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Yu Y, Zhou G, Du J, Zhu H, Guan H, Bi Y, Zhang D. Hypophysitis after COVID-19 vaccination in a patient with Rathke's cleft cyst: A case report. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2297455. [PMID: 38174857 PMCID: PMC10773625 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2297455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
With the widespread vaccination of COVID-19 vaccine, a few cases have been reported that COVID-19 vaccine may cause endocrine disorders. A 59-y-old man presented with a loss of appetite after the first COVID-19 vaccination, which resolved spontaneously after 3 d. After the second COVID-19 vaccination, the symptoms including the loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting reappeared and worsened along with loss of vision. He was found to have severe hyponatremia, and further investigations revealed secondary adrenal insufficiency, secondary hypothyroidism and Rathke's cleft cyst. The patient responded well to glucocorticoid and levothyroxine supplementation, and at 1-y follow-up the patient developed hypogonadism. We hypothesize that hypophysitis is probably induced by COVID-19 vaccine and report the rare but serious adverse reactions for early recognition and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Yulin Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Yulin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guangxin Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haojun Guan
- Department of Endocrinology, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongmin Bi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Da Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, Beijing, China
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Vena W, Pigni S, Betella N, Navarra A, Mirani M, Mazziotti G, Lania AG, Bossi AC. COVID-19 vaccines and blood glucose control: Friend or foe? Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2363068. [PMID: 38860457 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2363068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To overview the recent literature regarding the relationship between COVID-19 vaccines and glycemic control. METHODS Data were extracted from text and tables of all available articles published up to September 2023 in PubMed Database describing glucose homeostasis data in subjects exposed to COVID-19 vaccines, focusing on patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). RESULTS It is debated if the immune system impairment observed in diabetic patients makes them susceptible to lower efficacy of vaccines, but evidence suggests a possible improvement in immune response in those with good glycemic control. Despite their proven protective role lowering infection rates and disease severity, COVID-19 vaccines can result in diabetic ketoacidosis, new-onset diabetes, or episodes of hyper- or hypoglycemia. CONCLUSIONS Evidence with COVID-19 vaccines highlights the strong relationship existing between DM and immune system function. Clinicians should strive to achieve optimal glucose control before vaccination and promptly manage possible glucose homeostasis derangement following vaccine exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Vena
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- Diabetes Center, Humanitas Gavazzeni Institute, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Stella Pigni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Medical Andrology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco Mirani
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Medical Andrology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Gherardo Mazziotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Medical Andrology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Andrea G Lania
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Medical Andrology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Antonio C Bossi
- Diabetes Center, Humanitas Gavazzeni Institute, Bergamo, Italy
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Villanueva P, McDonald E, Croda J, Croda MG, Dalcolmo M, dos Santos G, Jardim B, Lacerda M, Lynn DJ, Marshall H, Oliveira RD, Rocha J, Sawka A, Val F, Pittet LF, Messina NL, Curtis N. Factors influencing adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2323853. [PMID: 38445666 PMCID: PMC10936640 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2323853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Various novel platform technologies have been used for the development of COVID-19 vaccines. In this nested cohort study among healthcare workers in Australia and Brazil who received three different COVID-19-specific vaccines, we (a) evaluated the incidence of adverse events following immunization (AEFI); (b) compared AEFI by vaccine type, dose and country; (c) identified factors influencing the incidence of AEFI; and (d) assessed the association between reactogenicity and vaccine anti-spike IgG antibody responses. Of 1302 participants who received homologous 2-dose regimens of ChAdOx1-S (Oxford-AstraZeneca), BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) or CoronaVac (Sinovac), 1219 (94%) completed vaccine reaction questionnaires. Following the first vaccine dose, the incidence of any systemic reaction was higher in ChAdOx1-S recipients (374/806, 46%) compared with BNT162b2 (55/151, 36%; p = 0.02) or CoronaVac (26/262, 10%; p < 0.001) recipients. After the second vaccine dose, the incidence of any systemic reaction was higher in BNT162b2 recipients (66/151, 44%) compared with ChAdOx1-S (164/806, 20%; p < 0.001) or CoronaVac (23/262, 9%; p < 0.001) recipients. AEFI risk was higher in younger participants, females, participants in Australia, and varied by vaccine type and dose. Prior COVID-19 did not impact the risk of AEFI. Participants in Australia compared with Brazil reported a higher incidence of any local reaction (170/231, 74% vs 222/726, 31%, p < 0.001) and any systemic reaction (171/231, 74% vs 328/726, 45%, p < 0.001), regardless of vaccine type. Following a primary course of ChAdOx1-S or CoronaVac vaccination, participants who did not report AEFI seroconverted at a similar rate to those who reported local or systemic reactions. In conclusion, we found that the incidence of AEFI was influenced by participant age and COVID-19 vaccine type, and differed between participants in Australia and Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Villanueva
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Infection, Immunity & Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Infectious Diseases, Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of General Medicine, Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ellie McDonald
- Infection, Immunity & Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Julio Croda
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
- Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mariana Garcia Croda
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Margareth Dalcolmo
- Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Glauce dos Santos
- Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno Jardim
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Carlos Borborema Clinical Research Unit, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Marcus Lacerda
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - David J. Lynn
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Helen Marshall
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide and Department of Paediatrics, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Roberto D. Oliveira
- Nursing Course, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Dourados, MS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Jorge Rocha
- Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alice Sawka
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- University of Adelaide Medical School, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Fernando Val
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Carlos Borborema Clinical Research Unit, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Laure F. Pittet
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Infection, Immunity & Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Infectious Diseases, Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicole L. Messina
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Infection, Immunity & Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Infection, Immunity & Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Infectious Diseases, Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Chelly S, Jaziri S, Ammar A, Ezzi O, Douss N, Saffar S, Tritar M, Njah M, Mahjoub M. Safety and efficiency of COVID-19 vaccine in North Africa. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2306703. [PMID: 38304972 PMCID: PMC10841012 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2306703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In the absence of a specific treatment for COVID-19, preventive measures have been implemented to control this pandemic and vaccination is one of them. However, it is crucial to verify the safety and efficiency of every vaccine. The aim was to determinate the predictive factors of side effects and reinfection after COVID-19 vaccine. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in February 2022 among Tunisians infected with COVID-19 between March 2020 and February 2022, using an online self-administered questionnaire. We conducted univariate and multivariate analyses using binary stepwise logistic regression. Results A total of 1541 was selected from 1911 individuals. Comorbidities affected a quarter of the population (22.3%). Before the initial infection, 39.3% had received full vaccination, and 8.7% had received partial vaccination. By February 2022, the majority (82.9%) had received at least two vaccine doses. The reinfection rate was 30.6%. All vaccines prior to the first infection was identified as a protective factor against reinfection. Inactivated virus vaccinations were less likely to induce adverse effects. Conclusion ach vaccine has its own set of advantages and disadvantages: mRNA-based vaccines had a higher incidence of side effects but all vaccines provided better protection against reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souhir Chelly
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Infection Prevention and Control Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Shayma Jaziri
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Infection Prevention and Control Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Asma Ammar
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Infection Prevention and Control Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Ezzi
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Infection Prevention and Control Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Nour Douss
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Infection Prevention and Control Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Saffar
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Infection Prevention and Control Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Marouen Tritar
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Infection Prevention and Control Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mansour Njah
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Infection Prevention and Control Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Mahjoub
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Infection Prevention and Control Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
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Jaber HM, Ebdah S, Al Haj Mahmoud SA, Abu-Qatouseh L, Jaber YH. Comparison of T cells mediated immunity and side effects of mRNA vaccine and conventional COVID-19 vaccines administrated in Jordan. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2333104. [PMID: 38584118 PMCID: PMC11000609 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2333104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Various COVID-19 vaccines can affect the immune system. Discrepancies have been noted in immune system characteristics, such as T-lymphocyte levels, between vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals. This study investigates the variations in immune responses among the four administered COVID-19 vaccines, influencing factors, and clinical outcomes in Jordan. A total of 350 adults, who were at least two doses vaccinated, were interviewed and blood samples were collected for subsequent laboratory analyses. The study involved the quantification of T-cells specifically targeting anti-SARS CoV-2 using Flow cytometry analysis. BNT162b2 (Pfizer) recipients displayed significantly higher CD3+/CD4+ T-helper cell responses (90.84%, 87.46% - 94.22%) compared to non-Pfizer-BioNTech recipients {BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) and Sputnik V (Gamaleya Research Institute), then ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca)} (83.62%, 77.91% - 89.33%). The CD3+/CD8+ (T cytotoxic) level was notably elevated in non-Pfizer-BioNTech recipients {Sinopharm and Sputnik V then ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 AstraZeneca (73.94%, 69.38% - 78.49%) compared to BNT162b2 (Pfizer) recipients (58.26%, 53.07% - 63.44%). The CD3+ (T-cells) level showed no significant difference between BNT162b2 recipients (73.74%) and non-Pfizer-BioNTech recipients (77.83%), with both types generating T-cells. Comparing two doses of non-Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines with the third dose of BNT162b2 recipients (Pfizer), no difference in the type of immune reaction was observed, with non-Pfizer-BioNTech recipients still stimulating endogenous pathways like cell-mediated cytotoxic effects for cells. All COVID-19 vaccines administered in Jordan were effective, with respect to the total number of T cells. Non-Pfizer-BioNTech had higher in toxic T-cells and Pfizer-BioNTech was higher in helper T-cells that stimulate plasma cells to produce antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatim M. Jaber
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Saja Ebdah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Jordan University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sameer A. Al Haj Mahmoud
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Luay Abu-Qatouseh
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
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Dutcher EG, Epel ES, Mason AE, Hecht FM, Robinson JE, Drury SS, Prather AA. COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effects and Long-Term Neutralizing Antibody Response : A Prospective Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med 2024. [PMID: 38857503 DOI: 10.7326/m23-2956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concern about side effects is a common reason for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy. OBJECTIVE To determine whether short-term side effects of SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccination are associated with subsequent neutralizing antibody (nAB) response. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING San Francisco Bay Area. PARTICIPANTS Adults who had not been vaccinated against or exposed to SARS-CoV-2, who then received 2 doses of either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273. MEASUREMENTS Serum nAB titer at 1 month and 6 months after the second vaccine dose. Daily symptom surveys and objective biometric measurements at each dose. RESULTS 363 participants were included in symptom-related analyses (65.6% female; mean age, 52.4 years [SD, 11.9]), and 147 were included in biometric-related analyses (66.0% female; mean age, 58.8 years [SD, 5.3]). Chills, tiredness, feeling unwell, and headache after the second dose were each associated with 1.4 to 1.6 fold higher nAB at 1 and 6 months after vaccination. Symptom count and vaccination-induced change in skin temperature and heart rate were all positively associated with nAB across both follow-up time points. Each 1 °C increase in skin temperature after dose 2 was associated with 1.8 fold higher nAB 1 month later and 3.1 fold higher nAB 6 months later. LIMITATIONS The study was conducted in 2021 in people receiving the primary vaccine series, making generalizability to people with prior SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or exposure unclear. Whether the observed associations would also apply for neutralizing activity against non-ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strains is also unknown. CONCLUSION Convergent self-report and objective biometric findings indicate that short-term systemic side effects of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination are associated with greater long-lasting nAB responses. This may be relevant in addressing negative attitudes toward vaccine side effects, which are a barrier to vaccine uptake. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE National Institute on Aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan G Dutcher
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Center for Health and Community, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (E.G.D., E.S.E., A.A.P.)
| | - Elissa S Epel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Center for Health and Community, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (E.G.D., E.S.E., A.A.P.)
| | - Ashley E Mason
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (A.E.M.)
| | - Frederick M Hecht
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (F.M.H.)
| | - James E Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.E.R.)
| | - Stacy S Drury
- Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Psychiatry, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children's Hospital, Brookline, Massachusetts (S.S.D.)
| | - Aric A Prather
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Center for Health and Community, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (E.G.D., E.S.E., A.A.P.)
