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Li J, Wang W, Lin Z, Liu Z, Zhang R, Li R, Zhang J, Zheng Y, Qin D, Wu Y, Liu Y. Vinculin: A new target for the diagnosis and treatment of disease. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2025; 195:157-166. [PMID: 39863082 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2025.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Revised: 01/10/2025] [Accepted: 01/12/2025] [Indexed: 01/27/2025]
Abstract
Vinculin, a crucial adhesion plaque protein, plays a significant role in cell morphology and tissue development. Dysregulation of focal adhesion proteins has been linked to numerous diseases, including cardiovascular conditions, gastrointestinal disorders, and cancer. Recent studies increasingly highlight vinculin's involvement in the progression of these diseases; however, a comprehensive review remains lacking. Therefore, an in-depth and timely review is essential to consolidate the latest findings on vinculin's role in disease mechanisms. This study aims to examine how vinculin coordinates a complex network of signaling pathways across various pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqiang Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000, Luzhou, China
| | - Weiming Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000, Luzhou, China
| | - Zipeng Lin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000, Luzhou, China
| | - Ruilin Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000, Luzhou, China
| | - Runwen Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000, Luzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000, Luzhou, China
| | - Youkun Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, 646000, Luzhou, China
| | - Dalian Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, 646000, Luzhou, China
| | - Ya Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000, Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000, Luzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases) Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, 646000, Luzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000, Luzhou, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000, Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000, Luzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases) Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, 646000, Luzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000, Luzhou, China.
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2
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Mikhajlov O, Adar RM, Tătulea-Codrean M, Macé AS, Manzi J, Tabarin F, Battistella A, di Federico F, Joanny JF, Tran van Nhieu G, Bassereau P. Cell adhesion and spreading on fluid membranes through microtubules-dependent mechanotransduction. Nat Commun 2025; 16:1201. [PMID: 39885125 PMCID: PMC11782702 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-56343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2025] [Indexed: 02/01/2025] Open
Abstract
Integrin clusters facilitate mechanical force transmission (mechanotransduction) and regulate biochemical signaling during cell adhesion. However, most studies have focused on rigid substrates. On fluid substrates like supported lipid bilayers (SLBs), integrin ligands are mobile, and adhesive complexes are traditionally thought unable to anchor for cell spreading. Here, we demonstrate that cells spread on SLBs coated with Invasin, a high-affinity integrin ligand. Unlike SLBs functionalized with RGD peptides, integrin clusters on Invasin-SLBs grow in size and complexity comparable to those on glass. While actomyosin contraction dominates adhesion maturation on stiff substrates, we find that on fluid SLBs, integrin mechanotransduction and cell spreading rely on dynein pulling forces along microtubules perpendicular to the membranes and microtubules pushing on adhesive complexes, respectively. These forces, potentially present on non-deformable surfaces, are revealed in fluid substrate systems. Supported by a theoretical model, our findings demonstrate a mechanical role for microtubules in integrin clustering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Mikhajlov
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, 75005, Paris, France.
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CNRS UMR9198, Inserm U1280, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Cell Biology of Signaling, Biochemistry department, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Ram M Adar
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
- Collège de France, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005, Paris, France
- Department of Physics, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Maria Tătulea-Codrean
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
- Collège de France, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005, Paris, France
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0WA, UK
| | - Anne-Sophie Macé
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR144, Paris, France
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - John Manzi
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Tabarin
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Aude Battistella
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Fahima di Federico
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Joanny
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
- Collège de France, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Guy Tran van Nhieu
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CNRS UMR9198, Inserm U1280, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Patricia Bassereau
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, 75005, Paris, France.
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3
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Carney KR, Khan AM, Stam S, Samson SC, Mittal N, Han SJ, Bidone TC, Mendoza MC. Nascent adhesions shorten the period of lamellipodium protrusion through the Brownian ratchet mechanism. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar115. [PMID: 37672339 PMCID: PMC10846621 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-08-0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Directional cell migration is driven by the conversion of oscillating edge motion into lasting periods of leading edge protrusion. Actin polymerization against the membrane and adhesions control edge motion, but the exact mechanisms that determine protrusion period remain elusive. We addressed this by developing a computational model in which polymerization of actin filaments against a deformable membrane and variable adhesion dynamics support edge motion. Consistent with previous reports, our model showed that actin polymerization and adhesion lifetime power protrusion velocity. However, increasing adhesion lifetime decreased the protrusion period. Measurements of adhesion lifetime and edge motion in migrating cells confirmed that adhesion lifetime is associated with and promotes protrusion velocity, but decreased duration. Our model showed that adhesions' control of protrusion persistence originates from the Brownian ratchet mechanism for actin filament polymerization. With longer adhesion lifetime or increased-adhesion density, the proportion of actin filaments tethered to the substrate increased, maintaining filaments against the cell membrane. The reduced filament-membrane distance generated pushing force for high edge velocity, but limited further polymerization needed for protrusion duration. We propose a mechanism for cell edge protrusion in which adhesion strength regulates actin filament polymerization to control the periods of leading edge protrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith R. Carney
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Akib M. Khan
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Samantha Stam
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Shiela C. Samson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Nikhil Mittal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Sangyoon J. Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Tamara C. Bidone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Michelle C. Mendoza
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
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4
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Cardiac Differentiation Promotes Focal Adhesions Assembly through Vinculin Recruitment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032444. [PMID: 36768766 PMCID: PMC9916732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells of the cardiovascular system are physiologically exposed to a variety of mechanical forces fundamental for both cardiac development and functions. In this context, forces generated by actomyosin networks and those transmitted through focal adhesion (FA) complexes represent the key regulators of cellular behaviors in terms of cytoskeleton dynamism, cell adhesion, migration, differentiation, and tissue organization. In this study, we investigated the involvement of FAs on cardiomyocyte differentiation. In particular, vinculin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) family, which are known to be involved in cardiac differentiation, were studied. Results revealed that differentiation conditions induce an upregulation of both FAK-Tyr397 and vinculin, resulting also in the translocation to the cell membrane. Moreover, the role of mechanical stress in contractile phenotype expression was investigated by applying a uniaxial mechanical stretching (5% substrate deformation, 1 Hz frequency). Morphological evaluation revealed that the cell shape showed a spindle shape and reoriented following the stretching direction. Substrate deformation resulted also in modification of the length and the number of vinculin-positive FAs. We can, therefore, suggest that mechanotransductive pathways, activated through FAs, are highly involved in cardiomyocyte differentiation, thus confirming their role during cytoskeleton rearrangement and cardiac myofilament maturation.
