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Knowles LG, Armanious AJ, Peng Y, Welsh WJ, James MH. Recent advances in drug discovery efforts targeting the sigma 1 receptor system: Implications for novel medications designed to reduce excessive drug and food seeking. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 8:100126. [PMID: 37753198 PMCID: PMC10519676 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders characterized by uncontrolled reward seeking, such as substance use disorders (SUDs), alcohol use disorder (AUD) and some eating disorders, impose a significant burden on individuals and society. Despite their high prevalence and substantial morbidity and mortality rates, treatment options for these disorders remain limited. Over the past two decades, there has been a gradual accumulation of evidence pointing to the sigma-1 receptor (S1R) system as a promising target for therapeutic interventions designed to treat these disorders. S1R is a chaperone protein that resides in the endoplasmic reticulum, but under certain conditions translocates to the plasma membrane. In the brain, S1Rs are expressed in several regions important for reward, and following translocation, they physically associate with several reward-related GPCRs, including dopamine receptors 1 and 2 (D1R and D2R). Psychostimulants, alcohol, as well as palatable foods, all alter expression of S1R in regions important for motivated behavior, and S1R antagonists generally decrease behavioral responses to these rewards. Recent advances in structural modeling have permitted the development of highly-selective S1R antagonists with favorable pharmacokinetic profiles, thus providing a therapeutic avenue for S1R-based medications. Here, we provide an up-to-date overview of work linking S1R with motivated behavior for drugs of abuse and food, as well as evidence supporting the clinical utility of S1R antagonists to reduce their excessive consumption. We also highlight potential challenges associated with targeting the S1R system, including the need for a more comprehensive understanding of the underlying neurobiology and careful consideration of the pharmacological properties of S1R-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam G. Knowles
- Harpur School of Arts and Sciences, Binghamton University, Vestal, NY, USA
| | - Abanoub J. Armanious
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University and Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University and Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Youyi Peng
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - William J. Welsh
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University and Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Morgan H. James
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University and Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University and Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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2
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Gao RD, Taylor M, McInnis T, Chen Z, Gori SS, LaPorte HM, Siegler MA, Neisewander JL, Mach RH, Singh M, Slusher BS, Rais R, Luedtke RR, Tsukamoto T. Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of a Difluorinated Analogue of Reduced Haloperidol as a Sigma-1 Receptor Ligand. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:947-957. [PMID: 36780706 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced haloperidol (1) was previously reported to act as a potent sigma-1 receptor (S1R) ligand with substantially lower affinity to the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) compared to haloperidol. It was also found to facilitate brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) secretion from astrocytic glial cell lines in a sigma-1 receptor (S1R)-dependent manner. Although an increase in BDNF secretion may have beneficial effects in some neurological conditions, the therapeutic utility of reduced haloperidol (1) is limited because it can be oxidized back to haloperidol in the body, a potent dopamine D2 receptor antagonist associated with well-documented adverse effects. A difluorinated analogue of reduced haloperidol, (±)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(3,3-difluoro-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-hydroxybutyl)piperidin-4-ol (2), was synthesized in an attempt to minimize the oxidation. Compound (±)-2 was found to exhibit high affinity to S1R and facilitate BDNF release from mouse brain astrocytes. It was also confirmed that compound 2 cannot be oxidized back to the corresponding haloperidol analogue in liver microsomes. Furthermore, compound 2 was distributed to the brain following intraperitoneal administration in mice and reversed the learning deficits in active avoidance tasks. These findings suggest that compound 2 could serve as a promising S1R ligand with therapeutic potential for the treatment of cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Duo Gao
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Michelle Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, United States
| | - Tamara McInnis
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, United States
| | - Zhenglan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, United States
| | - Sadakatali S Gori
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Heather M LaPorte
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
| | - Maxime A Siegler
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Janet L Neisewander
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Robert H Mach
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Meharvan Singh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Rana Rais
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Robert R Luedtke
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, United States
| | - Takashi Tsukamoto
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
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Song L, Bekdash R, Morikawa K, Quejada JR, Klein AD, Aina-Badejo D, Yoshida K, Yamamoto HE, Chalan A, Yang R, Patel A, Sirabella D, Lee TM, Joseph LC, Kawano F, Warren JS, Soni RK, Morrow JP, Yazawa M. Sigma non-opioid receptor 1 is a potential therapeutic target for long QT syndrome. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:142-156. [PMID: 36051854 PMCID: PMC9431959 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-021-00016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Some missense gain-of-function mutations in CACNA1C gene, encoding calcium channel CaV1.2, cause a life-threatening form of long QT syndrome named Timothy syndrome, with currently no clinically-effective therapeutics. Here we report that pharmacological targeting of sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 (SIGMAR1) can restore electrophysiological function in iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes generated from patients with Timothy syndrome and two common forms of long QT syndrome, type 1 (LQTS1) and 2 (LQTS2), caused by missense trafficking mutations in potassium channels. Electrophysiological recordings demonstrate that an FDA-approved cough suppressant, dextromethorphan, can be used as an agonist of SIGMAR1, to shorten the prolonged action potential in Timothy syndrome cardiomyocytes and human cellular models of LQTS1 and LQTS2. When tested in vivo, dextromethorphan also normalized the prolonged QT intervals in Timothy syndrome model mice. Overall, our study demonstrates that SIGMAR1 is a potential therapeutic target for Timothy syndrome and possibly other inherited arrhythmias such as LQTS1 and LQTS2.
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Abatematteo FS, Niso M, Contino M, Leopoldo M, Abate C. Multi-Target Directed Ligands (MTDLs) Binding the σ 1 Receptor as Promising Therapeutics: State of the Art and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6359. [PMID: 34198620 PMCID: PMC8232171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The sigma-1 (σ1) receptor is a 'pluripotent chaperone' protein mainly expressed at the mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum membrane interfaces where it interacts with several client proteins. This feature renders the σ1 receptor an ideal target for the development of multifunctional ligands, whose benefits are now recognized because several pathologies are multifactorial. Indeed, the current therapeutic regimens are based on the administration of different classes of drugs in order to counteract the diverse unbalanced physiological pathways associated with the pathology. Thus, the multi-targeted directed ligand (MTDL) approach, with one molecule that exerts poly-pharmacological actions, may be a winning strategy that overcomes the pharmacokinetic issues linked to the administration of diverse drugs. This review aims to point out the progress in the development of MTDLs directed toward σ1 receptors for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) and cancer diseases, with a focus on the perspectives that are proper for this strategy. The evidence that some drugs in clinical use unintentionally bind the σ1 protein (as off-target) provides a proof of concept of the potential of this strategy, and it strongly supports the promise that the σ1 receptor holds as a target to be hit in the context of MTDLs for the therapy of multifactorial pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.S.A.); (M.N.); (M.C.); (M.L.)
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5
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Goguadze N, Zhuravliova E, Morin D, Mikeladze D, Maurice T. Sigma-1 Receptor Agonists Induce Oxidative Stress in Mitochondria and Enhance Complex I Activity in Physiological Condition but Protect Against Pathological Oxidative Stress. Neurotox Res 2019; 35:1-18. [PMID: 29127580 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9838-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The sigma1 receptor (σ1R) is a chaperone protein residing at mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAMs), where it modulates Ca2+ exchange between the ER and mitochondria by interacting with inositol-1,4,5 trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs). The σ1R is highly expressed in the central nervous system and its activation stimulates neuromodulation and neuroprotection, for instance in Alzheimer's disease (AD) models in vitro and in vivo. σ1R effects on mitochondria pathophysiology and the downstream signaling are still not fully understood. We here evaluated the impacts of σ1R ligands in mouse mitochondria preparations on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial respiration, and complex activities, in physiological condition and after direct application of amyloid Aβ1-42 peptide. σ1R agonists (2-(4-morpholinethyl)-1-phenylcyclohexanecarboxylate hydrochloride (PRE-084), tetrahydro-N,N-dimethyl-5,5-diphenyl-3-furanmethanamine (ANAVEX1-41, AN1-41), (S)-1-(2,8-dimethyl-1-thia-3,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-3-yl)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propan-1-one (ANAVEX3-71, AN3-71), dehydroepiandrosterone-3 sulfate (DHEA), donepezil) increased mitochondrial ROS in a σ1R antagonist-sensitive manner but decreased Aβ1-42-induced increase in ROS. σ1R ligands (agonists or antagonists) did not impact respiration but attenuated Aβ1-42-induced alteration. σ1R agonists (PRE-084, AN1-41, tetrahydro-N,N-dimethyl-2,2-diphenyl-3-furanmethanamine hydrochloride (ANAVEX2-73, AN2-73), AN3-71) increased complex I activity, in a Ca2+-dependent and σ1R antagonist-sensitive manner. σ1R ligands failed to affect complex II, III, and IV activities. The increase in complex I activity explain the σ1R-induced increase in ROS since ligands failed to affect other sources of ROS accumulation in mitochondria and homogenates, namely NADPH oxidase (NOX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Furthermore, Aβ1-42 significantly decreased the activity of complexes I and IV and σ1R agonists attenuated the Aβ1-42-induced complex I and IV dysfunctions. σ1R activity in mitochondria therefore results in a Ying-Yang effect, by triggering moderate ROS increase acting as a physiological signal and promoting a marked anti-oxidant effect in pathological (Aβ) conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nino Goguadze
- MMDN, Université Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, UMR-S1198, CC 105, place Eugene Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier cedex 5, France
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, 0162, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Elene Zhuravliova
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, 0162, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Didier Morin
- INSERM, UMR-S955, UPEC, Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris-Est, 94000, Créteil, France
| | - Davit Mikeladze
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, 0162, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Tangui Maurice
- MMDN, Université Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, UMR-S1198, CC 105, place Eugene Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier cedex 5, France.
