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Olea-Flores M, Zuñiga-Eulogio MD, Mendoza-Catalán MA, Rodríguez-Ruiz HA, Castañeda-Saucedo E, Ortuño-Pineda C, Padilla-Benavides T, Navarro-Tito N. Extracellular-Signal Regulated Kinase: A Central Molecule Driving Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2885. [PMID: 31200510 PMCID: PMC6627365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a reversible cellular process, characterized by changes in gene expression and activation of proteins, favoring the trans-differentiation of the epithelial phenotype to a mesenchymal phenotype. This process increases cell migration and invasion of tumor cells, progression of the cell cycle, and resistance to apoptosis and chemotherapy, all of which support tumor progression. One of the signaling pathways involved in tumor progression is the MAPK pathway. Within this family, the ERK subfamily of proteins is known for its contributions to EMT. The ERK subfamily is divided into typical (ERK 1/2/5), and atypical (ERK 3/4/7/8) members. These kinases are overexpressed and hyperactive in various types of cancer. They regulate diverse cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, metastasis, resistance to chemotherapy, and EMT. In this context, in vitro and in vivo assays, as well as studies in human patients, have shown that ERK favors the expression, function, and subcellular relocalization of various proteins that regulate EMT, thus promoting tumor progression. In this review, we discuss the mechanistic roles of the ERK subfamily members in EMT and tumor progression in diverse biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monserrat Olea-Flores
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n Chilpancingo, Gro. 39090, Mexico.
| | - Miriam Daniela Zuñiga-Eulogio
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n Chilpancingo, Gro. 39090, Mexico.
| | - Miguel Angel Mendoza-Catalán
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n Chilpancingo, Gro. 39090, Mexico.
| | - Hugo Alberto Rodríguez-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n Chilpancingo, Gro. 39090, Mexico.
| | - Eduardo Castañeda-Saucedo
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n Chilpancingo, Gro. 39090, Mexico.
| | - Carlos Ortuño-Pineda
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n Chilpancingo, Gro. 39090, Mexico.
| | - Teresita Padilla-Benavides
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Napoleón Navarro-Tito
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n Chilpancingo, Gro. 39090, Mexico.
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Tian CH, Dai J, Zhang W, Liu Y, Yang Y. Expression of IL-17 and its gene promoter methylation status are associated with the progression of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15924. [PMID: 31169710 PMCID: PMC6571420 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore interleukin-17 (IL-17) and its epigenetic regulation during the progression of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.A total of 162 patients with chronic HBV infection, including 75 with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 54 with hepatitis B-associated liver cirrhosis and 33 with hepatitis B-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC), were enrolled in this study. Thirty healthy adults of the same ethnicity were enrolled in the control group. Whole venous blood was obtained from the patients and normal controls (n = 30). Clinical and laboratory parameters were assessed, and we performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative real-time PCR to measure the serum levels and relative mRNA expression of IL-17, respectively. IL-17 promoter methylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was assessed by methylation-specific PCR. We analyzed the serum and mRNA levels of IL-17 and IL-17 promoter methylation in the 4 groups as well as the effect of methylation on serum IL-17 levels. Correlations between the IL-17 promoter methylation status and clinical parameters were analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis.Compared to the normal control group, the patient groups exhibited significantly higher serum and relative mRNA levels of IL-17. The methylation distribution among the patients was significantly lower than that among the normal controls (P < .05), with the HBV-HCC group showing the lowest IL-17 gene methylation frequency. The average IL-17 promoter CG methylation level was negatively correlated with IL-17 mRNA expression (r = -0.39, P = .03), and negative correlations between IL-17 promoter methylation and prothrombin time activity (r = -0.585, P = .035), alanine aminotransferase (r = -0.522, P < .01), aspartate aminotransferase (r = -0.315, P < .05), and the model for end-stage liver disease score (r = -0.461, P < .05) were observed. IL-17 serum levels in the methylated-promoter groups were significantly lower than those in the unmethylated-promoter groups.IL-17 expression and promoter methylation were associated with chronic HBV infection progression, especially in the HBV-HCC group. The IL-17 promoter status may help clinicians initiate the correct treatment strategy at the CHB stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Huan Tian
- Health Management Center, QiLu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province
- School of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Jun Dai
- Health Management Center, QiLu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province
| | - Wei Zhang
- Health Management Center, QiLu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province
| | - Yan Liu
- Jinan Infectious Disease Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Health Management Center, QiLu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province
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Liu L, Sun H, Wu S, Tan H, Sun Y, Liu X, Si S, Xu L, Huang J, Zhou W, Yang Z, Wang Z. IL‑17A promotes CXCR2‑dependent angiogenesis in a mouse model of liver cancer. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:1065-1074. [PMID: 31173199 PMCID: PMC6625377 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum interleukin (IL)-17A level is associated with higher microvessel density and poor prognosis in liver cancer. However, the specific mechanism underlying the role of IL-17A in liver cancer remains controversial. In the present study, the effect of IL-17A on liver cancer cells was examined. IL-17A had no evident impact on vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) production in HepG2 and Huh7.5 cells as determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and ELISA, but it did stimulate angiogenic CXC chemokine secretion, including chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL5, CXCL6 and CXCL8 in Huh7.5 cells and CXCL2 in HepG2 cells. In addition, the production of angiostatic chemokines such as CXCL10 was not affected. The supernatant of Huh7.5-IL17A cells promoted endothelial cell chemotaxis, which was attenuated by the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CXCR2) inhibitor SB225002. Although there was no role of IL-17A in promoting in vitro cell proliferation, IL-17A markedly increased the tumor growth of Huh7.5 cells in both subcutaneous and orthotopic xenograft models with increased vascularization. Taken together, these results demonstrated that IL-17A may stimulate chemokine-induced angiogenesis and promote tumor progression, independent of VEGF signaling. The CXCL-CXCR2 axis may be a novel target for the anti-angiogenesis treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Liu
- Department of General Surgery, China‑Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Huizhuo Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Shan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, P.R. China
| | - Haidong Tan
- Department of General Surgery, China‑Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yongliang Sun
- Department of General Surgery, China‑Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, China‑Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Si
- Department of General Surgery, China‑Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of General Surgery, China‑Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Jia Huang
- Department of General Surgery, China‑Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Wenying Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, China‑Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Zhiying Yang
- Department of General Surgery, China‑Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Zai Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China‑Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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Elsissy M, Abdelhafez A, Elmasry M, Salah D. Interleukin-17 Gene Polymorphism Is Protective Against the Susceptibility to Adult Acute Myeloid Leukaemia in Egypt: A Case-Control Study. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:1425-1429. [PMID: 31198448 PMCID: PMC6542383 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Th17 cells are blamed for being accused in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukaemia. Th17 cells are CD4+ cell subtype. They produce IL-17A and IL-17F. AIM: This study aims to trace the relation between IL-17A and IL-17F polymorphisms and AML incidence and to define the connection between IL-17 polymorphisms and its serum level. METHODS: A group of 100 acute myeloid leukaemia patients and 100 age and sex-matched healthy subjects (controls) were enrolled in the present work. Restriction fragment length polymorphism- polymerase chain reaction (PCR-RFLP) was done to detect IL-17A (rs2275913; G197A) and IL-17F (rs763780; A7488G). Serum IL-17 level was assessed by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis (ELISA) in both patients and controls. RESULTS: IL-17F, IL-17A mutant genotypes and alleles showed no significant relation with acute myeloid leukaemia incidence. Also, ELISA results proved that serum IL-17 did not vary between acute myeloid leukaemia patients and healthy subjects. CONCLUSION: Interleukin-17 gene polymorphisms did not consider a risk for acute myeloid leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Elsissy
- Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelhafez
- Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal Elmasry
- Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doaa Salah
- Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Ponziani FR, Nicoletti A, Gasbarrini A, Pompili M. Diagnostic and therapeutic potential of the gut microbiota in patients with early hepatocellular carcinoma. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2019; 11:1758835919848184. [PMID: 31205505 PMCID: PMC6535703 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919848184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is involved in the maintenance of the homeostasis of the human body and its alterations are associated with the development of different pathological conditions. The liver is the organ most exposed to the influence of the gut microbiota, and recently important connections between the intestinal flora and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been described. In fact, HCC is commonly associated with liver cirrhosis and develops in a microenvironment where inflammation, immunological alterations, and cellular aberrations are dramatically evident. Prevention and diagnosis in the earliest stages are still the most effective weapons in fighting this tumor. Animal models show that the gut microbiota can be involved in the promotion and progression of HCC directly or through different pathogenic mechanisms. Recent data in humans have confirmed these preclinical findings, shedding new light on HCC pathogenesis. Limitations due to the different experimental design, the ethnic and hepatological setting make it difficult to compare the results and draw definitive conclusions, but these studies lay the foundations for a pathogenetic redefinition of HCC. Therefore, it is evident that the characterization of the gut microbiota and its modulation can have an enormous diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic potential, especially in patients with early stage HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Division of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Alberto Nicoletti
- Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Ma Y, Feng C, Wang J, Chen Z, Wei P, Fan A, Wang X, Yu X, Ge D, Xie H, Liu L, Zhang Q, Li XH. Hydroxyl safflower yellow A regulates the tumor immune microenvironment to produce an anticancer effect in a mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:3503-3510. [PMID: 30867790 PMCID: PMC6396201 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.9946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a serious threat to human health. Chemotherapy drugs such as cisplatin are widely used in cancer treatment, but can cause severe side effects. Hydroxyl safflower yellow A (HSYA) is a water-soluble chalcone glycoside substance extracted from safflowers (Carthamus tinctorius L.) that has been reported to inhibit tumor growth with few side effects. The tumor immune microenvironment is crucial for the proliferation and invasiveness of tumor cells, and it is mediated by forkhead box P3-positive (FOXP3+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-γ (RORγ)-expressing Th17 cells. FOXP3+ Tregs inhibit immunoreaction and FOXP3 is a key indicator of Tregs. RORγ isoform 2, also known as RORγt, is an important transcription factor in Th17 cells that may promote cancer progression. In the present study, the antitumor effect of HSYA on HCC was investigated, as well as its impact on the tumor immune microenvironment. Following the establishment of a mouse model for HCC, hematoxylin and eosin staining were performed to observe histological changes in liver tumors, and the spleen and thymus were weighed to calculate the spleen and thymus indexes. The proportion of FOXP3+ Tregs in the spleen was determined by flow cytometry, and expression levels of Foxp3 and Rorγt were examined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. The results of the present study showed that cisplatin inhibited tumor growth, caused weight loss and reduced the immunoreactivity of the mice. HSYA inhibited tumor growth without causing significant weight loss. The proportion of FOXP3-expressing Tregs in the spleen and the expression of Foxp3 and Rorγt mRNA decreased following treatment with certain doses of HSYA. In conclusion, HSYA inhibited tumor growth without detrimental effects on the weight of the mice, indicating that HSYA may be suitable as a novel therapy for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicong Ma
