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Sinclair S, Hack TF, McClement S, Raffin-Bouchal S, Chochinov HM, Hagen NA. Healthcare providers perspectives on compassion training: a grounded theory study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2020; 20:249. [PMID: 32758216 PMCID: PMC7403566 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-020-02164-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little concrete guidance on how to train current and future healthcare providers (HCPs) in the core competency of compassion. This study was undertaken using Straussian grounded theory to address the question: "What are healthcare providers' perspectives on training current and future HCPs in compassion?" METHODS Fifty-seven HCPs working in palliative care participated in this study, beginning with focus groups with frontline HCPs (n = 35), followed by one-on-one interviews with HCPs who were considered by their peers to be skilled in providing compassion (n = 15, three of whom also participated in the initial focus groups), and end of study focus groups with study participants (n = 5) and knowledge users (n = 10). RESULTS Study participants largely agreed that compassionate behaviours can be taught, and these behaviours are distinct from the emotional response of compassion. They noted that while learners can develop greater compassion through training, their ability to do so varies depending on the innate qualities they possess prior to training. Participants identified three facets of an effective compassion training program: self-awareness, experiential learning and effective and affective communication skills. Participants also noted that healthcare faculties, facilities and organizations play an important role in creating compassionate practice settings and sustaining HCPs in their delivery of compassion. CONCLUSIONS Providing compassion has become a core expectation of healthcare and a hallmark of quality palliative care. This study provides guidance on the importance, core components and teaching methods of compassion training from the perspectives of those who aim to provide it-Healthcare Providers-serving as a foundation for future evidence based educational interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Sinclair
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Compassion Research Lab, University of Calgary, .
| | - Thomas F Hack
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 89 Curry Place, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
- Psychosocial Oncology & Cancer Nursing Research, I.H. Asper Clinical Research Institute, 369 Taché Ave, Winnipeg, R2H 2A6, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Susan McClement
- College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 89 Curry Place, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Shelley Raffin-Bouchal
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Harvey Max Chochinov
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, 771 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3N4, Canada
| | - Neil A Hagen
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
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152
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Levkovich I, Ricon T. Understanding compassion fatigue, optimism and emotional distress among Israeli school counsellors. ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF COUNSELLING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/21507686.2020.1799829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inbar Levkovich
- Faculty of Graduate Studies, Oranim Academic College of Education, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tsameret Ricon
- Faculty of Graduate Studies, Oranim Academic College of Education, Haifa, Israel
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153
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Xie W, Wang J, Okoli CTC, He H, Feng F, Zhuang L, Tang P, Zeng L, Jin M. Prevalence and factors of compassion fatigue among Chinese psychiatric nurses: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21083. [PMID: 32702852 PMCID: PMC7373503 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Compassion fatigue has emerged as a detrimental consequence of experiencing work-related stress among psychiatric nurses, and affected the job performance, emotional and physical health of psychiatric nurses. However, researches on Chinese psychiatric nurses' compassion fatigue are dearth. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors of compassion fatigue among Chinese psychiatric nurses.All participants completed the demographic questionnaire and the Chinese version of Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL-CN). One-way ANOVA, t-tests, Levene test and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted to evaluate factors associated with compassion fatigue.A total of 352 psychiatric nurses in 9 psychiatric hospitals from the Chengdu, Wuhan, and Hefei were surveyed. The mean scores of compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress were 32.59 ± 7.124, 26.92 ± 6.003 and 25.97 ± 5.365, respectively. Four variables of job satisfaction, exercise, had children, and age range from 36 to 50 years explained 30.7% of the variance in compassion satisfaction. Job satisfaction, sleeping quality, and marital status accounted for 40.4% variables in burnout. Furthermore, job satisfaction, average sleeping quality, and years of nursing experience remained significantly associated with secondary trauma stress, explaining 10.9% of the variance.Compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress among Chinese psychiatric nurses were at the level of moderate. The higher job satisfaction, healthy lifestyle (high sleep quality and regular exercise), and family support (children, stable and harmonious marital status) positively influenced compassion satisfaction and negatively associated with burnout or secondary traumatic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Xie
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | | | - Huijuan He
- College of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei Province
| | - Fen Feng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Linli Zhuang
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ping Tang
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li Zeng
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Man Jin
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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154
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Neff KD, Knox MC, Long P, Gregory K. Caring for others without losing yourself: An adaptation of the Mindful Self-Compassion Program for Healthcare Communities. J Clin Psychol 2020; 76:1543-1562. [PMID: 32627192 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Two studies examined the efficacy of the Self-Compassion for Healthcare Communities (SCHC) program for enhancing wellbeing and reducing burnout among healthcare professionals. METHOD Study 1 (N = 58) had a quasi-experimental design and compared wellbeing outcomes for the SCHC group compared to a waitlist control group. Study 2 (N = 23) did not include a control group and examined the effect of SCHC on burnout. RESULTS Study 1 found that SCHC significantly increased self-compassion and wellbeing. All gains were maintained for three months. Study 2 found that in addition to enhancing wellbeing, SCHC significantly reduced secondary traumatic stress and burnout. Changes in self-compassion explained gains in other outcomes, and initial levels of self-compassion moderated outcomes so that those initially low in self-compassion benefitted more. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that the SCHC program may be an effective way to increase self-compassion, enhance wellbeing, and reduce burnout for healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin D Neff
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Marissa C Knox
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Phoebe Long
- Center for Resiliency, Dell Children's Medical Center of Central Texas, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Krista Gregory
- Center for Resiliency, Dell Children's Medical Center of Central Texas, Austin, Texas, USA
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155
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Okoli CTC, Seng S, Otachi JK, Higgins JT, Lawrence J, Lykins A, Bryant E. A cross-sectional examination of factors associated with compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue across healthcare workers in an academic medical centre. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2020; 29:476-487. [PMID: 31808600 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Compassion satisfaction (CS) among healthcare professionals is a sense of gratification derived from caring for their suffering patients. In contrast, compassion fatigue, often a consequence of burnout (BO) and secondary traumatic stress (STS), is detrimental to healthcare professionals' productivity and patient care. While several studies have examined CS, BO, and STS among healthcare professionals, the majority have assessed samples in specific disciplines. However, the comparative differences in these factors by discipline or work setting are not well known. The aims of this study were to examine the differences in CS, BO, and STS by discipline and work setting, and to assess demographic, work-related, and behavioural factors associated with these outcomes. An electronic survey was administered (N = 764) at a large academic medical centre in the southeast United States. Questions elicited demographic variables, work-related factors, behavioural/lifestyle factors, experience with workplace violence, and the Professional Quality of Life Scale. Findings of the study determined that the rates of CS, BO, and STS vary across healthcare disciplines and work settings. Demographic, work-related, behavioural, and work setting (i.e., experience of workplace violence) factors were differentially associated with experiences of CS, BO, and STS. The results of the study suggest two potential areas for research, specifically workplace violence and sleep quality as a means of further understanding reduced CS and increased BO and STS among healthcare workers. These findings have important implications for future research and policy interventions to enhance healthcare workers' health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarret Seng
- University of Kentucky College of Nursing, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Janet K Otachi
- University of Kentucky College of Social Work, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jacob T Higgins
- University of Kentucky College of Nursing, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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156
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Winstanley EL. The Bell Tolls for Thee & Thine: Compassion Fatigue & the Overdose Epidemic. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2020; 85:102796. [PMID: 32499119 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Non-fatal and fatal overdoses are traumatic events that have been increasing over the past 20 years and disproportionately impacting rural communities in the United States. The human suffering caused by the opioid epidemic is rarely described in the empirical literature. The purpose of this article is to 1) define individual- and community-level overdose-related compassion fatigue (OCF), 2) review measurement of compassion fatigue (CF) and interventions to reduce CF, 3) discuss strategies that may reduce OCF and 4) briefly discuss policy implications. OCF is distress resulting from knowledge of or exposure to overdose-related harms, which at the community-level may prohibit collaboration and adaptive agency to effectively respond. When OCF occurs at a community-level, it could have negative consequences by eroding support for evidence-based services and fueling stigma-driven policies that blame people who use drugs. Empathy underlies both OCF and vicarious resilience by allowing one to understand the suffering caused by overdose deaths and to witness the joy of addiction recovery. Using the risk environment framework, OCF at the micro- and macro-levels of the social environment, may increase rural communities' vulnerability to harm by emphasizing individual responsibility for reducing overdoses rather than community-level infrastructure and resource management. Additional research is needed to develop a measure of OCF and to confirm whether OCF is associated with increased stigma and decreased support for harm reduction in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Winstanley
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV.