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Sambo DO, Lebowitz JJ, Khoshbouei H. The sigma-1 receptor as a regulator of dopamine neurotransmission: A potential therapeutic target for methamphetamine addiction. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 186:152-167. [PMID: 29360540 PMCID: PMC5962385 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) abuse is a major public health issue around the world, yet there are currently no effective pharmacotherapies for the treatment of METH addiction. METH is a potent psychostimulant that increases extracellular dopamine levels by targeting the dopamine transporter (DAT) and alters neuronal activity in the reward centers of the brain. One promising therapeutic target for the treatment of METH addiction is the sigma-1 receptor (σ1R). The σ1R is an endoplasmic reticulum-localized chaperone protein that is activated by cellular stress, and, unique to this chaperone, its function can also be induced or inhibited by different ligands. Upon activation of this unique "chaperone receptor", the σ1R regulates a variety of cellular functions and possesses neuroprotective activity in the brain. Interestingly, a variety of σ1R ligands modulate dopamine neurotransmission and reduce the behavioral effects of METH in animal models of addictive behavior, suggesting that the σ1R may be a viable therapeutic target for the treatment of METH addiction. In this review, we provide background on METH and the σ1R as well as a literature review regarding the role of σ1Rs in modulating both dopamine neurotransmission and the effects of METH. We aim to highlight the complexities of σ1R pharmacology and function as well as the therapeutic potential of the σ1R as a target for the treatment of METH addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle O Sambo
- University of Florida, College of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Joseph J Lebowitz
- University of Florida, College of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Habibeh Khoshbouei
- University of Florida, College of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
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7
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Dalwadi DA, Kim S, Schetz JA. Activation of the sigma-1 receptor by haloperidol metabolites facilitates brain-derived neurotrophic factor secretion from human astroglia. Neurochem Int 2017; 105:21-31. [PMID: 28188803 PMCID: PMC5375023 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glial cells play a critical role in neuronal support which includes the production and release of the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Activation of the sigma-1 receptor (S1R) has been shown to attenuate inflammatory stress-mediated brain injuries, and there is emerging evidence that this may involve a BDNF-dependent mechanism. In this report we studied S1R-mediated BDNF release from human astrocytic glial cells. Astrocytes express the S1R, which mediates BDNF release when stimulated with the prototypical S1R agonists 4-PPBP and (+)-SKF10047. This effect could be antagonized by a selective concentration of the S1R antagonist BD1063. Haloperidol is known to have high affinity interactions with the S1R, yet it was unable to facilitate BDNF release. Remarkably, however, two metabolites of haloperidol, haloperidol I and haloperidol II (reduced haloperidol), were discovered to facilitate BDNF secretion and this effect was antagonized by BD1063. Neither 4-PPBP, nor either of the haloperidol metabolites affected the level of BDNF mRNA as assessed by qPCR. These results demonstrate for the first time that haloperidol metabolites I and II facilitate the secretion of BDNF from astrocytes by acting as functionally selective S1R agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhwanil A Dalwadi
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, Texas, 76107, United States
| | - Seongcheol Kim
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, Texas, 76107, United States
| | - John A Schetz
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, Texas, 76107, United States; Institute for Healthy Aging, Center for Neuroscience Discovery, United States.
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8
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Abstract
Sigma1 (also known as sigma-1 receptor, Sig1R, σ1 receptor) is a unique pharmacologically regulated integral membrane chaperone or scaffolding protein. The majority of publications on the subject have focused on the neuropharmacology of Sigma1. However, a number of publications have also suggested a role for Sigma1 in cancer. Although there is currently no clinically used anti-cancer drug that targets Sigma1, a growing body of evidence supports the potential of Sigma1 ligands as therapeutic agents to treat cancer. In preclinical models, compounds with affinity for Sigma1 have been reported to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and survival, cell adhesion and migration, tumor growth, to alleviate cancer-associated pain, and to have immunomodulatory properties. This review will highlight that although the literature supports a role for Sigma1 in cancer, several fundamental questions regarding drug mechanism of action and the physiological relevance of aberrant SIGMAR1 transcript and Sigma1 protein expression in certain cancers remain unanswered or only partially answered. However, emerging lines of evidence suggest that Sigma1 is a component of the cancer cell support machinery, that it facilitates protein interaction networks, that it allosterically modulates the activity of its associated proteins, and that Sigma1 is a selectively multifunctional drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix J Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Christina M Maher
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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9
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Nicholson H, Mesangeau C, McCurdy CR, Bowen WD. Sigma-2 Receptors Play a Role in Cellular Metabolism: Stimulation of Glycolytic Hallmarks by CM764 in Human SK-N-SH Neuroblastoma. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 356:232-43. [PMID: 26574517 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.228387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma-2 receptors are attractive antineoplastic targets due to their ability to induce apoptosis and their upregulation in rapidly proliferating cancer cells compared with healthy tissue. However, this role is inconsistent with overexpression in cancer, which is typically associated with upregulation of prosurvival factors. Here, we report a novel metabolic regulatory function for sigma-2 receptors. CM764 [6-acetyl-3-(4-(4-(2-amino-4-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)benzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one] binds with Ki values of 86.6 ± 2.8 and 3.5 ± 0.9 nM at the sigma-1 and sigma-2 receptors, respectively. CM764 increased reduction of MTT [3-[4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide] in human SK-N-SH neuroblastoma compared with untreated cells, an effect not due to proliferation. This effect was attenuated by five different sigma antagonists, including CM572 [3-(4-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-6-isothiocyanatobenzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one], which has no significant affinity for sigma-1 receptors. This effect was also observed in MG-63 osteosarcoma and HEK293T cells, indicating that this function is not exclusive to neuroblastoma or to cancer cells. CM764 produced an immediate, robust, and transient increase in cytosolic calcium, consistent with sigma-2 receptor activation. Additionally, we observed an increase in the total NAD(+)/NADH level and the ATP level in CM764-treated SK-N-SH cells compared with untreated cells. After only 4 hours of treatment, basal levels of reactive oxygen species were reduced by 90% in cells treated with CM764 over untreated cells, and HIF1α and VEGF levels were increased after 3-24 hours of treatment. These data indicate that sigma-2 receptors may play a role in induction of glycolysis, representing a possible prosurvival function for the sigma-2 receptor that is consistent with its upregulation in cancer cells compared with healthy tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Nicholson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (H.N., W.D.B.); and Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi (C.M., C.R.M.)
| | - Christophe Mesangeau
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (H.N., W.D.B.); and Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi (C.M., C.R.M.)
| | - Christopher R McCurdy
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (H.N., W.D.B.); and Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi (C.M., C.R.M.)
| | - Wayne D Bowen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (H.N., W.D.B.); and Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi (C.M., C.R.M.)
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Banister SD, Manoli M, Kassiou M. The development of radiotracers for imaging sigma (σ) receptors in the central nervous system (CNS) using positron emission tomography (PET). J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014; 56:215-24. [PMID: 24285328 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Sigma (σ) receptors are unique mammalian proteins, distributed in the central nervous system and elsewhere, which are increasingly implicated in the pathophysiology of virtually all major central nervous system disorders. The heterogeneous but wide distribution of σ1 in the brain has prompted the development of selective radiotracers for imaging these sites using positron emission tomography (PET). To date, some 50 carbon-11-labelled and fluorine-18-labelled candidate PET radioligands targeting σ receptors have been reported. The historical development of selective σ1 receptor ligands as potential PET imaging agents, as well as the radiochemistry and application of the most recently developed examples, is described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D Banister
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia; School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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11
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A 96-well filtration method for radioligand binding analysis of σ receptor ligands. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 71:157-61. [PMID: 22910107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
σ receptors represent a potential drug target for numerous therapeutic indications including cancer, depression, psychostimulant abuse, and stroke. Most published radioligand binding studies for σ receptors utilize a low throughput method employing a "cell harvester." Higher throughput methods are required to facilitate efficient screening of large numbers of novel compounds. In this study, a series of reference compounds was analyzed with a new medium-throughput 96-well filtration method and the results were compared to those obtained using the conventional cell harvester-based method. The 96-well assay utilized rat liver membranes for the determination of both known σ receptor subtypes (σ(1) and σ(2)) because this tissue contains high densities of both subtypes and fulfills criteria required for reliable use with the 96-well format. The new method gave comparable K(i) values for reference ligands analyzed in parallel with samples prepared in rat brain membranes and processed on the traditional cell harvester. For σ(1) receptors, equivalent affinity values were observed for both methods/tissues. For σ(2) receptors, approximately 2-fold higher affinities were observed for most compounds in liver, as compared to brain membranes, but excellent correlation with brain-derived values was maintained. To further demonstrate the utility of the new method it was used to screen a novel series of 2(3H)-benzothiazolone compounds, resulting in the identification of several analogues with nanomolar affinity and greater than 50-fold specificity for σ(1) versus σ(2) receptors.
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12
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Abstract
Sigma receptors (σ-1 and σ-2) are non-opioid proteins implicated in the pathophysiology of various neurological disorders and cancer. The σ-1 subtype is a chaperon protein widely distributed in the CNS and peripheral tissues. These receptors are involved in the modulation of K+- and Ca2+-dependent signaling cascades at the endoplasmic reticulum and modulation of neurotransmitter release. σ-1 receptors are emerging targets for the treatment of neurophychiatric diseases (schizophrenia and depression) and cocaine addiction. σ-2 receptors are lipid raft proteins. They are highly expressed on many tumor cells and hence considered potential targets for anticancer drugs. σ receptors bind to a diverse class of pharmacological compounds like cocaine, methamphetamine, benzomorphans like (±)-pentazocine, (±)-SKF-10,047 and endogenous neurosteroids and sphingolipids. In this review we focus on the early development of σ receptor-specific ligands and radiolabeling agents.
