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Serum levels of resistin and its relationship with some pro-inflammatory cytokines in a cohort of Egyptian patients with Alzheimer's disease. ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2020.100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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52
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Manji Z, Rojas A, Wang W, Dingledine R, Varvel NH, Ganesh T. 5xFAD Mice Display Sex-Dependent Inflammatory Gene Induction During the Prodromal Stage of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 70:1259-1274. [PMID: 31322556 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology consists of extracellular deposits of amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. These pathological alterations are accompanied by a neuroinflammatory response consisting of increased expression of inflammatory mediators. An anti-inflammatory strategy designed to prevent or delay the development of AD would benefit from knowing when neuroinflammation appears in the transgenic models during prodromal disease stages relative to Aβ pathology. We investigated the expression patterns of inflammatory mediators in the brain of 5xFAD mice in comparison to development of Aβ deposition. Expression changes in inflammatory mediators and glial markers are more robust in female mice starting at three months of age, in contrast to males in which there is no clear trend through five months. Female and male 5xFAD mice also displayed an age-dependent increase in cortical Aβ deposition congruent with neuroinflammation. Thus, in the 5xFAD mouse model of AD, administration of an anti-inflammatory agent would be most efficacious when administered before three months of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Manji
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Asheebo Rojas
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wenyi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Raymond Dingledine
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nicholas H Varvel
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thota Ganesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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53
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Paouri E, Georgopoulos S. Systemic and CNS Inflammation Crosstalk: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 16:559-574. [PMID: 30907316 DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666190321154618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
After years of failed therapeutic attempts targeting beta-amyloid (Aβ) in AD, there is now increasing evidence suggesting that inflammation holds a pivotal role in AD pathogenesis and immune pathways can possibly comprise primary therapeutic targets. Inflammation is a key characteristic of numerous diseases including neurodegenerative disorders and thus not surprisingly suppression of inflammation frequently constitutes a major therapeutic strategy for a wide spectrum of disorders. Several brain-resident and peripherally-derived immune populations and inflammatory mediators are involved in AD pathophysiology, with microglia comprising central cellular player in the disease process. Systemic inflammation, mostly in the form of infections, has long been observed to induce behavioral alterations and cognitive dysfunction, suggesting for a close interaction of the peripheral immune system with the brain. Systemic inflammation can result in neuroinflammation, mainly exhibited as microglial activation, production of inflammatory molecules, as well as recruitment of peripheral immune cells in the brain, thus shaping a cerebral inflammatory milieu that may seriously impact neuronal function. Increasing clinical and experimental studies have provided significant evidence that acute (e.g. infections) or chronic (e.g. autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis) systemic inflammatory conditions may be associated with increased AD risk and accelerate AD progression. Here we review the current literature that links systemic with CNS inflammation and the implications of this interaction for AD in the context of acute and chronic systemic pathologies as acute infection and rheumatoid arthritis. Elucidating the mechanisms that govern the crosstalk between the peripheral and the local brain immune system may provide the ground for new therapeutic approaches that target the immune-brain interface and shed light on the understanding of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evi Paouri
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spiros Georgopoulos
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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54
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Dayer M, MacIver DH, Rosen SD. The central nervous system and heart failure. Future Cardiol 2020; 17:363-381. [PMID: 32933321 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2020-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The view that chronic heart failure was exclusively a disease of the heart dominated the cardiovascular literature until relatively recently. However, over the last 40 years it has increasingly come to be seen as a multisystem disease. Aside from changes in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, adaptations to the lungs, muscles and gastrointestinal tract have been clearly documented. It is clear that the brain and CNS are also affected in patients with heart failure, although this is often under recognized. The purpose of this review is to summarize the changes in the structure and biochemical function of the CNS in patients with chronic heart failure and to discuss their potential importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Dayer
- Department of Cardiology, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton, TA1 5DA, UK
| | - David H MacIver
- Department of Cardiology, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton, TA1 5DA, UK.,Biological Physics Group, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Stuart D Rosen
- Ealing & Royal Brompton Hospitals, Uxbridge Rd, Southall, UB1 3HW, UK.,Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK
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55
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Cognitive impairment in elderly patients with rheumatic disease and the effect of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. Clin Rheumatol 2020; 40:1221-1231. [PMID: 32862311 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05372-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent development of biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) has led to better control of disease activity among patients with chronic rheumatological diseases. Many patients with rheumatic disease are living longer, adding to the growing elderly population. Rheumatic diseases, most notably rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), are known to increase the risk of cognitive impairment. Systemic inflammation associated with chronic rheumatological diseases has been postulated to be key driver of cognitive decline. Recent development of classic and biologic DMARDs have led to better control of disease activity among patients with rheumatic conditions. It is proposed that strict control of systemic inflammation will significantly lower the risk of cognitive impairment among patients with rheumatic disease. The impact of classic DMARDs on cognitive function appears to be variable. On the other hand, biologic DMARDs, specifically antitumor necrosis factor (TNF) drugs (i.e., etanercept), have been shown to significantly lower the risk of dementia. Experimental studies on IL-1, IL-6, and B and T cell blockade are promising. However, clinical data is limited. Preclinical studies on targeted therapies, specifically JAK/STAT inhibitors, also show promising results. Additional studies are necessary to better understand the impact of these newer biologic agents on cognitive function in elderly patients with rheumatic disease. Key points • Patients with chronic rheumatic conditions are beginning to live longer, adding to the elderly population. • Patients with chronic rheumatologic disease are at increased risk of cognitive impairment compared to the general population. • Recent development of biologic (i.e., TNF, IL-1, IL-6) and targeted drugs (i.e., Janus kinase inhibitors) have led to better control of disease activity. • Current evidence suggests that TNF inhibitors may have beneficial effects on cognitive function. However, evidence on newer biologic and targeted therapies is limited.
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56
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Jackson JM, Bay AA, Barter JD, Ni L, Caudle WM, Serra MC, Wharton W, Hackney ME. The Role of Nutrition and Inflammation on Cognition in a High-Risk Group for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2020; 4:345-352. [PMID: 33024941 PMCID: PMC7504978 DOI: 10.3233/adr-200224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease. Treatments are necessary to target people at high risk for AD. Inflammation, particularly tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), appears to be an important marker associated with the development of AD pathophysiology. Consuming a high-fat diet induces tissue expression of TNFα. Objective: This study investigates the relationship between nutrition, circulating inflammation, and cognition in African American women (age: M = 59.5 (±8.20) [42–73] years) at risk for developing AD. Methods: Participants were split into high-fat and low-fat groups based on total dietary fat consumption self-reported on the Lower Mississippi Delta Nutrition Intervention Research Initiative Food Frequency Questionnaire (Delta NIRI FFQ). Results: A high-fat diet was associated with increased blood serum TNFα (p = 0.02) compared to the low-fat diet. In addition, global cognition scores were 9.0% better in those who consumed a higher fat diet (p = 0.04). No significant differences across groups were noted for executive function, dual-tasking, and visuospatial performance. Conclusion: These results indicate that there may be multiple biological pathways involved in AD development, suggesting the need for more holistic approaches to mitigate AD-development risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Jackson
- Emory University's Rollins School of Public Health, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Allison A Bay
- Emory University School of Medicine Department of Medicine, Division of General Medicine and Geriatrics, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jolie Denise Barter
- Emory University School of Medicine Department of Medicine, Division of General Medicine and Geriatrics, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Liang Ni
- Emory University School of Medicine Department of Medicine, Division of General Medicine and Geriatrics, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - William Michael Caudle
- Emory University's Rollins School of Public Health, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Emory Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Monica C Serra
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology & Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.,San Antonio Geriatrics Research, Education & Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Madeleine E Hackney
- Emory University School of Medicine Department of Medicine, Division of General Medicine and Geriatrics, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Emory University School of Nursing, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Atlanta VA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Decatur, GA, USA.,Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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57
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Li X, Tong Q, Gao J, Liu C, Liu Y. Osteoarthritis Was Associated With a Faster Decline in Hippocampal Volumes in Cognitively Normal Older People. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:190. [PMID: 32922280 PMCID: PMC7456859 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with a change in adjusted hippocampal volumes (HpVR: hippocampal/intracranial volume × 103) over time among cognitively normal older people. METHODS We examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of OA with HpVR among individuals with normal cognition (NC) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) study. At baseline, a total of 372 individuals with NC were included. RESULTS In the cross-sectional analyses of baseline data, we did not find a significant relationship between OA and HpVR among individuals with NC. However, in the longitudinal analyses, OA was significantly associated with change in HpVR over time among individuals with NC. Specifically, compared with individuals without OA, those with OA showed a faster decline in HpVR over time when controlling for other potential confounders, including age, educational attainment, gender, and APOE4 genotype. CONCLUSION OA status was significantly associated with a change in HpVR over time among individuals with NC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiaowen Tong
- Department of Neurology, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianqing Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Cailong Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Yangbo Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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58
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Puccio D, Vizzini MC, Baiamonte V, Lunetta M, Evola S, Galassi AR, Novo G. Atrial fibrillation and cognitive disorders: An overview on possible correlation. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 191:111326. [PMID: 32768444 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Atrial Fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia affecting people of all ages, principally the elderly. Cognitive decline and dementia are also prevalent diseases in elderly. The scientific community always showed interest in the possible association between these two pathological entities, both implicating social and economic burden. This has been confirmed by several longitudinal population-based studies. Some studies also revealed that the association between atrial fibrillation and dementia may be not related to history of stroke. Therefore, other pathophysiological mechanisms are likely implicated, so far unclear or undefined. The aim of the present review is to analyse the possible mechanisms underlying the frequent association between atrial fibrillation and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Puccio
- Cardiology Unit, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy.