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5
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Zhu Y, Stark CJ, Madira S, Ethiraj S, Venkatesh A, Anilkumar S, Jung J, Lee S, Wu CA, Walsh SK, Stankovich GA, Woo YPJ. Three-Dimensional Bioprinting with Alginate by Freeform Reversible Embedding of Suspended Hydrogels with Tunable Physical Properties and Cell Proliferation. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9120807. [PMID: 36551013 PMCID: PMC9774270 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9120807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Extrusion-based three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is an emerging technology that allows for rapid bio-fabrication of scaffolds with live cells. Alginate is a soft biomaterial that has been studied extensively as a bio-ink to support cell growth in 3D constructs. However, native alginate is a bio-inert material that requires modifications to allow for cell adhesion and cell growth. Cells grown in modified alginates with the RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartate) motif, a naturally existing tripeptide sequence that is crucial to cell adhesion and proliferation, demonstrate enhanced cell adhesion, spreading, and differentiation. Recently, the bioprinting technique using freeform reversible embedding of suspended hydrogels (FRESH) has revolutionized 3D bioprinting, enabling the use of soft bio-inks that would otherwise collapse in air. However, the printability of RGD-modified alginates using the FRESH technique has not been evaluated. The associated physical properties and bioactivity of 3D bio-printed alginates after RGD modification remains unclear. In this study, we characterized the physical properties, printability, and cellular proliferation of native and RGD-modified alginate after extrusion-based 3D bioprinting in FRESH. We demonstrated tunable physical properties of native and RGD-modified alginates after FRESH 3D bioprinting. Sodium alginate with RGD modification, especially at a high concentration, was associated with greatly improved cell viability and integrin clustering, which further enhanced cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjia Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Charles J. Stark
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sarah Madira
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sidarth Ethiraj
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Akshay Venkatesh
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shreya Anilkumar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jinsuh Jung
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Seunghyun Lee
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Catherine A. Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sabrina K. Walsh
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Yi-Ping Joseph Woo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Correspondence:
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6
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Case LB, De Pasquale M, Henry L, Rosen MK. Synergistic phase separation of two pathways promotes integrin clustering and nascent adhesion formation. eLife 2022; 11:e72588. [PMID: 35049497 PMCID: PMC8791637 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin adhesion complexes (IACs) are integrin-based plasma-membrane-associated compartments where cells sense environmental cues. The physical mechanisms and molecular interactions that mediate initial IAC formation are unclear. We found that both p130Cas ('Cas') and Focal adhesion kinase ('FAK') undergo liquid-liquid phase separation in vitro under physiologic conditions. Cas- and FAK- driven phase separation is sufficient to reconstitute kindlin-dependent integrin clustering in vitro with recombinant mammalian proteins. In vitro condensates and IACs in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) exhibit similar sensitivities to environmental perturbations including changes in temperature and pH. Furthermore, mutations that inhibit or enhance phase separation in vitro reduce or increase the number of IACs in MEFs, respectively. Finally, we find that the Cas and FAK pathways act synergistically to promote phase separation, integrin clustering, IAC formation and partitioning of key components in vitro and in cells. We propose that Cas- and FAK-driven phase separation provides an intracellular trigger for integrin clustering and nascent IAC formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay B Case
- Department of Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Milagros De Pasquale
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Lisa Henry
- Department of Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Michael K Rosen
- Department of Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
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7
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Legerstee K, Houtsmuller AB. A Layered View on Focal Adhesions. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111189. [PMID: 34827182 PMCID: PMC8614905 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The cytoskeleton is a network of protein fibres within cells that provide structure and support intracellular transport. Focal adhesions are protein complexes associated with the outer cell membrane that are found at the ends of specialised actin fibres of this cytoskeleton. They mediate cell adhesion by connecting the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix, a protein and sugar network that surrounds cells in tissues. Focal adhesions also translate forces on actin fibres into forces contributing to cell migration. Cell adhesion and migration are crucial to diverse biological processes such as embryonic development, proper functioning of the immune system or the metastasis of cancer cells. Advances in fluorescence microscopy and data analysis methods provided a more detailed understanding of the dynamic ways in which proteins bind and dissociate from focal adhesions and how they are organised within these protein complexes. In this review, we provide an overview of the advances in the current scientific understanding of focal adhesions and summarize relevant imaging techniques. One of the key insights is that focal adhesion proteins are organised into three layers parallel to the cell membrane. We discuss the relevance of this layered nature for the functioning of focal adhesion. Abstract The cytoskeleton provides structure to cells and supports intracellular transport. Actin fibres are crucial to both functions. Focal Adhesions (FAs) are large macromolecular multiprotein assemblies at the ends of specialised actin fibres linking these to the extracellular matrix. FAs translate forces on actin fibres into forces contributing to cell migration. This review will discuss recent insights into FA protein dynamics and their organisation within FAs, made possible by advances in fluorescence imaging techniques and data analysis methods. Over the last decade, evidence has accumulated that FAs are composed of three layers parallel to the plasma membrane. We focus on some of the most frequently investigated proteins, two from each layer, paxillin and FAK (bottom, integrin signalling layer), vinculin and talin (middle, force transduction layer) and zyxin and VASP (top, actin regulatory layer). Finally, we discuss the potential impact of this layered nature on different aspects of FA behaviour.
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8
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DiNapoli KT, Robinson DN, Iglesias PA. A mesoscale mechanical model of cellular interactions. Biophys J 2021; 120:4905-4917. [PMID: 34687718 PMCID: PMC8633826 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Computational models of cell mechanics allow the precise interrogation of cell shape change. These morphological changes are required for cells to survive in diverse tissue environments. Here, we present a mesoscale mechanical model of cell-substrate interactions using the level set method based on experimentally measured parameters. By implementing a viscoelastic mechanical equivalent circuit, we accurately model whole-cell deformations that are important for a variety of cellular processes. To effectively model shape changes as a cell interacts with a substrate, we have included receptor-mediated adhesion, which is governed by catch-slip bond behavior. The effect of adhesion was explored by subjecting cells to a variety of different substrates including flat, curved, and deformable surfaces. Finally, we increased the accuracy of our simulations by including a deformable nucleus in our cells. This model sets the foundation for further exploration into computational analyses of multicellular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen T DiNapoli
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Douglas N Robinson
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pablo A Iglesias
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland.
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9
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Eichinger JF, Grill MJ, Kermani ID, Aydin RC, Wall WA, Humphrey JD, Cyron CJ. A computational framework for modeling cell-matrix interactions in soft biological tissues. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2021; 20:1851-1870. [PMID: 34173132 PMCID: PMC8450219 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-021-01480-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Living soft tissues appear to promote the development and maintenance of a preferred mechanical state within a defined tolerance around a so-called set point. This phenomenon is often referred to as mechanical homeostasis. In contradiction to the prominent role of mechanical homeostasis in various (patho)physiological processes, its underlying micromechanical mechanisms acting on the level of individual cells and fibers remain poorly understood, especially how these mechanisms on the microscale lead to what we macroscopically call mechanical homeostasis. Here, we present a novel computational framework based on the finite element method that is constructed bottom up, that is, it models key mechanobiological mechanisms such as actin cytoskeleton contraction and molecular clutch behavior of individual cells interacting with a reconstructed three-dimensional extracellular fiber matrix. The framework reproduces many experimental observations regarding mechanical homeostasis on short time scales (hours), in which the deposition and degradation of extracellular matrix can largely be neglected. This model can serve as a systematic tool for future in silico studies of the origin of the numerous still unexplained experimental observations about mechanical homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas F Eichinger
- Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany.,Institute for Continuum and Materials Mechanics, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, 21073, Germany
| | - Maximilian J Grill
- Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Iman Davoodi Kermani
- Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Roland C Aydin
- Institute of Material Systems Modeling, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, 21502, Germany
| | - Wolfgang A Wall
- Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Christian J Cyron
- Institute for Continuum and Materials Mechanics, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, 21073, Germany. .,Institute of Material Systems Modeling, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, 21502, Germany.
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10
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Han SJ, Azarova EV, Whitewood AJ, Bachir A, Guttierrez E, Groisman A, Horwitz AR, Goult BT, Dean KM, Danuser G. Pre-complexation of talin and vinculin without tension is required for efficient nascent adhesion maturation. eLife 2021; 10:66151. [PMID: 33783351 PMCID: PMC8009661 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Talin and vinculin are mechanosensitive proteins that are recruited early to integrin-based nascent adhesions (NAs). In two epithelial cell systems with well-delineated NA formation, we find these molecules concurrently recruited to the subclass of NAs maturing to focal adhesions. After the initial recruitment under minimal load, vinculin accumulates in maturing NAs at a ~ fivefold higher rate than in non-maturing NAs, and is accompanied by a faster traction force increase. We identify the R8 domain in talin, which exposes a vinculin-binding-site (VBS) in the absence of load, as required for NA maturation. Disruption of R8 domain function reduces load-free vinculin binding to talin, and reduces the rate of additional vinculin recruitment. Taken together, these data show that the concurrent recruitment of talin and vinculin prior to mechanical engagement with integrins is essential for the traction-mediated unfolding of talin, exposure of additional VBSs, further recruitment of vinculin, and ultimately, NA maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangyoon J Han
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, United States
| | - Evgenia V Azarova
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | | | - Alexia Bachir
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States
| | - Edgar Guttierrez
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Alex Groisman
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Alan R Horwitz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin M Dean
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Gaudenz Danuser
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
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11
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Legerstee K, Abraham TE, van Cappellen WA, Nigg AL, Slotman JA, Houtsmuller AB. Growth factor dependent changes in nanoscale architecture of focal adhesions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2315. [PMID: 33504939 PMCID: PMC7841166 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81898-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) are flat elongated structures that mediate cell migration and link the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. Along the vertical axis FAs were shown to be composed of three layers. We used structured illumination microscopy to examine the longitudinal distribution of four hallmark FA proteins, which we also used as markers for these layers. At the FA ends pointing towards the adherent membrane edge (heads), bottom layer protein paxillin protruded, while at the opposite ends (tails) intermediate layer protein vinculin and top layer proteins zyxin and VASP extended further. At the tail tips, only intermediate layer protein vinculin protruded. Importantly, head and tail compositions were altered during HGF-induced scattering with paxillin heads being shorter and zyxin tails longer. Additionally, FAs at protruding or retracting membrane edges had longer paxillin heads than FAs at static edges. These data suggest that redistribution of FA-proteins with respect to each other along FAs is involved in cell movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Legerstee
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, the Netherlands
| | - Tsion E Abraham
- Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, the Netherlands
| | - Wiggert A van Cappellen
- Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, the Netherlands
| | - Alex L Nigg
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, the Netherlands.,Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, the Netherlands
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, the Netherlands
| | - Adriaan B Houtsmuller
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, the Netherlands. .,Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, the Netherlands.