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13
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XIIth international symposium on radiopharmaceutical chemistry: Abstracts and programme. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580400901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Luty AA, Kwok JBJ, Dobson-Stone C, Loy CT, Coupland KG, Karlström H, Sobow T, Tchorzewska J, Maruszak A, Barcikowska M, Panegyres PK, Zekanowski C, Brooks WS, Williams KL, Blair IP, Mather KA, Sachdev PS, Halliday GM, Schofield PR. Sigma nonopioid intracellular receptor 1 mutations cause frontotemporal lobar degeneration-motor neuron disease. Ann Neurol 2010; 68:639-49. [PMID: 21031579 DOI: 10.1002/ana.22274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is the most common cause of early-onset dementia. Pathological ubiquitinated inclusion bodies observed in FTLD and motor neuron disease (MND) comprise trans-activating response element (TAR) DNA binding protein (TDP-43) and/or fused in sarcoma (FUS) protein. Our objective was to identify the causative gene in an FTLD-MND pedigree with no mutations in known dementia genes. METHODS A mutation screen of candidate genes, luciferase assays, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to identify the biological role of the putative mutation. Neuropathological characterization of affected individuals and western blot studies of cell lines were performed to identify the pathological mechanism of the mutation. RESULTS We identified a nonpolymorphic mutation (c.672*51G>T) in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of the Sigma nonopioid intracellular receptor 1 (SIGMAR1) gene in affected individuals from the FTLD-MND pedigree. The c.672*51G>T mutation increased gene expression by 1.4-fold, corresponding with a significant 1.5-fold to 2-fold change in the SIGMAR1 transcript or Sigma-1 protein in lymphocyte or brain tissue. Brains of SIGMAR1 mutation carriers displayed a unique pathology with cytoplasmic inclusions immunopositive for either TDP-43 or FUS but not Sigma-1. Overexpression of SIGMAR1 shunted TDP-43 and FUS from the nucleus to the cytoplasm by 2.3-fold and 5.2-fold, respectively. Treatment of cells with Sigma-1 ligands significantly altered translocation of TDP-43 by up to 2-fold. INTERPRETATION SIGMAR1 is a causative gene for familial FTLD-MND with a unique neuropathology that differs from other FTLD and MND cases. Our findings also suggest Sigma-1 drugs as potential treatments for the TDP-43/FUS proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes A Luty
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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15
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Megalizzi V, Le Mercier M, Decaestecker C. Sigma receptors and their ligands in cancer biology: overview and new perspectives for cancer therapy. Med Res Rev 2010; 32:410-27. [DOI: 10.1002/med.20218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Le Mercier
- Department of Pathology; Erasme University Hospital; Brussels Belgium
| | - Christine Decaestecker
- Laboratory of Toxicology; Institute of Pharmacy; Brussels Belgium
- Laboratory of Image Synthesis and Analysis; Faculty of Applied Sciences; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Brussels Belgium
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Xu YT, Kaushal N, Shaikh J, Wilson LL, Mésangeau C, McCurdy CR, Matsumoto RR. A novel substituted piperazine, CM156, attenuates the stimulant and toxic effects of cocaine in mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 333:491-500. [PMID: 20100904 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.109.161398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine is a highly abused drug without effective pharmacotherapies to treat it. It interacts with sigma (sigma) receptors, providing logical targets for the development of medications to counteract its actions. Cocaine causes toxic and stimulant effects that can be categorized as acute effects such as convulsions and locomotor hyperactivity and subchronic effects including sensitization and place conditioning. In the present study, 3-(4-(4-cyclohexylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl)benzo[d]thiazole-2(3H)-thione (CM156), a novel compound, was developed and tested for interactions with sigma receptors using radioligand binding studies. It was also evaluated against cocaine-induced effects in behavioral studies. The results showed that CM156 has nanomolar affinities for each of the sigma receptor subtypes in the brain and much weaker affinities for non-sigma binding sites. Pretreatment of male Swiss-Webster mice with CM156, before administering either a convulsive or locomotor stimulant dose of cocaine, led to a significant attenuation of these acute effects. CM156 also significantly reduced the expression of behavioral sensitization and place conditioning evoked by subchronic exposure to cocaine. The protective effects of CM156 are consistent with sigma receptor-mediated actions. Together with previously reported findings, the data from CM156 and related sigma compounds indicate that sigma receptors can be targeted to alleviate deleterious actions of cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Tong Xu
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
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17
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Entrena JM, Cobos EJ, Nieto FR, Cendán CM, Gris G, Del Pozo E, Zamanillo D, Baeyens JM. Sigma-1 receptors are essential for capsaicin-induced mechanical hypersensitivity: studies with selective sigma-1 ligands and sigma-1 knockout mice. Pain 2009; 143:252-261. [PMID: 19375855 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2009.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2008] [Revised: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the role of sigma(1) receptors on capsaicin-induced mechanical hypersensitivity and on nociceptive pain induced by punctate mechanical stimuli, using wild-type and sigma(1) receptor knockout (sigma(1)-KO) mice and selective sigma(1) receptor-acting drugs. Mutation in sigma(1)-KO mice was confirmed by PCR analysis of genomic DNA and, at the protein level, by [(3)H](+)-pentazocine binding assays. Both wild-type and sigma(1)-KO mice not treated with capsaicin showed similar responses to different intensities of mechanical stimuli (0.05-8 g force), ranging from innocuous to noxious, applied to the hind paw. This indicates that sigma(1) gene inactivation does not modify the perception of punctate mechanical stimuli. The intraplantar (i.pl.) administration of capsaicin induced dose-dependent mechanical allodynia in wild-type mice (markedly reducing both the threshold force necessary to induce paw withdrawal and the latency to paw withdrawal induced by a given force). In contrast, capsaicin was completely unable to induce mechanical hypersensitivity in sigma(1)-KO mice. The high-affinity and selective sigma(1) antagonists BD-1063, BD-1047 and NE-100, administered subcutaneously (s.c.), dose-dependently inhibited mechanical allodynia induced by capsaicin (1 microg,i.pl.), yielding ED(50) (mg/kg) values of 15.80+/-0.93, 29.31+/-1.65 and 40.74+/-7.20, respectively. The effects of the sigma(1) antagonists were reversed by the sigma(1) agonist PRE-084 (32 mg/kg, s.c.). None of the drugs tested modified the responses induced by a painful mechanical punctate stimulus (4 g force) in nonsensitized animals. These results suggest that sigma(1) receptors are essential for capsaicin-induced mechanical hypersensitivity, but are not involved in mechanical nociceptive pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Entrena
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de Madrid 11, 18012 Granada, Spain Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain Laboratorios Dr. Esteve S.A., Avenida Virgen de Montserrat 221, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Liu X, Pham TQ, Berghofer P, Chapman J, Greguric I, Mitchell P, Mattner F, Loc'h C, Katsifis A. Synthesis and evaluation of novel radioiodinated nicotinamides for malignant melanoma. Nucl Med Biol 2008; 35:769-81. [PMID: 18848662 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2008.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Revised: 05/23/2008] [Accepted: 05/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A series of iodonicotinamides based on the melanin-binding iodobenzamide compound N-2-diethylaminoethyl-4-iodobenzamide was prepared and evaluated for the potential imaging and staging of disseminated metastatic melanoma. METHODS [(123)I]Iodonicotinamides were prepared by iododestannylation reactions using no-carrier-added iodine-123 and evaluated in vivo by biodistribution and competition studies and by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging in black and albino nude mice bearing B16F0 murine melanotic and A375 human amelanotic melanoma tumours, respectively. RESULTS The iodonicotinamides displayed low-affinity binding for sigma(1)-sigma(2) receptors (K(i)>300 nM). In biodistribution studies in mice, N-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-5-[(123)I]iodonicotinamide ([(123)I]1) exhibited the fastest and highest uptake of the nicotinamide series in the B16F0 tumour at 1 h ( approximately 8% ID/g), decreasing slowly over time. No uptake was observed in the A375 tumour. Clearance from the animals by urinary excretion was more rapid for N-alkyl-nicotinamides than for piperazinyl derivatives. At 1 h postinjection, the urinary excretion was 66% ID for [(123)I]1, while the gastrointestinal tract amounted to 17% ID. Haloperidol was unable to reduce the uptake of [(123)I]1 in pigmented mice, indicating that this uptake was likely due to an interaction with melanin. SPECT imaging of [(123)I]1 in black mice bearing the B16F0 melanoma indicated that the radioactivity was predominately located in the tumour and eyes. No specific localisation was observed in nude mice bearing A375 amelanotic tumours. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that [(123)I]1, which displays high tumour uptake with rapid clearance from the body, could be a promising imaging agent for the detection of melanotic tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Radiopharmaceuticals Research Institute, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, NSW 2234, Australia
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19
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Dhir A, Kulkarni S. Involvement of sigma (sigma1) receptors in modulating the anti-depressant effect of neurosteroids (dehydroepiandrosterone or pregnenolone) in mouse tail-suspension test. J Psychopharmacol 2008; 22:691-6. [PMID: 18308813 DOI: 10.1177/0269881107082771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of neurosteroids dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) or pregnenolone sulfate (PS) on the tail-suspension test (TST) of depression in mice, and also the possible involvement of sigma (sigma) receptors. Immobility time in the TST was measured for a total period of 6 min. DHEAS (10 and 40 mg/kg, s.c.) or PS (40 mg/kg, s.c.) significantly reduced the immobility period without accompanying changes in the locomotor activity in mice. The effect on behavioural despair by DHEAS (10 and 40 mg/kg, s.c.) and PS (40 mg/kg, s.c.) was blocked by BD 1047 (1 mg/kg, s.c.), a novel sigma1-receptor antagonist, progesterone (10 mg/kg, s.c.), a sigma-receptor antagonistic neurosteroid or rimcazole (5 mg/kg, s.c.), another sigma1-receptor antagonistic property, respectively. The treatments and their combination did not alter the motor activity in mice. These data suggested a role for the central sigma receptors particularly sigma-1 (sigma1) receptors in the anti-depressant-like effects of neurosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dhir
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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20
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Pham TQ, Greguric I, Liu X, Berghofer P, Ballantyne P, Chapman J, Mattner F, Dikic B, Jackson T, Loc'h C, Katsifis A. Synthesis and evaluation of novel radioiodinated benzamides for malignant melanoma. J Med Chem 2007; 50:3561-72. [PMID: 17602544 DOI: 10.1021/jm0701627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The imaging potential of a series of [123I]benzamides was studied in mice bearing B16F0 melanoma tumors. Compound [123I]25 exhibited tumor uptake >8 %ID/g at 1 h, while that of [123I]14d and [123I]25 reached a maximum of 9-12 %ID/g at 6 h. Standardized uptake values of [123I]14d were higher than 100 between 24 and 72 h after injection. In haloperidol treated animals, the tumor uptake of [123I]14d was not significantly different to controls, while significant reduction of [123I]25 uptake was observed, supporting that [123I]14d uptake relates to melanin interaction, whereas part of the mechanism of [123I]25 uptake is related to its sigma 1-receptor affinity. Benzamides 14d and 25, which display rapid and high tumor uptake, appear to be promising imaging agents for melanoma detection, while 14d, which displays a long lasting and high melanoma/nontarget ratio, is more suitable for evaluation as a potential radiotherapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien Q Pham
- Radiopharmaceuticals Research Institute, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, PMB 1 Menai N.S.W. 2234, Sydney, Australia
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21
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Lever JR, Gustafson JL, Xu R, Allmon RL, Lever SZ. Sigma1 and sigma2 receptor binding affinity and selectivity of SA4503 and fluoroethyl SA4503. Synapse 2006; 59:350-8. [PMID: 16463398 DOI: 10.1002/syn.20253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SA4503, a potent sigma(1) receptor agonist, is reported as having 103-fold higher affinity for sigma(1) (IC(50) = 17.4 nM) than sigma(2) (IC(50) = 1,784 nM) sites in guinea pig brain membranes. Modest structural changes appear to have major effects on sigma(1)/sigma(2) selectivity. The fluoroethyl analog, FE-SA4503, is described as having high primary affinity for sigma(2) sites (IC(50) = 2.11 nM) and a weaker interaction with sigma(1) sites (IC(50) = 6.48 nM). SA4503 and FE-SA4503 have been radiolabeled for PET studies, and both bind selectively to sigma(1) receptors in animal and human brain in vivo. We prepared SA4503 and FE-SA4503 as reference compounds for radioligand development efforts. In our hands, SA4503 is 14-fold selective for sigma(1) (K(i) = 4.6 nM) over sigma(2) (K(i) = 63.1 nM) sites in guinea pig brain homogenates. Further, FE-SA4503 exhibits the same 14-fold selectivity for sigma(1) (K(i) = 8.0 nM) over sigma(2) (K(i) = 113.2 nM) receptors. The main differences from previously reported values stem from sigma(2) affinity determinations. This protocol, displacement of [(3)H]DTG binding to sigma(2) sites using (+)-pentazocine (200 nM) to mask sigma(1) sites, was validated by the proper rank order of sigma(2) inhibitory potencies shown by a panel of additional ligands: ifenprodil > haloperidol > DTG >> (+)-pentazocine. Robust Pearson correlation (r = 1.0, P = 0.002; slope = 0.97) was observed for our pK(i) values against those from a prior study by others. The findings have bearing on structure-activity relationships for this active series, and on conclusions that might be drawn from experiments relying upon defined sigma(1)/sigma(2) binding selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Lever
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, 65211, USA.
