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Shi J, Zhu Y, Li M, Ma Y, Liu H, Zhang P, Fang D, Guo Y, Xu P, Qiao Y. Establishment of a novel virus-induced virulence effector assay for the identification of virulence effectors of plant pathogens using a PVX-based expression vector. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2020; 21:1654-1661. [PMID: 33029873 PMCID: PMC7694669 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogens deliver virulence effectors into plant cells to modulate plant immunity and facilitate infection. Although species-specific virulence effector screening approaches have been developed for several pathogens, these assays do not apply to pathogens that cannot be cultured and/or transformed outside of their hosts. Here, we established a rapid and parallel screening assay, called the virus-induced virulence effector (VIVE) assay, to identify putative effectors in various plant pathogens, including unculturable pathogens, using a virus-based expression vector. The VIVE assay uses the potato virus X (PVX) vector to transiently express candidate effector genes of various bacterial and fungal pathogens into Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Using the VIVE assay, we successfully identified Avh148 as a potential virulence effector of Phytophthora sojae. Plants infected with PVX carrying Avh148 showed strong viral symptoms and high-level Avh148 and viral RNA accumulation. Analysis of P. sojae Avh148 deletion mutants and soybean hairy roots overexpressing Avh148 revealed that Avh148 is required for full pathogen virulence. In addition, the VIVE assay was optimized in N. benthamiana plants at different developmental stages across a range of Agrobacterium cell densities. Overall, we identified six novel virulence effectors from seven pathogens, thus demonstrating the broad effectiveness of the VIVE assay in plant pathology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular SciencesCollege of Life SciencesShanghai Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yuanhong Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular SciencesCollege of Life SciencesShanghai Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ming Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular SciencesCollege of Life SciencesShanghai Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yuqing Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular SciencesCollege of Life SciencesShanghai Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Huarong Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular SciencesCollege of Life SciencesShanghai Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Peng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular SciencesCollege of Life SciencesShanghai Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
- College of AgricultureYangtze UniversityJingzhouChina
| | | | - Yushuang Guo
- Laboratory of Molecular GeneticsChina National Tobacco CorporationGuizhou Institute of Tobacco ScienceGuiyangChina
| | - Ping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular SciencesCollege of Life SciencesShanghai Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yongli Qiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular SciencesCollege of Life SciencesShanghai Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
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52
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Hu W, Zhou T, Hu G, Wu H, Han Z, Xiao J, Li X, Xing Y. An ethyl methanesulfonate-induced neutral mutant-bridging method efficiently identifies spontaneously mutated genes in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:1129-1141. [PMID: 32808346 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous mutants are mainly obtained from tissue culture or natural occurrences in plants. The traditional strategy for identifying spontaneously mutated genes is to continuously backcross these mutants to another variety and develop a near-isogenic F2 population for map-based cloning or bulked segregant analysis. However, this strategy is time-consuming. Here, we have developed a new method to efficiently accelerate the identification process. The chemical mutagen ethyl methanesulfonate was first used to treat the wild type of the spontaneous mutants to induce thousands of neutral mutations. An induced individual without any statistically significant phenotypic changes which was compared with the wild type was chosen as the neutral mutant. The spontaneous mutant was then crossed with the neutral mutant to develop a pseudo-near-isogenic F2 population in which only the induced neutral mutations and the causal mutation were segregated in the genome. This population ensures that the variation of the mutated trait is controlled only by the spontaneously mutated gene. Finally, after sequencing the neutral mutant and the mutant-type DNA pool of the F2 population the spontaneous mutation will be identified quickly by bioinformatics analysis. Using this method, two spontaneously mutated genes were identified successfully. Therefore, the neutral mutant-bridging method efficiently identifies spontaneously mutated genes in rice, and its value in other plants is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Gang Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hong Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhongmin Han
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinghua Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xianghua Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yongzhong Xing
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
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53
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Shen C, Wei C, Li J, Zhang X, Zhong Q, Li Y, Bai B, Wu Y. Barley yellow dwarf virus-GAV-derived vsiRNAs are involved in the production of wheat leaf yellowing symptoms by targeting chlorophyll synthase. Virol J 2020; 17:158. [PMID: 33087133 PMCID: PMC7576850 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat yellow dwarf virus disease is infected by barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), which causes leaf yellowing and dwarfing symptoms in wheat, thereby posing a serious threat to China's food production. The infection of plant viruses can produce large numbers of vsiRNAs, which can target host transcripts and cause symptom development. However, few studies have been conducted to explore the role played by vsiRNAs in the interaction between BYDV-GAV and host wheat plants. METHODS In this study, small RNA sequencing was conducted to profile vsiRNAs in BYDV-GAV-infected wheat plants. The putative targets of vsiRNAs were predicted by the bioinformatics software psRNATarget. RT-qPCR and VIGS were employed to identify the function of selected target transcripts. To confirm the interaction between vsiRNA and the target, 5' RACE was performed to analyze the specific cleavage sites. RESULTS From the sequencing data, we obtained a total of 11,384 detected vsiRNAs. The length distribution of these vsiRNAs was mostly 21 and 22 nt, and an A/U bias was observed at the 5' terminus. We also observed that the production region of vsiRNAs had no strand polarity. The vsiRNAs were predicted to target 23,719 wheat transcripts. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis demonstrated that these targets were mostly involved in cell components, catalytic activity and plant-pathogen interactions. The results of RT-qPCR analysis showed that most chloroplast-related genes were downregulated in BYDV-GAV-infected wheat plants. Silencing of a chlorophyll synthase gene caused leaf yellowing that was similar to the symptoms exhibited by BYDV-GAV-inoculated wheat plants. A vsiRNA from an overlapping region of BYDV-GAV MP and CP was observed to target chlorophyll synthase for gene silencing. Next, 5' RACE validated that vsiRNA8856 could cleave the chlorophyll synthase transcript in a sequence-specific manner. CONCLUSIONS This report is the first to demonstrate that BYDV-GAV-derived vsiRNAs can target wheat transcripts for symptom development, and the results of this study help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf yellowing after viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Caiyan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jingyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Qinrong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Bixin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yunfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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Fu J, Liu B. Exogenous Cry1Ab/c Protein Recruits Different Endogenous Proteins for Its Function in Plant Growth and Development. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:685. [PMID: 32714909 PMCID: PMC7344169 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Current risk assessments of transgenic crops do not take into consideration whether exogenous proteins interact with endogenous proteins and thereby induce unintended effects in the crops. Therefore, the unintended effects through protein interactions in insect-resistant transgenic rice merit investigation. Here, a yeast two-hybrid assay was used to evaluate interactions between Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) protein-derived Cry1Ab/c insect resistance rice Huahui-1 and the endogenous proteins of its parental rice Minghui-63. The authenticity of the strongest interactions of Cry1Ab/c and 14 endogenous proteins involved in photosynthesis and stress resistance, which may be primarily responsible for the significant phenotypic differences between transgenic Huahui-1 and parental Minghui-63, were then analyzed and validated by subcellular co-localization, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-immunoprecipitation. As the exogenous full-length Cry1Ab/c protein was found to have self-activating activity, we cleaved it - into three segments based on its three domains, and these were screened for interaction with host proteins using the yeast two-hybrid assay. Sixty endogenous proteins related to the regulation of photosynthesis, stress tolerance, and substance metabolism were found to interact with the Cry1Ab/c protein. The results of bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-immunoprecipitation verified the interactions between the full-length Cry1Ab/c protein and 12 endogenous proteins involved in photosynthesis 23KD, G, PSBP, Rubisco, Trx, THF1 and stress resistance CAMTAs, DAHP, E3s, HKMTs, KIN13A, FREE1. We used a combination of yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and co-immunoprecipitation to identify Cry1Ab/c interacting with rice proteins that seem to be associated with the observed unintended effects on photosynthesis and stress resistance between Huahui-1 and Minghui-63 rice plants, and analyze the possible interaction mechanisms by comparing differences in cell localization and interaction sites between these interactions. The results herein provide a molecular analytical system to qualify and quantify the interactions between exogenous proteins and the endogenous proteins of the recipient crop. It could help elucidate both the positive and negative effects of creating transgenic plants and predict their potential risks as well as net crop quality and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Fu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Biao Liu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China
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55
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Zheng L, Hong P, Guo X, Li Y, Xie L. Rice stripe virus p2 Colocalizes and Interacts with Arabidopsis Cajal Bodies and Its Domains in Plant Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5182164. [PMID: 32685498 PMCID: PMC7317325 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5182164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
p2 of rice stripe virus may translocate from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and recruit nucleolar functions to promote virus systemic movement. Cajal bodies (CBs) are nuclear components associated with the nucleolus, which play a major role in plant virus infection. Coilin, a marker protein of CBs, is essential for CB formation and function. Coilin contains three domains, the N-terminal, the center, and the C-terminal fragments. Using yeast two-hybrid, colocalization, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) approaches, we show that p2 interacts with the full-length of Arabidopsis thaliana coilin (Atcoilin), the center and C-terminal domain of Atcoilin in the nucleus. Moreover, the N-terminal is indispensable for Atcoilin to interact with Cajal bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Pengxiang Hong
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaonan Guo
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Li Xie
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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56
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Yang X, Lu Y, Wang F, Chen Y, Tian Y, Jiang L, Peng J, Zheng H, Lin L, Yan C, Taliansky M, MacFarlane S, Wu Y, Chen J, Yan F. Involvement of the chloroplast gene ferredoxin 1 in multiple responses of Nicotiana benthamiana to Potato virus X infection. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2142-2156. [PMID: 31872217 PMCID: PMC7094082 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast protein ferredoxin 1 (FD1), with roles in the chloroplast electron transport chain, is known to interact with the coat proteins (CPs) of Tomato mosaic virus and Cucumber mosaic virus. However, our understanding of the roles of FD1 in virus infection remains limited. Here, we report that the Potato virus X (PVX) p25 protein interacts with FD1, whose mRNA and protein levels are reduced by PVX infection or by transient expression of p25. Silencing of FD1 by Tobacco rattle virus-based virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) promoted the local and systemic infection of plants by PVX. Use of a drop-and-see (DANS) assay and callose staining revealed that the permeability of plasmodesmata (PDs) was increased in FD1-silenced plants together with a consistently reduced level of PD callose deposition. After FD1 silencing, quantitative reverse transcription-real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis and LC-MS revealed these plants to have a low accumulation of the phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA), which contributed to the decreased callose deposition at PDs. Overexpression of FD1 in transgenic plants manifested resistance to PVX infection, but the contents of ABA and SA, and the PD callose deposition were not increased in transgenic plants. Overexpression of FD1 interfered with the RNA silencing suppressor function of p25. These results demonstrate that interfering with FD1 function causes abnormal plant hormone-mediated antiviral processes and thus enhances PVX infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuwen Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanzhen Tian