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157
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Foli KJ, Reddick B, Zhang L, Krcelich K. Nurses' psychological trauma: "They leave me lying awake at night". Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2020; 34:86-95. [PMID: 32513472 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe nurses' personal and professional psychological trauma. METHODS A content analysis of 372 responses surrounding personal and professional trauma was performed. RESULTS Five themes emerged. A new type of trauma was uncovered, heretofore undescribed in the literature: insufficient resource trauma caused by a lack of resources and staff needed to render quality, safe care. CONCLUSION Nurses' reports were vivid, frequently indicating they were still recovering from traumatic experiences. Professional sources of trauma were categorized as inherent in the role of the nurse and those that could be mitigated through organizational policy, adequate resources, and oversight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Foli
- Purdue University School of Nursing, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America.
| | - Blake Reddick
- Purdue University School of Nursing, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Lingsong Zhang
- Department of Statistics, Regenstrief Center for Healthcare Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Kathryn Krcelich
- Purdue University School of Nursing, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
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158
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O'Hara MA, McCann TA, Fan W, Lane MM, Kernie SG, Rosenthal SL. Child Abuse Taking Its Toll on the Emotional Well-Being of Pediatricians. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2020; 59:450-457. [PMID: 32070135 DOI: 10.1177/0009922820905865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pediatricians caring for patients with child abuse or neglect (CABN) may experience secondary traumatic stress (STS) from traumatized patients, or burnout (BO) from workplace stress. This may be buffered by compassion satisfaction (CS), positive meaning from one's work. For this study, STS, BO, and CS specific to a pediatrician's care of CABN were assessed for residents, hospitalists, intensivists, and outpatient physicians. Using the Professional Quality of Life Scale modified for CABN experiences, participants (n = 62) had a mean STS score at the 84th percentile, a mean BO score at the 66th percentile, and a mean CS score at the 17th percentile. Reporting one CABN patient as most emotionally impactful predicted STS, caring for all types of CABN predicted BO, and perceived knowledge no longer predicted CS when adjusting for the experience of mandated reporting or CABN fatality. These results highlight the need to support pediatricians involved with CABN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy A O'Hara
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA.,New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Teresa A McCann
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA.,New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Weijia Fan
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Mariellen M Lane
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA.,New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Steven G Kernie
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA.,New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Susan L Rosenthal
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA.,New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA
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159
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Abstract
The purpose of this review was to define compassion fatigue in the context of palliative care nursing. Compassion fatigue was first introduced as a description for nursing burnout; however, it was not fully described. An initial concept analysis within nursing placed it in terms of a psychological model for secondary traumatic stress disorder, with continual revisions of this application. Palliative care nurses are routinely exposed to pain, trauma, and the suffering they witness by nature of ongoing symptom management and end-of-life care delivery; however, the focus of care is on healthy end-of-life management rather than preservation of life. The literature was reviewed to provide clarification of compassion fatigue for palliative care nurses to assist in future identification and direction in the profession. CINAHL, EBSCO, Journals@Ovid, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases were queried for peer-reviewed literature, and dictionaries were examined for subject-specific definitions. The method that was used was a concept analysis in the tradition of Walker and Avant. A concept definition was proposed for the discipline of palliative care nursing. Identification of compassion fatigue for this profession helps facilitate the recognition of symptoms for a group that deals with patient suffering on a regular basis.
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160
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Burnout, Compassion Fatigue, and Secondary Trauma in Nurses: Recognizing the Occupational Phenomenon and Personal Consequences of Caregiving. Crit Care Nurs Q 2020; 43:73-80. [PMID: 31789880 DOI: 10.1097/cnq.0000000000000293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Burnout and compassion fatigue describe the state of health care professionals' extended stress, emotional states, and prolonged duress after events. In the past few decades, burnout and compassion fatigue have received increased focus and attention. This article summarizes the evolution in moving from viewing burnout as an individual's problem to understanding burnout as an occupational phenomenon, additionally recognizing the powerful role secondary trauma contributes to compassion fatigue. As such, the causes and addressing the solutions of burnout are multifaceted and complex. Causes of burnout stem from external pressure of caring for patients and pressure from organizational policy and practices, including unhealthy work environments, poor communication, stigma, and more. The harm from burnout and secondary trauma in health care professionals can be profound, impacting a significant portion of the workforce and manifesting in real suffering, including depression, emotional trauma, and suicide. As health care professionals are daily at risk, the need to recognize, address, and treat burnout is a priority. Both personal resilience building activities for effective stress reduction in clinicians and system-level solutions to address root causes must be utilized to address burnout.
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161
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Hofmeyer A, Kennedy K, Taylor R. Contesting the term ‘compassion fatigue’: Integrating findings from social neuroscience and self-care research. Collegian 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colegn.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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162
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Gerard N. Perils of Professionalization: Chronicling a Crisis and Renewing the Potential of Healthcare Management. HEALTH CARE ANALYSIS 2020; 27:269-288. [PMID: 30903432 DOI: 10.1007/s10728-019-00368-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper critically examines efforts to "professionalize" the field of healthcare management and its corresponding costs. Drawing upon the scholarly critiques of professionalization in medicine and the broader field of management, this paper seeks to explore the symbolic role professionalization might play in the psyche of its constituents, and specifically its function as a defense against uncertainty and anxiety. This psychodynamic heuristic is then deployed to put forth the hypothesis that an ongoing crisis of professional identity continues to both propel and impede professionalization efforts in healthcare management, giving rise to a litany of standardization pressures that ultimately limit the field's potential. To mitigate these pressures, the call is made for rekindling healthcare management's moral, political, and existential aspects. Specifically, this entails engaging with the deeper themes that flow through the field: the experience of illness and what it means to suffer, the experience of life and what it means to have hope, and the experience of death and dying. It also entails squarely confronting questions of power, poverty and disease, and the pursuit of justice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Gerard
- Department of Health Care Administration, California State University, Long Beach, 51250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, CA, 90840-4903, USA.