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314006, P.R. China
| | - Cuiling Feng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
- Oncology Microstart Intervention Department, Anyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anyang, Henan 455000, P.R. China
| | - Ziwei Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wei
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Angran Fan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Xue Yu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Dongyu Ge
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Hua Xie
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Hui Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314006, P.R. China
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Jiang JW, Chen XH, Ren Z, Zheng SS. Gut microbial dysbiosis associates hepatocellular carcinoma via the gut-liver axis. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2019; 18:19-27. [PMID: 30527903 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world. Gut microbiota has been demonstrated to play a critical role in liver inflammation, chronic fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and HCC development through the gut-liver axis. DATA SOURCES Recently there have been several innovative studies investigating gut microbial dysbiosis-mediated enhancement of HCC through the gut-liver axis. Literatures from January 1998 to January 2018 were searched in the PubMed database using the keywords "gut microbiota" and "hepatocellular carcinoma" or "liver cancer", and the results of experimental and clinical studies were analyzed. RESULTS Gut microbial dysbiosis accompanies the progression of alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver cirrhosis, and promotes HCC progression in an experimental mouse model. The immune system and key factors such as Toll-like receptor 4 are involved in the process. There is evidence for gut microbial dysbiosis in hepatitis virus-related HCC patients. CONCLUSIONS Gut microbial dysbiosis is closely associated with hepatic inflammation disease and HCC through the gut-liver axis. With the enhanced understanding of the interactions between gut microbiota and liver through the gut-liver axis, new treatment strategies for HCC are being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wen Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; Health Management Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xin-Hua Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zhigang Ren
- Department of Infectious Disease, Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Shu-Sen Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Zhang H, Jiang Z, Zhang L. Dual effect of T helper cell 17 (Th17) and regulatory T cell (Treg) in liver pathological process: From occurrence to end stage of disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 69:50-59. [PMID: 30669025 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver disease is a complicated pathological status with acute or chronic progressions, causing a series of damages to liver and massive burden to public health and society. Th17 and Treg, two subsets of CD4+ T helper cells, seem to keep a subtle balance in the maintenance of organic immune homeostasis including liver. The dysfunction of Th17/Treg balance in liver has been proved associated with hepatic injury and disease. Herein, we summarized the research advance of Th17 and Treg cells in different phenotypes of liver diseases in the past decade. It is known to all that hepatic diseases start from stimulations or infections like virus, autoimmune, alcohol and so on in the early stage, which would cause inflammation. With the disease consistently existed, severe outcomes like cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma appear finally. In conclusion, it is found that Th17 and Treg cells serve as an important role in the immune response imbalance of liver diseases from the beginning to the end stage. However, the effect of these two subsets of CD4+ T helper cells is not a stereotype. Pathological role which exacerbates the disease and protective character which inhibits damage to liver are co-existed in the effect of Th17 and Treg cells. Still, more studies should be carried out to enrich the understandings of liver disease and Th17/Treg immune balance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Center for Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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The roles of IL-17C in T cell-dependent and -independent inflammatory diseases. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15750. [PMID: 30356086 PMCID: PMC6200819 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-17C, which is a member of the IL-17 family of cytokines, is preferentially produced by epithelial cells in the lung, skin and colon, suggesting that IL-17C may be involved in not only host defense but also inflammatory diseases in those tissues. In support of that, IL-17C was demonstrated to contribute to development of T cell-dependent imiquimod-induced psoriatic dermatitis and T cell-independent dextran sodium sulfate-induced acute colitis using mice deficient in IL-17C and/or IL-17RE, which is a component of the receptor for IL-17C. However, the roles of IL-17C in other inflammatory diseases remain poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the contributions of IL-17C to development of certain disease models using Il17c−/− mice, which we newly generated. Those mice showed normal development of T cell-dependent inflammatory diseases such as FITC- and DNFB-induced contact dermatitis/contact hypersensitivity (CHS) and concanavalin A-induced hepatitis, and T cell-independent inflammatory diseases such as bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, papain-induced airway eosinophilia and LPS-induced airway neutrophilia. On the other hand, those mice were highly resistant to LPS-induced endotoxin shock, indicating that IL-17C is crucial for protection against that immunological reaction. Therefore, IL-17C neutralization may represent a novel therapeutic approach for sepsis, in addition to psoriasis and acute colitis.
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Degranulation of mast cells induced by gastric cancer-derived adrenomedullin prompts gastric cancer progression. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1034. [PMID: 30305610 PMCID: PMC6180028 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1100-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are prominent components of solid tumors and exhibit distinct phenotypes in different tumor microenvironments. However, their precise mechanism of communication in gastric cancer remains largely unclear. Here, we found that patients with GC showed a significantly higher mast cell infiltration in tumors. Mast cell levels increased with tumor progression and independently predicted reduced overall survival. Tumor-derived adrenomedullin (ADM) induced mast cell degranulation via PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, which effectively promoted the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of GC cells in vitro and contributed to the growth and progression of GC tumors in vivo, and the effect could be reversed by blocking interleukin (IL)-17A production from these mast cells. Our results illuminate a novel protumorigenic role and associated mechanism of mast cells in GC, and also provide functional evidence for these mast cells to prevent, and to treat this immunopathogenesis feature of GC.
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Zhang GL, Zhang T, Zhao QY, Lin CS, Gao ZL. Th17 cells over 5.9% at admission indicate poor prognosis in patients with HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12656. [PMID: 30290645 PMCID: PMC6200497 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that Th17 cells increased significantly in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF). However, their prognostic role in HBV-ACLF patients remains unknown.Sixty-eight consecutive HBV-ACLF patients were enrolled in this cohort study. Th17 cells were examined using flow cytometry. Disease severity scores were assessed. ROC curves were used to evaluate the value in predicting prognosis. Survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves. Predictors of mortality were determined by regression analysis.Th17 cells were significantly higher in HBV-ACLF patients compared to patients with chronic hepatitis B and normal controls (both P < .001). Also, Th17 cells were higher in nonsurviving HBV-ACLF patients than in surviving patients (P = .014). Th17 cells were positively correlated with CLIF-Consortium ACLF (CLIF-C ACLF) score (r = 0.240, P = .048). ROC curves showed that the frequency of Th17 cells had accuracy in predicting 90-day prognosis equivalent to MELD, MELD-Na and CLIF-C ACLF scores in HBV-ACLF (P = .34, P = .26, and P = .15, respectively). More importantly, the area under the ROC curve (AUROC) increased when Th17 cells were combined with MELD, MELD-Na or CLIF-C ACLF score than using Th17 cells alone (P = .021, P = .006, and P = .023, respectively). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that higher Th17 cells (≥5.9%) were closely associated with poor overall survival in HBV-ACLF (P = .0086). Additionally, multivariate regression analysis showed that the frequency of Th17 cells over 5.9% was an independent predictor of mortality (OR = 0.154, P = .025).Circulating Th17 cells positively correlated with disease severity in HBV-ACLF. The frequency of Th17 cells over 5.9% could serve as a prognostic biomarker for HBV-ACLF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Lin Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yat-sen University
| | - Qi-Yi Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease
| | - Chao-Shuang Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease
| | - Zhi-Liang Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun-Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
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62
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Liao R, Li DW, Du CY, Li M. Combined Preoperative ALBI and FIB-4 Is Associated with Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Curative Hepatectomy. J Gastrointest Surg 2018; 22:1679-1687. [PMID: 29777455 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-018-3810-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Chronic inflammatory response is a risk factor for hepatocarcinogenesis and recurrence. This study aimed to develop a nomogram incorporating the combined albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) and fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) scores and the peritumoral inflammation score (PIS) to predict postoperative recurrence-free survival (RFS) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS The prognostic roles of preoperative ALBI and FIB-4 scores for HCC recurrence were investigated, and a nomogram was developed. The predictive ability of the nomogram was compared with the American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging systems for HCC. Necroinflammatory activity in the peritumoral liver tissues was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. RESULTS Combined ALBI and FIB-4 was associated with PIS in the training and validation cohorts (r = 0.342 and 0.473, both P < 0.001), and all of the scores exhibited predictive value for RFS of HCC. The independent predictive factors of RFS such as AFP, tumor number, tumor size, microvascular invasion, PIS, and combined ALBI and FIB-4 were included in the corresponding nomogram. In the training cohort, the C-index of the RFS nomogram was 0.722. ROC analyses showed that the RFS nomogram had a larger AUC (0.739) than the AJCC and BCLC staging systems. These results were verified by the validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS The proposed nomogram incorporating PIS and combined ALBI and FIB-4 was associated with recurrence for HCC following curative hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - De-Wei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Cheng-You Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
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63
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HBV-DNA Load-Related Peritumoral Inflammation and ALBI Scores Predict HBV Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Prognosis after Curative Resection. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2018; 2018:9289421. [PMID: 30327670 PMCID: PMC6171205 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9289421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Both persistent inflammatory activity and liver function damage contribute to a poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to develop nomograms that incorporate hepatitis virus B (HBV)-related peritumoral inflammation score (PIS) and liver function based on ALBI score to predict postoperative outcomes of HCC. Methods The prognostic roles of HBV-related preoperative PIS and ALBI scores in HCC recurrence were examined, and then two nomograms were constructed. The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomograms were compared with AJCC and BCLC staging systems of HCC. Results PIS (HBV-PIS) and ALBI scores (HBV-ALBI) with different HBV-DNA loads had association with overall survival (OS) and/or recurrence-free survival (RFS) of HCC. The independent predictors of OS and RFS were incorporated into the corresponding nomograms. In the training cohort, the C-indexes of OS and RFS nomograms were 0.751 and 0.736, respectively. ROC analyses showed that both OS and RFS nomograms had larger AUC (0.775 and 0.739, respectively) than AJCC and BCLC staging systems. These results were verified by the internal and external validation cohorts. Conclusion The proposed nomograms, including HBV-DNA load-related PIS and ALBI scores, were accurate in predicting survival for HCC after curative resection.