| | - M Chiara Vizzini
- Cardiology Unit, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy; Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Monica Lunetta
- Cardiology Unit, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Evola
- Cardiology Unit, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alfredo Ruggero Galassi
- Cardiology Unit, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy; Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Novo
- Cardiology Unit, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy; Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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59
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Khalifeh M, Read MI, Barreto GE, Sahebkar A. Trehalose against Alzheimer's Disease: Insights into a Potential Therapy. Bioessays 2020; 42:e1900195. [PMID: 32519387 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Trehalose is a natural disaccharide with a remarkable ability to stabilize biomolecules. In recent years, trehalose has received growing attention as a neuroprotective molecule and has been tested in experimental models for different neurodegenerative diseases. Although the underlying neuroprotective mechanism of trehalose's action is unclear, one of the most important hypotheses is autophagy induction. The chaperone-like activity of trehalose and the ability to modulate inflammatory responses has also been reported. There is compelling evidence that the dysfunction of autophagy and aggregation of misfolded proteins contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, given the linking between trehalose and autophagy induction, it appears to be a promising therapy for AD. Herein, the published studies concerning the use of trehalose as a potential therapy for AD are summarized, providing a rationale for applying trehalose to reduce Alzheimer's pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoomeh Khalifeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Morgayn I Read
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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60
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Loeffler DA. AMBAR, an Encouraging Alzheimer's Trial That Raises Questions. Front Neurol 2020; 11:459. [PMID: 32547478 PMCID: PMC7272580 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Grifols' recent Alzheimer Management by Albumin Replacement (“AMBAR”) study investigated the effects of plasmapheresis with albumin replacement, plus intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in some subjects, in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). AMBAR was a phase IIb trial in the United States and a phase III trial in Europe. There were three treatment groups (plasmapheresis with albumin replacement; plasmapheresis with low dose albumin and IVIG; plasmapheresis with high dose albumin and IVIG) and sham-treated controls. Disease progression in pooled treated patients was 66% less than control subjects based on ADAS-Cog scores (p = 0.06) and 52% less based on ADCS-ADL scores (p = 0.03). Moderate AD patients had 61% less progression, based on both ADAS-Cog and ADCS-ADL scores, than their sham-treated counterparts (p-values 0.05 and 0.002), and their CDR-Sb scores declined 53% less than their sham-treated counterparts. However, ADAS-Cog and ADCS-ADL scores were not significantly different between actively-treated and sham-treated mild AD patients, although CDR-Sb scores improved vs. baseline for treated mild AD patients. Patients administered both IVIG and albumin had less reduction in brain glucose metabolism than sham-treated patients. Questions raised by these findings include: what mechanism(s) contributed to slowing of disease progression? Is this approach as effective in mild AD as in moderate AD? Must IVIG be included in the protocol? Does age, sex, or ApoE genotype influence treatment response? Does the protocol increase the risk for amyloid-related imaging abnormalities? How long does disease progression remain slowed post-treatment? A further study should allow this approach to be optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Loeffler
- Beaumont Research Institute, Department of Neurology, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, United States
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61
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Lewis CR, Sowards HA, Huentelman MJ, Doane LD, Lemery-Chalfant K. Epigenetic differences in inflammation genes of monozygotic twins are related to parent-child emotional availability and health. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 5:100084. [PMID: 34589859 PMCID: PMC8474531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response is an immune defense engaged immediately after injury or infection. Chronic inflammation can be deleterious for various health outcomes and is characterized by high levels of pro-inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). A large body of research demonstrates these inflammatory markers are responsive to stress and quality of social relationships throughout the lifespan. For example, the quality of the early parental bond predicts various health outcomes and may be driven by changes in immune function. Epigenetic processes, such as DNA methylation, may be one mechanism by which early social experiences shape immune functioning. The present study used a monozygotic twin difference design to assess if mother-reported emotional availability at 1 year and 2.5 years predicted immune gene methylation at 8 years of age. Further, we assessed if inflammation gene methylation was related to general health problems (e.g. infections, allergies, etc.). We found that mother-reported emotional availability at 1 year, but not 2.5 years, was related to methylation of various immune genes in monozygotic twins. Furthermore, twin pairs discordant in health problems have more difference in immune gene methylation compared to twin pairs concordant for health problems, suggesting that methylation of immune genes may have functional consequences for general health. These results suggest that the emotional component of attachment quality during infancy contributes to immune epigenetic profiles in childhood, which may influence general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace R Lewis
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Neurogenomics Division, United States.,Arizona State University, Psychology Department, United States
| | | | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Neurogenomics Division, United States
| | - Leah D Doane
- Arizona State University, Psychology Department, United States
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62
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Shen XN, Lu Y, Tan CTY, Liu LY, Yu JT, Feng L, Larbi A. Identification of inflammatory and vascular markers associated with mild cognitive impairment. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:2403-2419. [PMID: 31039131 PMCID: PMC6520012 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Biochemical processes have been associated with the pathogenesis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia, including chronic inflammation, dysregulation of membrane lipids and disruption of neurotransmitter pathways. However, research investigating biomarkers of these processes in MCI remained sparse and inconsistent. To collect fresh evidence, we evaluated the performance of several potential markers in a cohort of 57 MCI patients and 57 cognitively healthy controls. MCI patients showed obviously increased levels of plasma TNF-α (p = 0.045) and C-peptide (p = 0.004) as well as decreased levels of VEGF-A (p = 0.042) and PAI-1 (p = 0.019), compared with controls. In addition, our study detected significant correlations of plasma sTNFR-1 (MCI + Control: B = -6.529, p = 0.020; MCI: B = -9.865, p = 0.011) and sIL-2Rα (MCI + Control: B = -7.010, p = 0.007; MCI: B = -11.834, p = 0.003) levels with MoCA scores in the whole cohort and the MCI group. These findings corroborate the inflammatory and vascular hypothesis for dementia. Future studies are warranted to determine their potential as early biomarkers for cognitive deficits and explore the related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ning Shen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanxia Lu
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Crystal Tze Ying Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ling-Yun Liu
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Neurology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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63
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Postoperative Complications and Health-related Quality of Life 10 Years After Esophageal Cancer Surgery. Ann Surg 2020; 271:311-316. [PMID: 29995688 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000002972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of postoperative complications on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) up to 10 years after surgery for esophageal cancer. BACKGROUND The impact of postoperative complications on HRQOL past 5 years is unknown. METHODS Some 616 patients undergoing open esophageal cancer surgery between April 2, 2001 and December 31, 2005 in Sweden were enrolled in this population-based, nationwide, and prospective cohort study. Exposure was the occurrence of predefined postoperative complications, and the outcome was HRQOL evaluated by validated European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer questionnaires at 6 months, 3, 5, and 10 years after surgery. Linear mixed models, adjusted for longitudinal HRQOL in the general population and confounders, provided mean score differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each HRQOL item and scale in patients with or without postoperative complications. RESULTS At 10 years, 104 (17%) patients were alive and 92 (88%) answered the HRQOL questionnaires. Of these, 37 (40%) had at least 1 predefined postoperative complication. Twelve of the 25 scales and items were significantly worse in patients with postoperative complications 10 years after surgery, for example, physical function (MD -15, 95% CI -24 to -7), fatigue (MD 16, 95% CI 5-26), pain (MD 18, 95% CI 7-30), dyspnea (MD 15, 95% CI 2-27), insomnia (MD 20, 95% CI 8-32), and eating problems (MD 14, 95% CI 3-24) compared to patients without complications. CONCLUSIONS Postoperative complications are associated with considerably impaired HRQOL up to 10 years after esophageal cancer surgery.