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22
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Charton J, Cazenave Gassiot A, Girault-Mizzi S, Debreu-Fontaine MA, Melnyk P, Sergheraert C. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of Tic-hydantoin derivatives as selective sigma1 ligands. Part 1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:4833-7. [PMID: 16140011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2005] [Revised: 07/07/2005] [Accepted: 07/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Herein is described a new class of selective sigma1 ligands consisting of tetrahydroisoquinoline-hydantoin (Tic-hydantoin) derivatives. Compound 3a has high affinity (IC50 = 16 nM) for the sigma1 receptor and is selective in a large panel of therapeutic targets. This first study presents structural changes around the Tic-hydantoin core, leading to a Tic-hydantoin analogue with a higher sigma1 affinity (IC50 approximately 1 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Charton
- UMR CNRS 8525, Université de Lille II, Institut de Biologie et Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, B.P. 447, 59021 Lille cedex, France
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23
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Gund TM, Floyd J, Jung D. Molecular modeling of sigma 1 receptor ligands: a model of binding conformational and electrostatic considerations. J Mol Graph Model 2004; 22:221-30. [PMID: 14629980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2003.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We have performed molecular modeling studies on several sigma 1 specific ligands, including PD144418, spipethiane, haloperidol, pentazocine, and others to develop a pharmacophore for sigma 1 receptor-ligand binding, under the assumption that all the compounds interact at the same receptor binding site. The modeling studies have investigated the conformational and electrostatic properties of the ligands. Superposition of active molecules gave the coordinates of the hypothetical 5-point sigma 1 pharmacophore, as follows: R1 (0.85, 7.26, 0.30); R2 (5.47, 2.40, -1.51); R3 (-2.57, 4.82, -7.10); N (-0.71, 3.29, -6.40); carbon centroid (3.16, 4.83, -0.60), where R1, R2 were constructed onto the aromatic ring of each compound to represent hydrophobic interactions with the receptor; and R3 represents a hydrogen bond between the nitrogen atom and the receptor. Additional analyses were used to describe secondary binding sites to electronegative groups such as oxygen or sulfur atom. Those coordinates are (2.34, 5.08, -4.18). The model was verified by fitting other sigma 1 receptor ligands. This model may be used to search conformational databases for other possibly active ligands. In conjunction with rational drug design techniques the model may be useful in design and synthesis of novel sigma 1 ligands of high selectivity and potency. Calculations were performed using Sybyl 6.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara M Gund
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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Matsumoto RR, Liu Y, Lerner M, Howard EW, Brackett DJ. Sigma receptors: potential medications development target for anti-cocaine agents. Eur J Pharmacol 2003; 469:1-12. [PMID: 12782179 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(03)01723-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The ability of cocaine to interact with sigma receptors suggests a viable target for medications development. Recently, numerous novel compounds and antisense oligodeoxynucleotides targeting sigma receptors have been synthesized and shown to prevent the behavioral toxicity and psychomotor stimulant effects of cocaine in animals. Protective doses of sigma receptor antagonists have also been shown to prevent changes in gene expression that are induced by cocaine. Together, the studies provide insight and promising future directions for the development of potential medications for the treatment of cocaine addiction and overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rae R Matsumoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, P.O. Box 26901, CPB 337, Oklahoma City, OK 73190, USA.
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25
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Yamamoto T, Hagima N, Fukasawa M, Yamaguchi JI, Nakamura M, Kohno Y, Nagata K, Yamazoe Y. Metabolism of N,N-Dipropyl-2-[4-Methoxy-3-(2-Phenyl-Ethoxy)-Phenyl]-Ethyl-Amine-Monohydrochloride (NE-100), A Novel Sigma Ligand: Contribution of Cytochrome P450 Forms Involved in the Formation of Individual Metabolites in Human Liver and Small Intestine. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2003; 18:173-85. [PMID: 15618733 DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.18.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, human cytochrome P450 (CYP) forms involved in producing the primary metabolites of NE-100 were identified. Major metabolites of NE-100 in human liver microsomes (HLM) were N-depropylation of NE-100 (NE-098), p-hydroxylation of phenyl group of NE-100 (NE-152), m-hydroxylation of phenyl group of NE-100 (NE-163) and O-demethylation of NE-100 (NE-125). Judging from the correlation and inhibition studies, NE-125 and NE-152+163mix formations were predominantly mediated by CYP2D6 and NE-098 formation was mediated by multiple CYP forms at a low NE-100 concentration (0.1 microM) in the HLM. According to relative activity factor (RAF) approaches, all these reactions were predominantly catalyzed by CYP2D6 at a substrate concentration assuming a plasma level of NE-100 (K(m)>>S) in case of the human liver. Depending on the increase in NE-100 concentrations, the rate of contribution for NE-098 and NE-152+163mix formations increased in CYP3A4, although the predominant contribution of CYP2D6 for NE-125 formation did not change. In human intestinal microsomes (HIM), NE-100 was mainly metabolized to NE-098 and NE-152+163mix by CYP3A4. The intrinsic clearance for their formations in HIM was 3.2 and 14.9 times less than those in HLM, respectively, and no formation of NE-125 was observed in HIM. These results strongly suggest that CYP2D6 is the predominant form for NE-100 metabolism in the human liver in in vivo conditions (K(m)>>S) and the liver plays a more important role than does the small intestine in the first pass metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Yamamoto
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Medicinal Research Laboratory, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama-shi, Saitama, Japan.
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26
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Yamamoto T, Hagima N, Nakamura M, Kohno Y, Nagata K, Yamazoe Y. Differences in cytochrome P450 forms involved in the metabolism of N,N-dipropyl-2-[4-methoxy-3-(2-phenylethoxy)phenyl]ethylamine monohydrochloride (NE-100), a novel sigma ligand, in human liver and intestine. Drug Metab Dispos 2003; 31:60-6. [PMID: 12485954 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.31.1.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
N,N-Dipropyl-2-[4-methoxy-3-(2-phenylethoxy)phenyl]ethylamine monohydrochloride (NE-100) has been developed to treat subjects with schizophrenia. This drug is mainly excreted in the form of oxidative metabolites. In the present study, identification of p450 forms involved in the metabolism was carried out using human livers and intestinal microsomes (HLM and HIM). Eadie-Hofstee plots for NE-100 disappearance in HLM were biphasic, thus indicating the involvement of at least two p450 forms. The metabolism of NE-100 was mediated with recombinant CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. A significant correlation was observed between activities of NE-100 metabolism and dextromethorphan O-demethylation (a specific activity for CYP2D6) or testosterone 6beta-hydroxylation (a specific activity for CYP3A4) in HLM. The activity of NE-100 metabolism was inhibited by approximately 80% by an anti-CYP2D6 antibody and only by quinidine among the p450-selective inhibitors at a low substrate concentration (0.1 microM). In contrast, with a high substrate concentration (10 microM), the activity was inhibited by an anti-CYP3A4 antibody and by ketoconazole. On the other hand, in HIM, the Eadie-Hofstee plots for NE-100 disappearance were monophasic, and the metabolism was strongly inhibited by an anti-CYP3A4 antibody and by ketoconazole but not by other inhibitors used. These results strongly suggest that NE-100 has different profiles regarding metabolism between liver and intestine. During absorption, NE-100 is mainly metabolized by CYP3A4 in the intestine and thereafter by CYP2D6 in the liver in the presence of therapeutic doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Yamamoto
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Saitama, Japan.
