kim JS, Suh GJ, Won YS, Sun K, Min BG. Applications of the pulsatile flow versatile ECLS: in vivo studies. Int J Artif Organs 2003; 26:428-35. [PMID: 12828310 DOI: 10.1177/039139880302600509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION T-PLS (Twin-Pulse Life Support) is the first commercial pulsatile ECLS (Extra Corporeal Life Support) device (1). The dual sac structure of T-PLS can effectively reduce high membrane oxygenator inlet pressure and hemolysis. To verify both the use of T-PLS for ECLS and the advantages of T-PLS, we tested various models. METHOD AND RESULTS In the partial CPB (cardio pulmonary bypass) model (swine), T-PLS (N = 6), and Biopump (N = 2), a single pulsatile pump (N = 2), were compared. In the case of single pulsatile flow, during pump systole, pressure increased to 700 - 800 mmHg at the inlet port of the membrane oxygenator. fHb, a hemolysis measurement value, was about 80 mg/dL at 3 hours. On the contrary, because of T-PLS's dual sac system, the pressure of T-PLS had a maximum value of about 250 mmHg and fHb was similar to that of the commercial centrifugal pumps. In the total CPB model (bovine, N = 6), the heart was stopped via cardioplegia (Kcl). T-PLS flow was maintained at 3.0-4.5 L/min. T-PLS functioned like a natural heart, having a pulse pressure of 26-43 mmHg and a pulse rate of 40-60 bpm (beats per minute). In the emergency case model (canine, N = 6), T-PLS was started 10 minutes after cardiac arrest from electronic shock. In spite of cardiac arrest for a period of 40 minutes, the heart was recovered after defibrillation. In the ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) model (canine, N = 6), minimal ventilator parameters were set: tidal volume 130 ml, respiration rate = bpm, FiO2 = 10%. Three hours after starting T-PLS, PO2 of the carotid artery blood (after 2 hours: 195 +/- 89.4; after 3 hours: 258 +/- 99.3 mmHg) was above half the value of the femoral artery but was within normal range. CONCLUSION It is suggested that a portable pulsatile ECLS like T-PLS may be used as a CPB device and as an alternative CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) device in the case of cardiac arrest. Due to the pulsatile flow, oxygenated blood is delivered to the patient without overloading the ARDS patients heart.
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Chen S, Zhang L, Bryant RM, Vincent GM, Flippin M, Lee JC, Brown E, Zimmerman F, Rozich R, Szafranski P, Oberti C, Sterba R, Marangi D, Tchou PJ, Chung MK, Wang Q. KCNQ1 mutations in patients with a family history of lethal cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death. Clin Genet 2003; 63:273-82. [PMID: 12702160 PMCID: PMC1579805 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2003.00048.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is the prototype of the cardiac ion channelopathies which cause syncope and sudden death. LQT1, due to mutations of KCNQ1 (KVLQT1), is the most common form. This study describes the genotype-phenotype characteristics in 10 families with mutations of KCNQ1, including 5 novel mutations. One hundred and two families with a history of lethal cardiac events, 55 LQTS, 9 Brugada syndrome, 18 idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF), and 20 acquired LQTS, were studied by single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) and DNA sequence analyzes. Families found to have KCNQ1 mutations were phenotyped using ECG parameters and cardiac event history, and genotype-phenotype correlation was performed. No mutations were found in Brugada syndrome, IVF, or acquired LQTS families. Ten out of 55 LQTS families had KCNQ1 mutations and 62 carriers were identified. Mutations included G269S in domain S5; W305X, G314C, Y315C, and D317N in the pore region; A341E and Q357R in domain S6; and 1338insC, G568A and T587M mutations in the C-terminus. W305X, G314C, Q357R, 1338insC, and G568A, appeared to be novel mutations. Gene carriers were 26 +/- 19 years (32 females). Baseline QTc was 0.47 +/- 0.03 s (range 0.40-0.57 s) and 40% had normal to borderline QTc (< or = 0.46 s). Typical LQT1 T wave patterns were present in at least one affected member of each family, and in 73% of all affected members. A history of cardiac events was present in 19/62 (31%), 18 with syncope, 2 with aborted cardiac arrest (ACA) and six with sudden death (SD). Two out of 6 SDs (33%) occurred as the first symptom. No difference in phenotype was evident in pore vs. non-pore mutations. KCNQ1 mutations were limited to LQTS families. All five novel mutations produced a typical LQT1 phenotype. Findings emphasize (1) reduced penetrance of QTc and symptoms, resulting in diagnostic challenges, (2) the problem of sudden death as the first symptom (33% of those who died), and (3) genetic testing is important for identification of gene carriers with reduced penetrance, in order to provide treatment and to prevent lethal cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death.