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liangliang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiejun Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hongying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chengqi Yan
- Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Michael Taliansky
- The James Hutton Institute, Cell and Molecular Sciences Group, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stuart MacFarlane
- The James Hutton Institute, Cell and Molecular Sciences Group, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
| | - Yuanhua Wu
- Department of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Feng M, Cheng R, Chen M, Guo R, Li L, Feng Z, Wu J, Xie L, Hong J, Zhang Z, Kormelink R, Tao X. Rescue of tomato spotted wilt virus entirely from complementary DNA clones. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:1181-1190. [PMID: 31879355 PMCID: PMC6969498 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1910787117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Negative-stranded/ambisense RNA viruses (NSVs) include not only dangerous pathogens of medical importance but also serious plant pathogens of agronomic importance. Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is one of the most important plant NSVs, infecting more than 1,000 plant species, and poses major threats to global food security. The segmented negative-stranded/ambisense RNA genomes of TSWV, however, have been a major obstacle to molecular genetic manipulation. In this study, we report the complete recovery of infectious TSWV entirely from complementary DNA (cDNA) clones. First, a replication- and transcription-competent minigenome replication system was established based on 35S-driven constructs of the S(-)-genomic (g) or S(+)-antigenomic (ag) RNA template, flanked by the 5' hammerhead and 3' ribozyme sequence of hepatitis delta virus, a nucleocapsid (N) protein gene and codon-optimized viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene. Next, a movement-competent minigenome replication system was developed based on M(-)-gRNA, which was able to complement cell-to-cell and systemic movement of reconstituted ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) of S RNA replicon. Finally, infectious TSWV and derivatives carrying eGFP reporters were rescued in planta via simultaneous expression of full-length cDNA constructs coding for S(+)-agRNA, M(-)-gRNA, and L(+)-agRNA in which the glycoprotein gene sequence of M(-)-gRNA was optimized. Viral rescue occurred with the addition of various RNAi suppressors including P19, HcPro, and γb, but TSWV NSs interfered with the rescue of genomic RNA. This reverse genetics system for TSWV now allows detailed molecular genetic analysis of all aspects of viral infection cycle and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfeng Feng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixiang Cheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Minglong Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Guo
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyao Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhike Feng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyan Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xie
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, 317502 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Hong
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, 317502 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongkai Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Agri-Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 650223 Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Richard Kormelink
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaorong Tao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, People's Republic of China;
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Proteomic Changes during MCMV Infection Revealed by iTRAQ Quantitative Proteomic Analysis in Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010035. [PMID: 31861651 PMCID: PMC6981863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) has been occurring frequently worldwide and causes severe yield losses in maize (Zea mays). To better investigate the destructive effects of MCMV infection on maize plants, isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based comparative proteomic analysis was performed on MCMV infected maize cv. B73. A total of 972 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs), including 661 proteins with increased abundance and 311 proteins with reduced abundance, were identified in response to MCMV infection. Functional annotations of DAPs and measurement of photosynthetic activity revealed that photosynthesis was decreased, while the abundance of ribosomal proteins, proteins related to stress responses, oxidation-reduction and redox homeostasis was altered significantly during MCMV infection. Two DAPs, disulfide isomerases like protein ZmPDIL-1 and peroxiredoxin family protein ZmPrx5, were further analyzed for their roles during MCMV infection through cucumber mosaic virus-based virus-induced gene silencing (CMV-VIGS). The accumulation of MCMV was suppressed in ZmPDIL-1-silenced or ZmPrx5-silenced B73 maize, suggesting ZmPDIL-1 and ZmPrx5 might enhance host susceptibility to MCMV infection.
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59
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Huang DQ, Chen R, Wang YQ, Hong J, Zhou XP, Wu JX. Development of a colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic strip for rapid detection of Rice stripe virus. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2019; 20:343-354. [PMID: 30932379 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1800563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rice stripe virus (RSV) causes dramatic losses in rice production worldwide. In this study, two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) 16E6 and 11C1 against RSV and a colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic strip were developed for specific, sensitive, and rapid detection of RSV in rice plant and planthopper samples. The MAb 16E6 was conjugated with colloidal gold and the MAb 11C1 was coated on the test line of the nitrocellulose membrane of the test strip. The specificity of the test strip was confirmed by a positive reaction to RSV-infected rice plants and small brown planthopper (SBPH), and negative reactions to five other rice viruses, healthy rice plants, four other vectors of five rice viruses, and non-viruliferous SBPH. Sensitivity analyses showed that the test strip could detect the virus in RSV-infected rice plant tissue crude extracts diluted to 1:20 480 (w/v, g/mL), and in individual viruliferous SBPH homogenate diluted to 1:2560 (individual SPBH/μL). The validity of the developed strip was further confirmed by tests using field-collected rice and SBPH samples. This newly developed test strip is a low-cost, fast, and easy-to-use tool for on-site detection of RSV infection during field epidemiological studies and paddy field surveys, and thus can benefit decision-making for RSV management in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Qing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ya-Qin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xue-Ping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jian-Xiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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60
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Li Y, Duan T, Nan Z, Li Y. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus alleviates alfalfa leaf spots caused by Phoma medicaginis revealed by RNA-seq analysis. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 130:547-560. [PMID: 31310670 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS One of the major limitations to the production of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is the fungus Phoma medicaginis, which infects alfalfa and causes leaf spots. This study aims to understand alfalfa's response to P. medicaginis infection, the colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) and the effect of AMF on plant-pathogen interactions. METHODS AND RESULTS Transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq) was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in alfalfa infected by P. medicaginis and colonized by AMF Rhizophagus intraradices. AMF ameliorated the effects of P. medicaginis infection on alfalfa by reducing leaf spot incidence and disease index by 39·48 and 56·18% respectively. Inoculation with pathogen and AMF induced the activity of defence pathways, including peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase activities and jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid concentration. Plants showed differential expression of P. medicaginis resistance-related genes, including genes belonging to pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, chitinase activity, flavonoid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism and photosynthesis. Inoculation with AMF led to changes in the expression of genes involved in PR proteins, chitinase activity, phenylalanine metabolism and photosynthesis. CONCLUSION The physiological and transcriptional changes caused by P. medicaginis infection in non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal alfalfa provides crucial information for understanding AMF's association with pathogenic systems. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study showed that AMF alleviated alfalfa leaf spots demonstrating that AMF can serve as a biocontrol strategy for alfalfa disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems Lanzhou Unviersity, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - T Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems Lanzhou Unviersity, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Z Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems Lanzhou Unviersity, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Y Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems Lanzhou Unviersity, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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61
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Gnanasekaran P, Ponnusamy K, Chakraborty S. A geminivirus betasatellite encoded βC1 protein interacts with PsbP and subverts PsbP-mediated antiviral defence in plants. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:943-960. [PMID: 30985068 PMCID: PMC6589724 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Geminivirus disease complexes potentially interfere with plants physiology and cause disastrous effects on a wide range of economically important crops throughout the world. Diverse geminivirus betasatellite associations exacerbate the epidemic threat for global food security. Our previous study showed that βC1, the pathogenicity determinant of geminivirus betasatellites induce symptom development by disrupting the ultrastructure and function of chloroplasts. Here we explored the betasatellite-virus-chloroplast interaction in the scope of viral pathogenesis as well as plant defence responses, using Nicotiana benthamiana-Radish leaf curl betasatellite (RaLCB) as the model system. We have shown an interaction between RaLCB-encoded βC1 and one of the extrinsic subunit proteins of oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II both in vitro and in vivo. Further, we demonstrate a novel function of the Nicotiana benthamiana oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 2 (PsbP), in that it binds DNA, including geminivirus DNA. Transient silencing of PsbP in N. benthamiana plants enhances pathogenicity and viral DNA accumulation. Overexpression of PsbP impedes disease development during the early phase of infection, suggesting that PsbP is involved in generation of defence response during geminivirus infection. In addition, βC1-PsbP interaction hampers non-specific binding of PsbP to the geminivirus DNA. Our findings suggest that betasatellite-encoded βC1 protein accomplishes counter-defence by physical interaction with PsbP reducing the ability of PsbP to bind geminivirus DNA to establish infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabu Gnanasekaran
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi110 067India
| | - Kalaiarasan Ponnusamy
- Synthetic Biology Laboratory, School of BiotechnologyJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi110 067India
| | - Supriya Chakraborty
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi110 067India
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Li J, Zhao W, Wang W, Zhang L, Cui F. Evaluation of Rice stripe virus transmission efficiency by quantification of viral load in the saliva of insect vector. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:1979-1985. [PMID: 30609247 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent plant viruses transfer from insect gut to the hemolymph, and finally to the salivary glands before inoculation into the plant hosts with saliva during insect feeding. Virus accumulation in saliva is an important indicator for the transmission ability of an insect vector. In order to evaluate the transmission ability of the small brown planthopper to rice stripe virus (RSV), we successfully measured accumulation of RSV in the saliva of planthoppers via the absolute real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction method by quantifying the copy numbers of viral genes. RESULTS After feeding on an artificial diet for 24 h, the copy numbers of viral genes of capsid protein (CP) and disease-specific protein (SP) can be detected in the saliva collected from as few as ten viruliferous planthoppers and ten non-viruliferous planthoppers after infected with RSV for 7 days. When the expression of planthopper G protein pathway suppressor 2 or c-Jun N-terminal kinase was knocked down, the copy numbers of CP and SP in the saliva varied accordingly. CONCLUSION Our study provided an accurate and convenient detection system to evaluate the transmission efficiency of RSV by small brown planthoppers, and this method may also be suitable for other persistent plant viruses. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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63