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12
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Maynard SA, Winter CW, Cunnane EM, Stevens MM. Advancing Cell-Instructive Biomaterials Through Increased Understanding of Cell Receptor Spacing and Material Surface Functionalization. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 7:553-547. [PMID: 34805482 PMCID: PMC8594271 DOI: 10.1007/s40883-020-00180-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Regenerative medicine is aimed at restoring normal tissue function and can benefit from the application of tissue engineering and nano-therapeutics. In order for regenerative therapies to be effective, the spatiotemporal integration of tissue-engineered scaffolds by the native tissue, and the binding/release of therapeutic payloads by nano-materials, must be tightly controlled at the nanoscale in order to direct cell fate. However, due to a lack of insight regarding cell–material interactions at the nanoscale and subsequent downstream signaling, the clinical translation of regenerative therapies is limited due to poor material integration, rapid clearance, and complications such as graft-versus-host disease. This review paper is intended to outline our current understanding of cell–material interactions with the aim of highlighting potential areas for knowledge advancement or application in the field of regenerative medicine. This is achieved by reviewing the nanoscale organization of key cell surface receptors, the current techniques used to control the presentation of cell-interactive molecules on material surfaces, and the most advanced techniques for characterizing the interactions that occur between cell surface receptors and materials intended for use in regenerative medicine. Lay Summary The combination of biology, chemistry, materials science, and imaging technology affords exciting opportunities to better diagnose and treat a wide range of diseases. Recent advances in imaging technologies have enabled better understanding of the specific interactions that occur between human cells and their immediate surroundings in both health and disease. This biological understanding can be used to design smart therapies and tissue replacements that better mimic native tissue. Here, we discuss the advances in molecular biology and technologies that can be employed to functionalize materials and characterize their interaction with biological entities to facilitate the design of more sophisticated medical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A. Maynard
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Charles W. Winter
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Eoghan M. Cunnane
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
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13
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Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy Reveals Interaction of Some Microdomain-Associated Lipids with Cellular Focal Adhesion Sites. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218149. [PMID: 33142729 PMCID: PMC7662714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells adhere to the extracellular matrix at distinct anchoring points, mostly focal adhesions. These are rich in immobile transmembrane- and cytoskeletal-associated proteins, some of which are known to interact with lipids of the plasma membrane. To investigate their effect on lipid mobility and molecular interactions, fluorescently labeled lipids were incorporated into the plasma membranes of primary myofibroblasts using fusogenic liposomes. With fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, we tested mobilities of labeled microdomain-associated lipids such as sphingomyelin (SM), ganglioside (GM1), and cholesterol as well as of a microdomain-excluded phospholipid (PC) and a lipid-like molecule (DiIC18(7)) in focal adhesions (FAs) and in neighboring non-adherent membrane areas. We found significantly slower diffusion of SM and GM1 inside FAs but no effect on cholesterol, PC, and DiIC18(7). These data were compared to the molecular behavior in Lo/Ld-phase separated giant unilamellar vesicles, which served as a model system for microdomain containing lipid membranes. In contrast to the model system, lipid mobility changes in FAs were molecularly selective, and no particle enrichment occurred. Our findings suggest that lipid behavior in FAs cannot be described by Lo/Ld-phase separation. The observed slow-down of some molecules in FAs is potentially due to transient binding between lipids and some molecular constituent(s).
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14
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DE Mets R, Delon A, Balland M, Destaing O, Wang I. Dynamic range and background filtering in raster image correlation spectroscopy. J Microsc 2020; 279:123-138. [PMID: 32441342 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Raster-scan image correlation spectroscopy (RICS) enables researchers to measure molecular translational diffusion constants and concentrations from standard confocal laser scanning microscope images and is suitable for measuring a wide range of mobility, especially fast-diffusing molecules. However, as RICS analysis is based on the spatial autocorrelation function of fluorescence images, it is sensitive to the presence of fluorescent structures within the image. In this study, we investigate methods to filter out immobile or slow moving background structures and their impact on RICS results. Both the conventional moving-average subtraction-based method and cross-correlation subtraction-based method are rationalized and quantified. Simulated data and experimental measurements in living cells stress the importance of optimizing the temporal resolution of background filtering for reliable RICS measurements. Finally, the capacity of RICS analysis to separate two species is studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- R DE Mets
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, Grenoble, France.,Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - A Delon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, Grenoble, France
| | - M Balland
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, Grenoble, France
| | - O Destaing
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - I Wang
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, Grenoble, France
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15
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MacKay L, Khadra A. The bioenergetics of integrin-based adhesion, from single molecule dynamics to stability of macromolecular complexes. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:393-416. [PMID: 32128069 PMCID: PMC7044673 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The forces actively generated by motile cells must be transmitted to their environment in a spatiotemporally regulated manner, in order to produce directional cellular motion. This task is accomplished through integrin-based adhesions, large macromolecular complexes that link the actin-cytoskelton inside the cell to its external environment. Despite their relatively large size, adhesions exhibit rapid dynamics, switching between assembly and disassembly in response to chemical and mechanical cues exerted by cytoplasmic biochemical signals, and intracellular/extracellular forces, respectively. While in material science, force typically disrupts adhesive contact, in this biological system, force has a more nuanced effect, capable of causing assembly or disassembly. This initially puzzled experimentalists and theorists alike, but investigation into the mechanisms regulating adhesion dynamics have progressively elucidated the origin of these phenomena. This review provides an overview of recent studies focused on the theoretical understanding of adhesion assembly and disassembly as well as the experimental studies that motivated them. We first concentrate on the kinetics of integrin receptors, which exhibit a complex response to force, and then investigate how this response manifests itself in macromolecular adhesion complexes. We then turn our attention to studies of adhesion plaque dynamics that link integrins to the actin-cytoskeleton, and explain how force can influence the assembly/disassembly of these macromolecular structure. Subsequently, we analyze the effect of force on integrins populations across lengthscales larger than single adhesions. Finally, we cover some theoretical studies that have considered both integrins and the adhesion plaque and discuss some potential future avenues of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent MacKay
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anmar Khadra
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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16
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Shannon MJ, Pineau J, Griffié J, Aaron J, Peel T, Williamson DJ, Zamoyska R, Cope AP, Cornish GH, Owen DM. Differential nanoscale organisation of LFA-1 modulates T-cell migration. J Cell Sci 2019; 133:jcs.232991. [PMID: 31471459 PMCID: PMC7614863 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.232991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Effector T-cells rely on integrins to drive adhesion and migration to facilitate their immune function. The heterodimeric transmembrane integrin LFA-1 (αLβ2 integrin) regulates adhesion and migration of effector T-cells through linkage of the extracellular matrix with the intracellular actin treadmill machinery. Here, we quantified the velocity and direction of F-actin flow in migrating T-cells alongside single-molecule localisation of transmembrane and intracellular LFA-1. Results showed that actin retrograde flow positively correlated and immobile actin negatively correlated with T-cell velocity. Plasma membrane-localised LFA-1 forms unique nano-clustering patterns in the leading edge, compared to the mid-focal zone, of migrating T-cells. Deleting the cytosolic phosphatase PTPN22, loss-of-function mutations of which have been linked to autoimmune disease, increased T-cell velocity, and leading-edge co-clustering of pY397 FAK, pY416 Src family kinases and LFA-1. These data suggest that differential nanoclustering patterns of LFA-1 in migrating T-cells may instruct intracellular signalling. Our data presents a paradigm where T-cells modulate the nanoscale organisation of adhesion and signalling molecules to fine tune their migration speed, with implications for the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Shannon
- Department of Physics and Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Judith Pineau
- Department of Physics and Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Juliette Griffié
- Department of Physics and Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Jesse Aaron
- Advanced Imaging Center, HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Tamlyn Peel
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology and Microbiological Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - David J Williamson
- Department of Physics and Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Rose Zamoyska
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Andrew P Cope
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology and Microbiological Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Georgina H Cornish
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology and Microbiological Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Dylan M Owen
- Department of Physics and Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK .,Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy and Department of Mathematics and Centre for Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TQ, UK
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17
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Casalou C, Faustino A, Silva F, Ferreira IC, Vaqueirinho D, Ferreira A, Castanheira P, Barona T, Ramalho JS, Serpa J, Félix A, Barral DC. Arl13b Regulates Breast Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion by Controlling Integrin-Mediated Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101461. [PMID: 31569511 PMCID: PMC6826833 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the first cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide, according to the most recent estimates. This mortality is mainly caused by the tumors' ability to form metastases. Cancer cell migration and invasion are essential for metastasis and rely on the interplay between actin cytoskeleton remodeling and cell adhesion. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms by which cancer cell invasion is controlled may provide new strategies to impair cancer progression. We investigated the role of the ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf)-like (Arl) protein Arl13b in breast cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro, using breast cancer cell lines and in vivo, using mouse orthotopic models. We show that Arl13b silencing inhibits breast cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro, as well as cancer progression in vivo. We also observed that Arl13b is upregulated in breast cancer cell lines and patient tissue samples. Moreover, we found that Arl13b localizes to focal adhesions (FAs) and interacts with β3-integrin. Upon Arl13b silencing, β3-integrin cell surface levels and FA size are increased and integrin-mediated signaling is inhibited. Therefore, we uncover a role for Arl13b in breast cancer cell migration and invasion and provide a new mechanism for how ARL13B can function as an oncogene, through the modulation of integrin-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Casalou
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School| Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-82 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Alexandra Faustino
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School| Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-82 Lisboa, Portugal.
