51
|
Pivot X, Pegram M, Cortes J, Lüftner D, Lyman GH, Curigliano G, Bondarenko I, Yoon YC, Kim Y, Kim C. Three-year follow-up from a phase 3 study of SB3 (a trastuzumab biosimilar) versus reference trastuzumab in the neoadjuvant setting for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 2019; 120:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
52
|
The Hexavalent CD40 Agonist HERA-CD40L Induces T-Cell-mediated Antitumor Immune Response Through Activation of Antigen-presenting Cells. J Immunother 2019; 41:385-398. [PMID: 30273198 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CD40 ligand (TNFSF5/CD154/CD40L), a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily is a key regulator of the immune system. The cognate receptor CD40 (TNFRSF5) is expressed broadly on antigen-presenting cells and many tumor types, and has emerged as an attractive target for immunologic cancer treatment. Most of the CD40 targeting drugs in clinical development are antibodies which display some disadvantages: their activity typically depends on Fcγ receptor-mediated crosslinking, and depletion of CD40-expressing immune cells by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity compromises an efficient antitumor response. To overcome the inadequacies of antibodies, we have developed the hexavalent receptor agonist (HERA) Technology. HERA compounds are fusion proteins composed of 3 receptor binding domains in a single chain arrangement, linked to an Fc-silenced human IgG1 thereby generating a hexavalent molecule. HERA-CD40L provides efficient receptor agonism on CD40-expressing cells and, importantly, does not require FcγR-mediated crosslinking. Strong activation of NFκB signaling was observed upon treatment of B cells with HERA-CD40L. Monocyte treatment with HERA-CD40L promoted differentiation towards the M1 spectrum and repolarization of M2 spectrum macrophages towards the M1 spectrum phenotype. Treatment of in vitro co-cultures of T and B cells with HERA-CD40L-triggered robust antitumor activation of T cells, which depended upon direct interaction with B cells. In contrast, bivalent anti-CD40 antibodies and trivalent soluble CD40L displayed weak activity which critically depended on crosslinking. In vivo, a murine surrogate of HERA-CD40L-stimulated clonal expansion of OT-I-specific murine CD8 T cells and showed single agent antitumor activity in the CD40 syngeneic MC38-CEA mouse model of colorectal cancer, suggesting an involvement of the immune system in controlling tumor growth. We conclude that HERA-CD40L is able to establish robust antitumor immune responses both in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
|
53
|
Richards DM, Sefrin JP, Gieffers C, Hill O, Merz C. Concepts for agonistic targeting of CD40 in immuno-oncology. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 16:377-387. [PMID: 31403344 PMCID: PMC7062441 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1653744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
TNF Receptor Superfamily (TNF-R-SF) signaling is a structurally well-defined event that requires proper receptor clustering and trimerization. While the TNF-SF ligands naturally exist as trivalent functional units, the receptors are usually separated on the cell surface. Critically, receptor assembly into functional trimeric signaling complexes occurs through binding of the natural ligand unit. TNF-R-SF members, including CD40, have been key immunotherapeutic targets for over 20 years. CD40, expressed by antigen-presenting cells, endothelial cells, and many tumors, plays a fundamental role in connecting innate and adaptive immunity. The multiple investigated strategies to induce CD40 signaling can be broadly grouped into antibody-based or CD40L-based approaches. Currently, seven different antibodies and one CD40L-based hexavalent fusion protein are in active clinical trials. In this review, we describe the biology and structural properties of CD40, requirements for agonistic signal transduction through CD40 and summarize current attempts to exploit the CD40 signaling pathway for the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Oliver Hill
- Research and Development, Apogenix AG, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Merz
- Research and Development, Apogenix AG, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Xu W, Zhang X, Hu X, Zhiyi C, Huang P. Translational Prospects of ultrasound-mediated tumor immunotherapy: Preclinical advances and safety considerations. Cancer Lett 2019; 460:86-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
55
|
Molecular Mechanisms of Antitumor Activity of PAMAM Dendrimer Conjugates with Anticancer Drugs and a Monoclonal Antibody. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11091422. [PMID: 31470686 PMCID: PMC6780640 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxanes are considered fundamental drugs in the treatment of breast cancer, but despite the similarities, docetaxel (doc) and paclitaxel (ptx) work differently. For this reason, it is interesting to identify mechanisms of antitumor activity of PAMAM dendrimer conjugates that carry docetaxel or paclitaxel and monoclonal antibody trastuzumab, specifically targeted to cells which overexpressed HER-2. For this purpose, the impact on the level of reactive oxygen species, the mitochondrial membrane potential, cell cycle distribution and the activity of caspases-3/7, -8 and -9 of PAMAM-doc-trastuzumab and PAMAM-ptx-trastuzumab conjugates was determined and compared with free docetaxel and paclitaxel toward HER-2-positive (SKBR-3) and negative (MCF-7) human breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, apoptosis and necrosis were studied using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, respectively. Our studies show the complexity of the potential mechanism of cytotoxic action of PAMAM-drug-trastuzumab conjugates that should be sought as a resultant of oxidative stress, mitochondrial activation of the caspase cascade and the HER-2 receptor blockade.
Collapse
|
56
|
Wettersten HI, Weis SM, Pathria P, Von Schalscha T, Minami T, Varner JA, Cheresh DA. Arming Tumor-Associated Macrophages to Reverse Epithelial Cancer Progression. Cancer Res 2019; 79:5048-5059. [PMID: 31416839 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are highly expressed within the tumor microenvironment of a wide range of cancers, where they exert a protumor phenotype by promoting tumor cell growth and suppressing antitumor immune function. Here, we show that TAM accumulation in human and mouse tumors correlates with tumor cell expression of integrin αvβ3, a known driver of epithelial cancer progression and drug resistance. A monoclonal antibody targeting αvβ3 (LM609) exploited the coenrichment of αvβ3 and TAMs to not only eradicate highly aggressive drug-resistant human lung and pancreas cancers in mice, but also to prevent the emergence of circulating tumor cells. Importantly, this antitumor activity in mice was eliminated following macrophage depletion. Although LM609 had no direct effect on tumor cell viability, it engaged macrophages but not natural killer (NK) cells to induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of αvβ3-expressing tumor cells despite their expression of the CD47 "don't eat me" signal. In contrast to strategies designed to eliminate TAMs, these findings suggest that anti-αvβ3 represents a promising immunotherapeutic approach to redirect TAMs to serve as tumor killers for late-stage or drug-resistant cancers. SIGNIFICANCE: Therapeutic antibodies are commonly engineered to optimize engagement of NK cells as effectors. In contrast, LM609 targets αvβ3 to suppress tumor progression and enhance drug sensitivity by exploiting TAMs to trigger ADCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi I Wettersten
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Sara M Weis
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Paulina Pathria
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Tami Von Schalscha
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Toshiyuki Minami
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Judith A Varner
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - David A Cheresh
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California. .,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Criscitiello C, Curigliano G. Treatment in real-life patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer: What we learn from the KAMILLA trial? Eur J Cancer 2019; 117:1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2019.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
58
|
Subramanian J, Katta A, Masood A, Vudem DR, Kancha RK. Emergence of ERBB2 Mutation as a Biomarker and an Actionable Target in Solid Cancers. Oncologist 2019; 24:e1303-e1314. [PMID: 31292270 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2018-0845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic role ERBB2 amplification is well established in breast and gastric cancers. This has led to the development of a well-known portfolio of monoclonal antibodies and kinase inhibitors targeting the ERBB2 kinase. More recently, activating mutations in the ERBB2 gene have been increasingly reported in multiple solid cancers and were shown to play an oncogenic role similar to that of ERBB2 amplification. Thus, ERBB2 mutations define a distinct molecular subtype of solid tumors and serve as actionable targets. However, efforts to target ERBB2 mutation has met with limited clinical success, possibly because of their low frequency, inadequate understanding of the biological activity of these mutations, and difficulty in separating the drivers from the passenger mutations. Given the current impetus to deliver molecularly targeted treatments for cancer, there is an important need to understand the therapeutic potential of ERBB2 mutations. Here we review the distribution of ERBB2 mutations in different tumor types, their potential as a novel biomarker that defines new subsets in many cancers, and current data on preclinical and clinical efforts to target these mutations. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: A current trend in oncology is to identify novel genomic drivers of solid tumors and developing precision treatments that target them. ERBB2 amplification is an established therapeutic target in breast and gastric cancers, but efforts to translate this finding to other solid tumors with ERBB2 amplification have not been effective. Recently the focus has turned to targeting activating ERBB2 mutations. The year 2018 marked an important milestone in establishing ERBB2 mutation as an important actionable target in multiple cancer types. There have been several recent preclinical and clinical studies evaluating ERBB2 mutation as a therapeutic target with varying success. With increasing access to next-generation sequencing technologies in the clinic, oncologists are frequently identifying activating ERBB2 mutations in patients with cancer. There is a significant need both from the clinician and bench scientist perspectives to understand the current state of affairs for ERBB2 mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janakiraman Subramanian
- Division of Oncology, Saint Luke's Cancer Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- Center for Precision Oncology, Saint Luke's Cancer Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Archana Katta
- Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ashiq Masood
- Division of Oncology, Saint Luke's Cancer Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- Center for Precision Oncology, Saint Luke's Cancer Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Dashavantha Reddy Vudem
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rama Krishna Kancha
- Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Yuan Y, Zong H, Bai J, Han L, Wang L, Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhang J, Xu C, Zhu J, Zhang B. Bioprocess development of a stable FUT8 -/--CHO cell line to produce defucosylated anti-HER2 antibody. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 42:1263-1271. [PMID: 30982137 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, an increasing number of defucosylated therapeutic antibodies have been applied in clinical practices due to their better efficacy compared to fucosylated counterparts. The establishment of stable and clonal manufacturing cell lines is the basis of therapeutic antibodies production. Bioprocess development of a new cell line is necessary for its future applications in the biopharmaceutical industry. We engineered a stable cell line expressing defucosylated anti-HER2 antibody based on an established α-1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) gene knockout CHO-S cell line. The optimization of medium and feed was evaluated in a small-scale culture system. Then the optimal medium and feed were scaled up in a bioreactor system. After fed-batch culture over 13 days, we evaluated the cell growth, antibody yield, glycan compositions and bioactivities. The production of anti-HER2 antibody from the FUT8 gene knockout CHO-S cells in the bioreactor increased by 37% compared to the shake flask system. The N-glycan profile of the produced antibody was consistent between the bioreactor and shake flask system. The antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity of the defucosylated antibody increased 14-fold compared to the wild-type antibody, which was the same as our previous results. The results of our bioprocess development demonstrated that the engineered cell line could be developed to a biopharmaceutical industrial cell line.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Zong
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Bai