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Lang AL, Hohmuth N, Višković V, Konigorski S, Scholz S, Balzer F, Remschmidt C, Leistner R. COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness and Digital Pandemic Surveillance in Germany (eCOV Study): Web Application-Based Prospective Observational Cohort Study. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e47070. [PMID: 38833299 DOI: 10.2196/47070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic posed significant challenges to global health systems. Efficient public health responses required a rapid and secure collection of health data to improve the understanding of SARS-CoV-2 and examine the vaccine effectiveness (VE) and drug safety of the novel COVID-19 vaccines. OBJECTIVE This study (COVID-19 study on vaccinated and unvaccinated subjects over 16 years; eCOV study) aims to (1) evaluate the real-world effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines through a digital participatory surveillance tool and (2) assess the potential of self-reported data for monitoring key parameters of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. METHODS Using a digital study web application, we collected self-reported data between May 1, 2021, and August 1, 2022, to assess VE, test positivity rates, COVID-19 incidence rates, and adverse events after COVID-19 vaccination. Our primary outcome measure was the VE of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines against laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. The secondary outcome measures included VE against hospitalization and across different SARS-CoV-2 variants, adverse events after vaccination, and symptoms during infection. Logistic regression models adjusted for confounders were used to estimate VE 4 to 48 weeks after the primary vaccination series and after third-dose vaccination. Unvaccinated participants were compared with age- and gender-matched participants who had received 2 doses of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and those who had received 3 doses of BNT162b2 and were not infected before the last vaccination. To assess the potential of self-reported digital data, the data were compared with official data from public health authorities. RESULTS We enrolled 10,077 participants (aged ≥16 y) who contributed 44,786 tests and 5530 symptoms. In this young, primarily female, and digital-literate cohort, VE against infections of any severity waned from 91.2% (95% CI 70.4%-97.4%) at week 4 to 37.2% (95% CI 23.5%-48.5%) at week 48 after the second dose of BNT162b2. A third dose of BNT162b2 increased VE to 67.6% (95% CI 50.3%-78.8%) after 4 weeks. The low number of reported hospitalizations limited our ability to calculate VE against hospitalization. Adverse events after vaccination were consistent with previously published research. Seven-day incidences and test positivity rates reflected the course of the pandemic in Germany when compared with official numbers from the national infectious disease surveillance system. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that COVID-19 vaccinations are safe and effective, and third-dose vaccinations partially restore protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study showcased the successful use of a digital study web application for COVID-19 surveillance and continuous monitoring of VE in Germany, highlighting its potential to accelerate public health decision-making. Addressing biases in digital data collection is vital to ensure the accuracy and reliability of digital solutions as public health tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nils Hohmuth
- d4l Data4Life gGmbH, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Konigorski
- Digital Health Center, Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Engineering, Potsdam, Germany
- Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Stefan Scholz
- Health Services Research and Health Economics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle Saale, Germany
| | - Felix Balzer
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Rasmus Leistner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Jeon HJ, Lee WS, Park JE, Hwang JY, Kim JW. COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccination does not affect basal sex hormone levels (follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol) in reproductive-age women. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2024; 51:151-157. [PMID: 38525522 PMCID: PMC11140255 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2023.06107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE People vaccinated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 [SARS-CoV-2]) mRNA vaccine have reported experiencing various adverse effects. For instance, reproductive-age women have presented with complaints of abnormal uterine bleeding or menstrual cycle changes. We speculated that differences in basal sex hormone levels before and after vaccination may be present in women who experienced irregular bleeding or menstrual cycle changes; thus, this study aimed to investigate the differences in basal sex hormone levels of women before and after two doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. METHODS This retrospective study included patients who received SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines between January 2021 and February 2022 at a single center. In an outpatient setting, patients were queried regarding their menstrual cycle, the date of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination, vaccination type, and vaccination side effects. Differences in basal hormone levels (menstrual cycle days 2-3, follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH], luteinizing hormone [LH], and estradiol) before and after vaccination were compared. RESULTS Among the 326 patients, patients with no laboratory records of the hormones were excluded. The median time interval between SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination and the laboratory test day was 79 days (interquartile range, 44 to 127). A comparative analysis of these hormones before and after vaccination revealed no significant differences. Subgroup analyses based on age and reported adverse events also found no statistically significant differences. CONCLUSION This study showed no significant differences in basal hormone levels (FSH, LH, and estradiol) before and after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeng Jun Jeon
- CHA Fertility Center Gangnam, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sik Lee
- CHA Fertility Center Gangnam, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Park
- CHA Fertility Center Gangnam, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Hwang
- CHA Fertility Center Gangnam, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Kim
- CHA Fertility Center Gangnam, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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9
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Dinagde DD, Degefa BD, Kitil GW, Feyisa GT, Marami SN. SARS-CoV-2 infection after COVID-19 vaccinations among vaccinated individuals, prevention rate of COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30609. [PMID: 38737290 PMCID: PMC11087980 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The global concern regarding protection against the COVID-19 variants through pre-existing antibodies from vaccination or previous infection is evident. Reports from around the world indicate that a considerable number of healthcare professionals/individuals experience re-infection despite being vaccinated. Moreover, several studies have highlighted cases of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 re-infection, specifically among individuals who have been vaccinated. Understanding the factors that contribute to these re-infections is crucial for implementing effective public health measures and enhancing vaccination strategies. Method A comprehensive search was conducted between January 1, 2021, and February 14, 2024, using various reputable sources such as PubMed, Google scholar, Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, and others. The search aimed to retrieve relevant research on topics related to "world nations" and phrases like "COVID-19 vaccination breakthrough infection," "SARS re-infection after COVID-19 vaccination," "COVID-19 vaccine complication," "post COVID-19 vaccination symptoms," and specific nation names. The data obtained from the databases underwent extraction and quality assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses. Data analysis was performed using STATA17MP software, and measures such as the I2 test statistic and Egger's test were used to assess heterogeneity and publication bias. The findings were presented using forest plots, displaying the odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI). Result This review and meta-analysis comprised a total of 15 articles, or a total sample size of 342,598. The pooled prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 after vaccination of COVID-19 was 9 % (95CI 7%-11 %) of population globally. This implied that reduced the overall attack rate of COVID-19 by 91 % after vaccination. The highest pooled estimated of SARS-CoV-2 infection after COVID -19 Vaccinations was seen among developing nations, 20 % (95 % CI: 5%-36 %).The pooled odds ratio showed that a significant association was found between SARS-CoV-2 infection after COVID-19 vaccination and older age (OR = 2.04; 95%CI: 1.10-2.98) and comorbidity (OR = 3.25; 95%CI: 1.04-5.47). Conclusion It is important for policymakers to prioritize continuous monitoring and surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 infection rates among vaccinated individuals globally, as there is a significant estimate of the combined prevalence of post-COVID-19 vaccine SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagne Deresa Dinagde
- Departments of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Mattu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
| | - Bekam Dibaba Degefa
- Departments of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Mattu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
| | - Gemeda Wakgari Kitil
- Departments of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Mattu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
| | - Gizu Tola Feyisa
- Departments of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Mattu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
| | - Shambel Negese Marami
- Departments of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Mattu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
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Du P, Lam WC, Leung C, Li H, Lyu Z, Yuen CS, Cheung CH, Lam TF, Bian Z, Zhong L. Efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine to prevent and treat COVID-19 household close contacts in Hong Kong: an open-label, randomized controlled trial. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1359331. [PMID: 38799438 PMCID: PMC11116634 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1359331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the efficacy and safety of CHM in the prevention of COVID-19 infection and treatment for COVID-19 related symptoms. Design Prospective open-label randomized controlled trial. Setting Participants' home in Hong Kong. Participants Participants who had household close contact with COVID-19-infected family members. Interventions Close contacts were stratified into 4 groups (cohort A, B, C, D) based on symptoms and infection status and were randomized in 4:1 ratio to receive CHM granules (9g/sachet, two times daily) or blank control for 7 days with 2 weeks of follow-up. Main outcome measures The primary outcome measure was the rate of positive nucleic acid tests. Secondary outcomes were the proportion of developed COVID-19 related symptoms and adverse events during the whole 3-week study period. Subgroup analysis was used to evaluate demographic factors associated with positive infection rates. Results A total of 2163 contacts were enrolled and randomly assigned to the CHM group (1720 contacts) and blank control (443 contacts) group. During the 21 days, the rate of PCR-positive cases in cohort A was markedly lower in the CHM group (3.6%) compared to the control group (7.0%) (P=0.036). Overall, the rate of infection in the CHM group was significantly lower than that in the control group (10.69% vs. 6.03%; RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.39-0.82) after 7-day treatment. No serious adverse events were reported during the medication period. Conclusion The preliminary findings indicate that CHM may be effective and safe in preventing COVID-19. Future double-blind, randomized controlled trials and long-term follow-up are needed to fully evaluate the efficacy of CHM in a larger contact population. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT05269511.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Du
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai Ching Lam
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Biomedical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Choryin Leung
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huijuan Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zipan Lyu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Biomedical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chun Sum Yuen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun Hoi Cheung
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tsz Fung Lam
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Bian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Linda Zhong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Biomedical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Saraf A, Gurjar R, Kaviraj S, Kulkarni A, Kumar D, Kulkarni R, Virkar R, Krishnan J, Yadav A, Baranwal E, Singh A, Raghuwanshi A, Agarwal P, Savergave L, Singh S. An Omicron-specific, self-amplifying mRNA booster vaccine for COVID-19: a phase 2/3 randomized trial. Nat Med 2024; 30:1363-1372. [PMID: 38637636 PMCID: PMC11108772 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02955-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Here we conducted a multicenter open-label, randomized phase 2 and 3 study to assess the safety and immunogenicity of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron-specific (BA.1/B.1.1.529), monovalent, thermostable, self-amplifying mRNA vaccine, GEMCOVAC-OM, when administered intradermally as a booster in healthy adults who had received two doses of BBV152 or ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. GEMCOVAC-OM was well tolerated with no related serious adverse events in both phase 2 and phase 3. In phase 2, the safety and immunogenicity of GEMCOVAC-OM was compared with our prototype mRNA vaccine GEMCOVAC-19 (D614G variant-specific) in 140 participants. At day 29 after vaccination, there was a significant rise in anti-spike (BA.1) IgG antibodies with GEMCOVAC-OM (P < 0.0001) and GEMCOVAC-19 (P < 0.0001). However, the IgG titers (primary endpoint) and seroconversion were higher with GEMCOVAC-OM (P < 0.0001). In phase 3, GEMCOVAC-OM was compared with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in 3,140 participants (safety cohort), which included an immunogenicity cohort of 420 participants. At day 29, neutralizing antibody titers against the BA.1 variant of SARS-CoV-2 were significantly higher than baseline in the GEMCOVAC-OM arm (P < 0.0001), but not in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 arm (P = 0.1490). GEMCOVAC-OM was noninferior (primary endpoint) and superior to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in terms of neutralizing antibody titers and seroconversion rate (lower bound 95% confidence interval of least square geometric mean ratio >1 and difference in seroconversion >0% for superiority). At day 29, anti-spike IgG antibodies and seroconversion (secondary endpoints) were significantly higher with GEMCOVAC-OM (P < 0.0001). These results demonstrate that GEMCOVAC-OM is safe and boosts immune responses against the B.1.1.529 variant. Clinical Trial Registry India identifier: CTRI/2022/10/046475 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Saraf
- Gennova Biopharmaceuticals Limited, Pune, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Ruta Kulkarni
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be University), Pune, India
| | - Rashmi Virkar
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be University), Pune, India
| | | | | | - Ekta Baranwal
- JSS Medical Research, Haryana, India
- Cytel, Pune, India
| | - Ajay Singh
- Gennova Biopharmaceuticals Limited, Pune, India
| | | | | | | | - Sanjay Singh
- Gennova Biopharmaceuticals Limited, Pune, India.