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64
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Yen H, Yen H, Chi CC. Is psoriasis associated with dementia or cognitive impairment? A Critically Appraised Topic. Br J Dermatol 2020; 184:34-42. [PMID: 32162307 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CLINICAL QUESTION Is psoriasis associated with dementia or cognitive impairment? BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a multisystemic inflammatory disorder that has an unclear association with cognitive dysfunction. OBJECTIVES To conduct a Critically Appraised Topic that synthesizes the results from relevant observational studies. METHODS A systematic literature search of PubMed and Embase was conducted on 12 July 2019 to identify case-control, cross-sectional or cohort studies that investigated the association between psoriasis and cognitive impairment or dementia. Risk of bias was assessed for each study, and the results presented in a narrative synthesis. RESULTS Eleven studies were included for critical appraisal. Of the 11 studies, 10 compared a total of 16 574 psoriasis cases with over 45 078 controls for risk of dementia or cognitive impairment. One of the 11 studies evaluated 7118 patients with dementia for odds of psoriasis compared with 21 354 controls. Six studies were assessed to have higher risk of bias. Nine of the 11 included studies found a significant positive association between the two diseases, one study a null association, and one study an inverse association. DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATION Most of the 11 included studies found a positive association between psoriasis and either mild cognitive impairment or dementia. Brief cognitive assessments have been suggested to screen older patients with psoriasis who present with subjective cognitive complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yen
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - H Yen
- Department of Dermatology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-C Chi
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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65
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Yang J, Wise L, Fukuchi KI. TLR4 Cross-Talk With NLRP3 Inflammasome and Complement Signaling Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:724. [PMID: 32391019 PMCID: PMC7190872 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid plaques, mainly composed of abnormally aggregated amyloid β-protein (Aβ) in the brain parenchyma, and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), consisting of hyperphosphorylated tau protein aggregates in neurons, are two pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ fibrils and tau aggregates in the brain are closely associated with neuroinflammation and synapse loss, characterized by activated microglia and dystrophic neurites. Genome-wide genetic association studies revealed important roles of innate immune cells in the pathogenesis of late-onset AD by recognizing a dozen genetic risk loci that modulate innate immune activities. Furthermore, microglia, brain resident innate immune cells, have been increasingly recognized to play key, opposing roles in AD pathogenesis by either eliminating toxic Aβ aggregates and enhancing neuronal plasticity or producing proinflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and synaptotoxicity. Aggregated Aβ binds to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and activates microglia, resulting in increased phagocytosis and cytokine production. Complement components are associated with amyloid plaques and NFTs. Aggregated Aβ can activate complement, leading to synapse pruning and loss by microglial phagocytosis. Systemic inflammation can activate microglial TLR4, NLRP3 inflammasome, and complement in the brain, leading to neuroinflammation, Aβ accumulation, synapse loss and neurodegeneration. The host immune response has been shown to function through complex crosstalk between the TLR, complement and inflammasome signaling pathways. Accordingly, targeting the molecular mechanisms underlying the TLR-complement-NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways can be a preventive and therapeutic approach for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, United States
| | - Leslie Wise
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, United States
| | - Ken-Ichiro Fukuchi
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, United States
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66
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Hindam MO, Sayed RH, Skalicka-Woźniak K, Budzyńska B, El Sayed NS. Xanthotoxin and umbelliferone attenuate cognitive dysfunction in a streptozotocin-induced rat model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease: The role of JAK2/STAT3 and Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathway modulation. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2351-2365. [PMID: 32250498 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the neuroprotective effects of xanthotoxin and umbelliferone in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced cognitive dysfunction in rats. Animals were injected intracerebroventricularly (ICV) with STZ (3 mg/kg) once to induce a sporadic Alzheimer's disease (SAD)-like condition. Xanthotoxin or umbelliferone (15 mg/kg, i.p.) were administered 5 hr after ICV-STZ and daily for 20 consecutive days. Xanthotoxin or umbelliferone prevented cognitive deficits in the Morris water maze and object recognition tests. In parallel, xanthotoxin or umbelliferone reduced hippocampal acetylcholinestrase activity and malondialdehyde level. Moreover, xanthotoxin or umbelliferone increased glutathione content. These coumarins also modulated neuronal cell death by reducing the level of proinflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6), inhibiting the overexpression of inflammatory markers (nuclear factor κB [NF-κB] and cyclooxygenase II), and upregulating the expression of NF-κB inhibitor (IκB-α). Interestingly, xanthotoxin diminished phosphorylated JAK2 and phosphorylated STAT3 protein expression, while umbelliferone markedly replenished nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) and haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels. The current study provides evidence for the protective effect of xanthotoxin and umbelliferone in STZ-induced cognitive dysfunction in rats. This effect may be attributed, at least in part, to inhibiting acetylcholinestrase and attenuating oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and neuronal loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merhan O Hindam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rabab H Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Barbara Budzyńska
- Independent Laboratory of Behavioral Studies, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Nesrine S El Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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67
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Swanta N, Aryal S, Nejtek V, Shenoy S, Ghorpade A, Borgmann K. Blood-based inflammation biomarkers of neurocognitive impairment in people living with HIV. J Neurovirol 2020; 26:358-370. [PMID: 32193795 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-020-00834-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation in people living with HIV (PLWH) correlates with severity of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. The objective of this study is to identify blood-based markers of neurocognitive function in a demographic balanced cohort of PLWH. Seven neurocognitive domains were evaluated in 121 seropositive Black/African American, Non-Hispanic White, and White Hispanic men and women using computerized assessments. Associations among standardized neurocognitive function and HIV-related parameters, relevant sociodemographic variables, and inflammation-associated cytokines measured in plasma and cellular supernatants were examined using multivariate and univariate regression models. Outlier and covariate analyses were used to identify and normalize for education level, CD4 T cell count, viral load, CNS and drug abuse comorbidities, which could influence biomarker and neurocognitive function associations. Plasma levels of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL) 8 significantly associated with memory, complex attention, cognitive flexibility, psychomotor speed, executive function, and processing speed. Plasma tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 associated with the aforementioned domains except memory and processing speed. In addition, plasma interleukin-23 significantly associated with processing speed and executive function. Analysis of peripheral blood cell culture supernatants revealed no significant markers for neurocognitive function. In this cohort, CD4 T cell count and education level also significantly associated with neurocognitive function. All identified inflammatory biomarkers demonstrated a negative correlation to neurocognitive function. These cytokines have known connections to HIV pathophysiology and are potential biomarkers for neurocognitive function in PLWH with promising clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Swanta
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Subhash Aryal
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.,Department of Gynecology Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vicki Nejtek
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Sangeeta Shenoy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Anuja Ghorpade
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.,Medical Innovation Collaborative of North Texas, Irving, TX, USA
| | - Kathleen Borgmann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
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68
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Stigger FS, Zago Marcolino MA, Portela KM, Plentz RDM. Effects of Exercise on Inflammatory, Oxidative, and Neurotrophic Biomarkers on Cognitively Impaired Individuals Diagnosed With Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:616-624. [PMID: 30084942 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the effects of physical exercise (PE) on cognitive function in dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have been largely studied, its biochemical effect is still poorly explored. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of PE on inflammatory, oxidative, and neurotrophic biomarkers of participants with MCI or dementia. Six electronic databases, (PubMed, Cochrane Central, Embase, PEDro, PsycINFO, and SportDiscus) were searched for randomized controlled trials assessing the effects of PE on serum and/or plasma biomarkers of elderly participants with MCI or dementia. After selection process, eight studies were included. Meta-analysis was performed by comparison of changes from baseline, using the random effects method. Meta-analysis showed a significant effect of aerobic exercise on interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha decrease and positive effects on brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression. As only one study was included with oxidative biomarker assessment, the effects of PE on oxidative process remain unclear. Finally, even though it was possible to observe positive effects of PE on some biomarkers of MCI and dementia individuals, current evidence does not allow drawing specific practical recommendations such as type, frequency, intensity, or duration of PE in these population. Further researches aiming to estimate the PE effectiveness on biomarkers of MCI and Alzheimer's disease are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe S Stigger
- Postgraduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Miriam A Zago Marcolino
- Postgraduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Karin M Portela
- Postgraduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Della Méa Plentz
- Postgraduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Brazil
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69
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Pereira CF, Santos AE, Moreira PI, Pereira AC, Sousa FJ, Cardoso SM, Cruz MT. Is Alzheimer's disease an inflammasomopathy? Ageing Res Rev 2019; 56:100966. [PMID: 31577960 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly and, despite the tremendous efforts researchers have put into AD research, there are no effective options for prevention and treatment of the disease. The best way to reach this goal is to clarify the mechanisms involved in the onset and progression of AD. In the last few years the views about the drivers of AD have been changing and nowadays it is believed that neuroinflammation takes center stage in disease pathogenesis. Herein, we provide an overview about the role of neuroinflammation in AD describing the role of microglia and astroglia is this process. Then, we will debate the NLRP3 inflammasome putting the focus on its activation through the canonical, non-canonical and alternative pathways and the triggers involved herein namely endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species and amyloid β peptide. Data supporting the hypothesis that inflammasome-mediated peripheral inflammation may contribute to AD pathology will be presented. Finally, a brief discussion about the therapeutic potential of NLRP3 inflammasome modulation is also provided.