- ProRegeM-PhD Program in Mechanisms of Disease and Regenerative Medicine, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Fernanda Silva
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School| Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-82 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Inês C Ferreira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School| Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-82 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Daniela Vaqueirinho
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School| Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-82 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Andreia Ferreira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School| Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-82 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Castanheira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School| Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-82 Lisboa, Portugal.
- ProRegeM-PhD Program in Mechanisms of Disease and Regenerative Medicine, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Teresa Barona
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School| Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-82 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - José S Ramalho
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School| Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-82 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Jacinta Serpa
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School| Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-82 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ana Félix
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School| Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-82 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Duarte C Barral
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School| Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-82 Lisboa, Portugal.
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18
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MacKay L, Khadra A. Dynamics of Mechanosensitive Nascent Adhesion Formation. Biophys J 2019; 117:1057-1073. [PMID: 31493858 PMCID: PMC6818182 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular migration is a tightly regulated process that involves actin cytoskeleton, adaptor proteins, and integrin receptors. Forces are transmitted extracellularly through protein complexes of these molecules, called adhesions. Adhesions anchor the cell to its substrate, allowing it to migrate. In Chinese hamster ovary cells, three classes of adhesion can be identified: nascent adhesions (NAs), focal complexes, and focal adhesions, ranked here ascendingly based on size and stability. To understand the dynamics and mechanosensitive properties of NAs, a biophysical model of these NAs as colocalized clusters of integrins and adaptor proteins is developed. The model is then analyzed to characterize the dependence of NA area on biophysical parameters that regulate the number of integrins and adaptor proteins within NAs through a mechanosensitive coaggregation mechanism. Our results reveal that NA formation is triggered beyond a threshold of adaptor protein, integrin, or extracellular ligand densities, with these three factors listed in descending order of their relative influence on NA area. Further analysis of the model also reveals that an increase in coaggregation or reductions in integrin mobility inside the adhesion potentiate NA formation. By extending the model to consider the mechanosensitivity of the integrin bond, we identify mechanical stress, rather than mechanical load, as a permissive mechanical parameter that allows for noise-dependent and independent NA assembly, despite both parameters producing a bistable switch possessing a hysteresis. Stochastic simulations of the model confirm these results computationally. This study thus provides insight into the mechanical conditions defining NA dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent MacKay
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anmar Khadra
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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19
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Asaro RJ, Lin K, Zhu Q. Mechanosensitivity Occurs along the Adhesome's Force Train and Affects Traction Stress. Biophys J 2019; 117:1599-1614. [PMID: 31604520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we consider the process of force development along the adhesome within cell focal adhesions. Our model adhesome consists of the actin cytoskeleton-vinculin-talin-integrin-ligand-extracellular matrix-substrate force train. We specifically consider the effects of substrate stiffness on the force levels expected along the train and on the traction stresses they create at the substrate. We find that significant effects of substrate stiffness are manifest within each constitutive component of the force train and on the density and distribution of integrin/ligand anchorage points with the substrate. By following each component of the force train, we are able to delineate specific gaps in the quantitative descriptions of bond survival that must be addressed so that improved quantitative forecasts become possible. Our analysis provides, however, a rational description for the various levels of traction stresses that have been reported and of the effect of substrate stiffness. Our approach has the advantage of being quite clear as to how each constituent contributes to the net development of force and traction stress. We demonstrate that to provide truly quantitative forecasts for traction stress, a far more detailed description of integrin/ligand density and distribution is required. Although integrin density is already a well-recognized important feature of adhesion, our analysis places a finer point on it in the manner of how we evaluate the magnitude of traction stress. We provide mechanistic insight into how understanding of this vital element of the adhesion process may proceed by addressing mechanistic causes of integrin clustering that may lead to patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Asaro
- Structural Engineering, Department of Structural Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California.
| | - Kuanpo Lin
- Structural Engineering, Department of Structural Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Structural Engineering, Department of Structural Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
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20
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Dynamics and distribution of paxillin, vinculin, zyxin and VASP depend on focal adhesion location and orientation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10460. [PMID: 31320676 PMCID: PMC6639384 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46905-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) are multiprotein structures that link the intracellular cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. They mediate cell adhesion and migration, crucial to many (patho-) physiological processes. We examined in two cell types from different species the binding dynamics of functionally related FA protein pairs: paxillin and vinculin versus zyxin and VASP. In photobleaching experiments ~40% of paxillin and vinculin remained stably associated with a FA for over half an hour. Zyxin and VASP predominantly displayed more transient interactions. We show protein binding dynamics are influenced by FA location and orientation. In FAs located close to the edge of the adherent membrane paxillin, zyxin and VASP were more dynamic and had larger bound fractions. Zyxin and VASP were also more dynamic and had larger bound fractions at FAs perpendicular compared to parallel to this edge. Finally, we developed a photoconversion assay to specifically visualise stably bound proteins within subcellular structures and organelles. This revealed that while paxillin and vinculin are distributed evenly throughout FAs, their stably bound fractions form small clusters within the FA-complex. These clusters are more concentrated for paxillin than for vinculin and are mostly found at the proximal half of the FA where actin also enters.
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21
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Fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy: an invaluable microscopy tool for uncovering the biophysical rules for navigating the nuclear landscape. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:1117-1129. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20180604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Nuclear architecture is fundamental to the manner by which molecules traverse the nucleus. The nucleoplasm is a crowded environment where dynamic rearrangements in local chromatin compaction locally redefine the space accessible toward nuclear protein diffusion. Here, we review a suite of methods based on fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy (FFS) and how they have been employed to interrogate chromatin organization, as well as the impact this structural framework has on nuclear protein target search. From first focusing on a set of studies that apply FFS to an inert fluorescent tracer diffusing inside the nucleus of a living cell, we demonstrate the capacity of this technology to measure the accessibility of the nucleoplasm. Then with a baseline understanding of the exploration volume available to nuclear proteins during target search, we review direct applications of FFS to fluorescently labeled transcription factors (TFs). FFS can detect changes in TF mobility due to DNA binding, as well as the formation of TF complexes via changes in brightness due to oligomerization. Collectively, we find that FFS-based methods can uncover how nuclear proteins in general navigate the nuclear landscape.
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22
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Schmidt M, Schüler SC, Hüttner SS, von Eyss B, von Maltzahn J. Adult stem cells at work: regenerating skeletal muscle. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2559-2570. [PMID: 30976839 PMCID: PMC6586695 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration is a finely tuned process involving the activation of various cellular and molecular processes. Satellite cells, the stem cells of skeletal muscle, are indispensable for skeletal muscle regeneration. Their functionality is critically modulated by intrinsic signaling pathways as well as by interactions with the stem cell niche. Here, we discuss the properties of satellite cells, including heterogeneity regarding gene expression and/or their phenotypic traits and the contribution of satellite cells to skeletal muscle regeneration. We also summarize the process of regeneration with a specific emphasis on signaling pathways, cytoskeletal rearrangements, the importance of miRNAs, and the contribution of non-satellite cells such as immune cells, fibro-adipogenic progenitor cells, and PW1-positive/Pax7-negative interstitial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Schmidt
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Svenja C Schüler
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Sören S Hüttner
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Björn von Eyss
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Julia von Maltzahn
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745, Jena, Germany.