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Gnanasekaran P, KishoreKumar R, Bhattacharyya D, Vinoth Kumar R, Chakraborty S. Multifaceted role of geminivirus associated betasatellite in pathogenesis. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:1019-1033. [PMID: 31210029 PMCID: PMC6589721 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Begomoviruses have emerged as a group of plant pathogens that cause devastating diseases in a wide range of crops in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Betasatellites, the circular single-stranded DNA molecules with the size of almost half of that of the associated helper begomoviruses, are often essential for the production of typical disease symptoms in several virus-host systems. Association of betasatellites with begomoviruses results in more severe symptoms in the plants and affects the yield of numerous crops leading to huge agroeconomic losses. βC1, the only protein encoded by betasatellites, plays a multifaceted role in the successful establishment of infection. This protein counteracts the innate defence mechanisms of the host, like RNA silencing, ubiquitin-proteasome system and defence responsive hormones. In the last two decades, the molecular aspect of betasatellite pathogenesis has attracted much attention from the researchers worldwide, and reports have shown that βC1 protein aggravates the helper begomovirus disease complex by modulating specific host factors. This review discusses the molecular aspects of the pathogenesis of betasatellites, including various βC1-host factor interactions and their effects on the suppression of defence responses of the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabu Gnanasekaran
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi110 067India
| | - Reddy KishoreKumar
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi110 067India
| | - Dhriti Bhattacharyya
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi110 067India
| | - R. Vinoth Kumar
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi110 067India
| | - Supriya Chakraborty
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi110 067India
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Bi J, Yang Y, Chen B, Zhao J, Chen Z, Song B, Chen J, Yan F. Retardation of the Calvin Cycle Contributes to the Reduced CO 2 Assimilation Ability of Rice Stripe Virus-Infected N. benthamiana and Suppresses Viral Infection. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:568. [PMID: 30949155 PMCID: PMC6435541 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice stripe virus (RSV) is naturally transmitted by the small brown planthopper and infects plants of the family Poaceae. Under laboratory conditions, RSV can infect Nicotiana benthamiana by mechanical inoculation, providing a useful system to study RSV–plant interactions. Measurements of CO2 assimilation ability and PSII photochemical efficiency showed that these were both reduced in N. benthamiana plants infected by RSV. These plants also had decreased expression of the N. benthamiana Phosphoribulokinases (NbPRKs), the key gene in the Calvin cycle. When the NbPRKs were silenced using the TRV-Virus Induced Gene Silencing system, the plants had decreased CO2 assimilation ability, indicating that the downregulated expression of NbPRKs contributes to the reduced CO2 assimilation ability of RSV-infected plants. Additionally, NbPRKs-silenced plants were more resistant to RSV. Similarly, resistance was enhanced by silencing of either N. benthamiana Rubisco small subunit (NbRbCS) or Phosphoglycerate kinase (NbPGK), two other key genes in the Calvin cycle. Conversely, transgenic plants overexpressing NbPRK1 were more susceptible to RSV infection. The results suggest that a normally functional Calvin cycle may be necessary for RSV infection of N. benthamiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji'an Bi
- Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yong Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binghua Chen
- Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jinping Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Baoan Song
- Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Fei Yan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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65
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Zhao W, Wang Q, Xu Z, Liu R, Cui F. Immune responses induced by different genotypes of the disease-specific protein of Rice stripe virus in the vector insect. Virology 2019; 527:122-131. [PMID: 30500711 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Persistent plant viruses circulate between host plants and vector insects, possibly leading to the genetic divergence in viral populations. We analyzed the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Rice stripe virus (RSV) when it incubated in the small brown planthopper and rice. Two SNPs, which lead to nonsynonymous substitutions in the disease-specific protein (SP) of RSV, produced three genotypes, i.e., GG, AA and GA. The GG type mainly existed in the early infection period of RSV in the planthoppers and was gradually substituted by the other two genotypes during viral transmission. The two SNPs did not affect the interactions of SP with rice PsbP or with RSV coat protein. The GG genotype of SP induced stronger immune responses than those of the other two genotypes in the pattern recognition molecule and immune-responsive effector pathways. These findings demonstrated the population variations of RSV during the circulation between the vector insect and host plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qianshuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Zhongtian Xu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Renyi Liu
- Center for Agroforestry Mega Data Science and FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Feng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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66
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Zhao J, Xu J, Chen B, Cui W, Zhou Z, Song X, Chen Z, Zheng H, Lin L, Peng J, Lu Y, Deng Z, Chen J, Yan F. Characterization of Proteins Involved in Chloroplast Targeting Disturbed by Rice Stripe Virus by Novel Protoplast⁻Chloroplast Proteomics. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E253. [PMID: 30634635 PMCID: PMC6358847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice stripe virus (RSV) is one of the most devastating viral pathogens in rice and can also cause the general chlorosis symptom in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. The chloroplast changes associated with chlorosis symptom suggest that RSV interrupts normal chloroplast functions. Although the change of proteins of the whole cell or inside the chloroplast in response to RSV infection have been revealed by proteomics, the mechanisms resulted in chloroplast-related symptoms and the crucial factors remain to be elucidated. RSV infection caused the malformation of chloroplast structure and a global reduction of chloroplast membrane protein complexes in N. benthamiana plants. Here, both the protoplast proteome and the chloroplast proteome were acquired simultaneously upon RSV infection, and the proteins in each fraction were analyzed. In the protoplasts, 1128 proteins were identified, among which 494 proteins presented significant changes during RSV; meanwhile, 659 proteins were identified from the chloroplasts, and 279 of these chloroplast proteins presented significant change. According to the label-free LC⁻MS/MS data, 66 nucleus-encoded chloroplast-related proteins (ChRPs), which only reduced in chloroplast but not in the whole protoplast, were identified, indicating that these nuclear-encoded ChRPswere not transported to chloroplasts during RSV infection. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis confirmed that RSV infection changed the biological process of protein targeting to chloroplast, where 3 crucial ChRPs (K4CSN4, K4CR23, and K4BXN9) were involved in the regulation of protein targeting into chloroplast. In addition to these 3 proteins, 41 among the 63 candidate proteins were characterized to have chloroplast transit peptides. These results indicated that RSV infection changed the biological process of protein targeting into chloroplast and the location of ChRPs through crucial protein factors, which illuminated a new layer of RSV⁻host interaction that might contribute to the symptom development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Texas A&M University AgriLife Research Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75252, USA.
| | - Jingjing Xu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Binghua Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
- Center of Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Weijun Cui
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Zhongjing Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Xijiao Song
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Zhuo Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Center of Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Hongying Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Lin Lin
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Jiejun Peng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Yuwen Lu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Zhiping Deng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Jianping Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Fei Yan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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Srilatha P, Yousuf F, Methre R, Vishnukiran T, Agarwal S, Poli Y, Raghurami Reddy M, Vidyasagar B, Shanker C, Krishnaveni D, Triveni S, Brajendra, Praveen S, Balachandran S, Subrahmanyam D, Mangrauthia SK. Physical interaction of RTBV ORFI with D1 protein of Oryza sativa and Fe/Zn homeostasis play a key role in symptoms development during rice tungro disease to facilitate the insect mediated virus transmission. Virology 2019; 526:117-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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68
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Lu L, Wu S, Jiang J, Liang J, Zhou X, Wu J. Whole genome deep sequencing revealed host impact on population structure, variation and evolution of Rice stripe virus. Virology 2018; 524:32-44. [PMID: 30142571 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput deep sequencing and variant detection showed that variations of Rice stripe virus (RSV) populations obtained from small brown planthopper-transmitted rice plants and sap-inoculated N. benthamiana plants were single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertion-deletions (InDels). The SNPs were more uniform across RSV genome, but InDels occurred mainly in the intergenic regions (IRs) and in the 5' or 3' noncoding regions. There were no clear patterns of InDels, although the inserted sequences were all from virus itself. Six, one, and one non-synonymous substitutions were respectively observed in the RdRP ORF, IR and the movement protein ORF. These non-synonymous substitutions were found to be stable, resulting in new consensus sequences in the NBL11 RSV population. Furthermore, the numbers of SNPs and InDels in RSV genome from N. benthamiana plants were much higher than that from O. sativa plants. These differences are likely caused by selection pressures generated by different host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
| | - Sanling Wu
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Life and Environment Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
| | - Jun Jiang
- Kaifeng Xiangfu Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Kaifeng, Henan 475100, PR China.
| | - Jingting Liang
- Department of Applied Biological Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Jianxiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
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69
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DeBlasio SL, Xu Y, Johnson RS, Rebelo AR, MacCoss MJ, Gray SM, Heck M. The Interaction Dynamics of Two Potato Leafroll Virus Movement Proteins Affects Their Localization to the Outer Membranes of Mitochondria and Plastids. Viruses 2018; 10:E585. [PMID: 30373157 PMCID: PMC6265731 DOI: 10.3390/v10110585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Luteoviridae is an agriculturally important family of viruses whose replication and transport are restricted to plant phloem. Their genomes encode for four proteins that regulate viral movement. These include two structural proteins that make up the capsid and two non-structural proteins known as P3a and P17. Little is known about how these proteins interact with each other and the host to coordinate virus movement within and between cells. We used quantitative, affinity purification-mass spectrometry to show that the P3a protein of Potato leafroll virus complexes with virus and that this interaction is partially dependent on P17. Bimolecular complementation assays (BiFC) were used to validate that P3a and P17 self-interact as well as directly interact with each other. Co-localization with fluorescent-based organelle markers demonstrates that P3a directs P17 to the mitochondrial outer membrane while P17 regulates the localization of the P3a-P17 heterodimer to plastids. Residues in the C-terminus of P3a were shown to regulate P3a association with host mitochondria by using mutational analysis and also varying BiFC tag orientation. Collectively, our work reveals that the PLRV movement proteins play a game of intracellular hopscotch along host organelles to transport the virus to the cell periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy L DeBlasio
- United States Department of Agriculture, Biological Integrated Pest Management Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, 538 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Yi Xu
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrated Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Richard S Johnson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98109, USA.
| | - Ana Rita Rebelo
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Michael J MacCoss
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98109, USA.