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70
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Belleville S, LeBlanc AC, Kergoat MJ, Calon F, Gaudreau P, Hébert SS, Hudon C, Leclerc N, Mechawar N, Duchesne S, Gauthier S. The Consortium for the early identification of Alzheimer's disease-Quebec (CIMA-Q). ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING 2019; 11:787-796. [PMID: 31788534 PMCID: PMC6880140 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The Consortium for the early identification of Alzheimer's disease–Quebec (CIMA-Q) created a research infrastructure to recruit, characterize, and track disease progression in individuals at risk of dementia. Methods CIMA-Q established standardized clinical, neuropsychological, neuroimaging, blood (plasma, serum, RNA, genomic DNA), cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and cerebrospinal fluid collection protocols. These data and biological materials are available to the research community. Results In phase 1, 115 persons with subjective cognitive decline, 88 with mild cognitive impairment, 31 with early probable Alzheimer's disease, and 56 older adults with no worries nor impairments received detailed clinical and cognitive evaluations as well as blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells collections. Among them, 142 underwent magnetic resonance imaging, 29 a 18fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, and 60 a lumbar puncture. Discussion CIMA-Q provides procedures and resources to identify early biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets, and holds promise for detecting cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Well-ascertained cohort of 290 community-dwelling elderly individuals in Quebec. Large number of individuals with subjective cognitive decline studied longitudinally. Clinical, neuropsychology, neuroimaging, and biomaterials available for Alzheimer's disease studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Belleville
- Psychology Department, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Research Center, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Andréa C LeBlanc
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marie-Jeanne Kergoat
- Research Center, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Geriatric, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierrette Gaudreau
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal Research Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sébastien S Hébert
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Carol Hudon
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.,Centre de recherche CERVO, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicole Leclerc
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal Research Center, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Simon Duchesne
- Centre de recherche CERVO, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Serge Gauthier
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,McGill Center for Studies in Aging, Montreal, Canada
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71
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Tay L, Leung B, Yeo A, Chan M, Lim WS. Elevations in Serum Dickkopf-1 and Disease Progression in Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:278. [PMID: 31680933 PMCID: PMC6803458 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Disruption of Wnt signaling has been implicated in dysfunctional synaptic plasticity, the degree of which correlates with Alzheimer's disease severity. We sought to examine whether serum levels of Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1), a Wnt antagonist, are associated with global disease progression in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild-to-moderate AD. Methods: We prospectively followed 88 older adults with MCI and mild-to-moderate AD attending a Memory Clinic. Cognitive performance, functional performance and neuropsychological symptoms were assessed at baseline and after 1 year. We reviewed neuroimaging for white matter changes and medial temporal atrophy, and performed ApoE genotyping at baseline. Serum Dkk-1 was assayed at baseline and 1 year, along with blood biomarkers of inflammation and endocrine dysfunction. We defined global disease progression ("progressors") as an increase in Clinical Dementia Rating Sum-of-Boxes (CDR-SB) score by >2 points at 1 year. Results: Fifteen (17.0%) participants had global disease progression. At baseline, there was no difference in cognitive performance and neuropsychiatric symptoms between groups, although progressors were more impaired in instrumental activities of daily living (p = 0.008). Progressors had significantly greater deterioration in cognitive performance (p = 0.002), with significantly worse functional performance and more severe neuropsychiatric symptoms (p = 0.042) at follow-up. Serum inflammatory and endocrine biomarkers at baseline and 1 year were similar between progressors and non-progressors. Serum Dkk-1 had increased significantly from baseline amongst progressors, while non-progressors exhibited decremental Dkk-1 over time (Dkk-1change: 354.304 ± 670.467 vs. -173.582 ± 535.676 ng/ml, p = 0.001). Adjusting for age, gender and baseline cognitive performance, incremental Dkk-1 independently predicted global cognitive decline (p = 0.012). Conclusion: Our results suggest progressively dysfunctional Wnt signaling through Dkk-1 antagonism contributes to disease progression amongst older adults with MCI and mild-moderate AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tay
- Department of General Medicine, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bernard Leung
- Department of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Audrey Yeo
- Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark Chan
- Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Shiong Lim
- Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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72
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Ki S, Yun J, Kim J, Lee Y. Association Between Dental Implants and Cognitive Function in Community-dwelling Older Adults in Korea. J Prev Med Public Health 2019; 52:333-343. [PMID: 31588703 PMCID: PMC6780296 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.19.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the association between dental implants and cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults. Methods Data were collected from the baseline survey (2016-2017) of the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. The study sample comprised 1115 community-dwelling people aged 70 years to 84 years who had 0-19 natural teeth. Dental implants and natural teeth were identified by panoramic radiography, while the cognitive function was assessed by the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-KC). The association between dental implants and cognitive function was analyzed by multiple linear regression. Sensitivity analysis was performed to test for potential bias. Results The mean number of natural teeth in the study population was 9.50 (standard deviation [SD], 6.42), and the mean MMSE-KC score was 24.93 (SD, 3.55). In the simple univariate analysis, tooth replacement, age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, body mass index, osteoporosis, number of natural teeth, periodontitis, chewing discomfort, tooth-brushing frequency, education level, monthly household income, participation in economic activity, living alone, and marital status had a significant impact on the association. After adjusting for confounders, the association between dental implants and cognitive function remained significant (B, 0.85; standard error, 0.40; p<0.05). Age, body mass index, periodontitis, tooth-brushing frequency, and education level were also significantly associated with cognitive function. The results of the sensitivity analyses were consistent with those of the primary analysis. Conclusions Dental implants were associated with cognitive function in older adults living in the community. Dental implants as tooth replacements may play a role in preserving cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungkook Ki
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jihye Yun
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jinhee Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yunhwan Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Institute on Aging, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Korea
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73
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Li HY, Tsai MS, Huang CG, Wang RYL, Chuang LP, Chen NH, Liu CH, Hsu CM, Cheng WN, Lee LA. Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease-Associated Gene Expression in Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091361. [PMID: 31480626 PMCID: PMC6780075 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) increases the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and inflammation may be involved in the early pathogenesis of AD in patients with OSA. However, the potential pathways between OSA and AD have yet to be established. In this study, we aimed to investigate differential expressions of AD-associated genes in OSA patients without evident AD or dementia. Methods: This prospective case-control study included five patients with severe OSA and five age and sex-matched patients with non-severe OSA without evident dementia who underwent uvulopalatopharyngoplasty between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2015. The expressions of genes associated with AD were analyzed using whole-exome sequencing. Unsupervised two-dimensional hierarchical clustering was performed on these genes. Pearson’s correlation was used as the distance metric to simultaneously cluster subjects and genes. Results: The expressions of CCL2, IL6, CXCL8, HLA-A, and IL1RN in the patients with severe OSA were significantly different from those in the patients with non-severe OSA and contributed to changes in the immune response, cytokine–cytokine receptor interactions, and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor signaling pathways. Conclusions: Inflammation may contribute to the onset of AD and physicians need to be aware of the potential occurrence of AD in patients with severe OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Yu Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shao Tsai
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory, Chiayi, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Guei Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Robert Y L Wang
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Li-Pang Chuang
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taoyuan Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ning-Hung Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taoyuan Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hung Liu
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Hsu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Nuan Cheng
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei 111, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ang Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
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Rizkalla MN, Henderson KK, Huntington-Alfano K, Heinking KP, Koronkiewicz A, Knees M, Hoffman H, Elahi F, Impens A. Does Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment Make a Neuropsychological Difference in Adults With Pain? A Rationale for a New Approach. J Osteopath Med 2019; 118:617-622. [PMID: 30178052 DOI: 10.7556/jaoa.2018.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is common in patients with pain. While symptoms of pain are effectively treated with osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT), the cognitive complaint is vastly ignored. Pain-induced cognitive dysfunction can be severe and is particularly apparent in working memory and attention. There is good reason to expect cognitive responsiveness to OMT. Previous research has reported the effects of OMT on related psychiatric outcomes, including relief from depression and anxiety, suggesting that OMT may produce more cortical benefits than is currently thought. The rationale to link OMT to cognition comes from the tenets of osteopathic medicine: body unity, homeostasis, and the structure-function relationship. The present article provides background evidence to support the hypothetical link between OMT and cognitive benefits and proposes a physiological mechanism of how OMT could exert its effect on cognition. Research strategies are discussed to test the hypotheses that are generated from the proposed theoretical framework.