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163
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Abaoğlu H, Demirok T, Kayıhan H. Burnout and its relationship with work-related factors among occupational therapists working in public sector in Turkey. Scand J Occup Ther 2020; 28:294-303. [PMID: 32180493 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2020.1735513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout is an important and challenging issue in occupational therapists as in other health care professions. AIMS/OBJECTIVES The study aimed to identify burnout and its relationship with job satisfaction, work engagement and working conditions among occupational therapists in Turkey. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 50 occupational therapists working in public sector. The Burnout Measure, the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire, and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale were used as measurement tools. Working conditions were measured by a questionnaire specifically designed for this study. RESULTS The findings indicated that 26% of the participants had burnout symptoms and 38% were at risk. Negative relationships were found between burnout and working conditions, extrinsic and overall job satisfaction, vigour and dedication. Working conditions and dedication were the most influential factors of burnout among these variables and together accounted for 43.1% of the variance. A moderate negative relationship was found between burnout and two items of working conditions (facilitative management structure and opportunities to improve skills) and those together predicted 39% of the variance for burnout. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE Identifying work-related factors that may affect burnout, including working conditions, job satisfaction, and work engagement, and developing intervention strategies are important for occupational therapists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Abaoğlu
- Occupational Therapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tarık Demirok
- Occupational Therapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hülya Kayıhan
- Occupational Therapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biruni University, İstanbul, Turkey
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164
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Glover-Stief M, Jannen S, Cohn T. An exploratory descriptive study of compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction: Examining potential risk and protective factors in advanced nurse practitioners. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2020; 33:143-149. [PMID: 32195776 DOI: 10.1097/jxx.0000000000000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Larger patient caseloads and increased workplace responsibility for nurse practitioners (NPs) may exacerbate factors leading to compassion fatigue (CF). PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to analyze the rate of burnout in practicing NPs by looking at contributing factors that play a role in CF and compassion satisfaction (CS). METHODS A NP social media platform was used to distribute a survey to a convenience sample of 208 NPs. Data included the Professional Quality of Life Scale V (ProQOL V) tool, demographic data, and protective factor questions. The data were dissected for CF and protective factors of CS. RESULTS The relationship of mindfulness practices and levels of CS was statistically significant. The relationship between support from family, coworkers, and administration and levels of CS was also found statistically significant. A large association was found between the correlation of burnout and support from coworkers. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Findings showed an average to high level of CS with a low-to-average burnout rate among the NPs surveyed. There was a direct impact between the amount of support participants received from individual support systems and their level of CS. These findings could be beneficial for new NP graduates in establishing a sense of community while reducing the risk for burnout.
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165
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Sinclair S, Kondejewski J, Schulte F, Letourneau N, Kuhn S, Raffin-Bouchal S, Guilcher GMT, Strother D. Compassion in Pediatric Healthcare: A Scoping Review. J Pediatr Nurs 2020; 51:57-66. [PMID: 31901770 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM Compassion has been described as a central construct or essential feature of quality healthcare and is as important to patients' and families' overall healthcare experience as the health interventions and treatments they receive. However, there is little shared understanding of what constitutes compassion, how it is delivered within a pediatric setting, and pediatric patients' and families perspectives and preferences for receiving it. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies that (1) described the nature of the existing literature on compassion in pediatric healthcare; (2) summarized key concepts in the existing evidence base that pertain to compassion in pediatric healthcare; and 3) identified factors that are associated with compassion in pediatric healthcare were eligible for inclusion in this review. SAMPLE Twenty-nine papers were included in the review. RESULTS Findings revealed several factors are associated with compassion in pediatric healthcare, including continuity of care, communication, and coordination of care. Most notably, identified studies treated compassion in a subsidiary fashion, and this review revealed no studies that provided a patient-informed evidence-based definition of compassion in the pediatric healthcare setting. CONCLUSION Future research is required to generate a comprehensive and accurate understanding of the terms 'compassion' and 'compassionate care' when used in the context of pediatric healthcare. IMPLICATIONS This research will inform the therapeutic processes and ultimately enable the development of strategies to improve the delivery of compassionate healthcare to pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Sinclair
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Canada; Compassion Research Lab, University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Oncology, Division of Palliative Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada.
| | - Jane Kondejewski
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Canada; Compassion Research Lab, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Fiona Schulte
- Department of Oncology, Division of Psychosocial Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Nicole Letourneau
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry & Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Susan Kuhn
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | | | - Gregory M T Guilcher
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Douglas Strother
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
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166
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167
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Perret JL, Best CO, Coe JB, Greer AL, Khosa DK, Jones-Bitton A. The Complex Relationship Between Veterinarian Mental Health and Client Satisfaction. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:92. [PMID: 32158771 PMCID: PMC7052013 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A relatively high risk of poor mental health has been described among Canadian veterinarians, but no published studies have explored the impact that veterinarian mental health may have on veterinary clients and patients. In order to investigate the association between veterinarian mental health and veterinary client satisfaction, veterinarians were randomly sampled and recruited throughout southwestern Ontario, Canada, from November, 2017, through January, 2019. Sixty participating veterinarians completed an enrollment survey that included psychometric scales measuring resilience, perceived stress, anxiety, depression, emotional distress, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, personal accomplishment, burnout, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion satisfaction. Nine hundred and ninety-five companion animal clients of these veterinarians were recruited in-clinic over 2–3 days and completed a post-appointment survey including the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire. The associations between clients' satisfaction scores (as the outcome variable) and each of the veterinarians' mental health measures (as the explanatory variables) were assessed using separate, multilevel, multivariable linear regression models. The associations between client satisfaction and veterinarian mental health measures were non-linear and complex; in several of the models, relatively higher client satisfaction was unexpectedly associated with poor veterinarian mental health states, while lower client satisfaction was associated with mental health scores suggesting wellness. Given that client satisfaction may impact client adherence to medical recommendations, client loyalty, and business income, the association with veterinarian mental health may have broad implications and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Perret
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Colleen O Best
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jason B Coe
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Amy L Greer
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Deep K Khosa
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Andria Jones-Bitton
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Ash MJ, Walker ER, DiClemente RJ, Florian MP, Palmer PK, Wehrmeyer K, Negi LT, Grant GH, Raison CL, Mascaro JS. Compassion Meditation Training for Hospital Chaplain Residents: A Pilot Study. J Health Care Chaplain 2020; 27:191-206. [DOI: 10.1080/08854726.2020.1723189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcia J. Ash
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Contemplative Science and Compassion-Based Ethics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Reisinger Walker
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ralph J. DiClemente
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Kathryn Wehrmeyer
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lobsang Tenzin Negi
- Center for Contemplative Science and Compassion-Based Ethics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Religion, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - George H. Grant
- Department of Spiritual Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Charles L. Raison
- Department of Spiritual Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Human Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer S. Mascaro
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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169