| | - Stewart M Gray
- United States Department of Agriculture, Biological Integrated Pest Management Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, 538 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrated Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Michelle Heck
- United States Department of Agriculture, Biological Integrated Pest Management Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, 538 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrated Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Chiumenti M, Catacchio CR, Miozzi L, Pirovano W, Ventura M, Pantaleo V. A Short Indel-Lacking-Resistance Gene Triggers Silencing of the Photosynthetic Machinery Components Through TYLCSV-Associated Endogenous siRNAs in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1470. [PMID: 30364213 PMCID: PMC6193080 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses modify gene expression in infected tissues by altering the micro (mi)RNA-mediated regulation of genes. Among conserved miRNA targets there are transcripts coding for transcription factors, RNA silencing core, and disease-resistance proteins. Paralogs in these gene families are widely present in plant genomes and are known to respond differently to miRNA-mediated regulation during plant virus infections. Using genome-wide approaches applied to Solanum lycopersicum infected by a nuclear-replicating virus, we highlighted miRNA-mediated cleavage events that could not be revealed in virus-free systems. Among them we confirmed miR6024 targeting and cleavage of RX-coiled-coil (RX-CC), nucleotide binding site (NBS), leucine-rich (LRR) mRNA. Cleavage of paralogs was associated with short indels close to the target sites, indicating a general functional significance of indels in fine-tuning gene expression in plant-virus interaction. miR6024-mediated cleavage, uniquely in virus-infected tissues, triggers the production of several 21-22 nt secondary siRNAs. These secondary siRNAs, rather than being involved in the cascade regulation of other NBS-LRR paralogs, explained cleavages of several mRNAs annotated as defence-related proteins and components of the photosynthetic machinery. Outputs of these data explain part of the phenotype plasticity in plants, including the appearance of yellowing symptoms in the viral pathosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Chiumenti
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection of the National Research Council, Research Unit of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Laura Miozzi
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection of the National Research Council, Research Unit of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Mario Ventura
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Vitantonio Pantaleo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection of the National Research Council, Research Unit of Bari, Bari, Italy
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71
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Hou H, Hu Y, Wang Q, Xu X, Qian Y, Zhou X. Gene Expression Profiling Shows That NbFDN1 Is Involved in Modulating the Hypersensitive Response-Like Cell Death Induced by the Oat dwarf virus RepA Protein. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2018; 31:1006-1020. [PMID: 29649964 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-12-17-0291-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used high-throughput deep nucleotide sequencing to characterize the global transcriptional response of Nicotiana benthamiana plants to transient expression of the RepA protein from Oat dwarf virus (ODV). We identified 7,878 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEG) that mapped to 125 pathways, suggesting that comprehensive networks are involved in regulation of RepA-induced cell death. Of the 202 DEG associated with photosynthesis, expression of 195 was found to be downregulated, indicating a significant inhibition of photosynthesis in response to RepA expression, which is associated with chloroplast disruption and physiological changes. We focused our analysis on NbFDN1, a member of the ferredoxin protein family that participates in the chloroplast electron transport chain performing oxygenic photosynthesis, which was identified to directly interact with NbTsip1. We separately knocked down the expression of NbFDN1 and NbTsip1 using virus-induced gene silencing, and found that NbFDN1 silencing speeded up the development of RepA-induced cell death, unlike NbTsip1 silencing, which showed an opposite effect on RepA-induced response. Further study showed increased H2O2 accumulation and a negative correlation between the transcripts of NbFDN1 and NbTsip1 in NbFDN1-silenced plants. Hence, we speculate that NbFDN1 has an effect on RepA-induced hypersensitive response-like response by modulating NbTsip1 transcription as well as H2O2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huwei Hou
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Ya Hu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Qian Wang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Xiongbiao Xu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Yajuan Qian
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Xueping Zhou
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; and
- 2 State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
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DeBlasio SL, Rebelo AR, Parks K, Gray SM, Heck MC. Disruption of Chloroplast Function Through Downregulation of Phytoene Desaturase Enhances the Systemic Accumulation of an Aphid-Borne, Phloem-Restricted Virus. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2018; 31:1095-1110. [PMID: 29767548 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-03-18-0057-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts play a central role in pathogen defense in plants. However, most studies explaining the relationship between pathogens and chloroplasts have focused on pathogens that infect mesophyll cells. In contrast, the family Luteoviridae includes RNA viruses that replicate and traffic exclusively in the phloem. Recently, our lab has shown that Potato leafroll virus (PLRV), the type species in the genus Polerovirus, forms an extensive interaction network with chloroplast-localized proteins that is partially dependent on the PLRV capsid readthrough domain (RTD). In this study, we used virus-induced gene silencing to disrupt chloroplast function and assess the effects on PLRV accumulation in two host species. Silencing of phytoene desaturase (PDS), a key enzyme in carotenoid, chlorophyll, and gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis, resulted in a substantial increase in the systemic accumulation of PLRV. This increased accumulation was attenuated when plants were infected with a viral mutant that does not express the RTD. Application of GA partially suppressed the increase in virus accumulation in PDS-silenced plants, suggesting that GA signaling also plays a role in limiting PLRV infection. In addition, the fecundity of the aphid vector of PLRV was increased when fed on PDS-silenced plants relative to PLRV-infected plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy L DeBlasio
- 1 USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A
- 2 Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A.; and
| | - Ana Rita Rebelo
- 2 Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A.; and
| | - Katherine Parks
- 2 Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A.; and
| | - Stewart M Gray
- 1 USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A
- 3 Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A
| | - Michelle C Heck
- 1 USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A
- 2 Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A.; and
- 3 Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A
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73
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Li K, Wu G, Li M, Ma M, Du J, Sun M, Sun X, Qing L. Transcriptome analysis of Nicotiana benthamiana infected by Tobacco curly shoot virus. Virol J 2018; 15:138. [PMID: 30176884 PMCID: PMC6122796 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-1044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco curly shoot virus (TbCSV) is a monopartite begomovirus associated with betasatellite (Tobacco curly shoot betasatellite, TbCSB), which causes serious leaf curl disease on tomato and tobacco in China. It is interesting that TbCSV induced severe upward leaf curling in Nicotiana benthamiana, but in the presence of TbCSB, symptoms changed to be downward leaf curling. However, the mechanism of interactions between viral pathogenicity, host defense, viral-betasatellite interactions and virus-host interactions remains unclear. METHODS In this study, RNA-seq was used to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in N. benthamiana plants infected by TbCSV (Y35A) and TbCSV together with TbCSB (Y35AB) respectively. RESULTS Through mapping to N. benthamiana reference genome, 59,814 unigenes were identified. Transcriptome analysis revealed that a total of 4081 and 3196 DEGs were identified in Y35AB vs CK (control check) and Y35A vs CK, respectively. Both GO and KEGG analyses were conducted to classify the DEGs. Ten of the top 15 GO terms were enriched in both DEGs of Y35AB vs CK and Y35A vs CK, and these enriched GO terms mainly classified into three categories including biological process, cellular component and molecular function. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that 118 and 111 pathways were identified in Y35AB vs CK and Y35A vs CK, respectively, of which nine and six pathways were significantly enriched. Three major pathways in Y35AB vs CK involved in metabolic pathways, carbon metabolism and photosynthesis, while those in Y35A vs CK were related to Ribosome, Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism and DNA replication. We observed that 8 PR genes were significantly up-regulated and 44 LRR-RLK genes were significantly differentially expressed in Y35A treatment or in Y35AB treatment. In addition, 7 and 13 genes were identified to be significantly changed in biosynthesis and signal transduction pathway of brassinosteroid (BR) and jasmonic acid (JA) respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results presented here would be particularly useful to further elucidate the response of the host plant against virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
| | - Gentu Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingjun Li
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingge Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiang Du
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
| | - Miao Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianchao Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Qing
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
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Chen L, Yang D, Zhang Y, Wu L, Zhang Y, Ye L, Pan C, He Y, Huang L, Ruan YL, Lu G. Evidence for a specific and critical role of mitogen-activated protein kinase 20 in uni-to-binucleate transition of microgametogenesis in tomato. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:176-194. [PMID: 29668051 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) regulate diverse aspects of plant growth. However, their potential role in reproductive development remains elusive. Here, we discovered an unique role of SlMPK20, a plant-specific group D MAPK, in pollen development in tomato. RNAi-mediated suppression of SlMPK20 or its knockout using CRISPR/Cas9 significantly reduced or completely abolished pollen viability, respectively, with no effects on maternal fertility. Cell biology and gene expression analyses established that SlMPK20 exerts its role specifically at the uni-to-binucleate transition during microgametogenesis. This assertion is based on the findings that the transgenic pollen was largely arrested at the binucleate stage with the appearance of subcellular abnormality at the middle uninucleate microspore stage; and SlMPK20 mRNA and SlMPK20-GUS signals were localized in the tetrads, uninuclear microspores and binuclear pollen grains but not in microspore mother cells or mature pollen grains. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed that knockout of SlMPK20 significantly reduced the expression of a large number of genes controlling sugar and auxin metabolism and signaling in anthers. Finally, protein-protein interaction assays identified SlMYB32 as a putative target protein of SlMPK20. We conclude that SlMPK20 specifically regulates post-meiotic pollen development through modulating sugar and auxin metabolism and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Biotechnology, Agricultural Ministry of China, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dandan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Biotechnology, Agricultural Ministry of China, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Youwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Biotechnology, Agricultural Ministry of China, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Limin Wu
- Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement and School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Yaoyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Biotechnology, Agricultural Ministry of China, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Biotechnology, Agricultural Ministry of China, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Changtian Pan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Biotechnology, Agricultural Ministry of China, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yanjun He
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Biotechnology, Agricultural Ministry of China, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Li Huang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Biotechnology, Agricultural Ministry of China, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yong-Ling Ruan
- Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement and School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Gang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Biotechnology, Agricultural Ministry of China, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Sun Q, Li YY, Wang Y, Zhao HH, Zhao TY, Zhang ZY, Li DW, Yu JL, Wang XB, Zhang YL, Han CG. Brassica yellows virus P0 protein impairs the antiviral activity of NbRAF2 in Nicotiana benthamiana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3127-3139. [PMID: 29659986 PMCID: PMC5972614 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In interactions between poleroviruses and their hosts, few cellular proteins have been identified that directly interact with the multifunctional virus P0 protein. To help explore the functions of P0, we identified a Brassica yellows virus genotype A (BrYV-A) P0BrA-interacting protein from Nicotiana benthamiana, Rubisco assembly factor 2 (NbRAF2), which localizes in the nucleus, cell periphery, chloroplasts, and stromules. We found that its C-terminal domain (amino acids 183-211) is required for self-interaction. A split ubiquitin membrane-bound yeast two-hybrid system and co-immunoprecipitation assays showed that NbRAF2 interacted with P0BrA, and co-localized in the nucleus and at the cell periphery. Interestingly, the nuclear pool of NbRAF2 decreased in the presence of P0BrA and during BrYV-A infection, and the P0BrA-mediated reduction of nuclear NbRAF2 required dual localization of NbRAF2 in the chloroplasts and nucleus. Tobacco rattle virus-based virus-induced gene silencing of NbRAF2 promoted BrYV-A infection in N. benthamiana, and the overexpression of nuclear NbRAF2 inhibited BrYV-A accumulation. Potato leafroll virus P0PL also interacted with NbRAF2 and decreased its nuclear accumulation, indicating that NbRAF2 may be a common target of poleroviruses. These results suggest that nuclear NbRAF2 possesses antiviral activity against BrYV-A infection, and that BrYV-A P0BrA interacts with NbRAF2 and alters its localization pattern to facilitate virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hang-Hai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zong-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R., China
| | - Jia-Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R., China
| | - Xian-Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R., China
| | - Yong-Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R., China
| | - Cheng-Gui Han
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