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75
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Tsui A, Richards M, Davis D. Systemic inflammation and modifiable risk factors for cognitive impairment in older persons: Findings from a British birth cohort. Aging Med (Milton) 2019; 1:243-248. [PMID: 31328177 PMCID: PMC6640037 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum pro‐inflammatory markers may contribute to dementia pathophysiology and cognitive impairment. In a population‐representative birth cohort, serum C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and white cell count (WCC) were measured at age 60‐64 years and cognition was assessed using the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE‐III) at age 69 years. Higher baseline CRP and IL‐6 were associated with lower ACE‐III scores, but associations were attenuated on adjustment for educational attainment, sex, and other modifiable life course factors. No associations were found for CRP, IL‐6, and WCC with visual search speed or verbal memory. In conclusion, the relationship between increased baseline systemic inflammation and poorer cognition in later life may be explained by, or share pathways with, education and other modifiable life course factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Tsui
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
| | | | - Daniel Davis
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
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76
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Cortisol and IgA are Involved in the Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease. A Pilot Study. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 39:1061-1065. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00699-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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77
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Chernick D, Ortiz-Valle S, Jeong A, Qu W, Li L. Peripheral versus central nervous system APOE in Alzheimer's disease: Interplay across the blood-brain barrier. Neurosci Lett 2019; 708:134306. [PMID: 31181302 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele has been demonstrated as the preeminent genetic risk factor for late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), which comprises greater than 90% of all AD cases. The discovery of the connection between different APOE genotypes and AD risk in the early 1990s spurred three decades of intense and comprehensive research into the function of APOE in the normal and diseased brain. The importance of APOE in the periphery has been well established, due to its pivotal role in maintaining cholesterol homeostasis and cardiovascular health. The influence of vascular factors on brain function and AD risk has been extensively studied in recent years. As a major apolipoprotein regulating multiple molecular pathways beyond its canonical lipid-related functions in the periphery and the central nervous system, APOE represents a critical link between the two compartments, and may influence AD risk from both sides of the blood-brain barrier. This review discusses recent advances in understanding the different functions of APOE in the periphery and in the brain, and highlights several promising APOE-targeted therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angela Jeong
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Wenhui Qu
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Ling Li
- Departments of Pharmacology, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
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78
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Gu Y, Manly JJ, Mayeux RP, Brickman AM. An Inflammation-related Nutrient Pattern is Associated with Both Brain and Cognitive Measures in a Multiethnic Elderly Population. Curr Alzheimer Res 2019; 15:493-501. [PMID: 29298649 PMCID: PMC5872372 DOI: 10.2174/1567205015666180101145619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that dietary factors are associated with Alz-heimer’s disease, cognition, and brain health in older adults. It is however unclear whether inflammation explains this association. Objective: To examine whether an inflammation-related nutrient pattern (INP) was associated with neu-roimaging and cognitive measures of brain health. Method: The current cross-sectional study included 330 non-demented elderly (mean age 79 years at MRI scan) participants in a multi-ethnic, community-based cohort study who had information on nutritional in-take (estimated from food frequency questionnaire), circulating C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 (meas-ured by ELISA), MRI scans, and cognition. Diet and blood samples were collected approximately 5.3 years prior to the MRI and cognitive test visit. We used a reduced rank regression model to derive an INP based on 24 nutrients' relationship with CRP and interleukin-6. We examined the association of the INP with brain and cognitive measures using regression models adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, caloric intake, APOE genotype, body mass index, and vascular burden, as well as intracranial volume for the brain MRI measures. Results: The INP was characterized by low intake (effect loading <-0.15) of calcium, vitamins (D, E, A, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6), folate, Ω-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids, and high intake (>0.15) of cholesterol. As designed, this INP was positively correlated with CRP (Pearson’s r=0.25 p=0.005) and interleukin-6 (r=0.30, p<0.0001). Each unit increase in INP was associated with 36.8 cm3 (p=0.023) smaller total brain volume and 0.21 (p=0.038) lower visuospatial z-score. Mediation analysis showed that TGMV (b=0.002, p=0.003) was associated with visuospatial cognitive function, and there was a significant mediation effect by TGMV (indirect effect: -0.049, 95% CI: -0.1121 ~ -0.0131) for the association between INP and visuospatial cognitive score. Conclusions: Among older adults, a diet with high inflammatory potential is associated with less favora-ble brain and cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yian Gu
- The Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, United States.,The Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, United States.,The Department of Epidemiology, Joseph P. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, United States
| | - Jennifer J Manly
- The Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, United States.,The Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, United States.,The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, United States
| | - Richard P Mayeux
- The Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, United States.,The Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, United States.,The Department of Epidemiology, Joseph P. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, United States.,The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, United States
| | - Adam M Brickman
- The Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, United States.,The Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, United States.,The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, United States
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79
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Andersson C, Johnson AD, Benjamin EJ, Levy D, Vasan RS. 70-year legacy of the Framingham Heart Study. Nat Rev Cardiol 2019; 16:687-698. [DOI: 10.1038/s41569-019-0202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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80
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Kyriklaki A, Margetaki K, Kampouri M, Koutra K, Bitsios P, Chalkiadaki G, Dermitzaki E, Venihaki M, Sarri K, Anousaki D, Kogevinas M, Chatzi L. Association between high levels of inflammatory markers and cognitive outcomes at 4 years of age: The Rhea mother-child cohort study, Crete, Greece. Cytokine 2019; 117:1-7. [PMID: 30772773 PMCID: PMC8801160 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence associating inflammatory markers in complex, higher order neurological functions, such as cognition and memory. We examined whether high levels of various inflammatory markers are associated with cognitive outcomes at 4 years of age in a mother-child cohort in Crete, Greece (Rhea study). We included 642 children in this cross-sectional study. Levels of several inflammatory markers (IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17α, IL-10, MIP-1α, TNF-α and the ratios of IL-6 to IL-10 and TNF-α to IL-10) were determined in child serum via immunoassay. Neurodevelopment at 4 years was assessed by means of the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to estimate the associations between the exposures and outcomes of interest after adjustment for various confounders. Our results indicate that children with high TNF-α concentrations (≥90th percentile) in serum demonstrated decreased scores in memory (adjusted β = -4.0; 95% CI: -7.7, -0.2), working memory (adjusted β = -4.0; 95% CI: -8.0, -0.1) as well as in memory span scale (adjusted β = -4.0; 95% CI: -7.9, -0.1). We also found that children with high IFN-γ serum levels showed lower scores in memory span scale (adjusted β = -3.4; 95% CI: -7.3, -0.4). Children with elevated TNF-α/IL-10 ratio demonstrated decreased quantitative (adjusted β = -4.3; 95% CI: -8.2, -0.4), motor (adjusted β = -3.5; 95% CI: -7.5, -0.5), executive function (adjusted β = -4.8; 95% CI: -8.5, -1.1), general cognitive (adjusted β = -3.6; 95% CI: -7.3, -0.1), memory (adjusted β = -3.8; 95% CI: -7.6, -0), working memory (adjusted β = -3.5; 95% CI: -7.5, -0.5) and memory span scores (adjusted β = -5.3; 95% CI: -9.1, -1.4) The findings suggest that high levels of TNF-α may contribute to reduced memory performance at preschool age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriani Kyriklaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Katerina Margetaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Mariza Kampouri
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Katerina Koutra
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Panos Bitsios
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Georgia Chalkiadaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Eirini Dermitzaki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Venihaki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Katerina Sarri
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Despoina Anousaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
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Shi X, Ohta Y, Liu X, Shang J, Morihara R, Nakano Y, Feng T, Huang Y, Sato K, Takemoto M, Hishikawa N, Yamashita T, Abe K. Acute Anti-Inflammatory Markers ITIH4 and AHSG in Mice Brain of a Novel Alzheimer’s Disease Model. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 68:1667-1675. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-181218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Shi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kitaku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ohta
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kitaku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kitaku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jingwei Shang
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kitaku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ryuta Morihara
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kitaku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nakano
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kitaku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tian Feng
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kitaku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kitaku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kota Sato
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kitaku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mami Takemoto
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kitaku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Nozomi Hishikawa
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kitaku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toru Yamashita
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kitaku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Koji Abe
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kitaku, Okayama, Japan
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Deveci E, Kocacenk T, Şahan E, Yılmaz O, Öztürk A, Kırpınar İ. Oxidative stress and inflammatory response in patients with psoriasis; is there any relationship with psychiatric comorbidity and cognitive functions? PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2019.1589176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Deveci
- Department of Psychiatry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuba Kocacenk
- Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi İzzet Baysal Ruh Sağlığı Ve Hastalıkları Eğitim Ve Araştırma, Hastanesi, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Ebru Şahan