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Dev V, Fernando AT, Consedine NS. Self-compassion as a Stress Moderator: A Cross-sectional Study of 1700 Doctors, Nurses, and Medical Students. Mindfulness (N Y) 2020; 11:1170-1181. [PMID: 32435318 PMCID: PMC7223415 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-020-01325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Work stress is common in healthcare and reliably predicts negative outcomes, including burnout and lower quality of life (QOL). However, few studies have investigated factors that might attenuate the impact of stress on these negative outcomes. We investigated whether the tendency to be kind to the self during times of difficulty—self-compassion—might buffer the effect of work stress on outcomes. Methods Registered nurses (n = 801), physicians (n = 516), and medical students (n = 383) were recruited using convenience sampling in New Zealand. Following consent, participants (N = 1700) completed a survey including the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Self-Compassion Scale–Short Form. Results Across groups, greater work stress consistently predicted greater burnout and lower QOL, while greater self-compassion predicted lower burnout and better QOL. Self-compassion moderated the relationship between stress and burnout in nurses (albeit in the opposite direction to what had been predicted), but not in doctors or medical students. Conclusions While self-compassion predicted better outcomes (and may thus represent a target to enhance wellbeing), it strengthened the association between stress and burnout in nurses. How self-compassion impacts the experience of stress and its correlates and why it does so differently in different groups of professionals remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Dev
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Antonio T Fernando
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nathan S Consedine
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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170
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Factors associated with compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress among Chinese nurses in tertiary hospitals: A cross-sectional study. Int J Nurs Stud 2020; 102:103472. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.103472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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171
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Fusco N, Ricciardelli R, Jamshidi L, Carleton RN, Barnim N, Hilton Z, Groll D. When Our Work Hits Home: Trauma and Mental Disorders in Correctional Officers and Other Correctional Workers. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:493391. [PMID: 33658946 PMCID: PMC7917131 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.493391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: International estimates suggest that up to one in three public safety personnel experience one or more mental disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Canadian data have been sparse until very recently, and correctional officers and forensic psychiatric staff have rarely been included. Working as a correctional officer is associated with negative health outcomes and increased work-related stress, with several variables affecting reported levels of stress. Healthcare staff also report higher rates of PTSD, especially those who are exposed to aggression in their workplace. In the present study, we compare current symptoms of diverse staff working in correctional occupations. Method: Data were collected from a Canadian national online survey of public safety personnel, including employees of correctional services at the federal level. Correctional officers and wellness services staff were compared for prevalence of mental disorders and suicidal ideation. Results: Correctional officers self-reported statistically significantly more exposure to potentially psychologically traumatic events than wellness services employees. Correctional officers also self-reported higher rates of symptoms of mental disorders, including PTSD, social anxiety, panic disorder, and depression. There were no statistically significant differences in reports of suicidal thoughts, plans, or attempts. Contribution to Society: Correctional and forensic staff contribute to society by working with justice-involved individuals in correctional institutions. Trauma-related disorders and other mental health problems threaten the well-being of correctional and forensic staff. Mental health likely impacts the ability of correctional and forensic staff to develop a therapeutic or working alliance with persons in custody. Staff well-being must be recognized and addressed to ensure that prisoners and staff receive optimal treatment in prison. Conclusion: Our results add to the limited knowledge about the well-being of staff, particularly wellness staff in prisons, who provide daily treatment and care for prisoners with serious mental disorders. Our work is a step toward identifying avenues for promoting staff well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Fusco
- Integrated Forensic Program, Ontario Provincial Police, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rosemary Ricciardelli
- Department of Sociology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Laleh Jamshidi
- Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | | | - Nigel Barnim
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University at Kingston, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Zoe Hilton
- Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dianne Groll
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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172
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Roze des Ordons AL, MacIsaac L, Hui J, Everson J, Ellaway RH. Compassion in the Clinical Context: Constrained, Distributed, and Adaptive. J Gen Intern Med 2020; 35:198-206. [PMID: 31637638 PMCID: PMC6957623 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-019-05467-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compassion is intrinsically situated within particular contexts and how these contexts can shape compassion has not been well-described. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to describe how individual and contextual challenges can impact compassion within critical care and palliative care settings. DESIGN This qualitative study adopted phenomenology and autoethnography to inform data collection, and principles of activity theory and realist inquiry for data interpretation. PARTICIPANTS Five clinicians who work in critical care (n = 3) and palliative care (n = 3) participated in the study. APPROACH Qualitative data were obtained from ethnographic observations, interviews, and focus groups. Participants observed and recorded field notes (n = 53) on instances of suffering and compassion in their workplace settings. At the end of the study period, they participated in a focus group or individual interview to reflect on their experiences. Data was analyzed using constructivist grounded theory techniques and iteratively synthesized through group discussion and model building. KEY RESULTS The findings reflected four phenomena associated with compassion in context: individual gaps and lapses in compassion, relational challenges, contextual constraints on compassion, and distributed compassion. Individual gaps and lapses in compassion involved inattention, intention vs. perception, personal capacity, and personal toll. Relational challenges included receptivity, fragmentation, and lack of shared understanding. Contextual constraints consisted of situational pressures, the clinical environment, gaps in education, and organizational culture. The distribution of compassion within teams and how teams adapt their behaviors in response to perceived needs for greater compassion modulated these challenges. CONCLUSIONS The study illustrates the many ways in which compassion can be shaped by context and highlights the role of teamwork in identifying gaps and lapses in compassion and responding in a way that supports patients, families, and colleagues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Roze des Ordons
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | | | - Jacqueline Hui
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Rachel H Ellaway
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Kim H, Kim E, Yu Y. Traumatic Events and Factors Affecting Post-traumatic Growth of Nurses in General Hospitals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.11111/jkana.2020.26.3.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haesook Kim
- Professor, Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Cheongju University, Korea
| | - Eunsook Kim
- Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Cheongju University, Korea
| | - Younghee Yu
- NSICU Unit Manager, Nursing Department, Cheongju St. Mary's Hospital, Korea
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174
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Holtzhausen JDV, Coetzee SK, Ellis SM. Influence of the practice environment on community service nurses’ subjective well-being, compassion practice and psychological capital. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICA NURSING SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijans.2020.100243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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175
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Hui Z, Dai X, Wang X. Mediating effects of empathy on the association between nursing professional values and professional quality of life in Chinese female nurses: A cross-sectional survey. Nurs Open 2020; 7:411-418. [PMID: 31871726 PMCID: PMC6917949 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to examine whether and to what extent, empathy mediates the association between nursing professional values and professional quality of life (ProQOL) in Chinese female nurses. Design Cross-sectional study design. Methods A convenience sample of 733 nurses from Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China, was recruited. Each participant was invited to complete a self-administrated socio-demographic questionnaire, the Nursing Professional Values Scale, the Jefferson Scale of Empathy and the Professional Quality of Life Scale. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis and the bootstrap method were employed to analyse data using SPSS 23.0 software. Results The participants reported a medium level of ProQOL. Nursing professional values were positively associated with compassion satisfaction but negatively associated with burnout. Empathy mediated 9.2% and 57.1% of the total observed effect of nursing professional values on compassion satisfaction and burnout, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhao Hui
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anChina
- Present address:
Faculty of MedicineThe Nethersole School of NursingThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | | | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anChina
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176