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12
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Al Busaidi BH, Al Riyami IM, Wazir HB, Al Zakwani IS. Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccine Adverse Drug Reactions Reported Among Sultan Qaboos University Hospital Staff. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2024; 24:216-220. [PMID: 38828249 PMCID: PMC11139364 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.1.2024.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to report any suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) experienced by all vaccinated staff and students in a tertiary teaching hospital following COVID-19 vaccination. Methods This retrospective study was conducted during the COVID-19 vaccination campaign at Sultan Qaboos University and Hospital in Muscat, Oman, from August to September 2021. An online survey was generated and sent to all staff and students via email and text messages. An announcement was made on the hospital website with a link to the survey. Results A total of 8,421 individuals reported being vaccinated at least once with a total of 11,468 doses administered from January to July 2021; 8,014 staff and students received the Pfizer-Biotech vaccine while 3,454 staff and students received the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine. The survey received a total of 3,275 responses (response rate = 38.8%). Of these, 741 individuals (22.6%) experienced an ADR after vaccination and 67.2% (n = 498) were females (P <0.001). The majority of the ADRs reported were fever and chills (19.7%) followed by localised pain and swelling at the injection site (18.8%). Other ADRs such as hair loss (0.5%) were reported, and one staff/student reported a clot in the right leg. Among the responders, 27.0% considered their ADRs as mild while 25.0% considered them as severe. Conclusions In the study cohort, mild symptoms of COVID-19 vaccines were reported. Females experienced more ADRs compared to males. Long-term observation of ADRs to the vaccines and follow-up monitoring should be done on subjects to preclude any unwanted effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra H. Al Busaidi
- Department of Pharmacy, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Intisar M. Al Riyami
- Department of Pharmacy, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Hashim Ba Wazir
- Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ibrahim S. Al Zakwani
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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13
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Lazareva M, Renemane L, Vrublevska J, Rancans E. New-onset psychosis following COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1360338. [PMID: 38680784 PMCID: PMC11046000 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1360338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The emergence of a new coronavirus strain caused the COVID-19 pandemic. While vaccines effectively control the infection, it's important to acknowledge the potential for side effects, including rare cases like psychosis, which may increase with the rising number of vaccinations. Objectives Our systematic review aimed to examine cases of new-onset psychosis following COVID-19 vaccination. Methods We conducted a systematic review of case reports and case series on new-onset psychosis following COVID-19 vaccination from December 1st, 2019, to November 21st, 2023, using PubMed, MEDLINE, ClinicalKey, and ScienceDirect. Data extraction covered study and participant characteristics, comorbidities, COVID-19 vaccine details, and clinical features. The Joanna Briggs Institute quality assessment tools were employed for included studies, revealing no significant publication bias. Results A total of 21 articles described 24 cases of new-onset psychotic symptoms following COVID-19 vaccination. Of these cases, 54.2% were female, with a mean age of 33.71 ± 12.02 years. Psychiatric events were potentially induced by the mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine in 33.3% of cases, and psychotic symptoms appeared in 25% following the viral vector ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. The mean onset time was 5.75 ± 8.14 days, mostly reported after the first or second dose. The duration of psychotic symptoms ranged between 1 and 2 months with a mean of 52.48 ± 60.07 days. Blood test abnormalities were noted in 50% of cases, mainly mild to moderate leukocytosis and elevated C-reactive protein. Magnetic resonance imaging results were abnormal in 20.8%, often showing fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensity in the white matter. Treatment included atypical antipsychotics in 83.3% of cases, typical antipsychotics in 37.5%, benzodiazepines in 50%, 20.8% received steroids, and 25% were prescribed antiepileptic medications. Overall, 50% of patients achieved full recovery. Conclusion Studies on psychiatric side effects post-COVID-19 vaccination are limited, and making conclusions on vaccine advantages or disadvantages is challenging. Vaccination is generally safe, but data suggest a potential link between young age, mRNA, and viral vector vaccines with new-onset psychosis within 7 days post-vaccination. Collecting data on vaccine-related psychiatric effects is crucial for prevention, and an algorithm for monitoring and treating mental health reactions post-vaccination is necessary for comprehensive management. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023446270.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Lazareva
- Department of Psychiatry and Narcology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Lubova Renemane
- Department of Psychiatry and Narcology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Elmars Rancans
- Department of Psychiatry and Narcology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
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14
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Abdeen S, Abed Alah M, Al-Zaidan M, Mohamed Ibrahim MI, Abdulmajeed J, Al-Nuaimi AA, Al-Kuwari MG. Short-term side effects of BNT162b2 vaccine in primary care settings in Qatar: a retrospective study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1384327. [PMID: 38660363 PMCID: PMC11039914 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1384327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the established effectiveness of the BNT162b2 Vaccine, the novel technology demands careful safety monitoring. While global studies have explored its safety, local data remains limited and exhibits some variability. This study investigated short-term side effects among BNT162b2 vaccinated individuals in Qatar. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted using data extracted from the electronic health records of individuals aged 18 or older across 8 primary health centers who received either the first or second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine during the period from December 23, 2020, to April 24, 2021. The proportions of individuals experiencing short-term side effects after each dose were calculated. Logistic regression and log binomial regression analyses were used to explore associations with the side effects. Results Among 7,764 participants, 5,489 received the first dose and 2,275 the second, with similar demographics between the groups. After the first dose, 5.5% reported at least one local side effect, compared to 3.9% after the second, with a 1.4 times higher incidence after the first dose (RR 1.4, 95% CI 1.14-1.75) compared to the second. Systemic side effects after the second dose were 2.6 times more common than after the first (RR 2.6, 95% CI 2.15-3.14). Gender, nationality, history of prior COVID-19 infection, and obesity were significantly associated with side effects after the first dose, while age, gender, and nationality, were significant factors after the second dose. Conclusion The rates of side effects following the BNT162b2 vaccine in Qatar were relatively low, with age, gender, nationality, previous infection, and obesity identified as significant predictors. These results emphasize the need for tailored vaccination strategies and contributes valuable insights for evidence-based decision-making in ongoing and future vaccination campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Abdeen
- Community Medicine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Muna Abed Alah
- Community Medicine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Manal Al-Zaidan
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics Supply, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Jazeel Abdulmajeed
- Strategy and Health Intelligence Department, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asma Ali Al-Nuaimi
- Strategy and Health Intelligence Department, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed Ghaith Al-Kuwari
- Strategy and Health Intelligence Department, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Collège of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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15
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Ali KM, Ali AM, Atta PM, Mahmood KI, Rostam HM. A study on the side effects caused by the Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine: Focus on IgG antibodies and serological biomarkers. Cent Eur J Immunol 2024; 49:2-10. [PMID: 38812603 PMCID: PMC11130982 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2024.136382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic that spread swiftly is now a major global public health issue. Vaccines are currently being distributed in an effort to limit the viral transmission and mortality. The aim of the study was monitoring of both safety and efficacy in determining the overall effectiveness of the vaccine and identifying any potential safety concerns. Material and methods A retrospective, cross-sectional study employing a validated 13-item structured questionnaire divided into two sections was performed between March 2022 and September 2022. Different post-vaccination side effects (SE) according to symptoms severity in terms of age and sex for participants were reported. Additionally, some pertinent serological assays for participants' post-vaccinations were investigated. Results A total of 502 participants (male: 262, female: 240) with comorbidity (healthy: 258, morbid: 244) who received two Pfizer/BioNTech mRNA vaccine doses were included. Importantly, second dose (D2) vaccination was associated with significantly more SE than single dose (D1) vaccination (p < 0.0001). In D1 vaccination injection site pain (ISP) (45%), followed by equal proportions of headache and fever (40%) were the most common vaccine SE, while in D2 vaccination, ISP (66%) and nausea (57%) were reported. In all, 97% (p < 0.0001) of participants were IgG antibody positive at D2 vaccination. Similarly, serum CR protein level was elevated significantly (p < 0.0001) corresponding to the severity of SE between D1 and D2. Significant differences in IgG concentration were found between D1 and D2 vaccination in different gender and age groups (p < 0.0001). Conclusions In light of the extensive data from this study, it is evident that mRNA vaccines, particularly the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine, have proven to be highly safe and effective in mitigating the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kameran M. Ali
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Kalar Technical College, Garmian Polytechnic University, Kalar, Iraq
| | - Ayad M. Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Garmian, Kalar, Iraq
| | - Peshnyar M. Atta
- Medical Laboratory Science Department, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimania, Iraq
| | - Kochar I. Mahmood
- Medical Laboratory Science Department, College of Science, Charmo University, Chamchamal, Kurdistan region, Iraq
| | - Hassan M. Rostam
- Centauri Therapeutics LTD, Iraq; Registered address: First Floor, 5 Fleet Place, London, EC4M 7RD
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Majumder MAA, Bharatha A, Kumar S, Chatterjee M, Gupta S, Harewood H, Singh K, Johnson WMS, Rajasundaram A, Dutta SB, Prasad SV, Rahman S, Kabir R, Parsa AD, Gaur U, Rabbi AMF, Krishnamurthy K, Mohammad S, Chode V, Haque M, Campbell MH. Self-reported side effects of COVID-19 vaccines among health professions students in India. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17083. [PMID: 38590705 PMCID: PMC11000642 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies focusing on the safety and common side effects of vaccines play a crucial role in enhancing public acceptance of vaccination. Research is scarce regarding the usage of COVID-19 vaccines and the side effects experienced by health professions students in India and other countries. This study aimed to document self-reported side effects associated with COVID-19 vaccination among medical and dental students of six medical and dental colleges and teaching hospitals in four states (Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and West Bengal) of India. A cross-sectional survey using purposive sampling of medical and dental students was conducted from 26 April to 26 May 2021. Data was collected using a Google Forms questionnaire capturing information regarding receiving COVID-19 vaccines, side effects and symptoms, onset and duration of symptoms, use of treatment to alleviate symptoms, awareness of haematologic risks associated with vaccination, and side effects from previous (non-COVID-19) vaccinations. The majority (94.5%) of participants received both doses of the Covishield/AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine. Among participants (n = 492), 45.3% (n = 223) reported one or more side effects. The most frequently reported side effects were soreness of the injected arm (80.3%), tiredness (78.5%), fever (71.3%), headache (64.1%), and hypersomnia (58.7%). The two most common severe symptoms were fever (14.8%) and headache (13%). Most side effects appeared on the day of vaccination: soreness of the injection site (57%), fever (43.1%), and tiredness (42.6%). Most reported symptoms persisted for one to three days-soreness of the injection site (53%), fever (47.1%), and headache (42.6%). Logistic regression showed that women were almost 85% less likely to report side effects. The study's findings corroborate the safety of the Covishield/AstraZeneca vaccine's first dose, evidenced by the relatively minor and transient nature of the side effects. However, the study underscores the necessity for ongoing research to assess the long-term impacts of COVID-19 vaccines, especially in the context of booster doses, thereby contributing to the global understanding of vaccine safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Anwarul Azim Majumder
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados
- Public Health Foundation of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ambadasu Bharatha
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | | | - Madhuri Chatterjee
- Shri Ramkrishna Institute of Medical Science, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Subir Gupta
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Heather Harewood
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Keerti Singh
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - WMS Johnson
- Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sudeshna Banerjee Dutta
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing (Critical care nursing), Shri Anand Institute of Nursing, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Sayeeda Rahman
- American University of Integrative Sciences (AUIS), Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Russell Kabir
- Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, Essex, United Kingdom
| | | | - Uma Gaur
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | | | - Kandamaran Krishnamurthy
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Shegufta Mohammad
- Health Education Department, Empower Me First College, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Mainul Haque
- National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Michael H. Campbell
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados
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Mwangi LW, Omuse G, Adam R, Ong’ete G, Matheka C, Mugaine P, Sayed S, Maina D. Post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 IgG spike antibody responses among clinical and non-clinical healthcare workers at a tertiary facility in Kenya. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299302. [PMID: 38573911 PMCID: PMC10994319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Following the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, vaccination became the main strategy against disease severity and even death. Healthcare workers were considered high-risk for infection and, thus, were prioritised for vaccination. METHODS A follow-up to a SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence study among clinical and non-clinical HCWs at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, we assessed how vaccination influenced SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG antibody responses and kinetics. Blood samples were drawn at two points spanning 6 to 18 months post-vaccination, and SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Almost all participants, 98% (961/981), received a second vaccine dose, and only 8.5% (83/981) received a third dose. SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG antibodies were detected in 100% (961/961) and 92.7% (707/762) of participants who received two vaccine doses, with the first and second post-vaccine test, respectively, and in 100% (83/83) and 91.4% (64/70) of those who received three vaccine doses at the first and second post-vaccine test, respectively. Seventy-six participants developed mild infections, not requiring hospitalisation even after receiving primary vaccination. Receiving three vaccine doses influenced the anti-spike S/Co at both the first (p<0.001) and second post-vaccination testing (p<0.001). Of those who tested SARS-CoV-2 positive, the anti-spike S/Co ratio was significantly higher than those who were seronegative at the first post-vaccine test (p = 0.001). Side effects were reported by almost half of those who received the first dose, 47.3% (464/981), 28.9% (278/961) and 25.3% (21/83) of those who received the second and third vaccine doses, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Following the second dose of primary vaccination, all participants had detectable anti-spike antibodies. The observed mild breakthrough infections may have been due to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Findings suggest that although protective antibodies are induced, vaccination protected against COVID-19 disease severity and not necessarily infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy W. Mwangi
- Research Division, Medical College East Africa, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Geoffrey Omuse
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rodney Adam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - George Ong’ete
- Occupational Safety and Health, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Cyrus Matheka
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Patrick Mugaine
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Shahin Sayed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Daniel Maina
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
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18