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Han
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshuai Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxiao Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.,Jecho Laboratories, Inc., 7320 Executive Way, Frederick, MD, 21704, USA
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Nami B, Maadi H, Wang Z. The Effects of Pertuzumab and Its Combination with Trastuzumab on HER2 Homodimerization and Phosphorylation. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030375. [PMID: 30884851 PMCID: PMC6468664 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pertuzumab (Perjeta) is an anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody that is used for treatment of HER2-positive breast cancers in combination with trastuzumab (Herceptin) and docetaxel and showed promising clinical outcomes. Pertuzumab is suggested to block heterodimerization of HER2 with EGFR and HER3 that abolishes canonical function of HER2. However, evidence on the exact mode of action of pertuzumab in homodimerization of HER2 are limited. In this study, we investigated the effect of pertuzumab and its combination with trastuzumab on HER2 homodimerization, phosphorylation and whole gene expression profile in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably overexpressing human HER2 (CHO-K6). CHO-K6 cells were treated with pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and their combination, and then HER2 homodimerization and phosphorylation at seven pY sites were investigated. The effects of the monoclonal antibodies on whole gene expression and the expression of cell cycle stages, apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis were studied by cDNA microarray. Results showed that pertuzumab had no significant effect on HER2 homodimerization, however, trastuzumab increased HER2 homodimerization. Interestingly, pertuzumab increased HER2 phosphorylation at Y1127, Y1139, and Y1196 residues, while trastuzumab increased HER2 phosphorylation at Y1196. More surprisingly, combination of pertuzumab and trastuzumab blocked the phosphorylation of Y1005 and Y1127 of HER2. Our results also showed that pertuzumab, but not trastuzumab, abrogated the effect of HER2 overexpression on cell cycle in particular G1/S transition, G2/M transition, and M phase, whereas trastuzumab abolished the inhibitory effect of HER2 on apoptosis. Our findings confirm that pertuzumab is unable to inhibit HER2 homodimerization but induces HER2 phosphorylation at some pY sites that abolishes HER2 effects on cell cycle progress. These data suggest that the clinical effects of pertuzumab may mostly through the inhibition of HER2 heterodimers, rather than HER2 homodimers and that pertuzumab binding to HER2 may inhibit non-canonical HER2 activation and function in non-HER-mediated and dimerization-independent pathway(s).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Babak Nami
- Department of Medical Genetics and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Hamid Maadi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
McCart Reed AE, Kalita-De Croft P, Kutasovic JR, Saunus JM, Lakhani SR. Recent advances in breast cancer research impacting clinical diagnostic practice. J Pathol 2019; 247:552-562. [PMID: 30426489 DOI: 10.1002/path.5199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade, the genomics revolution has driven critical advances in molecular oncology and pathology, and a deeper appreciation of heterogeneity that is beginning to reshape our thinking around diagnostic classification. Recent developments have seen existing classification systems modified and improved where possible, gene-based diagnostics implemented and tumour-immune interactions modulated. We present a detailed discussion of this progress, including advances in the understanding of breast tumour classification, e.g. mixed ductal-lobular tumours and the spectrum of triple-negative breast cancer. The latest information on clinical trials and the implementation of gene-based diagnostics, including MammaPrint and Oncotype Dx and others, is synthesised, and emerging targeted therapies, as well as the burgeoning immuno-oncology field, and their relevance in breast cancer, are discussed. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy E McCart Reed
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Priyakshi Kalita-De Croft
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jamie R Kutasovic
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jodi M Saunus
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sunil R Lakhani
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Jeong SA, Choi JM, Park JM, Lee JY, Lee SJ, Lee SY, Lee SY, Park YA, Jeong HJ, Song YC, Kim SH, Chang SJ. Mechanism of action of the trastuzumab biosimilar CT-P6. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2018; 19:1085-1095. [PMID: 30541352 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1554052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Therapeutic monoclonal antibody biosimilars are expected to help reduce the sizeable economic burden of targeted treatments. Trastuzumab (Herceptin®), a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to the extracellular domain of HER2, is approved for use in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer (in both the adjuvant and metastatic settings) and HER2-positive gastric cancer. CT-P6 (Herzuma®) is a biosimilar of trastuzumab, designed to bind with high affinity and specificity to the same HER2 epitope as the reference product. We investigated whether CT-P6 exerts its effects through the same mechanism of action as trastuzumab. Methods: The mechanism of action of CT-P6 and trastuzumab, both as monotherapy and in combination with paclitaxel or pertuzumab, was compared in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer and gastric cancer cell models. Results: We confirmed that CT-P6 functions in a manner similar to trastuzumab by binding to the HER2 receptor, which is central to the effects of trastuzumab in all indications. Conclusions: Collectively, the results of this study show that the mechanisms of action of CT-P6 and trastuzumab are similar in HER2-positive breast cancer and gastric cancer models and, therefore, CT-P6 can be expected to perform similarly in the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ah Jeong
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Celltrion Inc , Incheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Choi
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Celltrion Inc , Incheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Mo Park
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Celltrion Inc , Incheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Lee
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Celltrion Inc , Incheon , Republic of Korea
| | - So Jung Lee
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Celltrion Inc , Incheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Lee
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Celltrion Inc , Incheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Si Yeon Lee
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Celltrion Inc , Incheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon A Park
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Celltrion Inc , Incheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jeong Jeong
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Celltrion Inc , Incheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Cheol Song
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Celltrion Inc , Incheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Kim
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Celltrion Inc , Incheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Jae Chang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Celltrion Inc , Incheon , Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Yin J, Albers AJ, Smith TS, Riddell GT, Richards JO. Differential regulation of human monocytes and NK cells by antibody-opsonized tumors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:1239-1250. [PMID: 29855696 PMCID: PMC11028188 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2179-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The monocyte network is important for therapeutic efficacy of antibody therapies against cancer. One mechanism which monocytes/macrophages use to kill cancer cells is phagocytosis. Using trastuzumab and human breast cancer cell lines as a model, we used flow cytometry to evaluate the importance of avidity, antigen density, Fcγ receptor (FcγR) expression, and FcγR polymorphisms in human monocyte phagocytosis. By increasing avidity for the tumor through the addition of pertuzumab to trastuzumab, there was a two-to-threefold increase in phagocytosis potency against the HCC1419 cell line compared to antibodies alone, while NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) failed to increase tumor cell death. Consistent with increasing the avidity through multiple antibodies, antigen density significantly enhanced phagocytosis with breast cancer cell lines that were HER2 gene-amplified compared to non-amplified tumor cells. Confirmation that high antigen density enhanced phagocytosis was obtained when HER2 was overexpressed in HER2 non-amplified cell lines. In contrast, NK cell ADCC failed to distinguish differences in tumor cell death when comparing gene-amplified and non-amplified breast cancer cell lines. The level of phagocytosis was influenced by FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIa expression. Most monocytes are FcγRIIIa-, and the induction of the receptor significantly enhances antibody-dependent phagocytosis. Although both receptors are involved, when blocked FcγRIIIa had a greater influence on phagocytosis. Furthermore, the polymorphism FcγRIIIa 158V significantly enhanced phagocytosis; whereas FcγRIIa 131H polymorphism appeared to improve phagocytosis but was not statistically significant. Targeting of monocytes for enhanced phagocytosis may improve the effectiveness of therapeutic antibodies to improve clinical outcomes.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/drug effects
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Female
- Gene Amplification
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Monocytes/drug effects
- Monocytes/immunology
- Phagocytosis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptors, IgG/genetics
- Receptors, IgG/metabolism
- Trastuzumab/pharmacology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yin
- Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 960 N. 12th Street, 3rd floor, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA.
| | - Alex J Albers
- Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 960 N. 12th Street, 3rd floor, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
| | - Thomas S Smith
- Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 960 N. 12th Street, 3rd floor, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
- Computer Science, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Geoffrey T Riddell
- Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 960 N. 12th Street, 3rd floor, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
| | - John O Richards
- Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 960 N. 12th Street, 3rd floor, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
HER-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors enhance response to trastuzumab and pertuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer. Invest New Drugs 2018; 37:441-451. [PMID: 30062574 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0649-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite trastuzumab and pertuzumab improving outcome for patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer, the disease remains fatal for the majority of patients. This study evaluated the anti-proliferative effects of adding anti-HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) to trastuzumab and pertuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer cells. Afatinib was tested alone and in combination with trastuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines. TKIs (lapatinib, neratinib, afatinib) combined with trastuzumab and/or pertuzumab were tested in 3 cell lines, with/without amphiregulin and heregulin-1β. Seven of 11 HER2-positive cell lines tested were sensitive to afatinib (IC50 < 80 nM). Afatinib plus trastuzumab produced synergistic growth inhibition in eight cell lines. In trastuzumab-sensitive SKBR3 cells, the TKIs enhanced response to trastuzumab. Pertuzumab alone did not inhibit growth and did not enhance trastuzumab-induced growth inhibition or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Pertuzumab enhanced response to trastuzumab when combined with lapatinib but not neratinib or afatinib. In two trastuzumab-resistant cell lines, the TKIs inhibited growth but adding trastuzumab and/or pertuzumab did not improve response compared to TKIs alone. Amphiregulin plus heregulin-1β stimulated proliferation of SKBR3 and MDA-MB-453 cells. In the presence of the growth factors, neither antibody inhibited growth and the TKIs showed significantly reduced activity. The triple combination of trastuzumab, pertuzumab and a TKI showed the strongest anti-proliferative activity in all three cell lines, in the presence of exogenous growth factors. In summary, addition of anti-HER2 TKIs to combined anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody therapy results in enhanced anticancer activity. These data contribute to the rationale for studying maximum HER2 blockade in the clinic.