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Ververda J, Hauge S. Active Care In Practice: Long-Term Experiences From An Education Programme. J Multidiscip Healthc 2019; 12:871-879. [PMID: 31802885 PMCID: PMC6826190 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s219775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore whether the Active Care education programme has influenced the participants in practice over time and if so how. Method and material A hermeneutic explorative approach. Semi-structured focus group interviews and individual interviews with participants from the education programme from 2014 to 2015. Participants came from different areas in care and had different professional backgrounds. Systematic text condensation analysis based on Malterud. Results The Active Care programme has given the participants new knowledge that motivated, inspired and gave them power to change their practice. The new knowledge seems to give resonance in their basic values and strengthens their understanding of the importance of the users’ basic needs and right to be empowered. Conclusion Active teaching methods that appeal to participants help to understand and expand carers’ repertoire and increases professionalism across professions and positions. Structural factors need to be addressed to meet the goal of integrated person-centered services. ![]()
Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/BFMzR2wX1Yg
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Ververda
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Porsgrunn, Norway
| | - Solveig Hauge
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Porsgrunn, Norway
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177
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178
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Yi J, Kim MA, Choi K, Droubay BA, Kim S. Compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue among medical social workers in Korea: the role of empathy. SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH CARE 2019; 58:970-987. [PMID: 31671283 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2019.1686678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Medical social workers are affected by their clients' suffering, which has an impact on social workers' professional quality of life. This study examined the role of empathy in relation to professional quality of life among medical social workers in South Korea. Using the Professional Quality of Life Scale and Interpersonal Reactivity Index, we found that empathic concern and personal distress were significant components of empathy and were correlated with professional quality of life. Empathic concern was positively associated with compassion satisfaction and negatively associated with burnout. Personal distress was correlated with all components of quality of life: compassion satisfaction, secondary traumatic stress, and burnout. Women had significantly higher levels of burnout than men; religious affiliation was associated with higher levels of compassion satisfaction; and longer years of employment was associated with higher levels of secondary traumatic stress. Medical social workers should be educated on and trained in how empathy can help them address compassion fatigue and promote compassion satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehee Yi
- College of Social Work, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Min Ah Kim
- Department of Social Welfare, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwonho Choi
- School of Social Welfare, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Brian A Droubay
- Department of Social Work, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Social Welfare Policy, Graduate School of Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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179
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Borges EMDN, Fonseca CINDS, Baptista PCP, Queirós CML, Baldonedo-Mosteiro M, Mosteiro-Diaz MP. Compassion fatigue among nurses working on an adult emergency and urgent care unit. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2019; 27:e3175. [PMID: 31596410 PMCID: PMC6781421 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.2973.3175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to assess compassion fatigue levels among nurses and its variation according socio-demographic and professional characteristics. METHOD quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study, with 87 nurses from an emergency and urgent care unit for adults from a university hospital. A socio-demographic and professional questionnaire, along with the Professional Quality of Life Scale 5 were used. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS compassion satisfaction presents the highest means, followed by burnout and secondary traumatic stress. Among the participants, 51% presented a high level of compassion satisfaction, 54% a high level of burnout, and 59% a high level of secondary traumatic stress. Older participants presented higher score of compassion satisfaction, and younger nurses, women, nurses having less job experience and nurses without leisure activities showed higher means of secondary traumatic stress. CONCLUSION we found compassion fatigue, expressed in the large percentage of nurses with high levels of burnout and secondary traumatic stress. Fatigue is related to individual factors such as age, gender, job experience and leisure activities. Doing research and understanding this phenomenon allow the development of health promotion strategies at work.
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180
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Kent W, Hochard KD, Hulbert-Williams NJ. Perceived stress and professional quality of life in nursing staff: How important is psychological flexibility? JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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181
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Compassion has been recognized as a key aspect of high-quality healthcare, particularly in palliative care. This article provides a general review of the current understanding of compassion in palliative care and summarizes emergent compassionate initiatives in palliative care at three interdependent levels: compassion for patients, compassion in healthcare professionals, and compassionate communities at the end of life. RECENT FINDINGS Compassion is a constructive response to suffering that enhances treatment outcomes, fosters the dignity of the recipient, and provides self-care for the giver. Patients and healthcare professionals value compassion and perceive a general lack of compassion in healthcare systems. Compassion for patients and for professionals' self-care can be trained and implemented top-down (institutional policies) and bottom-up (compassion training). 'Compassionate communities' is an important emerging movement that complements regular healthcare and social services with a community-level approach to offer compassionate care for people at the end of life. SUMMARY Compassion can be enhanced through diverse methodologies at the organizational, professional, and community levels. This enhancement of compassion has the potential to improve quality of palliative care treatments, enhance healthcare providers' satisfaction, and reduce healthcare costs.
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182
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Graham MR, Tierney S, Chisholm A, Fox JRE. Perceptions of the "anorexic voice": A qualitative study of health care professionals. Clin Psychol Psychother 2019; 26:707-716. [PMID: 31368595 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
People with anorexia nervosa (AN) often report experiencing a highly critical inner voice (AV) focused on their eating, shape, and weight. There are promising preliminary findings for its role in the treatment of AN, and the support of staff is vital for the AV to be embedded in treatment, but their views remain unknown. The aims of this study were to undertake a qualitative exploration of the perceptions of the AV among health care professionals (HCPs) in specialist eating disorder services. A thematic analysis was applied to interviews with 15 HCPs, including nurses, therapists, psychiatrists, health care assistants, psychologists, and dietitians. Two overarching themes were identified: "The AV is a vehicle for increasing compassion" and "It's not a one-size-fits-all." The AV was seen as a means of developing and sustaining compassion, but participants noted that it does not resonate for all clients. All HCPs in this study believed that there was potential benefit in utilizing the AV in their work with people with AN, and it is likely that doing so would help to reduce burnout and frustration within clinical teams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan R Graham
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Stephanie Tierney
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Amy Chisholm
- Vincent Square Eating Disorders Service, London, UK
| | - John R E Fox
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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183
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Compassion Fatigue, Secondary Traumatic Stress, and Vicarious Traumatization: a Qualitative Review and Research Agenda. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41542-019-00045-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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184
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Lee E, Daugherty J, Eskierka K, Hamelin K. Compassion Fatigue and Burnout, One Institution's Interventions. J Perianesth Nurs 2019; 34:767-773. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jopan.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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185
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Al Huseini S, Al Alawi M, Al Sinawi H, Al-Balushi N, Jose S, Al-Adawi S. Trait Emotional Intelligence and Its Correlates in Oman Medical Specialty Board Residents. J Grad Med Educ 2019; 11:134-140. [PMID: 31428270 PMCID: PMC6697293 DOI: 10.4300/jgme-d-18-00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As part of the globalization of medical education, residency programs in Oman have adopted competency-based standards by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education International (ACGME-I). Correctly perceiving the emotions of others and managing one's own emotions are essential to high-quality patient care. OBJECTIVE We tested the reliability and construct validity of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form (TEIQue-SF), and assessed trait Emotional Intelligence (EI) in Oman Medical Specialty Board (OMSB) residents in multiple specialties. We explored for correlations with trainees' sociodemographic background data. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional, observational study between February and August 2017. Participants were OMSB residents. We administered the TEIQue-SF and collected sociodemographic data from participants. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify independent predictors of trait EI. RESULTS The present cohort scored high in the trait EI subscale of Well-being, followed by Sociability, Self-control, and Emotionality. Among sociodemographic factors, female gender and high income were significant predictors of TEIQue-SF's Well-being subscale and high income and living in a rented home were significant predictors of the Sociability subscale. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study conducted among medical residents in Oman regarding trait EI and its correlates. Our findings of overall high EI and several socioeconomic predictors echo the literature on the assessment of EI in trainees. The findings add to the evidence of cross-cultural applicability of instruments to measure trait EI, and use assessments of EI in resident selection and education.