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Raethke M, van Hunsel F, Luxi N, Lieber T, Bellitto C, Mulder E, Ciccimarra F, Riefolo F, Thurin NH, Roy D, Morton K, Villalobos F, Batel Marques F, Farcas A, Sonderlichová S, Belitser S, Klungel O, Trifirò G, Sturkenboom MC. Frequency and timing of adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccines; A multi-country cohort event monitoring study. Vaccine 2024; 42:2357-2369. [PMID: 38448322 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During the COVID-19 pandemic, EMA set-up a large-scale cohort event monitoring (CEM) system to estimate incidence rates of patient-reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of different COVID-19 vaccines across the participating countries. This study aims to give an up to date and in-depth analysis of the frequency of patient-reported ADRs after the 1st, 2nd, and booster vaccination, to identify potential predictors in developing ADRs and to describe time-to-onset (TTO) and time-to-recovery (TTR) of ADRs. METHODS A CEM study was rolled out in a period ranging from February 2021 to February 2023 across multiple European countries; The Netherlands, Belgium, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia and Spain. Analysis consisted of a descriptive analyses of frequencies of COVID-19 vaccine-related ADRs for 1st, 2nd and booster vaccination, analysis of potential predictors in developing ADRs with a generalized linear mixed-effects model, analysis of TTO and TTR of ADRs and a sensitivity analysis for loss to follow-up (L2FU). RESULTS A total of 29,837 participants completed at least the baseline and the first follow-up questionnaire for 1st and 2nd vaccination and 7,250 participants for the booster. The percentage of participants who reported at least one ADR is 74.32% (95%CI 73.82-74.81). Solicited ADRs, including injection site reactions, are very common across vaccination moments. Potential predictors for these reactions are the brand of vaccine used, the patient's age, sex and prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. The percentage of serious ADRs in the study is low for 1st and 2nd vaccination (0.24%, 95%CI 0.19--0.31) and booster (0.26%, 95%CI 0.15, 0.41). The TTO was 14 h (median) for dose 1 and slightly longer for dose 2 and booster dose. TTR is generally also within a few days. The effect of L2FU on estimations of frequency is limited. CONCLUSION Despite some limitations due to study design and study-roll out, CEM studies can allow prompt and almost real-time observations of the safety of medications directly from a patient-centered perspective, which can play a crucial role for regulatory bodies during an emergency setting such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Raethke
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, 's, Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - Florence van Hunsel
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, 's, Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands; Department of PharmacoTherapy, -Epidemiology & -Economics, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Nicoletta Luxi
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Thomas Lieber
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, 's, Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - Chiara Bellitto
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Erik Mulder
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, 's, Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | | | - Fabio Riefolo
- Teamit Institute, Partnerships, Barcelona Health Hub, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicolas H Thurin
- Bordeaux PharmacoEpi, INSERM CIC-P 1401, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Debabrata Roy
- Drug Safety Research Unit (DSRU), Southampton, UK; University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Kathryn Morton
- Drug Safety Research Unit (DSRU), Southampton, UK; University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Felipe Villalobos
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Andreea Farcas
- Pharmacovigilance Research Center, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona Sonderlichová
- Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Faculty of Medicine, SLOVACRIN, Slovakia
| | - Svetlana Belitser
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Olaf Klungel
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gianluca Trifirò
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Miriam C Sturkenboom
- Department of Biostatistics and Research Support, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
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19
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Trabelsi K, Ben Khalaf N, Ramadan AR, Elsharkawy A, Ashoor D, Chlif S, Boussoffara T, Ben-Ahmed M, Kumar M, Fathallah MD. A novel approach to designing viral precision vaccines applied to SARS-CoV-2. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1346349. [PMID: 38628551 PMCID: PMC11018900 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1346349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Efficient precision vaccines against several highly pathogenic zoonotic viruses are currently lacking. Proteolytic activation is instrumental for a number of these viruses to gain host-cell entry and develop infectivity. For SARS-CoV-2, this process is enhanced by the insertion of a furin cleavage site at the junction of the spike protein S1/S2 subunits upstream of the metalloprotease TMPRSS2 common proteolytic site. Here, we describe a new approach based on specific epitopes selection from the region involved in proteolytic activation and infectivity for the engineering of precision candidate vaccinating antigens. This approach was developed through its application to the design of SARS-CoV-2 cross-variant candidates vaccinating antigens. It includes an in silico structural analysis of the viral region involved in infectivity, the identification of conserved immunogenic epitopes and the selection of those eliciting specific immune responses in infected people. The following step consists of engineering vaccinating antigens that carry the selected epitopes and mimic their 3D native structure. Using this approach, we demonstrated through a Covid-19 patient-centered study of a 500 patients' cohort, that the epitopes selected from SARS-CoV-2 protein S1/S2 junction elicited a neutralizing antibody response significantly associated with mild and asymptomatic COVID-19 (p<0.001), which strongly suggests protective immunity. Engineered antigens containing the SARS-CoV-2 selected epitopes and mimicking the native epitopes 3D structure generated neutralizing antibody response in mice. Our data show the potential of this combined computational and experimental approach for designing precision vaccines against viruses whose pathogenicity is contingent upon proteolytic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Trabelsi
- Health Biotechnology Program, King Fahad Chair for Health Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences College of Graduate Studies, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Noureddin Ben Khalaf
- Health Biotechnology Program, King Fahad Chair for Health Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences College of Graduate Studies, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Ahmed R. Ramadan
- Health Biotechnology Program, King Fahad Chair for Health Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences College of Graduate Studies, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Amany Elsharkawy
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Dana Ashoor
- Health Biotechnology Program, King Fahad Chair for Health Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences College of Graduate Studies, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Sadok Chlif
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Thouraya Boussoffara
- Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections Laboratory, Institute Pasteur of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Melika Ben-Ahmed
- Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections Laboratory, Institute Pasteur of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - M-Dahmani Fathallah
- Health Biotechnology Program, King Fahad Chair for Health Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences College of Graduate Studies, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
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20
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Oudjedi A, Allali A, Bekli A, Lounis M, Ben Saad H, Boukoufa M. Reported COVID-19 vaccines side effects among Algerian athletes: a comparison between inactivated virus, adenoviral vector, and mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2024; 52:134-146. [PMID: 36876437 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2023.2186691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many types of COVID19 vaccines are administered globally, yet there is not much evidence regarding their side effects among athletes. This study evaluated the selfreported postvaccination side effects of inactivated virus, adenoviral vector, and mRNA COVID19 vaccines among Algerian athletes. METHODS A cross-sectional survey-based study was carried out in Algeria between March 01 and 4 April 2022. The study used a validated questionnaire with twenty-five multiple-choice items covering the participants' anamnestic characteristics, post-vaccination side effects (their onset and duration), post-vaccination medical care, and risk factors. RESULTS A total of 273 athletes completed the survey. Overall, (54.6%) of the athletes reported at least one local side effect, while (46.9%) reported at least one systemic side effect. These side effects were more prevalent among the adenoviral vector group compared to the inactivated virus and mRNA groups. The most common local side effect was injection site pain (29.9%), while Fever (30.8%) was the most prevalent systemic side effect. The age group of 31-40 years, allergy, previous infection with COVID-19, and the first dose of vaccines were associated with an increased risk of side effects for all groups of COVID-19 vaccines. Logistic regression analysis further revealed that compared to males, the incidence of reported side effects was significantly higher in females (odd ratio (OR) = 1.16; P = 0.015*) only for the adenoviral vector vaccine group. In addition, a significantly higher percentage of athletes group of high dynamic/moderate static or high dynamic /high static components suffered from post-vaccination side effects compared to the group of athletes with high dynamic/low static components (OR = 14.68 and 14.71; P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The adenoviral vector vaccines have the highest rate of side effects, followed by the inactivated virus and mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. COVID‑19 vaccines were well-tolerated among Algerian athletes and there were no reports of serious side effects. Nevertheless, further long-term follow-up study with a larger sample size of athletes (from different types and sports categories) is warranted to establish the long-term safety of the COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adda Oudjedi
- Institute of Science and Techniques of Physical and Sports Activities, Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Oum El Bouaghi, Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria
| | - Abdelghani Allali
- Institute of Science and Techniques of Physical and Sports Activities, Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Oum El Bouaghi, Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria
| | - Aissa Bekli
- Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Hassiba Ben Bouali University, Chlef, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Lounis
- Department of Agro-Veterinary Science, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Ziane Achour, Djelfa, Algeria
| | - Helmi Ben Saad
- University of Sousse, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Hospital Farhat HACHED of Sousse, Research Laboratory, Heart Failure, LR12SP09, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Boukoufa
- Institute of physical education and sports, Ibrahim Sultan Cheibout University of Algiers 3, Algiers, Algeria
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21
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Ryoo S, Choi M, Choi NK, Shin HS, Woo JH, Park BJ, Oh S. Psychiatric adverse events associated with the COVID-19 vaccines approved in the Republic of Korea: a systematic review. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024; 15:107-114. [PMID: 38621764 PMCID: PMC11082440 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review evaluated psychiatric adverse events (AEs) following vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We included studies that reported or investigated psychiatric AEs in individuals who had received an approved COVID-19 vaccine in the Republic of Korea. Systematic electronic searches of Ovid-Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, and KoreaMed databases were conducted on March 22, 2023. Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Non-randomized Studies 2.0. The study protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42023449422). Of the 301 articles initially selected, 7 were included in the final analysis. All studies reported on sleep disturbances, and 2 highlighted anxiety-related AEs. Sleep disorders like insomnia and narcolepsy were the most prevalent AEs, while depression was not reported. Our review suggests that these AEs may have been influenced by biological mechanisms as well as the broader psychosocial context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although this study had limitations, such as a primary focus on the BNT162b2 vaccine and an observational study design, it offered a systematic, multi-vaccine analysis that fills a critical gap in the existing literature. This review underscores the need for continued surveillance of psychiatric AEs and guides future research to investigate underlying mechanisms, identify risk factors, and inform clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungeun Ryoo
- Division of Healthcare Technology Assessment Research, National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Miyoung Choi
- Division of Healthcare Technology Assessment Research, National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Kyong Choi
- COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Convergence, College of Science & Industry Convergence, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Shik Shin
- COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Woo
- COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- National Academy of Medicine of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Joo Park
- COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- National Academy of Medicine of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Oh
- COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea
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22
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Slade M, Rennick-Egglestone S, Todowede O. The transformative potential of citizen science for mental health. Lancet Psychiatry 2024; 11:246-248. [PMID: 38335986 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(24)00008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mike Slade
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, UK; Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Health and Community Participation Division, Nord University, Namsos, Norway.
| | - Stefan Rennick-Egglestone
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, UK; NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Olamide Todowede
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, UK
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23
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Putri ND, Zhafira AS, Wicaksana P, Sinto R, Hanafi G, Wiyono L, Prayitno A, Karyanti MR, Naibaho ML, Febrina F, Sukandar H, Setiawaty V, Mursinah M, Putra AR, Wibowo H, Sundoro J, Satari HI, Oktavia D, Multihartina P, Harbuwono DS, Hadinegoro SR. Immunogenicity and Safety of Half-Dose Heterologous mRNA-1273 Booster Vaccination for Adults Primed with the CoronaVac ® and ChAdOx1-S Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:344. [PMID: 38675727 PMCID: PMC11053985 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been extensively researched, particularly with regard to COVID-19 vaccines. However, issues with logistics and availability might cause delays in vaccination programs. Thus, the efficacy and safety of half-dose heterologous mRNA should be explored. This was an open-label observational study to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of half-dose mRNA-1273 as a booster vaccine among adults aged >18 years who underwent a complete primary SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) vaccination regimen with CoronaVac® and ChAdOx1-S. Adverse events (AEs), seropositivity rate, seroconversion, geometric mean titer (GMT) of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, and T cells (CD4+ and CD8+) specific for SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed. Two hundred subjects were included in the final analysis, with 100 subjects in each priming vaccine group. Most of the AEs were mild, with systemic manifestations occurring between 1 and 7 days following vaccination. A significant difference was observed in the GMT and seropositivity rate following booster dose administration between the two groups. CD8+/CD3+, IFN (interferon)-producing CD8+, and TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-producing CD8+ cells showed significant increases in both groups. The administration of the half-dose mRNA-1273 booster is safe and effective in increasing protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Dwi Putri
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (A.S.Z.); (P.W.); (R.S.); (G.H.); (L.W.); (A.P.); (M.R.K.); (H.S.); (H.I.S.); (S.R.H.)
| | - Aqila Sakina Zhafira
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (A.S.Z.); (P.W.); (R.S.); (G.H.); (L.W.); (A.P.); (M.R.K.); (H.S.); (H.I.S.); (S.R.H.)
| | - Pratama Wicaksana
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (A.S.Z.); (P.W.); (R.S.); (G.H.); (L.W.); (A.P.); (M.R.K.); (H.S.); (H.I.S.); (S.R.H.)
| | - Robert Sinto
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (A.S.Z.); (P.W.); (R.S.); (G.H.); (L.W.); (A.P.); (M.R.K.); (H.S.); (H.I.S.); (S.R.H.)
| | - Gryselda Hanafi
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (A.S.Z.); (P.W.); (R.S.); (G.H.); (L.W.); (A.P.); (M.R.K.); (H.S.); (H.I.S.); (S.R.H.)
| | - Lowilius Wiyono
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (A.S.Z.); (P.W.); (R.S.); (G.H.); (L.W.); (A.P.); (M.R.K.); (H.S.); (H.I.S.); (S.R.H.)
| | - Ari Prayitno
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (A.S.Z.); (P.W.); (R.S.); (G.H.); (L.W.); (A.P.); (M.R.K.); (H.S.); (H.I.S.); (S.R.H.)
| | - Mulya Rahma Karyanti
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (A.S.Z.); (P.W.); (R.S.); (G.H.); (L.W.); (A.P.); (M.R.K.); (H.S.); (H.I.S.); (S.R.H.)
| | | | - Febrina Febrina
- Cempaka Putih Public Health Center, Jakarta 10520, Indonesia; (M.L.N.); (F.F.)
| | - Hadyana Sukandar
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (A.S.Z.); (P.W.); (R.S.); (G.H.); (L.W.); (A.P.); (M.R.K.); (H.S.); (H.I.S.); (S.R.H.)
| | - Vivi Setiawaty
- National Institute of Health Research & Development, Jakarta 14530, Indonesia; (V.S.); (M.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Mursinah Mursinah
- National Institute of Health Research & Development, Jakarta 14530, Indonesia; (V.S.); (M.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Ahmat Rediansya Putra
- Diagnostic and Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (A.R.P.); (H.W.)
| | - Heri Wibowo
- Diagnostic and Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (A.R.P.); (H.W.)
| | - Julitasari Sundoro
- The Indonesian Technical Advisory Group on Immunization, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia;
| | - Hindra Irawan Satari
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (A.S.Z.); (P.W.); (R.S.); (G.H.); (L.W.); (A.P.); (M.R.K.); (H.S.); (H.I.S.); (S.R.H.)
| | - Dwi Oktavia
- Jakarta Health Agency, Jakarta 10160, Indonesia;
| | - Pretty Multihartina
- National Institute of Health Research & Development, Jakarta 14530, Indonesia; (V.S.); (M.M.); (P.M.)
| | | | - Sri Rezeki Hadinegoro
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (A.S.Z.); (P.W.); (R.S.); (G.H.); (L.W.); (A.P.); (M.R.K.); (H.S.); (H.I.S.); (S.R.H.)