Collapse
|
65
|
Jackson DO, Trappey FA, Clifton GT, Vreeland TJ, Peace KM, Hale DF, Litton JK, Murray JL, Perez SA, Papamichail M, Mittendorf EA, Peoples GE. Effects of HLA status and HER2 status on outcomes in breast cancer patients at risk for recurrence - Implications for vaccine trial design. Clin Immunol 2018; 195:28-35. [PMID: 30025819 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy, using peptide-based cancer vaccines is being studied to assess its potential in breast cancer. Trials of HLA-restricted peptide vaccines have been difficult to enroll given HLA subtype restrictions. It is necessary to determine the prognostic significance of HLA-status in breast cancer if patients who are ineligible to receive a vaccine due to their HLA-status are used as controls. The impact of targeted tumor associated antigen expression, when it effects eligibility is also important. We examined control patients from two randomized phase II trials that tested HER2-peptide vaccines to determine the effect of HLA-A2 status and HER2 expression on disease-free survival. The analysis showed that HLA-A2-status does not affect disease-free survival, regardless of HER2 expression suggesting that HLA-A2 negative patients can be used as control patients. Additionally, HER2 over-expression was associated with a better disease-free survival in this population, underscoring the need for additional therapies in HER2 low-expressing breast cancer. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00524277.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doreen O Jackson
- Department of Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Drive, San Antonio 78234, TX, United States.
| | - Francois A Trappey
- Department of Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Drive, San Antonio 78234, TX, United States.
| | - G Travis Clifton
- Department of Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Drive, San Antonio 78234, TX, United States.
| | - Timothy J Vreeland
- Department of Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Drive, San Antonio 78234, TX, United States.
| | - Kaitlin M Peace
- Department of Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Drive, San Antonio 78234, TX, United States.
| | - Diane F Hale
- Department of Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Drive, San Antonio 78234, TX, United States.
| | - Jennifer K Litton
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, 77030, TX, United States.
| | - James L Murray
- Department of Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, 77030, TX, United States.
| | - Sonia A Perez
- Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 171 Alexandras Avenue, Athens 115-22, Greece.
| | - Michael Papamichail
- Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 171 Alexandras Avenue, Athens 115-22, Greece.
| | - Elizabeth A Mittendorf
- Department of Surgical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 171 Alexandras Avenue, Houston 115-22 77030, TX, United States.
| | - George E Peoples
- Cancer Vaccine Development Program, Metis Foundation, San Antonio 300 Convent Street Suite 1330, 78205, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Pondé N, Brandão M, El-Hachem G, Werbrouck E, Piccart M. Treatment of advanced HER2-positive breast cancer: 2018 and beyond. Cancer Treat Rev 2018; 67:10-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
67
|
Gullo G, Walsh N, Fennelly D, Bose R, Walshe J, Tryfonopoulos D, O'Mahony K, Hammond L, Silva N, McDonnell D, Ballot J, Quinn C, McDermott EW, Evoy D, Prichard R, Geraghty J, Amstrong J, Crown J. Impact of timing of trastuzumab initiation on long-term outcome of patients with early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer: the "one thousand HER2 patients" project. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:374-380. [PMID: 29773838 PMCID: PMC6070916 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal timing of (neo)adjuvant trastuzumab initiation with respect to chemotherapy and surgery remains undefined. METHODS Retrospective analysis of a large institutional database of HER2-positive patients who received anti-HER2 therapy. We included all Stage I to III patients treated with trastuzumab with a minimum follow up of 3 years. The date of first breast biopsy was recorded as initial diagnosis. RESULTS A total of 506 patients [adjuvant: 386 (76%)-neo-adjuvant: 120 (24%)] were included. The median time-to-first-trastuzumab (TFT) from diagnosis was 12 weeks (range 1.9-122.3). Median follow-up is 73.3 months (range 1.4-176.3). TFT was significantly shorter in the neo-adjuvant than in the adjuvant cohort (median: 4.4 vs. 14 weeks, p < 0.00001). Despite the neo-adjuvant cohort having significantly more node-positive patients (75 vs. 53%, p < 0.0001), DFS rate (neo-adjuvant: 12.5 vs. adjuvant: 18%, p = 0.094) was numerically superior in neo-adjuvant patients. A TFT ≤ 12 weeks was associated with significantly superior DFS and OS over TFT > 12 weeks. Early concomitant regimens were associated with superior DFS over delayed-concomitant and sequential regimens. CONCLUSIONS Initiating trastuzumab more than 12 weeks from diagnosis has a negative impact on clinical outcome. Neo-adjuvant anti-HER2 therapy could be the optimal strategy to treat early stage HER2-positive breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Gullo
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. .,School of Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Naomi Walsh
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University (DCU), Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Fennelly
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Reetesh Bose
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Janice Walshe
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Kate O'Mahony
- Aseptic Unit-Pharmacy Department, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lisa Hammond
- Aseptic Unit-Pharmacy Department, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nuno Silva
- Aseptic Unit-Pharmacy Department, St Vincent's Private Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Deirdre McDonnell
- Cancer Clinical Research Trust, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Josephine Ballot
- Cancer Clinical Research Trust, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cecily Quinn
- Department of Pathology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Enda W McDermott
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Denis Evoy
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ruth Prichard
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James Geraghty
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Amstrong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St Luke's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Crown
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Truffi M, Colombo M, Sorrentino L, Pandolfi L, Mazzucchelli S, Pappalardo F, Pacini C, Allevi R, Bonizzi A, Corsi F, Prosperi D. Multivalent exposure of trastuzumab on iron oxide nanoparticles improves antitumor potential and reduces resistance in HER2-positive breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6563. [PMID: 29700387 PMCID: PMC5920071 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24968-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies have profoundly changed the clinical prospect in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer. In particular, the anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab represents the gold standard for the treatment of HER2+ breast cancer patients. Its contribution in dampening cancer progression is mainly attributed to the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) rather than HER2 blockade. Here, multiple half chains of trastuzumab were conjugated onto magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNP-HC) to develop target-specific and biologically active nanosystems to enhance anti-HER2 therapeutic potential. HER2 targeting was assessed in different human breast cancer cell lines, where nanoparticles triggered site-specific phosphorylation in the catalytic domain of the receptor and cellular uptake by endocytosis. MNP-HC induced remarkable antiproliferative effect in HER2+ breast cancer cells, exhibiting enhanced activity compared to free drug. Accordingly, nanoparticles induced p27kip1 expression and cell cycle arrest in G1 phase, without loosing capability to prime ADCC. Finally, MNP-HC affected viability of trastuzumab-resistant cells, suggesting interference with the resistance machinery. Our findings indicate that multiple arrangement of trastuzumab half chain on the nanoparticle surface enhances anticancer efficacy in HER2+ breast cancer cells. Powerful inhibition of HER2 signaling could promote responsiveness of resistant cells, thus suggesting ways for drug sensitization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Truffi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milano, via G. B. Grassi 74, 20157, Milano, Italy
| | - Miriam Colombo
- NanoBioLab, Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Sorrentino
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milano, via G. B. Grassi 74, 20157, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Pandolfi
- NanoBioLab, Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Serena Mazzucchelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milano, via G. B. Grassi 74, 20157, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Pappalardo
- NanoBioLab, Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Pacini
- NanoBioLab, Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Raffaele Allevi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milano, via G. B. Grassi 74, 20157, Milano, Italy
| | - Arianna Bonizzi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milano, via G. B. Grassi 74, 20157, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Corsi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milano, via G. B. Grassi 74, 20157, Milano, Italy. .,Surgery Department, Breast Unit, ICS Maugeri S.p.A. SB, via S. Maugeri 10, 27100, Pavia, Italy. .,Nanomedicine laboratory, ICS Maugeri S.p.A. SB, via S. Maugeri 10, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Davide Prosperi
- NanoBioLab, Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milano, Italy. .,Nanomedicine laboratory, ICS Maugeri S.p.A. SB, via S. Maugeri 10, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Lee J, Kang HA, Bae JS, Kim KD, Lee KH, Lim KJ, Choo MJ, Chang SJ. Evaluation of analytical similarity between trastuzumab biosimilar CT-P6 and reference product using statistical analyses. MAbs 2018; 10:547-571. [PMID: 29482416 PMCID: PMC5973688 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1440170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of analytical similarity has been a challenging issue for the biosimilar industry because the number of lots for reference and biosimilar products available at the time of development are limited, whilst measurable quality attributes of target molecule are numerous, which can lead to potential bias or false negative/positive conclusions regarding biosimilarity. Therefore, appropriate statistical analyses are highly desirable to achieve a high level of confidence in the similarity evaluation. A recent guideline for the risk-based statistical approaches recommended by the US Food and Drug Administration provides useful tools to systematically evaluate analytical similarity of biosimilar products compared with reference products. Here, we evaluated analytical similarity of CT-P6, a biosimilar product of trastuzumab, with the reference products (EU-Herceptin® or US-Herceptin®) following these statistical approaches. Various quality attributes of trastuzumab were first ranked based on the clinical impact of each attribute and subsequently adjusted to one of three tiers (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) considering the characteristics of the assay, the level of attribute present and the feasibility of statistical analysis. Two biological activities with highest potential clinical impact were evaluated by an equivalent test (Tier 1), and other bioactivities and structural/physicochemical properties relevant to the clinical impact were evaluated by a quality range approach (Tier 2). The attributes with low risk ranking or qualitative assay were evaluated by visual comparison (Tier 3). Analytical similarity assessment analyzed by the three tiers clearly demonstrated that CT-P6 exhibits highly similar structural and physicochemical properties, as well as functional activities, compared with the reference products. There were small differences observed in a few quality attributes between CT-P6 and the reference products, but the differences were very minor, and unlikely to impact on clinical outcome. The recently reported equivalent clinical efficacy of CT-P6 with the reference product further supports that CT-P6 is highly similar compared with the reference product in the view of totality-of-evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihun Lee