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186
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Sabery M, Tafreshi MZ, Hosseini M, Mohtashami J, Ebadi A. Development and Psychometric Assessment of Risk Factors of Compassion Fatigue Inventory in Nurses. J Nurs Meas 2019; 27:E62-E80. [PMID: 31511414 DOI: 10.1891/1061-3749.27.2.e62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Identifying the risk factors of compassion fatigue is the basic step in designing effective interventions to prevent and manage compassion fatigue. This study developed an inventory of compassion fatigue risk factors and investigated its psychometric properties. METHODS This methodological study consisted of two phases: item pool generation through semistructured interviews with 13 nurses and reviewing of 38 related articles and the psychometric validation. RESULTS The initial item pool contained 62 items. The psychometric properties was examined and exploratory factor analysis revealed a four-factor structure. Risk Factors of Compassion Fatigue Inventory (RFCFI) contained 20 items. The Cronbach's alpha, intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), and standard error of measurement (SEM) were .86, 0.83, and 5.73 respectively. CONCLUSION RFCFI is a short, self-reporting, valid, and reliable inventory for determining the risk factors of compassion fatigue in nurses and can be easily used by managers, nurses, and scholars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Sabery
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Zagheri Tafreshi
- Nursing Management Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meimanat Hosseini
- Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamileh Mohtashami
- Pyshiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ebadi
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Faculty of Nursing, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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187
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Nurses’ experiences of learning to care in practice environments: A qualitative study. Nurse Educ Pract 2019; 38:132-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Gribben JL, MacLean SA, Pour T, Waldman ED, Weintraub AS. A Cross-sectional Analysis of Compassion Fatigue, Burnout, and Compassion Satisfaction in Pediatric Emergency Medicine Physicians in the United States. Acad Emerg Med 2019; 26:732-743. [PMID: 31204794 DOI: 10.1111/acem.13670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective was to determine the prevalence of compassion fatigue (CF), burnout (BO), and compassion satisfaction (CS) and identify potential personal and professional predictors of these phenomena in pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) physicians. METHODS A modified Compassion Fatigue and Satisfaction Self-Test for Helpers and a questionnaire of personal and professional characteristics were distributed electronically to PEM physicians nationally. The prevalence of these phenomena was calculated. Hierarchical linear regression models for CF, BO, and CS as a function of potential risk factors were constructed. RESULTS The final analyzable survey rate represented 22.7% of the physicians invited to participate. The prevalences of CF, BO, and CS were 16.4, 21.5, and 18.5%, respectively. BO score, distress about a "clinical situation," "physical work environment," and engaging in prayer/meditation were each significant determinants of higher CF scores, whereas "socializing with family/friends" was significantly associated with lower CF scores. CF score, emotional depletion, and distress due to "coworkers" were each significant determinants of higher BO scores, whereas CS score and "talking with a family member" as a means of self-care were significantly associated with lower BO scores. Socializing with family/friends and >20 years as PEM provider were each significant determinants of higher CS scores, whereas BO score, emotional depletion, distress about the physical work environment and "administrative issues," 10% to 24% of time spent caring for pediatric patients, and "talking with life partner" about work-related distress were each significant determinants of lower CS scores. We acknowledge that the generalizability of our findings is limited by the sample size and by the fact that participants were largely female, Caucasian, and junior faculty and worked in academic medical centers. CONCLUSIONS PEM physicians are at risk for developing CF, BO, and low CS. Proactive awareness of these phenomena and their predictors may allow providers to better manage the unique challenges and emotional stressors of the pediatric ED to enhance personal well-being and professional performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanie L. Gribben
- Division of Newborn Medicine and Department of Pediatrics Kravis Children's Hospital Mount Sinai Medical Center and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY
| | - Sarah A. MacLean
- Division of Newborn Medicine and Department of Pediatrics Kravis Children's Hospital Mount Sinai Medical Center and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY
| | - Trevor Pour
- Department of Emergency Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY
| | - Elisha D. Waldman
- Division of Palliative Care Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Chicago IL
| | - Andrea S. Weintraub
- Division of Newborn Medicine and Department of Pediatrics Kravis Children's Hospital Mount Sinai Medical Center and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY
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Aveyard H, Bradbury-Jones C. An analysis of current practices in undertaking literature reviews in nursing: findings from a focused mapping review and synthesis. BMC Med Res Methodol 2019; 19:105. [PMID: 31096917 PMCID: PMC6524227 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-019-0751-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this paper we discuss the emergence of many different methods for doing a literature review. Referring back to the early days, when there were essentially two types of review; a Cochrane systematic review and a narrative review, we identify how the term systematic review is now widely used to describe a variety of review types and how the number of available methods for doing a literature review has increased dramatically. This led us to undertake a review of current practice of those doing a literature review and the terms used to describe them. METHOD We undertook a focused mapping review and synthesis. Literature reviews; defined as papers with the terms review or synthesis in the title, published in five nursing journals between January 2017-June 2018 were identified. We recorded the type of review and how these were undertaken. RESULTS We identified more than 35 terms used to describe a literature review. Some terms reflected established methods for doing a review whilst others could not be traced to established methods and/or the description of method in the paper was limited. We also found inconsistency in how the terms were used. CONCLUSION We have identified a proliferation of terms used to describe doing a literature review; although it is not clear how many distinct methods are being used. Our review indicates a move from an era when the term narrative review was used to describe all 'non Cochrane' reviews; to a time of expansion when alternative systematic approaches were developed to enhance rigour of such narrative reviews; to the current situation in which these approaches have proliferated to the extent so that the academic discipline of doing a literature review has become muddled and confusing. We argue that an 'era of consolidation' is needed in which those undertaking reviews are explicit about the method used and ensure that their processes can be traced back to a well described, original primary source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Aveyard
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Jack Straw's Lane, Oxford, OX3 0FL, England, UK.
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Smith-MacDonald L, Venturato L, Hunter P, Kaasalainen S, Sussman T, McCleary L, Thompson G, Wickson-Griffiths A, Sinclair S. Perspectives and experiences of compassion in long-term care facilities within Canada: a qualitative study of patients, family members and health care providers. BMC Geriatr 2019; 19:128. [PMID: 31060500 PMCID: PMC6503362 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-019-1135-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This paper details a subset of the findings from a participatory action research project exploring a palliative intervention in long-term care sites across Canada. The findings presented in this paper relate to understanding compassion within the context of a palliative approach to long-term care. METHODS Findings presented are drawn from qualitative interviews and focus groups with residents, family members, healthcare providers, and managers from 4 long-term care sites across 4 provinces in Canada. In total, there were 117 individuals (20 residents, 16 family members, 72 healthcare providers, and 9 managers) who participated in one of 19 focus groups. Data was analyzed by multiple members of the research team in accordance with thematic analysis. Individual concepts were organized into themes across the different focus groups and the results were used to build a conceptual understanding of compassion within Long Term Care . FINDINGS Two themes, each comprised of 5 sub-themes, emerged from the data. The first theme 'Conceptualizing Compassion in Long-Term Care generated a multidimensional understanding of compassion that was congruent with previous theoretical models. 'Organizational Compassion: resources and staffing', the second major theme, focused on the operationalization of compassion within the practice setting and organizational culture. Organizational Compassion subthemes focused on how compassion could support staff to enact care for the residents, the families, one another, and at times, recognizing their pain and supporting it through grief and mourning. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that compassion is an essential part of care and relationships within long-term care, though it is shaped by personal and professional relational aspects of care and bound by organizational and systemic issues. Findings suggest that compassion may be an under-recognised, but essential element in meeting the promise of person-centred care within long-term care environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Smith-MacDonald
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Lorraine Venturato
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.,Dementia and Cognitive Impairment NeuroTeam, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Paulette Hunter
- St. Thomas More College, University of Saskatchewan, 1437 College Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W6, Canada
| | - Sharon Kaasalainen
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Tamara Sussman
- School of Social Work, McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Lynn McCleary
- Department of Nursing, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Genevieve Thompson
- College of Nursing, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Helen Glass Centre for Nursing, 89 Curry Place, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | | | - Shane Sinclair
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada. .,Division of Palliative Medicine, Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada. .,Compassion Research Lab, Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N1N4, Canada.