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24
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Levi Y, Brandeau ML, Shmueli E, Yamin D. Prediction and detection of side effects severity following COVID-19 and influenza vaccinations: utilizing smartwatches and smartphones. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6012. [PMID: 38472345 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56561-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccines stand out as one of the most effective tools in our arsenal for reducing morbidity and mortality. Nonetheless, public hesitancy towards vaccination often stems from concerns about potential side effects, which can vary from person to person. As of now, there are no automated systems available to proactively warn against potential side effects or gauge their severity following vaccination. We have developed machine learning (ML) models designed to predict and detect the severity of post-vaccination side effects. Our study involved 2111 participants who had received at least one dose of either a COVID-19 or influenza vaccine. Each participant was equipped with a Garmin Vivosmart 4 smartwatch and was required to complete a daily self-reported questionnaire regarding local and systemic reactions through a dedicated mobile application. Our XGBoost models yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.69 and 0.74 in predicting and detecting moderate to severe side effects, respectively. These predictions were primarily based on variables such as vaccine type (influenza vs. COVID-19), the individual's history of side effects from previous vaccines, and specific data collected from the smartwatches prior to vaccine administration, including resting heart rate, heart rate, and heart rate variability. In conclusion, our findings suggest that wearable devices can provide an objective and continuous method for predicting and monitoring moderate to severe vaccine side effects. This technology has the potential to improve clinical trials by automating the classification of vaccine severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosi Levi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Margaret L Brandeau
- Department of Management Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Erez Shmueli
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dan Yamin
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
- Department of Management Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Center for Combatting Pandemics, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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25
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Iwakawa S, Azechi T, Saigo O, Imai R, Nakai A, Koshiba S, Saito U, Asakura K, Sato K, Kimura T. Vaccination status, incidence of adverse events, and awareness of COVID-19 vaccine among outpatients undergoing chemotherapy. J Pharm Health Care Sci 2024; 10:15. [PMID: 38439102 PMCID: PMC10913650 DOI: 10.1186/s40780-024-00338-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer has been identified as a risk factor for severe illness and mortality in coronavirus disease (COVID-19), underscoring the importance of recommending COVID-19 vaccinations to patients with cancer. However, few reports have focused on the vaccination status and the incidence of adverse events among patients with cancer. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the vaccination status, incidence of adverse events, concerns, and anxiety related to COVID-19 vaccination among patients with cancer. In addition, we explored the utilization of information sources by these patients and the ease of use. METHODS A survey was conducted among outpatients undergoing chemotherapy who received medication counseling from a pharmacist at Juntendo University Hospital. Responses were gathered from 60 out of the 143 participants. Of the respondents, 96.7% had received two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. RESULTS Common adverse events included pain at the injection site, fever, and fatigue, which were experienced by nearly half of the respondents. Approximately 80% expressed some concern regarding vaccination, with predominant concerns about timing in the context of ongoing cancer treatment and surgery. Among the respondents, 41.7% consulted primary care physicians regarding the vaccine, with only one mentioning consultation with hospital pharmacists. Notably, primary care physicians were considered the most approachable and useful healthcare professionals. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that patients with cancer can safely receive the vaccine, comparable to patients without cancer. However, they still harbor concerns, even when seeking advice from primary care physicians. Few patients consulted pharmacists about vaccination, highlighting an opportunity for pharmacist intervention. Pharmacists fostering trust with patients with cancer is imperative to explore pharmacist intervention methods to promote the continued administration of COVID-19 vaccines and enhance the quality of life for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Iwakawa
- Department of Pharmacy, Juntendo University Hospital, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Azechi
- Department of Pharmacy, Juntendo University Hospital, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Orie Saigo
- Department of Pharmacy, Juntendo University Hospital, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Imai
- Department of Pharmacy, Juntendo University Hospital, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Nakai
- Department of Pharmacy, Juntendo University Hospital, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Koshiba
- Department of Pharmacy, Juntendo University Hospital, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Uki Saito
- Department of Pharmacy, Juntendo University Hospital, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kota Asakura
- Department of Pharmacy, Juntendo University Hospital, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuniyoshi Sato
- Department of Pharmacy, Juntendo University Hospital, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshimi Kimura
- Department of Pharmacy, Juntendo University Hospital, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Kumawat R, Nimesh A, Jalandra R, Agrawal S, Srinivas H, Ahirwar AK. Perception, acceptance, and adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines: Insights from Indian population. J Family Med Prim Care 2024; 13:1062-1067. [PMID: 38736779 PMCID: PMC11086799 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1668_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccination has been pivotal in eradicating numerous infectious diseases. Nonetheless, concerns about the safety and side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine persist. This study aimed to gauge the perceptions and experiences of the Indian population concerning COVID-19 vaccination. Methods This study was a cross-sectional survey of 313 participants aged 18 and above from diverse regions in India. Data was sourced using an electronic questionnaire disseminated via Google Forms. The survey evaluated demographics, vaccine awareness, attitudes, and side effects post-vaccination with Covishield and Covaxin. Results 22.6% of participants exhibited vaccine hesitancy; however, 78.3% believed the advantages superseded the risks. Most participants (81.5%) were aware of vaccine side effects. Most of the Indian respondents (97.1%) accepted the COVID-19 vaccine. Post-vaccination, 27.9% experienced adverse effects such as fever, headache, malaise, dizziness, and pain at the local site. Only 1.3% necessitated hospitalization. Conclusion Our study underscores the dichotomy between vaccine apprehensions and real-world experiences. Although concerns surrounding vaccine safety were prevalent, the majority of the Indian respondents (97.1%) accepted the COVID-19 vaccine, with most experiencing only transient, mild side effects. While 22.6% initially exhibited hesitancy, primarily due to misinformation, the actual experience post-vaccination was largely positive. To further address hesitancy, streamlined vaccine awareness campaigns emphasizing the safety and efficacy of vaccination are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajani Kumawat
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Archana Nimesh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Ramniwas Jalandra
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Agrawal
- Scientist E (Medical), ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - H Srinivas
- Department of Biochemistry, Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashok K. Ahirwar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Ouaddouh C, Duijster JW, Lieber T, van Hunsel FPAM. The role of co-morbidities in the development of an AEFI after COVID-19 vaccination in a large prospective cohort with patient-reported outcomes in the Netherlands. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2024; 23:323-331. [PMID: 37796980 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2023.2267971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of a preexisting comorbidity on the occurrence of adverse events after immunization (AEFIs) has been studied poorly. In this longitudinal cohort study, we assess the association between co-morbidities and the occurrence of AEFIs after COVID-19 vaccination. Also, we described the occurrence of flare-ups and their manifestation after COVID-19 vaccination in people with rheumatic diseases. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed multivariable logistic regression to investigate the association between the occurrence of AEFIs and 10 common comorbidities using patient-reported data from people vaccinated with the AstraZeneca, Johnson&Johnson, Moderna, or Pfizer vaccine. RESULTS Occurrence of any AEFI, injection site reactions, headache, fatigue, and/or malaise was significantly associated with presence of comorbidities, including psychological disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, and endocrine disorders after the first and second doses (OR ranges 1.23-1.77). One participant with rheumatoid arthritis experienced a flare-up after receiving the first dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION The results showed that the odds of reporting an AEFI after COVID-19 vaccination is significantly higher in the presence of some comorbidities whilst flare-ups are uncommon after receiving COVID-19 vaccination in people with rheumatic disease. In-depth research is needed to validate our results and unravel the observed associations from a mechanistic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ouaddouh
- Vaccine Team, Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
| | - J W Duijster
- Vaccine Team, Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
| | - T Lieber
- Vaccine Team, Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
| | - F P A M van Hunsel
- Vaccine Team, Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, FarmacoTherapie, Epidemiologie en Economie Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Amer SA, Al-Zahrani A, Imam EA, Ishteiwy EM, Djelleb IF, Abdullh LR, Ballaj D, Amer YA, El-Sokkary RH, Elshabrawy AM, Eskander G, Shah J, Raza ML, ALsafa AMAA, Ali HT, Fawzy HM. Exploring the reported adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines among vaccinated Arab populations: a multi-national survey study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4785. [PMID: 38413637 PMCID: PMC10899622 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54886-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a major challenge worldwide for the past years with high morbidity and mortality rates. While vaccination was the cornerstone to control the pandemic and disease spread, concerns regarding safety and adverse events (AEs) have been raised lately. A cross-sectional study was conducted between January 1st and January 22nd, 2022, in six Arabic countries namely Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Syria, Libya, Iraq, and Algeria. We utilized a self-administered questionnaire validated in Arabic which encompassed two main parts. The first was regarding sociodemographic data while the second was about COVID-19 vaccination history, types, doses, and experienced AEs. A multistage sampling was employed in each country, involving the random selection of three governorates from each country, followed by the selection of one urban area and one rural area from each governorate. We included the responses of 1564 participants. The most common AEs after the first and second doses were local AEs (67.9% and 46.6%, respectively) followed by bone pain and myalgia (37.6% and 31.8%, respectively). After the third dose, the most common AEs were local AEs (45.7%) and fever (32.4%). Johnson and Johnson, Sputnik Light, and Moderna vaccines showed the highest frequency of AEs. Factors associated with AEs after the first dose included an increase in age (aOR of 61-75 years compared to the 12-18 years group: 2.60, 95% CI: 1.59-4.25, p = 0.001) and male gender (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.63-0.82, p < 0.001). The cumulative post-vaccination COVID-19 disease was reported with Sinovac (16.1%), Sinopharm (15.8%), and Johnson and Johnson (14.9) vaccines. History of pre-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infection significantly increases the risk of post-vaccination COVID-19 after the first, second, and booster doses (OR: 3.09, CI: 1.9-5.07, p < 0.0001; OR: 2.56, CI: 1.89-3.47, p < 0.0001; and OR: 2.94, CI: 1.6-5.39, p = 0.0005 respectively). In conclusion, AEs were common among our participants, especially local AEs. Further extensive studies are needed to generate more generalizable data regarding the safety of different vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar A Amer
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagzig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
- Membership at the Royal Colleague of General Practitioners [INT], London, UK.