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23
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Irons L, Owen MR, O'Dea RD, Brook BS. Effect of Loading History on Airway Smooth Muscle Cell-Matrix Adhesions. Biophys J 2019; 114:2679-2690. [PMID: 29874617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin-mediated adhesions between airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) regulate how contractile forces generated within the cell are transmitted to its external environment. Environmental cues are known to influence the formation, size, and survival of cell-matrix adhesions, but it is not yet known how they are affected by dynamic fluctuations associated with tidal breathing in the intact airway. Here, we develop two closely related theoretical models to study adhesion dynamics in response to oscillatory loading of the ECM, representing the dynamic environment of ASM cells in vivo. Using a discrete stochastic-elastic model, we simulate individual integrin binding and rupture events and observe two stable regimes in which either bond formation or bond rupture dominate, depending on the amplitude of the oscillatory loading. These regimes have either a high or low fraction of persistent adhesions, which could affect the level of strain transmission between contracted ASM cells and the airway tissue. For intermediate loading, we observe a region of bistability and hysteresis due to shared loading between existing bonds; the level of adhesion depends on the loading history. These findings are replicated in a related continuum model, which we use to investigate the effect of perturbations mimicking deep inspirations (DIs). Because of the bistability, a DI applied to the high adhesion state could either induce a permanent switch to a lower adhesion state or allow a return of the system to the high adhesion state. Transitions between states are further influenced by the frequency of oscillations, cytoskeletal or ECM stiffnesses, and binding affinities, which modify the magnitudes of the stable adhesion states as well as the region of bistability. These findings could explain (in part) the transient bronchodilatory effect of a DI observed in asthmatics compared to a more sustained effect in normal subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Irons
- Centre for Mathematical Medicine and Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Markus R Owen
- Centre for Mathematical Medicine and Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Reuben D O'Dea
- Centre for Mathematical Medicine and Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Bindi S Brook
- Centre for Mathematical Medicine and Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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24
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Planes N, Digman MA, Vanderheyden PP, Gratton E, Caballero-George C. Number and brightness analysis to study spatio-temporal distribution of the angiotensin II AT1 and the endothelin-1 ETA receptors: Influence of ligand binding. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:917-924. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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25
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Lemke SB, Weidemann T, Cost AL, Grashoff C, Schnorrer F. A small proportion of Talin molecules transmit forces at developing muscle attachments in vivo. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000057. [PMID: 30917109 PMCID: PMC6453563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells in developing organisms are subjected to particular mechanical forces that shape tissues and instruct cell fate decisions. How these forces are sensed and transmitted at the molecular level is therefore an important question, one that has mainly been investigated in cultured cells in vitro. Here, we elucidate how mechanical forces are transmitted in an intact organism. We studied Drosophila muscle attachment sites, which experience high mechanical forces during development and require integrin-mediated adhesion for stable attachment to tendons. Therefore, we quantified molecular forces across the essential integrin-binding protein Talin, which links integrin to the actin cytoskeleton. Generating flies expressing 3 Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based Talin tension sensors reporting different force levels between 1 and 11 piconewton (pN) enabled us to quantify physiologically relevant molecular forces. By measuring primary Drosophila muscle cells, we demonstrate that Drosophila Talin experiences mechanical forces in cell culture that are similar to those previously reported for Talin in mammalian cell lines. However, in vivo force measurements at developing flight muscle attachment sites revealed that average forces across Talin are comparatively low and decrease even further while attachments mature and tissue-level tension remains high. Concomitantly, the Talin concentration at attachment sites increases 5-fold as quantified by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), suggesting that only a small proportion of Talin molecules are mechanically engaged at any given time. Reducing Talin levels at late stages of muscle development results in muscle–tendon rupture in the adult fly, likely as a result of active muscle contractions. We therefore propose that a large pool of adhesion molecules is required to share high tissue forces. As a result, less than 15% of the molecules experience detectable forces at developing muscle attachment sites at the same time. Our findings define an important new concept of how cells can adapt to changes in tissue mechanics to prevent mechanical failure in vivo. The protein Talin links the transmembrane cell adhesion molecule integrin to the actin cytoskeleton. Quantitative FRET-based force measurements across Talin in vivo reveal that only few Talin molecules are under force during the development of muscle attachment sites. Cells in our body are constantly exposed to mechanical forces, which they need to sense and react to. In previous studies, fluorescent force sensors were developed to demonstrate that individual proteins in adhesion structures of a cell experience forces in the piconewton (pN) range. However, these cells were analyzed in isolation in an artificial plastic or glass environment. Here, we explored forces on adhesion proteins in their natural environment within a developing animal and used the muscle–tendon tissue in the fruit fly Drosophila as a model system. We made genetically modified fly lines with force sensors or controls inserted into the gene that produces the essential adhesion protein Talin. Using these force sensor flies, we found that only a small proportion of all the Talin proteins (<15%) present at developing muscle–tendon attachments experience detectable forces at the same time. Nevertheless, a large amount of Talin is accumulated at these attachments during fly development. We found that this large Talin pool is important to prevent rupture of the muscle–tendon connection in adult flies that produce high muscle forces during flight. In conclusion, we demonstrated that a large pool of Talin proteins is required for stable muscle–tendon attachment, likely with the individual Talin molecules dynamically sharing the mechanical load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra B. Lemke
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- * E-mail: (FS); (CG); (SBL)
| | | | - Anna-Lena Cost
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- University of Münster, Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Münster, Germany
| | - Carsten Grashoff
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- University of Münster, Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Münster, Germany
- * E-mail: (FS); (CG); (SBL)
| | - Frank Schnorrer
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, Marseille, France
- * E-mail: (FS); (CG); (SBL)
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26
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Gandhi JG, Koch DL, Paszek MJ. Equilibrium Modeling of the Mechanics and Structure of the Cancer Glycocalyx. Biophys J 2019; 116:694-708. [PMID: 30736980 PMCID: PMC6382957 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycocalyx is a thick coat of proteins and carbohydrates on the outer surface of all eukaryotic cells. Overproduction of large, flexible or rod-like biopolymers, including hyaluronic acid and mucins, in the glycocalyx strongly correlates with the aggression of many cancer types. However, theoretical frameworks to predict the effects of these changes on cancer cell adhesion and other biophysical processes remain limited. Here, we propose a detailed modeling framework for the glycocalyx incorporating important physical effects of biopolymer flexibility, excluded volume, counterion mobility, and coupled membrane deformations. Because mucin and hyaluronic biopolymers are proposed to extend and rigidify depending on the extent of their decoration with side chains, we propose and consider two limiting cases for the structural elements of the glycocalyx: stiff beams and flexible chains. Simulations predict the mechanical response of the glycocalyx to compressive loads, which are imposed on cells residing in the highly confined spaces of the solid tumor or invaded tissues. Notably, the shape of the mechanical response transitions from hyperbolic to sigmoidal for more rod-like glycocalyx elements. These mechanical responses, along with the corresponding equilibrium protein organizations and membrane topographies, are summarized to aid in hypothesis generation and the evaluation of future experimental measurements. Overall, the modeling framework developed provides a theoretical basis for understanding the physical biology of the glycocalyx in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay G Gandhi
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Donald L Koch
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Matthew J Paszek
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
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27
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Andasari V, Lü D, Swat M, Feng S, Spill F, Chen L, Luo X, Zaman M, Long M. Computational model of wound healing: EGF secreted by fibroblasts promotes delayed re-epithelialization of epithelial keratinocytes. Integr Biol (Camb) 2018; 10:605-634. [PMID: 30206629 PMCID: PMC6571173 DOI: 10.1039/c8ib00048d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It is widely agreed that keratinocyte migration plays a crucial role in wound re-epithelialization. Defects in this function contribute to wound reoccurrence causing significant clinical problems. Several in vitro studies have shown that the speed of migrating keratinocytes can be regulated by epidermal growth factor (EGF) which affects keratinocyte's integrin expression. The relationship between integrin expression (through cell-matrix adhesion) stimulated by EGF and keratinocyte migration speed is not linear since increased adhesion, due to increased integrin expression, has been experimentally shown to slow down cell migration due to the biphasic dependence of cell speed on adhesion. In our previous work we showed that keratinocytes that were co-cultured with EGF-enhanced fibroblasts formed an asymmetric migration pattern, where, the cumulative distances of keratinocytes migrating toward fibroblasts were smaller than those migrating away from fibroblasts. This asymmetric pattern is thought to be provoked by high EGF concentration secreted by fibroblasts. The EGF stimulates the expression of integrin receptors on the surface of keratinocytes migrating toward fibroblasts via paracrine signaling. In this paper, we present a computational model of keratinocyte migration that is controlled by EGF secreted by fibroblasts using the Cellular Potts Model (CPM). Our computational simulation results confirm the asymmetric pattern observed in experiments. These results provide a deeper insight into our understanding of the complexity of keratinocyte migration in the presence of growth factor gradients and may explain re-epithelialization failure in impaired wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivi Andasari
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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28
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Galbraith CG, Davidson MW, Galbraith JA. Coupling integrin dynamics to cellular adhesion behaviors. Biol Open 2018; 7:7/8/bio036806. [PMID: 30111545 PMCID: PMC6124568 DOI: 10.1242/bio.036806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Visualizing fluorescent proteins is essential for understanding cellular function. While advances in microscopy can now resolve individual molecules, determining whether the labeled molecules report native behaviors and how the measured behaviors can be coupled to cellular outputs remains challenging. Here, we used integrin alpha-beta heterodimers - which connect extracellular matrix (ECM) and the cytoskeleton - to quantify the mobility and conformation of labeled integrins. We found that while unlabeled and labeled integrins all localized to adhesions and support anchorage-dependent cell function, integrin mobility decreased when the beta rather than the alpha subunit was labeled. In contrast to unlabeled and alpha labeled subunits, beta labeled subunits changed cellular behavior; decreasing protrusive activity and increasing adhesion size and the extent of cell spreading. Labeling the beta subunit changed the integrin conformation, extending the molecule and exposing an epitope that is revealed by activation with Mn2+ treatment. Our findings indicate labeling induced changes in dynamic integrin behavior alter molecular conformation as well as cellular adhesion-dependent function to demonstrate a coupling between molecular inputs and distinct cellular outputs.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine G Galbraith
- Oregon Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Michael W Davidson
- National High Magnet Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - James A Galbraith
- Oregon Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
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29
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Inoue Y, Onodera Y, Ishihara K. Initial Cell Adhesion onto a Phospholipid Polymer Brush Surface Modified with a Terminal Cell Adhesion Peptide. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:15250-15257. [PMID: 29652126 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic changes in the properties of adsorbed protein layers at material surfaces make it difficult to analyze a cell adhesion behavior. Adhesion is affected by the ligand molecules in the adsorbed protein layers on the material's surface. This study aimed to quantitatively analyze the initial cell adhesion onto a polymeric surface modified with immobilized cell adhesion molecules with a well-defined structure. Peptides containing an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sequence were introduced at almost all the termini of the grafted poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) [poly(MPC)] chains using a click reaction at a highly protein-resistant poly(MPC) brush layer. Thus, the surface could bind to the cell membrane proteins only through the immobilized RGD. Furthermore, the degree of polymerization of the grafted poly(MPC) chains could control the hydrated poly(MPC) brush layer softness, as determined by measuring the dissipation energy loss using a quartz crystal microbalance. At the initial stage of cell adhesion, the density of cells adhering to the RGD-immobilized poly(MPC) brush layers did not depend on the poly(MPC) brush layer softness. However, spreading of the adherent cells was inhibited on the RGD-immobilized poly(MPC) brush layers with a higher softness. Hence, the results suggested that the layer softness did not affect the binding number between the RGD and cell membrane protein during initial cell adhesion; however, the intracellular signaling triggered by the RGD-receptor interaction was inhibited. The poly(MPC) brush surface carrying immobilized cell adhesion molecules has the potential to analyze precisely the effect of the properties of cell adhesion molecules on initial cell adhesion.