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64
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Yang XW, Jiang HX, Lei R, Lu WS, Tan SH, Qin SY. Recruitment and significance of Th22 cells and Th17 cells in malignant ascites. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:5389-5397. [PMID: 30250609 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
T helper (Th)22 and Th17 cells are implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of types of cancer. However, the function of Th22 and Th17 cells in malignant ascites (MA) remains unknown. The present study aimed at examining the distribution, phenotypes, recruitment, and prognostic value of Th22 and Th17 cells in MA from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A total of 26 patients with HCC with MA and 15 healthy controls were included in the present study. The proportion of Th22 cells, Th17 cells, C-C motif chemokine receptor (CCR)4, CCR6 and CCR10 were examined using flow cytometry. Interleukin (IL-)22, IL-17, C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL)20, CCL22 and CCL27 were investigated using ELISA. In addition, the chemoattractant activity of chemokines for Th22 and Th17 cells in vitro were examined via a chemotaxis assay. The results of the present study demonstrated that Th22 cells, Th17 cells, IL-22 and IL-17 were significantly increased in MA compared with the corresponding blood and peripheral blood from healthy controls. Additionally, Th22 cells expressed increased concentrations of CCR6, CCR4 and CCR10, and Th17 cells expressed increased concentrations of CCR4 and CCR6 in MA compared with the corresponding blood. The chemotaxis assay revealed that CCL20/CCR6, CCL22/CCR4 and CCL27/CCR10 were responsible for the recruitment of Th22 cells into MA, whereas CCL22/CCR4 was responsible for the recruitment of Th17 cells. Furthermore, the patients with an increased number of Th17 cells exhibited an increased survival time compared with patients with a limited number of Th17 cells. Th22 and Th17 cells serve an important function in the development of MA, and the accumulation of Th22 and Th17 cells in MA may be due to a local increase in proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Increased Th17 cell numbers in MA may indicate the improvement of patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Wen Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Xing Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Ronge Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Shun Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Hui Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Shan-Yu Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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65
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Xu QG, Yu J, Guo XG, Hou GJ, Yuan SX, Yang Y, Yang Y, Liu H, Pan ZY, Yang F, Gu FM, Zhou WP. IL-17A promotes the invasion-metastasis cascade via the AKT pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:936-952. [PMID: 29689643 PMCID: PMC5983223 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that interleukin‐17A (IL‐17A) is associated with the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its role in the invasion–metastasis cascade of HCC and the efficacy of IL‐17A‐targeting therapeutics in HCC remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that IL‐17A promoted intrahepatic and pulmonary metastasesis of HCC cells in an orthotopic implant model. Moreover, our results showed that IL‐17A induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promoted HCC cell colonization in vitro and in vivo, and the role of IL‐17A in invasion–metastasis was dependent on activation of the AKT pathway. Remarkably, combined therapy using both secukinumab and sorafenib has better inhibition on tumour growth and metastasis compared to sorafenib monotherapy. Additionally, the combination of intratumoral IL‐17A+ cells and E‐cadherin predicted the outcome of patients with HCC at an early stage after hepatectomy based on tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry. In conclusion, our studies reveal that IL‐17A induces early EMT and promotes late colonization of HCC metastasis by activating AKT signalling. Secukinumab is a promising candidate for clinical development in combination with sorafenib for the management of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Guo Xu
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Yu
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing-Gang Guo
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Jun Hou
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Xian Yuan
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer (SMMU), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Tumor Biology (EHBH), China
| | - Yun Yang
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Liu
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze-Ya Pan
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu Yang
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang-Ming Gu
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Ping Zhou
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer (SMMU), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Tumor Biology (EHBH), China
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Moreno-Fernandez ME, Giles DA, Stankiewicz TE, Sheridan R, Karns R, Cappelletti M, Lampe K, Mukherjee R, Sina C, Sallese A, Bridges JP, Hogan SP, Aronow BJ, Hoebe K, Divanovic S. Peroxisomal β-oxidation regulates whole body metabolism, inflammatory vigor, and pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. JCI Insight 2018; 3:93626. [PMID: 29563328 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.93626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a metabolic predisposition for development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), represents a disease spectrum ranging from steatosis to steatohepatitis to cirrhosis. Acox1, a rate-limiting enzyme in peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation, regulates metabolism, spontaneous hepatic steatosis, and hepatocellular damage over time. However, it is unknown whether Acox1 modulates inflammation relevant to NAFLD pathogenesis or if Acox1-associated metabolic and inflammatory derangements uncover and accelerate potential for NAFLD progression. Here, we show that mice with a point mutation in Acox1 (Acox1Lampe1) exhibited altered cellular metabolism, modified T cell polarization, and exacerbated immune cell inflammatory potential. Further, in context of a brief obesogenic diet stress, NAFLD progression associated with Acox1 mutation resulted in significantly accelerated and exacerbated hepatocellular damage via induction of profound histological changes in hepatocytes, hepatic inflammation, and robust upregulation of gene expression associated with HCC development. Collectively, these data demonstrate that β-oxidation links metabolism and immune responsiveness and that a better understanding of peroxisomal β-oxidation may allow for discovery of mechanisms central for NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel A Giles
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Immunology Graduate Program, CCHMC, and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Traci E Stankiewicz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Rachel Sheridan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Pathology, CCHMC, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Rebekah Karns
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, CCHMC, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Monica Cappelletti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kristin Lampe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Rajib Mukherjee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Christian Sina
- Molecular Gastroenterology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anthony Sallese
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology
| | - James P Bridges
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology
| | - Simon P Hogan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Allergy and Immunology, and
| | - Bruce J Aronow
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Biomedical Informatics, CCHMC, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kasper Hoebe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common primary liver cancer, is one of the dreaded complications of chronic liver disease. Recent experimental and clinical studies have revealed that the alteration of gut-liver axis plays a pivotal role in the onset of chronic liver diseases, including HCC. Altered gut microbiota and endotoxemia are increasingly recognized as critical components in promoting the progression of chronic liver diseases to HCC. Probiotics have been suggested as a novel, safe and cost-effective approach to prevent or treat HCC. Mechanisms by which probiotics exerts their anti-cancer effects include their ability to bind carcinogens, modulation of gut microbiota, improvement of intestinal barrier function, and immunomodulation. This review summarizes the literature findings of the changes in gut microbiota linked to HCC, and discusses the possible therapeutic implications of probiotics for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murphy L Y Wan
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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68
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Guillot A, Gasmi I, Brouillet A, Ait-Ahmed Y, Calderaro J, Ruiz I, Gao B, Lotersztajn S, Pawlotsky JM, Lafdil F. Interleukins-17 and 27 promote liver regeneration by sequentially inducing progenitor cell expansion and differentiation. Hepatol Commun 2018; 2:329-343. [PMID: 29507906 PMCID: PMC5831061 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver progenitor cells (LPCs)/ductular reactions (DRs) are associated with inflammation and implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases. However, how inflammation regulates LPCs/DRs remains largely unknown. Identification of inflammatory processes that involve LPC activation and expansion represent a key step in understanding the pathogenesis of liver diseases. In the current study, we found that diverse types of chronic liver diseases are associated with elevation of infiltrated interleukin (IL)-17-positive (+) cells and cytokeratin 19 (CK19)+ LPCs, and both cell types colocalized and their numbers positively correlated with each other. The role of IL-17 in the induction of LPCs was examined in a mouse model fed a choline-deficient and ethionine-supplemented (CDE) diet. Feeding of wild-type mice with the CDE diet markedly elevated CK19+Ki67+ proliferating LPCs and hepatic inflammation. Disruption of the IL-17 gene or IL-27 receptor, alpha subunit (WSX-1) gene abolished CDE diet-induced LPC expansion and inflammation. In vitro treatment with IL-17 promoted proliferation of bipotential murine oval liver cells (a liver progenitor cell line) and markedly up-regulated IL-27 expression in macrophages. Treatment with IL-27 favored the differentiation of bipotential murine oval liver cells and freshly isolated LPCs into hepatocytes. Conclusion: The current data provide evidence for a collaborative role between IL-17 and IL-27 in promoting LPC expansion and differentiation, respectively, thereby contributing to liver regeneration. (Hepatology Communications 2018;2:329-343).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Guillot
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955 Créteil France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale Créteil France.,Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD
| | - Imène Gasmi
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955 Créteil France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale Créteil France
| | - Arthur Brouillet
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955 Créteil France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale Créteil France
| | - Yeni Ait-Ahmed
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955 Créteil France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale Créteil France
| | - Julien Calderaro
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955 Créteil France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale Créteil France.,Département de Pathologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor Université Paris-Est Créteil France
| | - Isaac Ruiz
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955 Créteil France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale Créteil France.,Département d'Hépatologie, Université Paris-Est Créteil France
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD
| | - Sophie Lotersztajn
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955 Créteil France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale Créteil France.,Present address: Present address for Sophie Lotersztajn is INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France, and Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat Université Paris Diderot Paris France
| | - Jean-Michel Pawlotsky
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955 Créteil France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale Créteil France
| | - Fouad Lafdil
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955 Créteil France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale Créteil France.,Institut Universitaire de France Paris France
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69
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Liao R, Jiang N, Tang ZW, Li DW, Huang P, Luo SQ, Gong JP, Du CY. Systemic and intratumoral balances between monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes predict prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma patients after surgery. Oncotarget 2018; 7:30951-61. [PMID: 27129159 PMCID: PMC5058730 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The peripheral neutrophil-monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (NMLR) and intratumoral CD16/CD8 ratio (iMLR) may have prognostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after curative resection. In this study, the circulating NMLR was examined 387 HCC patients who underwent curative resection between 2006 and 2009. Intratumoral levels of CD4, CD8, CD16 and CD68 and the CD16/CD8 ratio were determined immunohistologically. The prognostic values of clinicopathological parameters, including NMLR and iMLR, were evaluated. NMLR was predictive of overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) when patients in the training cohort (n = 256) were separated into high (> 1.2) and low (≤ 1.2) NMLR subgroups. NMLR was also an independent predictor of low alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) expression and early recurrence. High NMLR was associated with increases in clinicopathological variables, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), tumor number, tumor size and BCLC stage. In addition, iMLR strongly predicted risk of recurrence and patient survival, and was positively correlated with NMLR. These findings were confirmed in an independent validation patient cohort (n = 131). Peripheral NMLR and iMLR may thus be useful prognostic markers, and anti-inflammatory treatment may be beneficial in HCC patients after curative hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhuo-Wei Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - De Wei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shi-Qiao Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jian-Ping Gong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Cheng-You Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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70
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Differences in somatic mutation landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma in Asian American and European American populations. Oncotarget 2018; 7:40491-40499. [PMID: 27246981 PMCID: PMC5130022 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is higher in populations of Asian ancestry than European ancestry (EA). We sought to investigate HCC mutational differences between the two populations, which may reflect differences in the prevalence of etiological factors. We compared HCC somatic mutations in patients of self-reported Asian American and EA from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and assessed associations of tumor mutations with established HCC risk factors. Although the average mutation burden was similar, TP53 and RB1 were mutated at a much higher frequency in Asian Americans than in EAs (TP53: 43% vs. 21%; RB1: 19% vs. 2%). Three putative oncogenic genes, including TRPM3, SAGE1, and ADAMTS7, were mutated exclusively in Asians. In addition, VEGF binding pathway, a druggable target by tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as sorafenib, was mutated at a higher frequency among Asians (13% vs. 2%); while the negative regulation of IL17 production, involved in inflammation and autoimmunity, was mutated only in EAs (12% vs. 0). Accounting for HCC risk factors had little impact on any of the mutational differences. In conclusion, we demonstrated here mutational differences in important cancer genes and pathways between Asian and European ancestries. These differences may have implications for the prevention and treatment of HCC.