- Department of Mental Health Primary Care, Nova University, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Ali Al-Zahrani
- Research and Innovation Group, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esraa A Imam
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, MOH, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab M Ishteiwy
- Internship Year at Albayda Medical Center (AMC), Omar-Almukhtar University, Albayad, Libya
| | - Ines F Djelleb
- Faculty of Medicine, Badji Mokhtar, 23000, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Lina R Abdullh
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Dana Ballaj
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Youmna A Amer
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Zagzig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rehab H El-Sokkary
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Arafa M Elshabrawy
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Georgette Eskander
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | - Hebatallah M Fawzy
- Lecturer of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Karuppannan M, Ming LC, Abdul Wahab MS, Mohd Noordin Z, Yee S, Hermansyah A. Self-reported side effects of COVID-19 vaccines among the public. J Pharm Policy Pract 2024; 17:2308617. [PMID: 38420042 PMCID: PMC10901186 DOI: 10.1080/20523211.2024.2308617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The safety, side effects and efficacy profile of COVID-19 vaccines remain subjects of ongoing concern among the public in Malaysia. The aim of this study was to determine the types of adverse effects following immunisation with COVID-19 vaccines and the differences based on various types of COVID-19 vaccines to raise public awareness and reduce vaccine hesitancy among the public. Methods A total of 901 Malaysian adults (≥18 years) who received various COVID-19 vaccines were selected to participate in our cross-sectional study through an online survey between December 2021 and January 2022. Results A total of 814 (90.3%) of the participants reported ≥1 side effect following COVID-19 immunisation. Of these, the predominant symptoms were swelling at the injection site (n = 752, 83.5%), headache (n = 638, 70.8%), pain or soreness at the injection site (n = 628, 69.7%), fatigue or tiredness (n = 544, 60.4%), muscle weakness (n = 529, 58.7%) and diarrhea (n = 451, 50.1%). Recipients of the Pfizer-BioNTech (Comirnaty ®) vaccine reported the highest number of adverse effects (n = 355, 43.6%), followed by mixed COVID-19 vaccines (n = 254, 31.2%), the Oxford-AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1-®[recombinant]) vaccine (n = 113, 13.9%) and the Sinovac (CoronaVac®) vaccine (n = 90, 11.1%). The study showed that individuals who reported significantly more side effects were of elderly age, female gender and high educational level [P value < 0.05]. Mixed COVID-19 vaccine recipients also reported significantly more local and systemic symptoms after the first dose and third dose when compared with other single vaccine recipients. Conclusion This study demonstrated the types of self-reported adverse effects following immunisation with single and mixed COVID-19 vaccines. These findings may provide the side effects of different COVID-19 vaccines with the hope of educating the public on the safety profiles of these vaccines and reducing vaccine hesitancy among the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmathi Karuppannan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
- Cardiology Therapeutics Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Malaysia
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
| | - Mohd Shahezwan Abdul Wahab
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
- Cardiology Therapeutics Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
| | - Zakiah Mohd Noordin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
- Cardiology Therapeutics Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
| | - Shermaine Yee
- Faculty of Medicine, Quest International University, Ipoh, Malaysia
| | - Andi Hermansyah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Rocha RPS, Andrade ACDS, Melanda FN, Muraro AP. Post-COVID-19 syndrome among hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a cohort study assessing patients 6 and 12 months after hospital discharge. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2024; 40:e00027423. [PMID: 38381868 PMCID: PMC10877698 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xpt027423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-COVID-19 syndrome involves a variety of symptoms that last more than 12 weeks after COVID diagnosis. This study aimed to analyze post-COVID-19 syndrome among hospitalized COVID-19 patients 6 and 12 months after hospital discharge. This is an ambidirectional cohort study conducted with individuals who were discharged from three main hospitals in the capital of Mato Grosso State, Brazil, between October and December 2021 and January and March 2022. After data collection from medical records, the individuals were interviewed by telephone 6 and 12 months after hospital discharge, when they were asked about the presence of ongoing or new symptoms and when symptom frequency was evaluated according to sociodemographic and economic characteristics hospitalization, and health conditions. Of all 277 medical records evaluated, 259 patients were eligible to participate in the study, 190 patients six months after discharge and 160 patients 12 months after hospital discharge. At six months, 59% were female patients, 40% were aged 60 years or older, and 87.4% reported at least one symptom. At 12 months, 58.7% were female patients, 37.5% were aged 30 to 49 years, and 67.5% reported at least one symptom. Fatigue was the most common symptom 6 and 12 months after hospital discharge (55.3% and 40.6%, respectively), followed by memory problems (36.8%; 20%), and hair loss (26.8%; 11.2%). The prevalence of post-COVID-19 syndrome was higher among patients of older age, lower income, with hypertension, diabetes, and more severe infection during hospitalization. The risk factors for post-COVID-19 syndrome help understand the long-term effects and the importance of monitoring after the acute phase of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ana Paula Muraro
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brasil
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Wu J, Feng Y, Guo X, Meng M, Li H, Fang H, Li Z, Lin L, Guo Z, Chen J, Tian H, Chen X. A Versatile Nanovaccine Enhancement Strategy Based on Suction-Inspired Physical Therapy. ACS NANO 2024; 18:4957-4971. [PMID: 38288709 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Vaccine technology is effective in preventing and treating diseases, including cancers and viruses. The efficiency of vaccines can be improved by increasing the dosage and frequency of injections, but it would bring an extra burden to people. Therefore, it is necessary to develop vaccine-boosting techniques with negligible side effects. Herein, we reported a cupping-inspired noninvasive suction therapy that could enhance the efficacy of cancer/SARS-CoV-2 nanovaccines. Negative pressure caused mechanical immunogenic cell death and released endogenous adjuvants. This created a subcutaneous niche that would recruit and activate antigen-presenting cells. Based on this universal central mechanism, suction therapy was successfully applied in a variety of nanovaccine models, which include prophylactic/therapeutic tumor nanovaccine, photothermal therapy induced in situ tumor nanovaccine, and SARS-CoV-2 nanovaccine. As a well-established physical therapy method, suction therapy may usher in an era of noninvasive and high-safety auxiliary strategies when combined with vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yuanji Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaoya Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Meng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Huixin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Huapan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhaopei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Huayu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Fung K, Jones M, Doshi P. Sources of bias in observational studies of covid-19 vaccine effectiveness. J Eval Clin Pract 2024; 30:30-36. [PMID: 36967517 DOI: 10.1111/jep.13839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Jones
- Institute of Evidence Based Healthcare, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter Doshi
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Han Y, Bazzi M, Turrini P. Modelling and predicting online vaccination views using bow-tie decomposition. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:231792. [PMID: 38384773 PMCID: PMC10878806 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Social media has become increasingly important in shaping public vaccination views, especially since the COVID-19 outbreak. This paper uses bow-tie structure to analyse a temporal dataset of directed online social networks that represent the information exchange among anti-vaccination, pro-vaccination and neutral Facebook pages. Bow-tie structure decomposes a network into seven components, with two components, strongly connected component (SCC) and out-periphery component (OUT), emphasized in this paper: SCC is the largest strongly connected component, acting as an 'information magnifier', and OUT contains all nodes with a directed path from a node in SCC, acting as an 'information creator'. We consistently observe statistically significant bow-tie structures with different dominant components for each vaccination group over time. In particular, the anti-vaccination group has a large OUT, and the pro-vaccination group has a large SCC. We further investigate changes in opinions over time, as measured by fan count variations, using agent-based simulations and machine learning models. Across both methods, accounting for bow-tie decomposition better reflects information flow differences among vaccination groups and improves our opinion dynamics prediction results. The modelling frameworks we consider can be applied to any multi-stance temporal network and could form a basis for exploring opinion dynamics using bow-tie structure in a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueting Han
- MathSys CDT, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Marya Bazzi
- Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| | - Paolo Turrini
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Xu X, Riviere JE, Raza S, Millagaha Gedara NI, Ampadi Ramachandran R, Tell LA, Wyckoff GJ, Jaberi-Douraki M. In-silico approaches to assessing multiple high-level drug-drug and drug-disease adverse drug effects. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38299552 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2023.2299337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pharmacovigilance plays a pivotal role in monitoring adverse events (AEs) related to chemical substances in human/animal populations. With increasing spontaneous-reporting systems, researchers turned to in-silico approaches to efficiently analyze drug safety profiles. Here, we review in-silico methods employed for assessing multiple drug-drug/drug-disease AEs covered by comparative analyses and visualization strategies. AREAS COVERED Disproportionality, involving multi-stage statistical methodologies and data processing, identifies safety signals among drug-AE pairs. By stratifying data based on disease indications/demographics, researchers address confounders and assess drug safety. Comparative analyses, including clustering techniques and visualization techniques, assess drug similarities, patterns, and trends, calculate correlations, and identify distinct toxicities. Furthermore, we conducted a thorough Scopus search on 'pharmacovigilance,' yielding 5,836 publications spanning 2003 to 2023. EXPERT OPINION Pharmacovigilance relies on diverse data sources, presenting challenges in the integration of in-silico approaches and requiring compliance with regulations and AI adoption. Systematic use of statistical analyses enables identifications of potential risks with drugs. Frequentist and Bayesian methods are used in disproportionalities, each with its strengths and weaknesses. Integration of pharmacogenomics with pharmacovigilance enables personalized medicine, with AI further enhancing patient engagement. This multidisciplinary approach holds promise, improving drug efficacy and safety, and should be a core mission of One-Health studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Xu
- 1DATA Consortium, www.1DATA.life, Kansas State University Olathe, Olathe, KS, USA
- Food Animal Residue Avoidance and Databank Program (FARAD), Kansas State University Olathe, Olathe, KS, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Jim E Riviere
- 1DATA Consortium, www.1DATA.life, Kansas State University Olathe, Olathe, KS, USA
- Food Animal Residue Avoidance and Databank Program (FARAD), Kansas State University Olathe, Olathe, KS, USA
| | - Shahzad Raza
- Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nuwan Indika Millagaha Gedara
- 1DATA Consortium, www.1DATA.life, Kansas State University Olathe, Olathe, KS, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Remya Ampadi Ramachandran
- 1DATA Consortium, www.1DATA.life, Kansas State University Olathe, Olathe, KS, USA
- Food Animal Residue Avoidance and Databank Program (FARAD), Kansas State University Olathe, Olathe, KS, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Lisa A Tell
- FARAD, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Gerald J Wyckoff
- 1DATA Consortium, www.1DATA.life, Kansas State University Olathe, Olathe, KS, USA
- School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas, Kansas, USA
| | - Majid Jaberi-Douraki
- 1DATA Consortium, www.1DATA.life, Kansas State University Olathe, Olathe, KS, USA
- Food Animal Residue Avoidance and Databank Program (FARAD), Kansas State University Olathe, Olathe, KS, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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Català M, Burn E, Rathod-Mistry T, Xie J, Delmestri A, Prieto-Alhambra D, Jödicke AM. Observational methods for COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness research: an empirical evaluation and target trial emulation. Int J Epidemiol 2024; 53:dyad138. [PMID: 37833846 PMCID: PMC10859138 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyad138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are scarce data on best practices to control for confounding in observational studies assessing vaccine effectiveness to prevent COVID-19. We compared the performance of three well-established methods [overlap weighting, inverse probability treatment weighting and propensity score (PS) matching] to minimize confounding when comparing vaccinated and unvaccinated people. Subsequently, we conducted a target trial emulation to study the ability of these methods to replicate COVID-19 vaccine trials. METHODS We included all individuals aged ≥75 from primary care records from the UK [Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) AURUM], who were not infected with or vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 as of 4 January 2021. Vaccination status was then defined based on first COVID-19 vaccine dose exposure between 4 January 2021 and 28 January 2021. Lasso regression was used to calculate PS. Location, age, prior observation time, regional vaccination rates, testing effort and COVID-19 incidence rates at index date were forced into the PS. Following PS weighting and matching, the three methods were compared for remaining covariate imbalance and residual confounding. Last, a target trial emulation comparing COVID-19 at 3 and 12 weeks after first vaccine dose vs unvaccinated was conducted. RESULTS Vaccinated and unvaccinated cohorts comprised 583 813 and 332 315 individuals for weighting, respectively, and 459 000 individuals in the matched cohorts. Overlap weighting performed best in terms of minimizing confounding and systematic error. Overlap weighting successfully replicated estimates from clinical trials for vaccine effectiveness for ChAdOx1 (57%) and BNT162b2 (75%) at 12 weeks. CONCLUSION Overlap weighting performed best in our setting. Our results based on overlap weighting replicate previous pivotal trials for the two first COVID-19 vaccines approved in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martí Català
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Edward Burn
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Trishna Rathod-Mistry
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Junqing Xie
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Antonella Delmestri
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annika M Jödicke
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Primorac Padjen E, Marcec R, Zidar M, Padjen I, Katanec T, Anic B, Likic R. Comparison of reporting rates of arthritis and arthralgia following AstraZeneca, Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, and Janssen vaccine administration against SARS-CoV-2 in 2021: analysis of European pharmacovigilance large-scale data. Rheumatol Int 2024; 44:273-281. [PMID: 38142450 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-023-05512-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the reporting rates of arthritis and arthralgia following the administration of four vaccines against SARS-CoV-2: Pfizer-BioNTech (Tozinameran), Moderna (CX-024414), AstraZeneca (Chadox1 NCOV-19), and Janssen (AD26.COV2.S) in 2021. We used data from the EudraVigilance database, specifically analyzing spontaneous reports of suspected adverse reactions (ADRs) from the European Union (EU)/European Economic Area (EEA) region. Age-group-specific reporting rates were calculated by dividing the number of arthralgia and arthritis reports per 1,000,000 vaccine doses administered per age group. Reporting rates were compared using a rate ratio among the four vaccines, using the AstraZeneca vaccine as a comparator. The AstraZeneca vaccine was associated with the highest rate of arthralgia across all age groups. Arthritis reporting rates were significantly lower, with the AstraZeneca vaccine having the highest rates in most age groups, except the 60-69 and 80+ groups, where the Janssen and Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines demonstrated higher reporting rates, respectively. The distribution of arthritis rates did not follow the arthralgia pattern, being higher in the 50-79 age group. This study is the first spontaneous reporting system analysis of arthritis reporting rates post-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination at a European level, revealing a higher reporting of suspected musculoskeletal adverse reactions after AstraZeneca vaccination. The findings underscore the need to consider commonly reported events like arthralgia in risk-benefit assessments prior to vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Given the high prevalence of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases and vaccine hesitancy in this population, our results could influence vaccine choice and acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Marcec