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Park JC, Lee JC, Oh JY, Jeong YW, Cho JW, Joo HS, Lee WK, Lee WB. Antibiotic selective pressure for the maintenance of antibiotic resistant genes in coliform bacteria isolated from the aquatic environment. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2003; 47:249-253. [PMID: 12639037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Coliform bacteria isolated from the aquatic environment were investigated for antibiotic susceptibility and detailed structures of class 1 integrons. A high proportion of isolates were found to be resistant to sulfamethoxazole, aminoglycosides, and beta-lactams. The 750 (53.6%) isolates were resistant to one or more of the antibiotics tested out of 1,400 coliform bacteria. Based on the MIC of antibiotics and antibiogram, 150 isolates were selected and further studied for class 1 integrons. The intI1 gene was found in 36 (24.0%) of the 150 isolates. Twelve isolates carried the gene cassettes responsible for antibiotic resistance, while no gene cassettes were found in 24 isolates. Seven different genes, dfrA5, dfrA7, dfrA12, dfrA17, aaA2, aaA5, and aad(3'), were detected in gene cassettes. The dfrA and aad genes located on class 1 integrons were responsible for resistance to trimethoprim and aminoglycosides. The remaining 24 coliform bacteria had the incomplete or non-functional class 1 integrons. These results indicated that antibiotic selective pressures may play an important role to maintain gene cassettes of class 1 integrons and in the absence of sustained antibiotic pressures, such as the aquatic environment, coliform bacteria may carry empty or non-functional class 1 integrons.
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Fisher E, Rudick RA, Simon JH, Cutter G, Baier M, Lee JC, Miller D, Weinstock-Guttman B, Mass MK, Dougherty DS, Simonian NA. Eight-year follow-up study of brain atrophy in patients with MS. Neurology 2002; 59:1412-20. [PMID: 12427893 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000036271.49066.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize whole-brain atrophy in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients over an 8-year period. The specific goals of this study were to determine if brain atrophy is related to subsequent disability status and to identify MRI correlates of atrophy progression. METHODS A follow-up study was conducted to reassess patients from a phase III trial of interferon beta-1a (IFNbeta-1a) 8 years after randomization. Clinical and MRI data from 172 patients followed over 2 years in the original trial were used as baseline data. Follow-up data were obtained on 160 patients, including 134 patients with follow-up MRI examinations. Brain atrophy was estimated by automated calculation of brain parenchymal fraction. The relation between atrophy during the original trial and disability status at follow-up was determined. Correlations were also determined between lesion measurements from the original trial and the brain parenchymal fraction at follow-up. RESULTS Brain atrophy was correlated with subsequent disability status. Atrophy rate during the original trial was the most significant MRI predictor of disability status at follow-up. Brain atrophy at follow-up was related to lesion volumes measured during the original trial. CONCLUSIONS The relation between atrophy progression and subsequent neurologic disability status suggests that atrophy progression during RRMS is clinically relevant. Therefore, atrophy progression may be a useful marker for disease progression in clinical trials. The relation between lesions and subsequent atrophy indicates that brain atrophy may be related to focal tissue damage at earlier points in time, but important predisposing or other factors contributing to atrophy remain undefined.
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Kang YK, Park YH, Ryoo BY, Bang YJ, Cho KS, Shin DB, Kim HC, Lee KH, Park YS, Lee KS, Heo DS, Kim SY, Cho EK, Lim HY, Kim WK, Lee JA, Kim TY, Lee JC, Yoon HJ, Kim NK. Ramosetron for the prevention of cisplatin-induced acute emesis: a prospective randomized comparison with granisetron. J Int Med Res 2002; 30:220-9. [PMID: 12166338 DOI: 10.1177/147323000203000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of nausea and vomiting is very important in determining patient compliance with cisplatin chemotherapy. A multicentre, randomized, single-blind study was conducted to compare the tolerability and efficacy of ramosetron with those of granisetron over 24 h following cisplatin administration to cancer patients. In eight study centres, a total of 194 adult patients were randomly assigned to receive either intravenous ramosetron 0.3 mg or intravenous granisetron 3.0 mg. The anti-emetic effect of ramosetron determined from the no-vomiting rate lasted longer, but there was no significant difference in the number of acute vomiting episodes or the severity of nausea between the two groups. In the tolerability evaluation, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups, except for a higher incidence of dull headache in the granisetron group. Ramosetron and granisetron appear to have equivalent efficacy and tolerability profiles, but the effects of ramosetron on the prevention of acute vomiting in patients undergoing cisplatin chemotherapy were longer lasting.