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30
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Pandžić E, Abu-Arish A, Whan RM, Hanrahan JW, Wiseman PW. Velocity landscape correlation resolves multiple flowing protein populations from fluorescence image time series. Methods 2018; 140-141:126-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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31
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Schrimpf W, Lemmens V, Smisdom N, Ameloot M, Lamb DC, Hendrix J. Crosstalk-free multicolor RICS using spectral weighting. Methods 2018; 140-141:97-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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32
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Fourcade B. Fluctuation correlation models for receptor immobilization. Phys Rev E 2017; 96:062403. [PMID: 29347430 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.062403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale dynamics with cycles of receptor diffusion and immobilization by cell-external-or-internal factors is a key process in living cell adhesion phenomena at the origin of a plethora of signal transduction pathways. Motivated by modern correlation microscopy approaches, the receptor correlation functions in physical models based on diffusion-influenced reaction is studied. Using analytical and stochastic modeling, this paper focuses on the hybrid regime where diffusion and reaction are not truly separable. The time receptor autocorrelation functions are shown to be indexed by different time scales and their asymptotic expansions are given. Stochastic simulations show that this analysis can be extended to situations with a small number of molecules. It is also demonstrated that this analysis applies when receptor immobilization is coupled to environmental noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fourcade
- Laboratoire Interdiscipinaire de Physique, UMR-CNRS 5588, Université Grenoble Alpes and Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM U1209-CNRS 5309, Grenoble, France
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33
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Kim DH, Paudel P, Yu T, Ngo TM, Kim JA, Jung HA, Yokozawa T, Choi JS. Characterization of the inhibitory activity of natural tanshinones from Salvia miltiorrhiza roots on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 278:65-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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34
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Zhou L, Zhang C, Zhang F, Lü S, Sun S, Lü D, Long M. Theoretical modeling of mechanical homeostasis of a mammalian cell under gravity-directed vector. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2017; 17:191-203. [PMID: 28819695 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-017-0954-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Translocation of dense nucleus along gravity vector initiates mechanical remodeling of a eukaryotic cell. In our previous experiments, we quantified the impact of gravity vector on cell remodeling by placing an MC3T3-E1 cell onto upward (U)-, downward (D)-, or edge-on (E)- orientated substrate. Our experimental data demonstrate that orientation dependence of nucleus longitudinal translocation is positively correlated with cytoskeletal (CSK) remodeling of their expressions and structures and also is associated with rearrangement of focal adhesion complex (FAC). However, the underlying mechanism how CSK network and FACs are reorganized in a mammalian cell remains unclear. In this paper, we developed a theoretical biomechanical model to integrate the mechanosensing of nucleus translocation with CSK remodeling and FAC reorganization induced by a gravity vector. The cell was simplified as a nucleated tensegrity structure in the model. The cell and CSK filaments were considered to be symmetrical. All elements of CSK filaments and cytomembrane that support the nucleus were simplified as springs. FACs were simplified as an adhesion cluster of parallel bonds with shared force. Our model proposed that gravity vector-directed translocation of the cell nucleus is mechanically balanced by CSK remodeling and FAC reorganization induced by a gravitational force. Under gravity, dense nucleus tends to translocate and exert additional compressive or stretching force on the cytoskeleton. Finally, changes of the tension force acting on talin by microfilament alter the size of FACs. Results from our model are in qualitative agreement with those from experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lüwen Zhou
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shouqin Lü
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shujin Sun
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyuan Lü
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mian Long
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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35
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Hendrix J, Dekens T, Schrimpf W, Lamb DC. Arbitrary-Region Raster Image Correlation Spectroscopy. Biophys J 2017; 111:1785-1796. [PMID: 27760364 PMCID: PMC5073057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Combining imaging with correlation spectroscopy, as in raster image correlation spectroscopy (RICS), makes it possible to extract molecular translational diffusion constants and absolute concentrations, and determine intermolecular interactions from single-channel or multicolor confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM) images. Region-specific RICS analysis remains very challenging because correlations are always calculated in a square region-of-interest (ROI). In this study, we describe a generalized image correlation spectroscopy algorithm that accepts arbitrarily shaped ROIs. We show that an image series can be cleaned up before arbitrary-region RICS (ARICS) analysis. We demonstrate the power of ARICS by simultaneously measuring molecular mobility in the cell membrane and the cytosol. Mobility near dynamic subcellular structures can be investigated with ARICS by generating a dynamic ROI. Finally, we derive diffusion and concentration pseudo-maps using the ARICS method. ARICS is a powerful expansion of image correlation spectroscopy with the potential of becoming the new standard for extracting biophysical parameters from confocal fluorescence images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle Hendrix
- Laboratory for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Tomas Dekens
- Department of ETRO, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; iMinds vzw, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Waldemar Schrimpf
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Don C Lamb
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
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36
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Shen H, Tauzin LJ, Baiyasi R, Wang W, Moringo N, Shuang B, Landes CF. Single Particle Tracking: From Theory to Biophysical Applications. Chem Rev 2017; 117:7331-7376. [PMID: 28520419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
After three decades of developments, single particle tracking (SPT) has become a powerful tool to interrogate dynamics in a range of materials including live cells and novel catalytic supports because of its ability to reveal dynamics in the structure-function relationships underlying the heterogeneous nature of such systems. In this review, we summarize the algorithms behind, and practical applications of, SPT. We first cover the theoretical background including particle identification, localization, and trajectory reconstruction. General instrumentation and recent developments to achieve two- and three-dimensional subdiffraction localization and SPT are discussed. We then highlight some applications of SPT to study various biological and synthetic materials systems. Finally, we provide our perspective regarding several directions for future advancements in the theory and application of SPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Shen
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, §Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Lawrence J Tauzin
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, §Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Rashad Baiyasi
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, §Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Wenxiao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, §Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Nicholas Moringo
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, §Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Bo Shuang
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, §Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Christy F Landes
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, §Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77251, United States
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37
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Giverso C, Arduino A, Preziosi L. How Nucleus Mechanics and ECM Microstructure Influence the Invasion of Single Cells and Multicellular Aggregates. Bull Math Biol 2017; 80:1017-1045. [PMID: 28409417 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-017-0262-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to move in a three-dimensional extracellular matrix, the nucleus of a cell must squeeze through the narrow spacing among the fibers and, by adhering to them, the cell needs to exert sufficiently strong traction forces. If the nucleus is too stiff, the spacing too narrow, or traction forces too weak, the cell is not able to penetrate the network. In this article, we formulate a mathematical model based on an energetic approach, for cells entering cylindrical channels composed of extracellular matrix fibers. Treating the nucleus as an elastic body covered by an elastic membrane, the energetic balance leads to the definition of a necessary criterion for cells to pass through the regular network of fibers, depending on the traction forces exerted by the cells (or possibly passive stresses), the stretchability of the nuclear membrane, the stiffness of the nucleus, and the ratio of the pore size within the extracellular matrix with respect to the nucleus diameter. The results obtained highlight the importance of the interplay between mechanical properties of the cell and microscopic geometric characteristics of the extracellular matrix and give an estimate for a critical value of the pore size that represents the physical limit of migration and can be used in tumor growth models to predict their invasive potential in thick regions of ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giverso
- Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica "F. Severi", Città Universitaria, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Arduino
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135, Turin, Italy
| | - Luigi Preziosi
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy
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38
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Levine RM, Kokkoli E. Dual-ligand α5β1 and α6β4 integrin targeting enhances gene delivery and selectivity to cancer cells. J Control Release 2017; 251:24-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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39
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3D Time-lapse Imaging and Quantification of Mitochondrial Dynamics. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43275. [PMID: 28230188 PMCID: PMC5322395 DOI: 10.1038/srep43275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a 3D time-lapse imaging method for monitoring mitochondrial dynamics in living HeLa cells based on photothermal optical coherence microscopy and using novel surface functionalization of gold nanoparticles. The biocompatible protein-based biopolymer coating contains multiple functional groups which impart better cellular uptake and mitochondria targeting efficiency. The high stability of the gold nanoparticles allows continuous imaging over an extended time up to 3000 seconds without significant cell damage. By combining temporal autocorrelation analysis with a classical diffusion model, we quantify mitochondrial dynamics and cast these results into 3D maps showing the heterogeneity of diffusion parameters across the whole cell volume.