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matija Zidar
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Padjen
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Katanec
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Branimir Anic
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Robert Likic
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kispaticeva 12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Sakkas LI, Chikanza IC. Sex bias in immune response: it is time to include the sex variable in studies of autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Rheumatol Int 2024; 44:203-209. [PMID: 37716925 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-023-05446-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Healthy females and males differ in their immune cell composition and function and females generally mount stronger immune response than males and are much more susceptible to autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Females differ from males in sex hormones, and X-chromosome genes. Sex hormones affect immune cells and responses, and may induce epigenetic DNA changes. The importance of X-chromosome genes is exemplified in men with the Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY) who have an additional X-chromosome and develop systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) as frequently as women. X-chromosome contains genes critical for the immune response, such as FOXP3, toll-like receptor(TLR)7, TLR8, CD40 Ligand, IL2RG, IL9R, BTK, and others. Whereas one X-chromosome in females is randomly inactivated early in embryonic development, around 25% of X-linked genes escape inactivation and result in more X-linked gene dosage in females. We use two key female-biased autoimmune rheumatic diseases, SLE and systemic sclerosis, to review differences in immune response, and clinical manifestations between females and males. The inclusion of sex variable in research will facilitate precision medicine and optimal patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazaros I Sakkas
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
- Division of Rheumatology, IASO Thessalias General Hospital, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Ian C Chikanza
- Professor in Rheumatology and Immunology, Paediatrics Department, Catholic University, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
- International Arthritis and Hypermobility Centre, Harley Street Clinic, London, UK
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McElvaney OJ, Cleary B, Fraughen DD, Kelly G, McElvaney OF, Murphy MP, Branagan P, Gunaratnam C, Carroll TP, Goss CH, McElvaney NG. Safety and Reactogenicity of COVID-19 Vaccination in Severe Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES (MIAMI, FLA.) 2024; 11:3-12. [PMID: 37676644 PMCID: PMC10913930 DOI: 10.15326/jcopdf.2023.0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) exhibit dysregulated inflammatory responses and a predilection for autoimmunity. While the adverse event (AE) profiles of COVID-19 vaccines in several chronic inflammatory conditions are now available, safety and tolerability data for patients with severe AATD have yet to be described. The feasibility of coadministering vaccines against COVID-19 and influenza in this population is similarly unclear. Methods We conducted a prospective study of 170 patients with Pi*ZZ genotype AATD receiving their initial vaccination series with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca). Patients were monitored clinically for AEs over the week that followed their first and second doses. In parallel, we conducted the same assessments in patients with Pi*MM genotype chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n=160) and Pi*MM individuals without lung disease (n=150). The Pi*ZZ cohort was subsequently followed through 2 consecutive mRNA-based booster vaccines (monovalent and bivalent BNT162b2, Pfizer/BioNTech). To assess the safety of combined vaccination against COVID-19 and influenza, the quadrivalent influenza vaccine was administered to participants attending for their second COVID-19 booster vaccination, either on the same day or following a 1-week interval. Results Pi*ZZ AATD participants did not display increased AEs compared to Pi*MM COPD or Pi*MM non-lung disease controls. Although unexpected and serious vaccine-associated AEs did occur, the majority of AEs experienced across the 3 groups were mild and self-limiting. The AATD demographic at highest risk for AEs (especially systemic and prolonged AEs) was young females. No increase in AE risk was observed in patients with established emphysema, sonographic evidence of liver disease, or in those receiving intravenous augmentation therapy. AE incidence declined sharply following the initial vaccine series. Same-day coadministration of the COVID-19 mRNA bivalent booster vaccine and the annual influenza vaccine did not result in increased AEs compared to sequential vaccines 1 week apart. Conclusions Despite their pro-inflammatory state, patients with severe AATD are not at increased risk of AEs or serious AEs compared to patients with nonhereditary COPD and patients without lung disease. Same-day coadministration of COVID-19 booster vaccines with the annual influenza vaccine is feasible, safe, and well-tolerated in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J. McElvaney
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- National Centre for Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Brian Cleary
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel D. Fraughen
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- National Centre for Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Oisin F. McElvaney
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark P. Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter Branagan
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- National Centre for Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cedric Gunaratnam
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- National Centre for Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tomás P. Carroll
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Alpha-1 Foundation of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christopher H. Goss
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Noel G. McElvaney
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- National Centre for Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Muller I, Consonni D, Crivicich E, Di Marco F, Currò N, Salvi M. Increased Risk of Thyroid Eye Disease Following Covid-19 Vaccination. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:516-526. [PMID: 37622279 PMCID: PMC10795895 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT SARS-CoV-2 infection and Covid-19 vaccines have been associated with thyroid disorders. OBJECTIVE We analyzed the risk of thyroid eye disease (TED) following Covid-19 vaccination. This was a self-controlled case series study at a tertiary referral center for TED. A total of 98 consecutive patients with newly developed (n = 92) or reactivated (n = 6) TED occurring between January 1, 2021, and August 31, 2022, were included. TED was assessed in patients undergoing Covid-19 vaccination. Person-days were defined as exposed if TED occurred 1 to 28 days after vaccination, and unexposed if occurring outside this time window. Conditional Poisson regression models were fitted to calculate incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% CI of exposed vs unexposed. Sensitivity analyses were conducted considering different exposed periods, and effect modification by potential TED risk factors. RESULTS Covid-19 vaccines were administered in 81 people, 25 (31%) of whom developed TED in exposed and 56 (69%) in unexposed periods. The IRR for TED was 3.24 (95% CI 2.01-5.20) and 4.70 (95% CI 2.39-9.23) in patients below 50 years of age. Sex, smoking, and radioiodine treatment did not modify the association between TED and vaccination. TED risk was unrelated to the number of vaccine doses, and progressively decreased over time following vaccination (P trend = .03). CONCLUSION The risk of TED was significantly increased after Covid-19 vaccination, especially in people below 50 years of age. Possible mechanisms include spike protein interaction with the angiotensin-converting enzyme II receptor, cross-reactivity with thyroid self-proteins, and immune reactions induced by adjuvants. We suggest monitoring of individuals undergoing Covid-19 vaccination, especially if young and at risk for autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Muller
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Graves’ Orbitopathy Center, Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Consonni
- Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Erica Crivicich
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Marco
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Currò
- Graves’ Orbitopathy Center, Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Salvi
- Graves’ Orbitopathy Center, Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Ding X, Sheng Z, Yetişgen M, Pakhomov S, Cohen T. Backdoor Adjustment of Confounding by Provenance for Robust Text Classification of Multi-institutional Clinical Notes. AMIA ... ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS. AMIA SYMPOSIUM 2024; 2023:923-932. [PMID: 38222433 PMCID: PMC10785933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods have been broadly applied to clinical tasks. Machine learning and deep learning approaches have been used to improve the performance of clinical NLP. However, these approaches require sufficiently large datasets for training, and trained models have been shown to transfer poorly across sites. These issues have led to the promotion of data collection and integration across different institutions for accurate and portable models. However, this can introduce a form of bias called confounding by provenance. When source-specific data distributions differ at deployment, this may harm model performance. To address this issue, we evaluate the utility of backdoor adjustment for text classification in a multi-site dataset of clinical notes annotated for mentions of substance abuse. Using an evaluation framework devised to measure robustness to distributional shifts, we assess the utility of backdoor adjustment. Our results indicate that backdoor adjustment can effectively mitigate for confounding shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiruo Ding
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Eterafi M, Fouladi N, Golizadeh M, Shaker H, Matin S, Safarzadeh E. Reported side-effects following Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine in the north-west province, Iran: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296669. [PMID: 38181026 PMCID: PMC10769020 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
While the vaccination was introduced as a promising tool to control the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, concerns about vaccine-related side effects had grown. Due to the widespread administration of the COVID-19 vaccine worldwide for the first time, it was necessary to evaluate the safety and potential side effects in recipients. This study aims to assess, the incidence of adverse effects following Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccination and identify their related factors. In this cross-sectional survey-based study, 453 volunteers participated, including 235 men and 218 women. The reported adverse reactions from recipients of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) vaccine were collected by using a questionnaire. The findings showed that the incidence of adverse reactions, such as neurological, systematic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and local symptoms were significantly higher after the first dose compared to the second dose. Systematic symptoms were the most prevalent reported side effects after the first and second dose injection. The demographical study of participants showed that individuals aged 18-34 and females were more prone to present adverse events following vaccination. However, no significant relationship was found between the occurrence of side effects and the recipients' body mass index. Despite the life-saving role of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, it may have some adverse reactions in recipients. The severity and frequency of side effects were different. So, they were dependent on several factors, including gender and age. Altogether, post-vaccination adverse reactions were mild and tolerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Eterafi
- Students Research Committee, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Nasrin Fouladi
- School of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Majid Golizadeh
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Shaker
- Students Research Committee, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Somaieh Matin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Emam Khomeini Hospital, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Elham Safarzadeh
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology, and Immunology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Azees AS, Fasiku MM, Isa A, Ezenwoko AZ, Ahmed A, Temitayo-Oboh AO, Utulu R, Adeniyi MA, Musa A, Alo C, Ibrahim UM, Imhonopi GB, Adesoye OO, Okeke IM, John GT, Ayinla AY. Vaccine Safety: Assessing the Prevalence and Severity of Adverse Events Following COVID-19 Vaccination amongst Healthcare Workers in Tertiary Health Facilities in Nigeria. Niger Postgrad Med J 2024; 31:1-7. [PMID: 38321791 DOI: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_227_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccines, including COVID-19 vaccines, are known to be cost-effective interventions for disease prevention and control. However, adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) may challenge the acceptance of these vaccines. This study assessed the prevalence and severity of COVID-19-related AEFI amongst healthcare workers at tertiary health facilities in Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among healthcare workers who had received the COVID-19 vaccine. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select participants from six Tertiary Health Facilities in Nigeria. Ethical approval (NHREC/01/01/2007-19/07/2021) was obtained from NHREC. Data were analysed using IBM® SPSS version 25 and categorical variables were presented in tables/charts using frequencies and proportions. RESULTS A total of 2130 respondents participated in the study, with a mean age of 37.4 ± 9.1 years. Most of the respondents, 1674 (78.6%), had two doses of the vaccine, and the overall prevalence of AEFI was 813 (38.2%). Common among the AEFI reported following the administration of the first dose of the vaccine were fever 649 (30.5%) and pain at the injection site 644 (30.2%), while it was pain at the injection site 216 (10.1%) and fever 173 (8.1%) for second dose. The higher proportions of AEFI were mostly mild to moderate. CONCLUSION The study observed a relatively low prevalence of AEFI, with the commonly reported ones being fever and injection site pain. It is crucial that countries continuously collect the data on AEFI and establish causality as a way to improve quality and guarantee vaccine safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayotunde Sherif Azees
- Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care, Federal Medical Center, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Mojirola Martina Fasiku
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Abdulfattah Isa
- Department of Public Health, Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria
| | - Ahuna Zainab Ezenwoko
- Department of Community Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Argungu, Kebbi State, Nigeria
| | - Abdullahi Ahmed
- Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care, Federal Medical Center, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | | | - Rowland Utulu
- Department of Community Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Makinde Adebayo Adeniyi
- Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care, Federal Medical Center, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Abubakar Musa
- Department of Community Medicine, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital, Bauchi, Nigeria
| | - Chihurumnanya Alo
- Department of Community Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Usman Muhammed Ibrahim
- Department of Community Medicine, Federal University Dutse, Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria
| | - Gloria Bosede Imhonopi
- Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care, Federal Medical Center, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseun Opeyemi Adesoye
- Department of Community Medicine, Medicine Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara, Nigeria
| | - Ifeyinwa Maureen Okeke
- Department of Community Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Godwin ThankGod John
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Abdulquadri Yeketi Ayinla