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71
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Jiao J, Niu W, Wang Y, Baggerly K, Ye Y, Wu X, Davenport D, Almeda JL, Betancourt-Garcia MM, Forse RA, Stevenson HL, Watt GP, McCormick JB, Fisher-Hoch SP, Beretta L. Prevalence of Aflatoxin-Associated TP53R249S Mutation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hispanics in South Texas. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-17-0235-at] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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72
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Alcoholic Liver Disease Accelerates Early Hepatocellular Cancer in a Mouse Model. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1032:71-79. [PMID: 30362091 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-98788-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
HCC is a rapidly increasing cancer worldwide. Most HCC rises in the setting of chronic and advanced liver disease caused by viral hepatitis, alcohol use, non-alcoholic liver disease or their combination. We found that in the mouse model, alcohol alone does not induce HCC, however, it can promote HCC development after a carcinogen exposure. Multiple mechanisms are involved in carcinogenesis and alcohol affects many of those including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cancer stem marker expression and inflammation as evidenced in our HCC model.
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Rosenblatt RE, Tafesh ZH, Halazun KJ. Role of inflammatory markers as hepatocellular cancer selection tool in the setting of liver transplantation. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 2:95. [PMID: 29264433 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2017.10.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the advent of the Milan criteria in 1996 and its widespread adoption for selection of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who would benefit from transplant, there has been an extensive hunt for the ideal clinical biomarker to predict HCC recurrence. This is because Milan lack does not include tumor biology indices and recurrence rates remain in the 15-20% range worldwide. While a 'silver-bullet' biomarker has not been found, several useful inflammatory markers have been identified and used in scoring systems that supersede Milan in their ability to predict HCC recurrence post liver transplantation (LT). In this review, we aim to summarize the role of inflammatory markers paly in the selection of HCC patients awaiting LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell E Rosenblatt
- Division of gastroenterology and hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zaid H Tafesh
- Division of gastroenterology and hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karim J Halazun
- Department of surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
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74
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Hochnadel I, Kossatz-Boehlert U, Jedicke N, Lenzen H, Manns MP, Yevsa T. Cancer vaccines and immunotherapeutic approaches in hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:2931-2952. [PMID: 29112462 PMCID: PMC5718787 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1359362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers along with other gastrointestinal malignancies remain the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Strategies developed in the recent years on immunotherapy and cancer vaccines in the setting of primary liver cancer as well as in pancreatic cancer are the scope of this review. Significance of orthotopic and autochthonous animal models which mimic and/or closely reflect human malignancies allowing for a prompt and trustworthy analysis of new therapeutics is underlined. Combinational approaches that on one hand, specifically target a defined cancer-driving pathway, and on the other hand, restore the functions of immune cells, which effector functions are often suppressed by a tumor milieu, are shown to have the strongest perspectives and future directions. Among combinational immunotherapeutic approaches a personalized- and individual cancer case-based therapy is of special importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Hochnadel
- a Department of Gastroenterology , Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Uta Kossatz-Boehlert
- b Institute for Neuroanatomy, Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Nils Jedicke
- a Department of Gastroenterology , Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Henrike Lenzen
- a Department of Gastroenterology , Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Michael P Manns
- a Department of Gastroenterology , Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Tetyana Yevsa
- a Department of Gastroenterology , Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
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75
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Jiao J, Niu W, Wang Y, Baggerly K, Ye Y, Wu X, Davenport D, Almeda JL, Betancourt-Garcia MM, Forse RA, Stevenson HL, Watt GP, McCormick JB, Fisher-Hoch SP, Beretta L. Prevalence of Aflatoxin-Associated TP53R249S Mutation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hispanics in South Texas. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2017; 11:103-112. [PMID: 29089331 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-17-0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to determine whether aflatoxin dietary exposure plays a role in the high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) observed among Hispanics in South Texas. We measured TP53R249S somatic mutation, hallmark of aflatoxin etiology in HCC, using droplet digital PCR and RFLP. TP53R249S mutation was detected in 3 of 41 HCC tumors from Hispanics in South Texas (7.3%). We also measured TP53R249S mutation in plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from 218 HCC patients and 96 Hispanic subjects with advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis, from South Texas. The mutation was detected only in Hispanic and Asian HCC patients, and patients harboring TP53R249S mutation were significantly younger and had a shorter overall survival. The mutation was not detected in any Hispanic subject with advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis. Genes involved in cell-cycle control of chromosomal replication and in BRCA1-dependent DNA damage response were enriched in HCCs with TP53R249S mutation. The E2F1 family members, E2F1 and E2F4, were identified as upstream regulators. TP53R249S mutation was detected in 5.7% to 7.3% of Hispanics with HCC in South Texas. This mutation was associated with a younger age and worse prognosis. TP53R249S was however not detected in Hispanics in South Texas with cirrhosis or advanced fibrosis. Aflatoxin exposure may contribute to a small number of HCCs in Hispanics in South Texas, but the detection of TP53R249S mutation in plasma cfDNA is not a promising biomarker of risk assessment for HCC in subjects with cirrhosis or advanced fibrosis in this population. Cancer Prev Res; 11(2); 103-12. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Weibo Niu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Keith Baggerly
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yuanqing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dewitt Davenport
- Doctor's Hospital at Renaissance, Edinburg, Texas.,University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Edinburg, Texas
| | - Jose Luis Almeda
- Doctor's Hospital at Renaissance, Edinburg, Texas.,University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Edinburg, Texas
| | | | - R Armour Forse
- Doctor's Hospital at Renaissance, Edinburg, Texas.,University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Edinburg, Texas
| | - Heather L Stevenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Gordon P Watt
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Brownsville Regional Campus, Brownsville, Texas
| | - Joseph B McCormick
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Brownsville Regional Campus, Brownsville, Texas
| | - Susan P Fisher-Hoch
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Brownsville Regional Campus, Brownsville, Texas
| | - Laura Beretta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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76
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Xu F, Yi J, Wang F, Wang W, Wang Z, Xue J, Luan X. Involvement of soluble B7-H3 in combination with the serum inflammatory cytokines interleukin-17, -8 and -6 in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:8138-8143. [PMID: 29344257 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that B7-H3, and the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-17, IL-8 and IL-6, are involved in the development of a variety of tumors. The objectives of the present study were: i) To investigate the association between soluble B7-H3 (sB7-H3) and cytokine levels of IL-17, IL-8 and IL-6 in the serum of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); and ii) to determine their potential value for use in HCC diagnosis. Serum sB7-H3, IL-17, IL-8 and IL-6 levels in the HCC patients and healthy control subjects were measured using ELISA. The accuracy of each of these biomarkers in HCC diagnosis was compared using a receiver operating characteristic curve and the area under the curve (AUC). A logistic regression model was used to investigate the accuracy of diagnosing HCC when evaluated using combined determinations of sB7-H3, IL-17, IL-8 and IL-6 levels. The data demonstrated that serum levels of sB7-H3, IL-17, IL-8 and IL-6 were significantly increased in HCC patients compared with those in the healthy control group. Serum sB7-H3 levels were positively associated with serum IL-17, whereas serum IL-8 levels were negatively correlated with serum IL-17 levels. The AUC values for sB7-H3, IL-17, IL-8 and IL-6 were 83.2, 65.7, 95.3 and 97.0%, respectively, and indicated that all four biomarkers exhibited a statistically significant capacity for diagnosing HCC. Using the logistic regression model, the AUC value, sensitivity and specificity, as determined for the combination of the four biomarkers, were 99.2, 96.67 and 97.14%, respectively. This was significantly greater than that achieved when any single biomarker was used alone in the logistic regression model to assess their accuracy in HCC diagnosis. The optimum cutoff value of the predicted probability obtained by the combination of sB7-H3, IL-17, IL-8 and IL-6 in the regression model was 0.5745. To conclude, the present study revealed that there exists a positive association between serum sB7-H3 and IL-17 levels in HCC patients. Determinations involving the combination of serum sB7-H3, IL-17, IL-8 and IL-6 levels demonstrate great potential for use in HCC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghuang Xu
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Junzhu Yi
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264100, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Zhuoya Wang
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Jiangnan Xue
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Xiying Luan
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
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77
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Paquissi FC. Immunity and Fibrogenesis: The Role of Th17/IL-17 Axis in HBV and HCV-induced Chronic Hepatitis and Progression to Cirrhosis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1195. [PMID: 29033929 PMCID: PMC5626935 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cirrhosis is a common final pathway for most chronic liver diseases; representing an increasing burden worldwide and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Current evidence has shown that, after an initial injury, the immune response has a significant participation in the ongoing damage, and progression from chronic viral hepatitis (CVH) to cirrhosis, driving the activation and maintenance of main fibrogenic pathways. Among immune deregulations, those related to the subtype 17 of T helper lymphocytes (Th17)/interleukin-17 (IL-17) axis have been recognized as key immunopathological and prognostic elements in patients with CVH. The Th17/IL-17 axis has been found involved in several points of fibrogenesis chain from the activation of stellate cells, increased expression of profibrotic factors as TGF-β, promotion of the myofibroblastic or epithelial–mesenchymal transition, stimulation of the synthesis of collagen, and induction of imbalance between matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). It also promotes the recruitment of inflammatory cells and increases the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-23. So, the Th17/IL-17 axis is simultaneously the fuel and the flame of a sustained proinflammatory and profibrotic environment. This work aims to present the immunopathologic and prognostic role of the Th17/IL-17 axis and related pathways in fibrogenesis and progression to cirrhosis in patients with liver disease due to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV).