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Tottori K, Miwa T, Uwahodo Y, Yamada S, Nakai M, Oshiro Y, Kikuchi T, Altar CA. Antidepressant-like responses to the combined sigma and 5-HT1A receptor agonist OPC-14523. Neuropharmacology 2001; 41:976-88. [PMID: 11747902 DOI: 10.1016/s0028-3908(01)00147-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The antidepressant-like activity of a novel compound, OPC-14523, was investigated in comparison with the conventional antidepressants, fluoxetine and imipramine. OPC-14523 bound with nanomolar affinities to sigma receptors (IC(50)=47-56 nM), the 5-HT(1A) receptor (IC(50)=2.3 nM), and the 5-HT transporter (IC(50)=80 nM). OPC-14523 inhibited the in vitro reuptake of 3H-5-HT (IC(50)=27 nM), but it showed very weak inhibitory activity on 3H-NE and 3H-DA reuptake. OPC-14523 did not inhibit MAO A or B activities or muscarinic receptors. A single oral administration of OPC-14523 produced a marked antidepressant-like effect in the forced swimming test (FST) with rats (ED(50)=27 mg/kg) and mice (ED(50)=20mg/kg) without affecting the general locomotor activity. In contrast, fluoxetine and imipramine each required at least four days of repeated dosing to show this activity. The acute activity of OPC-14523 was blocked by pretreatment with the sigma receptor antagonist NE-100 or the selective 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist WAY-100635. The induction of flat body posture by OPC-14523 was blocked by the selective 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist NAN-190, and forebrain 5-HT biosynthesis was attenuated by OPC-14523 at behaviorally effective doses. In contrast, OPC-14523, unlike fluoxetine, failed to inhibit 5-HT reuptake at oral doses below 100mg/kg. Thus, the acute antidepressant-like action of OPC-14523 is achieved by the combined stimulation of sigma and 5-HT(1A) receptors without inhibition of 5-HT reuptake in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tottori
- Research Institute of Pharmacological and Therapeutical Development, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 463-10 Kagasuno 771-0192, Kawauchi-cho Tokushima, Japan.
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Narita M, Yoshizawa K, Aoki K, Takagi M, Miyatake M, Suzuki T. A putative sigma1 receptor antagonist NE-100 attenuates the discriminative stimulus effects of ketamine in rats. Addict Biol 2001; 6:373-376. [PMID: 11900615 DOI: 10.1080/13556210020077091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine, one of the dissociative anaesthetic agents, has been shown to produce psychotomimetic effects. It has been well documented that activation of sigma receptors is responsible for the pathogenesis of some psychiatric disorders. In the present study, the effects of NE-100, a putative sigma(1) receptor antagonist, was investigated in rats trained to discriminate between ketamine (5 mg/kg, i.p.) from saline under a fixed-ratio 10 food-reinforced procedure. Here we report for the first time that NE-100 (1 mg/kg) produced a shift to the right in the dose-response curve for ketamine's discriminative stimulus effects. These results suggest that the sigma(1) receptor is, at least in part, involved in the discriminative stimulus effects of ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Narita
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
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Marrazzo A, Prezzavento O, Pasquinucci L, Vittorio F, Ronsisvalle G. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of potent and enantioselective sigma 1, and sigma 2 ligands. FARMACO (SOCIETA CHIMICA ITALIANA : 1989) 2001; 56:181-9. [PMID: 11409325 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-827x(01)01039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study we found that substitutions of the (+)-cis-N-normetazocine nucleus of (+)-MPCB with 1-adamantanamine provide the compound (+/-)-10 with high affinity and selectivity for sigma receptors. Starting with this result we have synthesized a new series of eight 1-phenyl-2-cyclopropylmethylamines structurally related to (+/-)-10, and binding affinities, with respect to sigma 1, sigma 2, opioid and dopaminergic D2 receptors, have been reported. All compounds showed a negligible opioid and dopaminergic affinity and high selectivity for sigma receptors. Modifications on the amino moiety and methylcarboxyester group of 10 provide compounds with different sigma 1 and sigma 2 binding affinity and selectivity. Moreover, we have also synthesized the respective enantiomers of componds (+/-)-10 and (+/-)-18 in order to evaluate the enantioselectivity for sigma 1 and sigma 2 receptors. The binding data showed that carboxymethylester on the cyclopropane ring was more critical for enantioselectivity than the hydroxymethylenic group. In fact, the (-)-10 enantiomer showed a preference for sigma 1 whereas (+)-10 showed a preference for sigma 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Marrazzo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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30
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Kitaichi K, Chabot JG, Moebius FF, Flandorfer A, Glossmann H, Quirion R. Expression of the purported sigma(1) (sigma(1)) receptor in the mammalian brain and its possible relevance in deficits induced by antagonism of the NMDA receptor complex as revealed using an antisense strategy. J Chem Neuroanat 2000; 20:375-87. [PMID: 11207432 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-0618(00)00106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sigma (sigma) receptors have generated a great deal of interest on the basis of their possible role in psychosis, neuroprotection and various other behaviors including learning processes. The existence of at least two classes of sigma receptor binding sites (sigma(1) and sigma(2)) is now well established. The recent cloning of the mouse, guinea pig and human sigma(1) receptors has allowed the study of the discrete distribution of the sigma(1) receptor mRNA in rodent and human brain tissues using in situ hybridization. Overall, the sites of expression of specific sigma(1) receptor mRNA signals were in accordance to the anatomical distribution of sigma(1) receptor protein first established by quantitative receptor autoradiography. Specific sigma(1) receptor hybridization signals were found to be widely, but discretely distributed, in mouse and guinea pig brain tissues. The highest levels of transcripts were seen in various cranial nerve nuclei. Lower, but still high hybridization signals were observed in mesencephalic structures such as the red nucleus, periaqueductal gray matter and substantia nigra, as well as in some diencephalic structures including such as the habenula and the arcuate, paraventricular and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei. Superficial (I-II) and deeper (IV-VI) cortical laminae were moderately labeled in the mouse brain. Moderate levels of sigma(1) receptor mRNA were also found in the pyramidal cell layer and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation. Other structures such as the thalamus and amygdaloid body also expressed the sigma(1) receptor mRNA although to a lesser extent. In murine peripheral tissues, strong hybridization signals were observed in the liver, white pulp of the spleen and the adrenal gland. In the postmortem human brain, moderate levels of sigma(1) receptor mRNA, distributed in a laminar fashion, were detected in the temporal cortex with the deeper laminae (IV-VI) being particularly enriched. In the hippocampal formation, the strongest hybridization signals were observed in the dentate gyrus while all other subfields of the human hippocampal formation expressed lower levels of the sigma(1) receptor mRNA. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides against the purported sigma(1) receptor were used next to investigate the possible role of this receptor in dizocilpine (MK-801)/NMDA receptor blockade-induced amnesia. Following a continuous intracerebroventricular infusion of a specific sigma(1) receptor antisense into the third ventricle (0.4 nmol/h for 5 days), sigma(1)/[3H](+)pentazocine binding was significantly reduced in mouse brain membrane homogenates while a scrambled antisense control was without effect. Moreover, the sigma(1) receptor antisense treatments (5 nmol/injection, every 12 hx3 or 0.4 nmol/h for 5 days) attenuated (+)MK-801/NMDA receptor blockade-induced cognitive deficits in the treated mice while a scrambled antisense control had no effect. Taken together, these results demonstrate the widespread, but discrete, distribution of the sigma(1) receptor mRNA in the mammalian central nervous system. Moreover, antisense treatments against the purported sigma(1) receptor gene reduced specific sigma(1)/[3H](+)pentazocine binding and modulated cognitive behaviors associated with NMDA receptor blockade providing further evidence for the functional relevance of the cloned gene.
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MESH Headings
- Amnesia/physiopathology
- Analgesics, Opioid/metabolism
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antisense Elements (Genetics)
- Autoradiography
- Brain Chemistry/genetics
- Dizocilpine Maleate/pharmacology
- Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology
- Gene Expression
- Guinea Pigs
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization
- Male
- Mammals
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Pentazocine/metabolism
- Pentazocine/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/genetics
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism
- Receptors, sigma/analysis
- Receptors, sigma/genetics
- Receptors, sigma/metabolism
- Tritium
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kitaichi
- Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Verdun, Quebec, Canada H4H 1R3
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31
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Garrone B, Magnani M, Pinza M, Polenzani L. Effects of trazodone on neurotransmitter release from rat mossy fibre cerebellar synaptosomes. Eur J Pharmacol 2000; 400:35-41. [PMID: 10913582 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(00)00378-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of trazodone and putative sigma (sigma) receptor ligands were investigated on KCl-stimulated release of glutamate (Glu) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) from cerebellar mossy fibre synaptosomes. Both trazodone and serotonin (5-HT) inhibited the increase of Glu and GABA release evoked by 15 mM KCl. Trazodone increased the inhibition of Glu release caused by 0.01 microM 5-HT, while it antagonized the inhibition induced by higher 5-HT concentrations. Despite the low affinity of trazodone for both sigma(1) and sigma(2) binding sites, with a pK(i) of 5.9 and 6.0 respectively, two sigma receptor ligands, (+)-3-[3-hydroxypheny]-N-(1-propyl)piperidine ((+)-3-PPP) and N-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-N-methyl-2-(dimethylamino)ethylamine (BD 1047) antagonized the effects of trazodone. The putative sigma receptor ligand N-allylnormetazocine ((+)-SKF 10,047) mimicked the inhibitory effect of trazodone. As with trazodone, (+)-3-PPP and BD 1047 antagonized the activity of (+)-SKF 10,047 but not that of 5-HT. On the whole, these results suggest that trazodone shares a common molecular target with sigma compounds distinct from that of 5-HT and is involved in K(+)-stimulated Glu and GABA release from mossy fibre cerebellar synaptosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Garrone
- Pharmacological Department, ACRAF-Angelini Ricerche, P.le della Stazione s.n.c., 00040 S. Palomba-Pomezia, Rome, Italy
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32
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Abstract
Several recent advances are leading to a better understanding of sigma receptors. Here we focus on our recent findings regarding cellular functions of sigma-2 receptors and discuss their possible clinical implications. Agonists at sigma-2 receptors induced changes in cell morphology and apoptosis in various cell types. Sigma-2 receptor activation produced both transient and sustained increases in [Ca++]i, derived from different intracellular stores. These changes in [Ca++]i and cytotoxic effects are mediated by intracellular sigma-2 receptors. Sigma-2 agonists induced apoptosis in drug-resistant cancer cells, enhanced the potency of DNA damaging agents, and down-regulated expression of p-glycoprotein mRNA. Thus, sigma-2 receptor agonists may be useful in treatment of drug-resistant cancers. Sigma radioligands have been used in tumor imaging. We also discuss how sigma-2 antagonists might prevent the irreversible motor side effects of typical neuroleptics. Sigma-2 receptors may subserve a novel signalling pathway to apoptosis, involved in regulation of cell proliferation and/or viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Bowen
- Unit on Receptor Biochemistry and Pharmacology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0815, USA.