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Fu S, Xu Y, Li C, Li Y, Wu J, Zhou X. Rice Stripe Virus Interferes with S-acylation of Remorin and Induces Its Autophagic Degradation to Facilitate Virus Infection. MOLECULAR PLANT 2018; 11:269-287. [PMID: 29229567 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Remorins are plant-specific membrane-associated proteins and were proposed to play crucial roles in plant-pathogen interactions. However, little is known about how pathogens counter remorin-mediated host responses. In this study, by quantitative whole-proteome analysis we found that the remorin protein (NbREM1) is downregulated early in Rice stripe virus (RSV) infection. We further discovered that the turnover of NbREM1 is regulated by S-acylation modification and its degradation is mediated mainly through the autophagy pathway. Interestingly, RSV can interfere with the S-acylation of NbREM1, which is required to negatively regulate RSV infection by restricting virus cell-to-cell trafficking. The disruption of NbREM1 S-acylation affects its targeting to the plasma membrane microdomain, and the resulting accumulation of non-targeted NbREM1 is subjected to autophagic degradation, causing downregulation of NbREM1. Moreover, we found that RSV-encoded movement protein, NSvc4, alone can interfere with NbREM1 S-acylation through binding with the C-terminal domain of NbREM1 the S-acylation of OsREM1.4, the homologous remorin of NbREM1, and thus remorin-mediated defense against RSV in rice, the original host of RSV, indicating that downregulation of the remorin protein level by interfering with its S-acylation is a common strategy adopted by RSV to overcome remorin-mediated inhibition of virus movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chenyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianxiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Lan H, Hong X, Huang R, Lin X, Li Q, Li K, Zhou T. RNA interference-mediated knockdown and virus-induced suppression of Troponin C gene adversely affect the behavior or fitness of the green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 97:e21438. [PMID: 29193300 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps, is a major rice pest in Southeast Asia and Southern China. Novel control strategies must be explored to control the rice pest. Behavior or fitness regulation of insect by modulating the Troponin C (TnC) may be a novel strategy in the comprehensive management of the insect pest. However, characterizations and functions of TnC, especially regarding effect of its RNA interference-mediated gene knockdown on the behavior or fitness of N. cincticeps remain unknown. Here, we successfully cloned and characterized TnC gene from N. cincticeps (Nc-TnC). We demonstrated that Nc-TnC ubiquitously transcribed at all development stages and special tissues in adult insects, with relative higher levels at the adult stage and in the intestinal canal. Microinjection- or oral membrane feeding-based transient knockdown of Nc-TnC adversely affected the performance or fitness, such as the decreased survival, feeding capacity, weight, and fecundity of N. cincticeps. Furthermore, we revealed that the expression of Nc-TnC was suppressed by its interaction with rice dwarf virus-encoded nonstructural protein 10, which ultimately affected detrimentally the corresponding parameters of the performance or fitness of N. cincticeps. In conclusion, our data deepen understanding of Nc-TnC functions during the development of and viral infection in N. cincticeps. It imply Nc-TnC may serve as a potential target for N. cincticeps control in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanhong Lan
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Hong
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, PR China
| | - Ranran Huang
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, PR China
| | - Xin Lin
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, PR China
| | - Qinghuang Li
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, PR China
| | - Kaihui Li
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, PR China
| | - Tao Zhou
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, PR China
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78
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Bhattacharyya D, Chakraborty S. Chloroplast: the Trojan horse in plant-virus interaction. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:504-518. [PMID: 28056496 PMCID: PMC6638057 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast is one of the most dynamic organelles of a plant cell. It carries out photosynthesis, synthesizes major phytohormones, plays an active part in the defence response and is crucial for interorganelle signalling. Viruses, on the other hand, are extremely strategic in manipulating the internal environment of the host cell. The chloroplast, a prime target for viruses, undergoes enormous structural and functional damage during viral infection. Indeed, large proportions of affected gene products in a virus-infected plant are closely associated with the chloroplast and the process of photosynthesis. Although the chloroplast is deficient in gene silencing machinery, it elicits the effector-triggered immune response against viral pathogens. Virus infection induces the organelle to produce an extensive network of stromules which are involved in both viral propagation and antiviral defence. From studies over the last few decades, the involvement of the chloroplast in the regulation of plant-virus interaction has become increasingly evident. This review presents an exhaustive account of these facts, with their implications for pathogenicity. We have attempted to highlight the intricacies of chloroplast-virus interactions and to explain the existing gaps in our current knowledge, which will enable virologists to utilize chloroplast genome-based antiviral resistance in economically important crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhriti Bhattacharyya
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi110 067India
| | - Supriya Chakraborty
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi110 067India
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79
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Qiu Y, Zhang Y, Wang C, Lei R, Wu Y, Li X, Zhu S. Cucumber mosaic virus coat protein induces the development of chlorotic symptoms through interacting with the chloroplast ferredoxin I protein. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1205. [PMID: 29352213 PMCID: PMC5775247 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19525-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infection could induce mosaic symptoms on a wide-range of host plants. However, there is still limited information regarding the molecular mechanism underlying the development of the symptoms. In this study, the coat protein (CP) was confirmed as the symptom determinant by exchanging the CP between a chlorosis inducing CMV-M strain and a green-mosaic inducing CMV-Q strain. A yeast two-hybrid analysis and bimolecular fluorescence complementation revealed that the chloroplast ferredoxin I (Fd I) protein interacted with the CP of CMV-M both in vitro and in vivo, but not with the CP of CMV-Q. The severity of chlorosis was directly related to the expression of Fd1, that was down-regulated in CMV-M but not in CMV-Q. Moreover, the silencing of Fd I induced chlorosis symptoms that were similar to those elicited by CMV-M. Subsequent analyses indicated that the CP of CMV-M interacted with the precursor of Fd I in the cytoplasm and disrupted the transport of Fd I into chloroplasts, leading to the suppression of Fd I functions during a viral infection. Collectively, our findings accentuate that the interaction between the CP of CMV and Fd I is the primary determinant for the induction of chlorosis in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Qiu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yongjiang Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Chaonan Wang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
- China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100129, China
| | - Rong Lei
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yupin Wu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China.
| | - Xinshi Li
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China.
| | - Shuifang Zhu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China.
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80
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Mei Y, Yang X, Huang C, Zhang X, Zhou X. Tomato leaf curl Yunnan virus-encoded C4 induces cell division through enhancing stability of Cyclin D 1.1 via impairing NbSKη -mediated phosphorylation in Nicotiana benthamiana. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006789. [PMID: 29293689 PMCID: PMC5766254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses induce severe developmental abnormalities in plants. Geminivirus-encoded C4 protein functions as one of viral symptom determinants that could induce abnormal cell division. However, the molecular mechanism by which C4 contributes to cell division induction remains unclear. Here we report that tomato leaf curl Yunnan virus (TLCYnV) C4 interacts with a glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)/SHAGGY-like kinase, designed NbSKη, in Nicotiana benthamiana. Pro32, Asn34 and Thr35 of TLCYnV C4 are critical for its interaction with NbSKη and required for C4-induced typical symptoms. Interestingly, TLCYnV C4 directs NbSKη to the membrane and reduces the nuclear-accumulation of NbSKη. The relocalization of NbSKη impairs phosphorylation dependent degradation on its substrate-Cyclin D1.1 (NbCycD1;1), thereby increasing the accumulation level of NbCycD1;1 and inducing the cell division. Moreover, NbSKη-RNAi, 35S::NbCycD1;1 transgenic N. benthamiana plants have the similar phenotype as 35S::C4 transgenic N. benthamiana plants on callus-like tissue formation resulted from abnormal cell division induction. Thus, this study provides new insights into mechanism of how a viral protein hijacks NbSKη to induce abnormal cell division in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiuling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changjun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America
| | - Xiuren Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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81
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Liu Z, Li X, Sun F, Zhou T, Zhou Y. Overexpression of OsCIPK30 Enhances Plant Tolerance to Rice stripe virus. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2322. [PMID: 29225594 PMCID: PMC5705616 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice stripe virus (RSV) causes a severe disease in Oryza sativa (rice) in many Eastern Asian countries. The NS3 protein of RSV is a viral suppressor of RNA silencing, but plant host factors interacting with NS3 have not been reported yet. Here, we present evidence that expression of RSV NS3 in Arabidopsis thaliana causes developmental abnormalities. Through yeast two-hybrid screening and a luciferase complementation imaging assay, we demonstrate that RSV NS3 interacted with OsCIPK30, a CBL (calcineurin B-like proteins)-interaction protein kinase protein. Furthermore, OsCIPK30 was overexpressed to investigate the function of OsCIPK30 in rice. Our investigation showed that overexpression of OsCIPK30 in rice could delay the RSV symptoms and show milder RSV symptoms. In addition, the expression of pathogenesis-related genes was increased in OsCIPK30 transgenic rice. These results suggest that overexpression of OsCIPK30 positively regulates pathogenesis-related genes to enhance the tolerance to RSV in rice. Our findings provide new insight into the molecular mechanism underlying resistance to RSV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Technical Service Center of Diagnosis and Detection for Plant Virus Diseases, Nanjing, China.,Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Nanjing, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuejuan Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Technical Service Center of Diagnosis and Detection for Plant Virus Diseases, Nanjing, China.,Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Nanjing, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Technical Service Center of Diagnosis and Detection for Plant Virus Diseases, Nanjing, China.,Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Nanjing, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Technical Service Center of Diagnosis and Detection for Plant Virus Diseases, Nanjing, China.,Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Nanjing, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Technical Service Center of Diagnosis and Detection for Plant Virus Diseases, Nanjing, China.,Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Nanjing, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
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82
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Zheng L, Zhang C, Shi C, Yang Z, Wang Y, Zhou T, Sun F, Wang H, Zhao S, Qin Q, Qiao R, Ding Z, Wei C, Xie L, Wu J, Li Y. Rice stripe virus NS3 protein regulates primary miRNA processing through association with the miRNA biogenesis factor OsDRB1 and facilitates virus infection in rice. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006662. [PMID: 28977024 PMCID: PMC5658190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs processed from primary miRNA transcripts, and plant miRNAs play important roles in plant growth, development, and response to infection by microbes. Microbial infections broadly alter miRNA biogenesis, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we report that the Rice stripe virus (RSV)-encoded nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) interacts with OsDRB1, an indispensable component of the rice (Oryza sativa) miRNA-processing complex. Moreover, the NS3-OsDRB1 interaction occurs at the sites required for OsDRB1 self-interaction, which is essential for miRNA biogenesis. Further analysis revealed that NS3 acts as a scaffold between OsDRB1 and pri-miRNAs to regulate their association and aids in vivo processing of pri-miRNAs. Genetic evidence in Arabidopsis showed that NS3 can partially substitute for the function of double-stranded RNA binding domain (dsRBD) of AtDRB1/AtHYL1 during miRNA biogenesis. As a result, NS3 induces the accumulation of several miRNAs, most of which target pivotal genes associated with development or pathogen resistance. In contrast, a mutant version of NS3 (mNS3), which still associated with OsDRB1 but has defects in pri-miRNA binding, reduces accumulation of these miRNAs. Transgenic rice lines expressing NS3 exhibited significantly higher susceptibility to RSV infection compared with non-transgenic wild-type plants, whereas the transgenic lines expressing mNS3 showed a less-sensitive response. Our findings revealed a previously unknown mechanism in which a viral protein hijacks OsDRB1, a key component of the processing complex, for miRNA biogenesis and enhances viral infection and pathogenesis in rice. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level and have emerged as key players in regulating plant growth, development and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Accumulating evidences suggest that miRNAs are pivotal modulators of host–virus interactions, but how virus regulates miRNA accumulation remains poorly understood. Here, we report that NS3 protein encoded by Rice stripe virus (RSV) regulates the processing of several primary miRNA transcripts (pri-miRNAs) by acting as an intermediary to modulate the association of pri-miRNAs and OsDRB1, a key factor of the pri-miRNA processing complex. NS3 increases recruitment of pri-miRNA to the processing complex by its association with OsDRB1 at the sites required for OsDRB1 dimer formation and induces several miRNAs accumulations as well as target genes repression, promoting the sensitivity of rice to RSV infection. Together these findings reveal a novel mechanism by which RSV regulates pri-miRNA processing, leading to enhanced viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chaonan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhirui Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingqing Qin
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Qiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zuomei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chunhong Wei
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lianhui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- * E-mail: (YL); (JW); (LX)
| | - Jianguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- * E-mail: (YL); (JW); (LX)
| | - Yi Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (YL); (JW); (LX)
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83