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78
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Kim JY, Bae BN, Kang G, Kim HJ, Park K. Cytokine expression associated with Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr virus infection in gastric carcinogenesis. APMIS 2017; 125:808-815. [PMID: 28736845 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, and associated cytokines are involved in gastric carcinogenesis. We investigated the expression of these cytokines and their relationship with clinicopathological characteristics. The study included specimens from 207 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, 56 with chronic gastritis, 32 with metaplasia, and 30 with low-grade epithelial dysplasia. Tissue microarrays were constructed and immunohistochemical staining for IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, p16, p21, TNF-α, and TNFR1 was performed. EBV and H. pylori infection status was determined. IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, p16, and p21 protein expression was significantly higher in adenocarcinoma cases than in the other cases (p < 0.05). EBV was only noted in adenocarcinoma (13 cases, 6.3%). The H. pylori infection rate in adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than that in the other cases (p < 0.005). IL-6 expression was associated with improved survival (p < 0.05), whereas IL-17 expression was associated with decreased survival (p < 0.05). IL-6 expression was inversely associated with angioinvasion, and disease stage (p < 0.05), whereas IL-17 expression was associated with disease stage (p < 0.05). IL-10 expression was correlated with IL-1β and TNF-α expression, and p16 expression was correlated with IL-17 and EBV status. Our results indicate that IL-6 and IL-17 are associated with gastric carcinogenesis and may be considered prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yeon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Noe Bae
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Guhyun Kang
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyeongmee Park
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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79
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Wang S, Li Z, Hu G. Prognostic role of intratumoral IL-17A expression by immunohistochemistry in solid tumors: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:66382-66391. [PMID: 29029520 PMCID: PMC5630420 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-17A is an important proinflammatory cytokine which is frequently elevated in tumor microenvironment. However, the role of intratumoral IL-17A in solid tumors remains controversial. Herein, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the prognostic impact of intratumoral IL-17A in patients with solid tumor. PubMed and EBSCO were searched to identify the studies evaluating the associations between intratumoral IL-17A measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in solid tumors. A total of 2972 patients with solid tumor from 21 published studies were incorporated into this meta-analysis. We found that high level of intratumoral IL-17A was significantly associated with worse 3-year, 5-year OS and 1-year, 3-year DFS, but not with 1-year OS or 5-year DFS in solid tumors. In addition, in stratified analyses by cancer types, IL-17A overexpression was significantly associated with worse OS in hepatic carcinoma, but with improved OS in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Furthermore, high IL-17A expression positively correlated with advanced TNM stage. In conclusion, High expression of intratumoral IL-17A leads to an unfavorable clinical outcome in majority of solid tumors, implicating IL-17A is a valuable biomarker for prognostic prediction of human solid malignances and targeting it may have a potential for effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi'an Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shaoxing Second Hospital, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoming Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, 312000, Zhejiang, China
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80
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Xie YX, Liao R, Pan L, Du CY. ERK pathway activation contributes to the tumor-promoting effects of hepatic stellate cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. Immunol Lett 2017; 188:116-123. [PMID: 28668554 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activated hepatic stellate cell (aHSC) play a critical role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression crosstalking with cancer cell via various signaling pathways. The aim of our study is to explore the tumor-promoting effects of aHSCs on HCC via ERK pathway. METHODS α-SMA, p-ERK and p-JNK expression levels in tumoral and peritumoral tissues of HCC were assessed by immunohistochemical and western blotting. The protein and mRNA expression levels in human hepatoma cell treated with aHSC conditioned medium (CM) were determined by western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR, respectively. Cell migration and invasion abilities were assessed using transwell assays. The proliferation ability of HCC cells induced by aHSCs-CM was detected by CCK-8 assay and cell cycle analysis. RESULTS We found that aHSC number was positively correlated with p-ERK expression levels in tumoral tissues and aHSC-CM could time-dependently promote PCNA, p-ERK expression in HCC cells. Moreover, aHSC-CM enhanced HCC cells proliferation via ERK. Additionally, aHSC upregulated c-jun and cyclinD1 expression levels, accelerating the transition from G1 to the S phase of HCC cells, and this effect could be arrested by inhibiting ERK pathway. Furthermore, aHSC-CM promoted migration and invasion of HCC cells via ERK. Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMT) phenomenon could be reversed by ERK suppression. CONCLUSION High expression of p-ERK and aHSCs may be associated with the aggressive behavior of HCC cells. Secretions from aHSCs could promote proliferation and EMT of HCC cells via ERK1/2/c-jun/cyclinD1 axis or ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xiao Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Rui Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Long Pan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Cheng-You Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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81
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Zhang H, Hou X, Cai H, Zhuang X. Effects of microwave ablation on T-cell subsets and cytokines of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. MINIM INVASIV THER 2017. [PMID: 28635405 DOI: 10.1080/13645706.2017.1286356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of microwave ablation on T-lymphocyte subsets and cytokines in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS Peripheral blood was collected from 45 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated by microwave ablation before treatment, one week and one month after treatment. T cells (CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ cells), CD4+ CD25+ Tregs, and CD16+ CD56+ NK cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Levels of cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10) were determined by a Luminex 200 analyzer. RESULTS Compared with before treatment, CD3+ cells, CD4+ cells and IL-12 increased significantly at one month after the microwave ablation treatment, while IL-4, IL-10 decreased significantly. CONCLUSIONS Microwave ablation could relieve the suppression of immune function caused by tumors, promote the deviation of Th2/Th1, and improve immune dysfunction in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwen Zhang
- a Department of Oncology , 401th Hospital of PLA , Qingdao , China
| | - Xiaowei Hou
- a Department of Oncology , 401th Hospital of PLA , Qingdao , China
| | - Hongjian Cai
- a Department of Oncology , 401th Hospital of PLA , Qingdao , China
| | - Xingjun Zhuang
- a Department of Oncology , 401th Hospital of PLA , Qingdao , China
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82
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Wan G, Gao F, Chen J, Li Y, Geng M, Sun L, Liu Y, Liu H, Yang X, Wang R, Feng Y, Wang X. Nomogram prediction of individual prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:91. [PMID: 28143427 PMCID: PMC5286659 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to develop an effective nomogram capable of estimating the individual survival outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and compare the predictive accuracy and discriminative ability with other staging systems. Methods The nomogram was established based on a retrospective study of 661 patients newly diagnosed with HCC at the Beijing Ditan Hospital (Beijing, China), Capital Medical University, between October 2008 and July 2012. The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the previously developed nomogram were assessed by C-index and calibration curves, and were compared to seven current commonly used staging systems. The results were validated, using a bootstrap approach to correct for bias, in a prospective study of 220 patients consecutively enrolled between August 2012 and March 2013. Results Multivariate analysis of the primary cohort for survival analysis identified the independent factors to be aspartate aminotransferase, ɣ-glutamyl transpeptidase, white blood cell count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, prothrombin activity, α-fetoprotein, tumor number and size, lymph node metastasis, and portal vein involvement, which were all included to build the nomogram. The calibration curve for predicting the probability of survival showed consistency between the nomogram and the actual observation. The C-index of the nomogram was 0.81 (95% confidence interval, 0.79–0.82), which was statistically better than that of the Tumor, Node, Metastasis staging (0.71), Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging (0.77), Okuda (0.62), Japan Integrated Staging (0.73), Cancer of the Liver Italian Program score (0.76), Chinese University Prognostic Index (0.68), and the Groupe d’ Etude et de Traitement du Carcinome Hepatocellulaire Prognostic classification (0.65) (p < 0.001 for all). The results were validated in the prospective validation cohort. Conclusions The prognostic nomogram resulted in more accurate individualized risk estimates for overall survival in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wan
- Statistics Room, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Jing Shun East Street, 100015, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyuan Gao
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Jing Shun East Street, 100015, Beijing, China
| | - Jialiang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 5 Hai Yun Cang, 100700, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Jing Shun East Street, 100015, Beijing, China
| | - Mingfan Geng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 5 Hai Yun Cang, 100700, Beijing, China
| | - Le Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 5 Hai Yun Cang, 100700, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Jing Shun East Street, 100015, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Jing Shun East Street, 100015, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Jing Shun East Street, 100015, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Jing Shun East Street, 100015, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Jing Shun East Street, 100015, Beijing, China.
| | - Xianbo Wang
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Jing Shun East Street, 100015, Beijing, China.