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Moradi Hasan-Abad A, Arbabi M, Gilasi H, Motedayyen H. Immunogenicity and adverse events of the COVID-19 vaccines in healthy and individuals with autoimmune diseases in an Iranian population. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2024; 38:3946320241239202. [PMID: 38494849 PMCID: PMC10946076 DOI: 10.1177/03946320241239202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Recent studies have proposed various COVID-19 vaccines to control the disease and protect susceptible individuals. However, immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 vaccines in various populations are not well identified yet. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the efficacy and safety of the BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) vaccines in healthy subjects and patients with autoimmune diseases.Methods: Study population included 121 healthy subjects and 100 patients with autoimmune diseases. Immunization was performed based on the national vaccination protocols. Of the 221 volunteers, 201 subjects received Sinopharm and 20 cases were vaccinated with Oxford-AstraZeneca. During a 1-year follow-up, the immunogenicity was measured by ELISA before primary vaccination and 1 to 3 months after secondary immunization. Side effects were studied before entering the study and 1 week after the second dose.Results: Vaccination had a positive impact on the induction of immunogenic response (p < .0001). The rates of seropositive vaccine responses were 80% and 75% in subjects vaccinated with the Sinopharm and Oxford-AstraZeneca, respectively. The neutralizing antibody values were significantly higher in subjects with autoimmune diseases than those without autoimmunity (p < .05). The rate of adverse events were 38% and 42% in subjects vaccinated with the Sinopharm and Oxford-AstraZeneca, respectively. The rates of immunogenic responses induced with the Sinopharm and Oxford-AstraZeneca were, respectively, 76% and 81.5% in seropositive subjects, while they were 63.8% and 79.1% in seronegative subjects vaccinated with the Sinopharm and Oxford-AstraZeneca, respectively. Individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 showed a significant reduction in the value of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies compared with seronegative subjects (p < .01-.05). Seropositive individuals vaccinated with the Sinopharm had significantly higher the percentages of vaccine-related adverse events than seronegative persons (p < .05). There was no significant difference between seronegative and seropositive individuals vaccinated with the Oxford-AstraZeneca.Conclusion: Our findings revealed that the Sinopharm and Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines are effective in the production of neutralizing antibodies in healthy subjects and patients with autoimmune disorders undergoing immunosuppressive therapies without considerable reactogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Moradi Hasan-Abad
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Arbabi
- Department of Medical Parasitology And Mycology, Kashan University Of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Gilasi
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hossein Motedayyen
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Moukafih B, Belaroussi L, Achour S, Kartouti AE. Side Effects Reported by Moroccan Medical Students Who Received COVID-19 Vaccines. Curr Drug Saf 2024; 19:268-276. [PMID: 37138485 DOI: 10.2174/1574886318666230503113713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low confidence in the safety of COVID-19 vaccines was found to be a key promoter of vaccine reluctance especially among youth. Furthermore, young adults are an important demographic for building herd immunity through vaccination. As a result, their reactions to getting COVID-19 vaccines are crucial in our fight against SARS-CoV-2. OBJECTIVE The overall goal of this study was to look into the shortterm side effects experienced by Moroccan medical and pharmacy students after receiving COVID-19 vaccines. METHODS A cross-sectional survey-based study to assess the COVID-19 vaccines' short-term AEFIs among Moroccan medical and pharmacy students. The validated questionnaire was delivered in a digital form to explore the side effects (SE) they encountered after the first or the second dose of one of three vaccines namely: AstraZeneca Vaxzevria, PfizerBioNTeck, and SinoPharm vaccines. RESULTS There were 510 students in total who took part. After the first and second doses, approximately 72 percent and 78 percent of subjects, respectively, reported no SE. The remainder had localized injection site side effects (26%). Fatigue (21%), fever (19%), headache (17%), and myalgia (16%) were the most common systemic adverse effects after the first dose. There were no serious SEs reported. CONCLUSION The majority of the reported AEFIs in our data were mild to moderate in intensity and lasted only one or two days. COVID-19 vaccinations are highly likely safe for young adults, according to the findings of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badreddine Moukafih
- Central Pharmacy Department, CHU Hassan II, Medical Center for Biomedical and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and dentistry of Fez, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Leila Belaroussi
- Occupational Health Department, CHU Hassan II-Fez, Epidemiology and Health Sciences Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Sanae Achour
- Toxicology Department, CHU Hassan II, Fez, Medical Center for Biomedical and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry of Fez, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Morocco Hospital, Fez, Morocco
| | - Abdeslam El Kartouti
- Pharmacy Service, Moulay Ismaïl Military Hospital, Meknès, Medical Center for Biomedical and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry of Fez, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
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Rasheed N, Khan J, Yusuf A, Khan AS, Mustajab A, Majeed R, Hashmi AA. AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccine and Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Clinical Study Regarding Vaccine Side Effects. Cureus 2024; 16:e51583. [PMID: 38313879 PMCID: PMC10836246 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major public health problem worldwide, and vaccination is currently the most effective way to control its spread and reduce its severity. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevalent chronic disease that poses a significant health risk and is a frequent comorbidity in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the frequency of local and systemic side effects of the AstraZeneca vaccine among diabetic and non-diabetic participants. Methodology This multicenter study was designed as a cross-sectional prospective study and was conducted in Pakistan using a non-probability consecutive sampling method. The study duration was eight months from August 1, 2022, to March 31, 2023. A total of 700 participants who received both (first and second) doses of the AstraZeneca immunization were included in the study. An independent t-test was applied to determine the association between the means and standard deviations of age, height, weight, and duration of DM and hypertension. The chi-square test was used to evaluate the association between local and systemic side effects. Results Among the 700 participants, 173 (49.4%) males and 177 (50.6%) females had diabetes, whereas 183 (52.3%) males and 167 (47.7%) females did not have DM; their mean ages were 46.95 ± 12.73 years (diabetics) and 38.10 ± 14.14 years (non-diabetics). The most frequent adverse effects of the AstraZeneca vaccine after the first dose were pain at the injection site, reported by 259 (74.0%) diabetics and 226 (64.6%) non-diabetic participants; however, after the second dose, injection site swelling in 170 (48.6%) diabetic and 163 (46.6%) non-diabetic recipients was the most commonly reported local side effects. Conclusions This study concluded that concurrent medical conditions such as DM had substantially more local and systemic side effects than those without the disease. After receiving both doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine, the most frequently reported local side effects in both diabetic and non-diabetic participants were pain, swelling, and burning at the injection site, followed by systemic side effects such as fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Rasheed
- Department of Medicine, Basic Health Sciences, and Neuropharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, ITA
| | - Javeria Khan
- Anatomy, Dow International Dental College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Anusha Yusuf
- Internal Medicine, Essa General Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | | | - Arhum Mustajab
- Internal Medicine, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Derbyshire, GBR
| | - Rabika Majeed
- Family Medicine, Al-Samdah Health Center Duba, Ministry of Health, Duba, SAU
| | - Atif A Hashmi
- Pathology, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, PAK
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Lim J, Paek JH, Shin HC, Park WY, Jin K, Choe M, Han S, Kim Y. Acute interstitial nephritis with acute kidney injury after COVID-19 vaccination: a case report. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2024; 13:68-71. [PMID: 38362370 PMCID: PMC10864883 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2024.13.1.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of the massive spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the development of a COVID-19 vaccine is urgently needed. The Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine has been widely applied across global populations. Herein, we report a case of acute interstitial nephritis with acute kidney injury in a young healthy subject after administration of the COVID-19 vaccine. A 20-year-old man was admitted with abdominal discomfort and nausea. He had received the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine 6 days before. At 9 days after vaccination, his kidney function was decreased, with serum creatinine levels of 1.8 mg/dL. Even with supportive care with hydration, his kidney function worsened, and he underwent a kidney biopsy. The pathology findings revealed diffuse interstitial infiltration of inflammatory cells, predominantly comprising lymphocytes, with preservation of the glomerulus. No abnormal findings were noted by immunofluorescence or electron microscopy. Based on a diagnosis of drug-related acute interstitial nephritis, we treated the patient with high-dose prednisolone. After administration of prednisolone, kidney function slowly improved. A close linkage between COVID-19 vaccination and acute interstitial nephritis should be considered in the clinic, despite the low incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Lim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jin Hyuk Paek
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- Keimyung University Kidney Institute, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyeong Chan Shin
- Department of Pathology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Woo Yeong Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- Keimyung University Kidney Institute, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyubok Jin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- Keimyung University Kidney Institute, Daegu, Korea
| | - Misun Choe
- Department of Pathology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seungyeup Han
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- Keimyung University Kidney Institute, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yaerim Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- Keimyung University Kidney Institute, Daegu, Korea
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Morón-Ocaña JM, Lorente-Lavirgen AI, Coronel-Pérez IM, Martínez-Barranca ML. Lipschutz's vulvar ulcer in an adolescent after Pifzer COVID-19 vaccine. An Bras Dermatol 2024; 99:125-126. [PMID: 37652818 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
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Nguyen SV, Nguyen BT, Duong HNV, Lenh PT, Tran KT, Tran HM, Nguyen TC, Nguyen DP, Ta MN, Trieu NNM, Nguyen NB, Tran HQ, Tran ST, Rai R, Pham AL. Side effects following first dose of COVID-19 vaccination in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2176066. [PMID: 36856074 PMCID: PMC10026889 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2176066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are strongly recommended globally as an effective measure to prevent serious illness from and spread of COVID-19. Concerns about safety following vaccination continue to be the most common reason that people do not accept the vaccine. This retrospective study was carried out on 4341 people who received the first dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, BBIBP-CorV, or mRNA-1273 vaccine at Jio Health Clinic in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Post-injection side effects were either reported by participants or actively collected by health care staff by means of telemedicine. Local side effects were reported by 35.5% of all individuals, with pain being the most common symptom (33.3%). Systemic side effects were reported by 44.2% of individuals, with fever (25.3%) and fatigue (21.4%) being the most common. Age ≤60 years, female gender, and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 were significant independent risk factors for both local and systemic side effects, while a history of allergy was significant as a risk factor for local side effects. A total of 43 individuals (1.0%) reported concerning symptoms of rare severe complications, which were addressed and treated by physicians via Jio Health app.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Van Nguyen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Bay Thi Nguyen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Huong Nguyen Viet Duong
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Phong Thanh Lenh
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Kien Trung Tran
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hoa Minh Tran
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Cong Nguyen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Dung Phuong Nguyen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - My Ngoc Ta
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nhut Nguyen Minh Trieu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nam Ba Nguyen
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hung Quang Tran
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Son Thanh Tran
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Raghu Rai
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - An Le Pham
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Lee HY, Lien WC. Effects of COVID-19 vaccine type on Guillain-Barré syndrome: Two cases and a literature review. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2171231. [PMID: 36919452 PMCID: PMC10026858 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2171231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare but severe complication of COVID-19 vaccination. We report two cases of GBS following vaccination with the adenovirus vector vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Vaxzevria, AstraZeneca) and review the relevant literature. Relevant studies published between December 2020 and May 2022 including 881 patients with GBS were reviewed. GBS incidence and the need for mechanical ventilation were reported at a higher level among patients receiving Vaxzevria (n = 400). However, incidence cannot be accurately estimated from case reports. Thus, the true GBS rates following COVID-19 vaccination should be determined by population-based data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yu Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ching Lien
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zhang X, Yue Q, Li M, Wu C, Zhou L, Cai Y, Xu J. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination may improve anxious, insomnia and depressive symptoms among Chinese population aged 18-75 years during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22029. [PMID: 38087031 PMCID: PMC10716261 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48977-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported significant decreases in the incidence of mental health problems following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. However, less relevant studies are published in China. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving Chinese adults aged 18-75 years with no known psychiatric diseases. The study used data from mental health of SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated and unvaccinated participants from May 2020 to July 2021.Three standardized scales, namely, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) for anxious symptoms, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depressive symptoms and Athens Insomnia Score-8 (AIS-8) for insomnia symptoms, as well as basic demographic questions were used. The hierarchical regression method was used for multivariate logistic regression analysis to explore the effects of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on anxious, insomnia, and depressive symptoms. The results confirmed first that vaccinated participants experienced significantly lower anxious, insomnia, and depressive symptoms scores (P < 0.001) compared with unvaccinated participants. Second that vaccinated participants had a lower prevalence of anxious, insomnia, and depressive symptoms (P < 0.001). Third, after adjusting for potential confounders, we still observed a good correlation between vaccination and a reduced risk of anxious, insomnia, and depressive symptoms. The current study showed that SARS-CoV-2 vaccination may be helpful in improving anxious, insomnia, and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (The First People's Hospital of Changde City), 818 Renmin Road, Changde, 415000, Hunan, China
| | - Qiang Yue
- Department of Neurology, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (The First People's Hospital of Changde City), 818 Renmin Road, Changde, 415000, Hunan, China
| | - Mingxia Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryChangde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (The First People's Hospital of Changde City), 818 Renmin Road, Changde, 415000, Hunan, China
| | - Chaoping Wu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- The Outpatient DepartmentChangde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (The First People's Hospital of Changde City), 818 Renmin Road, Changde, 415000, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (The First People's Hospital of Changde City), 818 Renmin Road, Changde, 415000, Hunan, China.
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
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