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Han S, Liu H, Yan M, Qi F, Wang Y, Sun Z, Huang B, Dong W, Tang F, Zhang X, He G. Differential gene expression in leaf tissues between mutant and wild-type genotypes response to late leaf spot in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183428. [PMID: 28841668 PMCID: PMC5571927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Late leaf spot (LLS) is a major foliar disease in peanut (A. hypogaea L.) worldwide, causing significant losses of potential yield in the absence of fungicide applications. Mutants are important materials to study the function of disease-related genes. In this study, the mutant line M14 was derived from cultivar Yuanza 9102 treated with EMS. Yuanza 9102 was selected from an interspecific cross of cultivar Baisha 1016 with A. diogoi, and is resistant to several fungal diseases. By contrast, the M14 was highly susceptible to late leaf spot. RNA-Seq analysis in the leaf tissues of the M14 and its wild type Yuanza 9102 under pathogen challenge showed 2219 differentially expressed genes including1317 up-regulated genes and 902 down-regulated genes. Of these genes, 1541, 1988, 1344, 643 and 533 unigenes were obtained and annotated by public protein databases of SwissPort, TrEMBL, gene ontology (GO), KEGG and clusters of orthologous groups (COG), respectively. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that expression of inducible pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins was significantly up-regulated; in the meantime DEGs related to photosynthesis were down-regulated in the susceptible M14 in comparison to the resistant WT. Moreover, the up-regulated WRKY transcription factors and down-regulated plant hormones related to plant growth were detected in the M14. The results suggest that down-regulated chloroplast genes, up-regulated WRKY transcription factors, and depressed plant hormones related to plant growth in the M14 might coordinately render the susceptibility though there was a significant high level of PRs. Those negative effectors might be triggered in the susceptible plant by fungal infection and resulted in reduction of photosynthesis and phytohormones and led to symptom formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suoyi Han
- Industrial Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Environment and Nutrition Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Hua Liu
- Industrial Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mei Yan
- Industrial Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Feiyan Qi
- Industrial Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ziqi Sun
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bingyan Huang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenzhao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huanghuaihai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fengshou Tang
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huanghuaihai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinyou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huanghuaihai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guohao He
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Environment and Nutrition Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama, United States of America
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84
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Huang C, Cun Y, Yu H, Tong Z, Xiao B, Song Z, Wang B, Li Y, Liu Y. Transcriptomic profile of tobacco in response to Tomato zonate spot orthotospovirus infection. Virol J 2017; 14:153. [PMID: 28807054 PMCID: PMC5557316 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0821-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tomato zonate spot virus (TZSV), a dominant species of thrips-transmitted orthotospoviruses in Yunnan and Guangxi provinces in China, causes significant loss of yield in lots of crops and is a major threat to incomes of rural families. However, the detailed molecular mechanism of crop disease caused by TZSV remains obscure. METHODS Next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq) was performed to investigate and compare the gene expression changes in systemic leaves of tobacco upon infection with TZSV and mock-inoculated plants as a control. RESULTS De novo assembly and analysis of tobacco transcriptome data by RNA-Seq identified 135,395 unigenes. 2102 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained in tobacco with TZSV infection, among which 1518 DEGs were induced and 584 were repressed. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs were associated with multiple biological functions, including metabolic process, oxidation-reduction process, photosynthesis process, protein kinase activity. The KEGG pathway analysis of these DEGs indicated that pathogenesis caused by TZSV may affect multiple processes including primary and secondary metabolism, photosynthesis and plant-pathogen interactions. CONCLUSION Our global survey of transcriptional changes in TZSV infected tobacco provides crucial information into the precise molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenesis and symptom development. This is the first report on the relationships in the TZSV-plant interaction using transcriptome analysis. Findings of present study will significantly help enhance our understanding of the complicated mechanisms of plant responses to orthotospoviral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Huang
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming, 650021 China
| | - Yupeng Cun
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming, 650021 China
| | - Haiqin Yu
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming, 650021 China
| | - Zhijun Tong
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming, 650021 China
| | - Bingguang Xiao
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming, 650021 China
| | - Zhongbang Song
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming, 650021 China
| | - Bingwu Wang
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming, 650021 China
| | - Yongping Li
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming, 650021 China
| | - Yong Liu
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming, 650021 China
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85
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Tsai CC, Wu YJ, Sheue CR, Liao PC, Chen YH, Li SJ, Liu JW, Chang HT, Liu WL, Ko YZ, Chiang YC. Molecular Basis Underlying Leaf Variegation of a Moth Orchid Mutant ( Phalaenopsis aphrodite subsp. formosana). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1333. [PMID: 28798769 PMCID: PMC5529386 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Leaf variegation is often the focus of plant breeding. Here, we studied a variegated mutant of Phalaenopsis aphrodite subsp. formosana, which is usually used as a parent of horticultural breeding, to understand its anatomic and genetic regulatory mechanisms in variegation. Chloroplasts with well-organized thylakoids and starch grains were found only in the mesophyll cells of green sectors but not of yellow sectors, confirming that the variegation belongs to the chlorophyll type. The two-dimensional electrophoresis and LC/MS/MS also reveal differential expressions of PsbP and PsbO between the green and yellow leaf sectors. Full-length cDNA sequencing revealed that mutant transcripts were caused by intron retention. When conditioning on the total RNA expression, we found that the functional transcript of PsbO and mutant transcript of PsbP are higher expressed in the yellow sector than in the green sector, suggesting that the post-transcriptional regulation of PsbO and PsbP differentiates the performance between green and yellow sectors. Because PsbP plays an important role in the stability of thylakoid folding, we suggest that the negative regulation of PsbP may inhibit thylakoid development in the yellow sectors. This causes chlorophyll deficiency in the yellow sectors and results in leaf variegation. We also provide evidence of the link of virus CymMV and the formation of variegation according to the differential expression of CymMV between green and yellow sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chu Tsai
- Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension StationPingtung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and TechnologyPingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Wu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho UniversityPingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Rong Sheue
- Department of Life Sciences and Research Center for Global Change Biology, National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Liao
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hao Chen
- Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension StationPingtung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ju Li
- Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension StationPingtung, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Wei Liu
- Department of Life Sciences and Research Center for Global Change Biology, National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Tsung Chang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho UniversityPingtung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lin Liu
- Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension StationPingtung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Zhu Ko
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chung Chiang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environment Biology, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
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86
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Ahmed MMS, Ji W, Wang M, Bian S, Xu M, Wang W, Zhang J, Xu Z, Yu M, Liu Q, Zhang C, Zhang H, Tang S, Gu M, Yu H. Transcriptional changes of rice in response to rice black-streaked dwarf virus. Gene 2017; 628:38-47. [PMID: 28700950 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV), a member of the genus Fijivirus in the family Reoviridae, causes significant economic losses in rice production in China and many other Asian countries. Although a great deal of effort has been made to elucidate the interactions among the virus, insect vectors, host and environmental conditions, few RBSDV proteins involved in pathogenesis have been identified, and the biological basis of disease development in rice remains largely unknown. Transcriptomic information associated with the disease development in rice would be helpful to unravel the biological mechanism. To determine how the rice transcriptome changes in response to RBSDV infection, we carried out RNA-Seq to perform a genome-wide gene expression analysis of a susceptible rice cultivar KTWYJ3. The transcriptomes of RBSDV-infected samples were compared to those of RBSDV-free (healthy) at two time points (time points are represented by group I and II). The results derived from the differential expression analysis in RBSDV-infected libraries vs. healthy ones in group I revealed that 102 out of a total of 281 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were up-regulated and 179 DEGs were down-regulated. Of the 2592 identified DEGs in group II, 1588 DEGs were up-regulated and 1004 DEGs were down-regulated. A total of 66 DEGs were commonly identified in both groups. Of these 66 DEGs, expression patterns for 36 DEGs were similar in both groups. Our analysis demonstrated that some genes related to disease defense and stress resistance were up-regulated while genes associated with chloroplast were down-regulated in response to RBSDV infection. In addition, some genes associated with plant-height were differentially expressed. This result indicates those genes might be involved in dwarf symptoms caused by RBSDV. Taken together, our results provide a genome-wide transcriptome analysis for rice plants in response to RBSDV infection which may contribute to the understanding of the regulatory mechanisms involved in rice-RBSDV interaction and the biological basis of rice black-streaked dwarf disease development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M S Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North 13314, Sudan
| | - Wen Ji
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Muyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Qingdao Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice Research and Development Center, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Shiquan Bian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Qingdao Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice Research and Development Center, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Weiyun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiangxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhihao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Meimei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qiaoquan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Changquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Honggen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shuzhu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Minghong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hengxiu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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87
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Kim H, Cho WK, Lian S, Kim KH. Identification of residues or motif(s) of the rice stripe virus NS3 protein required for self-interaction and for silencing suppressor activity. Virus Res 2017; 235:14-23. [PMID: 28392445 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Rice stripe virus (RSV) is an important pathogen of rice. The RSV genome consists of four single-stranded RNA segments that encode seven viral proteins. A previous report found that NS3 is a viral suppressor of RNA silencing and self interacts. Using a model that predicts protein structure, we identified amino acid residues or motifs, including four α-helix motifs, required for NS3 self-interaction. We then used yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays to study the interactions between full-length NS3 and its truncated and alanine substitution mutants. Y2H and BiFC results showed that the N-terminal region of NS3 is essential for self-interaction. All α-helix deletion mutants and substitution mutants lost the ability to self-interact. To identify the relationship between NS3 self-interaction and silencing suppressor activity, we used a GFP silencing system in Nicotiana benthamiana with Agrobacterium-mediated transient overexpression of each mutated NS3 protein. All of the deletion and the α-helix substitution mutants that had lost the ability to self-interact also lost their silencing suppressor ability. The substitution of amino acids with alanine at positions 70-75, 76-83, and 173-177, however, resulted in mutants that were able to self-interact but were unable to function as silencing suppressors. These results suggest that RSV requires NS3 self-interaction to suppress RNA silencing and to thereby counter host defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangil Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kyong Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sen Lian
- College of Crop Protection and Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Kook-Hyung Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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88
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Model-based structural and functional characterization of the Rice stripe tenuivirus nucleocapsid protein interacting with viral genomic RNA. Virology 2017; 506:73-83. [PMID: 28359901 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rice stripe tenuivirus (RSV) is a filamentous, negative-strand RNA virus causing severe diseases on rice in Asian countries. The viral particle is composed predominantly of a nucleocapsid protein (NP) and genomic RNA. However, the molecular details of how the RSV NP interacts with genomic RNA during particle assembly remain largely unknown. Here, we modeled the NP-RNA complex and show that polar amino acids within a predicted groove of NP are critical for RNA binding and protecting the RNA from RNase digestion. RSV NP formed pentamers, hexamers, heptamers, and octamers. By modeling the higher-order structures, we found that oligomer formation was driven by the N-terminal amino arm of the NP. Deletion of this arm abolished oligomerization; the N-terminally truncated NP was less able to interact with RNA and protect RNA than was the wild type. These findings afford valuable new insights into molecular mechanism of RSV NPs interacting with genomic RNA.