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83
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Gulubova M, Ananiev J, Ignatova M, Halacheva K. Pro-Tumor and Anti-Tumor Functions of IL-17 and of TH17 Cells in Tumor Microenvironment. ACTA MEDICA BULGARICA 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/amb-2016-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
The current review reveals the seven subclasses of CD4+ T helper cells, i.e. Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, regulatory T cells and Tfh, the cytokines produced by them and their role in tumor microenvironment. Main attention was paid to IL-17 and Th17 cells. IL-17-producing cells were described, among which were Treg17 cells and Tc17 cells. The transcription factors, engaged in the activation of Th17 cell differentiation were reviewed. It was shown that Th17 cells might possess regulatory functions in tumor microenvironments that directs toward immunosuppression. The reciprocity between Treg and Th17 cells is realized when the production of a large amount of TGF-β in tumors causes Treg cell differentiation, and the addition of IL-6 shifts the differentiation of naïve T cells to Th17 cells. The main pro-tumor role of IL-17 is the promotion of tumor angiogenesis through stimulation of fibroblasts and endothelial cells. The antitumor functions of IL-17 are associated with enhancement of cytotoxic activity of tumor specific CTL cells and with angiogenesis that provide channels through which immune cells might invade tumor and promote antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Gulubova
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Medical Faculty, Trakian University, 11 Armeiska Str. Bg - 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - J. Ananiev
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Medical Faculty, Trakian University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - M. Ignatova
- Medical student at Medical Faculty, Trakian University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - K. Halacheva
- Department of Biology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Trakian University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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Bigagli E, De Filippo C, Castagnini C, Toti S, Acquadro F, Giudici F, Fazi M, Dolara P, Messerini L, Tonelli F, Luceri C. DNA copy number alterations, gene expression changes and disease-free survival in patients with colorectal cancer: a 10 year follow-up. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2016; 39:545-558. [PMID: 27709558 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-016-0299-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA copy number alterations (CNAs) and gene expression changes have amply been encountered in colorectal cancers (CRCs), but the extent at which CNAs affect gene expression, as well as their relevance for tumor development, are still poorly defined. Here we aimed at assessing the clinical relevance of these parameters in a 10 year follow-up study. METHODS Tumors and normal adjacent colon mucosa, obtained at primary surgery from 21 CRC patients, were subjected to (i) high-resolution array CGH (a-CGH) for the detection of CNAs and (ii) microarray-based transcriptome profiling for the detection of gene expression (GE) changes. Correlations between these genomic and transcriptomic changes and their associations with clinical and histopathological parameters were assessed with the aim to identify molecular signatures associated with disease-free survival of the CRC patients during a 10 year follow-up. RESULTS DNA copy number gains were frequently detected in chromosomes 7, 8q, 13, 19, 20q and X, whereas DNA copy number losses were frequently detected in chromosomes 1p, 4, 8p, 15, 17p, 18, 19 and 22q. None of these alterations were observed in all samples. In addition, we found that 2,498 genes were up- and that 1,094 genes were down-regulated in the tumor samples compared to their corresponding normal mucosa (p < 0.01). The expression of 65 genes was found to be significantly associated with prognosis (p < 0.01). Specifically, we found that up-regulation of the IL17RA, IGF2BP2 and ABCC2 genes, and of genes acting in the mTOR and cytokine receptor pathways, were strongly associated with a poor survival. Subsequent integrated analyses revealed that increased expression levels of the MMP9, BMP7, UBE2C, I-CAM, NOTCH3, NOTCH1, PTGES2, HMGB1 and ERBB3 genes were associated with copy number gains, whereas decreased expression levels of the MUC1, E2F2, HRAS and SIRT3 genes were associated with copy number losses. Pathways related to cell cycle progression, eicosanoid metabolism, and TGF-β and apoptosis signaling, were found to be most significantly affected. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CNAs in CRC tumor tissues are associated with concomitant changes in the expression of cancer-related genes. In other genes epigenetic mechanism may be at work. Up-regulation of the IL17RA, IGF2BP2 and ABCC2 genes, and of genes acting in the mTOR and cytokine receptor pathways, appear to be associated with a poor survival. These alterations may, in addition to Dukes' staging, be employed as new prognostic biomarkers for the prediction of clinical outcome in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Bigagli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
| | - Carlotta De Filippo
- Institute of Biometeorology (IBIMET), National Research Council (CNR), Florence, Italy
| | - Cinzia Castagnini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Acquadro
- Molecular Cytogenetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Giudici
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marilena Fazi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Piero Dolara
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Messerini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Tonelli
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Luceri
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
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85
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Macek Jilkova Z, Afzal S, Marche H, Decaens T, Sturm N, Jouvin-Marche E, Huard B, Marche PN. Progression of fibrosis in patients with chronic viral hepatitis is associated with IL-17(+) neutrophils. Liver Int 2016; 36:1116-24. [PMID: 26749555 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17 plays a crucial role in liver diseases associated with hepatic fibrosis and increased risk of cancer development. Nevertheless, the cellular source of this cytokine has never been characterized in patients with liver fibrosis. METHODS In this study, we investigated liver biopsies from 49 patients with chronic viral hepatitis at different stages of liver fibrosis. We monitored IL-17 production by intracellular flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical in situ stainings, allowing a precise quantification, characterization and localization of IL-17(+) cells. RESULTS Density of IL-17(+) cells increased with the stage of liver fibrosis specifically in fibrotic septa and portal areas (correlation coefficient r = 0.7373; P < 0.0001). Data clearly show that the frequency of intrahepatic IL-17(+) lymphocytes (including T, NKT and NK cells) was independent on stage of liver fibrosis, and we observed no statistical differences in number of IL-17(+) macrophages during progression of fibrosis. On the other hand, the number of IL-17(+) neutrophils in fibrotic septa and portal areas strongly correlated with the stages of fibrosis (correlation coefficient r = 0.6986; P < 0.0001), contributing significantly to total IL-17 production in liver tissue. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that neutrophils represent an important source of IL-17 in the human liver, especially in late fibrosis stages. Inhibition of this specific harmful subset of neutrophils may offer therapeutic opportunities in fibrotic liver.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samia Afzal
- IAB, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hélène Marche
- IAB, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,INSERM U823, Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Decaens
- IAB, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,INSERM U823, Grenoble, France.,CHU-Grenoble Département d'Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie, La Tronche, France
| | - Nathalie Sturm
- IAB, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,INSERM U823, Grenoble, France.,CHU-Grenoble Département d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, La Tronche, France
| | | | - Bertrand Huard
- IAB, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,INSERM U823, Grenoble, France
| | - Patrice N Marche
- IAB, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,INSERM U823, Grenoble, France
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86
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Li C, Peng Y, Mao B, Qian K. Thioredoxin reductase: a novel, independent prognostic marker in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:17792-804. [PMID: 25970775 PMCID: PMC4627346 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we found that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with recurrence outcome and nonsurvivors had significantly increased thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) serum levels on reoperation (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001). Multivariate regression analysis adjusted for common risk factors showed that TrxR was an independent predictor of recurrence (hazard ratios [HR] = 4.19; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 3.21-7.08) and overall survival (HR = 5.56; 95% CI: 3.42-10.21). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of TrxR was 0.837 (95% CI, 0.794-0.881) for recurrence outcome and 0.901 (95% CI, 0.869-0.933) for mortality, which was superior to high-sensitivity-C-reactive protein and a-fetoprotein (P < 0.001). The preoperative serum TrxR level is an independent and significant indicator predictive of poor prognosis and early recurrence in patients with HCC, which offering reliable information for predicting survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Li
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Binglang Mao
- The Medical Examination Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Kun Qian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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87
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Kirilovsky A, Marliot F, El Sissy C, Haicheur N, Galon J, Pagès F. Rational bases for the use of the Immunoscore in routine clinical settings as a prognostic and predictive biomarker in cancer patients. Int Immunol 2016; 28:373-82. [PMID: 27121213 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxw021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union Internationale Contre le Cancer (AJCC/UICC) tumor, nodes, metastasis (TNM) classification system based on tumor features is used for prognosis estimation and treatment recommendations in most cancers. However, the clinical outcome can vary significantly among patients within the same tumor stage and TNM classification does not predict response to therapy. Therefore, many efforts have been focused on the identification of new markers. Multiple tumor cell-based approaches have been proposed but very few have been translated into the clinic. The recent demonstration of the essential role of the immune system in tumor progression has allowed great advances in the understanding of this complex disease and in the design of novel therapies. The analysis of the immune infiltrate by imaging techniques in large patient cohorts highlighted the prognostic impact of the in situ immune cell infiltrate in tumors. Moreover, the characterization of the immune infiltrates (e.g. type, density, distribution within the tumor, phenotype, activation status) in patients treated with checkpoint-blockade strategies could provide information to predict the disease outcome. In colorectal cancer, we have developed a prognostic score ('Immunoscore') that takes into account the distribution of the density of both CD3(+) lymphocytes and CD8(+) cytotoxic T cells in the tumor core and the invasive margin that could outperform TNM staging. Currently, an international retrospective study is under way to validate the Immunoscore prognostic performance in patients with colon cancer. The use of Immunoscore in clinical practice could improve the patients' prognostic assessment and therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos Kirilovsky
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, INSERM UMRS1138, Cordeliers Research Center, 15 Rue de l'Ecole de Medecine, 75006 Paris, France University Paris Descartes, 45 Rue Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, University Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, 15 Rue de l'Ecole de Medecine, 75006 Paris, France Immunomonitoring Platform, Laboratory of Immunology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 20-40 Rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Florence Marliot
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, INSERM UMRS1138, Cordeliers Research Center, 15 Rue de l'Ecole de Medecine, 75006 Paris, France University Paris Descartes, 45 Rue Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, University Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, 15 Rue de l'Ecole de Medecine, 75006 Paris, France Immunomonitoring Platform, Laboratory of Immunology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 20-40 Rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Carine El Sissy
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, INSERM UMRS1138, Cordeliers Research Center, 15 Rue de l'Ecole de Medecine, 75006 Paris, France University Paris Descartes, 45 Rue Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, University Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, 15 Rue de l'Ecole de Medecine, 75006 Paris, France Immunomonitoring Platform, Laboratory of Immunology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 20-40 Rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nacilla Haicheur
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, INSERM UMRS1138, Cordeliers Research Center, 15 Rue de l'Ecole de Medecine, 75006 Paris, France Immunomonitoring Platform, Laboratory of Immunology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 20-40 Rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Galon
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, INSERM UMRS1138, Cordeliers Research Center, 15 Rue de l'Ecole de Medecine, 75006 Paris, France University Paris Descartes, 45 Rue Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, University Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, 15 Rue de l'Ecole de Medecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Franck Pagès
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, INSERM UMRS1138, Cordeliers Research Center, 15 Rue de l'Ecole de Medecine, 75006 Paris, France University Paris Descartes, 45 Rue Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, University Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, 15 Rue de l'Ecole de Medecine, 75006 Paris, France Immunomonitoring Platform, Laboratory of Immunology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 20-40 Rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
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88