- Department of Psychiatry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Onur Yılmaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Öztürk
- Department of Psychiatry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İsmet Kırpınar
- Department of Psychiatry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
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83
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Ortí-Casañ N, Wu Y, Naudé PJW, De Deyn PP, Zuhorn IS, Eisel ULM. Targeting TNFR2 as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:49. [PMID: 30778285 PMCID: PMC6369349 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia. Accumulating experimental evidence shows the important linkage between tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) and AD, but the exact role of TNF in AD is still not completely understood. Although TNF-inhibitors are successfully used for treating several diseases, total inhibition of TNF can cause side effects, particularly in neurological diseases. This is attributed to the opposing roles of the two TNF receptors. TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) predominantly mediates inflammatory and pro-apoptotic signaling pathways, whereas TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) is neuroprotective and promotes tissue regeneration. Therefore, the specific activation of TNFR2 signaling, either by directly targeting TNFR2 via TNFR2 agonists or by blocking TNFR1 signaling with TNFR1-selective antagonists, seems a promising strategy for AD therapy. This mini-review discusses the involvement of TNFR2 and its signaling pathway in AD and outlines its potential application as therapeutic target. A better understanding of the function of TNFR2 may lead to the development of a treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ortí-Casañ
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Yingying Wu
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Petrus J W Naudé
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Peter P De Deyn
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Inge S Zuhorn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ulrich L M Eisel
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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84
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Dementia and Atrial Fibrillation: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. Am J Med 2018; 131:1408-1417. [PMID: 30076825 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation increases the risk of stroke by a factor of four- to fivefold, and dementia is a common consequence of stroke. However, atrial fibrillation has been associated with cognitive impairment and dementia, even in patients without prior overt stroke. Nonischemic mechanisms include cerebral hypoperfusion, vascular inflammation, brain atrophy, genetic factors, and shared risk factors such as age or hypertension. Critical appraisal of studies evaluating the association between atrial fibrillation and dementia in stroke-free patients reveals that several suffer from methodological issues, such as not including silent stroke or anticoagulation therapy in multivariate analyses. Some studies show a close relationship between atrial fibrillation and dementia due to silent stroke, in the absence of overt stroke. Evidence is accumulating that anticoagulation may be effective to decrease the risk of dementia in atrial fibrillation patients. Overall, the pathogenesis linking atrial fibrillation to dementia is likely multifactorial. Cerebral infarctions, including silent stroke, play a central role. These findings underscore the importance of stroke prevention measures in atrial fibrillation patients.
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85
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A randomized clinical trial examining the impact of LGG probiotic supplementation on psychological status in middle-aged and older adults. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2018; 12:192-197. [PMID: 30511028 PMCID: PMC6251018 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline is common in older adults and more than 5 million Americans suffer from Alzheimer's disease (AD). A number of physiological processes including systemic inflammation, excess adiposity, and impaired glucoregulation arise from a combination of genetic and behavioral factors and increase risk for developing AD or other forms of dementia. Recent research suggests that the gut microbiome may moderate these pathological processes and possibly influence cognitive outcomes. This paper reviews the methodology for a double-blind, randomized clinical trial examining the influence of Lactobacillus GG (LGG) probiotic supplementation on mood and cognitive functioning in middle-aged and older adults. Our two primary hypotheses include: 1) Participants randomized to the probiotic group will show greater improvements in psychological status compared to participants in the placebo group; 2) Participants randomized to the probiotic group will show greater improvements in executive functioning and processing speed, as evidenced through performance on neuropsychological testing, than participants in the placebo group. We anticipate these results will inform future efforts on the feasibility of LGG probiotic supplementation as an intervention for psychological status and cognitive functioning and further elucidate the link between the gut microbiome and cognitive health.
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86
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Ugolini F, Lana D, Nardiello P, Nosi D, Pantano D, Casamenti F, Giovannini MG. Different Patterns of Neurodegeneration and Glia Activation in CA1 and CA3 Hippocampal Regions of TgCRND8 Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:372. [PMID: 30483118 PMCID: PMC6243135 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the different patterns of neurodegeneration and glia activation in CA1 and CA3 hippocampal areas of TgCRND8 mice. The main feature of this transgenic model is the rapid development of the amyloid pathology, which starts already at 3 months of age. We performed immunohistochemical analyses to compare the different sensibility of the two hippocampal regions to neurodegeneration. We performed qualitative and quantitative evaluations by fluorescence immunohistochemistry with double or triple staining, followed by confocal microscopy and digital image analysis in stratum pyramidale (SP) and stratum radiatum (SR) of CA1 and CA3, separately. We evaluated time-dependent Aβ plaques deposition, expression of inflammatory markers, as well as quantitative and morphological alterations of neurons and glia in transgenic mice at 3 (Tg 3M) and 6 (Tg 6M) months of age, compared to WT mice. In CA1 SR of Tg 6M mice, we found significantly more Medium and Large plaques than in CA3. The pattern of neurodegeneration and astrocytes activation was different in the two areas, indicating higher sensitivity of CA1. In the CA1 SP of Tg 6M mice, we found signs of reactive astrogliosis, such as increase of astrocytes density in SP, increase of GFAP expression in SR, and elongation of astrocytes branches. We found also common patterns of glia activation and neurodegenerative processes in CA1 and CA3 of Tg 6M mice: significant increase of total and reactive microglia density in SP and SR, increased expression of TNFα, of iNOS, and IL1β in astrocytes and increased density of neurons-astrocytes-microglia triads. In CA1 SP, we found decrease of volume and number of pyramidal neurons, paralleled by increase of apoptosis, and, consequently, shrinkage of CA1 SP. These data demonstrate that in TgCRND8 mice, the responses of neurons and glia to neurodegenerative patterns induced by Aβ plaques deposition is not uniform in the two hippocampal areas, and in CA1 pyramidal neurons, the higher sensitivity may be related to the different plaque distribution in this area. All these modifications may be at the basis of memory loss, the peculiar symptom of AD, which was demonstrated in this transgenic mouse model of Aβ deposition, even at early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Ugolini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Lana
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pamela Nardiello
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Nosi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Pantano
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fiorella Casamenti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Giovannini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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87
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Cavalli G, Dinarello CA. Anakinra Therapy for Non-cancer Inflammatory Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1157. [PMID: 30459597 PMCID: PMC6232613 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is the prototypical inflammatory cytokine: two distinct ligands (IL-1α and IL-1β) bind the IL-1 type 1 receptor (IL-1R1) and induce a myriad of secondary inflammatory mediators, including prostaglandins, cytokines, and chemokines. IL-1α is constitutively present in endothelial and epithelial cells, whereas IL-1β is inducible in myeloid cells and released following cleavage by caspase-1. Over the past 30 years, IL-1-mediated inflammation has been established in a broad spectrum of diseases, ranging from rare autoinflammatory diseases to common conditions such as gout and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and acute myocardial infarction. Blocking IL-1 entered the clinical arena with anakinra, the recombinant form of the naturally occurring IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra); IL-1Ra prevents the binding of IL-1α as well as IL-1β to IL-1R1. Quenching IL-1-mediated inflammation prevents the detrimental consequences of tissue damage and organ dysfunction. Although anakinra is presently approved for the treatment of RA and cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, off-label use of anakinra far exceeds its approved indications. Dosing of 100 mg of anakinra subcutaneously provides clinically evident benefits within days and for some diseases, anakinra has been used daily for over 12 years. Compared to other biologics, anakinra has an unparalleled record of safety: opportunistic infections, particularly Mycobacterium tuberculosis, are rare even in populations at risk for reactivation of latent infections. Because of this excellent safety profile and relative short duration of action, anakinra can also be used as a diagnostic tool for undefined diseases mediated by IL-1. Although anakinra is presently in clinical trials to treat cancer, this review focuses on anakinra treatment of acute as well as chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Cavalli
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Charles A. Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, United States
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88
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Precision Medicine: The Role of the MSIDS Model in Defining, Diagnosing, and Treating Chronic Lyme Disease/Post Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome and Other Chronic Illness: Part 2. Healthcare (Basel) 2018; 6:healthcare6040129. [PMID: 30400667 PMCID: PMC6316761 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare6040129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a precision medical perspective to assist in the definition, diagnosis, and management of Post Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome (PTLDS)/chronic Lyme disease. PTLDS represents a small subset of patients treated for an erythema migrans (EM) rash with persistent or recurrent symptoms and functional decline. The larger population with chronic Lyme disease is less understood and well defined. Multiple Systemic Infectious Disease Syndrome (MSIDS) is a multifactorial model for treating chronic disease(s), which identifies up to 16 overlapping sources of inflammation and their downstream effects. A patient symptom survey and a retrospective chart review of 200 patients was therefore performed on those patients with chronic Lyme disease/PTLDS to identify those variables on the MSIDS model with the greatest potential effect on regaining health. Results indicate that dapsone combination therapy decreased the severity of eight major Lyme symptoms, and multiple sources of inflammation (other infections, immune dysfunction, autoimmunity, food allergies/sensitivities, leaky gut, mineral deficiencies, environmental toxins with detoxification problems, and sleep disorders) along with downstream effects of inflammation may all affect chronic symptomatology. In part two of our observational study and review paper, we postulate that the use of this model can represent an important and needed paradigm shift in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic disease.