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89
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Bhor SA, Tateda C, Mochizuki T, Sekine KT, Yaeno T, Yamaoka N, Nishiguchi M, Kobayashi K. Inducible transgenic tobacco system to study the mechanisms underlying chlorosis mediated by the silencing of chloroplast heat shock protein 90. Virusdisease 2017; 28:81-92. [PMID: 28466059 PMCID: PMC5377861 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-017-0361-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorosis is one of the most common symptoms of plant diseases, including those caused by viruses and viroids. Recently, a study has shown that Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) exploits host RNA silencing machinery to modulate the virus disease symptoms through the silencing of chloroplast-targeted heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90C). To understand the molecular mechanisms of chlorosis in this viroid disease, we established an experimental system suitable for studying the mechanism underlying the chlorosis induced by the RNA silencing of Hsp90C in transgenic tobacco. Hairpin RNA of the Hsp90C-specific region was expressed under the control of a dexamethasone-inducible promoter, resulted in the silencing of Hsp90C gene in 2 days and the chlorosis along with growth suppression phenotypes. Time course study suggests that a sign of chlorosis can be monitored as early as 2 days, suggesting that this experimental model is suitable for studying the molecular events taken place before and after the onset of chlorosis. During the early phase of chlorosis development, the chloroplast- and photosynthesis-related genes were downregulated. It should be noted that some pathogenesis related genes were upregulated during the early phase of chlorosis in spite of the absence of any pathogen-derived molecules in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Ashok Bhor
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
| | - Chika Tateda
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003 Japan
| | - Tomofumi Mochizuki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531 Japan
| | - Ken-Taro Sekine
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003 Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Nakagami, Okinawa 903-0213 Japan
| | - Takashi Yaeno
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
- Research Unit for Citromics, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
| | - Naoto Yamaoka
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
| | - Masamichi Nishiguchi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
| | - Kappei Kobayashi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
- Research Unit for Citromics, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
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90
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Geng C, Yan ZY, Cheng DJ, Liu J, Tian YP, Zhu CX, Wang HY, Li XD. Tobacco vein banding mosaic virus 6K2 Protein Hijacks NbPsbO1 for Virus Replication. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43455. [PMID: 28230184 PMCID: PMC5322494 DOI: 10.1038/srep43455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chloroplast-bound vesicles are key components in viral replication complexes (VRCs) of potyviruses. The potyviral VRCs are induced by the second 6 kDa protein (6K2) and contain at least viral RNA and nuclear inclusion protein b. To date, no chloroplast protein has been identified to interact with 6K2 and involve in potyvirus replication. In this paper, we showed that the Photosystem II oxygen evolution complex protein of Nicotiana benthamiana (NbPsbO1) was a chloroplast protein interacting with 6K2 of Tobacco vein banding mosaic virus (TVBMV; genus Potyvirus) and present in the VRCs. The first 6 kDa protein (6K1) was recruited to VRCs by 6K2 but had no interaction with NbPSbO1. Knockdown of NbPsbO1 gene expression in N. benthamiana plants through virus-induced gene silencing significantly decreased the accumulation levels of TVBMV and another potyvirus Potato virus Y, but not Potato virus X of genus Potexvirus. Amino acid substitutions in 6K2 that disrupted its interaction with NbPsbO1 also affected the replication of TVBMV. NbPsbP1 and NbPsbQ1, two other components of the Photosystem II oxygen evolution complex had no interaction with 6K2 and no effect on TVBMV replication. To conclude, 6K2 recruits 6K1 to VRCs and hijacks chloroplast protein NbPsbO1 to regulate potyvirus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Geng
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Yan
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - De-Jie Cheng
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yan-Ping Tian
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Chang-Xiang Zhu
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key laboratory for Agricultural Microbiology, Tai’an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Hong-Yan Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Li
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key laboratory for Agricultural Microbiology, Tai’an, Shandong, 271018, China
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91
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Li F, Zhao N, Li Z, Xu X, Wang Y, Yang X, Liu SS, Wang A, Zhou X. A calmodulin-like protein suppresses RNA silencing and promotes geminivirus infection by degrading SGS3 via the autophagy pathway in Nicotiana benthamiana. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006213. [PMID: 28212430 PMCID: PMC5333915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A recently characterized calmodulin-like protein is an endogenous RNA silencing suppressor that suppresses sense-RNA induced post-transcriptional gene silencing (S-PTGS) and enhances virus infection, but the mechanism underlying calmodulin-like protein-mediated S-PTGS suppression is obscure. Here, we show that a calmodulin-like protein from Nicotiana benthamiana (NbCaM) interacts with Suppressor of Gene Silencing 3 (NbSGS3). Deletion analyses showed that domains essential for the interaction between NbSGS3 and NbCaM are also required for the subcellular localization of NbSGS3 and NbCaM suppressor activity. Overexpression of NbCaM reduced the number of NbSGS3-associated granules by degrading NbSGS3 protein accumulation in the cytoplasm. This NbCaM-mediated NbSGS3 degradation was sensitive to the autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine and E64d, and was compromised when key autophagy genes of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) complex were knocked down. Meanwhile, silencing of key autophagy genes within the PI3K complex inhibited geminivirus infection. Taken together these data suggest that NbCaM acts as a suppressor of RNA silencing by degrading NbSGS3 through the autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenghe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiongbiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiuling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Sheng Liu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Aiming Wang
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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92
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Wang Q, Zhang C, Wang C, Qian Y, Li Z, Hong J, Zhou X. Further characterization of Maize chlorotic mottle virus and its synergistic interaction with Sugarcane mosaic virus in maize. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39960. [PMID: 28059116 PMCID: PMC5216416 DOI: 10.1038/srep39960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) was first reported in maize in China in 2009. In this study we further analyzed the epidemiology of MCMV and corn lethal necrosis disease (CLND) in China. We determined that CLND observed in China was caused by co-infection of MCMV and sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV). Phylogenetic analysis using four full-length MCMV cDNA sequences obtained in this study and the available MCMV sequences retrieved from GenBank indicated that Chinese MCMV isolates were derived from the same source. To screen for maize germplasm resistance against MCMV infection, we constructed an infectious clone of MCMV isolate YN2 (pMCMV) and developed an Agrobacterium-mediated injection procedure to allow high throughput inoculations of maize with the MCMV infectious clone. Electron microscopy showed that chloroplast photosynthesis in leaves was significantly impeded by the co-infection of MCMV and SCMV. Mitochondria in the MCMV and SCMV co-infected cells were more severely damaged than in MCMV-infected cells. The results of this study provide further insight into the epidemiology of MCMV in China and shed new light on physiological and cytopathological changes related to CLND in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajuan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenghe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People’s Republic of China
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93
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Zhao J, Zhang X, Hong Y, Liu Y. Chloroplast in Plant-Virus Interaction. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1565. [PMID: 27757106 PMCID: PMC5047884 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, the chloroplast is the organelle that conducts photosynthesis. It has been known that chloroplast is involved in virus infection of plants for approximate 70 years. Recently, the subject of chloroplast-virus interplay is getting more and more attention. In this article we discuss the different aspects of chloroplast-virus interaction into three sections: the effect of virus infection on the structure and function of chloroplast, the role of chloroplast in virus infection cycle, and the function of chloroplast in host defense against viruses. In particular, we focus on the characterization of chloroplast protein-viral protein interactions that underlie the interplay between chloroplast and virus. It can be summarized that chloroplast is a common target of plant viruses for viral pathogenesis or propagation; and conversely, chloroplast and its components also can play active roles in plant defense against viruses. Chloroplast photosynthesis-related genes/proteins (CPRGs/CPRPs) are suggested to play a central role during the complex chloroplast-virus interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua UniversityBeijing, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Yiguo Hong
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Yule Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua UniversityBeijing, China
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94
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Zhou Y, Xu Z, Duan C, Chen Y, Meng Q, Wu J, Hao Z, Wang Z, Li M, Yong H, Zhang D, Zhang S, Weng J, Li X. Dual transcriptome analysis reveals insights into the response to Rice black-streaked dwarf virus in maize. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:4593-609. [PMID: 27493226 PMCID: PMC4973738 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Maize rough dwarf disease (MRDD) is a viral infection that results in heavy yield losses in maize worldwide, particularly in the summer maize-growing regions of China. MRDD is caused by the Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV). In the present study, analyses of microRNAs (miRNAs), the degradome, and transcriptome sequences were used to elucidate the RBSDV-responsive pathway(s) in maize. Genomic analysis indicated that the expression of three non-conserved and 28 conserved miRNAs, representing 17 known miRNA families and 14 novel miRNAs, were significantly altered in response to RBSDV when maize was inoculated at the V3 (third leaf) stage. A total of 99 target transcripts from 48 genes of 10 known miRNAs were found to be responsive to RBSDV infection. The annotations of these target genes include a SQUAMOSA promoter binding (SPB) protein, a P450 reductase, an oxidoreductase, and a ubiquitin-related gene, among others. Characterization of the entire transcriptome suggested that a total of 28 and 1085 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected at 1.5 and 3.0 d, respectively, after artificial inoculation with RBSDV. The expression patterns of cell wall- and chloroplast-related genes, and disease resistance- and stress-related genes changed significantly in response to RBSDV infection. The negatively regulated genes GRMZM2G069316 and GRMZM2G031169, which are the target genes for miR169i-p5 and miR8155, were identified as a nucleolin and a NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-fold superfamily protein in maize, respectively. The gene ontology term GO:0003824, including GRMZM2G031169 and other 51 DEGs, was designated as responsive to RBSDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Mucai Street, XiangFang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150030, China
| | - Zhennan Xu
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Mucai Street, XiangFang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150030, China
| | - Canxing Duan
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanping Chen
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling Street, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210014, China
| | - Qingchang Meng
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling Street, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210014, China
| | - Jirong Wu
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling Street, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210014, China
| | - Zhuanfang Hao
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Mucai Street, XiangFang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150030, China
| | - Mingshun Li
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongjun Yong
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Degui Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shihuang Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianfeng Weng
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinhai Li