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Tu JF, Pan HY, Ying XH, Lou J, Ji JS, Zou H. Mast Cells Comprise the Major of Interleukin 17-Producing Cells and Predict a Poor Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3220. [PMID: 27043690 PMCID: PMC4998551 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-17 and IL-17-producing cells have been found in many types of human cancers and murine models. However, the source of tumor-infiltrating IL-17 and IL-17-producing cells in HCC and the prognostic values remain poorly understood. A total of 57 HCC patients were enrolled in this study, and immunofluorescence double stain was used to evaluate the colocalization of CD3 T cells, CD4 T cells, CD56 NK cells, CD20 B cells, CD68 Macrophages, and MCT mast cells with IL-17. The prognostic value of IL-17-producing cells was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression model. MCT mast cells, but not other cells, were the predominant IL-17-producing cell type. Overall survival analysis revealed that the increasing intratumoral-infiltrated MCT mast cells were significantly associated with poor prognosis. Immunofluorescence double stain showed a positive correlation between the number of MCT mast cells and MCVs. These findings indicated the major IL-17-producing cells in HCC were MCT mast cells and these cells infiltration may promote tumor progression by angiogenesis. Increased MCT mast cells was associated with a poor prognosis, indicating therapy targeting MCT mast cells might be an effective strategy in controlling intratumor IL-17 infiltration and MCVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Fei Tu
- From the Department of Radiology (J-FT, X-HY, J-SJ), Lishui Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University; Department of Infection Diseases (H-YP); Department of Tumor Surgery (JL), the First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University; and Department of Cardiology (HZ), Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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89
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Markowitz GJ, Yang P, Fu J, Michelotti GA, Chen R, Sui J, Yang B, Qin WH, Zhang Z, Wang FS, Diehl AM, Li QJ, Wang H, Wang XF. Inflammation-Dependent IL18 Signaling Restricts Hepatocellular Carcinoma Growth by Enhancing the Accumulation and Activity of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes. Cancer Res 2016; 76:2394-405. [PMID: 26893476 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation in liver tissue is an underlying cause of hepatocellular carcinoma. High levels of inflammatory cytokine IL18 in the circulation of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma correlates with poor prognosis. However, conflicting results have been reported for IL18 in hepatocellular carcinoma development and progression. In this study, we used tissue specimens from hepatocellular carcinoma patients and clinically relevant mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma to evaluate IL18 expression and function. In a mouse model of liver fibrosis that recapitulates a tumor-promoting microenvironment, global deletion of the IL18 receptor IL18R1 enhanced tumor growth and burden. Similarly, in a carcinogen-induced model of liver tumorigenesis, IL18R1 deletion increased tumor burden. Mechanistically, we found that IL18 exerted inflammation-dependent tumor-suppressive effects largely by promoting the differentiation, activity, and survival of tumor-infiltrating T cells. Finally, differences in the expression of IL18 in tumor tissue versus nontumor tissue were more predictive of patient outcome than overall tissue expression. Taken together, our findings resolve a long-standing contradiction regarding a tumor-suppressive role for IL18 in established hepatocellular carcinoma and provide a mechanistic explanation for the complex relationship between its expression pattern and hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis. Cancer Res; 76(8); 2394-405. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey J Markowitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Pengyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Fu
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gregory A Michelotti
- Department of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jianhua Sui
- Biologics Research Center, National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Hao Qin
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Research Center for Biological Therapy, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Research Center for Biological Therapy, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Anna Mae Diehl
- Department of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Qi-Jing Li
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Hongyang Wang
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
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90
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Huang L, Hu B, Ni J, Wu J, Jiang W, Chen C, Yang L, Zeng Y, Wan R, Hu G, Wang X. Transcriptional repression of SOCS3 mediated by IL-6/STAT3 signaling via DNMT1 promotes pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:27. [PMID: 26847351 PMCID: PMC4743194 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0301-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have investigated the sustained aberrantly activated Interleukin-6 (IL-6)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway is crucial for pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), as a key negative feedback regulator of this signaling pathway, is usually down-regulated in various cancers. In the present study, we aim at exploring the biological function and the underlying molecular regulation mechanisms of SOCS3 in pancreatic cancer. METHODS The expression of SOCS3 and other genes in pancreatic cancer was examined by Quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. The interaction between pSTAT3 and DNA Methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) was investigated by co-immunoprecipitation assay. Luciferase reporter assay was used to investigate the transcriptional regulation of pSTAT3 and DNMT1 on the SOCS3 gene. The effects of SOCS3 on the biological behavior of pancreatic cancer cells were assessed both in vitro and vivo. Furthermore, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the expression of SOCS3 in a pancreatic cancer tissue microarray (TMA) and correlated our findings with pathological parameters and outcomes of the patients. RESULTS We showed that SOCS3 expression was decreased in phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3)-positive tumors and was negatively correlated with pSTAT3 in pancreatic cancer cells. We also found that IL-6/STAT3 promoted SOCS3 promoter hypermethylation by increasing DNMT1 activity; silencing DNMT1 or 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (5-AZA) treatment could reverse the down-regulation of SOCS3 mediated by IL-6. Using co-immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays, we found that STAT3 recruited DNMT1 to the promoter region of SOCS3 and inhibited its transcriptional activity. Overexpression of SOCS3 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, which may be due to the increase in G1-S phase arrest; overexpression of SOCS3 also inhibited cell migration and invasion as well as tumorigenicity in nude mice. Pancreatic cancer tissue microarray analysis showed that high SOCS3 expression was a good prognostic factor and negatively correlated with tumor volume and metastasis. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that activated IL-6/STAT3 signaling could induce SOCS3 methylation via DNMT1, which led to pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis. These data also provided a mechanistic link between sustained aberrantly activated IL-6/STAT3 signaling and SOCS3 down-regulation in pancreatic cancer. Thus, inhibitors of STAT3 or DNMT1 may become novel strategies for treating pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District 200080 China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District 200080 China
| | - Jianbo Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District 200080 China
| | - Jianghong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District 200080 China
| | - Weiliang Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District 200080 China
| | - Congying Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District 200080 China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District 200080 China
| | - Yue Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District 200080 China
| | - Rong Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District 200080 China
| | - Guoyong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District 200080 China
| | - Xingpeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District 200080 China
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Dai ZM, Zhang TS, Lin S, Zhang WG, Liu J, Cao XM, Li HB, Wang M, Liu XH, Liu K, Li SL, Dai ZJ. Role of IL-17A rs2275913 and IL-17F rs763780 polymorphisms in risk of cancer development: an updated meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20439. [PMID: 26843459 PMCID: PMC4740815 DOI: 10.1038/srep20439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the interleukin-17 (IL-17) gene have been shown to be correlated with susceptibility to cancer. However, various studies report different results of this association. The aim of the present work was to clarify the effects of IL-17A G197A (rs2275913) and IL-17F T7488C (rs763780) polymorphisms on cancer risk. We performed systematic searches of the PubMed and CNKI databases to obtain relevant publications. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the association of rs2275913 and rs763780 polymorphisms with cancer risk. Data were extracted from the selected studies, and statistical analysis was conducted using the STATA software. Our results indicated that rs2275913 and rs763780 polymorphisms significantly increase cancer risk, especially in gastric cancers. Subgroup analysis suggested the existence of a significant correlation between rs763780 polymorphism and cancer susceptibility in Caucasian populations. This updated meta-analysis confirms that rs2275913 and rs763780 polymorphisms are highly associated with increased risk for multiple forms of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ming Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.,Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Tian-Song Zhang
- Department Of TCM, The Jing'an District Center Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Shuai Lin
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Wang-Gang Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Xing-Mei Cao
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Hong-Bao Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Xing-Han Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Shan-Li Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Dai
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
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Fu YP, Ni XC, Yi Y, Cai XY, He HW, Wang JX, Lu ZF, Han X, Cao Y, Zhou J, Fan J, Qiu SJ. A Novel and Validated Inflammation-Based Score (IBS) Predicts Survival in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Following Curative Surgical Resection: A STROBE-Compliant Article. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2784. [PMID: 26886627 PMCID: PMC4998627 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As chronic inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we investigated the prognostic accuracy of a cluster of inflammatory scores, including the Glasgow Prognostic Score, modified Glasgow Prognostic Score, platelet to lymphocyte ratio, Prognostic Nutritional Index, Prognostic Index, and a novel Inflammation-Based Score (IBS) integrated preoperative and postoperative neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in 2 independent cohorts. Further, we aimed to formulate an effective prognostic nomogram for HCC after hepatectomy.Prognostic value of inflammatory scores and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage were studied in a training cohort of 772 patients with HCC underwent hepatectomy. Independent predictors of survival identified in multivariate analysis were validated in an independent set of 349 patients with an overall similar clinical feature.In both training and validation cohorts, IBS, microscopic vascular invasion, and BCLC stage emerged as independent factors of overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). The predictive capacity of the IBS in both OS and RFS appeared superior to that of the other inflammatory scores in terms of C-index. Additionally, the formulated nomogram comprised IBS resulted in more accurate prognostic prediction compared with BCLC stage alone.IBS is a novel and validated prognostic indicator of HCC after curative resection, and a robust HCC nomogram including IBS was developed to predict survival for patients after hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Peng Fu
- From the Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital and Shanghai Medical School (Y-PF, X-CN, YY, X-YC, H-WH, J-XW, Z-FL, JZ, JF, S-JQ) and Biomedical Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital (XH, S-JQ), Fudan University; Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, The Chinese Ministry of Education (Y-PF, X-CN, YY, X-YC, H-WH, J-XW, Z-FL, JZ, JF, S-JQ), Shanghai, P.R. China; and Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (YC), Hunan, China
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93
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Frick VO, Rubie C, Keilholz U, Ghadjar P. Chemokine/chemokine receptor pair CCL20/CCR6 in human colorectal malignancy: An overview. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:833-841. [PMID: 26811629 PMCID: PMC4716081 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i2.833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines belong to a superfamily of small, cytokine-like proteins, which induce multiple physiological functions, particularly cytoskeletal rearrangement and compartment-specific migration through their interaction with G-protein-coupled receptors. Chemokines and their receptors have been widely acknowledged as essential and selective mediators in leukocyte migration in inflammatory response. It is now established that the chemokine/chemokine receptor system is also used by cancer cells to direct lymphatic and haematogenous spreading and additionally has an impact on the site of metastatic growth of different tumours. In recent years an increasing number of studies have drawn attention to CC-chemokine cysteine motif chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) and its physiological sole receptor CCR6 to play a role in the onset, development and metastatic spread of various gastrointestinal cancer entities. Among various cancer types CCR6 was also demonstrated to be significantly overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and stimulation by its physiological ligand CCL20 has been reported to promote CRC cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Further, the CCL20/CCR6 system apparently plays a role in the organ-selective liver metastasis of CRC. Here we review the literature on expression patterns of CCL20 and CCR6 and their physiological interactions as well as the currently presumed role of CCL20 and CCR6 in the formation of CRC and the development of liver metastasis, providing a potential basis for novel treatment strategies.
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94
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Zhao YX, Ju J, Wang W, Ye JF. Role of interleukin 17 in fatty liver disease and other liver diseases. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:5790-5796. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i36.5790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver disease is a lipid metabolism disorder in the liver, with a variety of etiologies which result in the accumulation of fat in the liver. The pathogenesis of fatty liver disease is still unclear and symptomatic treatment is the main method. In recent years, the incidence of fatty liver disease in China is increasing year by year, and the age of onset becomes younger. Recent studies suggest that interleukin 17 (IL-17) is involved not only in the pathogenesis of various diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, and malignant tumors, but also in fatty liver and other liver diseases through inducing insulin resistance, activating some important pathways in the liver, mediating some inflammatory factors and so on. This paper will review the role of IL-17 in fatty liver disease and other liver diseases.