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33
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Nakazato A, Kumagai T, Ohta K, Chaki S, Okuyama S, Tomisawa K. Synthesis and SAR of 1-alkyl-2-phenylethylamine derivatives designed from N,N-dipropyl-4-methoxy-3-(2-phenylethoxy)phenylethylamine to discover sigma(1) ligands. J Med Chem 1999; 42:3965-70. [PMID: 10508444 DOI: 10.1021/jm990135j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of 1-alkyl-2-phenylethylamine derivatives 5-8 designed from N, N-dipropyl-2-[4-methoxy-3-(2-phenylethoxy)phenyl]ethylamine hydrochloride (1, NE-100) are presented. The SAR between compound 1 and 1-alkyl-2-phenylethylamine derivatives suggested that the alkyl group on the 1-position carbon of 2-[4-methoxy-3-(2-phenylethyl)phenyl]ethylamine derivatives played the role of one of the propyl groups on the aminic nitrogen of compound 1. (-)-N-Propyl-1-butyl-2-[4-methoxy-3-(2-phenylethoxy)phenyl]ethylam ine hydrochloride ((-)-6d, NE-537) and (-)-N-propyl-1-(3-methybutyl)-2-[4-methoxy-3-(2-phenylethoxy )phenyl]e thylamine hydrochloride ((-)-6i, NE-535), typical compounds in this series, have potent and selective sigma(1) affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nakazato
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Ohmiya, Saitama 330-8530, Japan.
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Minabe Y, Matsuno K, Ashby CR. Acute and chronic administration of the selective sigma1 receptor agonist SA4503 significantly alters the activity of midbrain dopamine neurons in rats: An in vivo electrophysiological study. Synapse 1999; 33:129-40. [PMID: 10400891 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2396(199908)33:2<129::aid-syn3>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the effect of the acute and repeated administration of the selective sigma (sigma)1 receptor agonist 1-(3, 4-dimethoxyphenethyl)-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine dihydrochloride (SA4503) on the number and firing pattern of spontaneously active dopamine (DA) neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) in anesthetized, male Sprague-Dawley rats. This was accomplished using the technique of in vivo extracellular single unit recording. The intravenous administration of SA4503 (0.01-1.28 mg/kg) did not significantly alter the firing rate or pattern of spontaneously active DA neurons in either the SNC or VTA. A single injection of either 0.1 or 0.3 mg/kg i.p. of SA4503 did not alter the number of spontaneously active SNC and VTA DA neurons. In contrast, a single injection of 1 mg/kg i.p. of SA4503 produced a significant decrease and increase in the number of spontaneously active SNC and VTA DA neurons, respectively. Overall, the firing pattern parameters of spontaneously active SNC DA neurons were altered more significantly than those of spontaneously active VTA DA neurons following the acute administration of SA4503. The repeated administration (one injection per day for 21 days) of 0.3 and 1 mg/kg i.p. of SA4503 produced a significant increase in the number of spontaneously active VTA DA neurons. In addition, the repeated administration of SA4503 produced a greater alteration of the firing pattern of spontaneously active VTA compared to SNC DA neurons. Our results suggest that the administration of SA4503 significantly alters the activity of spontaneously active midbrain DA neurons, particularly those in the VTA following repeated administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Minabe
- Division of Cortical Functional Disorders, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
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35
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Abstract
1. Sigma (sigma) receptors have recently been cloned, though their endogenous ligand(s) remain unidentified. However, some neuroactive steroids, such as progesterone, have a high affinity for these receptors. Some sigma ligands, such as DTG, (+)-pentazocine and DHEA, act as sigma 'agonists' by potentiating the neuronal response to NMDA. Others, such as haloperidol, NE-100 and progesterone, act as sigma 'antagonists' by reversing the potentiations induced by sigma 'agonists'. 2. We compared the effects of sigma 'agonists' in four series of female rats: in controls, at day 18 of pregnancy, at day 5 post-partum, and in ovariectomized rats following a 3-week treatment with a high dose of progesterone. 3. In pregnant rats and following a 3-week treatment with progesterone, 10 fold higher doses of DTG, (+)-pentazocine and DHEA were required to elicit a selective potentiation of the NMDA response comparable to that obtained in control females. Conversely, at day 5 post-partum and following the 3-week treatment with a progesterone and after a 5-day washout, the potentiation of the NMDA response induced by the sigma 'agonist' DTG was greater than in control females. 4. The present data suggest that endogenous progesterone acts as an 'antagonist' at sigma receptors. The resulting changes in the function of sigma receptors during pregnancy and post-partum may be implicated in emotional phenomena occurring during these periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Bergeron
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 940 Belmont Street, Brockton, MA, 0230 U.S.A
| | - Claude de Montigny
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1A1
| | - Guy Debonnel
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1A1
- Author for correspondence:
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36
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Maurice T, Phan VL, Noda Y, Yamada K, Privat A, Nabeshima T. The attenuation of learning impairments induced after exposure to CO or trimethyltin in mice by sigma (sigma) receptor ligands involves both sigma1 and sigma2 sites. Br J Pharmacol 1999; 127:335-42. [PMID: 10385231 PMCID: PMC1566026 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/1998] [Revised: 02/01/1999] [Accepted: 02/18/1999] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Sigma (sigma) receptor ligands were previously reported to alleviate learning and memory impairments on several pharmacological and pathological rodent models of amnesia. Such effect was demonstrated as involving the sigma1 subtype of sigma receptor. 2. In this study, we characterized the pharmacological effect mediated by sigma ligands on two lesional models of amnesia in mice: (1) the hypoxia-related learning and memory impairment model induced by repeated exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) gas; and (2) the intoxication with trimethyltin (1 mg kg(-1)). 3. The selective sigma1 ligand PRE-084 (1 mg kg(-1)) or the non-selective sigma1/sigma2 compounds DTG (0.1 mg kg(-1)), BD1008 (3 mg kg(-1)), and haloperidol (0.1 mg kg(-1)) reversed significantly the spontaneous alternation deficits observed 7 days after exposure to CO or 14 days after intoxication with trimethyltin. 4. The selective sigma1 receptor antagonist NE-100 (1 mg kg(-1)) was ineffective by itself, but blocked completely the PRE-084 effects, partially the DTG effects, and did not affect the effects induced by BD1008 or haloperidol. 5. A similar pharmacological profile was observed in the step-down type passive avoidance test performed 8 days after exposure to CO. 6. These results show that, in contrast to the previously reported amnesia models, the impairments induced after exposure to CO or intoxication with trimethyltin could be alleviated not only by sigma1 receptor agonists but also by sigma2 agonists. The particular pattern of neurodegeneration observed in these lesional models may explain these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Maurice
- INSERM U. 336, Développement, Plasticité et Vieillissement du Système Nerveux, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
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37
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Nakazato A, Ohta K, Sekiguchi Y, Okuyama S, Chaki S, Kawashima Y, Hatayama K. Design, synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and biological characterization of novel arylalkoxyphenylalkylamine sigma ligands as potential antipsychotic drugs. J Med Chem 1999; 42:1076-87. [PMID: 10090790 DOI: 10.1021/jm980212v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
sigma Receptor antagonists may be effective antipsychotic drugs that do not induce motor side effects caused by ingestion of classical drugs such as haloperidol. We obtained evidence that 1-(2-dipropylaminoethyl)-4-methoxy-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran hydrochloride 2a had selective affinity for sigma receptor over dopamine D2 receptor. This compound was designed to eliminate two bonds of apomorphine 1 to produce structural flexibility for the nitrogen atom and to bridge two benzene rings with a -CH2O- bond to maintain the planar structure. In light of the evidence, N, N-dipropyl-2-(4-methoxy-3-benzyloxylphenyl)ethylamine hydrochloride 10b was designed. Since compound 10b had eliminated a biphenyl bond of 6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran derivative 2a, it might be more released from the rigid structure of apomorphine 1 than compound 2a. The chemical modification of compound 10b led to the discovery that N, N-dipropyl-2- [4-methoxy-3-(2-phenylethoxyl)phenyl]ethylamine hydrochloride 10g (NE- 100), the best compound among arylalkoxyphenylalkylamine derivatives 3, had a high and selective affinity for sigma receptor and had a potent activity in an animal model when the drug was given orally. We report here the design, synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and biological characterization of novel arylalkoxyphenylalkylamine derivatives 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nakazato
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Ohmiya, Saitama 330-8530, Japan.