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191
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Pérez-Fuentes MDC, Jurado MDMM, Gázquez Linares JJ. Explanatory Value of General Self-Efficacy, Empathy and Emotional Intelligence in Overall Self-Esteem of Healthcare Professionals. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 34:318-329. [PMID: 31035855 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2019.1606752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the explanatory value of individual variables such as self-efficacy, empathy and Emotional Intelligence for self-esteem in a sample of healthcare workers, and identicare the variables with the most explanatory value for overall self-esteem. A total of 386 healthcare professionals participated in this study (nursing, Certified Nursing Assistants, physicians and physiotherapists). In all the healthcare professionals, Mood, a dimension of Emotional Intelligence, and Self-Efficacy are predictors of self-esteem. This study showed that Self-Efficacy, Empathy and Emotional Intelligence have a significant positive relationship with Self-Esteem. The results have important practical implications for to promote the worker's wellbeing and health.
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192
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Baza Bueno M, Serrano Ferrández E, Dosio Revenga A, Diouri N, Fernández de Sanmamed Santos MJ, Calderón Gómez C. []"Sacred encounters" in primary care: What do they mean for family physicians?]. Aten Primaria 2019; 52:335-344. [PMID: 31029459 PMCID: PMC7231866 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the perceptions and attitudes of the general practitioners (GP) towards consultations with great emotional component, initially called "sacred encounters", and to identify areas of improvement. DESIGN A qualitative methodology based on a socio-subjective approach and focused on health services research. Descriptive-interpretative study. LOCATION Health Centres of Alava and Biscay. PARTICIPANTS Selection of 23 GP from 23 urban and rural Health Centres. METHOD Intentional sampling aimed at looking for discursive diversity. Data generated in 2016 by means of 3 discussion groups and 3 individual interviews recorded and transcribed after informed consent. Presentation to the ethics committee of the Basque Country. Thematic analysis with the aid of conceptual maps and MaxQDA program. Triangulation of the results between researchers and verification by the participants. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The findings were clustered into overlapping thematic areas related to the meaning of these encounters, attitudes of GP, health context, and patients. The importance of the emotions in primary care encounters and their invisibility is underlined, but the adequacy of the term "sacred" is questioned. This expression is built into the GP-patient relationship, if GP favours it and the patient also allows it, discussing the main circumstances that intervene in an essential dimension of integral care. CONCLUSIONS The attention to the emotional dimension in the encounters has deficiencies that need to be corrected. In addition to its recognition and evaluation, it would be necessary to modify the organisational, training and professional factors that determine the involvement of the GPs in their good health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Baza Bueno
- Consultorio de Dima, OSI Barrualde-Galdakao, Dima, Osakidetza, España.
| | | | - Ana Dosio Revenga
- Centro de Salud de Galdakao, OSI Barrualde-Galdakao, Galdakao, Osakidetza, España
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Bell S, Hopkin G, Forrester A. Exposure to Traumatic Events and the Experience of Burnout, Compassion Fatigue and Compassion Satisfaction among Prison Mental Health Staff: An Exploratory Survey. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2019; 40:304-309. [PMID: 30742547 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2018.1534911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric morbidity is high in the prison population and prisoners with mental health problems present with complex needs. Working within the stressful prison environment and exposure to traumatic events may make prison mental health staff and correctional officers vulnerable to burnout, compassion fatigue, and reduced compassion satisfaction. This issue has not previously been explored in the prison setting. In this exploratory study, 36 mental health professionals and correctional officers were recruited from a prison in England and completed a series of questionnaires on their demographic and professional characteristics, exposure to traumatic events, support from managers and colleagues and on levels of burnout, compassion fatigue, and compassion satisfaction. Staff had high levels of exposure to traumatic events and the level of support provided by managers and colleagues was mixed. The majority of staff were not at high risk of burnout, compassion fatigue and reduced compassion satisfaction but higher levels of burnout, compassion fatigue and reduced compassion satisfaction were found to be associated with a range of factors including staff characteristics, exposure to traumatic events, and working environment. These findings should be interpreted with the small sample size and limited power in mind and larger surveys of staff working in prison mental health settings are needed to confirm these results across a wider number of sites but nonetheless this study highlights the need for providers to consider staff's exposure to traumatic events and to promote supportive working environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Bell
- a Barnet, Enfield and Haringey Mental Health Trust , London , UK
| | - Gareth Hopkin
- b Department of Health Policy , London School of Economics and Political Science , London , UK
| | - Andrew Forrester
- c Offender Health Research Network , University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
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Aparicio M, Centeno C, Arantzamendi M. The significance of gratitude for palliative care professionals: a mixed method protocol. BMC Palliat Care 2019; 18:28. [PMID: 30898130 PMCID: PMC6427884 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-019-0412-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In palliative care (PC) patients and relatives (P/R) often show their gratitude to the healthcare professionals (HP) who care for them. HP appreciate these displays of gratitude, although the impact of the same has not been examined in detail. Publications analysed tell personal experiences in which HP say that displays of gratitude create sensations of well-being, pride and increased motivation to carry on caring. No systematic examination in PC was found. These aspects related to gratitude may be important in the field of PC, where there is constant exposure to suffering and the preoccupation which arises from wanting to help HP to go on with their work, but it needs closer study and systemisation. The purpose of this study is to understand the significance and the role of the gratitude received from P/R for palliative care health professionals (PCHP). METHODS A suitable mixed method will be used. The first phase will be quantitative and will consist of a survey, piloted by experts, whose goal is to explore the current situation in Spain as regards displays of gratitude received by HP at PC services. It will be sent by e-mail. The results from this part will be incorporated into the second part which will be qualitative and whose goal is to understand the significance of the experience of receiving displays of gratitude from the perspective of PCHP, using a phenomenological approach. Interviews will be undertaken amongst PCHP. The interview guide will be designed after taking the survey results into account. The project has been granted ethical approval. DISCUSSION These results are set to provide a key contribution within the context of the growing preoccupation on how to care for HP, how to ensure retention and keep them from resigning, as well as preventing burnout, emotional fatigue and boosting their resilience. In order to do this, it is both interesting and ground breaking, to analyse the repercussion of spontaneous gratitude shown by P/R towards PCHP, to see if this is a useful resource to reduce these problems and to encourage the greater presence of dignity and humanisation, for both those receiving care and for those providing it. This gratitude may be one of these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Aparicio
- Universidad de Navarra, ICS, ATLANTES, Campus Universitario, 31080, Pamplona, Spain
- Palliative Care Clinical Nurse Specialist at St Christopher’s Hospice, London, UK
| | - Carlos Centeno
- Universidad de Navarra, ICS, ATLANTES, Campus Universitario, 31080, Pamplona, Spain
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Servicio de cuidados paliativos, Av. Pio XII, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Arantzamendi
- Universidad de Navarra, ICS, ATLANTES, Campus Universitario, 31080, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Dreher MM, Hughes RG, Handley PA, Tavakoli AS. Improving Retention Among Certified Nursing Assistants Through Compassion Fatigue Awareness and Self-Care Skills Education. J Holist Nurs 2019; 37:296-308. [PMID: 30879386 DOI: 10.1177/0898010119834180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Retention of certified nursing assistants (CNAs) is an ongoing challenge for nursing homes. Purpose: To combat the effects of providing complex care needs to residents, this quality improvement project explored a 90-minute evidence-based education program on compassion fatigue awareness and multiple self-care skill strategies for CNA retention. Design: A single-group pre- and posttest design, mixed-methods approach. Method: A preintervention demographic survey, a postexperience survey, and the ProQOL (Professional Quality of Life; Version 5) tool measured the CNAs' level of compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress at three time points: preintervention, 1 month postintervention, and 3 months postintervention. Results: Forty-five CNAs participated. After 1 month, CNA retention increased by 43%, and at the end of the fourth month, the facility's retention rate was 100%. Forty-four percent of the full-time supplemental agency CNAs became full-time facility employees. The use of supplemental agency staff decreased to less than 5% of the total CNA hours worked. CNAs improved their compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress scores. Conclusion: This education program proved to be an effective, low-cost intervention. The quality improvement project highlighted the need for additional study on holistic interventions such as workplace education programs addressing compassion fatigue awareness and self-care skill strategies in this understudied group of formal caregivers.