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95
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Li L, Xu L, Yan J, Zhen ZJ, Ji Y, Liu CQ, Lau WY, Zheng L, Xu J. CXCR2-CXCL1 axis is correlated with neutrophil infiltration and predicts a poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:129. [PMID: 26503598 PMCID: PMC4621872 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0247-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background & aims Inflammation is a hallmark of cancer, yet the mechanisms that regulate immune cell infiltration into tumors remain poorly characterized. This study attempted to characterize the composition, distribution, and prognostic value of CXCR2+ cells in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to examine the CXCR2 ligands that are responsible for local immune infiltration in different areas of HCC tumors. Methods Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescene were used to identify CXCR2+ cells in HCC tissues. Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox regression models were applied to estimate recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) for 259 HCC patients. The expression levels of CXCR2 ligands (CXCL-1, −2, −5, and −8) were measured by real-time PCR and compared with local immune cell density. The combined prognostic value of the CXCR2–CXCL1 axis was further evaluated. Results In HCC tissues, CXCR2+ cells were mainly neutrophils that were enriched in the peri-tumoral stroma (PS) region. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that increased CXCR2+PS cells were associated with reduced RFS and OS (P = 0.015 for RFS; P = 0.002 for OS). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis identified CXCR2+PS cell density as an independent prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.737, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 1.167–2.585, P = 0.006). Furthermore, we detected a positive correlation between the density of CD15+ neutrophils and CXCL1 levels in both the peri-tumoral stroma and intra-tumoral regions. The combination of CXCR2 and CXCL1 expression levels represented a powerful predictor of a poor prognosis for patients with HCC. Conclusions Our data showed that the CXCR2+ cell density was an independent prognostic factor for predicting OS for HCC patients. The CXCR2–CXCL1 axis can regulate neutrophil infiltration into HCC tumor tissues and might represent a useful target for anti-HCC therapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-015-0247-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Hepatic & Pancreatic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Li Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jing Yan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, One Jimmy Fund Way, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zuo-Jun Zhen
- Department of Hepatic & Pancreatic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yong Ji
- Department of Hepatic & Pancreatic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Chao-Qun Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wan Yee Lau
- Department of Hepatic & Pancreatic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
| | - Limin Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Hepatic & Pancreatic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, P. R. China.
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96
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Wu B, Wang Y, Yang XM, Xu BQ, Feng F, Wang B, Liang Q, Li Y, Zhou Y, Jiang JL, Chen ZN. Basigin-mediated redistribution of CD98 promotes cell spreading and tumorigenicity in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2015; 34:110. [PMID: 26437640 PMCID: PMC4594993 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0226-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulated endocytosis of membrane proteins contributes significantly to several hallmarks of cancer. Basigin can enhance cancer progression, but its precise mechanism remains unclear. CD98 promotes cell spreading and tumorigenicity by triggering integrin clustering and enhancing cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix. The endocytosis and recyle of basigin and CD98 might play critical roles in cancer. Methods The role of CD98 was confirmed in liver cancer cells by cell spreading in vitro and tumorigenicity by nude mice xenograft tumor assay in vivo; membrane expression of basigin and CD98 in SMMC-7721 was measured by FCAS; pull down and SPR analysis were uses to reveal the direct association between basigin and CD98; DsRed1 tagged CD98 was blocked in the cytoplasm in K7721 (whose basigin was knockn out) and had a well colocalization with ER and Rab5a positive recycling endosomes under co-focal; finally, by FRET imaging and FCAS we observed the internalization of basigin and CD98 was flotillin-1-regulated, and their recycle at early steps was Arf6-mediated. Results Basigin and CD98 were highly expressed and co-localized on the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell membrane; basigin can directly bind to CD98, mediating CD98 redistribution on the HCC cell membrane and activating the downstream integrin signaling pathway. Internalization of basigin and CD98 was flotillin-1 regulated the and their recycling was mediated by Arf6. This recycling process for basigin and CD98 promotes cell spreading and tumor growth in liver cancer xenografts. Conclusion Basigin, as a redistribution chaperone of CD98, plays a critical role in promoting cell spreading and the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-015-0226-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- Cell Engineering Research Centre & Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Cell Engineering Research Centre & Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China.
| | - Xiang-Min Yang
- Cell Engineering Research Centre & Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China.
| | - Bao-Qing Xu
- Cell Engineering Research Centre & Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China.
| | - Fei Feng
- Cell Engineering Research Centre & Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Cell Engineering Research Centre & Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China.
| | - Qiang Liang
- Cell Engineering Research Centre & Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Li
- Cell Engineering Research Centre & Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Zhou
- Cell Engineering Research Centre & Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China.
| | - Jian-Li Jiang
- Cell Engineering Research Centre & Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China.
| | - Zhi-Nan Chen
- Cell Engineering Research Centre & Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China.
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DDR2 facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma invasion and metastasis via activating ERK signaling and stabilizing SNAIL1. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:101. [PMID: 26362312 PMCID: PMC4567819 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0218-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have found that DDR2 is up-regulated in many tumor types and facilitates tumor progression. However, the role of DDR2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression and its downstream signaling pathways remain unclear. METHODS DDR2 expression was assessed in several cell lines and 112 pairs of HCC and matched adjacent noncancerous liver tissues. Clinical significance of DDR2 in HCC was analyzed. Phosphorylated DDR2 (p-DDR2) expression was detected by immunoblotting to evaluate its correlation with DDR2. The effect of DDR2 on HCC cell migration and invasion were examined. Cycloheximide chase experiments were performed to detect the half-life of SNAIL1. Moreover, DDR2 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry to evaluate its correlation with SNAIL1. The regulatory effect of DDR2 on ERK signaling, SNAIL1, EMT, MT1-MMP and MMP2 was confirmed by immunoblotting. The effect of type I collagen on DDR2/ERK2/SNAIL1 signaling was assessed. RESULTS DDR2 was more highly expressed in HCC than in non-HCC tissues. DDR2 overexpression was correlated with clinicopathological features of poor prognosis. Clinical analysis revealed that DDR2 is an independent prognostic marker for predicting overall survival and disease free survival of HCC patients. Overexpression of DDR2 is associated with p-DDR2 amplification. In vitro studies showed that DDR2 facilitates HCC cell invasion, migration and EMT via activating ERK2 and stabilizing SNAIL1. DDR2 can up-regulate MT1-MMP and MMP2 expression through ERK2/SNAIL1 signaling in HCC. Additionally, collagen I can induce DDR2/ERK2/SNAIL1 signaling activation in HCC cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that DDR2 plays an important role in promoting HCC cell invasion and migration, and may serve as a novel therapeutic target in HCC.
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98
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Liao R, Tang ZW, Li DW, Luo SQ, Huang P, Du CY. Preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts recurrence of patients with single-nodule small hepatocellular carcinoma following curative resection: a retrospective report. World J Surg Oncol 2015; 13:265. [PMID: 26328917 PMCID: PMC4557750 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-015-0670-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been identified as a predictor for the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the cut-off of NLR is inconsistent in various studies. Thus, we detected the prognostic value of preoperative NLR in the single-nodule small HCC (SHCC) patients using X-tile for cutpoint. METHODS Between January 2007 and December 2010, a total of 222 single-nodule SHCC patients underwent curative resection and were examined for the prognostic roles of preoperative NLR by X-tile. RESULTS In this study, all patients were divided into the low-NLR subgroup (NLR ≤ 2.1) and the high-NLR subgroup (NLR > 2.1) by X-tile. Preoperative NLR showed predictive value for time to recurrence (TTR) and overall survival (OS). Moreover, NLR was associated with total bilirubin, white blood cell counts, and HBsAg, respectively (P = 0.012, <0.001, and 0.011, respectively). Especially, NLR could discriminate the outcome of patients in the subgroup with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels of ≤400 ng/mL. Importantly, postoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) had close relationship with OS (P = 0.001) and TTR (P ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Therefore, this study indicates that preoperative NLR, divided by X-tile for the cutpoint, is a simple prognostic marker for the patients with single-nodule SHCC after curative resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Zhuo-Wei Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, 621000, China.
| | - De-Wei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Shi-Qiao Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Cheng-You Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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99
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Tian M, Li Y, Liu W, Jin L, Jiang X, Wang X, Ding Z, Peng Y, Zhou J, Fan J, Cao Y, Wang W, Shi Y. The nanomechanical signature of liver cancer tissues and its molecular origin. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:12998-3010. [PMID: 26168746 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr02192h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Patients with cirrhosis are at higher risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the second most frequent cause of cancer-related deaths. Although HCC diagnosis based on conventional morphological characteristics serves as the "gold standard" in the clinic, there is a high demand for more convenient and effective diagnostic methods that employ new biophysical perspectives. Here, we show that the nanomechanical signature of liver tissue is directly correlated with the development of HCC. Using indentation-type atomic force microscopy (IT-AFM), we demonstrate that the lowest elasticity peak (LEP) in the Young's modulus distribution of surgically removed liver cancer tissues can serve as a mechanical fingerprint to evaluate the malignancy of liver cancer. Cirrhotic tissues shared the same LEP as normal tissues. However, a noticeable downward shift in the LEP was detected when the cirrhotic tissues progressed to a malignant state, making the tumor tissues more prone to microvascular invasion. Cell-level mechanistic studies revealed that the expression level of a Rho-family effector (mDia1) was consistent with the mechanical trend exhibited by the tissue. Our findings indicate that the mechanical profiles of liver cancer tissues directly varied with tumor progression, providing an additional platform for the future diagnosis of HCC.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/antagonists & inhibitors
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Elastic Modulus
- Formins
- Humans
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis/metabolism
- Liver Cirrhosis/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Microscopy, Atomic Force
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Nanotechnology
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- rho GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- rhoC GTP-Binding Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Tian
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
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100
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Zeng Y, Zhang Q, Wang H, Lu M, Kong H, Zhang Y, Shi H. Prognostic significance of interleukin-17 in solid tumors: a meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:10515-10536. [PMID: 26379842 PMCID: PMC4565225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic significance of intratumoral and peripheral interleukin-17 (IL-17) in tumors has been studied worldwide during these years, providing un-uniformed conclusions. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis of published literatures that evaluated the correlation between IL-17 and clinical staging, overall survival (OS) and/or disease free survival (DFS). RESULTS A total of 28 studies enrolling 2902 patients were included. For the overall population, a high expression of IL-17 was found significantly correlated with worse DFS (HR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.24-2.03) in patients with solid tumors. For gastrointestinal tumors, patients with IL-17 high seemed to have worse OS (HR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.24-2.75) and DFS (HR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.98-2.92). Sub-group meta-analysis revealed that IL-17 indicated late clinical staging in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (HR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.25-4.32), on the other hand, early clinical staging in patients with esophageal squamous carcinoma (HR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.42-0.94). Negative impacts of IL-17 on OS were shown in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (HR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.23-2.84) or NSCLC (HR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.02-2.35). However, positive impacts on OS were provided in patients with esophageal squamous carcinoma (HR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.50-0.84). Besides, a high expression of IL-17 predicted better DFS in ovarian cancer patients (HR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.11-1.00). CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis revealed that IL-17 might correlate with poor OS and DFS in gastrointestinal tumors. Specifically, IL-17 was a detrimental factor for HCC and NSCLC patients, whereas a beneficial factor for patients with esophageal squamous carcinoma and ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, PRC
| | - Qiongwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, PRC
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, PRC
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, PRC
| | - Minxun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, PRC
| | - Hongyu Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, PRC
| | - Yingyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, PRC
| | - Huashan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, PRC
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, PRC
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