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38
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Yamamoto H, Miura R, Yamamoto T, Shinohara K, Watanabe M, Okuyama S, Nakazato A, Nukada T. Amino acid residues in the transmembrane domain of the type 1 sigma receptor critical for ligand binding. FEBS Lett 1999; 445:19-22. [PMID: 10069366 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The type 1 sigma receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes showed binding abilities for the sigma-1 ligands, [3H](+)pentazocine and [3H]NE-100, with similar kinetic properties as observed in native tissue membranes. Amino acid substitutions (Ser99Ala, Tyr103Phe and di-Leu105,106di-Ala) in the transmembrane domain did not alter the expression levels of the type 1 sigma receptor as determined by immunoblot analysis using an anti-type 1 sigma receptor antiserum. By contrast, ligand binding was significantly suppressed by the substitutions. These findings provide evidence that the transmembrane domain of the type 1 sigma receptor plays a critical role in ligand binding of this receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yamamoto
- Department of Psychopharmacology, Tokyo Institute of Psychiatry, Japan
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39
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Waterhouse RN, Collier TL, O'Brien JC. Synthesis of a selective sigma receptor radioligand for SPECT: [123I]-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-(4-iodophenoxymethyl)piperidine. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1344(199607)38:7<595::aid-jlcr882>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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40
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Reddy DS, Kulkarni SK. The effects of neurosteroids on acquisition and retention of a modified passive-avoidance learning task in mice. Brain Res 1998; 791:108-16. [PMID: 9593848 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00085-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of neurosteroids, pregnenolone sulfate (PS) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), on learning and memory processes in a modified passive-avoidance task in mice. The two parameters measured are number of passive-avoidance step-down descents and the active escape latency to reach shock-free zone. Each neurosteroid was administered 60 min before or immediately after the training session, or 60 min before the retention test given 24 h after acquisition. Pretraining injection of PS (0.125-10 mg/kg, s.c.) and DHEAS (0.125-10 mg/kg, s.c.) decreased the number of mistakes committed on training day but had no effect on the latency measure. Both PS (0.125-10 mg/kg, s.c.) and DHEAS (0.125-10 mg/kg, s.c.) decreased the number of mistakes and latency to reach shock-free zone, in a dose-dependent and bell-shaped manner, following pretraining and posttraining administration schedules. Neurosteroids failed to improve memory performance when administered 60 min before retention testing. Injection of PS (0.5 and 1 mg/kg) or DHEAS (1 and 5 mg/kg) before both the training and test sessions, however, also significantly facilitated memory retention. In addition, the memory-facilitating effects of PS (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) or DHEAS (1 mg/kg) when administered posttraining are blocked by concurrent administration of haloperidol (0.25 mg/kg, i.p.), a prototype sigma receptor antagonist. These results confirm that both PS and DHEAS facilitate retention of a modified learning task when given either pretraining or posttraining, but not prior to retention test. The pretraining neurosteroid-induced memory modulation do not involve state-dependent effects. These results suggest a role for central sigma receptor in the memory-modulating effects of neurosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Reddy
- Department of Pharmacology, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160 014, India
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41
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Ishiwata K, Noguchi J, Ishii S, Hatano K, Ito K, Nabeshima T, Senda M. Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of [11C]NE-100 labeled in two different positions as a PET sigma receptor ligand. Nucl Med Biol 1998; 25:195-202. [PMID: 9620623 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(97)00170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
N,N-Dipropyl-2-[4-methoxy-3-(2-phenylethoxy)phenyl]ethylamine (NE-100) was labeled with 11C in two different positions by the alkylation of an N-despropyl precursor with [11C]propyl iodide and of an O-desmethyl precursor with [11C]methyl iodide and was evaluated for the potential as a tracer for mapping sigma 1 receptors in the CNS and peripheral organs by PET. Following i.v. injection of [N-propyl-11C]NE-100 or [O-methyl-11C]NE-100 into mice, the two tracers showed similar tissue distribution patterns except for the liver and brain. With the coinjected carrier NE-100 or haloperidol, the uptake of [N-propyl-11C]NE-100 by the liver, pancreas and spleen was significantly decreased at 15 min after injection, whereas the effect was not significant for [O-methyl-11C]NE-100. The coinjection of NE-100 enhanced the brain uptake of the two tracers. Haloperidol also enhanced the brain uptake of [N-propyl-11C]NE-100, but not that of [O-methyl-11C]NE-100. The regional brain distribution assessed with [O-methyl-3H]NE-100 was consistent with the distribution pattern of the sigma receptors. Four sigma drugs reduced the regional brain uptake of [O-methyl-3H]NE-100 to 70%-90% of the control. In an ex vivo autoradiographic study of the rat brain, the uptake of [O-methyl-11C]NE-100 was blocked by carrier NE-100 or haloperidol (53%-59% of the control in the cortex), which suggests a receptor-specific distribution. These results show that [O-methyl-11C]NE-100 has limited potential as a PET ligand for mapping sigma 1 receptors in the peripheral organs and the CNS because of high nonspecific binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ishiwata
- Positron Medical Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi, Japan.
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42
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Nakazawa M, Matsuno K, Mita S. Activation of sigma1 receptor subtype leads to neuroprotection in the rat primary neuronal cultures. Neurochem Int 1998; 32:337-43. [PMID: 9596556 DOI: 10.1016/s0197-0186(97)00105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of sigma (sigma) receptor ligands-induced neuroprotective effects are controversial because both sigma receptors and phencyclidine (PCP) binding sites of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor channel complex have been reported to contribute to these neuroprotective effects. Thus, to clarify the role of sigma receptor in the neuroprotective effects, we examined the effects of 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine dihydrochloride (SA4503), a novel sigma1 receptor agonist with negligible affinity for the NMDA/PCP receptor channel complex, on the hypoxia/hypoglycemia- and exogenously applied NMDA-induced neurotoxicity in the rat primary neuronal cultures. A selective sigma1 receptor agonist, SA4503, significantly suppressed the hypoxia/hypoglycemia-induced neurotoxicity in the cultures, whereas this agonist failed to inhibit the NMDA-induced neurotoxicity. Similarly, (+)-pentazocine ((+)-PTZ), a prototype sigma1 receptor agonist, inhibited the hypoxia/hypoglycemia-induced neurotoxicity, whilst it did not affect the NMDA-induced toxicity in the cultures. These neuroprotective effects of SA4503 and (+)-PTZ were partially blocked by N,N-dipropyl-2-[4-methoxy-3-(2-phenylethoxy)phenyl]ethylamine monohydrochloride (NE-100), a putative sigma1 receptor antagonist. These results suggest that the sigma1 receptor subtype plays an important role in the sigma receptor ligands-induced neuroprotective effects via the regulation of excitatory amino acids (EAAs) release from the presynaptic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nakazawa
- Central Research Laboratories, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Higashiyodogawa, Osaka, Japan
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Senda T, Mita S, Kaneda K, Kikuchi M, Akaike A. Effect of SA4503, a novel sigma1 receptor agonist, against glutamate neurotoxicity in cultured rat retinal neurons. Eur J Pharmacol 1998; 342:105-11. [PMID: 9544798 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(97)01450-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effects of sigma1 receptor agonists against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in cultured retinal neurons. Primary cultures obtained from fetal rat retinas (16-19 d gestation) were used. The neurotoxic effect of glutamate was quantitatively assessed using the trypan blue exclusion method. A brief exposure of retinal cultures to glutamate (500 microM) led to delayed neuronal cell death. The glutamate-induced neurotoxicity was inhibited by (5R,10S)-(+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo-[a,b]-cyclohepten-5 ,10-imine hydrogen maleate (MK-801). The sigma1 receptor agonists, 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)-4-(3-phenylpropyl)-piperazine dihydrochloride (SA4503) and (+)-pentazocine at a concentration range of 0.1 approximately 100 microM reduced the glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the neuroprotective effects of both SA4503 and (+)-pentazocine were antagonized by co-treatment with N,N-dipropyl-2-[4-methoxy-3-(2-phenylethoxy)phenyl]ethylamine monohydrochloride (NE-100), a putative sigma1 receptor antagonist. These findings suggest that sigma1 receptor agonists protect retinal cells against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Senda
- Discovery Research Division, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
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Shiue CY, Shiue GG, Zhang SX, Wilder S, Greenberg JH, Benard F, Wortman JA, Alavi AA. N-(N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)-2-[18F]fluorobenzamide: a potential ligand for PET imaging of sigma receptors. Nucl Med Biol 1997; 24:671-6. [PMID: 9352539 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(97)00097-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Four nitro- and fluorobenzamides (1-4) have been synthesized in good yields from nitro- and fluoro-substituted benzoyl chloride with 4-amino-1-benzylpiperidine. In vitro studies showed that these compounds have high affinities to sigma receptors. N-(N-Benzylpiperidin-4-yl)-2-fluorobenzamide (3), in particular, bound to sigma receptors with high affinity (Ki = 3.4 nM, guinea pig brain membranes) and high selectivity (sigma-2/sigma-1 = 120). It was, therefore, labeled with 18F and evaluated as a sigma receptor radioligand. N-(N-Benzylpiperidin-4-yl)-2-[18F]fluorobenzamide (3a) was synthesized in one step by nucleophile substitution of the 2-nitro precursor (1) with [18F]fluoride in DMSO at 140 degrees C for 20 min followed by purification with HPLC in 4-10% yield (decay corrected). The synthesis time was 90 min and the specific activity was 0.4-1.0 Ci/mumol. Tissue distribution in mice revealed that the uptakes of 3a in the brain, heart, liver, lungs, spleen, kidneys and small intestine were high, and the radioactivity in these organs remained constant from 60 to 120 min post-injection. The radioactivity in the bone did not significantly increase, suggesting in vivo defluorination may not be the major route of metabolism of 3a in mice. Blocking studies with haloperidol in rats indicated that the uptake of compound 3a in the rat brain was selective to haloperidol-sensitive sigma sites. These results suggest that compound 3a is a potent sigma receptor radioligand and may be a potential ligand for PET imaging of sigma receptors in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Shiue