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Lee JC, Wang ST, Chow NH, Yang HB. Investigation of the prognostic value of coexpressed erbB family members for the survival of colorectal cancer patients after curative surgery. Eur J Cancer 2002; 38:1065-71. [PMID: 12008194 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(02)00004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), erbB2, erbB3 and erbB4 are four transmembrane glycoproteins belonging to the subtype I tyrosine kinases. They share structure homologies and are believed to direct cellular growth through the ligand-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of intracellular substrate. The overexpression of these tyrosine kinases has been linked to various cancers. To examine the role of the erbB family in the neoplastic transformation of the human colon, we analysed the protein expression of these four members by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded specimens from 125 resected colorectal cancers. Our data showed that for EGFR expression, 62 (50%) were scored as '+', and 2 (2%) as '++'. For erbB2 expression, 39 (31%) were classified as '+', and 5 (4%) as '++'. For erbB3 expression, 43 (34%) were scored as '+', and 3 (2%) as '++'. A significantly higher percentage of overexpressed erbB3 was observed in early stage carcinomas (Dukes' stage A or B) (50%) than in advanced stage cancers (Dukes' stage C or D) (15%) (P<0.0001). For erbB4 expression, 22 (18%) were scored as '+', and 5 (4%) as '++'. Early stage patients had a lower percentage of erbB4 overexpression than the late stage ones (18% versus 28%). Concomitant overexpression of erbB2 and erbB3 occurred in 21% (16/78) of the early stage carcinomas, whereas it occurred in only 2% (1/47) of the late stage ones (P=0.003). Conversely, simultaneous overexpression of erbB2 and erbB4 occurred in 17% (8/47) of the late stage carcinomas but in only 4% (3/78) of the early stage ones (P=0.02). Overexpression of EGFR, erbB2, erbB3 or erbB4 alone was not significantly associated with a shortened survival. However, patients with a simultaneous overexpression of erbB2 and erbB4 had a shorter overall survival time than others in the univariate analysis (P=0.01). This significance disappeared after adjustment for Dukes' staging in the Cox model. In conclusion, overexpressed erbB3 was common in early stage colorectal cancers, but its prevalence was significantly reduced in late stage ones. The percentage of its coexpression with erbB2 was significantly higher in early stage than in late-stage cancers. Heterodimerisation between erbB2 and erbB4 may play a role in the late stages of carcinogenesis.
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Ransohoff RM, Wei T, Pavelko KD, Lee JC, Murray PD, Rodriguez M. Chemokine expression in the central nervous system of mice with a viral disease resembling multiple sclerosis: roles of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and viral persistence. J Virol 2002; 76:2217-24. [PMID: 11836399 PMCID: PMC153814 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.76.5.2217-2224.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During the first 45 days after intracerebral infection with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV), the levels of mRNAs encoding chemokines MCP-1/CCL2, RANTES/CCL5, and IP-10/CXCL10 in the central nervous system (CNS) are closely related to the sites of virus gene expression and tissue inflammation. In the present study, these chemokines were monitored during the latter 135 days of a 6-month course of TMEV-induced disease in susceptible (PLJ) or resistant (C57BL/6) mice that possessed or lacked either CD4+ or CD8+ T cells. These data were additionally correlated to mouse genotype, virus persistence in the CNS, antiviral antibody titers, mortality, and the severity of neurological disease. Surprisingly, the major determinant of chemokine expression was virus persistence: the factors of susceptible or resistant genotype, severity of neuropathology, and presence or absence of regulatory T cells exerted minimal effects. Our observations indicated that chemokine expression in the CNS in this chronic viral disorder was intrinsic to the CNS innate immune response to infection and was not governed by elements of the adaptive immune system.