- a Biotechnology Research Institute, R&D Division, Celltrion Inc. , Incheon , Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Kang
- a Biotechnology Research Institute, R&D Division, Celltrion Inc. , Incheon , Korea
| | - Jin Soo Bae
- a Biotechnology Research Institute, R&D Division, Celltrion Inc. , Incheon , Korea
| | - Kyu Dae Kim
- a Biotechnology Research Institute, R&D Division, Celltrion Inc. , Incheon , Korea
| | - Kyoung Hoon Lee
- a Biotechnology Research Institute, R&D Division, Celltrion Inc. , Incheon , Korea
| | - Ki Jung Lim
- a Biotechnology Research Institute, R&D Division, Celltrion Inc. , Incheon , Korea
| | - Min Joo Choo
- a Biotechnology Research Institute, R&D Division, Celltrion Inc. , Incheon , Korea
| | - Shin Jae Chang
- a Biotechnology Research Institute, R&D Division, Celltrion Inc. , Incheon , Korea
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Kurokawa YK, Shang MR, Yin RT, George SC. Modeling trastuzumab-related cardiotoxicity in vitro using human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Toxicol Lett 2018; 285:74-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
71
|
Colzani B, Pandolfi L, Hoti A, Iovene PA, Natalello A, Avvakumova S, Colombo M, Prosperi D. Investigation of antitumor activities of trastuzumab delivered by PLGA nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:957-973. [PMID: 29491709 PMCID: PMC5817418 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s152742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We report the development of an efficient antibody delivery system for the incorporation of trastuzumab (TZ) into poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles (PLGA NPs). The aim of the work was to overcome the current limitations in the clinical use of therapeutic antibodies, including immunogenicity, poor pharmacokinetics, low tumor penetration and safety issues. Materials and methods Trastuzumab-loaded PLGA NPs (PLGA-TZ) were synthesized according to a double emulsion method. The same protocol was used to produce control batches of nonspecific IgG-loaded NPs and empty PLGA NPs. After release of TZ from PLGA NPs, the effects on the main biological activities of the antibody were evaluated on SKBR3 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [HER2]-positive breast cancer cell line), including specific binding to HER2, phosphorylation of HER2 (Y1248), degradation of HER2 protein and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) mechanism. In addition, an MTT assay was performed for treating SKBR3 cells with PLGA NPs loaded with TZ and doxorubicin to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of the combined treatment. Results and discussion TZ was gradually released in a prolonged way over 30 days. The physical characterization performed with circular dichroism, Fourier transform infrared and fluorescence spectroscopy of TZ after release demonstrated that no structural alterations occurred compared to the native antibody. In vitro experiments using SKBR3 cells showed that TZ released from PLGA NPs maintained the same biological activity of native TZ. PLGA NPs allowed a good co-encapsulation efficiency of TZ and doxorubicin resulting in improved therapy. Conclusion With the TZ case study, we demonstrate that the distinctive features of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, including molecular targeting efficiency, capability to inhibit or properly affect the regulatory signaling pathways of cancer cells and stimulation of the ADCC, are fully preserved after loading into and release from PLGA NPs. In addition, PLGA NPs are shown to allow for the simultaneous incorporation of TZ and conventional chemotherapeutics, resulting in a potent antitumor nanodrug well suited for in situ combination and neoadjuvant therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Colzani
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Pandolfi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Ada Hoti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Antonino Natalello
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Svetlana Avvakumova
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Miriam Colombo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Prosperi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy.,Nanomedicine Laboratory, ICS Maugeri S. p. A. SB, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Udagawa C, Nakamura H, Ohnishi H, Tamura K, Shimoi T, Yoshida M, Yoshida T, Totoki Y, Shibata T, Zembutsu H. Whole exome sequencing to identify genetic markers for trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:446-452. [PMID: 29247589 PMCID: PMC5797809 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although trastuzumab‐induced cardiotoxicity is an important determinant to limit the use of this drug, the molecular mechanism of risk for this toxicity is not well understood. To identify genetic variants determining the risk of trastuzumab‐induced cardiotoxicity, we carried out whole exome sequencing of germline DNA samples from 9 patients with trastuzumab‐induced cardiotoxicity, and conducted a case‐control association study of 2258 genetic variants between 9 cases (with trastuzumab‐induced cardiotoxicity) and general Japanese population controls registered in the Human Genetic Variation Database (HGVD). The top variant which showed the lowest P‐value in the screening study was rs139503277 in PHD Finger Protein 3 (Pmin = .00012, odds ratio [OR] = 51.23). To further validate the result of screening study, we carried out a replication study of 10 variants showing Pmin < .001 in the screening study using 234 independent patients treated with trastuzumab, including 10 cases and 224 controls (without trastuzumab‐induced cardiotoxicity). In the replication study, we observed that three variants had an effect in the same direction as in the screening study (rs78272919 in exon 2 of Keratin 15, rs5762940 in exon 2 of zinc and ring finger 3, and rs139944387 in exon 44 of Eyes shut homologs [EYS]). A combined result of the screening and the replication studies suggested an association of a locus on chromosome 6q12 with trastuzumab‐induced cardiotoxicity (rs139944387 in EYS, combined Pmin = .00056, OR = 13.73). This finding provides new insights into personalized trastuzumab therapy for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐positive cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Udagawa
- Division of Genetics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Pharmacogenomics Group, Project for Development of Liquid Biopsy Diagnosis, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakamura
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohnishi
- Division of Genetics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Pharmacogenomics Group, Project for Development of Liquid Biopsy Diagnosis, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Tamura
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Shimoi
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Yoshida
- Fundamental Innovative Oncology Core, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Totoki
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Shibata
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Zembutsu
- Division of Genetics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Pharmacogenomics Group, Project for Development of Liquid Biopsy Diagnosis, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Gleeson JP, Keegan NM, Morris PG. Adding Pertuzumab to Trastuzumab and Taxanes in HER2 positive breast cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 18:251-262. [PMID: 29183167 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1410132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The monoclonal antibody trastuzumab has improved the median disease free and overall survival of patients with early stage breast cancer that overexpresses the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Despite this advance, some patients experience cancer relapse and novel approaches are always needed. One such advance is the monoclonal antibody pertuzumab, which prevents dimerisation between members of the HER family of transmembrane glycoprotein receptors. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors analyse recent research which has focused on the development of new HER2 targeting agents for HER2-positive breast cancer, particularly pertuzumab, and its addition to trastuzumab and taxanes. EXPERT OPINION Pertuzumab has significantly improved disease control in patients with advanced HER2 positive breast cancer when added to chemotherapy and trastuzumab. Although pertuzumab has also increased response rates in the preoperative setting, this has not yet translated into increased overall survival. The authors believe that future research should focus on improvements in novel biomarkers to select patients for new treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Patrick Gleeson
- a Cancer Clinical Trials and Research Unit , Beaumont Hospital and RCSI, Dublin 9 , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Niamh M Keegan
- a Cancer Clinical Trials and Research Unit , Beaumont Hospital and RCSI, Dublin 9 , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Patrick G Morris
- a Cancer Clinical Trials and Research Unit , Beaumont Hospital and RCSI, Dublin 9 , Dublin , Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Costa RLB, Soliman H, Czerniecki BJ. The clinical development of vaccines for HER2 + breast cancer: Current landscape and future perspectives. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 61:107-115. [PMID: 29125981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a tumor associated antigen over-expressed in 20-30% of cases of breast cancer. Passive immune therapy with HER2-directed monoclonal antibodies (mabs) has changed the natural history of this subset of breast tumors both in the localized and metastatic settings. The safety and efficacy of HER2 vaccines have been assessed in early phase clinical trials but to date clinically relevant results in late phase trials remain an elusive target. Here, we review the recent translational discoveries related to the interactions between the adaptive immune system and the HER2 antigen in breast cancer, results of published clinical trials, and future directions in the field of HER2 vaccine treatment development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R L B Costa
- Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Breast Cancer, Tampa, United States.