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40
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Gopal AA, Rappaz B, Rouger V, Martyn IB, Dahlberg PD, Meland RJ, Beamish IV, Kennedy TE, Wiseman PW. Netrin-1-Regulated Distribution of UNC5B and DCC in Live Cells Revealed by TICCS. Biophys J 2017; 110:623-634. [PMID: 26840727 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Netrins are secreted proteins that direct cell migration and adhesion during development. Netrin-1 binds its receptors deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) and the UNC5 homologs (UNC5A-D) to activate downstream signaling that ultimately directs cytoskeletal reorganization. To investigate how netrin-1 regulates the dynamic distribution of DCC and UNC5 homologs, we applied fluorescence confocal and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, and sliding window temporal image cross correlation spectroscopy, to measure time profiles of the plasma membrane distribution, aggregation state, and interaction fractions of fluorescently tagged netrin receptors expressed in HEK293T cells. Our measurements reveal changes in receptor aggregation that are consistent with netrin-1-induced recruitment of DCC-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) from intracellular vesicles to the plasma membrane. Netrin-1 also induced colocalization of coexpressed full-length DCC-EGFP with DCC-T-mCherry, a putative DCC dominant negative that replaces the DCC intracellular domain with mCherry, consistent with netrin-1-induced receptor oligomerization, but with no change in aggregation state with time, providing evidence that signaling via the DCC intracellular domain triggers DCC recruitment to the plasma membrane. UNC5B expressed alone was also recruited by netrin-1 to the plasma membrane. Coexpressed DCC and UNC5 homologs are proposed to form a heteromeric netrin-receptor complex to mediate a chemorepellent response. Application of temporal image cross correlation spectroscopy to image series of cells coexpressing UNC5B-mCherry and DCC-EGFP revealed a netrin-1-induced increase in colocalization, with both receptors recruited to the plasma membrane from preexisting clusters, consistent with vesicular recruitment and receptor heterooligomerization. Plasma membrane recruitment of DCC or UNC5B was blocked by application of the netrin-1 VI-V peptide, which fails to activate chemoattraction, or by pharmacological block of Src family kinase signaling, consistent with receptor recruitment requiring netrin-1-activated signaling. Our findings reveal a mechanism activated by netrin-1 that recruits DCC and UNC5B to the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica A Gopal
- Department of Chemistry, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill Program in Neuroengineering, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benjamin Rappaz
- McGill Program in Neuroengineering, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Physics, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent Rouger
- Department of Chemistry, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Iain B Martyn
- Department of Physics, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter D Dahlberg
- Department of Physics, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rachel J Meland
- Department of Chemistry, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ian V Beamish
- McGill Program in Neuroengineering, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- McGill Program in Neuroengineering, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paul W Wiseman
- Department of Chemistry, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill Program in Neuroengineering, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Physics, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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41
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Changede R, Sheetz M. Integrin and cadherin clusters: A robust way to organize adhesions for cell mechanics. Bioessays 2016; 39:1-12. [PMID: 27930828 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201600123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies at the nanometer scale have revealed that relatively uniform clusters of adhesion proteins (50-100 nm) constitute the modular units of cell adhesion sites in both cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesions. Super resolution microscopy and membrane protein diffusion studies both suggest that even large focal adhesions are formed of 100 nm clusters that are loosely aggregated. Clusters of 20-50 adhesion molecules (integrins or cadherins) can support large forces through avidity binding interactions but can also be disassembled or endocytosed rapidly. Assembly of the clusters of integrins is force-independent and involves gathering integrins at ligand binding sites where they are stabilized by cytoplasmic adhesion proteins that crosslink the integrin cytoplasmic tails plus connect the clusters to the cell cytoskeleton. Cooperative-signaling events can occur in a single cluster without cascading to other clusters. Thus, the clusters appear to be very important elements in many cellular processes and can be considered as a critical functional module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishita Changede
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Sheetz
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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42
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González Bardeci N, Angiolini JF, De Rossi MC, Bruno L, Levi V. Dynamics of intracellular processes in live-cell systems unveiled by fluorescence correlation microscopy. IUBMB Life 2016; 69:8-15. [PMID: 27896901 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence fluctuation-based methods are non-invasive microscopy tools especially suited for the study of dynamical aspects of biological processes. These methods examine spontaneous intensity fluctuations produced by fluorescent molecules moving through the small, femtoliter-sized observation volume defined in confocal and multiphoton microscopes. The quantitative analysis of the intensity trace provides information on the processes producing the fluctuations that include diffusion, binding interactions, chemical reactions and photophysical phenomena. In this review, we present the basic principles of the most widespread fluctuation-based methods, discuss their implementation in standard confocal microscopes and briefly revise some examples of their applications to address relevant questions in living cells. The ultimate goal of these methods in the Cell Biology field is to observe biomolecules as they move, interact with targets and perform their biological action in the natural context. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 69(1):8-15, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás González Bardeci
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, IQUIBICEN, UBA-CONICET
| | - Juan Francisco Angiolini
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, IQUIBICEN, UBA-CONICET
| | - María Cecilia De Rossi
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, IQUIBICEN, UBA-CONICET
| | | | - Valeria Levi
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, IQUIBICEN, UBA-CONICET
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43
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An Intermittent Model for Intracellular Motions of Gold Nanostars by k-Space Scattering Image Correlation. Biophys J 2016; 109:2246-58. [PMID: 26636936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anisotropic metallic nanoparticles have been devised as powerful potential tools for in vivo imaging, photothermal therapy, and drug delivery thanks to plasmon-enhanced absorption and scattering cross sections, ease in synthesis and functionalization, and controlled cytotoxicity. The rational design of all these applications requires the characterization of the nanoparticles intracellular trafficking pathways. In this work, we exploit live-cell time-lapse confocal reflectance microscopy and image correlation in both direct and reciprocal space to investigate the intracellular transport of branched gold nanostars (GNSs). Different transport mechanisms, spanning from pure Brownian diffusion to (sub-)ballistic superdiffusion, are revealed by temporal and spatio-temporal image correlation spectroscopy on the tens-of-seconds timescale. According to these findings, combined with numerical simulations and with a Bayesian (hidden Markov model-based) analysis of single particle tracking data, we ascribe the superdiffusive, subballistic behavior characterizing the GNSs dynamics to a two-state switching between Brownian diffusion in the cytoplasm and molecular motor-mediated active transport. For the investigation of intermittent-type transport phenomena, we derive an analytical theoretical framework for Fourier-space image correlation spectroscopy (kICS). At first, we evaluate the influence of all the dynamic and kinetic parameters (the diffusion coefficient, the drift velocity, and the transition rates between the diffusive and the active transport regimes) on simulated kICS correlation functions. Then we outline a protocol for data analysis and employ it to derive whole-cell maps for each parameter underlying the GNSs intracellular dynamics. Capable of identifying even simpler transport phenomena, whether purely diffusive or ballistic, our intermittent kICS approach allows an exhaustive investigation of the dynamics of GNSs and biological macromolecules.