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Min BG, Rho YR, Lee HS, Hwang CM, Choi SW, Lee JC, Choi H, Sun K, Son HS, Lee HS, Oh HJ, Ahn SS, Baek KJ, Won YS. T-PLS NEW PULSATILE BLOOD PUMP TECHNOLOGY FROM CARDIAC ARREST TO HEART RECOVERY. ASAIO J 2002. [DOI: 10.1097/00002480-200203000-00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Adams JL, Badger AM, Kumar S, Lee JC. p38 MAP kinase: molecular target for the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2002; 38:1-60. [PMID: 11774793 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Lee JC, Surridge DHC. Erectile dysfunction: The perspectives of patients and partners on counselling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.4172/1488-5069.1000023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cho JW, Jeong YW, Kim KS, Oh JY, Park JC, Lee JC, Baek WK, Suh SI, Suh MH. p21(WAF1) is associated with CDK2 and CDK4 protein during HL-60 cell differentiation by TPA treatment. Cell Prolif 2001; 34:267-74. [PMID: 11591175 PMCID: PMC6495204 DOI: 10.1046/j.0960-7722.2001.00208.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TPA-treated HL-60 cells are mainly arrested in G1 by p21(WAF1) accumulation. We investigate the downstream changes following such accumulation. Increased p21(WAF1) is associated with CDK2 and CDK4. pRb is dephosphorylated in the presence of p21-CDK2/4 complexes, and the Rb-E2F1 complex increases after TPA treatment, whereas the Rb-HDAC1 complex decreases slightly. Our results suggest that increased p21(WAF1) is associated with CDK2/4, and that these complexes induce pRb dephosphorylation. In turn, hypophosphorylated pRb are mainly complexed with E2F1, but HDAC1 appears not to be a key component in this process.
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Lee JC, Discher DE. Deformation-enhanced fluctuations in the red cell skeleton with theoretical relations to elasticity, connectivity, and spectrin unfolding. Biophys J 2001; 81:3178-92. [PMID: 11720984 PMCID: PMC1301778 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(01)75954-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess local elasticity in the red cell's spectrin-actin network, nano-particles were tethered to actin nodes and their constrained thermal motions were tracked. Cells were both immobilized and controllably deformed by aspiration into a micropipette. Since the network is well-appreciated as soft, thermal fluctuations even in an unstressed portion of network were expected to be many tens of nanometers based on simple equipartition ideas. Real-time particle tracking indeed reveals such root-mean-squared motions for 40-nm fluorescent beads either tethered to actin directly within a cell ghost or connected to actin from outside a cell via glycophorin. Moreover, the elastically constrained displacements are significant on the scale of the network's internodal distance of approximately 60-80 nm. Surprisingly, along the aspirated projection-where the network is axially extended by as much as twofold or more-fluctuations in the axial direction are increased by almost twofold relative to motions in the unstressed network. The molecular basis for such strain softening is discussed broadly in terms of force-driven transitions. Specific considerations are given to 1) protein dissociations that reduce network connectivity, and 2) unfolding kinetics of a localized few of the red cell's approximately 10(7) spectrin repeats.
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Adams JL, Boehm JC, Gallagher TF, Kassis S, Webb EF, Hall R, Sorenson M, Garigipati R, Griswold DE, Lee JC. Pyrimidinylimidazole inhibitors of p38: cyclic N-1 imidazole substituents enhance p38 kinase inhibition and oral activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:2867-70. [PMID: 11597418 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00570-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of a series of N-1-cycloalkyl-4-aryl-5-(pyrimidin-4-yl)imidazole inhibitors of p38 kinase is reported. Oral administration of inhibitors possessing a cyclohexan-4-ol or piperidin-4-yl group at N-1 in combination with alkoxy, amino(alkyl), phenoxy and anilino substitution at the 2-position of the pyrimidine was found to potently inhibit LPS-induced TNF in mice and rats. The selectivity of these new inhibitors for p38 kinase versus eight other protein kinases is high and in all cases exceeds that of SB 203580.