| | - H Soliman
- Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Breast Cancer, Tampa, United States
| | - B J Czerniecki
- Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Breast Cancer, Tampa, United States
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Baldassarre T, Truesdell P, Craig AW. Endophilin A2 promotes HER2 internalization and sensitivity to trastuzumab-based therapy in HER2-positive breast cancers. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:110. [PMID: 28974266 PMCID: PMC5627411 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0900-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) is amplified and a clinical target in a subset of human breast cancers with high rates of metastasis. Targeted therapies involving the antibody trastuzumab and trastuzumab-emtansine (T-DM1) have greatly improved outcomes for HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer patients. However, resistance to these targeted therapies can develop and limit their efficacy. Here, we test the involvement of the endocytic adaptor protein endophilin A2 (Endo II) in HER2+ breast cancer models, and their responses to treatments with trastuzumab and T-DM1. Methods Endo II expression in human breast tumors and lymph node metastases were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Stable silencing of Endo II was achieved in HER2+ cancer cell lines (SK-BR-3 and HCC1954) to test Endo II effects on HER2 levels, localization and signaling, cell motility and tumor metastasis. The effects of Endo II silencing on the responses of HER2+ cancer cells to trastuzumab or T-DM1 treatments were tested using real-time cell motility and cytotoxicity assays. Results High Endo II protein expression was detected in HER2-positive tumors, and was linked to worse overall survival in node-positive HER2+ breast cancers at the mRNA level. Stable silencing of Endo II in HER2+ cell lines led to elevated levels of HER2 on the cell surface, impaired epidermal growth factor-induced HER2 internalization, and reduced signaling to downstream effector kinases Akt and Erk. Endo II silencing also led to decreased migration and invasion of HER2+ cancer cells in vitro, and impaired lung seeding following tail vein injection in mice. In addition, Endo II silencing also impaired HER2 internalization in response to Trastuzumab, and led to reduced cytotoxicity response in HER2+ cancer cells treated with T-DM1. Conclusions Our study provides novel evidence of Endo II function in HER2+ cancer cell motility and trafficking of HER2 that relates to effective treatments with trastuzumab or T-DM1. Thus, differential expression of Endo II may relate to sensitivity or resistance to trastuzumab-based therapies for HER2+ cancers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-017-0900-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Baldassarre
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Cancer Biology & Genetics Division, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Truesdell
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Cancer Biology & Genetics Division, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew W Craig
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. .,Cancer Biology & Genetics Division, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Ilieva KM, Fazekas-Singer J, Achkova DY, Dodev TS, Mele S, Crescioli S, Bax HJ, Cheung A, Karagiannis P, Correa I, Figini M, Marlow R, Josephs DH, Beavil AJ, Maher J, Spicer JF, Jensen-Jarolim E, Tutt AN, Karagiannis SN. Functionally Active Fc Mutant Antibodies Recognizing Cancer Antigens Generated Rapidly at High Yields. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1112. [PMID: 28959256 PMCID: PMC5604060 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies find broad application as therapy for various types of cancer by employing multiple mechanisms of action against tumors. Manipulating the Fc-mediated functions of antibodies that engage immune effector cells, such as NK cells, represents a strategy to influence effector cell activation and to enhance antibody potency and potentially efficacy. We developed a novel approach to generate and ascertain the functional attributes of Fc mutant monoclonal antibodies. This entailed coupling single expression vector (pVitro1) antibody cloning, using polymerase incomplete primer extension (PIPE) polymerase chain reaction, together with simultaneous Fc region point mutagenesis and high yield transient expression in human mammalian cells. Employing this, we engineered wild type, low (N297Q, NQ), and high (S239D/I332E, DE) FcR-binding Fc mutant monoclonal antibody panels recognizing two cancer antigens, HER2/neu and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4. Antibodies were generated with universal mutagenic primers applicable to any IgG1 pVitro1 constructs, with high mutagenesis and transfection efficiency, in small culture volumes, at high yields and within 12 days from design to purified material. Antibody variants conserved their Fab-mediated recognition of target antigens and their direct anti-proliferative effects against cancer cells. Fc mutations had a significant impact on antibody interactions with Fc receptors (FcRs) on human NK cells, and consequently on the potency of NK cell activation, quantified by immune complex-mediated calcium mobilization and by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of tumor cells. This strategy for manipulation and testing of Fc region engagement with cognate FcRs can facilitate the design of antibodies with defined effector functions and potentially enhanced efficacy against tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Ilieva
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Unit, School of Cancer Sciences, Guy's Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Judit Fazekas-Singer
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Y Achkova
- School of Cancer Sciences, King's College London, Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tihomir S Dodev
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Mele
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heather J Bax
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Cheung
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Unit, School of Cancer Sciences, Guy's Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Panagiotis Karagiannis
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Oncology, Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital of Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Isabel Correa
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mariangela Figini
- Molecular Therapies Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rebecca Marlow
- Breast Cancer Now Unit, School of Cancer Sciences, Guy's Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Debra H Josephs
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,School of Cancer Sciences, King's College London, Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Beavil
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Maher
- School of Cancer Sciences, King's College London, Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Immunology, Eastbourne Hospital, Eastbourne, United Kingdom
| | - James F Spicer
- School of Cancer Sciences, King's College London, Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrew N Tutt
- Breast Cancer Now Unit, School of Cancer Sciences, Guy's Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Unit, School of Cancer Sciences, Guy's Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Collins DM, Gately K, Hughes C, Edwards C, Davies A, Madden SF, O'Byrne KJ, O'Donovan N, Crown J. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors as modulators of trastuzumab-mediated antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in breast cancer cell lines. Cell Immunol 2017; 319:35-42. [PMID: 28735814 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trastuzumab is an anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy capable of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and used in the treatment of HER2+ breast cancer. Through interactions with FcƴR+ immune cell subsets, trastuzumab functions as a passive immunotherapy. The EGFR/HER2-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) lapatinib and the next generation TKIs afatinib and neratinib, can alter HER2 levels, potentially modulating the ADCC response to trastuzumab. Using LDH-release assays, we investigated the impact of antigen modulation, assay duration and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) activity on trastuzumab-mediated ADCC in breast cancer models of maximal (SKBR3) and minimal (MCF-7) target antigen expression to determine if modulating the ADCC response to trastuzumab using TKIs may be a viable approach for enhancing tumor immune reactivity. METHODS HER2 levels were determined in lapatinib, afatinib and neratinib-treated SKBR3 and MCF-7 using high content analysis (HCA). Trastuzumab-mediated ADCC was assessed following treatment with TKIs utilising a colorimetric LDH release-based protocol at 4 and 12h timepoints. PBMC activity was assessed against non-MHC-restricted K562 cells. A flow cytometry-based method (CFSE/7-AAD) was also used to measure trastuzumab-mediated ADCC in medium-treated SKBR3 and MCF-7. RESULTS HER2 antigen levels were significantly altered by the three TKIs in both cell line models. The TKIs significantly reduced LDH levels directly in SKBR3 cells but not MCF-7. Lapatinib and neratinib augment trastuzumab-related ADCC in SKBR3 but the effect was not consistent with antigen expression levels and was dependent on volunteer PBMC activity (vs. K562). A 12h assay timepoint produced more consistent results. Trastuzumab-mediated ADCC (PBMC:target cell ratio of 10:1) was measured at 7.6±4.7% (T12) by LDH assay and 19±3.2 % (T12) using the flow cytometry-based method in the antigen-low model MCF-7. CONCLUSIONS In the presence of effector cells with high cytotoxic capacity, TKIs have the ability to augment the passive immunotherapeutic potential of trastuzumab in SKBR3, a model of HER2+ breast cancer. ADCC levels detected by LDH release assays are extremely low in MCF-7; the flow cytometry-based CFSE/7-AAD method is more sensitive and consistent for the determination of ADCC in HER2-low models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis M Collins
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Kathy Gately
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Clare Hughes
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Connla Edwards
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Anthony Davies
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Stephen F Madden
- Data Science Center, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Kenneth J O'Byrne
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Norma O'Donovan
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - John Crown
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; Department of Medical Oncology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Zong H, Han L, Ding K, Wang J, Sun T, Zhang X, Cagliero C, Jiang H, Xie Y, Xu J, Zhang B, Zhu J. Producing defucosylated antibodies with enhanced in vitro antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity via FUT8 knockout CHO-S cells. Eng Life Sci 2017; 17:801-808. [PMID: 32624826 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201600255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To engineer a host cell line that produces defucosylated mAbs with superior antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, we disrupted α-1, 6 fucosyltransferase (FUT8) gene in CHO-S (CHO is Chinese hamster ovary) cells by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR associated nuclease 9. The gene knockout cell line was evaluated for growth, stability, and product quality. The growth profile of FUT8 gene knockout CHO-S (FUT8 -/-) cells was comparable with wild type CHO-S cells. FUT8 catalyzes the transfer of a fucose residue from GDP-fucose to N-glycans residue. Defucosylated IgG1 antibodies produced by FUT8 -/- cells showed increased binding affinities to human FcγRIIIa and higher activities in mediating antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, comparing with conventional fucosylated IgG1. Our results demonstrated the potential of using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR associated nuclease 9 technology in cell line engineering for biopharmaceutical industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Zong
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Han
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Ding
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxian Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | - Jianrong Xu
- School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Jecho Laboratories Frederick MD USA
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Richards JO, Albers AJ, Smith TS, Tjoe JA. NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity is enhanced by tamoxifen in HER2/neu non-amplified, but not HER2/neu-amplified, breast cancer cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:1325-1335. [PMID: 27573917 PMCID: PMC11028446 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1885-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-targeting antibodies have been successful in the treatment of various types of cancers. Antibodies engage the immune system with their Fc, stimulating immune cell effector function. In the clinic, FcγRIIIa polymorphisms with higher affinity for the Fc of antibodies were shown to improve response rates and overall survival. Efforts have been made to modify the Fc to enhance affinity to Fc receptors and thereby improve effector function. An alternative for improving immune effector function may be to increase the level of tumor antigen expression. In this study, tamoxifen was used to increase HER2/neu protein level to determine whether increased tumor antigen expression could enhance NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC). Tamoxifen was found to increase HER2/neu 1.5-fold to threefold in breast cancer cell lines that were HER2/neu non-amplified. Using flow cytometry to simultaneously evaluate NK cell degranulation and tumor cell death, the increase in HER2/neu enhanced NK cell-mediated ADCC. However, in cells that had HER2/neu gene amplification and estrogen receptor expression, tamoxifen elevated HER2/neu but failed to improve NK cell function. The quantity of HER2/neu on the tumor cell surface was approximately double that of the number of Fc receptors found on NK cells. This appears to reflect a ceiling at which increasing antigen expression fails to improve NK cell effector function. This has clinical implications as trying to increase antigen expression to enhance NK cell function may be useful for patients with antigen-low tumors, but not in those whose tumors have gene amplification or high levels of antigen expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John O Richards
- Immunotherapy Research Laboratory, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Aurora Health Care, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Immunology Research Laboratory, Aurora Research Institute, 960 N. 12th Street, 3rd Floor, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA.
| | - Alex J Albers
- Immunotherapy Research Laboratory, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Aurora Health Care, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Thomas S Smith
- Immunotherapy Research Laboratory, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Aurora Health Care, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Judy A Tjoe
- Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Surgical Breast Oncology, Aurora Cancer Care, Aurora Health Care, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Wilkinson EL, Sidaway JE, Cross MJ. Cardiotoxic drugs Herceptin and doxorubicin inhibit cardiac microvascular endothelial cell barrier formation resulting in increased drug permeability. Biol Open 2016; 5:1362-1370. [PMID: 27543060 PMCID: PMC5087671 DOI: 10.1242/bio.020362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity induced by anti-cancer therapeutics is a severe, and potentially fatal, adverse reaction of the heart in response to certain drugs. Current in vitro approaches to assess cardiotoxicity have focused on analysing cardiomyocytes. More recently it has become apparent that non-cardiomyocyte cells of the heart can potentially contribute to cardiotoxicity. Herceptin and doxorubicin are known to induce cardiotoxicity in the clinic. The effect of these drugs on the endothelial tight junction barrier was tested by analysing tight junction formation and zona occludens-1 (ZO-1) levels, revealing that Herceptin and doxorubicin are able to induce barrier perturbment and decrease barrier function in human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMECs) leading to increased permeability. Herceptin treatment had no effect on the tight junction barrier function in human dermal and human brain microvascular endothelial cells. HCMECs showed detectable levels of HER2 compared with the other endothelial cells suggesting that Herceptin binding to HER2 in these cells may interfere with tight junction formation. Our data suggests that doxorubicin and Herceptin can affect tight junction formation in the cardiac microvasculature leading to increased drug permeability and adverse effects on the cardiac myocytes. Summary: The anti-cancer drugs doxorubicin and Herceptin can disrupt tight junction formation in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells resulting in increased permeability which could potentially contribute to drug-induced cardiotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Wilkinson
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Sherrington Building, Ashton Street, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - James E Sidaway
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Sherrington Building, Ashton Street, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK Molecular Toxicology, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Michael J Cross
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Sherrington Building, Ashton Street, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Cessation of targeted therapy after a complete response in BRAF-mutant advanced melanoma: a case series. Br J Cancer 2016; 115:1280-1284. [PMID: 27711085 PMCID: PMC5129828 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unknown whether melanoma patients achieving complete response (CR) with targeted therapy can safely discontinue treatment. METHODS All patients treated with BRAF/MEK inhibitors achieving CR and ceasing treatment before progression were identified. Clinical data at treatment initiation, cessation and progression were examined. RESULTS A total of 12 eligible patients were identified, with median follow-up of 16 months, of whom 6 (50%) recurred at a median of 6.6 months after treatment cessation. One patient lost to follow-up until presentation with symptomatic recurrence was the only relapser to die. At relapse, the remaining five patients had an LDH <1.2 times ULN, four were ECOG 0 and one ECOG 1. Baseline characteristics and time to CR and to discontinuation did not influence the rate of relapse. CONCLUSIONS A large proportion of patients achieving CR with BRAF/MEK inhibitors relapse after treatment cessation. The optimal treatment duration in such patients is unclear, particularly where alternative treatments are available.