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Rossier O, Giannone G. The journey of integrins and partners in a complex interactions landscape studied by super-resolution microscopy and single protein tracking. Exp Cell Res 2016; 343:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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45
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Fiore VF, Strane PW, Bryksin AV, White ES, Hagood JS, Barker TH. Conformational coupling of integrin and Thy-1 regulates Fyn priming and fibroblast mechanotransduction. J Cell Biol 2016; 211:173-90. [PMID: 26459603 PMCID: PMC4602038 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201505007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lateral associations between inactive αv integrin and Thy-1 glycoprotein control integrin avidity to extracellular matrix ligand, the localization and kinetics of downstream signal activity, and mechanosensitive remodeling of the cytoskeleton. Progressive fibrosis is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), resulting in gross alterations in tissue mechanics. Changes in tissue mechanics can further augment scar deposition through fibroblast mechanotransduction. In idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a fatal form of progressive lung fibrosis, previous work has shown that loss of Thy-1 (CD90) expression in fibroblasts correlates with regions of active fibrogenesis, thus representing a pathologically relevant fibroblast subpopulation. We now show that Thy-1 is a regulator of fibroblast rigidity sensing. Thy-1 physically couples to inactive αvβ3 integrins via its RGD-like motif, altering baseline integrin avidity to ECM ligands and also facilitating preadhesion clustering of integrin and membrane rafts via Thy-1’s glycophosphatidylinositol tether. Disruption of Thy-1–αvβ3 coupling altered recruitment of Src family kinases to adhesion complexes and impaired mechanosensitive, force-induced Rho signaling, and rigidity sensing. Loss of Thy-1 was sufficient to induce myofibroblast differentiation in soft ECMs and may represent a physiological mechanism important in wound healing and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent F Fiore
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Patrick W Strane
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Anton V Bryksin
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Eric S White
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - James S Hagood
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92105
| | - Thomas H Barker
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
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46
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Galior K, Liu Y, Yehl K, Vivek S, Salaita K. Titin-Based Nanoparticle Tension Sensors Map High-Magnitude Integrin Forces within Focal Adhesions. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:341-8. [PMID: 26598972 PMCID: PMC5592801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical forces transmitted through integrin transmembrane receptors play important roles in a variety of cellular processes ranging from cell development to tumorigenesis. Despite the importance of mechanics in integrin function, the magnitude of integrin forces within adhesions remains unclear. Literature suggests a range from 1 to 50 pN, but the upper limit of integrin forces remains unknown. Herein we challenge integrins with the most mechanically stable molecular tension probe, which is comprised of the immunoglobulin 27th (I27) domain of cardiac titin flanked with a fluorophore and gold nanoparticle. Cell experiments show that integrin forces unfold the I27 domain, suggesting that integrin forces exceed ∼30-40 pN. The addition of a disulfide bridge within I27 "clamps" the probe and resists mechanical unfolding. Importantly, incubation with a reducing agent initiates SH exchange, thus unclamping I27 at a rate that is dependent on the applied force. By recording the rate of S-S reduction in clamped I27, we infer that integrins apply 110 ± 9 pN within focal adhesions of rat embryonic fibroblasts. The rates of S-S exchange are heterogeneous and integrin subtype-dependent. Nanoparticle titin tension sensors along with kinetic analysis of unfolding demonstrate that a subset of integrins apply tension many fold greater than previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornelia Galior
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kevin Yehl
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Skanda Vivek
- Department of Physics, Emory University, 400 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Khalid Salaita
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Cell sensing of physical properties at the nanoscale: Mechanisms and control of cell adhesion and phenotype. Acta Biomater 2016; 30:26-48. [PMID: 26596568 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry, geometry, topography and mechanical properties of biomaterials modulate biochemical signals (in particular ligand-receptor binding events) that control cells-matrix interactions. In turn, the regulation of cell adhesion by the biochemical and physical properties of the matrix controls cell phenotypes such as proliferation, motility and differentiation. In particular, nanoscale geometrical, topographical and mechanical properties of biomaterials are essential to achieve control of the cell-biomaterials interface. The design of such nanoscale architectures and platforms requires understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying adhesion formation and the assembly of the actin cytoskeleton. This review presents some of the important molecular mechanisms underlying cell adhesion to biomaterials mediated by integrins and discusses the nanoscale engineered platforms used to control these processes. Such nanoscale understanding of the cell-biomaterials interface offers exciting opportunities for the design of biomaterials and their application to the field of tissue engineering. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Biomaterials design is important in the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, in particular to allow the long term expansion of stem cells and the engineering of scaffolds for tissue regeneration. Cell adhesion to biomaterials often plays a central role in regulating cell phenotype. It is emerging that physical properties of biomaterials, and more generally the microenvironment, regulate such behaviour. In particular, cells respond to nanoscale physical properties of their matrix. Understanding how such nanoscale physical properties control cell adhesion is therefore essential for biomaterials design. To this aim, a deeper understanding of molecular processes controlling cell adhesion, but also a greater control of matrix engineering is required. Such multidisciplinary approaches shed light on some of the fundamental mechanisms via which cell adhesions sense their nanoscale physical environment.
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48
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Changede R, Xu X, Margadant F, Sheetz MP. Nascent Integrin Adhesions Form on All Matrix Rigidities after Integrin Activation. Dev Cell 2015; 35:614-621. [PMID: 26625956 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Integrin adhesions assemble and mature in response to ligand binding and mechanical factors, but the molecular-level organization is not known. We report that ∼100-nm clusters of ∼50 β3-activated integrins form very early adhesions under a wide variety of conditions on RGD surfaces. These adhesions form similarly on fluid and rigid substrates, but most adhesions are transient on rigid substrates. Without talin or actin polymerization, few early adhesions form, but expression of either the talin head or rod domain in talin-depleted cells restores early adhesion formation. Mutation of the integrin binding site in the talin rod decreases cluster size. We suggest that the integrin clusters constitute universal early adhesions and that they are the modular units of cell matrix adhesions. They require the association of activated integrins with cytoplasmic proteins, in particular talin and actin, and cytoskeletal contraction on them causes adhesion maturation for cell motility and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishita Changede
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| | - Xiaochun Xu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| | - Felix Margadant
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| | - Michael P Sheetz
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411; Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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49
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Hendrix J, Baumgärtel V, Schrimpf W, Ivanchenko S, Digman MA, Gratton E, Kräusslich HG, Müller B, Lamb DC. Live-cell observation of cytosolic HIV-1 assembly onset reveals RNA-interacting Gag oligomers. J Cell Biol 2015; 210:629-46. [PMID: 26283800 PMCID: PMC4539982 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201504006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of the cytosolic HIV-1 Gag fraction in live cells via advanced fluctuation imaging methods reveals potential nucleation steps before membrane-assisted Gag assembly. Assembly of the Gag polyprotein into new viral particles in infected cells is a crucial step in the retroviral replication cycle. Currently, little is known about the onset of assembly in the cytosol. In this paper, we analyzed the cytosolic HIV-1 Gag fraction in real time in live cells using advanced fluctuation imaging methods and thereby provide detailed insights into the complex relationship between cytosolic Gag mobility, stoichiometry, and interactions. We show that Gag diffuses as a monomer on the subsecond timescale with severely reduced mobility. Reduction of mobility is associated with basic residues in its nucleocapsid (NC) domain, whereas capsid (CA) and matrix (MA) domains do not contribute significantly. Strikingly, another diffusive Gag species was observed on the seconds timescale that oligomerized in a concentration-dependent manner. Both NC- and CA-mediated interactions strongly assist this process. Our results reveal potential nucleation steps of cytosolic Gag fractions before membrane-assisted Gag assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle Hendrix
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany NanoSystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CiPSM), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Viola Baumgärtel
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany NanoSystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CiPSM), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Waldemar Schrimpf
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany NanoSystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CiPSM), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sergey Ivanchenko
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany NanoSystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CiPSM), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Michelle A Digman
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 Development Biology Center Optical Biology Core Facility, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Enrico Gratton
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 Development Biology Center Optical Biology Core Facility, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Hans-Georg Kräusslich
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Müller
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Don C Lamb
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany NanoSystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CiPSM), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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50
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Penjweini R, Deville S, D'Olieslaeger L, Berden M, Ameloot M, Ethirajan A. Intracellular localization and dynamics of Hypericin loaded PLLA nanocarriers by image correlation spectroscopy. J Control Release 2015; 218:82-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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