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Yoon SJ, Lee JC, Kang JO, Lee SG, Heo DS. Anti-tumor effect associated with down-regulation of MHC class 1 antigen after co-transfection of GM-CSF and IFN-gamma genes in CT26 tumor cells. Anticancer Res 2001; 21:4031-9. [PMID: 11911288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that co-expression of GM-CSF and IFN-gamma genes in tumors induces a synergistic anti-tumor effect. Interestingly, we have used flow cytometry to identify two kinds of populations of CT26 cells that co-express GM-CSF and IFN-gamma genes: one population (CT26/G/I-down) that expresses very low levels of MHC class I and a second population (CT26/G/I-up) that expresses high levels of H-2Kd antigen. We have compared the anti-tumor effect between CT26/I-up and CT26/G/I-down cells. When wild-type (wt) CT26 cells were injected subcutaneously into Balb/c mice, tumor was formed 5-7 days after injection. However, when both CT26/G/I-up and CT26/G/I-down cells were injected, we did not identify any tumor. The protection' study showed that both CT26/G/I-up and CT26/G/I-down. cells could induce systemic immunity against secondary challenge with unmodified parental tumor cell. CT26/G/I-down cells showed normal expression of the heavy chain of MHC class I (HC), beta2-microglobulin (beta2m) and the TAP gene. Furthermore, in CT26/G/I-down cell, although the MHC molecules were detected normally in the cytoplasmic fraction, no message was detected in the membrane fraction. Pulse-chase experiments showed that class I antigen was normally synthesized like wt CT26 or CT26/G/I-up cells. Based on our results, non-MHC restricted immune effectors might play the major role in synergistic anti-tumor effects with co-expression of GM-CSF and IFN-gamma in CT26 tumor model.
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Cunnion KM, Lee JC, Frank MM. Capsule production and growth phase influence binding of complement to Staphylococcus aureus. Infect Immun 2001; 69:6796-803. [PMID: 11598052 PMCID: PMC100057 DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.11.6796-6803.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement-mediated opsonization of bacteria by C3 binding is an important component of the host innate immune system. Little information is available concerning the interaction between complement proteins and capsule type 5 and 8 Staphylococcus aureus strains, even though these isolates are responsible for approximately 70% of human staphylococcal infections. To investigate the importance of an intact complement pathway in an experimental staphylococcal infection, control and C3-depleted mice were challenged intravenously with 10(7) CFU of a serotype 5 S. aureus isolate. Whereas only 8% of the control mice succumbed to the infection, 64% of the complemented-depleted animals died. In vitro parameters of C3 binding to two heavily encapsulated (CP++) strains, three encapsulated (CP+) strains, and an isogenic capsule-negative (CP-) mutant were examined. The alternative pathway contributed 90% of C3 binding in 20% serum at 30 min, whereas it accounted for only 13% of C3 binding in 2% serum. Stationary-phase organisms bound only 10% as much C3 as mid-log-phase organisms; this was only in part due to capsule. When the S. aureus strains were cultivated on solid medium, the CP++ isolates bound 50% less C3 than CP+ strains; a CP+ strain bound 42% less C3 than the CP- mutant. Both C3b and iC3b fragments of C3 bound to S. aureus cells, and about one-third of the bound C3 was shed from the staphylococcal surface as iC3b, regardless of the CP phenotype of the strain. Thus, the phase of growth and presence of capsule are critical to opsonization.
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Kuo AY, Lee JC, Siegel PB, Denbow DM. Differential cardiovascular effects of pharmacological agents in chickens selected for high and low body weight. Physiol Behav 2001; 74:573-9. [PMID: 11790417 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9384(01)00624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate whether there are differences in the autonomic nervous system function of chickens from lines selected for high (HWS) or low body weight (LWS). The cardiovascular response to various pharmacological agents was used as an indicator of autonomic nervous system response. Ten individuals from each line and sex were used in the study. Catheters were introduced into the left brachial artery and vein and connected to a MP100-BIOPAC system to record blood pressure and heart rate (HR). Chickens were injected with phenylephrine, atropine, propranolol, and tetraethylammonium chloride (TEAC). The LWS birds exhibited a greater increase in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and a lesser increase in HR than the HWS birds following atropine. The response to atropine showed a line and sex interaction in which male birds had a greater increase in HR than females and LWS females had a lower increase in HR than the HWS females. Injection of phenylephrine following pretreatment with atropine caused a baroreceptor reflex in which males showed a greater decrease in HR than females. In response to the beta-adrenergic receptor blocker propranolol, females displayed a greater decrease in MABP than males and LWS birds had a greater decrease in HR than HWS birds. In response to the autonomic ganglionic blocker TEAC, MABP and HR decreased equally in both lines. The percentage of adrenal and sympathetic impact on regulation of HR showed that LWS females required greater adrenal activity than those from the other subclasses. Although changes in HR and MABP ratios in response to phenylephrine were different between lines, these responses were not different when phenylephrine was given following atropine. This pattern of response suggested that HWS birds had greater parasympathetic nervous system activity in order to maintain cardiovascular function. These results demonstrate that selection for HWS or LWS has resulted in greater parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system tone in birds from the HWS and LWS birds, respectively, and suggest that differences between the lines could be at the level of the chromaffin tissue in the adrenal gland.
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