Collapse
|
82
|
de Melo Gagliato D, Leonardo Fontes Jardim D, Marchesi MSP, Hortobagyi GN. Mechanisms of resistance and sensitivity to anti-HER2 therapies in HER2+ breast cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:64431-64446. [PMID: 26824988 PMCID: PMC5325455 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast Cancer (BC) is a highly prevalent disease. A woman living in the United States has a 12.3% lifetime risk of being diagnosed with breast cancer [1]. It is the most common female cancer and the second most common cause of cancer death in women [2]. Of note, amplification or overexpression of Human Epidermal Receptor 2 (HER2) oncogene is present in approximately 18 to 20% of primary invasive breast cancers, and until personalized therapy became available for this specific BC subtype, the worst rates of Overall Survival (OS) and Recurrence-Free Survival (RFS) were observed in the HER2+ BC cohort, compared to all other types, including triple negative BC (TNBC) [3].HER2 is a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family. Other family members include EGFR or HER1, HER3 and HER4. HER2 can form heterodimers with any of the other three receptors, and is considered to be the preferred dimerization partner of the other HER or ErbB receptors [4]. Phosphorylation of tyrosine residues within the cytoplasmic domain is the result of receptor dimerization and culminates into initiation of a variety of signalling pathways involved in cellular proliferation, transcription, motility and apoptosis inhibition [5].In addition to being an important prognostic factor in women diagnosed with BC, HER2 overexpression also identifies those patients who benefit from treatment with agents that target HER2, such as trastuzumab, pertuzumab, trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) and small molecules tyrosine kinase inhibitors of HER2 [6, 11, 127].In fact, trastuzumab altered the natural history of patients diagnosed with HER2+ BC, both in early and metastatic disease setting, in a major way [8-10]. Nevertheless, there are many women that will eventually develop metastatic disease, despite being treated with anti-HER2 therapy in the early disease setting. Moreover, advanced tumors may reach a point where no anti-HER2 treatment will achieve disease control, including recently approved drugs, such as T-DM1.This review paper will concentrate on major biological pathways that ultimately lead to resistance to anti-HER2 therapies in BC, summarizing their mechanisms. Strategies to overcome this resistance, and the rationale involved in each tactics to revert this scenario will be presented to the reader.
Collapse
|
83
|
Pace D, Lewis N, Wu T, Gillespie R, Leiske D, Velayudhan J, Rohrbach A, Connell-Crowley L. Characterizing the effect of multiple Fc glycan attributes on the effector functions and FcγRIIIa receptor binding activity of an IgG1 antibody. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:1181-1192. [PMID: 27160519 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
N-linked Fc glycosylation of IgG1 monoclonal antibody therapeutics can directly influence their mechanism of action by impacting IgG effector functions such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). Therefore, identification and detailed characterization of Fc glycan critical quality attributes (CQAs) provides important information for process design and control. A two-step approach was used to identify and characterize the Fc glycan CQAs for an IgG1 Mab with effector function. First, single factor experiments were performed to identify glycan critical quality attributes that influence ADCC and CDC activities. Next, a full-factorial design of experiment (DOE) to characterize the possible interactions and relative effect of these three glycan species on ADCC, CDC, and FcγRIIIa binding was employed. Additionally, the DOE data were used to develop models to predict ADCC, CDC, and FcγRIIIa binding of a given configuration of the three glycan species for this IgG1 molecule. The results demonstrate that for ADCC, afuco mono/bi has the largest effect, followed by HM and β-gal, while FcγRIIIa binding is affected by afuco mono/bi and β-gal. CDC, in contrast, is affected by β-gal only. This type of glycan characterization and modeling can provide valuable information for development, manufacturing support and process improvements for IgG products that require effector function for efficacy. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:1181-1192, 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Pace
- Amgen Inc, 1201 Amgen Court West, Seattle, WA, 98119
| | | | - Tina Wu
- Amgen Inc, 1201 Amgen Court West, Seattle, WA, 98119
| | - Ron Gillespie
- Amgen Inc, 1201 Amgen Court West, Seattle, WA, 98119
| | - Dan Leiske
- Amgen Inc, 1201 Amgen Court West, Seattle, WA, 98119
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
84
|
Zigler M, Shir A, Joubran S, Sagalov A, Klein S, Edinger N, Lau J, Yu SF, Mizraji G, Globerson Levin A, Sliwkowski MX, Levitzki A. HER2-Targeted Polyinosine/Polycytosine Therapy Inhibits Tumor Growth and Modulates the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Cancer Immunol Res 2016; 4:688-97. [PMID: 27241844 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-15-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of targeted therapies that affect multiple signaling pathways and stimulate antitumor immunity is greatly needed. About 20% of patients with breast cancer overexpress HER2. Small molecules and antibodies targeting HER2 convey some survival benefits; however, patients with advanced disease succumb to the disease under these treatment regimens, possibly because HER2 is not completely necessary for the survival of the targeted cancer cells. In the present study, we show that a polyinosine/polycytosine (pIC) HER2-homing chemical vector induced the demise of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells, including trastuzumab-resistant cells. Targeting pIC to the tumor evoked a number of cell-killing mechanisms, as well as strong bystander effects. These bystander mechanisms included type I IFN induction, immune cell recruitment, and activation. The HER2-targeted pIC strongly inhibited the growth of HER2-overexpressing tumors in immunocompetent mice. The data presented here could open additional avenues in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(8); 688-97. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Zigler
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Department of Biological Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexei Shir
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Department of Biological Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Salim Joubran
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Department of Biological Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anna Sagalov
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Department of Biological Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shoshana Klein
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Department of Biological Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nufar Edinger
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Department of Biological Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jeffrey Lau
- Translational Oncology Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Translational Oncology Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Gabriel Mizraji
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Mark X Sliwkowski
- Molecular Oncology Department, Genentech, Inc. South San Francisco, California
| | - Alexander Levitzki
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Department of Biological Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Robert L, Ribas A, Hu-Lieskovan S. Combining targeted therapy with immunotherapy. Can 1+1 equal more than 2? Semin Immunol 2016; 28:73-80. [PMID: 26861544 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Targeted therapies have induced high response rates and improved survival in patients with cancer. However, the long-term effectiveness of targeted therapies has been limited by the development of acquired resistance in the majority of patients. On the other hand, the modern immunotherapy strategies have been associated with durable responses but in limited number of patients. Accordingly, research efforts have been focused on examining the effects of combinations of targeted therapy and immunotherapy in several different histological subtypes of cancer. There has been accumulated evidence to suggest that targeted therapy can induce immune effects in the tumor cells, the host immune system, and the tumor microenvironment. Subsequently, clinical trials have been designed to examine the efficacy of combining immune checkpoint blockade or adoptive cell transfer with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, HER family blockade, anti-angiogenic agents, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and cancer stem cell inhibitors. To date, the combination of immunotherapy with targeted therapy has demonstrated potential as a cancer treatment strategy, but further optimizations are required and caution must be taken to avoid toxicity. The current review summarizes existing evidence and provides rationale supporting the use of combined targeted and immune-therapy approaches in patients with different types of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Robert
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (JCCC) at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Siwen Hu-Lieskovan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (JCCC) at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Krasnova Y, Putz EM, Smyth MJ, Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F. Bench to bedside: NK cells and control of metastasis. Clin Immunol 2015; 177:50-59. [PMID: 26476139 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in host immune responses against tumor growth and metastasis. The numerous mechanisms used by NK cells to regulate and control cancer metastasis include interactions with tumor cells via specific receptors and ligands as well as direct cytotoxicity and cytokine-induced effector mechanisms. NK cells also play a role in tumor immunosurveillance and inhibition of metastases formation by recognition and killing of tumor cells. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms of NK cell responses against tumor metastases and discuss multiple strategies by which tumors evade NK cell-mediated surveillance. With an increasing understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving NK cell activity, there is a growing potential for the development of new cancer immunotherapies. Here we provide a historical background on NK cell-based therapies and discuss the implications of recent and ongoing clinical trials using novel NK cell-based immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Krasnova
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Eva Maria Putz
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Fernando Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Boero S, Morabito A, Banelli B, Cardinali B, Dozin B, Lunardi G, Piccioli P, Lastraioli S, Carosio R, Salvi S, Levaggi A, Poggio F, D'Alonzo A, Romani M, Del Mastro L, Poggi A, Pistillo MP. Analysis of in vitro ADCC and clinical response to trastuzumab: possible relevance of FcγRIIIA/FcγRIIA gene polymorphisms and HER-2 expression levels on breast cancer cell lines. J Transl Med 2015; 13:324. [PMID: 26450443 PMCID: PMC4598965 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0680-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trastuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) currently used for the treatment of breast cancer (BC) patients with HER-2 overexpressing tumor subtype. Previous data reported the involvement of FcγRIIIA/IIA gene polymorphisms and/or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in the therapeutic efficacy of trastuzumab, although results on these issues are still controversial. This study was aimed to evaluate in vitro the functional relationships among FcγRIIIA/IIA polymorphisms, ADCC intensity and HER-2 expression on tumor target cells and to correlate them with response to trastuzumab. Patients and methods Twenty-five patients with HER-2 overexpressing BC, receiving trastuzumab in a neoadjuvant (NEO) or metastatic (MTS) setting, were genotyped for the FcγRIIIA 158V>F and FcγRIIA 131H>R polymorphisms by a newly developed pyrosequencing assay and by multiplex Tetra-primer-ARMS PCR, respectively. Trastuzumab-mediated ADCC of patients’ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was evaluated prior to therapy and measured by 51Chromium release using as targets three human BC cell lines showing different levels of reactivity with trastuzumab. Results We found that the FcγRIIIA 158F and/or the FcγRIIA 131R variants, commonly reported as unfavorable in BC, may actually behave as ADCC favorable genotypes, in both the NEO (P ranging from 0.009 to 0.039 and from 0.007 to 0.047, respectively) and MTS (P ranging from 0.009 to 0.032 and P = 0.034, respectively) patients. The ADCC intensity was affected by different levels of trastuzumab reactivity with BC target cells. In this context, the MCF-7 cell line, showing the lowest reactivity with trastuzumab, resulted the most suitable cell line for evaluating ADCC and response to trastuzumab. Indeed, we found a statistically significant correlation between an increased frequency of patients showing ADCC of MCF-7 and complete response to trastuzumab in the NEO setting (P = 0.006). Conclusions Although this study was performed in a limited number of patients, it would indicate a correlation of FcγR gene polymorphisms to the ADCC extent in combination with the HER-2 expression levels on tumor target cells in BC patients. However, to confirm our findings further experimental evidences obtained from a larger cohort of BC patients are mandatory. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-015-0680-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Boero
- Unit of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Anna Morabito
- Unit of Tumor Epigenetics, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Barbara Banelli
- Unit of Tumor Epigenetics, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Barbara Cardinali
- Development of Innovative Therapies Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Dozin
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Gianluigi Lunardi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Verona, Italy.