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89
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Sanjari Moghaddam H, Valitabar Z, Ashraf-Ganjouei A, Mojtahed Zadeh M, Ghazi Sherbaf F, Aarabi MH. Cerebrospinal Fluid C-Reactive Protein in Parkinson’s Disease: Associations with Motor and Non-motor Symptoms. Neuromolecular Med 2018; 20:376-385. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-018-8499-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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90
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Loera-Valencia R, Piras A, Ismail MAM, Manchanda S, Eyjolfsdottir H, Saido TC, Johansson J, Eriksdotter M, Winblad B, Nilsson P. Targeting Alzheimer's disease with gene and cell therapies. J Intern Med 2018; 284:2-36. [PMID: 29582495 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) causes dementia in both young and old people affecting more than 40 million people worldwide. The two neuropathological hallmarks of the disease, amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles consisting of protein tau are considered the major contributors to the disease. However, a more complete picture reveals significant neurodegeneration and decreased cell survival, neuroinflammation, changes in protein and energy homeostasis and alterations in lipid and cholesterol metabolism. In addition, gene and cell therapies for severe neurodegenerative disorders have recently improved technically in terms of safety and efficiency and have translated to the clinic showing encouraging results. Here, we review broadly current data within the field for potential targets that could modify AD through gene and cell therapy strategies. We envision that not only Aβ will be targeted in a disease-modifying treatment strategy but rather that a combination of treatments, possibly at different intervention times may prove beneficial in curing this devastating disease. These include decreased tau pathology, neuronal growth factors to support neurons and modulation of neuroinflammation for an appropriate immune response. Furthermore, cell based therapies may represent potential strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Loera-Valencia
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - A Piras
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - M A M Ismail
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Theme Neuro, Diseases of the Nervous System Patient Flow, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - S Manchanda
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - H Eyjolfsdottir
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - T C Saido
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - J Johansson
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - M Eriksdotter
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - B Winblad
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - P Nilsson
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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91
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Sachdeva AK, Dharavath RN, Chopra K. Time-response studies on development of cognitive deficits in an experimental model of insulin resistance. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:1447-1456. [PMID: 30037709 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.06.966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Alzheimer's disease is suggested to be primarily metabolic, mainly characterized by brain insulin resistance. Chronic fructose feeding results in hippocampal insulin resistance. However, variable opinion exists regarding the concentration and duration of fructose feeding to trigger insulin resistance and resultant cognitive insults. Therefore this study was planned to construct a time-response curve of the appearance of fructose-induced insulin resistance and memory insufficiencies in rats over a period of 24 weeks. Further, Pearson's correlations were drawn between indices of insulin resistance and markers of memory deficits at various time points. METHODS Male Wistar rats (6 weeks old; 155 ± 5 g) were fed with 15% fructose in normal drinking water for a period of 24 weeks. Body weight, food and water intake were weekly monitored. Fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), lipid profiling, plasma insulin, HOMA-IR index, and systolic blood pressure were estimated to confirm the manifestation of insulin resistance. Cognitive derangements were evaluated by Elevated plus maze and Morris water maze at different time points during the study. RESULTS Most of the parameters including insulin resistance became evident at the 7th week and continued until the end of study (24th week) whereas cognitive insufficiency became significantly distinct at the 20th, 22nd and 24th week. Significantly increased serum nitro-oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines and serum homocysteine levels were intensely connected with fructose-induced neuronal deficits. CONCLUSIONS The construction of time response study reveals that the hallmark characteristics of insulin resistance appear from the 7th week of fructose feeding whereas the cognitive dysfunction appears on the 20th week and both persist till the end of the study. Fructose-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation plausibly impair neuronal signaling and synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kamal Sachdeva
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Ravinder Naik Dharavath
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Kanwaljit Chopra
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India.
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92
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Hampel H, Vergallo A, Aguilar LF, Benda N, Broich K, Cuello AC, Cummings J, Dubois B, Federoff HJ, Fiandaca M, Genthon R, Haberkamp M, Karran E, Mapstone M, Perry G, Schneider LS, Welikovitch LA, Woodcock J, Baldacci F, Lista S. Precision pharmacology for Alzheimer’s disease. Pharmacol Res 2018; 130:331-365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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93
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Darweesh SK, Wolters FJ, Ikram MA, Wolf F, Bos D, Hofman A. Inflammatory markers and the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease: A meta‐analysis. Alzheimers Dement 2018; 14:1450-1459. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sirwan K.L. Darweesh
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus MC University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of NeurologyErasmus MC University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Frank J. Wolters
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus MC University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of NeurologyErasmus MC University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - M. Arfan Ikram
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus MC University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of NeurologyErasmus MC University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineErasmus MC University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Frank Wolf
- Janssen Prevention CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
- Faculty of MedicineSchool of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Daniel Bos
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus MC University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineErasmus MC University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus MC University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamthe Netherlands
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94
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Zhan X, Stamova B, Sharp FR. Lipopolysaccharide Associates with Amyloid Plaques, Neurons and Oligodendrocytes in Alzheimer's Disease Brain: A Review. Front Aging Neurosci 2018. [PMID: 29520228 PMCID: PMC5827158 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review proposes that lipopolysaccharide (LPS, found in the wall of all Gram-negative bacteria) could play a role in causing sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This is based in part upon recent studies showing that: Gram-negative E. coli bacteria can form extracellular amyloid; bacterial-encoded 16S rRNA is present in all human brains with over 70% being Gram-negative bacteria; ultrastructural analyses have shown microbes in erythrocytes of AD patients; blood LPS levels in AD patients are 3-fold the levels in control; LPS combined with focal cerebral ischemia and hypoxia produced amyloid-like plaques and myelin injury in adult rat cortex. Moreover, Gram-negative bacterial LPS was found in aging control and AD brains, though LPS levels were much higher in AD brains. In addition, LPS co-localized with amyloid plaques, peri-vascular amyloid, neurons, and oligodendrocytes in AD brains. Based upon the postulate LPS caused oligodendrocyte injury, degraded Myelin Basic Protein (dMBP) levels were found to be much higher in AD compared to control brains. Immunofluorescence showed that the dMBP co-localized with β amyloid (Aβ) and LPS in amyloid plaques in AD brain, and dMBP and other myelin molecules were found in the walls of vesicles in periventricular White Matter (WM). These data led to the hypothesis that LPS acts on leukocyte and microglial TLR4-CD14/TLR2 receptors to produce NFkB mediated increases of cytokines which increase Aβ levels, damage oligodendrocytes and produce myelin injury found in AD brain. Since Aβ1–42 is also an agonist for TLR4 receptors, this could produce a vicious cycle that accounts for the relentless progression of AD. Thus, LPS, the TLR4 receptor complex, and Gram-negative bacteria might be treatment or prevention targets for sporadic AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Zhan
- Department of Neurology, MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Boryana Stamova
- Department of Neurology, MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Frank R Sharp
- Department of Neurology, MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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95
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Cervellati C, Trentini A, Bosi C, Valacchi G, Morieri ML, Zurlo A, Brombo G, Passaro A, Zuliani G. Low-grade systemic inflammation is associated with functional disability in elderly people affected by dementia. GeroScience 2018; 40:61-69. [PMID: 29428983 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-018-0010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The decline in basic and instrumental activities of daily living (BADLs and IADLs, respectively) is a well-established clinical hallmark of dementia. Growing evidence has shown that systemic subclinical inflammation may be related to functional impairment. We evaluated the possible association between low-grade systemic inflammation and functional disability in older individuals affected by dementia. We explored the association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels and BADLs/IADLs in older individuals affected by late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD; n 110), "mixed" dementia (n 135), or mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n 258), and compared them with 75 normal Controls. Independent of age, gender, comorbidity, and other potential confounders, higher hs-CRP was significantly associated with poorer BADLs (loss ≥ 1 function) in people with LOAD (odds ratio [OR] 3.14, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33-7.33) and mixed dementia (OR 2.48, 95%CI 1.12-5.55), but not in those with MCI (OR 1.38, 95%CI 0.83-2.45) or Controls (OR 2.98, 95%CI 0.54-10.10). No association emerged between hs-CRP and IADLs in any of the sub-group. Our data suggest that systemic low-grade inflammation may contribute to functional disability in older patients with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Cervellati