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA
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Ucar H, Cacciaguerra S, Spampinato S, Van derpoorten K, Isa M, Kanyonyo M, Poupaert JH. 2(3H)-benzoxazolone and 2(3H)-benzothiazolone derivatives: novel, potent and selective sigma1 receptor ligands. Eur J Pharmacol 1997; 335:267-73. [PMID: 9369382 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(97)01248-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of original 2(3H)-benzoxazolone and 2(3H)-benzothiazolone derivatives were evaluated for their affinity at sigma1 and sigma2 receptor subtypes in competition binding experiments, using [3H](+)-pentazocine or [3H]1,3-di-o-tolyl-guanidine (DTG) in the presence of 100 nM (+)-N-allylnormetazocine (NANM) in guinea-pig brain membranes. Several of these derivatives showed preferential selectivity for sigma1 binding sites. Compound 1 [3-(1-piperidinoethyl)-6-propylbenzothiazolin-2-one] emerged as a potent sigma1 receptor ligand (Ki = 0.6 nM) and displayed a moderate selectivity over the sigma2 receptor subtype (Ki for sigma2/Ki for sigma1 = 29). Compounds 2 [3-(1-piperidinopropyl)-6-propanoylbenzothiazolin-2-one] and 3 [3-(1-piperidinopropyl)-6-propanoylbenzoxazolin-2-one] still showed rather high affinities for sigma1 binding sites with Ki values of 2.3 and 8.5 nM, respectively. On the contrary, they had 87- and 58-fold less affinity at sigma2 receptors, respectively. Unlike their potent affinity for sigma binding sites, these compounds had negligible affinity for mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid receptors, 5-HT2, dopamine D2, and muscarinic M2 receptors. Sigma receptor ligands may affect neuronal transmission and display, in animal models, antipsychotic, cognitive, motor, neuroprotective and anticonvulsant activity. Therefore, on the basis of these findings, these novel sigma receptor ligands were assayed, in mice, in three tests: maximal electroshock, subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol and rotarod neurotoxicity. Compound 1, administered intraperitoneally, was the most effective against maximal electroshock-induced seizures and was devoid of significant neurotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ucar
- Unité de Chimie Pharmaceutique et de Radiopharmacie, Ecole de Pharmacie, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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Kobayashi T, Matsuno K, Murai M, Mita S. Sigma 1 receptor subtype is involved in the facilitation of cortical dopaminergic transmission in the rat brain. Neurochem Res 1997; 22:1105-9. [PMID: 9251100 DOI: 10.1023/a:1027361101419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that three sigma (sigma) receptor ligands, (+)-N-allylnormetazocine ((+)-SKF-10,047), (+/-)-pentazocine and 1,3-di(2-tolyl)guanidine (DTG) differently regulated the dopamine (DA) transmission in the rat brain. In the present study, we attempted to clarify the role of sigma 1 receptor subtype in the regulation of DA transmission using a novel and selective sigma 1 receptor agonist, 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)-4(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine dihydrochloride (SA4503) in the rat brain. Acute administration of SA4503 (1.0 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly increased DA and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels in the rat frontal cortex, but not in the other six regions, hippocampus, striatum, midbrain, cerebellum, medulla/pons and hypothalamus. The increase of cortical DA level elicited by SA4503 was fully reversed by N,N-dipropyl-2-(4-methoxy-3-(2-phenylethoxy)phenyl)ethylamine (NE-100) (0.25 mg/kg, p.o.), a putative sigma 1 receptor antagonist. In addition, SA4503 (1.0 mg/kg, p.o.) showed an increase of cortical L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) accumulation under the inhibition of dopa decarboxylase activity with m-hydrobenzylhydrazine (NSD-1015), suggesting that SA4503 has activated the cortical DA synthesis rate. These results suggest that the sigma 1 receptor subtype plays an important role in the facilitation of cortical DA transmission. In addition, this phenomenon is partially involved in the augmentation of DA synthesis rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kobayashi
- Central Research Laboratories, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
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Waterhouse RN, Mardon K, Giles KM, Collier TL, O'Brien JC. Halogenated 4-(phenoxymethyl)piperidines as potential radiolabeled probes for sigma-1 receptors: in vivo evaluation of [123I]-1-(iodopropen-2-yl)-4-[(4-cyanophenoxy)methyl]pip eri dine. J Med Chem 1997; 40:1657-67. [PMID: 9171875 DOI: 10.1021/jm960720+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Several halogenated 4-(4-phenoxymethyl)piperidines were synthesized as potential sigma receptor ligands. The affinity and selectivity of these compounds were determined using in vitro receptor binding assays, and their log P values were estimated using HPLC analysis. The effect of various N-substituents on the sigma-1 and sigma-2 dissociation constants was examined. These substituents included fluoroalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, iodopropenyl, and selected ortho-, meta-, and para-substituted benzyl groups. Also determined were the effects of various moieties on the phenoxy ring; specifically 4-iodo, 4-bromo, 4-nitro, 4-cyano, 3-bromo, and pentafluoro substituents were examined. The ranges in the dissociation constants of these compounds for sigma-1 and sigma-2 receptors were 0.38-24.3 and 3.9-361 nM, respectively. The ratio of Ki (sigma-2/sigma-1) ranged from 1.19 to 121. One of the most promising of the iodinated ligands, 1-(trans-iodopropen-2-yl)-4-[(4-cyanophenoxy)methyl]piperidi ne (4), was labeled with 123I and studied in vivo in adult male rats. High uptake and good retention of radioactivity was observed in the brain and many other organs known to possess sigma receptors. Blocking studies revealed high specific binding of [123I]-4 to sigma receptors in the brain, lung, kidney, heart, muscle, and other organs known to possess these sites. These results indicate that [123I]-4 and other halogenated 4-(phenoxymethyl)piperidines of this series may provide useful probes for in vivo tomographic studies of sigma receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Waterhouse
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, ANSTO, Menai NSW, Australia
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Senda T, Matsuno K, Kobayashi T, Mita S. Reduction of the scopolamine-induced impairment of passive-avoidance performance by sigma receptor agonist in mice. Physiol Behav 1997; 61:257-64. [PMID: 9035256 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9384(96)00447-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We examined the ameliorating effects of several sigma receptor agonists on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice. Scopolamine was administered IP 30 min before the training session. Each sigma receptor agonist was administered 60 min before or immediately after the training session, or 60 min before the retention test in the passive-avoidance performance experiments. (+)-N-Allylnormetazocine ((+)-SKF-10,047), a prototype sigma 1 receptor agonist, showed an ameliorating effect on the scopolamine-induced memory impairment in these 3 administration schedules, and (-)-SKF-10,047, a stereoisomer with low affinity for the sigma 1 receptor subtype, failed to reduce this memory impairment in mice. In addition, 1,3-di(2-toly1)guanidine (DTG) and (+)-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N-(1-propyl)piperizine ((+)-3-PPP), nonselective sigma receptor agonists, did not affect this memory impairment. Physostigmine, an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, alleviated the scopolamine-induced memory impairment in all these drug administration schedules. In addition, (+)-SKF-10,047-induced antiamnesic effect was antagonized by the concurrent administration of haloperidol, a sigma receptor antagonist, or N,N-dipropyl-2-(4-methoxy-3-(2-phenylethoxy) phenyl)ethylamine monohydrochloride (NE-100), a selective sigma 1 receptor antagonist. These findings indicate that the sigma 1 receptor agonist has ameliorating effects on all phases of learning and memory processes. This profile of sigma 1 receptor agonist is similar to that of an AChE inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Senda
- New Drug Research, Central Research Laboratories, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
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Jin J, Yamamoto T, Watanabe S. The involvement of sigma receptors in the choice reaction performance deficits induced by phencyclidine. Eur J Pharmacol 1997; 319:147-52. [PMID: 9042584 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(96)00858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of phencyclidine (PCP) on choice reaction in a 3-choice serial reaction time task for studying attentional function. PCP (3.2 mg/kg) significantly delayed choice reaction time and reduced choice accuracy. A novel sigma receptor antagonist N,N-dipropyl-2-[4-methoxy-3-(2-phenylethoxy)phenyl]-ethylamine monohydrochloride (NE-100) at 3.2 mg/kg, and 1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-[2'-4"-fluorophenyl)-2'-oxoethyl]piperidin e HBr (DuP734) at 1.0-3.2 mg/kg, but not 4-[2'-(4"-cyanophenyl)-2'-oxoethyl]-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)pip eridine (XJ448), antagonized both the delayed choice reaction time and the decreased choice accuracy elicited by PCP administration. The antagonism induced by NE-100 was blocked by the sigma receptor agonist (+)-N-allylnormetazocine HCl [(+)-SKF10,047]. These findings indicated that PCP (3.2 mg/kg) significantly induced attention deficit in a 3-choice serial reaction time task, and that this process may be mediated by sigma receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Hashimoto K, Narita N, Tomitaka S, Iyo M, Minabe Y. In vivo regulation of serotonin 5-HT2A receptors in rat brain by subchronic administration of sigma receptor ligand NE-100. Life Sci 1997; 60:2245-54. [PMID: 9188767 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(97)00239-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the effect of the novel sigma receptor ligand NE-100 on 5-hydroxytryptamine-2A (5-HT2A) receptor binding in rat brain using an in vivo approach. Rats received intraperitoneal injections of either vehicle (1 ml/kg) or NE-100 (3 mg/kg) twice daily for 14 days. The in vivo binding of [3H]RP 62203, a selective 5-HT2A receptor radioligand, to 5-HT2A receptors in the rat brain was examined at 1, 3 or 7 days after final treatment. The specific binding of [3H]RP 62203 in the frontal cortex, parietal cortex and occipital cortex 1 day after subchronic administration of NE-100 was significantly increased as compared to animals treated with vehicle. In contrast, specific binding in the frontal cortex and parietal cortex 3 days after subchronic administration of NE-100 was significantly decreased as compared with the vehicle treated group. Seven days after the last injection of NE-100 or vehicle, there were no significant differences between the NE-100 and vehicle treated groups in [3H]RP 62203 binding in all the regions examined except for the hippocampus. These findings indicate that subchronic treatment with NE-100 may regulate the in vivo binding characteristics of 5-HT2A receptors in the cerebral cortex of rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hashimoto
- Division of Cortical Function Disorders, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan.
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