| | | | - Sonia Lastraioli
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Roberta Carosio
- Unit of Tumor Epigenetics, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Sandra Salvi
- Unit of Pathology, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Alessia Levaggi
- Development of Innovative Therapies Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Francesca Poggio
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Alessia D'Alonzo
- Development of Innovative Therapies Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Massimo Romani
- Unit of Tumor Epigenetics, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Lucia Del Mastro
- Development of Innovative Therapies Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Poggi
- Unit of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
88
|
Trastuzumab enhanced the cytotoxicity of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells against zoledronate-sensitized osteosarcoma cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:160-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
89
|
Caiazza F, McGowan PM, Mullooly M, Murray A, Synnott N, O'Donovan N, Flanagan L, Tape CJ, Murphy G, Crown J, Duffy MJ. Targeting ADAM-17 with an inhibitory monoclonal antibody has antitumour effects in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1895-903. [PMID: 26010411 PMCID: PMC4580380 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Identification and validation of a targeted therapy for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), that is, breast cancers negative for oestrogen receptors, progesterone receptors and HER2 amplification, is currently one of the most urgent problems in breast cancer treatment. EGFR is one of the best-validated driver genes for TNBC. EGFR is normally activated following the release of ligands such as TGFα, mediated by the two MMP-like proteases ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase)-10 and ADAM-17. The aim of this study was to investigate the antitumour effects of a monoclonal antibody against ADAM-17 on an in vitro model of TNBC. Methods: We investigated an inhibitory cross-domain humanised monoclonal antibody targeting both the catalytic domain and the cysteine-rich domain of ADAM17-D1(A12) in the HCC1937 and HCC1143 cell lines. Results: D1(A12) was found to significantly inhibit the release of TGFα, and to decrease downstream EGFR-dependent cell signalling. D1(A12) treatment reduced proliferation in two-dimensional clonogenic assays, as well as growth in three-dimensional culture. Furthermore, D1(A12) reduced invasion of HCC1937 cells and decreased migration of HCC1143 cells. Finally, D1(A12) enhanced cell death in HCC1143 cells. Conclusion: Our in vitro findings suggest that targeting ADAM-17 with D1(A12) may have anticancer activity in TNBC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Caiazza
- UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P M McGowan
- UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Mullooly
- UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Murray
- UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - N Synnott
- UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - N O'Donovan
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology (NICB), Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - L Flanagan
- UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C J Tape
- 1] Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK [2] Cell Communication Team, Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - G Murphy
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Crown
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M J Duffy
- 1] UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland [2] UCD Clinical Research Centre, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Cao Y, Axup JY, Ma JSY, Wang RE, Choi S, Tardif V, Lim RKV, Pugh HM, Lawson BR, Welzel G, Kazane SA, Sun Y, Tian F, Srinagesh S, Javahishvili T, Schultz PG, Kim CH. Multiformat T-cell-engaging bispecific antibodies targeting human breast cancers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7022-7. [PMID: 25919418 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Four different formats of bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) were generated that consist of anti-Her2 IgG or Fab site-specifically conjugated to anti-CD3 Fab using the genetically encoded noncanonical amino acid. These bsAbs varied in valency or in the presence or absence of an Fc domain. Different valencies did not significantly affect antitumor efficacy, whereas the presence of an Fc domain enhanced cytotoxic activity, but triggered antigen-independent T-cell activation. We show that the bsAbs can efficiently redirect T cells to kill all Her2 expressing cancer cells, including Her2 1+ cancers, both in vitro and in rodent xenograft models. This work increases our understanding of the structural features that affect bsAb activity, and underscores the potential of bsAbs as a promising therapeutic option for breast cancer patients with low or heterogeneous Her2 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Jun Y Axup
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Jennifer S Y Ma
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Rongsheng E Wang
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Seihyun Choi
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Virginie Tardif
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute (USA)
| | - Reyna K V Lim
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Holly M Pugh
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Brian R Lawson
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute (USA)
| | - Gus Welzel
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Stephanie A Kazane
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Ying Sun
- EuCode Technology, Ambrx, Inc. 10975 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Feng Tian
- EuCode Technology, Ambrx, Inc. 10975 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Shailaja Srinagesh
- EuCode Technology, Ambrx, Inc. 10975 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Tsotne Javahishvili
- EuCode Technology, Ambrx, Inc. 10975 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Peter G Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA). .,California Institute for Biomedical Research, 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA).
| | - Chan Hyuk Kim
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA).
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Cao Y, Axup JY, Ma JSY, Wang RE, Choi S, Tardif V, Lim RKV, Pugh HM, Lawson BR, Welzel G, Kazane SA, Sun Y, Tian F, Srinagesh S, Javahishvili T, Schultz PG, Kim CH. Multiformat T-Cell-Engaging Bispecific Antibodies Targeting Human Breast Cancers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201500799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
92
|
Miura D, Yoneyama K, Furuhata Y, Shimizu K. Paclitaxel enhances antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of trastuzumab by rapid recruitment of natural killer cells in HER2-positive breast cancer. J NIPPON MED SCH 2015; 81:211-20. [PMID: 25186575 DOI: 10.1272/jnms.81.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An important mechanism by which trastuzumab inhibits the growth of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer cells is the activation of a host tumor response via antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Although paclitaxel has a synergistic effect in combination with trastuzumab, whether ADCC is enhanced by paclitaxel is not known. In the present study we examined whether adding paclitaxel to trastuzumab enhances ADCC and also investigated the kinetics of effector cells in ADCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The subjects were 20 patients with HER2-positive breast cancer: 9 received the combination of trastuzumab (4 mg/kg as a loading dose and 2 mg/kg weekly) and paclitaxel (80 mg/m(2) weekly) and 19 received monotherapy with trastuzumab. In blood samples (mononuclear cells) obtained before and 10 minutes after administration of chemotherapy, ADCC and the number of effector cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, monocytes, and CD64+ cells, were compared in each case. The ADCC was analyzed with a (51)Cr releasing assay using the SK-BR-3 cell line, and the fractions of NK cells (both CD16+ [FcγRIII] and CD56+) and CD64+ (FcγRI) cells were analyzed with flow cytometry. RESULTS The mean ADCC level increased 20% after trastuzumab monotherapy and 126% (p<0.05) after combination therapy with trastuzumab and paclitaxel. All 9 patients receiving combination therapy had increased ADCC levels. The number of NK cells increased 51% after trastuzumab monotherapy and 112% (p<0.05) after combination therapy. No significant changes were found in monocytes (39% increase) or CD64+ cells (53% increase) after trastuzumab monotherapy, but monocytes decreased 40% (p<0.05) and CD64+ cells decreased 24% after combination therapy. CONCLUSIONS Adding paclitaxel to trastuzumab significantly enhances ADCC, with levels twice as great as with trastuzumab monotherapy, through a rapid recruitment of NK cells. This finding suggests that the combination of trastuzumab and paclitaxel has a stronger-than-expected synergistic effect in HER2-positive breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daishu Miura
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Nippon Medical School Hospital
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
93
|
Serial Measurements of Apoptotic Cell Numbers Provide Better Acceptance Criterion for PBMC Quality than a Single Measurement Prior to the T Cell Assay. Cells 2015; 4:40-55. [PMID: 25585298 PMCID: PMC4381208 DOI: 10.3390/cells4010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As soon as Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) are isolated from whole blood, some cells begin dying. The rate of apoptotic cell death is increased when PBMC are shipped, cryopreserved, or stored under suboptimal conditions. Apoptotic cells secrete cytokines that suppress inflammation while promoting phagocytosis. Increased numbers of apoptotic cells in PBMC may modulate T cell functions in antigen-triggered T cell assays. We assessed the effect of apoptotic bystander cells on a T cell ELISPOT assay by selectively inducing B cell apoptosis using α-CD20 mAbs. The presence of large numbers of apoptotic B cells did not affect T cell functionality. In contrast, when PBMC were stored under unfavorable conditions, leading to damage and apoptosis in the T cells as well as bystander cells, T cell functionality was greatly impaired. We observed that measuring the number of apoptotic cells before plating the PBMC into an ELISPOT assay did not reflect the extent of PBMC injury, but measuring apoptotic cell frequencies at the end of the assay did. Our data suggest that measuring the numbers of apoptotic cells prior to and post T cell assays may provide more stringent PBMC quality acceptance criteria than measurements done only prior to the start of the assay.