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, I-44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Trentini
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, I-44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Cristina Bosi
- Geriatrics Operative Unit, Arcispedale S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Animal Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Campus, NC State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Mario Luca Morieri
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Amedeo Zurlo
- Geriatrics Operative Unit, Arcispedale S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gloria Brombo
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Angelina Passaro
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zuliani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
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96
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Taipa R, Sousa AL, Melo Pires M, Sousa N. Does the Interplay Between Aging and Neuroinflammation Modulate Alzheimer's Disease Clinical Phenotypes? A Clinico-Pathological Perspective. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 53:403-17. [PMID: 27176075 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder and is the most common cause of dementia worldwide. Cumulative data suggests that neuroinflammation plays a prominent and early role in AD, and there is compelling data from different research groups of age-associated dysregulation of the neuroimmune system. From the clinical point of view, despite clinical resemblance and neuropathological findings, there are important differences between the group of patients with sporadic early-onset (<65 years old) and late-onset AD (>65 years old). Thus, it seems important to understand the age-dependent relationship between neuroinflammation and the underlying biology of AD in order to identify potential explanations for clinical heterogeneity, interpret biomarkers, and promote the best treatment to different clinical AD phenotypes. The study of the delicate balance between pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory sides of immune players in the different ages of onset of AD would be important to understand treatment efficacy in clinical trials and eventually, not only direct treatment to early disease stages, but also the possibility of establishing different treatment approaches depending on the age of the patient. In this review, we would like to summarize what is currently known about the interplay between "normal" age associated inflammatory changes and AD pathological mechanisms, and also the potential differences between early-onset and late-onset AD taking into account the age-related neuroimmune background at disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Taipa
- Neuropathology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Sousa
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Melo Pires
- Neuropathology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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97
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Nday CM, Eleftheriadou D, Jackson G. Shared pathological pathways of Alzheimer's disease with specific comorbidities: current perspectives and interventions. J Neurochem 2018; 144:360-389. [PMID: 29164610 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) belongs to one of the most multifactorial, complex and heterogeneous morbidity-leading disorders. Despite the extensive research in the field, AD pathogenesis is still at some extend obscure. Mechanisms linking AD with certain comorbidities, namely diabetes mellitus, obesity and dyslipidemia, are increasingly gaining importance, mainly because of their potential role in promoting AD development and exacerbation. Their exact cognitive impairment trajectories, however, remain to be fully elucidated. The current review aims to offer a clear and comprehensive description of the state-of-the-art approaches focused on generating in-depth knowledge regarding the overlapping pathology of AD and its concomitant ailments. Thorough understanding of associated alterations on a number of molecular, metabolic and hormonal pathways, will contribute to the further development of novel and integrated theranostics, as well as targeted interventions that may be beneficial for individuals with age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane M Nday
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Despoina Eleftheriadou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Graham Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa
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98
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Gabin JM, Saltvedt I, Tambs K, Holmen J. The association of high sensitivity C-reactive protein and incident Alzheimer disease in patients 60 years and older: The HUNT study, Norway. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2018; 15:4. [PMID: 29387136 PMCID: PMC5776764 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-017-0106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background With ageing, long-standing inflammation can be destructive, contributing to development of several disorders, among these Alzheimer’s disease (AD). C-reactive protein (CRP) is a relatively stable peripheral inflammatory marker, but in previous studies the association between highly sensitive CRP (hsCRP) and AD have shown inconsistent results. This study examines the association between AD and hsCRP in blood samples taken up to 15 years prior to the diagnoses of 52 persons with AD amongst a total of 2150 persons ≥60 years of age. Results Data from Norway’s Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT 2) and the Health and Memory Study (HMS) were linked. The participants had an average age of 73 years, and diagnosed with AD up to 15 years [mean 8.0 (±3.9)] following hsCRP measurement. Logistic regression models showed an adverse association between hsCRP and AD in participants aged 60-70.5 (odds ratio: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.01-5.58). Conversely, in participants aged 70.6-94, there was an inverse association between hsCRP and AD (odds ratio: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.19-0.84). When applying multivariate models the findings were significant in individuals diagnosed 0.4-7 years after the hsCRP was measured; and attenuated when AD was diagnosed more than seven years following hsCRP measurement. Conclusions Our study is in line with previous studies indicating a shift in the association between hsCRP and AD by age: in adults (60-70.5 years) there is an adverse association, while in seniors (>70.6 years) there is an inverse association. If our findings can be replicated, a focus on why a more active peripheral immune response may have a protective role in individuals ≥70 years should be further examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mira Gabin
- 1HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Forskningsveien 2, 7600 Levanger, Norway
| | - Ingvild Saltvedt
- 2Department of Neuromedicine and Movement science, NTNU, the Faculty of Medicine and Health, Post Office Box 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.,3Department of Geriatrics, St. Olav University Hospital, Post Office Box 3250, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristian Tambs
- 4Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Post Office Box 4404, Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jostein Holmen
- 1HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Forskningsveien 2, 7600 Levanger, Norway
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99
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Lin TM, Chen WS, Sheu JJ, Chen YH, Chen JH, Chang CC. Autoimmune rheumatic diseases increase dementia risk in middle-aged patients: A nationwide cohort study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0186475. [PMID: 29304089 PMCID: PMC5755737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Dementia is a common neurological disease that substantially affects public health. A previous study revealed that dementia occurs when the body’s immune system attacks the cells of the brain, indicating that dementia may be similar to autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs). In the current retrospective cohort study, we focused on middle-aged ARD patients (45 years or older) to investigate the association between ARDs in middle-aged people and dementia by using a nationwide population-based database in Taiwan. Method Our study analyzed the medical data of the Taiwanese population from 2001 to 2012, with a follow-up period extending until the end of 2011. We identified middle-aged patients with ARDs by using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. We selected a comparison cohort from the general population that was randomly frequency-matched by age (in 5-year increments), sex, and index year and further analyzed the dementia risk by using a Cox regression model that considers sex, age, and comorbidities. Results The study enrolled 34,660 middle-aged ARD patients (77% female, mean age = 59.8 years) and 138,640 controls. The risk of developing dementia was 1.18 times higher for middle-aged patients with ARDs compared with patients without ARDs after adjustment for age, sex, and comorbidities. Among the patients with ARDs, the subgroups with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Sjögren syndrome (SS) were associated with a significantly higher dementia risk (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.14, 95% confidence index [CI] 1.06–1.32; adjusted HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.86–1.34; adjusted HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.32–1.63, respectively). Furthermore, primary SS and secondary SS patients had the highest risks of dementia among all the ADR subgroups (adjusted HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.18–1.54; adjusted HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.43–1.95 respectively). Conclusion This nationwide retrospective cohort study demonstrated that dementia risk is significantly higher in middle-aged patients with ARDs compared with the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Min Lin
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Sheng Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Jiuan Sheu
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Chen
- Biostatistics Center, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Hua Chen
- Biostatistics Center and School of Health Care Administration, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CCC); (JHC)
| | - Chi-Ching Chang
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CCC); (JHC)
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100
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Trenova AG, Slavov GS, Draganova-Filipova MN, Mateva NG, Manova MG, Miteva LD, Stanilova SA. Circulating levels of interleukin-17A, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-18, interleukin-10, and cognitive performance of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Neurol Res 2018; 40:153-159. [DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2017.1420522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgi S. Slavov
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | | | - Nonka G. Mateva
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biostatistics and Electronic Education, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Mariya G. Manova
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Lyuba D. Miteva
- Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Spaska A. Stanilova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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