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
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95
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Shen Q, Hu T, Bao M, Cao L, Zhang H, Song F, Xie Q, Zhou X. Tobacco RING E3 Ligase NtRFP1 Mediates Ubiquitination and Proteasomal Degradation of a Geminivirus-Encoded βC1. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:911-25. [PMID: 27018391 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The βC1 protein encoded by the Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus-associated betasatellite functions as a pathogenicity determinant. To better understand the molecular basis whereby βC1 functions in pathogenicity, a yeast two-hybrid screen of a tobacco cDNA library was carried out using βC1 as the bait. The screen revealed that βC1 interacts with a tobacco RING-finger protein designated NtRFP1, which was further confirmed by the bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-immunoprecipitation assays in Nicotiana benthamiana cells. Expression of NtRFP1 was induced by βC1, and in vitro ubiquitination assays showed that NtRFP1 is a functional E3 ubiquitin ligase that mediates βC1 ubiquitination. In addition, βC1 was shown to be ubiquitinated in vivo and degraded by the plant 26S proteasome. After viral infection, plants overexpressing NtRFP1 developed attenuated symptoms, whereas plants with silenced expression of NtRFP1 showed severe symptoms. Other lines of evidence showed that NtRFP1 attenuates βC1-induced symptoms through promoting its degradation by the 26S proteasome. Taken together, our results suggest that tobacco RING E3 ligase NtRFP1 attenuates disease symptoms by interacting with βC1 to mediate its ubiquitination and degradation via the ubiquitin/26S proteasome system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Min Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Linge Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fengmin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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96
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Li Y, Cui H, Cui X, Wang A. The altered photosynthetic machinery during compatible virus infection. Curr Opin Virol 2016; 17:19-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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97
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Zhao W, Yang P, Kang L, Cui F. Different pathogenicities of Rice stripe virus from the insect vector and from viruliferous plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 210:196-207. [PMID: 26585422 PMCID: PMC5063192 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Persistent plant viruses usually depend on insects for their transmission; they cannot be transmitted between plants or through mechanical inoculation. However, the mechanism by which persistent viruses become pathogenic in insect vectors remains unknown. In this study, we used Rice stripe virus (RSV), its insect vector Laodelphax striatellus and host plant (Oryza sativa) to explore how persistent viruses acquire pathogenicity from insect vectors. RSV acquired phytopathogenicity in both the alimentary tract and the salivary gland of L. striatellus. We mechanically inoculated RSV into rice O. sativa leaves through midrib microinjection. Insect-derived RSV induced a typical stripe symptom, whereas plant-derived RSV only produced chlorosis in rice leaves. Insect-derived RSV had higher expression of genes rdrp, ns2, nsvc2, sp and nsvc4 than plant-derived RSV, and the latter had higher expression of genes cp and ns3 than the former in rice leaves. Different from plant-derived RSV, insect-derived RSV damaged grana stacks within the chloroplast and inhibited photosynthesis by suppressing the photosystem II subunit psbp. This study not only presented a convenient method to mechanically inoculate RSV into plants, but also provided insights into the different pathogenic mechanisms of RSV from the insect vector and from viruliferous plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and RodentsInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Pengcheng Yang
- Beijing Institutes of Life ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Le Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and RodentsInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Feng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and RodentsInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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DeBlasio SL, Chavez JD, Alexander MM, Ramsey J, Eng JK, Mahoney J, Gray SM, Bruce JE, Cilia M. Visualization of Host-Polerovirus Interaction Topologies Using Protein Interaction Reporter Technology. J Virol 2016; 90:1973-87. [PMID: 26656710 PMCID: PMC4733995 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01706-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Demonstrating direct interactions between host and virus proteins during infection is a major goal and challenge for the field of virology. Most protein interactions are not binary or easily amenable to structural determination. Using infectious preparations of a polerovirus (Potato leafroll virus [PLRV]) and protein interaction reporter (PIR), a revolutionary technology that couples a mass spectrometric-cleavable chemical cross-linker with high-resolution mass spectrometry, we provide the first report of a host-pathogen protein interaction network that includes data-derived, topological features for every cross-linked site that was identified. We show that PLRV virions have hot spots of protein interaction and multifunctional surface topologies, revealing how these plant viruses maximize their use of binding interfaces. Modeling data, guided by cross-linking constraints, suggest asymmetric packing of the major capsid protein in the virion, which supports previous epitope mapping studies. Protein interaction topologies are conserved with other species in the Luteoviridae and with unrelated viruses in the Herpesviridae and Adenoviridae. Functional analysis of three PLRV-interacting host proteins in planta using a reverse-genetics approach revealed a complex, molecular tug-of-war between host and virus. Structural mimicry and diversifying selection-hallmarks of host-pathogen interactions-were identified within host and viral binding interfaces predicted by our models. These results illuminate the functional diversity of the PLRV-host protein interaction network and demonstrate the usefulness of PIR technology for precision mapping of functional host-pathogen protein interaction topologies. IMPORTANCE The exterior shape of a plant virus and its interacting host and insect vector proteins determine whether a virus will be transmitted by an insect or infect a specific host. Gaining this information is difficult and requires years of experimentation. We used protein interaction reporter (PIR) technology to illustrate how viruses exploit host proteins during plant infection. PIR technology enabled our team to precisely describe the sites of functional virus-virus, virus-host, and host-host protein interactions using a mass spectrometry analysis that takes just a few hours. Applications of PIR technology in host-pathogen interactions will enable researchers studying recalcitrant pathogens, such as animal pathogens where host proteins are incorporated directly into the infectious agents, to investigate how proteins interact during infection and transmission as well as develop new tools for interdiction and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy L DeBlasio
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York, USA USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Juan D Chavez
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mariko M Alexander
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York, USA Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - John Ramsey
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Jimmy K Eng
- University of Washington Proteomics Resources, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jaclyn Mahoney
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Stewart M Gray
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, New York, USA Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - James E Bruce
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michelle Cilia
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York, USA USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, New York, USA Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Lyu X, Shen C, Fu Y, Xie J, Jiang D, Li G, Cheng J. A Small Secreted Virulence-Related Protein Is Essential for the Necrotrophic Interactions of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum with Its Host Plants. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005435. [PMID: 26828434 PMCID: PMC4735494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Small, secreted proteins have been found to play crucial roles in interactions between biotrophic/hemi-biotrophic pathogens and plants. However, little is known about the roles of these proteins produced by broad host-range necrotrophic phytopathogens during infection. Here, we report that a cysteine-rich, small protein SsSSVP1 in the necrotrophic phytopathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was experimentally confirmed to be a secreted protein, and the secretion of SsSSVP1 from hyphae was followed by internalization and cell-to-cell movement independent of a pathogen in host cells. SsSSVP1∆SP could induce significant plant cell death and targeted silencing of SsSSVP1 resulted in a significant reduction in virulence. Through yeast two-hybrid (Y2H), coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays, we demonstrated that SsSSVP1∆SP interacted with QCR8, a subunit of the cytochrome b-c1 complex of mitochondrial respiratory chain in plants. Double site-directed mutagenesis of two cysteine residues (C38 and C44) in SsSSVP1∆SP had significant effects on its homo-dimer formation, SsSSVP1∆SP-QCR8 interaction and plant cell death induction, indicating that partial cysteine residues surely play crucial roles in maintaining the structure and function of SsSSVP1. Co-localization and BiFC assays showed that SsSSVP1∆SP might hijack QCR8 to cytoplasm before QCR8 targeting into mitochondria, thereby disturbing its subcellular localization in plant cells. Furthermore, virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) of QCR8 in tobacco caused plant abnormal development and cell death, indicating the cell death induced by SsSSVP1∆SP might be caused by the SsSSVP1∆SP-QCR8 interaction, which had disturbed the QCR8 subcellular localization and hence disabled its biological functions. These results suggest that SsSSVP1 is a potential effector which may manipulate plant energy metabolism to facilitate the infection of S. sclerotiorum. Our findings indicate novel roles of small secreted proteins in the interactions between host-non-specific necrotrophic fungi and plants, and highlight the significance to illuminate the pathogenic mechanisms of this type of interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Cuicui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yanping Fu
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiatao Xie
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Daohong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiasen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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100
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Shi B, Lin L, Wang S, Guo Q, Zhou H, Rong L, Li J, Peng J, Lu Y, Zheng H, Yang Y, Chen Z, Zhao J, Jiang T, Song B, Chen J, Yan F. Identification and regulation of host genes related to Rice stripe virus symptom production. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 209:1106-19. [PMID: 26487490 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections cause plant chlorosis, stunting, necrosis or other symptoms. The down-regulation of chloroplast-related genes (ChRGs) is assumed to be responsible for chlorosis. We identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Rice stripe virus (RSV)-infected Nicotiana benthamiana, and examined the contribution of 75 down-regulated DEGs to RSV symptoms by silencing them one by one using Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-induced gene silencing. Silencing of 11 of the 75 down-regulated DEGs caused plant chlorosis, and nine of the 11 were ChRGs. Silencing of a down-regulated DEG encoding the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) caused leaf-twisting and stunting that were visible on RSV-infected N. benthamiana. A region of RSV RNA4 was complementary to part of eIF4A mRNA and virus-derived small interfering (vsiRNAs) from that region were present in infected N. benthamiana. When expressed as artificial microRNAs, those vsiRNAs could target NbeIF4A mRNA for regulation. We provide experimental evidence supporting the association of ChRGs with chlorosis and show that eIF4A is involved in RSV symptom development. This is also the first report demonstrating that siRNA derived directly from a plant virus can target a host gene for regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbin Shi
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Lin Lin
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Shihui Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Qin Guo
- Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Lingling Rong
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Junmin Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Jiejun Peng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Yuwen Lu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Hongying Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Yong Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jinping Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Tong Jiang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Baoan Song
- Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Fei Yan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
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