Collapse
|
94
|
HER2-family signalling mechanisms, clinical implications and targeting in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 149:5-15. [PMID: 25542271 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-3250-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 20 % of human breast cancers (BC) overexpress HER2 protein, and HER2-positivity is associated with a worse prognosis. Although HER2-targeted therapies have significantly improved outcomes for HER2-positive BC patients, resistance to trastuzumab-based therapy remains a clinical problem. In order to better understand resistance to HER2-targeted therapies in HER2-positive BC, it is necessary to examine HER family signalling as a whole. An extensive literature search was carried out to critically assess the current knowledge of HER family signalling in HER2-positive BC and response to HER2-targeted therapy. Known mechanisms of trastuzumab resistance include reduced receptor-antibody binding (MUC4, p95HER2), increased signalling through alternative HER family receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), altered intracellular signalling involving loss of PTEN, reduced p27kip1, or increased PI3K/AKT activity and altered signalling via non-HER family RTKs such as IGF1R. Emerging strategies to circumvent resistance to HER2-targeted therapies in HER2-positive BC include co-targeting HER2/PI3K, pan-HER family inhibition, and novel therapies such as T-DM1. There is evidence that immunity plays a key role in the efficacy of HER-targeted therapy, and efforts are being made to exploit the immune system in order to improve the efficacy of current anti-HER therapies. With our rapidly expanding understanding of HER2 signalling mechanisms along with the repertoire of HER family and other targeted therapies, it is likely that the near future holds further dramatic improvements to the prognosis of women with HER2-positive BC.
Collapse
|
95
|
Eng JWL, Kokolus KM, Reed CB, Hylander BL, Ma WW, Repasky EA. A nervous tumor microenvironment: the impact of adrenergic stress on cancer cells, immunosuppression, and immunotherapeutic response. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014; 63:1115-28. [PMID: 25307152 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1617-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Long conserved mechanisms maintain homeostasis in living creatures in response to a variety of stresses. However, continuous exposure to stress can result in unabated production of stress hormones, especially catecholamines, which can have detrimental health effects. While the long-term effects of chronic stress have well-known physiological consequences, recent discoveries have revealed that stress may affect therapeutic efficacy in cancer. Growing epidemiological evidence reveals strong correlations between progression-free and long-term survival and β-blocker usage in cancer patients. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of how the catecholamines, epinephrine and norepinephrine, affect cancer cell survival and tumor progression. We also highlight new data exploring the potential contributions of stress to immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment and the implications of these findings for the efficacy of immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason W-L Eng
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
96
|
Bull-Hansen B, Cao Y, Berg K, Skarpen E, Rosenblum MG, Weyergang A. Photochemical activation of the recombinant HER2-targeted fusion toxin MH3-B1/rGel; Impact of HER2 expression on treatment outcome. J Control Release 2014; 182:58-66. [PMID: 24637464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
HER2 is overexpressed in 20-30% of breast tumors and is associated with aggressiveness and increased risk of recurrence and death. The HER2 protein is internalized as a part of its activity, and may therefore be utilized as a target for the specific intracellular delivery of drugs. Photochemical internalization (PCI) is a novel technology now undergoing clinical evaluation for its ability to improve the release into the cytosol of drugs entrapped in the endo/lysosomal compartment. PCI employs an amphiphilic photosensitizer which localizes in the membranes of endo/lysosomes. Subsequent light exposure (visible light) causes destabilization of the endo/lysosomal membranes. PCI has been proven highly effective for improving the cytosolic delivery of targeted toxins based on type I ribosome inactivating protein toxins such as gelonin. We examined the impact of the level of target antigen expression on PCI efficacy. Four human breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, BT-20, Zr-75-1 and SK-BR-3) covering a wide range of HER2 expression were included in the present study. PCI of the HER2-targeted fusion toxin MH3-B1/rGel was found to be highly effective in all four cell lines. The increase in PCI-mediated efficacy was not directly correlated with the cellular levels of HER2 as assessed by western blots, the overall uptake of MH3-B1/rGel as measured by flow cytometry, the amount of MH3-B1/rGel localized to endo/lysosomes assessed by confocal microscopy or the cell sensitivity to the photochemical treatment itself (photosensitizer and light without MH3-B1/rGel). However, correcting the PCI efficacy for the baseline cellular sensitivity to rGel revealed a linear correlation (R(2)=0.80) with HER2 expression. The present report therefore concludes the cellular sensitivity to the toxin as an important parameter for PCI efficacy and also indicates PCI of a HER2-targeted fusion toxin as an attractive treatment alternative for breast cancer patients with both HER2-low and -high expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bente Bull-Hansen
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Yu Cao
- Immunopharmacology and Targeted Therapy Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kristian Berg
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Ellen Skarpen
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Michael G Rosenblum
- Immunopharmacology and Targeted Therapy Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anette Weyergang
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Wattenberg MM, Kwilas AR, Gameiro SR, Dicker AP, Hodge JW. Expanding the use of monoclonal antibody therapy of cancer by using ionising radiation to upregulate antibody targets. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:1472-80. [PMID: 24556625 PMCID: PMC3960628 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy for the treatment of solid and haematologic malignancies has shown poor response rates as a monotherapy. Furthermore, its use is limited to tumours expressing certain molecular targets. It has been shown that single-dose radiation can induce immunogenic modulation that is characterised by cell-surface phenotypic changes leading to augmented tumour cell/cytotoxic T-cell interaction. Methods: We examined radiation's ability to upregulate mAb therapy targets. We also used radiation to sensitise tumour cells to antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Results: Radiation significantly increased cell-surface and total protein expression of mAb targets HER2, EGFR, and CD20. Focusing on HER2, targeted by trastuzumab, we observed significant upregulation of HER2 following radiation of 3 out of 3 breast cancer cell lines, one of which was triple negative, as well as in residential stem-cell populations. HER2 upregulation was sustained up to 96 h following radiation exposure and was largely dependent on intracellular reactive oxygen species. Improved ADCC and sensitisation to the antiproliferative effects of trastuzumab demonstrated the functional significance of radiation-induced HER2 upregulation. Conclusions: We show that single-dose radiation enhances mAb therapy. These findings highlight a mechanism for combining radiation with immunotherapy and expand the patient population that can be treated with targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Wattenberg
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 8B13, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - A R Kwilas
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 8B13, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - S R Gameiro
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 8B13, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - A P Dicker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, 111 S. 11th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - J W Hodge
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 8B13, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Salinas-Jazmín N, Hisaki-Itaya E, Velasco-Velázquez MA. A flow cytometry-based assay for the evaluation of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in cancer cells. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1165:241-252. [PMID: 24839029 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0856-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of new therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for cancer therapy will rise in the following years. The evaluation of biological activity of mAbs is required during drug development and during drug production as quality control test. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is a desirable activity of anticancer mAbs. Here, we describe a flow cytometry-based method to quantify ADCC that combines the staining of cancer cells, effector cells, and dead cells, with specific dyes. This method is inexpensive, has low background, and avoids the use of radioisotopes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nohemí Salinas-Jazmín
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN. Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Sto.Tomás, 11340, México, D.F., México
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
99
|
Duffy AG, Greten TF. Immunological off-target effects of standard treatments in gastrointestinal cancers. Ann Oncol 2013; 25:24-32. [PMID: 24201974 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects on immune cells and the inflammatory microenvironment of commonly applied cancer treatments (chemotherapeutic or biologic agents, interventional radiologic procedures) have become better appreciated. Likewise, the contribution of the immune system toward the effectiveness of these treatments is clearer. The relevance of immune evasion by developing tumors is endorsed by its inclusion as one of the (updated) hallmarks of cancer. A greater understanding of this dimension can potentially lead to novel applications of existing standard of care therapies, in addition to potentiating their effect. This review summarizes the immune aspects of currently employed therapies-cytotoxic chemotherapeutics, biologic agents and interventional radiologic procedures-in solid tumor malignancies with a particular focus on those agents used in gastrointestinal cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A G Duffy
- GI Malignancy Section, Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
100
|
Shi M, Yang Z, Hu M, Liu D, Hu Y, Qian L, Zhang W, Chen H, Guo L, Yu M, Song L, Ma Y, Guo N. Catecholamine-Induced β2-adrenergic receptor activation mediates desensitization of gastric cancer cells to trastuzumab by upregulating MUC4 expression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:5600-8. [PMID: 23630346 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Trastuzumab is currently used for patients with Her2(+) advanced gastric cancer. However, the response rate to trastuzumab among the patients is low. The molecular mechanisms underlying trastuzumab resistance in gastric cancer are unknown. Our in vitro data show that activation of β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) triggered by catecholamine caused "targeting failure" of trastuzumab in gastric cancer cells. The antitumor activities of trastuzumab were significantly impeded by chronic catecholamine stimulation in gastric cancer cells and in the mice bearing human gastric cancer xenografts. Mechanistically, catecholamine induced upregulation of the MUC4 expression at both transcription and protein levels via activating STAT3 and ERK. The effects of catecholamine could be effectively blocked by β2-AR antagonist ICI-118,551, indicating that β2-AR-mediated signaling pathway plays a key role in upregulation of MUC4, which was previously demonstrated to interfere with the recognition and physical binding of trastuzumab to Her2 molecules. Moreover, a significant elevation of the MUC4 level was observed in the xenograft tissues in nude mice chronically treated with isoproterenol. Knockdown of MUC4 restored the binding activities of trastuzumab to Her2-overexpressing gastric cancer cells. In addition, coexpression of β2-AR and MUC4 were observed in gastric cancer tissues. Our data indicated a novel trastuzumab resistance mechanism, by which catecholamine-induced β2-AR activation mediates desensitization of gastric cancer cells to trastuzumab through upregulating the MUC4 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|