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A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Compassion Fatigue, Burnout, and Compassion Satisfaction in Pediatric Critical Care Physicians in the United States. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2019; 20:213-222. [PMID: 30418339 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000001803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction and identify potential personal and professional predictors of these phenomena in pediatric critical care providers. DESIGN Cross-sectional, online survey. SETTING Pediatric critical care practices in the United States. SUBJECTS Pediatric critical care fellows and attending physicians. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS A modified Compassion Fatigue and Satisfaction Self-Test for Helpers and a questionnaire of personal and professional characteristics were distributed electronically to pediatric critical care physicians nationally. Prevalence of these phenomena was calculated. Hierarchical linear regression models for compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction as a function of potential risk factors were constructed. The survey response rate was 35.7%. The prevalence of compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction was 25.7%, 23.2%, 16.8%, respectively. Burnout score, emotional depletion, and distress about a patient and/or the physical work environment were each significant determinants of higher Compassion Fatigue scores. Preparing for didactics, Compassion Fatigue score, distress about administrative issues and/or coworkers, and "self-care is not a priority" were each significant determinants of higher burnout scores, whereas female sex, Compassion Satisfaction score, and distress about the physical work environment were each significant determinants of lower burnout scores. Prayer/meditation, talking with colleagues, senior faculty level, and student and/or chaplain involvement when delivering bad news were each significant predictors of higher Compassion Satisfaction scores, whereas female sex, burnout score, emotional depletion, and distress about coworkers were each significant predictors of lower Compassion Satisfaction scores. CONCLUSIONS In our population, chronic exposure to distress in patients and families puts pediatric critical care physicians at risk for compassion fatigue and low compassion satisfaction. Awareness of compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction and their predictors may benefit providers both personally and professionally by allowing them to proactively manage their distress.
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197
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Raman R, McClelland L. Bringing compassion into information systems research: A research agenda and call to action. JOURNAL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0268396218815989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we assert that compassion-driven approaches are the sustainable way for information and communication technologies to contribute to economic value. We urge future information systems research to emphasize, with equal vigor, the joint goals of compassion and financial gains from information and communication technologies. We present a broad agenda for future information systems research based on this premise. We also discuss how certain core assumptions underlying traditional information systems research—so far, driven primarily by economic value as outcome—would need to change in order to support this new agenda emphasizing compassion and economic value as complementary and synergistic outcomes. We provide a brief concrete illustration of this proposed agenda, and its underlying revised assumptions, by drawing on the example of a prominent field of study in information systems research, namely health information systems research.
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198
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Dev V, Fernando AT, Kirby JN, Consedine NS. Variation in the barriers to compassion across healthcare training and disciplines: A cross-sectional study of doctors, nurses, and medical students. Int J Nurs Stud 2019; 90:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Abstract
This paper critically examines the approach to studying and intervening in organizations that derives from the work of Melanie Klein. It proposes that Klein’s emphasis on reparation, while clearly valuable for effecting change, can also induce undue guilt that stymies employee subjectivity and damages the organization. The term “reparation compulsion” is offered to capture this particular dynamic. Defined as the incessant drive to atone for guilt, reparation compulsion has both individual and collective correlates that together constitute a unique and hitherto unexplored organizational pathology. Two vignettes are used to demonstrate the limits of reparation in a work setting before turning to Menzies’ classic case study of a nursing service, which is revisited in light of the pitfalls of guilt-driven labor. Together, these illustrations revise and expand upon Menzies’ concept of social defense, placing reparation compulsion at the core of a newfound “depressive” social defense system that has direct repercussions for those working in the caring professions, and particularly those afflicted with “compassion fatigue.” Specifically, the argument is made that compassion fatigue is not just an unfortunate side effect of caring, but constitutive of an organization in which repairing others requires a chronic disrepair of the self. The paper concludes with discussing the implications for the psychoanalytic study of organizations.
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200
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Sastrawan S, Newton JM, Malik G. Nurses' integrity and coping strategies: An integrative review. J Clin Nurs 2018; 28:733-744. [PMID: 30358004 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.14702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Integrity is one of the core values in nursing that needs to be maintained by nurses in practice. However, the complexity in the nursing milieu can pose threats to integrity. An understanding of the common threats and coping strategies might assist nurses in preserving integrity in everyday practice. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To review and synthesis the concept of integrity in nursing and identify common threats and coping strategies. METHODS Whittemore and Knafl's integrative review method was implemented. A search was performed in Scopus, Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Proquest Health and Medical electronic databases published in English between 2000-2017. Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility for inclusion. Methodological appropriateness for the included studies was assessed using the critical appraisal skills programme. The constant comparative method of grounded theory was used to analyse and synthesise data from seven peer-reviewed articles. RESULTS Two major conceptions of integrity were identified. These included the sense of wholeness with regard to personal-professional concerns and ethical-moral conducts. Five entities, self, patients, teamwork and work culture, the nature of work, and organisation, were identified as interweaving elements that may induce threats to integrity. When integrity is threatened, nurses use two key strategies to survive: adjusting and compensating. An emergent framework to facilitate understanding of nurses' threats to integrity is discussed. CONCLUSIONS A threat to nurses' integrity takes form when there is an unmitigated gap between a nurse's expectation and reality. While the expectation comes from within the nurse, the reality materialises out of the complex interplays that occur in the healthcare workforce. Maintaining integrity demands a continual strive to balance personal expectations, professional concerns and nursing realities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Margaret Newton
- Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gulzar Malik
- Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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